Vidya Magazine 2017 by rkmvc.netcentre

FOREWORD I am very happy to see yet another issue of our Evening College Magazine “Vidya” getting published for the academic year 2016-17. The magazine provides a platform for the students and teachers to come together and exhibit the journey they took together during the year, portray the new scales they ascended together, achievements and other stories that unfolded during the year. So it is a very well cherished treasure for the institute, its teachers and students. Education today is just not about academic degrees. Swami Vivekananda always emphasized on three “H” for taking the thoughts to the appropriate logical actions: - A Heart to feel, a Head to think and a Hand to work out the thoughts to its practical conclusion. A person can be called truly educated if he develops his feelings, makes his thoughts rational and logical and then plans out a proper execution. We, in Vivekananda College, always emphasize our students to achieve a holistic development, a holistic vision of life, so that their education just not remain an effort to earn a degree, but an exercise to shape and place life on solid rock base. This magazine highlights these efforts in a brief synopsis. I pray to the Holy Trio to bless and guide our institution to further heights of success.

With thanks and good wishes, Swami Muktimayananda Incharge, R.K.M. Vivekananda (Evening) College.

43rd COLLEGE DAY ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017

The Management and the Staff of the Evening College take great pleasure in bringing out this Annual Report. Our college offers Ten Under-Graduate and One PostGraduate Programmes to student strength of Two Thousand Two Hundred and Sixty Two. NEW APPOINTMENTS The following are newly appointed teaching staff in this academic year: Mr. R. Jabez in English. Mr. K.S. Kunkuma Balasubramanian in Commerce. Mr. E. Prasath in Banking Management. Mr. N. Kalainesan in Business Administration. Dr. B.N. Suresh Kumar in Information Systems Management. Mr. S. Arul Stephen in Commerce Computer Applications. Mr. T. Perumal in Computer Science. RELIGIOUS CLASSES AND JAYANTHI CELEBRATIONS The prayer meeting for the academic year 2016-17 was inaugurated on 2nd August 2016 coinciding with Swami Ramakrishnananda Jayanthi celebrations. Swami Mahamedhanandaji Maharaj, R.K. Math, Mylapore was the Chief Guest and he advised the students to be disciplined at all times and follow the ideals of Shashi Maharaj. The Holy Mother Sarada Devi Jayanthi celebration was held on 28th December 2016 and Swami Pitambaranandaji Maharaj, Senior Monk of the Ramakrishna Order was the Chief Guest. He vividly spoke on the life and teachings of Holy Mother and also stressed on Sadhana by quoting parallels from the Upanishads. Swami Vivekananda Jayanthi celebration was held on 6th February 2017. Swami Baneshanandaji, President of Vedanta Society of Germany, Berlin, was the Chief Guest. He spoke on the role of 1

youth in building the modern nation and the necessity of following the teachings of great personalities. The Jayanthi celebrations of Sri Ramakrishna was held on 7 th March 2017 and Swami Shashishikananda Maharaj, Director of Vivekananda Cultural Centre, Vivekananda Illam was the Chief Guest. He instructed each one of us to follow the life of Sri Ramakrishna in our everyday life. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA STUDY CIRCLE The classes under Swami Vivekananda Study Circle were started on 9th September 2016. The objective of this study circle is to instill in the minds of the youth the ideas of Swami Vivekananda. The students in large numbers contributed greatly to discussions on various topics of youth development. The members of the staff also shared their views on culture and tradition of our motherland. Special sessions were also organized on Sister Nivedita and The Holy Trinity. CULTURE AND TRADITION CLASSES The sessions for culture and tradition were inaugurated in the month of July 2016. The Evening College In-Charge delivered the inaugural address. He spoke about the ancient culture of our nation and why it is important to remember. A series of lectures were delivered by Mr. P. Manivannan on the following topics: 1. The glories of our civilization. 2. How our culture and tradition protects our environment. 3. The concept of rna-traya i.e. three debts. 4. Implication of Environmental studies in our Puranas and Ancient literature. 5. Concept of BHUKTI and MUKTI. 6. Resemblances of Environment in Ancient literature with modern Environmental studies. jkpo;j;Jiw fhQ;rpGuk; Mrpag; gz;ghl;L Muha;r;rp ikaKk;> rq;fuh fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}upAk; ,ize;J elj;jpa RtNuhtpak; (Mural) Fwpj;j Njrpa mstpyhdg; gapyuq;Fk; fUj;juq;fKk; 2016 nrg;lk;gH 24>25>26 Mfpa %d;W ehs; elj;jg;ngw;wJ. ,jpy; 26.09.16 md;W KidtH kh. nguparhkp mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;L GJikahf;fKk; ghJfhg;Gk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu xd;W 2

toq;fp ciu epfo;j;jpdhH kw;Wk; nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; jkpo;ehL njhopyhsH Nkyhz;ik fy;tpapay; (TILS) vd;Dk; epWtdj;jpy; 08.03.17 Gjd;fpoik ele;j ,yf;fpa tpohtpy; fye;J nfhz;L rpwg;Giu ey;fpdhH. nrd;id vj;jpuh[; fy;Y}upapd; jkpo;j;Jiw rhHgpy; fhe;jp n[ae;jp tpoh 26.09.2016 md;W ele;jJ. mjid Kd;dpl;L ele;j ftpij Nghl;bapy; =. mUzhryk; vd;Dk; tzpftpay; Kjyhkhz;L khztH gq;Nfw;W Kjy; gupirAk; ghul;ilAk; ngw;whH. mjw;Fupa epidTg; gupRk; rhd;wpjOk; mf;NlhgH 2Mk; ehs; milahW fhe;jp kz;lgj;jpy; ele;j muR tpohtpy; khz;gik jkpof nghWg;G MSeH jpU. tpj;jpahrhfH uht; mtHfsplk; ngw;whH. SANSKRIT DEPARTMENT The Evening College Sanskrit Department is persuading to continue to enroll more than 200 students for the Sanskrit f oundation course learning by means of imparting the moral and ethical values of life, by prescribing brief portions from Ancient Sanskrit Literature. A (new edition) text book “Viveka-Bodhini” is prescribed for the I and II year graduate courses. The outcome of teaching Sanskrit, produces maximum percentage of good results in semester examinations. Students too get the benefit of acquiring the true knowledge of the contents of our ancient Sanskrit Literatures. About Faculty 

Dr. K.P. Nandakumar, Assistant Professor, Sanskrit Dept. is delivering lectures based on Hindu Dharma and Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya in Audio-Visual YouTube media.

About Students 

I Year students attended a Sanskrit seminar and competitions conducted by Sri Shankara Arts & Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram.



In Recital competitions conducted by our esteemed Day College Sanskrit Dept., our Evening College students won prizes in Vedic chanting, and Sloka competitions. 3



I and II year Sanskrit students attended the Samskrit Inter collegiate competition, conducted by M.O.P.Vaishnav College for Women, Chennai, and won several prizes.



„Samskrita Bharathi‟, Chennai has conducted three days Sanskrit festival „Samskrita Uthsav‟ and our students won several prizes in Paper Presentation, Quiz and in Classical music.

HINDI DEPARTMENT Five Hindi Students of ISM Department participated in a Rangoli competition and two students from the same department participated in a Poetry Writing Competition called HINDOTSAHAS - 2017 conducted by Hindustan Arts and Science College on February 8. A cash award of Rs.400/- was given for the Rangoli competition. Dr. L. Venkasubramanian, Faculty of Hindi, completed his Master‘s Degree in Sanskrit with first class in April 2016. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE The orientation program was held in the month of July 2016, for the first year students and their parents to give them an idea about the campus, rules and regulations to be followed inside the premises of the college. The Student Association of the Department, „Bourgeon‟ conducted a series of activities, workshops and seminars to supplement and foster academic and co-curricular interests within the students. Inaugural Ceremony of Bourgeon - Student Association of the Department The inaugural ceremony of Bourgeon, the Student Association was conducted in the month of August 2016. The ceremony officially inducted the Office Bearers of the department and marked the commencement of various activities over the course of the year. The event was presided by Shri K.V.S. Murthy, (Retired IPS) formerly Additional Director General of Police, Law and Order, Tamil Nadu.

Career Guidance Workshop The association also organised a Career Guidance Workshop in the month of September 2016, where students were enlightened on the nuances of facing a job interview and how to effectively express oneself whilst participating in a Group Discussion. On the first day, Dr. Rajini Sriraman, India Head Learning and Development of Pfizer India and Mrs.C. Madhumathi, MD of Hand in Hand India Limited chaired an event in which the students were educated as to how job interviews have to be faced. On day two, Shri V. Murali, former Deputy General Manager, Union Bank of India and Mr. K. Sridhar, Retired Manager of IOB presented to the students, a lecture on how to prepare a Resumé. Mr.C. Sundaram, Assistant Vice President at Tech Mahindra informed the students about the importance of IT, on the final day of the workshop. Vivad – The debating society The debating society of the Student Association of the Department, ‗Vivad‘ hosted an Inter-department Debating Contest in the month of January 2017. During the course of the competition, a variety of social, economic and political issues were debated upon. A noted debater and orator Shri C.R. Aditya judged the event. Exuberance The Student Association of the Department conducted an Inter-department Educational Meet, EXUBERANCE. The events that were held under the meet in the month of March 2017 were as follows: 1) Quiz 2) Creative Writing on the life of the Holy Trio 3) Shipwreck 4) Product Packaging 5) Unification 6) Winners event The Department of Corporate Secretaryship won the overall event. 5

Valediction Valediction of the Student Association was held on 13th March 2017. Certificates and Overall Prizes were given away by Mr. Shri K. Senthilnayagam (Senior Vice President and Global Head-Manufacturing and Consumer Vertical, Hexaware Technologies). DEPARTMENT OF CORPORATE SECRETARYSHIP Academic Systems: The department has been constantly metamorphosing itself to suit the needs of the industry. Orientation 2016 The department has conducted the Orientation programme on 13th July, for the advantage of the first year students and their parents. The Department Head narrated the objects and purposes of the course and its contents. He also briefed the rules and regulations pertaining to Continuous Internal Assessment and Semester Exams. Mr. Krish Narayan, practicing Company Secretary and Guest Faculty of the department gave a short speech about career prospects of the course. Alumni of the department shared their experiences. Inauguration: The department inaugurated its association named AZIENTEAS for bringing out the talents of the students. The association was inaugurated by Mr. S. Sridharan, Practicing Company Secretary and Former President of ICSI. In his inaugural speech, he pointed out the prominence of gaining proficient qualification for strengthening the line of business. The Head of the Department welcomed the gathering and the Evening College In-charge gave the Benedictory address. The department conducted the following enlightening events under the banner AZIENTEAS for emerging the abilities of the students. 6

Paper Presentation on GLOBALISATION 25 On 19th September 2016, the department conducted a Paper Presentation competition named GLOBALISATION 25 on the eve of implementation of 25 years on ‗Globalisation‘.

Totally 7 teams were shortlisted for making presentations on

various interesting topics. Practicing Chartered

The presentations were chaired by Mr. Sivakumar,

Accountant & College Committee Treasurer. Dr.

Ramakrishnan, Assistant Professor in Economics, Madras Christian College gave the Rapporteur‘s report. The first prize is secured by Sri. Jeyatheertha (UCRA1614) of first year and Sri Uddav Kamath & Abhishak S positioned with second place. Seminar on GST The department arranged a Students‘ Seminar on Goods and Service Tax – an overview on 29th September 2016. Mr. G. Sriram, Practicing Chartered Accountant delivered a special lecture on the topic “Goods and Service Tax – one nation one tax”. The speaker elaborated on various technical aspects of GST act that helped the audiences for the better understanding of the act. The Secretary of the College gave the Benedictory address, Evening College In-charge and Principal addressed the gathering. The lecture was well time-honoured by the audience. Situation Analysis An event on Case Analysis based on the new concepts in Companies Act 2013. The event was conducted on 23rd February 2017 and moderated by Mr.S. Balasundharam, Divisional Manager – Legal and Secretarial, Wheels India Ltd. Totally Five teams from second and third years participated and made their presentations based on various emerging topics on Companies Act 2013. Mr. Krish Narayan acted as Rapporteur of the session. The views expressed by the experts on the topics discussed in the programme gave clarity and showed light on the new dimension of the topic. One team each from the final and second years secured prizes. AZIENTEAS Premiere League Auction A student programme conducted on 2nd March 2017. The programme was based on the concept of players‘ auction. The Azienteas Premier League, which is set along 7

the lines of an actual IPL auction, was received with great enthusiasm and excitement. A total of 8 teams participated from all the 3 years. Special Lecture on Consumer Protection Act The department arranged a special lecture on “The Consumer Protection Act” rd

on 3 March 2017. Mr. Desikan Balaji, Corporate Law Officer, delivered the lecture. The speaker elaborated various methodological phases and discussed some of the notable case laws that help the audiences for the better thoughtful of the act. Valediction AZIENTEAS the association of the department celebrated the valedictory ceremony on 20th March 2016. The Head of the Department welcomed the gathering, Mr. Viswanath, Company Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer, Sundharam Finance Group delivered the valedictory address and distributed the certificates to the winners of various events conducted throughout the year. Student Achievements The Students of the Department have actively participated and won various Inter-department and Inter-collegiate programmes. Some of those are listed below. 1. First place in “Bizanimus 2016” conducted by AF and BM Departments. 2. First Place in “Vivadh” conducted by Commerce (General) 3. Overall championship in “Yuva Fest” conducted by MSW 4. Overall Runners in “Exuberance” conducted by Commerce (General) 5. Overall Championship in “Banco” conducted by the Department of Bank Management, Ethiraj College. 6. Won Runners-up Trophy in the cultural programmes conducted by WCC and Patrician College of Arts & Science. 7. Positioned in different events conducted by various departments of Ethiraj College. 8. Sri V. Ramkumar Nair (UCRA1457) presented a paper titled “Digital Banking – a leap too long” in the International Conference conducted by Department of Accounting & Finance. The paper got published in e-Journal with ISBN 97881-8209-495-6 by Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited 8

Staff Achievements P. MANIVANNAN - Publications and Participations in Seminar: Attended and presented a paper titled “Customer Satisfaction towards Digital Banking – a study with reference to Perungalathur” in an International Seminar conducted by The Departments of Accounting & Finance and Bank Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College on 21st February 2017.

