BREATHING TIRANA The crossroad between east and west
Tirana is the capital of Albania, located in the South-east of Europe. With 895.160 citizens is now considered the largest city of the State, thanks to its extended territory. But at the beginning the situation was totally different, the city has always been considered as a Project and for this, over the years Tirana saw several international competitions that led it to change and play the role of the green city of the future:
HISTORIC TIME - LINE 1912-1938
1938-1945
INDIPENDENCE FROM OTTOMANS • Brasini main axis plan • Orizontal unorganized growth of the city • Tirana as ‘Believer Community’
1945-1990
ITALIAN OCCUPATION • Migration to the center of the city from the interland • First organized urban plan
1991-2003
COMMUNIST DICTATURE (ENVER HOXHA) • Soviet influence in both housing and urban planning • Destruction of all religions issue
2004-2015
TIRANA EXPANSION • Rapid growth of the city • Requalification of housing • Loss of identity of the city
2015-2030
‘EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF THE FUTURE’
TIRANA AS A GREEN CITY (STEFANO BOERI)
• Research of a new Identity • Vertical organized growth of the city
• New sustainable urban plan • Costruction of modern building
“In a exhausting run, Tirana has overturned its balances and it has negotiated its own identity, it has changed from the capital city of the poorest country in Europe in 1985 to the European capital city of the future in 2010: hurrying, hurrying breathlessly, with no time to metabolize, understand or take things in”.
TIRANA ‘BELIEVER COMMUNITY’ ‘AGGREGATION AREAS’ MONTENEGRO
KOSOVO
TIRANA
MACEDONIA
ALBANIA
ITALY
GREECE
DEMOGRAPHIC URBAN GROWTH Legend: Main axis
1912 - 1938
Monument B.I.G. project Mosquees
1939 - 1945
Churches Plaza
1946 - 1990
1991 - 2015
RELIGION IN ALBANIA During the years, the State of Albania was the subject of many occupations by differents countries and dictatures. All the occupations brought inside the State their cultures and their traditions, including religions.
PERCENTAGE OF RELIGIOUS PRESENCE MUSLIM
CATHOLICS
ORTHODOX
ATHEISTS
DEFINITION OF ‘SACRED PLACE’
Legend:
“the Sacred Place is the one where a person, thanks to the place itself, is able to connect with higher dimensions of himself, he is able to feel the deep connection with Nature, with everything that the Universe includes. In a Sacred Place, fear disappears, the world is perceived as good, one feels at one with the others. Crossing the door, even in metaphorical terms, of such a place actually means crossing a new dimension of oneself.”
Muslim Catholics Orthodox Atheists
COMMUNITY
SQUARE
PROTECTION
WATER
DEVOTION
VEGETATION
(Meeting place for Faithfull)
(Acceptance)
(Metaphorical fences)
(Purity)
(Opening towards the sky and divinities)
(Creation)
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
GENERAL INFORMATION Scale 1: 30.000
1
WATER AND VEGETATION SYSTEM
TOPOGRAPHY IN ALBANIA Going from the coast to the hinterland the state of Albania has mountain ranges that reach a maximum of 3000 m above the sea. Tirana, 300 km from the sea, has a flat level in the city but going eastwards, mountains of a maximum of 2000 m begin to rise, including Mount Dajt.
MONTENEGRO KOSOVO
Legend WATER SYSTEM
ADRIATIC SEA MACEDONIA
Water bodies Monument to Enver Hoxha
GREEN SYSTEM Protected forest Wild lawns Forest GREECE
Vacant Land Agricolture River bed
IONIAN SEA
Urban parks
Legend > 2000 m
600 - 1000 m
1600 - 2000 m
200 - 600 m
100o - 1600 m
0 - 200 m
Monument to Enver Hoxha
PROTECTED AREAS Albania is also characterized by protected natural areas and in particular in the city of Tirana it is possible to find the Dajti Mountain National Park and one of the Protected Landscape, called Mali me Gropa-Bize-Matanesh
MONTENEGRO KOSOVO
ADRIATIC SEA MACEDONIA
In Albania, and in particular in Tirana, there are different typologies of environmental systems. If in the adjacent areas to the city there is the presence of protected forest, agriculture filds and vacant land, in the urban center it can be found wild lawns, the river bed and urban parks. All of this systems are characterized by different typologies of plants, according also to the position of the city of Tirana inside the state of Albania. Tirana is subject to a mediterranean climate, but being inland, it will differ in temperatures from a coastal city.
INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM GREECE
Legend National Park
Zones Managed Resources
Protected Landscape
Strict Nature Reserve
KOSOV O
O ZZ RA DU
IONIAN SEA
Managed Nature Reserve
HIGHWAY SYSTEM As shown in the figure, the motorway system within the State is very limited. In fact, many of the infrastructures connecting the main cities of Albania (Tirana, Vlore, Durres and ) have only been proposed and not yet built. This lack of connections is due to the topography and the presence on the territory of forests and the various protected areas previously analysed.
Legend INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM MONTENEGRO
D UR AZZ O
DAJTI M. N. PARK
Territorial Connection Principal Urban Road
KOSOVO
Secondary Urban Road Rail Line Urban Road in Progress
ADRIATIC SEA MACEDONIA
Monument to Enver Hoxha
BICYCLE PATH Existing Bike Path Bike Path in Progress Proposed Bike Path Monument to Enver Hoxha
Motorway proposed
Motorway U/C
Dual carriageway
O D.
Motorway planned
KA VA J
Motorway in service
F
Legend
D. O
IONIAN SEA
F
N SA BA EL
Tirana is a highly trafficked city, due to the presence of many main roads connecting to neighboring places. One of the most important is the central axis that divides the city vertically and it’s the connection between the two central plazas of the city. Bike-paths are mainly located on the street near the centre, but most of them are still in progress or only proposed.
E
GREECE
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
TERRITORIAL READING Scale 1: 40.000
2
PROCESS
FRAGMENTATION
VEGETATION AND WATER SYSTEM STRATEGY
INCLUSION OF NATURE
1: 100.000
ECO-STRATEGY
Legend Small ecosystem
Permeability thrugh the river-front
Great ecosystem
Future connections to strenghten
River ecosystem
Green Corridor
River Lana Source
Monument to Enver Hoxha
Afterwards the reading of the territory and the idendification of fragmented areas, an attempt is made to increase the environmental system. Through the design of green corridor, parks and the requalification of the river-front, the aim is to connect all the isolated areas into a single ecolgical ring. In this way forests and parks around Tirana will connected with those one inside the city. The main axis as the main green corridor will link all the small urban parks along it with the Gran Park of the city, and through the requalification of the river Lana, they bring the ecological system inside the city, ensuring more green space for their use, rather than the presence of large infrastructures.
CONNECTION
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY
CRITICAL NODES
1
5
RIORGANIZATION 1: 100.000
4
Legend Territorial Connection
New connection
Urban grown into Nature
Principal road
Critical street
Disconnection
Secondary road
New Pedestrian Buolevard
Road block
Rail way
2
Critical Nodes
3 By overlapping the green strategy with the existing infrastructures, critical points were highlighted both along the territorial connections and in the city center along the Lana river. These infrastructures hinder the connection of different fragmented green areas or cause urban growth towards natural areas. To solve these problems, it’s thought actions aimed at promoting green permeability towards the city, and, at the same time, at blocking urban growth towards naturalistic spaces.
Afterwards the reading of the territory and the idendification of fragmented areas, an attempt is made to increase the environmental system. Through the design of green corridor, parks and the requalification of the river-front, the aim is to connect all the isolated areas into a single ecolgical ring. The aim of the strategy is not only to open the city towards nature, but also to close nature towards urban expansion and for all these reasons, it is necessary to change the existing infrastructural system, thus changing the subdivision of the city into rings.
GOALS 1. GREEN CORRIDOR
2. URBAN EXTENSION BLOCK
3. GREEN CONNECTION
4. PERMEABLE RIVER FRONT
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
5. ADD OF GREEN ELEMENTS
TERRITORIAL STRATEGY Scale 1: 50.000
3
II RING FOCUS POSITION
GREEN AND WATER SYSTEM ANALYSIS Legend Green areas of interest Boulevard River Lana Water bodies
SECTION B-B’ Within the center of Tirana it is possible to find three types of green areas: equipped urban parks, a green corridor along the Lana river and the Grand park. All these three elements are part of the large-scale strategy, which consists in joining all the green part around the city in an unique green system. In particular it focuses on the central axis which would act as a link between the Grand park and the park north of Tirana. This vertical connection is intersected by the presence of the River Lana, which divides the city from north to south due to its unusable green banks.
B
2
EXISTING VEHICLE VIABILITY
B’
ARK P ND 2. R IV E
ARK P ID M
3. G RA
1. P YR A
1
R
NT O FR
3
PEDESTRIAN DEDICATED AREA
INFRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ANALYSIS
Legend Parking Area Square
SECTION A-A’
Territorial Connection
The center of Tirana presents, along the central axis, various functions, not only institutional and administrative but also cultural and artistic. Despite this and the presence of many green areas, this area remains in favor of vehicles. In fact, thanks to the presence of connecting roads with four lanes in each direction of travel, there are few crossing points for pedestrian. These roads and in particular the main axis therefore represent a major obstacle to overcome. The same is true for the Lana river, whose banks are represented by a green corridor that cannot be used by citizens. This situation is aggravated by the presence of other main roads along the river, making it possible to cross it only through bridges.
