BUILDING SCIENCE 2 P2 REPORT

Page 1

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413] PROJECT 2 : INTEGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5

WONG ROUNG-JANG 0303368 MR. SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMY

Table of Content 1.0 Lighting 1.1 Natural Lighting Market Restaurant 1.2 Artificial Lighting Yoga Room

2.0 Acoustic 2.1 External Noise (Sound Pressure Level) Ground Floor Level (Market) 2.2 Reverberation Time Yoga Room Restaurant

3.0 Appendix and Reference

1.0 Lighting 1.1.1 Natural Lighting at Semi-Open Market Formula: Daylight Factor (DF) = (Ei/Eo) x 100% Open Market Area = 84m2 Area of Glass Windows = 25m2 Daylight Factor = (25/84) x 100% = 29.7% = 29.7 x 0.1 = 2.97% This market is a semi open market needed to have the best daylighting effect for the display unit. Thus calculation result for the daylight factor is at 2.97%, which is under the good category of having great natural lighting based on requirement of MS1525, within the range of 3-6, the space is considered having a good natural lighting.

EEi = (D x Eo)/100 Ei = (2.97 x 32000)/100 = 950lux

The standard illuminance level of semi-open market is in the range of 200-750lux. The final calculation of daylighting is 950lux, which is about 1.2 times more. This is due to the open concept of the market that receives direct sunlight during the afternoon but it is shaded by tensile fabrics throughout the day to reduce the additional lux.

MS1525 Lighting Standard

1.1.2 Natural Lighting at Restaurant Formula: Daylight Factor (DF) = (Ei/Eo) x 100% Restaurant Area = 25.25m2 Area of Glass Windows = 8m2 Daylight Factor = (8/25.25) x 100% = 31.68% = 31.68x 0.1 = 3.168%

Restaurant needs good lighting for the dramatic impact on the tone of the restaurant. And the result is 3.168%, which is under good category based on the requirements of MS1525, within the rage of 3-6. Thus this space is considered to having good natural lighting. The location of this restaurant is at the 2nd floor and facing the west direction meaning it receives the most sunlight during the afternoon period. However, during the morning, direct sunlight would not be a concern due to the coverage by the tall Maybank tower in front of it.

EEi = (DxEo)/100 Ei = (3.168x 3200)/100 =1013.76 lux

The standard illuminance level for the restaurant is in the range of 200lux. The final calculation of daylighting is 1014lux, which is 5 times more of the lux required. This is due to the fact that the restaurant has a retractable roof. The roof is only retracted during the evening therefore, it is well shaded from morning to afternoon.

MS1525 Lighting Standard

1.2 Artificial Lighting 1.2.1 Artificial Lighting at Yoga Room Yoga room is a space for relaxation and exercise which requires decent light. Hence, the choice of using High Lumen lighting and LEDs are chosen to achieve a space that will be lit up nicely and also reduce the amount of shadows created.

Types of Light Bulb: Ecotone High Lumen Twister

Product Detail Lamp Type Light Colour Wattage Initial Lumens Colour Temperature CRI Characteristics

Fluorescent Bulb Cool white 45 2850 6500K 80 Emits without glares and harsh shadows

MASTER LED Lamps LV

Product Detail Lamp Type Light Colour Wattage Initial Lumens Colour Temperature CRI Characteristics Lumen Method Calculation Dimension of Room Total Floor Area (m2) Standard Illuminance Required (lux) According to MS1525 Assumption of Reflectance Value Mounting height (hm) Room Index (K) đ??żĂ—đ?‘Š

LED Spotlight Cool white 10 430 4000K 87 Indoor Spotlight & Enhances Depth

6.4 x 14.7m 90.4 300-500 70, 50, 20 4.1 – 0.85 = 3.25m 6.4 � 14.7 = 3.25(6.4+14.7)

1.37

â„Ž(đ??ż+đ?‘Š)

Utilization Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Lumen Calculation

0.62 0.8 đ??¸Ă—đ??´ đ??š Ă— đ?‘ˆđ??š Ă— đ?‘€đ??š 300 Ă— 90.4 = (2850 + 430) Ă— 0.62 Ă— 0.8

đ?‘ =

= 17bulbs

Number of Luminaires across

√

đ??żđ?‘‹đ?‘ √ đ?‘Š

Hence, each spacing

14.7đ?‘Ľ17 6.4

= 6.24 (take 6)

