Rethinking Future Mall: Creating A Human Centric Public Space by Yichong Lim

RETHINKING FUTURE MALL : CREATING A HUMAN-CENTRIC PUBLIC SPACE

By LIM YI CHONG

Design Thesis Report Submitted to the Fakulti Rekabentuk Dan Seni Bina, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Architecture

All material contained within the dissertation, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the dissertation for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with theexpress, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia

Acknowledgment Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Ar. Wooi Lok Kuang for the continuous support and advise of my research, for his kind, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the presentation, design development toward the whole long thesis. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my design thesis. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank my design thesis coordinator Ar. Wan Sofia for her encouragement and insightful advice to make the thesis come in piece. As well as the other helpful mentor in the Design Thesis Dr. Wan Sri Hani Wan Mohamed, Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain, Ar. Kalsom Mohamad, and Ar. Lim Kee Yan. Besides, I want to specially thank for head of Department of Architecture; Prof. Madya Dr. Mohamad Fakri Zaky for his supporting behind, head of Master Architecture Program; Puan Ida on managing the whole course and making this Design Thesis to be accomplish. I thank my fellow mates Ervin Chua, Lim Wei Ren and Tim for the discussions and the sleepless nights we were working together before deadlines, and for all the fun we have had in the last one year. Also I thank all researchers on researchgate.com who I never meet before and willing to share their private research works with me. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my parents and my sister who constantly supporting me spiritually throughout the whole journey. Lastly, I sincerely thanks to all the mentioned or not mentioning supporters who had giving me helpful hands throughout the whole research process.

Contents ABSTRACT 9

CHAPTER 1

Origin of Shopping Mall

An architecture solution in Sub-urban, Solving social community dessert issue

The Twist Intension of the Mall’s original intension

Background of Shopping Mall

Shopping Mall in Klang Valley

Shopping Mall Development in Klang Valley

The Rapid Growth of Mall

Role of Shopping Mall in Malaysia

CHAPTER 2 THE POLITIC OF SPACE WITHIN SHOPPING MALL

Why Shopping Mall Need A Change ?

Thesis Statement

Thesis Statement Study

The Relationship Mapping Between Conceived Space and Lived Space

Definition of Perceived Space, Conceived Space and Lived Space

Issue Statement

The conflict of Shopping Mall’s Function and the way People Utilizing it

Why Shopping Mall is Not A Public Space ?

N.A.B.C. 26 Thesis Aim

Conceptual Framework

Potential Client

Macro Site

Macro Site Context

Site Synthesis

S.W.O.T. 37 Micro Site Context

Transformation Meter

Decision and Future Consideration

Propose Phases

05 06

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Conceptual Development

Massing To Form Design Development

Facade Case Studies

Internal Ambiance Case Study

Building Program

Overall Program Planning

Integrate Cultural or Temporary Event Activities

Propose Program Case Study

Case Study

CHAPTER 4 MALL IN A PARK

Concept 72 Key Feature

Mall: Imagining The Future Mall

Future Mall: Architecture Impact Study

Park Translation In Future Mall

Community: Mall as Community Generator

Target Client

CHAPTER 5 DESIGN STRATEGY

Engaging the community in Mall by Productive Activities

Community Hot Spot

Flexible and Configurable Space

Community Attraction by Similar And Different Interest

Exploratory Circulation Design and Spaces Connection

ATTACHMENT 98 Design Drawings

Floor Plans

100

Building Section

108

Louver Detail and Walkway Tensile Structure Detail

109

Sketches 110 Reference 118 7

Abstract

Rethinking Future Mall : Creating A Human-Centric Public Space Victor Guren, the father of shopping mall is the first to introduce shopping as a strategy to attract the people to utilize community center. But the idea is further corrupted as a tool for profit. Back to Malaysia context, shopping mall still a favorite third place, but a very commercial driven third place. It is replacing our outdoor park. However shopping mall is having conflict between its function and its role when serving the community. The thesis statement is referring to one of the theory in the book, The production of space, call the politic of space. From the complex relationship of space and people, my thesis is constantly exploring on the relationship of the mall functioning as a Machine of shopping but users are seeing it as a replacement of public space or outdoor park. Politics of Space

People-Centered

Other evidence of shopping mall is not a public space or humane space is that the imagination of shopping mall is totally different from other type of public space, singular function building, discriminate on users and products, Existence of Guren Effect, researcher define it as pseudopublic space, and the dynamic environment of awareness of consumerism and change of consumer habit, especially the physical space and social space are transforming into online. As conclusion this project is exploring on the politic of space within shopping mall’s architecture - the conflict between its current function and its role. The thesis is seeking architecture as a media to alter the situation and expand beyond current mall’s typology.

Beyond Commercial Driven Third Place

Thesis Topic

Possible Development / Evolution

Development that puts user needs, desires and abilities at the center of the development process

Rethinking Future Mall : Creating A Human-Centric Public Space Outcome

Issue

Pseudo-Public Spaces but its replacing Public Space (Politic of Space) Architectural Exploration

A place open and accessible by all

Solution

Architecture as tool to solve the situation by combining both elements

THESIS TITLE EXPLANATION

Possible Evolution of the Pseudo-Public Space as a development that puts users desire at the center of development process and achieve itself as a place of freedom, accessible and benefit for all.