The paper is

published in e-journal with ISBN 978-81-8209-495-6 by Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited. Publications in academic journals:

a) Published an article titled “ABSENTEEISM OF EMPLOYEES IN IT SECTOR (A study with reference to Chennai City)” with ISSN 2277-8160 in a listed and indexed journal named Global Journal for Research Analysis, Volume No:4 , Issue No:2, February 2017.

b) Published an article titled “PLASTIC MONEY – an opportunity or threat” with ISSN 2250-1991 in a listed and indexed journal named Paripex-Indian Journal of Research, Volume No:6, Issue No:3, March 2017.

c) Published an article titled “Evolution of Credit Card – a study” with ISSN 2249-555X in a listed and indexed journal named Indian Journal of Applied Research, Volume No:7, Issue No:4, April 2017.

d) Published an article titled “Usage of Digital Banking – a study with reference to Perungalathur” with ISSN 2229-4104 in a listed and indexed journal named Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management, Volume No:8, Issue No:3, March 2017.

e) Published an article in Tamil titled “ஆதலால் (சு) வாசிப ாம்” with ISSN 2349-1914 in a Journal named டுபே இதழ் December 2016.

Volume No: 3, Issue No: 12,

f) Published an article in Tamil titled “நம்மை நாம் அறிபவாம்” with ISSN 23491914 in a Journal named டுபே இதழ் Volume No: 4, Issue No: 3, March 2017. Mr. Krish Narayan, Practicing Company Secretary and Visiting faculty of the department got Fellowship in Institute of Company Secretaries of India. 9

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FRESHERS

ORIENTATION

INAUGURATION

DEPARTMENT

ACTIVITIES The Department organized an Orientation program for the first year students and their parents on 11.07.2016. An overview of the B.B.A. program was spread out to the parents along with the various activities that the students will be involved over the course of their education in the college. The student association of our department, known as ARISTON was inaugurated on 11.08.2016 by Mr. C.K. Ranganathan, the Chairman & Managing Director of CAVINKARE. The student office bearers were formally installed for the year, marking the beginning of the various activities to be organized over the year. DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS QUADSTORM is a series of several competitive events organized exclusively for our department students. The students of the department are divided into 4 teams namely Taylor, Fayol, Drucker and Maslow. The students competed in various events that test their creativity, smartness, spontaneity, knowledge, etc. The events include Quiz, Debate, Rural Marketing, Brainstormer, and Business Plan. The events were conducted during the month of August and September. Team Taylor won the Overall Trophy. C.R. Shivaraam of III B.B.A. was adjudged the QuadStormer of the year. BEST MANAGER is the marquee event organized by the Department student association which moulds and taps the best managerial potential out of every participant. This event specifically concentrates on making you the best manager and trains you to become one. This year the event had 9 participants in a total of 10 events. It is a series of various events organized over the entire year. The participants were tested on various divergent aspects of management like strategy management, time management, financial management, creativity and innovation, etc. Aritra Saha of I BBA eventually won the most coveted Best Manager title for the year.

CORRIDOR OF UNCERTAINTY, the Inter-Department Cricket quiz was held on 9th of February, 2017. The 6th Edition had 107 enthusiastic teams from 8 departments of the college. The top 6 teams qualified for the finals were from B.Com. (A&F), B. Com. (General), B.Com. (C.S.) and B.B.A. The Final was held in Obul Reddy Auditorium with 6 enthralling rounds. The quiz masters were Samruddh Bhat of II B.B.A. and G. S. Srihari of II B.B.A. It was a close contest and was eventually won by Abhishek Sreedhar and C.H. Krishnan from B.B.A. The runners up were Uddhav Kamath and Ramkumar V. from B.Com. (C.S.). ARISTON FORUM is a student forum to discuss contemporary developments in Management. The Department organised a Seminar on Business Plan and a Case Study in Marketing. Mr. Aravind Natrajan, an Alumnus of our department (2013-2016) delivered a resourceful talk about the long and short of a business plan. Being a Chartered Accountant student, he also has a keen grasp on the financial aspects of business and showered light on that aspect of business very intently. The seminar was very purposeful and eventful as the gathering was fully enlightened on the do's and donâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ts of a business plan. Mr. S. Ashwin Kumar, the Marketing Head, NAC Jewellers and also our own department alumnus (2004 - 2007) enlightened us on the marketing strategy of the jewellery industry. He shared his experience and expertise as a marketing professional and gave the students a lot of real life examples and how he tackled them. He also discussed about the marketing activities of NAC Jewellers including their branding initiatives and sales promotional campaign. This helped the students in realising when to capitalize and where to capitalize in the market. It was a very informative session and the participants gave a positive feedback to the program. There were enthusiastic participants from other departments including computer science. ARISTON PREMIER LEAGUE - Season 4 The Season 4 of A.P.L. was organized during the month of January & February 2017 between the 4 franchises Blue Blasters, Yellow Sharks, Orange Phoenix and Red 11

Patriots. It is an informal cricket competition involving our boys where the selection of captain and the players of the various teams are picked on a simulated auction system. The Blue Blasters emerged as the emphatic winners. Angu Selvam of I BBA won the Orange Cap for scoring 151 runs in 6 matches and T. Harish won the Purple Cap for picking 18 wickets in 7 matches. STUDENTSâ&#x20AC;&#x; ACHIEVEMENTS IN ACADEMICS S. Nitin, R. Sriyans, R. Adithya and Dhanush Suresh have passed their C.A. Common Proficiency Test. Jash N. Bavishi, Chirayu and K.Vikash have passed their C.S. Foundation Examination. Vijay Adithya has passed Both Groups of CA-IPCC in his very first attempt in November 2016. STUDENTSâ&#x20AC;&#x; ACHIEVEMENTS IN Co & Extra-Curricular Activities Our students took part in several Inter-College Events and won Overall Trophy at DENARIUS 2k17 organised by the Loyola College. Aravind Sriraman (I B.B.A.) won the Paper Presentation event held at DG Vaishnav - SYNERGY & the Branding event held at WCC - Youth Leadership Summit. Sidesh Nair (II B.B.A.), a member of the Madras Boat Club team, won the Deepam trophy for Overall Winners, at the 77th Madras - Colombo Regatta held at Sri Lanka in June 2016. He represented Madras Boat Club at the 75th ARAE- FEARE International Regatta held at Madras Boat Club, Chennai and reached the Semi - Finals stage. He has been selected to represent Tamil Nadu in the upcoming National Championship to be held in June 2017. VALEDICTORY PROGRAM The activities of the student association got wrapped up on March 14, 2017 and culminated in the Valedictory program. The winners of various events were awarded certificates and prizes. Mr. Anand Kankaria, Sales Head, Tata Steel Limited, delivered the Valedictory Address and gave away the prizes.

DEPARTMENTS OF ACCOUNTING & FINANCE AND BANK MANAGEMENT The orientation programme was conducted for the I year students on 18th July 2016. The Student Association – Confluence, was formally inaugurated for the academic year 2016 – 2017 on 1st August 2016. Mr. Ramesh Shankar, HR Manager, RR Donnelley was the Chief Guest. On 2nd August 2016, the students of the departments paid tribute to the senior citizens by spending a whole day in Vishranthi, the old age home for destitute women. They served food and entertained them by their musical performance and poetry. The annual H.R. Workshop was organised by the departments by inviting H.R. Personnel from various companies to train its final year students from 3rd to 9th August 2016. Mr. Rathinavelrajan, Head – HR, Ball Beverage Packing India, Mr. Badrinath, Senior Manager, Mr. S. Rangarajan, Senior Manager, MMC Infotech, Mr. Mohana Krishna, Head – HR, Taj Vivanta, Mr. Desikamani Gopaladesikan, Learning Management Specialist, were the Guests and Trainers. The new entrepreneurial model, BIZANIMUS – to awake the entrepreneurial skills of the individuals, was a two day workshop conducted on 21st and 22nd September 2016. Mr. Vikas Arya, Co-Founder of Values India, Tapas India Foundation, Mr. K. Vivekanandan, Regional Sales and Marketing Manager, Savera Hotel, CA. M. Nanda Kumar, Deputy Circle Head, Punjab National Bank, Mylapore Branch, J. Raghunathan, Chairman, Export Committee, Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Mr. Hari Prasad, Founder and Chairman, BREEZE, Iyyappathangal, Mr. R. Anand Babu, Chief Manager, Indian Bank, Mylapore Branch, Mr. Shravan Gattupalli, Partner of G. Badri Narayana & Co., Mr. Umesh Vaidyanathan, Founder - Idlies, Nesapakkam, were the moderators for the start up presentations of participant teams. On 21st February 2017, an International Conference on ―Building a Digital Nation: Problems and Prospects‖ was organised. Dr. M.P.P. Dharmadasa, Head, Department of International Business, Faculty of Management And Finance, 13

University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Mr. Pawan Krishna Shrestha, Sr. Engineering Manager, Verisk Information Technologies, Kathmandu, Nepal, Ms. Vanita Ponnusamy, Assistant Professor of Organisational Management, Nottingham University, Malaysia, Dr. T. R. Gopalakrishnan, Co-ordinator, Centre for eLearning, Pan African e-Network and Virtual Learning, University of Madras, were the Chairpersons for the technical sessions. Swami Baneshanandaji Maharaj, Head, Vedanta Centre, Germany was the Chief Guest of the Inaugural Function and Mr. E. B. Chindhan, General Manager, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Department of Banking Supervision, was the Chief Guest for the Valedictory Session. The departmentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; staff, Mr. J. Shyam Sundar, Mr. N. Vikram, Mr. E. Prasath cleared the State Eligibility Test for Lectureship conducted by the Mother Teresa University. From 1st March 2017 to 4th March 2017, the Inter-house competitions were conducted. Our college alumni were the judges for the various events like, meeting the Devilâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Advocate, Best Manager, Stockwars, Adzap, Business Quiz, Shipwreck and Potpourri. On 21st March 2017, the departments organised the Valedictory session of the Student Organisation and declared dissolution. Mr. P. K. Ranganathan, Chief Financial Officer of Ashok Leyland was the Chief Guest and Mr. S. Raja, Chief General Manager and Banking Ombudsman, Reserve Bank of India, was the Guest of Honour. The prize winners and the Overall Winners of the Inter-house competitions received the prizes and trophy from the guests. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Freshers' Orientation Programme Every year the department organizes an orientation programme for the newly admitted First Year students. In this academic year, it was organised on 15th July 2016. Various inputs regarding curriculum, examination, code of conduct, attendance were provided to the students.

Inauguration of the Student Association On 19th August 2016, Mr. Surendra Kumar Sipani, Head of Finance (FMCG), ITC Limited inaugurated the Student Association of the department VIVEGAM. He also addressed the students and interacted with them at the event. Board of Studies A Board of Studies meeting was convened on 16th March 2017 with the agenda of upgrading the syllabi and auditing the entire course curriculum. Valedictory The department organised Valedictory Programme for the Third batch students on 22 March 2017. Mr. John Stephen, Head - Human Resource at ITC Limited was invited as Chief Guest for the programme. Final year student R. Srinidheesh highlighted the activities and achievements of the students with the help of a video presentation. The Chief Guest along with the Evening College In-charge distributed the prizes for academic and sports proficiency. nd

FACULTY ACTIVITIES Dr. M. Ramesh Qualified in the Tamil Nadu State Eligibility Test (TNSET 2016) conducted by Mother Teresa University, Kodaikanal. Mr. N. Senthil Kumar 

Participated in a National level workshop on ―Data Analysis and Interpretation Using SPSS and AMOS‖ from 29th September 2016 to 1st October 2016 at Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.