14.7/6 = 2.45m

Number of Luminaires along

√

đ?‘Šđ?‘‹đ?‘ √ đ??ż

Hence, each spacing

6.4đ?‘Ľ17 = 14.7

2.72 (take 3)

6.4/3 = 2.12m

Market Type of Light Bulb: SOFTONE 15W B22 240V T55 WH 1CT

Product Detail Lamp Type Light Colour Wattage Initial Lumens CRI Characteristics

Lumen Method Calculation Dimension of Room Total Floor Area (m2)

Incandescent Soft White 15 1142 100 Emits without glare and harsh shadows

14.5 x 7m 101.5

Standard Illuminance Required (lux) According to MS1525 Assumption of Reflectance Value Mounting height (hm) Room Index (K) đ??żĂ—đ?‘Š â„Ž(đ??ż + đ?‘Š)

Utilization Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Lumen Calculation

200-750 80, 50, 30 4.1 – 0.85 = 3.25 14.5�7 = 1.49 3.15(14.5+7)

0.91 0.8 đ??¸Ă—đ??´ đ??š Ă— đ?‘ˆđ??š Ă— đ?‘€đ??š 300đ?‘Ľ101.5 = (1142) Ă— 0.91 Ă— 0.8

đ?‘ =

= 36.626 = 37 bulbs

Number of Luminaires across

√

đ??żđ?‘‹đ?‘ √ đ?‘Š

14.5đ?‘Ľ37 7

= 8.75 (take 9)

Hence, each spacing 14.5/9 = 1.6m

Number of Luminaires along

√

7đ?‘‹ 37 14.5

= 4.2( take 5)

đ?‘Šđ?‘‹đ?‘ √ đ??ż Hence, each spacing 7/5 = 1.4m

Restaurant Type of Light Bulb: Ecotone High Lumen Twister

Product Detail Lamp Type Light Colour Wattage Initial Lumens Colour Temperature CRI Characteristics

Lumen Method Calculations Dimension of Room Total Floor Area (m2) Standard Illuminance Required (lux) According to MS1525 Assumption of Reflectance Value Mounting height (hm) Room Index (K)

Fluorescent Bulb Cool white 45 2850 6500K 80 Emits without glare and harsh shadows

6.5 x 10.8m 70 200 80, 50, 30 4.1 – 0.8 = 3.3m 10.8�6.5 3.3(10.8+9.5)

= 1.22

Utilization Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Lumen Calculation

1.0 0.8 đ??¸Ă—đ??´ đ??š Ă— đ?‘ˆđ??š Ă— đ?‘€đ??š 200 Ă— 70 = 2850 Ă— 1.0 Ă— 0.8

đ?‘ =

= 6.14 = 7 bulbs

Number of luminaires across đ??żđ?‘‹đ?‘ √ đ?‘Š

Number of luminaires along đ?‘Šđ?‘‹đ?‘ √ đ??ż

√

10.8 đ?‘‹ 7 6.5

= 3.5 (take 4)

Hence, each spacing 10.8/4 = 2.7m √

6.5đ?‘‹ 7 10.8

= 1.65 (take 2)

Hence, each spacing 6.5/2 = 3.25m

Light Reflectance Table (Source:)

Utilization Factor Table (Source: http://www.lightsbylinea.co.za/media/technical)

Acoustic 2.1 External Noise at Ground Level __1__ Sound Pressure Level Formula: N= 10 x log10 1(ref) Noise Source: A) Busy Traffic Noise = 80dB B) Normal Conversation = 40dB A) Traffic Noise = 80dB 80 = 10 log10

đ??ź1 đ??ź0

đ?‘™1

Antilog 8 = 10−12 đ?‘™1

8 x 108 = 10−12 l1 = 1 x 10−4 B) Conversation = 40dB đ??ź1

40 = 10 log10 đ??ź0 đ?‘™1

Antilog 4 = 10−12 đ?‘™1

4 x 104 = 10−12 l1 = 1 x 10−8

Total Intensities = (1 đ?‘Ľ 10−4) + ( 1 đ?‘Ľ 10−8 ) = 1 đ?‘Ľ 10−4 đ??ź1

Combined SPL = 10 log10 đ??ź0 1 đ?‘Ľ 10−4

= 10 log10 1 đ?‘Ľ 10−12 =

10 x 8

=

80dB

AcousticStandard ANSI (2008) S12.2-2008 Acoustic must provide a suitable environment within a particular space follow the American National Standard Institute ANSI (2008) S12.2-2008 Criteria for Evaluation Room Noise. Type of interior, task or activity

dB

Small Auditorium (<500 Seats)