CHAPTER 1 Shopping Mall’s Background Study

Origin of Shopping Mall

Forth Worth Plan. Victor Gruen Associates. Source: (Gruen & Smith, 1960)

An architecture solution in Sub-urban, Solving social community dessert issue

The Twist Intension of the Mall’s original intension

Shopping Mall is being implement as a social space for sub-urban residence. Victor Guren integrated commercial activity into the community space as a strategy to attract people.

Opening in 1956, Southdale was meant as the kernel of a full-fledged community. The mall was commercially successful, but the original design was never fully realized, as the intended apartment buildings, schools, medical facilities, park and lake were not built. The intension of a community place is being twist.

After the war, he designed the first suburban open-air shopping facility called Northland Mall near Detroit in 1954. After the success of the first project, he designed his best-known work for the owners of Dayton Department stores, the 800,000-square-foot (74,000 m2) Southdale Mall in Edina, Minnesota, the first enclosed shopping mall in the country.

Gruen’s disappointment on mall is capitalize as a Machine for shopping Gruen’s disappointment came from the way developer’s took his idea for a richer and less humane environment “I refuse to pay alimony to those bastard developments.” - Victor Guren Victor Gruen disavowed shopping mall developments as having “bastardised” his ideas

Background of Shopping Mall Shopping Mall in Klang Valley

The evolution of shopping malls developed from the commercial activities integrating with recreational events in addition to traditional shopping destination of Malaysia in 1980s and beyond (Lim et al., 2003). Its primary purpose to stock and supply products to consumers in an idealized, conditioned indoor space and generating the possible maximum amount of revenue with the least inefficiencies in cost and space. These were seen as a positive replacement of chaotic, unregulated marketplaces. The revolution of shopping complex in Kuala Lumpur started with the very first opening of purpose built supermarkets and emporiums such as Weld Supermarket and Yuyi Emporium. These shopping mall are generally retail developments within a podium of an office building. Most of the shopping complex was having poor amenities and parking facilities. Retail layouts were generally small with poor pedestrian circulation and inefficient use of space. Shopping Mall Development in Klang Valley

The revolution of shopping complex in Kuala Lumpur started with the very first opening of purpose built supermarkets and emporiums such as Weld Supermarket and Yuyi Emporium. These shopping mall are generally retail developments within a podium of an office building. Most of the shopping complex was having poor amenities and parking facilities. Retail layouts were generally small with poor pedestrian circulation and inefficient use of space.

During the 80’s shopping complexes were facing the second generation of revolution. Shopping mall such as Sungai Wang Plaza (1978), Bukit Bintang Plaza (1979), Kota Raya (1982) and and Pudu Plaza (1989) is being propose as a gigantic complex equip with amount of retails. Those shopping malls are starting considering accessibility as they are located along main roads or at busy junctions of arterial. The most notable changes are the vehicular facilities being highlighted such as parking lots are provided and easy entrance and exit points are strategically located for the convenience of vehicle access.

The

Rapid

Growth

Mall

The rapid economic growth and urbanization along Klang Valley was causing a series of social and economic factors influencing the shopping center development trend. The third generation of shopping centers starts blooming from the 1990s until present. There has been birth of new giants, with the size determine the winner of competition such as Sunway Pyramid, Mid Valley Megamall, One Utama Shopping Center, Tropicana City Mall and so on. All the mega sized shopping centers have their individual niche markets. For example, Sunway Pyramid integrated with its own planned them park resort – Sunway Lagoon. Without exception, all shopping centers are having good or strong retail attractions in order to succeed in the face of stiff competition.

Role of Shopping Mall in Malaysia Shopping Mall is a third space for most Malaysian Shopping mall is being acquiescence as a third space for the past decades. During the first implementation of shopping mall, it is a hybrid place of mixing community space and commercial activities. (Aleksandra Djukic, 2016)

of Shopping and High-rise Complex Management, one out of five Malaysian is visiting shopping mall once a week which encourages the growing of shopping malls. Therefore, shopping center is evolving into a new force whose impact should not be neglected.

There is not an exception in Malaysia which shopping mall is no doubt a main public focal point and shopping has become one of the Malaysian favorite weekend activity. According to the Malaysian Association

Rosenbaum, M. S. (2006). Exploring the social supportive role of third places in consumers’ lives. Journal of Service Research, 9(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670506289530

Shopping Mall is a Commercial Driven Third Place Shopping mall is widely influence by consumerism. Skate holder of Shopping Mall are always trying to maximize profit. Retailers design these spaces to enhance consumption, but not social activities. Additionally local government focusing on appearance, aesthetics, and tax generation, which they are better able to regulate. Retail planning and policies have often been ignored in urban policymaking.

Shopping Mall is Replacement of Outdoor park and other public space in Malaysia Shopping Mall in fact is rapidly replacing the role of a public space especially in modern Asian cities where the people refuse to hang out in a public parks but in a shopping mall. In fact, most family prefers to spend their weekend in Movie Theatre or restaurants in shopping mall. (Aleksandra Djukic, 2016) • A major leisure location for people in Malaysia • Replacement of outdoor public park in most Asia country • Malaysian Mega Shopping Malls are even a tourist attraction

CHAPTER 2 The Politic of Space Within Shopping Mall

Why Shopping Mall Need A Change ? Why Shopping Mall Need A Change ? Why Shopping Mall Need A Change ? Why Shopping Mall Need A Change ? Why Shopping Mall Need A Change ? Shopping Mall is a Third Place and replacement of Public Space in Malaysia. It is having strong position for most Malaysian that it is one of the favorite choice when they deciding place to spend their time. This is crucial question that leading into the main issue that the whole thesis is exploring.