Presented a paper entitled, ‗‗Understanding the Change Management in the Information Technology Services Industry‘‘, at the Multidisciplinary National Conference on ―Research in Present Scenario‖, held on 27 January 2017, organised by Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam.



Attended a UGC sponsored National Level Seminar on ―Total Quality Management in Higher Education‖, during 23rd & 24th February 2017 at Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women, Madurai. 15

STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS The students are encouraged to participate in various Inter-collegiate competitions. The following are some of the highlights: Final year student N. Deepak Darshan won the Table Tennis title in the ‗Tournaments and Sports Committee ‗B‘ Zone-Men‘ conducted by University of Madras. He also secured Second place in Table Tennis in the Sportfest 2016 held at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras. DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Inauguration of the Student Association The student Association of the department known as ―EMERSON” was inaugurated on 26th August 2016. Mr. Sakthivel Manickavasagam, MBA (Senior Business Relationship Manager, India Operations) was the Chief Guest. Department Activities The Department organized a seminar on “Emerging trends and Future trends in

Information

Systems

Management”

Friday 9th September 2016.

Mr. Ayappan Ramamurthy, (CEO – ABSOTHERM GROUP, INDIA) was the Chief Guest of the Day. The Department organized a seminar on “Managing Information as a Strategic Management” on 23rd September 2016. Dr. R. Subramanian – CEO, Mindsbiz, was the Chief Guest of the day. The

Department

organized

Lecture

“Pre

Placement

Talk”.

Mr. R. Sudharsan (Audit Assistant – Deloitte, Hyderabad) was the Chief Guest of the day. Student Achievements The Department Students participated and presented papers in International and National Conferences conducted by various Colleges like SRM, St. Joseph‘s College, Anna University, Loyola College, Asan Institute of Management, Ethiraj College, etc. 16

Srivatsan of II Year has won the Second place in cultural competition ―POTPOURI‖ conducted by Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai. Srivatsan and Hiranmoy Bose, of the II Year presented a paper in an InterCollege Meet conducted by St. Joesph‟s College of Arts and Science, Chennai and won the I Prize. Venkatakrishna, Srivatsan, Hiranmoy Bose and Sri Krishna, of III and II Year participated and won the II Place, in ―Mad Over Marketing‖ conducted by Anna University Kurukshetra 2017 from 15th to 18th February 2017 by received Cash Prize of Rs.6000/- . Students from all the three years participated and won in Various events in ―Denarius 2017‖ conducted by Loyola College, Chennai. Students from all the three years participated and won in Various events in ―Magma 2017‖ conducted by Asan Institute of Management, Chennai and also won the Cash Prize. Srivatsan and Hiranmoy Bose, of the II Year won the I prize in Best Manager Event conducted by Hindustan College of Arts And Science, Chennai. Shanmugavelan, Prasana R., Sivasankaran G.R., Praveen G. and Sharan Chandar G.S. won the II prize in “Rangoli Event” conducted by Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Chennai. Valedictory Function The Valedictory Address was delivered by CA J. Raghunathan, Chairman – Madras Chamber of Commerce & Industry who also gave away the certificates and mementoes to the winners of various events. DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE INAUGURAL FUNCTION The Students‘ Association of Computer Science Deptartment ZENITH was inaugurated on 23rd August 2016. The Benedictory Address was given by 17

Swami Muktimayananda Maharaj, Evening College In-charge. The Inaugural Address was given by Dr.K. Sathyanarayana, Principal, Sindhi College of Arts and Science, Chennai. Dr. S. Swaminathan, former Principal & Director of Internet Centre was also present in the function. SEMINARS S. No. 1

Chief Guest

Mr. K. Subramanian

Mr.P. Saravanan

Designation Faculty, JS Institute of Banking, Chennai Regional Manager, NIIT (Tamilnadu, Kerala)

Topic

Date

Digital Payment

22/2/2017

Systems Android

2 /3/2017

ORIENTATION Orientation program was conducted for the freshers of BCA and B.Sc. (CS) along with their parents on 1st of July 2016. Benedictory Address was given by Evening College In-Charge Maharaj. Head of Computer Science Dept. and Faculty members addressed the gathering and stressed various things to be strictly adhered by the students such as code of conduct, attendance and participation in various self progressing activities. This event also ensures the parentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; understanding about the norms and standards of the institution. PAPER PRESENTATION COMPETITION The First Intra-departmental Paper Presentation Competition was conducted on 7-9-16. Prof. P. Malaiarasu, Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science, Rajeswari Vedachalam Govt. Arts College, Chengalpattu was the evaluator. TWELVE students presented papers on various emerging topics. RAM PRAKASH from II B.Sc. (CS) got the First prize and SAI SANKAR from I B.Sc. (CS) took the Second prize. 18

S. No.

Student Name

Dept. No.

Class

Paper Topic

Aadharsh Srinivas

UCAA1612

I BCA

Artificial Intelligence & Gaming

P. Hari

UCAA1627

I BCA

E-Election

Prasanna

UCSA1629

I B.Sc. (CS)

Big Data

K. Elamaran

UCSA1614

I B.Sc. (CS)

Android

Ram Prakash

UCSA1528

II B.Sc. (CS)

5-Pen P.C

Harshavardhan

UCSA1533

II B.Sc. (CS)

Cloud Computing

Sundarram

UCAA1419

III BCA

Wi-Fi

Kishore S.

UCAA1644

I BCA

E-Shopping

Om Jaya Akash

UCSA1651

I B.Sc. (CS)

Hyper Threading

Sai Shankar

UCSA1646

I B.Sc. (CS)

Li-Fi

Ajay C.S.

UCAA1609

I BCA

Cloud Computing

Anand G.

UCSA1649

I B.Sc. (CS)

Game Development

The Second Intra-departmental Paper Presentation Competition was conducted on 15-09-16. Prof. G. Sreeram, Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science, Dr. MGR University, Chennai was the evaluator. Eight students presented their papers on various topics. SUNIL from I BCA got the First prize and SRI HARI from I B.Sc. (CS) stood Second.

S.No. 1

Student Name L. Sri Hari

Dept. No. UCSA1615

Class I B.Sc. (CS)

R. Surya

UCSA1622

I B.Sc. (CS)

3 4 5 6

S. Sri Ragavendra Suraj Sunil Bharani

UCAA1622 UCAA1625 UCAA1628 UCAA1616

I BCA I BCA I BCA I BCA

S. Vijay Kumar

UCSA1506

II B.Sc. (CS)

S. Hari Babu

UCSA1430

III B.Sc. (CS)

Paper Topic Kali Linux Augmented & Virtual Reality Ethical Hacking Blue Brain Augmented Reality Firewall Uses of Computer in Medical Field Android vs IOS vs Windows

QUIZ COMPETITION The Department conducted the Intra-departmental Quiz Competition on 3108-2016. Sri S. Perumal, Head of Computer Science Dept., Vels University, Pallavaram was the judge for the programme. Four teams participated in the programme. The winner was II BCA and the runner was II B.Sc. (CS). S. No.

Team Name

Student Name V. Surya P. Hari S.V. Sunil Srivatsav A. Naresh R. Surya V. Pavan Kalyan P.R. Jayanth R. Harish S. Manoj Vijaya Kumar S. Ram Prakash M. Harshawardhan

Dept. No. UCAA1626 UCAA1627 UCAA1628 UCSA1619 UCSA1622 UCSA1630 UCAA1502 UCAA1542 UCAA1549 UCSA1506 UCSA1528 UCSA1533

Class I BCA

I B.Sc. (CS)

II BCA

II B.Sc. (CS)

STAFF ACHIEVEMENTS 

Sri P. Ramachandran completed his Ph.D.



Sri T. Perumal completed his M.Phil. Degree Course in Computer Science.



Sri T. Perumal published a research paper on the topic “Interaction through Online forum and its Analytical Study using Text Mining” in Asian Journal of Applied Sciences. 20

STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS The Department always motivates and facilitates the students to participate in Inter-collegiate competitions conducted by various Arts and Science Colleges as well as Engineering Colleges such as Velâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s University, Stella Maris College, KCS Kasi Nadar College, Meenakshi Engineering College and J.H.A. Agarsen College. The Students of Computer Science Department have brought laurel and won prizes in the following events. S. No.

Dept. No.

UCAA1401

K. Ponkumar

UCAA1428

S. Santhosh Kumar

UCAA1408

R. Sridhar

UCAA1433

S. Shriram

UCAA1401

K. Ponkumar

UCAA1433

S. Shriram

UCAA1412

Student Name

Class

College

Competition

Prize

III BCA

Vels University

Debugging

II Prize

III BCA

Vels University

Posterize

II Prize

III BCA

KCS Kasi Nadar College

ADZAP

II Prize

S. Vignesh

III BCA

KCS Kasi Nadar College

Quiz

I Prize

UCAA1414

R. Sundhara Murali

III BCA

KCS Kasi Nadar College

Programming

I Prize

UCAA1433

S. Shriram

UCAA1450

I. Bharat Kumar

III BCA

Stella Maris College

Posterize

I Prize

UCSA1429

D. Nirmal Prabhu

III B.Sc. (CS)

J.H.A. Agarsen College

Gaming (NFS)

I Prize

UCSA1431

D. Arun

UCSA1435

A. Ajith Kumar

III B.Sc. (CS)

J.H.A. Agarsen College

Connection

I Prize

UCSA1429

D. Nirmal Prabhu

III B.Sc. (CS)

Meenakshi Engg. College

Gaming (NFS)

I Prize

UCSA1430

S. Hari Babu

UCSA1413

J. Shankara Narayanan

III B.Sc. (CS)

Vels University

Paper Presentation

II Prize

UCSA1406

K. Vishnu

UCSA1443

C. Vikash Kumar

III B.Sc. (CS)

Vels University

Gaming (NFS)

III Prize

In-door and Out-door Sports The Department encourages students to keep their foot beyond curriculum to be specifically in sports. The following table shows the students those who have kept their place high in sports activities conducted at the department level. S. No. 1 2

Class

In-door Sport

Prize

UCAA1442

Student Name Sai Raj

III BCA

Carrom

I Prize

UCAA1444

B. Sai Ganesh

III BCA

Carrom

I Prize

Dept. No.

The following table shows the detail of a student who is keeping his place at the State level and Premier league matches. S. No.

Dept. No.

Student Name

Class

Out-door Sport

UCAA1451

Sai Kishore

III BCA

Cricket (State level) and TNPL

VALEDICTORY FUNCTION The Valedictory function was organized to mark the fruitful closure of the Association activities for the academic year (2016 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2017). Valedictory function was held on 16th March 2017 in Obul Reddy Auditorium. Dr. R. Prabakaran, Principal, Arignar Anna Institute of Management Studies, was the Chief Guest who felicitated the students for their prosperous career. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK The Academic year started on 16th June 2016 for the II MSW and the First year classes commenced on 22nd July 2016 with the Orientation programme about the profession and a warm welcome party to the students. The department organized various Workshops, such as Personality Development and Motivation and Assertiveness on 8th September 2016, Leadership Styles and Team Building and Communication Skills on 9th September 2016, Workshop on Interpersonal relationship on 10th September 2016. 22

I MSW Students met Dr. K. Shanmugavelayudham, Social Work Professor (Retired), Loyola College, and Director of For You Child, Mr. Bhavic, Sr. Specialist – HR, Sutherland, Industrial Estate, Perungudi, Chennai – 96, and Dr. Devi, Principal, Spastics Society of Tamilnadu (SPASTN), Taramani, Chennai – 113 to understand the reality of Social Work in the practical field. The first year students were taken to the observation visits to the Governmental and Non-Governmental organisations working for Women, Children, Mental Health, etc. and the the Process Industries during the month of August and September 2016. The 10 visits aimed to give holistic exposure on the profession platforms.

24th

The II MSW Students made their ―Study Tour‖ to Delhi for 9 days from 15th to September 2016. The Study tour aimed for National level exposure in the

profession by the visit to International Labour Organization (ILO), Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB), Mother Dairy, National Institute of Social Defense (NISD) and also visited Rashtrapati Bhavan and Parliament. The I MSW Students made their ―Rural Camp‖ at Hasanur Village, Sathyamangalam Block, Erode District, from 19th to 27th January 2017. The Camp is aimed to impart knowledge on Social, Economic life style of Rural and Tribal people of Tamil Nadu. The field level workshops have been organized on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Tribal Demographic Patterns and Rural Community Schemes, etc. The students made their field practices such as strengthening the school management committee, Socio economic survey, street theater, awareness campaign (health education, problems of alcohol and drugs, Child marriage, importance of education, motivation to school students etc.), Sports meet for children, screening documentary film and saplings were distributed to the people. Yuva Fest 2017 was organized on March 10, 2017 at Inter-college level. The subject of the programmes are aimed to instill the social consciousness among the students. Mrs. Revathy, Deputy Director, Social Welfare Department, Chennai presided over the function.