35-39

Large Auditorium (>500 Seats)

30-35

Open Plan Classroom

35

Meeting rooms

35-44

Office (Small, Private)

40-48

Corridors

44-53

Courtrooms

39-44

Restaurants

48-52

Shops and Garage

57-67

Circulation Path

48-52

Open Plan office area

35-39

The sound pressure level for a shop is within 57 to 67 dB. However the reverberation time for the ground floor has exceeded the requirement which is 80dB. This is caused by the medium to heavy traffic along Jalan Tun Hs Lee during peak hour. To reduce the noice produce by the street towards the building, airwell is put on the facade of the building which acts as buffer zone. The interior of the building also have some vegetation which acts as mask noises from exterior noise.

2.2 Sound Reduction Index 2.2.1 Yoga Room Sound Reduction Index Transmission Loss Site Noise

80

Required Noise control for workshop

45

Required Transmission Coefficient

45 = 10 log 10

1 �

1

Antilog 4.5 = � T = 3.16 x 10-5

The yoga section consist of a full height louver panels with glass fittings which covers 90.4m² of area. The yoga room consists of a corridor buffer zone before entering the yoga which consists of a total 30m² concrete wall. Element

STC Rating

Area (m2)

Louver Panels with Glass

42

90.4

52

30

Fitting 37.3mm, 1/4" laminate, 1" air, 3/16" outside Wall 8� Dense Concrete Block Wall , two coats of paint to each side

1

Using SRI = 10 log10 �

Wall

Glass Wall

52 = 10 log 10

1 �

1

Antilog 5.2= �

T=

1 1.58 đ?‘Ľ 105

Twall = 6.33 x 10-6

42 = 10 log 10

1 �

1

Antilog 4.2= �

T=

1 1.58 đ?‘Ľ 104

Tglass door = 6.33 x 10-5

Area of wall = 90.4m² + 30m² = 120.4m² đ?‘‡đ?‘Žđ?‘Ł =

Toverall

=

( đ?‘†1đ?‘‡đ?‘?1 + đ?‘†2đ?‘‡đ?‘?2 + ‌ đ?‘†đ?‘›đ?‘‡đ?‘?đ?‘›) đ?‘‡đ?‘œđ?‘Ąđ?‘Žđ?‘™ đ?‘ đ?‘˘đ?‘&#x;đ?‘“đ?‘Žđ?‘?đ?‘’ đ?‘Žđ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘Ž

(90.4x 6.33 x 10−5 )+ (30x 6.33 x 10−6 ) 217

= 2.72 x 10-5

SRIoverall

= 10 log

=10 log

1 �

1 2.72x 10−5

= 45.7dB

Noise Level in the yoga = 80dB – 45.7dB = 34.3dB Therefore the required sound reduction for walls is fulfilled

Reverberation Time Calculation formula:

Reverberation Time (RT) = 0.16V/A Building Elements

Material

Colour

Surface

Area

Texture

(metre)

Absorption Coefficient

Sa

(500 Hz)

Ceiling

Plasterboard

Light Grey

Matte

116.2

0.04

4.65

Floor

Carpet

Dark Brown

Matte

116.2

0.06

6.97

Wall

Concrete

Mild Grey

Matte

73.50

0.04

2.94

Door

Aluminum Framed Glass Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

Window

Aluminum Framed Glass Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

15

0.42

6.30

Human

Per person:

Total Absorption:

RT=

RT=

RT=

21.16

0.16 x V A

0.16 x 385 21.16

2.9s

The Yoga and Aerobics room has the reverberation time of 2.9s which does not meet the recommended standard as it average in the range of 0.8 – 1.0s. This means the reverberation time for the section needs to be reduced by at least 1.9s. Shorter reverberation time is recommended as it can reduce the echo which produces a quieter space in the yoga space. In order to meet the requirement, acoustic panel, drapes, curtains and yoga mats can be added to the space to reduce reverberation time.

2.2.2 Restaurant Sound Reduction Index Transmission Loss Site Noise

80

Required Noise control for workshop

50

Required Transmission Coefficient

50 = 10 log 10

1 �

1

Antilog 5 = � T = 1 x 10-5

The restaurant consists of a full height concrete walls which covers 70m² of area. The office consists of a corridor buffer zone before entering the office which also consists of a total of 64m2 concrete wall.