Politics of Space

People Center

Beyond Commercial Driven Third Place

Thesis Statement

Shopping Mall is having conflict between its actual function and its role when serving the community The outline of Shopping Mall which control or create by the owner, designer, urban planner or government is not parallel to the imagination of users Politics of Space - The Production of Space

Thesis Statement Study Henri Lefebvre’s The Production of Space Space is political and ideological” (Lefebvre, 1977,p. 341). Space is subject to conflict over ownership,over meanings, values, uses, etc. The theory of Lefebvre’s spatial thinking in creating a more humane and inclusive sociospatial environment that contrasts with the increasing of privatized and commodified public and social space. ‘The Production of Space’ reflect not only a more inclusive planning and design process but also an understanding of the city and the urban as a functionalised space and the social processes of those who ustilise space. His theory suggested space to be inclusion and empowerment of the meanings, values, hopes and imaginations of users and through more than merely the designed intentions of planned space.

The 3 type of Spaces for production of space To understand space and its impact on the form, structure and lived experience of everyday life, Lefebvre identifies 3 necessary elements for the production. Spatial practices (perceived space) -

Space is designed based on physical desire and function

Representations of space (conceived space) -

Space is imagined and control by certain dominant power to meet particular ends

Spaces of representations (lived space) -

Space is being utilize by imagination of publics

CONCEIVED SPACE LIVED SPACE The Relationship Mapping Between Conceived Space and Lived Space The conflict is happening that Shopping Mall’s conceived space is always being imagine as a tool for profit. Owner will always request fit it the maximum numbers of retails, Designer will create a consumerism focus architecture to psychologically attract people to spend more, and Government is position mall as a important commercial supply for sustain economy cycle. Meanwhile in visitor’s perceptions, shopping mall is always a leisure space to spend their free time. People are not intent to go shopping mall for purchasing. They are more keen on roaming around which is similar to having a walk in a park.

Thesis Statement Study

Definition of Perceived Space, Conceived Space and Lived Space Perceived Space Shopping Mall design begin with the intension of creating a community space for suburban where implement a series of commercial space as attraction. In the end the intension of being overcome by the consumerism. Conceived Space The conceived space of shopping mall is complex as it involve multiple parties which desire for different intension. The owner is always desire to cattle more retail in the building in order to maximize profit while Government is restricting the typology to reserve certain amount for community. Lived Space Malaysian utilize shopping mall as a replacement of outdoor park or a third space that shopping mall is always the first choice to spend for their free time. Comparing of lived space between public space and Shopping Mall: Normal Public Space [Outdoor Park / Padang / Sport Field ] Representation of Public Space : Friends / Recreational / Social / Freedom / Kids / Pets / Greenery

Shopping Mall Representation of Shopping Mall : Shopping / Brands / Shops / Retails / One-Stop Grocery / Fashion / Women / Car Park

Issue Statement

The conflict of Shopping Mall’s Function and the way People Utilizing it By cross compare of the Relationship Mapping and the definition of perceived space, conceived space and lived space of Shopping Mall it is clearly to see the politic relationship is happening and causing the debate of shopping mall being a third space or not. Even though Shopping Mall is declared as third place and a replacement of public space but physically and consciously do not fulfill its function as a public space when serving the community. Its main purpose of exist is a tool for profit. Every detail of shopping mall architecture is consumerism driven, Hence we can conclude that consciously the imagination (Conceived Space) of Shopping Mall is not parallel to the imagination (Lived Space of public space.

Issue Statement Why Shopping Mall is not a Public Space ? Influence of Consumerism counter the characteristic of public space in shopping mall The main reason is always come around the factor that stakeholders are using the mall as tool to make profit and also the nature of human always attract by the activity of shopping. Singular Function Building “The shopping Centre is a machine for shopping: it employs crude, but very effective, behaviorist principles to move patrons effectively through the retail build environment”, (Goss, 1993, p. 33) says. The commercial spaces lost its former public force and dedicated themselves to pure consumerism, becoming a mono-functional aggregation of plain boxes. Every product happen inside only related trading service & product. (Mattson, 2009) Discriminate on users, service & product Urban poor are excluded from those spaces, Shopping Mall’s products mostly serve those with disposable income. (Erkip, 2003)

Existence of Guren Effect / Gruen Transfer It refer to the moment when consumers enter a shopping mall or store and, surrounded by an intentionally confusing layout, lose track of their original intentions, making consumers more susceptible to make impulse buys. It is named after Austrian architect Victor Gruen, who disavowed such manipulative techniques. The Gruen transfer is a psychological phenomenon in which an idealised hyper-reality is realized by deliberate reconstruction, providing a sense of safety and calm through exceptional familiarity. Pseudo-Public Spaces Consumer behavior is controlled in shopping centers, in contrast to most public spaces, and the major task is to consume. People are being diverse by categories, goods are selling according to states of people. Some retail tend to have guard and door install within its boundaries. (Staeheli and Mitchell, 2006) Besides Mall owners do not consider these spaces as gathering places or a new kind of downtowns, and do not allow for all the user rights that a really public setting would offer. In Malaysia Shopping Mall, pets are not allow, Access of shopping malls are not 24 hours