STUDENTS‟ ACHIEVEMENTS 

S. Venkatesh organized a programme on Mental Retardation and Prevention for public at Jeeva Park, T. Nagar on 4th March 2017.



K. Subash organized a Skin screening camp at Boys Observation Home from the age group of 8 to 18 years for the inmates on 7th March 2017.



M. Arun Kumar organized an awareness programme on Importance of Cleanliness, Health and Hygiene for slum dwellers at ICDS Ground, Ashok Nagar 2nd Avenue, Pudhur on 8th March 2017.



D. Praneshkumar organized a Programme on Motivation and Importance of Education at Government Higher Secondary School, Madhavaram on 08.03.2017



J. Parameshwaran organized an awareness programme on good touch and bad touch at Government Aadhidravidar Welfare Boys Higher Secondary School, Kanigapuram, Chennai on 15th March 2017.



R.P. Srikanth organized an awareness programme about Health and Hygiene for slum dwellers at Gudupakkam Housing Board on 15th February 2017.



K. Chandra Prakash organized an awareness programme on Women Empowerment at Karunalaya Social Service Society on 16th March 2017.



S. Balaji organized an awareness programme on Mental Health for public at Anna Tower Park, Annanagar, on 18th March 2017.



Edison organized a General Medical Camp at Spastics Society of Tamil Nadu, Tharamani on 22nd March 2017.



N. Subash organized an awareness programme on Child Abuse at Arignar Anna Higher Secondary School for Girls, Poonamalle, on 22nd March 2017.



Mr.T. Nagarajan and Mr.V. Makesh participated in Exploria 2017 organized by Department of Social Work, Loyola College. Mr. T. Nagarajan won the 2nd place in Photography and Mr.V. Makesh won the 2nd place in Creative Writing. 24

Our I Year Students participated in Two days Workshop on Youth participation for Social Harmony through Social Legislations organized jointly by the Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development and Madras School of Social Work on 17th and 18th February 2017. STAFF ACHIEVEMENTS Dr. S. Paramesvaran, published a research paper on Job Stress and Coping Strategies of Employees, in International Journal of Management and Science, Vol – 1, March 2017, Page 96- 104. (ISSN No. 2249 – 1260, online ISSN 2250 – 1819). Dr. L. Babu, published a research paper on Study on Role of Technology in Human Resource Practice in and around North Chennai, in International Journal of Management and Science, Vol – 1, March 2017, Page 96 - 104. (ISSN No. 2249 – 1260, online ISSN 2250 – 1819). Mr. V. Venkatesh participated in a National Workshop on Advance Research Methodology, organized by Madras School of Social Work on 24th and 25th March 2017. Dr. S. Paramesvaran is an M.Phil. External Examiner for Bharathiar University, Coimbatore and Question Paper Setter for Bharathidasan University, Trichy and Alagappa University. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Our college has a major share in the University of Madras Sports Discipline. This year our college has 6 University representations in different disciplines and 6 students have represented the Tamilnadu State. ATHLETICS S. Harish of III BBA secured Silver Medal in 100 mts., in the Madras University B – Zone Athletic Meet conducted by Madras University B - Zone Convener from 13th to 15th December 2016 at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.

BADMINTON Our college was the Runner up in the University of Madras B â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Zone Badminton Tournament conducted by Madras Christian College on 3rd August 2016. Our college Badminton team secured the Second place in the IIT Madras State Level Inter Collegiate Badminton Tournament conducted by IIT Madras held from 24th to 30th September 2016. BALLBADMINTON The college Ball Badminton team secured the First place in the BERTRAM South India State Level Ball Badminton Tournament conducted by Loyola College on 26th August 2016. Winners of the University of Madras B-Zone (men) Inter-collegiate Ball Badminton Tournament conducted by Thiruthangal Nadar College on 12th September 2016. BASKETBALL The college Basketball team secured the Third place in the IIT Madras State Level Inter Collegiate Basketball Tournament conducted by IIT Madras from 24th to 30th September 2016. CHESS B. Kumaran B.Com. (A&F) secured First place in the BERTRAM south India state level Chess tournament conducted by Loyola College held on 26th August 2016. B. Kumaran B.Com. (A&F) represented University of Madras in the All India Inter University Chess Tournament conducted by VELTECH University from 10th to 14th November 2016. CRICKET Winners of the University of Madras (B-Zone) Inter-Collegiate Cricket Tournament conducted by our College on 31st August 2016. 26

Runners up in the BUCK Memorial Inter-Collegiate Cricket Tournament conducted by YMCA College of Physical Education from 4th to 11th August 2016. Runners up in the SSCA Inter-Collegiate T20 Cricket Tournament conducted by SS Cricket Academy from 26th to 30th Jan 2017. G.V. Vignesh of III B.B.A. and K. Saikishore of III B.C.A. and Samruth Bhat of II B.B.A represented the University of Madras Cricket team in the All India Inter University South Zone Tournament conducted by Hindustan University from 3rd to 11th Jan 2017. U. Mukilesh and Jaganath Srinivas of I B.Sc. (CS) represented Tamilnadu Under -19 Cricket team 2016-2017. K. Saikishore of III B.C.A. was Selected for Tamilnadu Ranji Team One Day Tournament in the All India Ranji Trophy Cricket Tournament 2016-2017. KHO-KHO Runners up in the University of Madras (B- Zone) Kho-Kho Tournament conducted by Sindhi College on 6th September 2016. G.S. Sreeram of III B.B.A. represented the University of Madras Kho Kho team in the All India Inter University South Zone Kho Kho Tournament conducted by Mangalore University from 10th to 14th Jan. 2017. The college Kho Kho team secured Third place in the 11th Muthaiah Kumararaja Chettinad Memorial Gold Cup State Level Inter Collegiate Kho-Kho Tournament conducted by Kumara Rani Meena Muthaiah College from 14th to 16th October 2016. TABLE TENNIS Winners in the University of Madras B-Zone Inter-collegiate Table Tennis Tournament conducted by Thiruthangal Nadar College on 1st August 2016. Sachin Hemanth of I B.Com. A&F and M. Abilash I B.Com. represented the University of Madras Table Tennis team in the All India Inter University South Zone Table Tennis Tournament conducted by Anna University from 24th to 27th Dec. 2016. 27

The college Table Tennis team secured Second place in the IIT Madras State Level Inter Collegiate Table Tennis Tournament conducted by IIT Madras from 24th to 30th September 2016. TENNIS Runners up in the University of Madras (B-Zone) Tennis Tournament conducted by D.G. Vaishnav College on 24th September 2016. The college Tennis team secured Third place in the IIT Madras State Level Inter Collegiate Tennis Tournament conducted by IIT Madras from 24th to 30th September 2016. VOLLEYBALL Runners up in the University of Madras (B-Zone) Volleyball Tournament conducted by Madras Christian College on 24th August 2016. NATIONAL CADET CORPS Our NCC unit secured excellent results in the ‗B‘ and ‗C‘ Certificate Examinations. We utilized 87 Camp vacancies for the camps organized at both State and National level. Sgt. Murthy participated in the prestigious Advanced Mountaineering Camp at Kulu Manali. Cpl. Vishnu Teja participated in the SSB Camp held at Indian Military Academy Camp. Cdt. Prasanna led the NCC Contingent at the Republic Day Celebrations Parade held at Marina, and Cdt. Sesh Prasad guided the Contingent as Right Marker. Ten Cadets participated in the Army Attachment Camp at Hyderabad. CSUO Devaprakash and CUO Saravanan performed the roles of Camp Senior and Company Senior respectively. Thirty cadets visited Indian Naval Ship Virat and Fifty Cadets attended Yoga Camp at Loyola College. Former Cadet of Viveka NCC, Captain Ashik MB serving with 5 Gorkha Regiment was awarded with a gallantry award, Shaurya Chakra on the Republic Day. We hope many get inspired by the achievement of Captain Ashik to join the Armed Forces and serve the nation with pride.

NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME Our NSS Students attended the following events:  Yoga Day on June 21st at YMCA Nandanam.  AIM survey on July 24th and A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Day on July 27th at Anna Park, Kodambakam.  Shine Child and Women Welfare Trust - Walkathon on July 31st at Marina Beach.  Independence Day Celebration on August 15th at Kodambakkam.  TRINGA – a tri colour event on August 22nd in University of Madras.  AMMA SPORTS FOUNDATION on August 30th University of Madras.  Eye Donation Awareness Walkathon conducted by Rajan Eye Care and Shankara Nethralaya Eye Donation Awareness Walkathon on September 4th and 8th respectively at Marina Beach.  B. Saravanan of II B.Sc. Computer Science is the only NSS student selected among all the colleges in the city to participate in the Tamil Nadu State NSS Republic Day Ceremonial March Past held on January 26th from the Chennai District.  In connection with Swami Vivekananda Birth Anniversary and 150th Birth Anniversary of Sister Nivedita, a Mega Blood Donation Camp was conducted in our College on February 1st & 2nd. The total Units of the Blood donated by our students was 1508.  A Leprosy Awareness Programme was held in our College on February 14th. Our College Students attended the programme and gained knowledge.  State Level Sports Meet for Differently Able People was held in SDAT Nehru Park Sports Complex, Chennai on February 18th. Our Students participated and had been helpful to them throughout the programme. 29

ROTARACT CLUB The Rotaract Club of our College since the beginning of the academic year has been executing innovative projects that has made the club one of the elite clubs of the District RID 3230. Highly recognised by the top officials of both Rotaract and Rotary, the club remains till date the most active Rotaract Club in the District and has been raising the bars year after year. Some of the highly recognised projects are: 

Enlighten - a project about sustainability with a focus on solar energy. This was the first project of the club and it was done in collaboration with Asia Society for Social Improvement and Sustainable transformation. As the result of this project we are working towards the solar electrification of a local underprivileged school in Cuddalore.



The club was officially installed on July 28th where all the Office Bearers took charge of their posts officially.



The club co-hosted the district event, Rotaract Youth Leadership Awards, a three day Leadership Camp and the Club President, Mr. Prajwel Karuna was the Secretary of this project.



The club‘s keystone project Kallaladhu Ulagalavu (KU-49) was organised as a 49 session project in 23 schools where the students from under-privileged background were persuaded to be more confident and were taught life skills. This project was nominated for Rotary International Award.



The Rotaractors engaged themselves in a lot of Community Service Projects like helping the under-privileged kids of the Cuddalore schools, tree plantation drive after the Vardha storm, and Make a wish – a project on fulfilling the wishes of people in old age homes.



The trademark project Pasitheerpom which involves donating rice and pulses to orphanages and the needy has been going on with a great pace.



The most talked about project of the year so far has been 3230 project where we completed 32 projects in 30 hours across all the four service areas. 30



The International Service project called ‗jillu‘ won the best project award at the Group Rotaract Meet.



The most anticipated sports competition of Rotaract, Vivekananda Premier League in its 4th year was successfully completed.



The club organised the first of its kind project that has never been done before in Rotaract. Rotaract Leadership Consortium with participation from 30 colleges with a panel of esteemed Rotarians. Mr. Sylendra Babu, IPS is the Keynote Speaker of the day and the event was closely watched with great expectations by Rotaractors from around the world and in Chennai. With these many wonderful projects, the Rotaract members have truly made this as their best academic year for the club. YOUTH RED CROSS

Students of YRC participated as volunteers in a Mega Blood Donation Camp that was conducted in our College campus on February 1st & 2nd in connection with Swami Vivekananda Birth Anniversary and 150th Birth Anniversary of Sister Nivedita. PLACEMENT REPORT In today‘s dynamic business environment, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College students continue to stand out to employers. The placement cell successfully coordinated and completed placement process for the year 2016-2017. Student‘s registration for campus placements opened in July, 2016. Companies were invited for the interview process from August, 2016 onwards. The placements came to a conclusion by the third week of March, 2017. The efforts of the placement office including the student placement team contributed towards the success of the recruited process. The success of the placement endeavor can be attributed to the outstanding quality of our students, tremendous support provided by the Institute administration, Departments, and alumni.