Element

STC Rating

Area (m2)

Wood Stud

32

70

Interior Partitions 37.3mm, 1/4" laminate, 1" air, 3/16" outside Wall

64

8� Dense Concrete Block Wall , two coats of paint to each side

Using SRI = 10 log 10

1 �

52

Wall

Glass Wall

32 = 10 log 10

1 �

1

Antilog 3.2= �

T=

1 1.58 đ?‘Ľ 105

Twall = 6.13 x 10-4

42 = 10 log 10

1 �

1

Antilog 4.2= �

T=

1 1.58 đ?‘Ľ 104

Tglass door = 6.33 x 10-5

Area of wall = 70m2 + 64m2 = 134M2

��� =

Toverall

=

( đ?‘†1đ?‘‡đ?‘?1 + đ?‘†2đ?‘‡đ?‘?2 + ‌ đ?‘†đ?‘›đ?‘‡đ?‘?đ?‘›) đ?‘‡đ?‘œđ?‘Ąđ?‘Žđ?‘™ đ?‘ đ?‘˘đ?‘&#x;đ?‘“đ?‘Žđ?‘?đ?‘’ đ?‘Žđ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘Ž

(70x 6.13 x 10−4 )+ (64x 6.33 x 10−5 ) 116.5

= 4.15x 10-4

SRIoverall

= 10 log

=10 log

1 �

1 4.15x 10−4

=46.2dB Therefore the required sound reduction for walls is fulfilled

Reverberation Time Calculation formula:

Reverberation Time (RT) = 0.16V/A Building Elements

Material

Colour

Surface

Area

Texture

(metre)

Absorption Coefficient

Sa

(500 Hz)

Ceiling

Plasterboard

Light Grey

Matte

56.4

0.04

2.26

Wall

Concrete

Mild Grey

Matte

64

0.04

2.56

Wall

Wood

Dark

Matte

52.5

0.17

8.92

Door

Aluminum Framed Glass

Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

Window

Aluminum Framed Glass

Transparent Transparent

3.78

0.04

0.15

25

0.42

10.5

Human

Per person:

Total Absorption:

RT=

RT=

RT=

24.54 0.16 x V A

0.16 x 270 24.54

1.76s

The cafe has the reverberation time of 1.76s, which does not meet the recommended standard as it average in the range of 0.8 – 1.0s. This means the reverberation time for the section needs to be reduced by at least 0.76s. Shorter reverberation time is recommended as it can reduce the echo which produces a quieter space in the restautant. In order to meet the requirement, acoustic panel, drapes, curtains and furnitures can be added to the space to reduce reverberation time.

3.0 APPENDIX

MS1525 Lighting Standard

Light Reflectance Table (Source: http://www.lightcalc.com/lighting_info/glossary/glossary.html)

Utilization Factor Table (Source: http://www.lightsbylinea.co.za/media/technical)

Absorption coefficients of common building materials and finishes

Floor materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

carpet

0.01

0.02

0.06

0.15

0.25

0.45

Concrete (unpainted, rough finish)

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Concrete (sealed or painted)

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

Marble or glazed tile

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

Vinyl tile or linoleum on concrete

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

Wood parquet on concrete

0.04

0.04

0.07

0.06

0.06

0.07

Wood flooring on joists

0.15

0.11

0.1

0.07

0.06

0.07

Seating materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Benches (wooden, empty)

0.1

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08

Benches (wooden, 2/3 occupied)

0.37

0.4

0.47

0.53

0.56

0.53

Benches (wooden, fully occupied)

0.5

0.56

0.66

0.76

0.8

0.76

Benches (cushioned seats and backs, empty)

0.32

0.4

0.42

0.44

0.43

0.48

Benches (cushioned seats and backs, 2/3 0.44 occupied)

0.56

0.65

0.72

0.72

0.67

Benches (cushioned seats and backs, fully occupied)

0.5

0.64

0.76

0.86

0.86

0.76

Theater seats (wood, empty)

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.07

0.08

0.08

Theater seats (wood, 2/3 occupied)

0.34

0.21

0.28

0.53

0.56

0.53

Theater seats (wood, fully occupied)

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.76

0.8

0.76

Seats (fabric-upholsterd, empty)

0.49

0.66

0.8

0.88

0.82

0.7

Seats (fabric-upholsterd, fully occupied)

0.6

0.74

0.88

0.96

0.93

0.85

Reflective wall materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Brick (natural)

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.07

Brick (painted)

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

Concrete block (coarse)

0.36

0.44

0.31

0.29

0.39

0.25

Concrete block (painted)

0.1

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.09

0.08

Concrete (poured, rough finish, unpainted)