Issue Statement Why Shopping Mall is not a Public Space ? Shopping Mall Is Fading its Role As Third Place and replacement of Public Space Due to Dynamic Environment The retail real estate industry is undergoing one of the most profound transformations in its history. The rapid advance of technology and the growing influence of the multiple generations, along with other trends have created challenges for shopping center to declare itself as a third space or a freedom public space. The spirit of shopping mall as a third space and replacement of public space is starting to fade along with those obstacles. - Awareness of Consumerism - Pandemic

Online trend and digitalization is changing Shopping Mall’s usage The concept of space is further complicated as the perception of space is no longer exclusively a matter of brute, geographical spaces. (Dovey, 2010; Johnston, 1999; Wise, 1997; Virilio, 1989) Once physical shopping, now can be easily done by using mobile phone application at anytime anywhere. Besides the development of digital media is not only is striking the visitor foot fall of shopping mall but changing the social communication behavior. Social interaction between people now can be easily occur by using mobile phone. Perceived spaces are thus a blend of actual and virtual spaces and users shift between the external world and the digital media screen when navigating in social space. (Johan Hagberg, 2011) Social Space > Social Media Physical Shopping > Online Shopping Online Shopping Trend / Predictive Analytics (Big Data) / HCI / Recommendation Engines / Search Engine / Extended Reality

“

Shopping Mall is having conflict between its role and its actual function when serving the community

”

The outline of Shopping Mall which control or create by the owner, designer, urban planner or government is not parallel to the imagination of users

N.A.B.C. NEED

Shopping Mall should expand itself beyond consumer driven third place Consciously, shopping mall is being recognize as a positive place but in reality a mall is not serving its role of public space well. In fact a Mall is having much more potential than just being limited as a consumerism driven third place. A Mall should contain similar characteristic with other public space that exist As a public space, a Mall should be more productive and humanae, approaching towards humancentered design Future Mall shall function as a part people’s daily life. Space for morning farmer market or night market can become part of a mall Future Mall need to focus on space for experiencing. In future product exploring will be online while physical store are for testing and experiencing purpose

APPROACH Rethinking Shopping Mall as A New Prototype, A Hybrid of a Mall + Park, Substitution of a Mall or a Park The new prototype is seeking the function of a Mall beyond a consumer driven third place which is acting as a role of Real Public Realm and a Mall. The prototype is achieving its role of a Mall as a replacement of public realm and functioning as a real public space. As short it will be a balance between the meaning of a public space, its function and the imagination of people to utilize the space. Commercial Activities wil evolve into a new form

Architecture design to achieve a Public Space characteristics (Recreational Park)

The hybrid characteristic is allow the prototype to become substitute of other type of public space

N.A.B.C. BENEFIT

Creating A Resilient Human-Centric Public Space The prototype is a mix of both Mall and Park’s characteristics. It provide the roaming experience as a mall but at the same time it is a public space where recreational, social activity, pets and greenery able to exist in the same place.

COMPETITOR

Discover the future mall design from people and community perspective and its potential to replace as a public space Future mall is mostly discuss and relate to Online and digital trend. Many related research and proposal are keen on the impact of technological integration in shopping mall.

The involvement of people or community will increase visitor foot fall and prevent obsolete.

However rarely there is proposal transforming a shopping mall into actual replacement of public space.

The prototype is also a future guideline for government and developer to propose an architecture which balance between community and financial consideration.

Hence this project is seeking a mall as a real replacement of a public space and a typology beyond consumerism driven Current Typology

Urban Area A Mall is no more a bulky building with singular function. It can be both replacement of Shopping Mall and public park. Government / Skate holder A balance between community and profit driven proposal for an empty land. Community Community is able to utilize the building as a mall and as well a lifestyle park. Human-Centered design which connecting shopping mall’s program with surrounding culture & context

Machine of Shopping Existing Proposal No Man Store Technology Integrate / HCI / HBI Thesis Proposal • A new typology of Future Retail + recreational + community • Act as a real replacement of a Park and Mall • A resilience of a mall back to its original intension • Adoption on current Shopping Mall trend - office space, learning center & workshops 27

Thesis Aim A new architecture prototype that resolve the conflict between its role as replacement of public space and its actual function when serving the community which leading shopping mall beyond a commercial driven third place.

Politics of Space

People-Centered

Beyond Commercial Driven Third Place

Conceptual Framework

Proposed Typology

Potential Client

DK-MY Properties Sdn Bhd, a developer who strive to be the leading technology driven and innovative developer of choice 30

Site, Context, Synthesis & Respond Site Selection Criteria , Synthesis & Analysis, Context Exploration, Building Programming

Macro Site Urban Area around Klang Valley Along Klang Valley, there are a number of developer are seeking shopping mall as a tool to profit. Hence shopping are constantly appear along the Klang Valley. In fact there are some developers intend to create a mall which link with community but still the mall often ended up as an isolated building without community interaction. Worse to the worse, some community mall are end up to very minimum visitor footfall. It is suitable to look for a site around Klang Valley that the amount of population seeking shopping mall as a public space is huge. It is also a good opportunity to further demonstrate the prototype as transitional space between commercial zone and residential zone.