ANNUAL REPORT OF PLACEMENT CELL 2016-2017 No. of Students appeared for DATE

COMPANY Appeared

Paper Test

Aptititude Test

Group Discussion

Case Study

HR Interview

Personal Interview

Selected

05.08.2016

Ernst & Young - INDIA

120

09.08.2016 19.08.2016

Deloitte - US Ernst & Young - GDS

238 250

32 -

16 160

7 25

22.08.2016

Ntrust Infotech

210

23.08.2016

Pick Your Trial

147

29.08.2016

Just Dial

15.09.2016 30.11.2016 04.01.2017

Agility GIL ZOHO CAMS

110 197 89

197 89

110 -

135 65

60 18 -

15 3 45

21.01.2017

GODREJ

25.01.2017

STANDARD CHARTERED

08.02.2017 09.02.2017

iThought RBS

97 187

51 -

15 -

13.02.2017

TCS

16.02.2017

Accenture

197

21.02.2017 23.02.2017

Capgemini Sutherland

86 110

86 102

02.03.2017 20.03.2017

Cavin Kare Reliance

95 50

92 18

59 -

Total 245

RANK

1 2

U.G. RANK LIST (2014 – 2017 BATCH) NAME OF THE STUDENT & Reg. No. DEPARTMENT COMMERCE (GENERAL) UCMC1437 ARJUN PRAVEEN UCMA1459 SURESH J.

1 2

UCRA1463 UCRA1457

1 2

UBAA1463 UBAA1467

PERCENTAGE

CORPORATE SECRETARYSHIP PRAKASH M. RAM KUMAR V. BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ABHISHEK SREEDHAR KAMESHWARAN S.

90% 86% 79% 77% 77% 76%

UBMA1459 UBMA1472

BANK MANAGEMENT ANANT SRI ANIRUDH T. SUSHANTH P.

75% 75%

1 2

UAFB1439 UAFB1450

ACCOUNTING & FINANCE JAI BALAJI J. LIU REN CHING

81% 79%

1 2

INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT UISA1437 NAVEEN KUMAR S. UISA1407 HARIPRASAD P.

86% 84%

1 2

COMMERCE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS UCCA1405 KARTHIK S. UCCA1402 VISHRUTHI S.

86% 77%

1 2

COMPUTER SCIENCE KARTHICKRAJA M. SURESH P.

84% 82%

1 2

UCSA1409 UCSA1441

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS BILAL M. VIGNESH S.

1 2

UCAA1411 UCAA1412

1 2

P.G. RANK LIST (2015 – 2017 BATCH) PSWA1504 NAGARAJAN T. PSWA1510 SRINATH K.

84% 80% 74% 68%

PROFICIENCY LIST RANK Reg. No. NAME OF THE STUDENT PERCENTAGE PART - I LANGUAGE (TAMIL ) (I & II SEMESTER) (2016 - 19 BATCH) 1 UCRA1611 VISHAAL S. 81% 2 UCMA1623 RAAGHAV K. 80% PART - I LANGUAGE (TAMIL) (I TO IV SEMESTER) (2015 - 18 BATCH) 1 UCSA1512 ARUN R. 74% 2 UCSA1502 ANANDAN N. 72% PART - I LANGUAGE (HINDI) (I & II SEMESTER) (2016 - 19 BATCH) 1 UAFB1643 AASHIRWAD CHATTERJEE 69% 2 UCMC1611 MIR AHMED ALI 63% PART - I LANGUAGE (SANSKRIT) (I & II SEMESTER) (2016 - 19 BATCH) 1 UAFA1630 SHIVARAMAN C. 97% 2 UCRA1625 VIGNESH R. 95% PART - I LANGUAGE (SANSKRIT) (I TO IV SEMESTER) (2015 - 18 BATCH) 1 UCSA1508 ADITHYA SRIRAM 85% 2 UCSA1515 ADHITYAN M. 79% PART - II FOUNDATION ENGLISH (I & II SEMESTER) (2016 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2019 BATCH) 1 UISA1606 ABHISHEK KRISHNA 82% 2 UISA1608 MAHESH ADITHYA V. 80% PART - II FOUNDATION ENGLISH (I TO IV SEMESTER) (2015 - 18 BATCH) 1 UCSA1528 RAMPRAKASH S. 72% 2 UCSA1512 ARUN R. 69% 1 2 3

PART - IV VALUE BASED EDUCATION (2015 - 18 BATCH) UCMC1519 ANIRUDH BALAJI K. 92% UCMB1559 BADHRI NARAYANAN V. 92% UCAA1503 HARISH S. 92%

PART - IV VIVEKA STUDIES (2016 - 18 P.G. BATCH) PSWA1611 ARUN KUMAR M.

92%

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

PROFICIENCY PRIZE PART - III (I to IV SEMESTERS) (2015 - 2018 BATCH) B.Com. (General) UCMC1553 KARTHIKEYAN K.J. UCMB1558 GANESH R. B.Com. (CS) UCRA1534 MANIKANDAN G. UCRA1529 RAMANA RAJA D. BBA UBAA1529 MAHESWARAN H. UBAA1565 PRATHIK D. B.Com. (BM) UBMA1566 DEEPAK S. UBMA1547 AUSTIN ROY B.Com. (A&F) UAFB1535 ARIHANT C. SHIYAL UAFB1508 ANIRUDDHA SENGUPTA UAFA1526 HIMAVARTHRAJ M.M. B.Com. (CA) UCCA1533 BALAJI V. UCCA1504 CHIRANJEEVI O.N. B.Com. (ISM) UISA1542 SRIVATSAN V. UISA1543 KASTHURI RANGAN R. B.Sc. (CS) UCSA1528 RAMPRAKASH S. UCSA1508 ADITHYA SRIRAM BCA UCAA1549 MANOJ KUMAR S. UCAA1503 HARISH S.

85% 84% 80% 77% 77% 73% 87% 82% 88% 88% 83% 82% 70% 82% 81% 90% 83% 90% 88%

PROFICIENCY PRIZE PART - III (I & II SEMESTER) (2016-2017) 1 2 1 2 1 2

UCMB1647 UCMA1623

B.Com. (General) SRIVARDHAN R. RAAGHAV K.

83% 82%

UCRA1611 UCRA1614

B.Com. (CS) VISHAAL S. JAYATHEERTHA P.

87% 86%

UBAA1613 UBAA1612

BBA ABHISHEK R. ARAVIND SRIRAMAN

81% (487/600) 81% (484/600)

1 2

UBMA1664 UBMA1660

1 2

UAFB1606 UAFA1630

B.Com. (BM) ADITHYA N. TAMILVANAN G.B. B.Com. (A&F) SIDDHARTH B . SHIVARAMAN C.

UCCA1652 UCCA1644

B.Com. (CA) KALAI MUGILAVAN S. NAVEEN MENAN K.

81% 71%

UISA1609 UISA1608

B.Com. (ISM) ASHWIN S. MAHESH ADITHYA V.

87% 85%

1 2 1 2

71% 70% 82% 81%

BCA 1 2 1 2

UCAA1609 UCAA1626

AJAY C.S. SURYA V.

92% 91%

UCSA1620 UCSA1610

B.Sc. (CS) SABARI D.V. DHANUSH N.

92% 91%

APRIL 2017 SEMESTER END EXAMINATION OVERALL RESULT TABULATION UNDER GRADUATION (2014 - 2017 BATCH) S. No.

DEGREE

COURSE

STUDENTS APPEARED

PASSED

FAILED

DISTINCTION

I CLASS

II CLASS

III CLASS

B.Com.

COMMERCE (A)

B.Com.

COMMERCE (B)

B.Com.

COMMERCE (C)

B.Com.

CORPORATE SECRETARYSHIP

100

B.Com.

BANK MANAGEMENT

B.Com.

100

B.Com.

B.B.A.

B.C.A.

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE (A) ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE (B) INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT COMPUTER APPLICATIONS BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

B.Sc.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

704

675

395

175

II CLASS 0 0

TOTAL

POST GRADUATION (2015 - 2017 BATCH) S. No. 1

DEGREE M.S.W.

COURSE SOCIAL WORK TOTAL

STUDENTS APPEARED 9 9

PASSED

FAILED

DISTINCTION

I CLASS 7

CONTRIBUTIONS BY STAFF AND STUDENTS

ENGLISH SECTION FACTS 1)

HOW DOES THE NEWS REACH OUR HOME?

First, the news about what is happening daily in the world is collected and sent to newspapers and television networks. Many media organizations have their own correspondents who explore locations and report ‗live‘ from there. All images and interviews then reach the radio stations via the satellite. From there the picture and sound signals are transmitted to our homes. We receive them with the latest digital technology. 2)

HOW DOES LUNAR ECLIPSE OCCUR?

Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its umbra (shadow). This can occur only when the Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned exactly or very closely so, with the earth in the middle. The only light seen is refracted through the earth‘s shadow. 3)

HOW DOES LIGHTNING OCCUR?

Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark occurs between the two changes within the cloud. 4)

HOW DOES A CYCLONE FORM?

A tropical cyclone needs two main ingredients: a cluster of thunderstorms. And a warm body of water from which the storm gathers its energy. The warm, tropical ocean under a developing storm evaporates then condenses to form clouds, releasing heat throughout the process. 5)

HOW DO WE HEAR SOUND THROUGH EAR?

Sound waves enter the outer ear and travel through a narrow passageway called the ear canal, which leads to the eardrum. The bones in the middle ear amplify, or increase, the sound vibrations and send them to the cochlea, a snail-shaped structure filled with fluid, in the inner ear. Bhargav Venkat I B.Com. (CS) UCRA1623 39

SILAMBAM History Its history traces down back to 5000yrs .When nomads were travelling through forest they would use rocks, sticks, knives, etc. for their defense. This is how Silambam came into force . As days went by they used to tie iron and knife at edge of the stick to hunt animals. Now a question arises whether it was really 5000yrs back? The archaeologist replies that the sticks were found in adichanallur in Tuticorin district And they measured it using different parameters such as their thickness, weight, and sharpness. By this we can conclude that it was found 5000yrs ago. It has originated from Tamilnadu. As time went by it has also become a folk art like karate, Bharatanatyam. This is when it started from Tamilnadu to many regions across the world. Many kings who conquered many regions started spreading the taste of Silambam to the People they

came across. Silambam was called by different names in different regions For eg. In Egypt it is called as TAHTID. Why a person needs to know silambam? 1. As we see its main use is from our hand .So our arms get strengthened with good muscles and energy. 2. A normal persons memory and concentration power will increase. 3. Our bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s blood circulation will be good. 4. It makes our body fit; a person can be seen active for the whole day. 5. People having bad habits will leave them when they learn this art. My experience in learning silambam I am just learning it for the past six months. Initially I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;t have much interest in this but once I started learning it my approach towards it changed totally. I started respecting it. I fell this as a stress buster and as I do this I fell relaxed. As my mind relaxes, I can deal with any issue with a free mind and it gives me confidence to tackle any sort of problem in life. KASIVISWANATHAN M.R. UCRA1629 I B.Com. (C.S) 40

STEM CELL BANKING Dr. Rhonda Patrick, a Biologist, who participated in the research studies at Salk Institute for Biological Studies (USA). Dr. Rhonda Patrick introduced a new concept called Stem Cell Banking. For an instance, if you are having your wisdom teeth removed, or if your kids are losing their baby teeth, consider using a company like StemSave or National Dental Pulp Laboratory (USA) to preserve them for later use. These companies will send your oral surgeon a kit, and then freeze the biological matter using liquid nitrogen. Cost may vary, but roughly $625 (Rs.40000) for setup and then $125 (Rs.8000) per year for storage and maintenance. Mesenchymal stem cells can later be harvested from the dental pulp of teeth for useful, life-changing, or potentially lifesaving treatments using your own biological raw materials. In the same way in India, doctors are spreading awareness to preservestem cells of umbilical cords. Various sites like www.lifecell.com, www.cordlifeindia.comprovide umbilical cord blood banking services. The main benefits of stem cell banking are:  Diseases like blood disorder, some cancers, immune deficiencies can be cured.  Future of emerging research.  Genetic diseases like Alzheimer‘s disease, Arthritis, Asthma can be treated. How is cord blood collected? Cord blood is collected after birth. The process is painless, and cells contained in the cord are active throughout the next several days. This allows medical staff to ship the blood to storage facility, where are cryogenically frozen and remain secure for decades. Who is eligible to bank cord blood? In order to donate cord blood a mother must:  Contact a public bank to receive approval and mail-in kit.  Register by the 34th week of pregnancy  Pass a health screening test. Bhargav Venkat I B.Com. (CS) UCRA1623 53