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Doors (solid wood panels)

0.1

0.07

0.05

0.04

0.04

0.04

Glass (1/4" plate, large pane)

0.18

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.02

Glass (small pane)

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

Plasterboard (12mm (1/2") paneling on studs)

0.29

0.1

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.04

Plaster (gypsum or lime, on masonry)

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Plaster (gypsum or lime, on wood lath)

0.14

0.1

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.04

Plywood (3mm(1/8") paneling over 31.7mm(1-1/4") airspace)

0.15

0.25

0.12

0.08

0.08

0.08

Plywood (3mm(1/8") paneling over 57.1mm( 2-1/4") airspace)

0.28

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.08

0.08

Plywood (5mm(3/16") paneling over 50mm(2") airspace)

0.38

0.24

0.17

0.1

0.08

0.05

Plywood (5mm(3/16") panel, 25mm(1") fiberglass in 50mm(2") airspace)

0.42

0.36

0.19

0.1

0.08

0.05

Plywood (6mm(1/4") paneling, airspace, light bracing)

0.3

0.25

0.15

0.1

0.1

0.1

Plywood (10mm(3/8") paneling, airspace, light bracing)

0.28

0.22

0.17

0.09

0.1

0.11

Plywood (19mm(3/4") paneling, airspace, light bracing)

0.2

0.18

0.15

0.12

0.1

0.1

Absorptive wall materials

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Drapery (10 oz/yd2, 340 g/m2, flat against wall)

0.04

0.05

0.11

0.18

0.3

0.35

Drapery (14 oz/yd2, 476 g/m2, flat against wall)

0.05

0.07

0.13

0.22

0.32

0.35

Drapery (18 oz/yd2, 612 g/m2, flat against wall)

0.05

0.12

0.35

0.48

0.38

0.36

Drapery (14 oz/yd2, 476 g/m2, pleated 50%)

0.07

0.31

0.49

0.75

0.7

0.6

Drapery (18 oz/yd2, 612 g/m2, pleated 50%)

0.14

0.35

0.53

0.75

0.7

0.6

Fiberglass board (25mm(1") thick)

0.06

0.2

0.65

0.9

0.95

0.98

Fiberglass board (50mm(2") thick)

0.18

0.76

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

Fiberglass board (75mm(3") thick)

0.53

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

Fiberglass board (100mm(4") thick)

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.97

Open brick pattern over 75mm(3") fiberglass

0.4

0.65

0.85

0.75

0.65

0.6

Pageboard over 25mm(1") fiberglass board

0.08

0.32

0.99

0.76

0.34

0.12

Pageboard over 50mm(2") fiberglass board

0.26

0.97

0.99

0.66

0.34

0.14

Pageboard over 75mm(3") fiberglass board

0.49

0.99

0.99

0.69

0.37

0.15

Performated metal (13% open, over 50mm(2") fiberglass)

0.25

0.64

0.99

0.97

0.88

0.92

Ceiling material

125 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

4 kHz

Plasterboard (12mm(1/2") in suspended ceiling grid)

0.15

0.11

0.04

0.04

0.07

0.08

Underlay in perforated metal panels (25mm(1") batts)

0.51

0.78

0.57

0.77

0.9

0.79

Metal deck (perforated channels,25mm(1") batts)

0.19

0.69

0.99

0.88

0.52

0.27

Metal deck (perforated channels, 75mm(3") batts)

0.73

0.99

0.99

0.89

0.52

0.31

Plaster (gypsum or lime, on masonary)

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Plaster (gypsum or lime, rough finish or timber lath)

0.14

0.1

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.04

4.0 REFERENCES 1. 4.bp.blogspot.com,. (2014). Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/DYoBRjtL6QI/UBfjPCyF77I/AAAAAAAACV0/-kSq0Sy12CE/s1600/IMG_2878.jpg 2. Exp.rockfon.com,. (2014). Reverberation time | ROCKFON Export | Suspended ceiling and wall solutions. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://exp.rockfon.com/performance/acoustics/what+determines+room+acousticsc7-/reverberation+time 3. Kayelaby.npl.co.uk,. (2014). Building acoustics 2.4.4. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_4/2_4_4.html 4. Paroc.com,. (2014). Sound insulation - Paroc.com. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://www.paroc.com/knowhow/sound/sound-insulation 5. Sae.edu,. (2014). Coefficient Chart. Retrieved 28 June 2014, from http://www.sae.edu/reference_material/pages/Coefficient%20Chart.htm

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