Petaling Jaya Skesyen 19, in between SS2 & Seksyen 17 Petaling Jaya is one of the earlist satellite town in Klang Valley. It is a sub urban along with the development of Kuala Lumpur City Center. The site is located in between SS2 and Seksyen 17.

SITE

Macro Site Context Seksyen 19 From Industrial to Commercial A Future Trading and Services Commercial Area According to MBPJ Local Plan 1 (Amendment 4) The overall planning of PJ is moving towards an extension of Trading Center from Kuala Lumpur City Center. At the same time Seksyen 19 is one of the proposal area to convert itself from industrial into commercial zone MBPJ Local Plan 1 (Amendment 4) 4.2.1 (v), 4.1.3, 4.3.1, 4.4.3

Site Synthesis

NATURAL AMENITIES Open public park is scatted around but only some is properly utilize

CIRCULATION • Immature public transportation system • Over depending on private vehicle

ZONING • Major Residential area • Recently MBPJ is slowly moving toward the next trading major area

DISTRICT The site is connected well with SS2 area but its segregation from Seksyen 17

LANDMARK & AMENITIES The district is shortage of public facilities to cattle more various community and cultural event

S.W.O.T. S.W.O.T. Balance coverage of age S groups and various user groups

O It is sitting beside a important river in Petaling Jaya

The demographic is based on MBPJ’s Local Plan 1 (amendment 4) Section 4.2.1 (v), 4.1.3, 4.3.1, 4.4.3

W The site is slightly further away from prime road

T Its only vehicle access road become shortcut for people to avoid traffic

Site Selection by Community Infrastructure’s Public Park & Community Center’s guideline guide line reference from Planning Department

01 Site area reference

03 Suggested Community Center’s ideal position diagram 02 Distance between Site and surrounding landmark, , public transport station & etc.

Community Coverage Covering up to 5 unit Community (400m radius / 2000 pax population as 1 community unit)

Families Youngster

Students Families Youngster

Families Youngster

Office Worker Adult

Students

Industrial Workers

Landmark & Utilities Covering up to 5 unit Community (400m radius / 2000 pax population as 1 community unit)

The hub SOHO - Service Residence

High rise development around SS2

Entrance becoming graffiti artist’s drawing board ////////

Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Sea

Affordable apartment

Students (primary to university) , young adults, elderly, families

Existing of various of age group

A Calm and Peaceful neighborhood

It is moving towards multi purpose Zoning

A major residential area in Petaling Jaya

Site

Micro Site Context Existing Abandon Building (SS2 Mall) 7 acre / about 30,000 sqm [To be Split into 2.5 - 2acre] An abandoned Shopping Mall. Stop operation after 4.5 years of serving the community. The abandonment of the mall is reflecting to the thesis study of a Mall being commercial driven and conflict its function as a public community space. https://www.nst.com.my/property/2020/10/630948/sstwo-mall-be-transformed-medical-centreopening-next-year

Facing SS2 residential area

Oposite Seksyen 17, PJ

Micro Site Context Failure of SS2 Mall is reflecting on the background study Shopping Mall is having conflict between its role and its actual function when serving the community Abandonment of SS2 Mall is clearly reflecting on the issue of a mall position itself as commercial driven mall which is not sufficient to sustain. The repetitive products which can be find on other places is nothing attractive to people. Additionally people would prefer larger mall with wider product range for the sake of convenience. Hence the selected site - SS2 Mall site is suitable to demonstrate the proposed future mall design which is beyond consumerism driven and contribute its role of a public space back for community. Neighborhood is excited on the walking distance Mall https://forum.lowyat.net/topic/1842110/all

Inappropriate program planning, circulation and layout planning • Repetitive retail which able to find in other place • Inconvenience entrance • Inconvenience vehicle and service circulations • Insufficient car park

Almost no tenant to rent the retail space • Space as retail or as office is not efficient • Over supply on commercial spaces instead of recreational or office space

Closure and abandon after 10+ years after completion

Before Closure

Currently

Removing unwanted or Produce certain amount abandon building which is of wastage not providing any benefit (profit / value / meaning)

Demolition

Able to remove the failure design and move on with related content

Easier way to propose a floor plan or massing as there is existing design

Conflict with sustainable idea

The existing facade expression is conflict with current thesis aim Floor plan will be restrict due to a lot of intersection

Threat

(2017, Hannah Baker, Decision-making for the demolition or adaptation of buildings)

The nature of the issue of demolish or adaptive reuse are a complex and multidimensional, Neither the choice is either wrong or right, Since the project is focusing on thesis core idea, hence the choice will be done base on the direction of thesis

A sustainable method to During construction extend a building’s usage stage there will be a period lot discrepancy and unexpected accidence Causing wastage to reuse a building during construction stage too

Adaptive Reuse

Benefits

Threat

For thesis

General

Abandon Building Evaluation

Transformation Meter

Demolition and Reuse Measuring Tool (Geraedts and Van der Voordt, 2007)

The proposal is getting approximately 52% of total marks.