POSITIVE TRANSFORMATION LEADS TO GROWTH OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMY Mr. KRISH NARAYAN Guest Faculty Dept. of Corporate Secretaryship “If there is any secret to success, it lies in the ability to get the other person‟s point of view and see things from that person‟s angle as well as from your own.” - Henry Ford The Young India possesses enormous talents and potential in terms of changes required to build the modern India envisioned by our Prime Minister. The young Indians are geared to meet the competition internally all around and as well globally. The tools of meeting the global competition are to encourage and protect the indigenous products from exploitation and also support innovation in all fields of Business. It is quite evident that the young India has the urge of risk taking with innovative methods well supported by their out-of-box thoughts in providing solutions to the overall development of our country. The drivers of our economic development devised an alternative mechanism for employment of youth and plan for their alternatives through ‗Make-in-India‘ movement. That is upholding the traditional values and patriotism on one side and throw open our strength of trend setting on the other side to achieve self-sufficiency in all walks of life. The encouragement of different business models is to thwart the global competition and to achieve economic development through sustainable growth. The different business perspectives drive the achievement of ultimate goal of the ‗Make-in-India‘ movement, which is the dream of the leaders of our country. This can be achieved from conceptualisation and building of businesses by a body of individuals, who are committed to the growth and development of our country by providing quality goods and services in the best interests of the community. In other words, the objective of fulfilling the make-India a manufacturing hub and to support time bound project clearances achieved by strategic plans and policies of our Government. “Be the change that you want to see in the World” – M.K. Gandhi 54

India is left with enormous human power particularly young generations forming the majority as compared to other nations striving hard to turn India into a focal point of Make-in-India‘ movement in the years to come. Business Transformation in their hands is to adopt newer ones to suit to the call of changes in the political, socio-economic and legal environment of our country by creating an impact in all spheres of development. The shadow of Business Transformation is ―Customer Service‖ which is attributed to provide quality Goods and Services at an affordable price. The reflection of customer service is business transformation which is exerted by Customer Satisfaction and Acceptance. The requirement for an integrated Business Transformation is ―accommodation, acceptance and adjustment‖. The Business community at large is concerned about their existence in the competition and to retain their share of profits as a reward for the goods and services provided. In that perspective, to become successful in the development activities of the business a well defined strategy has to be implemented. START UP Growth

DEVELOPEMT Seed and Launch

LIFECYCLE OF BUSINESS

EXPANSION Team Building

MATURITY Sustain & Produce

TRANSITION Sell / Reinvent

The life of Business or business cycles under different stages of growth and development is being monitored by the rulers and administrators of our Government. They provide the acceleration whenever required and also to have check and control over them. In addition to them the creators of business models have to bear in mind various compliances, regulatory norms, directives of the Governments and above all the interests of the investors, to augment the positive transformation of business activities for the growth and development of our economy. 55

Essential Requirements of Business Transformation “Great Minds discuss ideas, average ones discuss events and small minds discuss people” - Eleanor Roosevelt. Every business transformation has to be built on good due diligence in all spheres of the business. Their performance and results are estimated in terms of social cost, national income, GDP, etc. apart from their own priorities. The conglomeration of great minds discusses and provides avenues for overall economic growth and development. The positive transformation is to adapt to the changes under tight control and stringent measures to absorb them. (a) Changes in Legal and Regulatory Framework (b) Financial and Taxation Policies of the Governments (c) Management Due Diligence (d) Environment and other Statutory requirements According to the Gandhiji, ‗Customer is not dependent on us, we are dependent on them‘ and emphasized the need for efficient ‗Customer Service‘. To win over the confidence is to render good and efficient service to the customer satisfaction by gaining their confidence and support which is required by business. Transformation and Government initiatives The regulatory mechanism installed under different acts, statutes at this juncture provide for regulating and controlling the business houses on one hand and also protecting the natural resources, environment, and sustainability on the other hand. Therefore a collective regulatory mechanism is possible to encourage and support the same with the object of protecting the indigenous and custom-made product and to combat the global competition for overall development. Finally the efforts of young Indians in business transformation and in the process of Nation building will bring sustainable economic growth and development. This is complementary and the initiatives of the Government are supplementary in all spheres 56

of an integrated system for the overall development of our country. The Government has taken all steps to revamp the untidy situation in the business by introducing new concepts like ‗smart cities‘ (with strategic planning for all round Infrastructural development), ‗Innovation and Development‘ aspect in the manufacturing sector to compete with foreign competition, Liberalised FDI for certain industries, business to have exchange of technical know-how and advancement in the management of these industries in all spheres of economy. The successful roll out of the same will definitely yield increase in National Income, GDP and individual income levels and provide impetus to the overall growth and development in our country.

DEMONETISATION November 8th 2016 was the day when the whole nation was in for a shock after hearing the announcement made by Prime Minister Narendar Modi regarding the demonetisation of 500 and 1000 rupee notes. This step is considered the biggest cleanliness drive against black money. The other motives behind this initiative were to reduce the circulation of black money, arrest terrorism and make India a cash-free economy. This was not the 1st but the 3rd time that demonetisation was implemented in India. The first was during 1946 and the second was in the year 1978. A large section of the middle class Indians faced a cash-crunch, though this was just for a couple of months, after which every thing eased to normalcy. India is not the only country that has gone in for demonetisation. Zimbabwe, in 2015, implemented demonetisation. Demonetisation had a mixed impact in the economy. The rate of inflation came down (prices of consumer goods like vegetables, pulses, fruits came down), the number of digital transactions started to increase, lending from banks has increased for small businesses (RBI declared a growth of 1.6% from a negative growth of 8.2%). The growth of Indian economy fell down from 9.1% to 5.7% in less than a year. The housing sector showed a drastic fall of 60% in the major 6 cities as people had limited cash. 57

Unwinding the facts and figures of demonetisation, we can conclude that the impact on the overall economy was felt in three sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary). There has been awareness regarding digital payments and going in for a cashless economy. Now, after a year, the country is moving toward development. M. RAM PRANAVA TILAK UCRA1630 I B.Com. (CS)

DIGITAL INDIA Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure that Government services are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity or by making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology. Some of the facilities which will be provided through this initiative are Digital Locker, e-education, e-health, e-sign and national scholarship portal. Though it appears to be a major reform initiative, a detailed scrutiny sheds light on the fact that it seems to be a leap too far that the current Indian mechanism cannot sustain. BUDGET - Most of the funds for this initiative is expected to come from the private sector. The total investments promised by big corporates, according to Modi, are Rs 4.5 lakh crore. That is an astonishing number - it is equivalent to a quarter of the country's budget. If true, then the amount spent on this project will be way over the total money spent on all of the government's 66 central sponsored schemes. However, India hasn't been able to deliver on the last big welfare scheme promised - the Food Security Act, two years after it was passed in Parliament. INFRASTRUCTURE - The current infrastructure seems grossly inadequate to sustain a major technological revamp of the proposed magnitude. For instance, Electricity is a sparse utility that is not widely available in India, particularly in the rural areas, which ironically is claimed to be the biggest beneficiary of the initiative. 58

Source: ACCESS Report ACCESS TO CLEAN COOKING ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY Survey of States The National Optical Fibre Network, a vital component of the Digital India initiative, is flailing amid right-of-way hurdles. The NOFN project — envisaged as a Centre-State joint effort where states were expected to contribute by way of waiving off right-of-way charges is way behind schedule and unlikely to be completed by its deadline of December 2016. Hence when there is extensive investment on substandard or inadequate infrastructure base, the resultant project is also most likely to succumb to the incapability of the system to sustain. DEMOGRAPHICS - The current demographic analysis do not show a favourable stance that supports digitalisation. India is home to 21 percent of the world‘s unbanked adults. As of last year, only 53 percent of its population had bank accounts. Moreover, the country‘s official literacy rate is 74 percent, and this includes people who can barely sign their names. In this regard, financial literacy seems too farfetched. Besides the targeted beneficiaries, the required level of technical expertise to operate such digitalised system also seems to be a major hurdle as the execution of this project of such magnitude will require a very large standing force of technically qualified and proficient personnel which seems to be lacking. TECHNOLOGY - It is also important to note that the proposed project cannot be carried out by Indian firms and hence there is a great reliance on foreign entities to undertake and establish these systems which contradicts with the ―Make in India‖ 59

initiative. Besides it shall lead to a state where the logistical systems are in the hands of a few corporate giants leading to a major cartel like situation. Another major aspect that digitalisation creates is a shift towards automation and digitalisation and further reducing investment in agriculture and also creates a major dearth in employment for agriculture since there is a sectoral shift. In a nutshell, digitilisation appears to be an elaborately laid out political branding attempt that comfortably fits into the current governments grander scheme of things that has the urban youth as its nucleus. As India is reeling from the impacts of demonetisation, the current systems inability to shift gears as far as digitalisation is concerned is rather evident and hence should be considered a red herring for the times to come if such ‗misplaced priorities‘are continuously persisted with. “Build something 100 people love, not something 1 million people kind of like.” - Brian Chesky V. RAM KUMAR UCRA1457 III B.Com. (CS)

IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATION ON INDIAN CULTURE INTRODUCTION Globalization has a wide role to play worldwide. It has left back its footprints at every sphere of life. Not only in India, but the interchange of world views and ideas has resulted in a major transformation of the lifestyle and living standard of people globally. Indian culture is no bar to this transformation process. India has a rich cultural background and pride of its culture is famous throughout the world. Globalization has not only inculcated the westernization in India, but conversely the Indian culture has also spread its impact globally. Culture and traditions of any geographic region hold a special significance with respect to its 60

uniqueness and that is the differentiating factor for a population within a geographic boundary from the other. This uniqueness has been disturbed to the varying degrees in lieu of globalization. Such an impact is very much pronounced when they hit a developing country like India. GLOBALISATION The term ‗Globalization‘ is itself self-explanatory. .. Globalization in India is generally considered to mean ‗integrating‘ the economy of the country with the world economy. This is the means for providing the international arena for intermingling of people from different sectors, culture and dialects and learns to move and approach socially without hurting and affecting each others‘ prestige. Globalization has both positive and negative impacts throughout the globe. Right from the environmental challenges from the climatic influence, the air, water and soil pollution etc., to the cyber crime; globalization has a huge contribution to all the illeffects of scientific advancements. May it be business, trade, and work exposure or the economic and financial status of the country, no field is left behind the reach of globalization. IMPACT ON INDIAN CULTURE The culture of any country does not only portray the region and language of the region, but it starts with the mindset and mentality of the residing citizens. Indian culture is quite rich with respect to its heritage and resources, and more importantly due to the welcoming approach of its citizens. India is bouquet of flowers varying religion, dialect, edibles, tradition, custom, music, art and architecture etc, bundled into a single unit of patriotism and unity. The common factor within all these diversities is the Indian mindset of welcoming, greeting, celebrating in a united way with immense affection and togetherness. This is the rich essence of the Indian culture that has attracted many foreigners to stay back in India and mingle into its eternal fragrance. When we analyze this rich culture with the globalization point of view, we can find many punch holes of westernization and mixing of other traits and cultures into our beautifully woven blanket. 61

FAMILY STRUCTURE The joint families have become a strange surprise to the Indians especially to those residing in the metropolitan cities in the small flat culture with the nuclear families blooming up like mushrooms in the rain. We have lost the patience to get adjusted into the joint family, imbibing the values of the elders and getting the young ones brought up under the shadow of their grandparents. Children have started treating grandparents like guests or visitors, and such an upbringing is one of the main reasons of increasing old age homes, as those children consider their own parents as burden in their state of adulthood. ADULTERY Both the genders were kept at a distance, with lot many restrictions and limitations to the approach for ages in our culture. With the emergence of globalization and western culture, youth have start mixing up well with each other. The friendly approach and the socializing feature are worth appreciable. But the total breakout of restrictions has adulterated the Indian mindset, playing up with the physical relationship. This has given birth to new relationships in India like live-in relationships. Also the increased cases of rape and sexual abuse cases are a result of the perverted mind which again the imported values very much alien to our mother culture. SOCIAL VALUES We have the incorporated values of treating the guests as God, warm-hearted welcoming, greeting elders with due respect and a celebrating every small festival with great colour of enjoyment and togetherness. Such a wide gathering with full hue and light can hardly be seen today. People have highly restricted themselves in social interaction. The interaction in present generation is highly diplomatic considering the financial status and wealth. We have lost our social values and cheerful blessing of togetherness. The present generations arehappier celebrating Valentineâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Day rather than our traditional functions. 62

FOOD, CLOTHING AND DIALECT Indian food, clothing and languages are varied with respect to different states. The food varies in its taste, but every food has its own nutrient value and every region is specified and rich in its medicinal preparations with the home remedies. Even the clothing varies in different states which is very much particular in maintaining the dignity of woman. The varies cuisines from all over the world though have different flavours to add, still the food ingredients that have inflicted with much popularity are the junk food items which has increased the health disorders in the country. Even the Indians are not very much in favour of promoting their mother tongue .The way the foreign languages are getting prevalent in India like the French, German and Spanish, right from the school level, is the example of how much we provide importance to Indian languages in comparison to the foreign ones. EMPLOYMENT AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR India was predominantly an agricultural based country. With the advanced globalization and cropping up of MNCs, the farming has lost its prime value in India. Agricultural science has the least focus amongst the youngsters who consider farming as a shameful profession and look down upon the same. Employment through MNCs has lucrative deals attracting the bulk of manpower who are working for the other countries as their customer care representatives. We are losing our health and our status and slowly getting to the age of economic slavery due to these MNCs. This is what the globalization has provided Indians through their emergence. Globalization has definitely brought positive changes and been helpful in improving living conditions of people. There has been remarkable improvement intechnology, promoting banking institutions, insurance companies, large and small scale industries etc. These all have contributed in shifting from moral, ethical, integrity and joint family approach to a materialistic world.