II RING CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM
Principal Road Secondary Road
1
Pedestrian Path Municipality Library Art Gallery Churches Mosquees University Court Funtain Artefact
SQUARE BEG R DE 2. M A
1. S KA N
Theater
ERESA SQUARE T E DR
A
A’
2 Legend Principal Junction
Disorganized Areas
Secondary Junction
Plazas
Organizeed Areas
Landmark
Organizeed center Areas
Churches/ Mosquues
Isolated Area Forest
Pyramid of Enver Hoxha
Secondary landmarks Main road Main limits-raod Secondary raods Center limit Main Axis River Lana
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
FIRST APPROACH Scale 1: 10.000
4
GREEN AND WATER SYSTEM STRATEGY
III RING FOCUS POSITION
Legend Green areas of interest Boulevard River Lana River-front connection Water bodies
Legend
SECTION B-B’
Park Square Green Connection Lana river
SEO UL
Zoom Area
B B’
JA JUBL NA L S GE
MEMORIAL N MU UA H C
UM SE
WE N
3B RID
RIVER FRONT PERMEABILITY
FRONT R VE I R
AXIS TRANSFORMATION
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY
Legend Territorial connection Principal street Dedicated viability Free public space Pedestrian path Pedestrian river front Pedestrian boulevards Parking Areas River Lana
SECTION A-A’
CLUSTER DIAGRAM U ST E R
P O LI
REL
TIR AN
Skanderbeg Square
IG
A
- BOERI 0 3 20
TIR
CL
TI
C
A N A
H PARK FAIT A
A’
IO US
C LU ST E
Pyramide Square ST E
R
C U LT U R
AL
C
R
LU
Mother Teresa Square
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
MEDIUM SCALE STRATEGY Scale 1: 10.000
5
.4
SECTION 1: Axis and river node + Pyramid
.1
.3
SECTION 3: River waterfront sample situaton
SECTION 4: Central axis desing sample situation
.2
SECTION 2: Mother Theresa Square node
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2020-2021 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
MASTERPLAN Scale 1: 3.000
6
2
Existing situation
Green Invasion
Lowering of the sqare
Water reflection
1
1
Result
2
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
MOTHER TERESA SQUARE Scale 1: 500
7
UNDERGROUND PARKING PLAN
Ending point
Starting point
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Result
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
MOTHER TERESA SQUARE Scale 1: 500
8
3
1 Existing situation
Movement
Nodes and perforation
2
2
Areas division
1
3
Result
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
PYRAMID NODE Scale 1: 500
9
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
PYRAMID NODE Scale 1: 500
10
Existing situation (Zoom 1)
ZOOM 1
Bluring the borders
Result
RIVER SECTION VIEW
Existing situation (Zoom 2)
Mooving the borders ZOOM 2
Result
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
DESIGN SOLUTION FOCUS Scale 1: 100
11
Composition
Concept Follow the eagle in the shape
Windows
Follow the sunshine In the front
Follow the mountain in the back
Shell
Building Pictures
Walls
The Pyramid from above that it goes in harmony with the form of Dajti Mountain
A photo was taken under the regime
Hoxha’s statue in the center of the Pyramid
P +13,2 m
P +9,6 m
P +5,4 m
P +0,0 m
P -1,65 m (technical area)
P - 4,65 m
Pyramid of Tirana - frontal view
Structure
Floors
Outside area
FUNCTION Meeting room Functional rooms Administrative rooms Toilets Storages Library
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
ORIGINAL PROJECT
12
PYRAMID EVOLUTION
CIRCULATION
Clean up the exterior
P 13,2 m
RENDER
P 13,2 m
Total view from the roof
Subtraction in the slabs P +9,6 m
Internal view - P +13,2m
P +5,4 m
External view - P +5,4m
Open the central part and add vegetation
P +0,0 m
Internal garden - P 0m
P -4,65 m
Reuse the underground rooms FUNCTION Video room Museum rooms Administrative room Video room - P -4,65m
New Green area Tour Path Passing path Point of view
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
WEAVING TIRANA: THE CROSSROAD BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
School of Architecture Urban Planning Costruction Enginering, A.A. 2019-2020 Master of Sustainable Architecture and Landascape Design
Students: Albertazzi Marta (918792), Grilli Alberto (926270), Janka Rimi (918801) Supervisor: Gozzi Gio, Co-Supervisor: Pessoa Alves Pereira Henrique
NEW PROJECT
13