The measurement tool is including evaluation on physical conditions (45-50%) , aesthetic of building (25%) site context (30-40%), historical value (20-45%) and related feasibility study is allowed to add in.

Hence demolish or reuse will very depending on purpose, site situation and difficulty of construction Sustainability is not included as that it depending on consequences of the outcome

Decision and Future Consideration The Existing Building will be demolish as: A large area / volume is needing demolition: • Car park Podium that re-purpose it causing no car park or reuse it as low efficiency structure • Revitalization on facade will be in a huge portion • Planing of new main vehicle flow, services route is needing certain amount of demolition • The fully occupied layout design causing complex construction difficulty and on site accident which consuming extra cost and time. Visitor Vehicle

Route

Out

Portion of Facade

Service Route

Visitor Vehicle

Route

Out

Occupied Space

Service Route

Occupied Space

Car Park Podium

Portion of Facade

Extension for court ya yard

Portion of Facade

Inappropriate Building Boundary and Building Setting The appearance of bulky commercial center is not appropriate to be on the site Accessibility of fire engine is no sufficient

Unchangeable Failure design of Car Park Structure Decision will be made according to the thesis aim, appropriate of design (especially ingress and egress & car park) and fire requirement.

Unpleasant Main Entrance & Drop Off The flow of circulation is only in one direction without any U-turn Out

Out

Bulky Box Design causing no extra space for proper circulation Planning Vehicle access and Services route are only flowing in only one direction

Occupied Space

Visitor Vehicle

Occupied Space

Service Route

Route

Occupied Space

Occupied Space 51

Sustainable Demolition Demolition can sustainable to reduce impact from social, environment and economic as well Environment Concrete and bricks is recyclable. In fact MBPJ is taking lead on recycling construction materials. MBPJ implemented rules and regulations of mandatory for building owners to engage with city council contractors to dispose of construction waste.

Social & Economic The new proposal will be be a new typology of Mall + Park that focus more on community, recreational and adaption of digital trend. It involve and give back space for community at the same time its business model is adapting the Online retail as part of it.

Site Physical Properties

Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Sea SS2

Am Ke n

Small Park

sta

S alan

72 S 2/

III

ide

Phase 2

ra Bi

sta

Phase 1 [propose site] 2.5 acre Site 7 acre

Re s

sta

Seksyen 19 n

Jala

lot

pan

a Har

Seksyen 17

River Side : Water body exist beside the propose site

Propose Phases

Phase

Site

SS2 Mall [Split Site] Site - Design Thesis Phase 2 - Community Infra + Expansion Phase 3 - Future Expansion

Phase 3

Measure distance Total area: 11,436.92 m² (123,105.94 ft²) Total distance: 432.00 m (1,417.31 ft)

CHAPTER 3 Design Development Massing arrangement and Program Planning

Conceptual Development The conceptual design idea exploration and manifestation development

Massing Design Development

Identifying the possible route of users travel to & around the site

Space is arrange along the journey. Commercial, recreational and community is attached along.

Identify appropriate Entrance / Starting point

To further expand the humane design, jogging route is intersecting spaces.

The journey is leading people either reach to the higher part for view or lower part for the river side

The rising platform is to free up eye level space for social activities (reducing consumerism image)

The layering of various height is becoming the layers of different human movements from different directions

The rhythm of height is also creating the effect of the building blending with surrounding building height

The overall outcome is becoming a mimicry of a hill, a metaphor of building having some physical characteristic of natural elements

Massing To Form Design Development

Facade Case Studies

Spaces are camouflaged by elements which reflect on community, social, recreation and related Express the image of the project more on community and public to drive the space representation of a Mall beyond commercial driven

Antinori Winery

Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park

Moesgaard Museum, Denmark

Internal Ambiance Case Study Ku.Be House of Culture in Movement Community Amenity that encourages residents to participate in a wide range of activities including running, jumping, climbing, dancing, learning and meditating. Engagement in these activities is encouraged by the complex’s dynamic, playful architecture.

Building Program Human, Activities, Event, Synthesis & Analysis, Context Exploration, Building Programming

Overall Program Planning

Community Integrate Cultural or Temporary Event Activities Multi functional space for Temporary Event or Activities A place which transformable into a wide space for cultural event, crowd gathering and celebration events. Farmer Market, Pop Out Market, Festival Events

Pasar Ramadhan

Morning Group fitness session

Hari Raya Celebration

Chinese New Year Celebration

Deepavali Celebration 67

Loop of Wisdom Museum & Reception Center, Cheng Du/China Powerhouse Company’s design for a technology museum and reception center for a new neighborhood in Chengdu, China, is much more than an exuberant landmark. the fluid-structure incorporates a spectacular public space – an undulating rooftop trail. It invites people to explore it and make it part of their regular walking or jogging routine.

Propose Program Case Study 68

Case Study Sesc 24 de Maio, Brazil A revitalize project - a complex set of recreational facilities and services. The building provides a wealth of leisure and culture spread across 14 storeys. The development, which reuses an existing structure in the city center, includes a rooftop swimming pool and a subterranean theater. other facilities in the building include sports facilities, a library, and even a dental clinic.