CONCLUSION Globalization has brought a tremendous impact upon human civilization.The strategies to cope with the globalization are not sufficient to revolutionize anti-globalization approach. Is globalization a boon or curse to our culture? That is really aquestion of thought for all of us. The approach should always be constructive and so that we get maximum benefit from the globalization, without exploiting our own cultural diversity and historic existence. We

must

enlighten

our

mind

with

famous

quotes

visionary

Swami Vivekananda, who foresaw the hazards of globalization and impact of MNC culture in India as early as in 1893 when he spoke at the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago. To quote his soul-stirring words: â&#x20AC;&#x2022;Shall India die? Then, from the world all spirituality will be extinct, all sweet-souled sympathy for religion will beextinct, all ideality will be extinct; and in its place will reign the duality of lust and luxury as the male and female deities, with money as its priest, fraud, force, and competition its ceremonies, and human soul its sacrifice. Such a thing can never be.â&#x20AC;&#x2013; Still the horrible and terrible effects are taking place on our culture today on account of the relentless and unchallengeable process of Globalization". Indian culture has certainly done least in holding its own relative to the dominant cultures, as the Indian economy has done relative to the dominant economies. We have been far less 'protectionist' culturally speaking than we have been in the field of economy. Undoubtedly, culture is our strongsuit in this age of globalization. India's cultural identity is not about to be blown away by western influences even as we become more active players in this increasingly borderless world. The issue before us now is to figure out the possibility of a right and just course of action in times that pose tremendous challenge to our role both as Indians and as citizens of this beautiful earth. S. Abhishak (UCRA1453) Uddhav Kamath (UCRA1454) III B.Com. (CS) 64

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX In this article I am going to share my views on the implementation and working of GST. Its history traces down from 1999 where a proposal to implement a single common â&#x20AC;&#x153;Goods and Services Taxâ&#x20AC;? was placed before in a meeting between then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and his economic advisory board. In 2002, Vajpayee government formed a task force under Vijay Kelkar to recommend tax reforms. After the fall of BJP led NDA government in 2004, the election of congress led NDA government , the new Finance Minister P.Chidambaram in February 2006 continued the work to bring GST into force by 1st April,2010. Due to the happening of certain circumstances they failed to implement GST by 1st April, 2010. In 2014, the NDA government was elected into power, this time under the leadership of Narendra Modi. The new Finance Minister Arun Jaitley again introduced the GST Bill in Lok Sabha and further set 1st April, 2017 as the deadline to implement GST. In May 2016, the Lok Sabha passed the Constitutional Amendment Bill paving the way for GST. The opposition party led by the congress demanded the GST bill to be sent to the select committee for further review. Finally the Constitutional Amendment bill was passed. Over the next 15 to 20 days, 18 states ratified the GST bill and then President Pranab Mukherjee gave his assent. A 22 member select committee was formed to look after the GST laws. After a long wait and struggle, at midnight on 1st July 2017, The Goods and Services Tax was launched by the former President Pranab Mukherjee and Prime Minister Narendra Modi replacing the old indirect taxation model of charging VAT, CST etc leaving the Customs Duty as it is. It extends to whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. Later on Jammu and Kashmir was also included in GST making it apply to the whole of India. The Aim of GST is adopted as

The four types of taxes collected by the government are CGST, SGST, IGST, UTGST. The CGST is collected by the central government and SGST, UTGST is 65

collected by the State Government if the supply of goods or service is carried on within the state[ Intra State Supply]. Incase of Interstate supply of goods or service IGST is collected by the Central Government. The rates of GST rolled out to be 0%, 5%, 15%, 18%, 28%. The main aim to implement GST is to avoid cascading effect of taxation which was found to be prevalent in the old taxation regime. The term Cascading effect means “TAX ON TAX”. GST provides SEAMLESS FLOW OF CREDIT which is considered to be very important to avoid the cascading effect of tax. Initial rates of GST seemed to increase the prices of all the commodities which created panic on the consumers. But people actually didn‘t realize that they were paying more in the old taxation regime due to lack of setting off of credits. Then slowly the government reduced the rates which were levied during the initial stages. People slowly started to understand that this GST is meant for the good of them. Also the work of CAs and other professionals got reduced as they no longer need to file numerous forms in numerous portal remembering a lot of due dates. Instead their work is restricted to a single portal and a single due date filing the required forms in the same portal. Also the professionals need not remember many identification numbers like TIN etc,. Instead they have to remember only the 15 digit GST number of the company. Although the Government has reduced the rates of GST certain entities charged the same rate by just reducing the percentage and by increasing the basic price of their products. A committee was formed to look after these sort of activities by the unscrupulous entities. It was named as the ANTI PROFITEERING COMMITTEE. It looks after the high price charged the entities inspite of reduced rates in GST. According to my point of view I feel that it takes time for any system to adopt itself. So in the future years the prices of the commodities may reduce further bringing a gain to the society. S. Vishaal UCRA1611 I B.Com. (CS) 66

HUMAN EVOLUTION INTRODUCTION Human Evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from ape like ancestral starting nearly 5 million years ago. The modern scientific study of human evolution is called Paleoanthropology. Most cultures throughout human history have myths, stories & ideas about how life & culture came into existence. Darwin‘s books, on the origin of species by natural selection & the descent of man, expressed this theory of evolution & revolutionized the study of life & human origins. Scientist‘s estimate that our human ancestors began to diverge from the African primitive between 8 million & 5 million years ago. This figure is the result of studying the genetic makeup of human & apes and then calculating approximately how long it took for those differences to develop. EARLY LIFE IN AFRICA The human story begins in one of the most geologically fascinating areas on Earth, the Great Rift Valley of Africa. It is an enormous split torn into Earth‘s crust that runs from the forest in the Tanzania to the desert of Ethiopia. In some places the rift is thousands of feet deep & exposes the last 15 million years of the Earth‘s history. Starting with the modern human skull, it is possible to trace our ancestry back millions of years. As we travel back in time, our ancestors look less & less like us& begin to resemble our closest relatives, the African apes. Because our physical & genetic characteristics are similar, evolutionary theory offers evidence that ancestral humans had a very close relationship to a group of primates, the apes. Most paleoanthropologists today recognize 10 to 15 different groups of early humans. They do not agree, however about how they are related on which ones simply died out along the way. EARLY HUMANS Nearly 5 million years ago in Africa, an ape like species evolved with two important traits that distinguished it from the apes. This species had small canine teeth & it was bipedal, meaning it could walk on two legs.

EVOLUTION OF MODERN HUMANS HOMO HABILIS After researchers unearthed the australopithecines, the next major â&#x20AC;&#x2022;missing linkâ&#x20AC;&#x2013; to be found was Homo habilis, an early representative of modern humankind. Found by Louis & mary Leakey at osavai gorge in Tanzania. They probably retained some of the skeletal characteristics of the australopithecines that made them climbers. HOMO ERGASTER & HOMO ERECTUS Next in the story of human evolution, we find a group represented by homo ergaster, a recently recognized African linked between homo habilis & homo erectus. A fossil like skeleton of homo ergaster found in Kenya in 1484 because popularly known as turkava boy. Homo erectus made stone tools, including well- made axes & cleavers for the butchering and hunting of animals. EMERGENCE OF MODERN HUMAN BEING NEANDERTHALS & MODERN HOMO SAPIENS The origin of modern humans is still controversial. The debate centers on whether modern humans have a direct relationship with Homo erectus or the Neanderthals, a well-known, more modern group of humans who evolved within the last 300000 years. The Neanderthals also appeared to have been culturally quite advanced. While most lived in caves, some may have begun to build house like structure. A number of coloured paintings left on cave walls suggest an evolving, rich & complex cultural life. They hunted cooperatively & were perhaps the first to speak a language. CONCLUSION In March 2001 a new fossil, known as kenyanthropus watyops, was added to the family tree of early humans. It is considered a new species of an early human anastor that lived in the same area & time of Lucy. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Wikipedia T. SHRIDHAR II B.Com. (CS) UCRA1666 68

IMPORTANT RAGAS & THEIR HEALTH BENEFITS Introduction A Raga or Ragam is a melodic framework for improvisation akin to a melodic made in Indian classical music. Each raga is an array of melodic structures with musical motives considered in the Indian tradition to have the ability ―color of mind‖ and affect the emotions of the audience. There are different kinds of Ragas. Ahir Bhairav: Gives free relaxed feeling and mitigate dust allergies and skin disease. Good for arthritic conditions. Ananda Bhairavi: This Raga suppresses stomach pain in both men and women. Reduces kidney type problems, controls flood pressure. Bagesri: Helps for attaining Guru‘s grace. Bhairavi: Reduces anxiety, pressures, skin disease and allergies. Desh: The suppression of the senses releases a negative force. The process of sublimation needs a spiritual path. Rag Desh can provide energy that, gives the listener peacefulness, inner joy, right valor, universal love and patriotism. Ganamurte: It helps in solving all kind of problems in diabetes. Hamsadhvani: Energy giving provides good thinking, chaitanya, Survaragaharini (panacea). Also it cures chronic headache, indigestion and depression. Rohini: Cures back pain, joint pain, etc. 69

Sama: Makes mind sober, tranquil, induces good sleep. Good for world peace. SinduBhairavi: Removes sins and sorrows and saves from unforeseen events. Shanmugapriya: Sharpens the intellect of the singer as well as the listener. Instills courage in oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s mind and replenishes the energy in the body. Varali: Varali is good for vayu tatva, heart, skin colmate and gastric problems. Vakulabharanam: Alleviates asthma, bronchitis, heart diseases, depression and skin diseases. Yamuna Kalyani: Gives freshness and dynamism. Kalyani: Gives energy and removes tension and also acts as a general tonic. Dispense the darkness of fear. Gives motherly comfort and increases the level of confidence. Kalyani means mangalam. Recited with faith and devotion, it is believed to clinch marriage alliance. Many authentic reports exist above the ragas power to destroy fear in many forms. Mathuvarshini: Good for nerves and cures diseases like headache, sleeplessness and sinus problems. Mohanam: Mohanam is present where beauty and love co-exists. It filters out the ill effects of kama, krothat and moha bestowing the immense benefits on the listener. It also said to cure chronic headache, indigestion and depression.

Maya malava gowla: Counters pollution. It can be called the gateway to carnatic music, history carnatic music says that, the blessed musician Purandaradasar introduced the system of maya malava gowla. This raga has the power to neutralize toxins in the body. Practising it in the early hours of the morning in the midst of nature will enhance the strength of the vocal chords. Malaya maruta: To awaken someone out of deep sleep. Rathipathipriya: Adds strength and vigor to a happy wedded life. This 5-swara raga has the power to eliminate poverty. The prayoga of the swaras can wipe off the vibrations of bitter feelings emitted by ill will. Saramathi: Elevates from depressed state. Cures balagraha dosham in children. For sleeplessnes, itching, eye problems, skin problems and the problem of hearing irregular sound. Sivaranjini: Powerful raga for medition; bestows benevolence of god, removes sadness, ushana raga santi (diseases related to excess heat). Good for general health. Suddha dhanyasi: Remover of sorrows. Gives a happy feeling. Tonic for nerves, cures rhinitis and migraine. Conclusion The above thesis confirms the health benefits of ragas, it shows why more people should take interest on raga as it creates a more harmonious atmosphere in the life of men, women and children. S. RAMSHARAN II B.Com. (CS) UCRA1502 71