CHAPTER 4 Design Resolution Mall In A Park The design idea manifestation

MALL IN A PARK The proposal intend to create a new typology of a Mall that acting as a park. The idea is not only criticize the over consumerism focus design but to manifesting the concept of coexist of a Mall as a park. The prototype will be able to replace the scatter community pocket park that required to be provide within 800meter radius in our Malaysia Master Planning requirement. By positioning our Mall which also acting as a park is not only resolve the issue of consumerism in a Mall but also becoming influence in urban context. The idea will able to solve the issue of pocket park as a burden for urban land as it always in very low usage but it is a compulsory requirement for master planning.

Concept

Key Feature

MALL Imagining The Future Mall Evolution of retail model as no man driven is allowing extra space as social space which operate 24 hours with strict security.

02 PARK

As Humane Space

Public Park characteristic triggering the ambient of humane and freedom

Future Retail Trend Digitalizes/ Shrink of Display Space / Instance Customization of products / No Man driven Store / Experiencial Space / Highly equip with technology tools (HCI)

Public Space Character - Recreational The place will allow space to have recreational activities to trigger the community. Jogging trail passing through spaces / Basketball court at the center court yard / Ramp path as hiking route Public Space Character Landscape / Greenery Plants and landscape elements is implemented into the spaces to allow a more relax ambient and giving out the image of a park.

03 COMMUNITY For Community

A place which provide productive activities and positive values for people

Social Activities / Third Space No Man driven store is leading towards 24 hours operation allowing accessible by anytime and anyone with strict security.

FUTURE RETAIL PATTERN

Selling & Purchase is happing at a small corner

COMMUNITY

Translation of park spaces providing variety of Human activities including library, workshop, badminton hall, e.t.c.

PARK

Sky Park Garden & Wadding pool is being provide for more natural enviroment approach

IMAGINING THE FUTURE MALL Shopping Mall will not require to be operate by human with the help of Automated and A.I. Technology. Most of the services will be easily replay by machines and screens.

Explore Products by Mobile & Tablet Device Product exploration is easily done by using mobile tablet at any corner and anytime. Item can be collect at pick up point, cloud puller or deliver to your address. 76

Product Display or Fitting by AR or VR Product display method will be using AR, VR, Hologram, or display on a screen. This method is able to reduce retail space usage. 77

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FUTURE MALL ARCHITECTURE IMPACT STUDY Special study of the future retail business model and the impact of the new feature towards architecture design proposal

TRANSLATION IN FUTURE MALL

03 COMMUNITY MALL AS A COMMUNITY G E N E R A T O R

Reconstructing shopping mall’s space as a park where equip with activities spaces. Converting space for products into space for human, community and activities.

Target Client

Government Body - MBPJ Government is able to referring the proposal as a guideline to turn a shopping space as a communal space which allow commercial activities and community ambient to be happen at the same time 84

Online Retalier - Lazada / Shopee Achieving Online retailer going physical which combining their services ecosystem combining with automated technology. At the same time the whole is will achieving itself as a public spaces.

CHAPTER 5 Design Strategy The manifestation of Mall In A Park in respond to ideation and architecture

Product Picking Point

Cafe Providing PC and Internet for B40 for Online class and homework materials

Step Seating An extension reading space of library. It can become a speaker corner or a open classroom

Artists Corner Allow artist performance for donation or showcase their creations that encourage art appreciation for public

Engaging the community in Mall by Productive Activities A place that act as extension of their room, house, office or leisure space. People are coming to the place for library, Internet cafe for classes or exhibitions. The community are going to the Mall for more positive purposes.

Library

Floating Trail Walkway or jogging trail that passby the building which allow preview for internal space and viewing point to outside.

Screen For Shopping Retail display is minimize into a screen that smaller space is selling more products

Gathering Space A place for gathering that all food or drinks is able to order on mobile phone. The items will then deliver via cloud puller or collect at

Community Hot Spot The community hot spots is created to cattle different activities for varieties of user groups as well as different function or purpose which leading the place to be an inclusive third space.

Students Hot Spot Artist Hot Spot

Leisure & Gathering Hot Spot

Flexible and Configurable Space Some space will being design as flexible and configurable. As example the wide corridor can be space for elderly morning group exercise, but it can be add on partition to form a semi-enclose workshop space that passerby able to peek in. The flexibility of being enclose or open is allowing the space having more functions such as weeding hall and exhibition space. Hence flexibility to configure space is allow more varieties of human or community activities to be happens. The flexibility of space usage is allowing a wider user group range to utilize the space for more beneficial purposes.

Community Attraction by Similar And Different Interest Benefit by the flexible design strategy, the Mall will becoming a place to cattle different communities activities. It will be able to hold various types of events including hobby related activities to be happen around. Those community activities will constantly attract people who share the similar interest to gather together. Additionally those activities will be attracting other patron and becoming a community magnet that connect people in the community.

Exploratory Circulation Design and Spaces Connection The floor plan design is translating the characteristic of a park being exploratory in journey. The design intend to create the space out of ordinary method. The design of circulation involve quite a number of ramp to allow linear movement that not letting people realize they are moving into different height. Double Volume design is constantly apply into the design in order to create visual connection for different height. The visibility is breaking the typical space design being isolate by heights, wall, ceiling and floor.

Ground Floor - Wadding Pool / Flexible Space / Workshop / Rock Climbing Space / Delivery Deployment Point

Additionally the varieties of activities and the pop out events benefits by the flexible space strategy are constantly changing the mall ambient from time to time. It create opportunities for people to explore or realize new things when walking around the Mall. Besides the jogging trail that penetrate in and out, up to down of the spaces is adding tone of a Mall being a park ambient.

Section demonstrating the visual connection create by double or triple volume design

Level 1 - Multi Purpose Space / Automated Storage / Community Sport Garden

Level 4 - Library / Ramp up sky Garden

CONCLUSION Building As Activist On Criticizing Over Capitalize and Consumerism For A Public Space The design proposal is being manifest as a activist that criticizing the consumerism in the decision of a Mall’s Architecture. The design process is constantly review back the development of the shopping mall and overcome the current Mall’s attribute as a place for shopping and further develop into a human centric space. An Evolution from Current Typology From the choose of site location, space program, and architecture design, the decision is focusing on the idea of positioning future mall as a park which can easily replace the low usage pocket park that always being argued by urban planners. The benefit of designing mall as a park is also a method to overcome the facts of technology such A.I., automated machine, No man store trend, and Online shopping trend is replacing the function of shopping mall in a cheaper manner and smaller in size. The activities program planning is also manifesting a Mall as a “Public Space” instead of “Psedo public space” that change the idea of Mall being community and public is to pursue people to spend more. Instead the program planning is more focus on productive, wellness, cultural or learning.

The Design Proposal Vision achieve in Urban Context Going through the series of research and design process, the proposal design is able to have some influence in urban context. Due to its role of being a park equip with future Automated Cloud commercial strategy, It is a community infrastructure combine with commercial supply chain. The co-exist of park and Mall is benefiting high density development due to the reason that a smaller building is able sustaining larger commercial products while acting as a community infrastructure.

Final outcome and conclusion The overall Design Thesis proposal is successful to review, research, development and redesign the building type of future mall. It not only design for community but at the same time the design and planning is beneficial as a partial influence in Malaysia high density urban development. Last but not least, the proposal criticize the current typology is lacking consideration from the community perception and the obsolete from the facts of technology is changing the way of people utilizing shopping mall.

Attachments Design Drawings, Sketches & Attachments

SS2

SEKSYEN 19

SEKSYEN 17

GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE : NTS 100

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LV 1 SCALE : NTS

LV 2 SCALE : NTS 102

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LV 3 SCALE : NTS 104

105

LV 4 SCALE : NTS

ROOF PLAN SCALE : NTS 106

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Detail Section 1 Floor, Wall and structure detail

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1 2

Detail Section 2 Louver detail and Tensile Structure for sky jogging and walking trail

LOUVERS MECHANISM The motor will starting to rotate the gears and create movement to rotate the steel chain Then moving steel chain will then pull the very top first louvers upwards by using steel chain and gears mechanism While the top first louvers is being pull and rotate, the steel string will pull the other louvers at the same time. *The routine maintenance will only need to focus on the motor, and steel chain part. *If the mechanism is malfunction, the motor and steel chain will be the part to look into.

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LEFT ELEVATION SCALE : NTS

FRONT ELEVATION SCALE : NTS

RIGHT ELEVATION SCALE : NTS

REAR ELEVATION SCALE : NTS 110

Sketches

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Ramp up for view

Ramp up from lower point (font part of PPR) to higher point (East side of SS19)

Massing for phase 1

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schematic floor plan planning Planning & design base on the idea of emphasizing people than commercial retail come after

Entrance

Main Entrance

Cultural

Retail

Recreational

Space for social community, recreation or culture appear before retail space is creating image of a place for people

-> Social Space -->Entrance -->

Massing Progress

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Babakhani, R. (2017). Color and Light in Architecture and its Effects on Spirits of Space Users in a Psychological View. Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 06(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000184 Oungrinis, K.-A. (2013). Implementation of Kinetic Systems in Architecture : A Classification of Techniques and Mechanisms Appropriate for Discreet Building Parts. International Conference on Adaptation and Movement in Architecture (ICAMA2013), (October), 1–14. Zhelnina, A. (2009). “It’s like a Museum Here”: The shopping mall as public space. Laboratorium, 3(2), 132–136. Menezes, M., & Arvanitidis, P. (2019). Teenagers ’ Perception of Public Spaces and Their Practices in ICTs Uses (Vol. 1). https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-030- 13417-4 Ismail, W. A. W., & Said, I. (2015). Integrating the Community in Urban Design and Planning of Public Spaces: A Review in Malaysian Cities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 168(March), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.241 Carmona, M. (2019). Principles for public space design, planning to do better. Urban Design International, 24(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1057/ s41289-018- 0070-3 Jin, J. (2019). Stimulate Social Interaction in Urban Public Space through the Design and Implementation of HCI. (May). Retrieved from http://nrl. northumbria.ac.uk/39439/ Roy Yin (n.d.) Invisible Shopping Mall. Anna Robaton, Eric Hertz, CAE (2019) The Future of The Shpping Center Industry. Azmi, A., Buliah, A. L., & Technology, H. I. (2018). Tourist Expectations of Malaysian Shopping Mall Experiences. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, (6), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr. spi6.244.250

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Rethinking Future Mall: Creating A Human Centric Public Space

Articles inside

Engaging the community in Mall by Productive Activities

Community Hot Spot

Concept

Issue Statement

Thesis Aim

Thesis Statement