MUSIC = LIFE Music is one of the most important and powerful things in my life. My life without melodies and harmonies would be totally empty. Listening to and playing different tunes helps me to de-stress, relax and it can also help to motivate me in difficult times. I love listening to music while on my way to college, as I feel it really helps me to prepare for the day that waits. By listening to my favourite music, it not just helps me to relax but also to memorise all the things happened in my life. When I was small, I didn‘t have the great love for musical as I do now. I mainly listened to whatever was playing in the background or what my parents were listening to I didn‘t have much of a choice for musical compositions.. Whether I was in the car, the house, or anywhere else there was sure to be some music either carnatics or devotional songs constantly playing somewhere in the background. At the time I didn‘t care for that genre of music much, but now as I‘m older, I enjoy it as it allows me to reminisce on memories from times of my childhood. Once I really developed a passion for music, it became the only thing i did all day. I believe music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotion. Whether the emotion is joy and happiness or sadness and despair through rhythms, harmonies and the lyrics music shows it. The song ―NAN YEN PIRANTHEN‖ by AR RAHMAN is such an emotional and inspiring song that when I hear it, I always come close to tears, especially when I listened to it at night. The effect that music can have on our emotions is tremendous, as it can bring people to floods of tears .The musical images that music and song are able to create are amazing. Music has the ability to retain memories just like a camera It helps me to revisit lost and forgotten moments in life. Songs can tell you more than the words do. The music without lyrics is an immensely powerful thing. This supports the statement saying ―music imitates life and life imitates music‖. Recently song writing has become a common habit for today‘s youths. I believe there is no better way to express oneself than through song. After a good/bad day, it would nice to be able to sit down and write about music. It can make all your problems just disappear and float away. Even if one considers taking music as a profession, it is a bold decision and has to be welcomed as we see many artists getting a heavy cheque for 72

their work however i personally think music should not go in tandem with money as it is not something which cannot be bought or sold rather can only be enjoyed. Not all can have same passion and love for music. Listening to other musical artist like, ILLAYARAJA, AR.RAHMAN acts as an inspiration and motivation for me. Nowadays we see a lot of people listening to western music and often degrading traditional music it should be changed. Traditional music should also be given enough importance. Personally think, being born in INDIA a place enriched in culture, history, music , most of us should learn to play musical instruments or least enjoy and encourage music in a best possible way, indeed no where music has been defined better than in India. I believe music effects people in many different ways. To me music is more than just something to listen to or play, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s something to feel. Music has not only developed my knowledge and creativity, but has empowered my values of determination, perseverance and understanding. Music is extremely important in my life. I think it brings me closer to my surroundings. I also feel that it helps me to get through things quickly whether it is good or bad. Music is an immensely powerful thing and has a huge place in my life right next to my heart and proudly confess that i enjoy no other thing than listening to music. RAJA N. I B.Com. (CS) UCRA1649

TAMIL SECTION ghyfq;fhju jpyfH u.N`ke;j;

II B.Com. ‘A’ UCMA1614

Kd;Diu ek; ghujk; Mq;fpNya Ml;rpapypUe;J tpLjiy mile;J Mz;Lfs; gythfp epiwtile;J tpl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; capH ePj;j vz;zw;w jpahfpfSf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;Jk; tifapYk; vdf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j ~~ghy fq;fhju jpyfH" mtHfSf;F ,e;j rpwpa fl;Liuia rkHg;gpf;fpd;Nwd;. Kd;NdhUk; ngw;NwhUk; ghy fq;fhjuH> uj;jpdfpup khtl;lj;jpYs;s> fpfy; fpuhkj;jpy;> gpuhkz tFg;gpy; gpwe;jtH. ,tupd; je;ij kw;Wk; mtupd; Kd;NdhHfs;> ~~me;j tl;lj;jpy; kjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; kw;Wk; gpwUf;F cjtp GupAk; kNdhghtk; gilj;jtHfs;: ,tupd; je;ij fq;fhjH> md;id ghHtjpaha; mJ kl;Lkpy;iy ~ghy;| vd;w ngaH Njrgf;jHfSs; jpyfiuj;jhd; Fwpf;Fk;. fy;tp Ie;jhtJ tajpy; jpyfiug; gs;spf;F mDg;gpdhHfs; Muk;gj;jpNyNa mtUf;Ff; fzpjj;jpYk;> ]k;];fpUjj;jpYk; <LghL cz;lhfptpl;lJ. mtH g+dhtpy; ~~]pb ];$ypy;" gbg;igj; njhlq;fpdhH> Mdhy; rpW tajpy; kdk; Gz;zhFk; tz;zk; epfo;rr ; pfs; ele;jd. gj;jhtJ tajpy; md;G jha; fhykhdhs; gjpdhd;fhk; tajpy; mtUf;Fj; jpUkzk; ele;jJ> mJkl;Lkpy;iy mtH tujl;rpizahf ey;y Gj;jfq;fNs thq;fpf; nfhz;lhH. rpy khjq;fspy; gpwF mtupd; je;ijahUk; ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH. ngw;NwhH ,oe;j Nrhfj;jpy; jpyfH Nrhutpy;iy> g+dh nlf;fhd; fy;Y}upapy; NrHe;jhH> mtH fy;Y}upg; Gj;jfq;fs; kl;Lk; gbf;fhky; tlnkhop ,yf;fpak; Nkiy ehLfspd; jj;Jtk; vd;W gy Gj;jfq;fs; gbj;J kpf rpwe;j kdpjH MdhH. ,tH gp.V.tpYk; (1877)> vy;.vy;.gp. rl;lg; gupl;irapYk; (1879) NjwpdhH. jpyfupd; Njrgf;jp ,isQHfsplk; Njrpa vOr;rp tu Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ~~Nfrup" kuhl;bapYk;> Mq;fpyj;jpy; ~~kuhl;lh" vd;w ,uz;L gj;jpupif njhlq;fpdhH. 74

mJkl;Lkpd;wp jpyfupd; fhyj;jpy; Fw;wthspfs; jhk; rpiwaplg;gl;ldH. murpay; fhuzj;Jf;fhf> Ml;rpahsiu vjpHj;J vOjpajw;fhf Kjd; Kjypy; rpiw nrd;w jiytH jpyfH kl;Lk; jhd;. mJkl;Lkpd;wp 1897-Mk; Mz;L ~gpNsf;| Neha; jPtpukhf gutpaJ. Mdhy; Mq;fpy muR ve;j eltbf;ifAk; vLf;ftpy;iy. ,e;j ,uf;fkw;w muR> tpf;Nlhupah kfhuhzpapd; itu tpoh nfhz;lhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mjid vjpHj;Jj; jpyfH gj;jpupf;ifapy; vOjpdhH. mNjhL gy jpahfq;fs;; jpyfH nra;Js;shH. ek; ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhf gyKiw rpiwf;Fr; nrd;whYk; njhlu;e;J nray;gl;Ls;shH. KbTiu jd;Dila ,Wjp fhyk; tiu ghujk; tpLjiy ngw Ntz;Lk; vd Nghuhba jpyfupd; capH Mf];l; 1> 1920 Mk; Mz;L gpupe;jJ. ,e;jpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; xU Ngupog;G vd;whYk; mtiug; gpd;gw;wp gy ,isQHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; tpLjiyf;F cWjpAld; NghuhbdH. ~~Rje;jpuk; vdJ gpwg;Gupik@ mij mile;Nj jPUNtd;" vd Koq;fpdhu;. jpyfupd; fy;tp> Njrj;njhz;L> gj;jpupf;if Mfpatw;wpd;%yk; midtupd; kdj;jpYk; tpLjiy neUg;igg; gw;witj;jtH. tho;f jpyfH! tho;f ghujk;!

tho;f;if V.Tamilvanan II B.Sc. (CS) UCSA1613 cyfpy; cs;s midj;J capUf;Fk; gpwg;Gk; ,wg;Gk; cz;L. ,wg;G vd;gJ xU nehbapy; epfof;$ba xd;W. vg;NghJ Vw;gLk; vd;W ahUf;Fk; njupahJ. Mdhy; gpwg;Ngh kpfTk; fbdkhd xd;W. ,e;jg; gpwg;gpw;Fk; ,wg;gpw;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Ug;gJ jhd; tho;f;if. ,e;j cyfpy; ehk; gpwe;J ,we;jJf;F milahskhf $WtJ ehk; tho;e;J te;j tho;f;ifiaj;jhd;. mjdhy; ehk; gpwe;jJf;F milahskhf ehk; tho Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ehk; ek; gpwe;j ehis kfpo;r;rpahf nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;. Mdhy; ehk; gpwe;jJf;F milahskhf ehk; vd;d nra;Njhk; vd;W vz;zpg;ghHj;jhy; vJTk; ,Uf;fhJ. ek; kfpo;rr ; p ePq;fp> khwhf ehk; Vd;? gpwe;Njhk; vd;w vz;zk; ek; kdjpy; Njhd;wptpLk;. ehk; tho;f;ifapy; Njhw;wtuhf ek; kdjpy; Njhd;Wk;. ehk; Vd; gpwe;Njhk; vd;W njupahky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; tho;e;jJ vg;gb tho;e;Njhk; vd;gij

midtUk;

ehk;

,we;j

gpwFk; 75

Ngr

Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thNw

Rthkp

tpNtfhe;ju; tho;e;jhH> kiwe;jhH. mj;jifa fy;Y}upapy; gapYk; ehk; mijNa gpd;gw;WNthk;. mJNt ehk; ,e;j cyfpy; gpwe;J tho;e;J ,we;jJf;Fr; rpwe;j milahsk; MFk;. cz;ikia ehd; Gupe;J nfhz;Nld;. kw;wtHfSk; Gupe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,g;gbf;F cq;fSs; xUtd; tp.jkpo;thzd;.

al;rdpd; tpdhf;fs; ,e;jpahtpd; khngUk; ,jpfhrkhd kfhghujj;jpy; gy fpisf;fijfs; cz;L. mjpy; gy jj;Jtq;fs;> tho;tpd; cz;ikfs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. ,q;Nf $wg;gLk; jj;Jt ciuahly; jUkDf;Fk; al;rDf;Fk; ,ilapy; tdg;gUj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; elg;gjhFk;. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

ahj;jpiuf;Fr; nry;gtDf;F cjtpaha; cld; tUtJ vJ? fw;w fy;tp. ,wg;Gf;Fg; gpd; NrHe;J tpLtJ vJ? jhd; nra;j jUkk; gpuhk;kzd; ahH? gpuk;kj;ij ehb mwpgtd; ahNuh mtd; gpuhk;kzd; \j;jpupad; ahH? jd;dyk; Jwe;J kdpj Fyj;Jf;fhf ciog;gtd; g+kpia tplg; nghWikAilatH ahH? jha; tpz;Tyfj;jhupDk; caHe;jtu; ahH? je;ij nrhHf;fKk; eufKk; gilf;fg;gLtJ ahuhy;? mtutuHfs; kdj;jhy; cz;ikahd Rfk; vJ? ey;nyhOf;fj;ijf; filgpbf;Fk;NghJ fpl;LtJ ftiyf;Ff; fhuzk; vJ? mQ;Qhdk; <L nra;a Kbahj ,og;G vJ? fhy tpiuak; epiyahd Gfioj; jUtJ vJ? nfhil rhe;jp gpwg;G vjdhy;? jd;id mwptjdhy; 76

13. 14. vd 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21.

kpfg;ngupa nry;tk; vJ? Miraw;wpUg;gJ. Mr;rHak; vJ? jpdKk; Mapuf;fzf;fhdtH ,wg;gijg; ghHj;Jk; jdf;F ,wg;G tuhJ gyH nray;gLtJ jhd; Mr;rHak; jPuhj tpahjp vJ? Nguhir jtq;fspy; rpwe;jJ vJ? mtutH flikiar; nra;jy; cyfpNyNa vJ kpff; fbdkhd fhHak;? kdj;ij mlf;FtJ mtutHf;F cw;w Jiz vJ? cs;sj;jpYs;s ijupak; fliytplg; ngupjhf kjpf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ vJ? gad; fUjhky; gpwUf;Fr; nra;ag;gLk; cjtp kiyiatpl caHe;jtdhfg; Nghw;wg;gl jf;ftd; ahH? nghwpfisg; Gyd;fspd; topg;Nghftplhky; epr;ryikaha; ,Uf;Fk; Nahfp Gy;iytpl kpfTk; jho;e;jJ vJ? ftiy KidtH ny.ntq;flRg;ukzpad; cjtpg;NguhrpupaH ,e;jpj;Jiw

ctikAk; - mwpjYk; KidtH kh. nguparhkp cjtpg;NguhrpupaH jkpo;j;Jiw kdpjFyk; njhlHe;J Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;L tho;it ntw;wpnfhs;s Kad;W tUfpwJ. ,jw;fhd Kaw;rp gyJiwfspYk; ele;J tUfpwJ. rpe;jidj; jsj;jpy; vt;thW elf;fpd;wJ vd;gijg; gw;wpa xUrpwpa fUj;jhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. mwpNjhWk; mwpahik Gyg;gLk;. czuTzu mwpT tpUj;jpailAk;. mwpTk; czHTk; vt;tpjk; nrayhw;WfpwJ. czHT vd;gJ GJikahdJ. mwpT vd;gJ goikahdJ. vdNt ftpnahUtupd; czHT my;yJ kf;fspd; 77

czHT GJikahFk;NghJ mjid njuptpf;f ctikiaf; ifahSfpd;wdH. ctik vd;gJ ekJ nra;As; ,yf;fpa kugpy; Xuzpahf gapyg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ,jd; nray;ghL xg;Gila ,uz;L nghUSf;fpilNa nghJikiar; Rl;Ltjhf mikAk;. ~GypNghyg;ghAjy;|> ~rpq;fj;ijg;Nghy fH[pj;jy;|> ~Me;ijiag;Nghy Kopj;jy;| Nghd;wthW mikAk;. ,jpy;> ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ. ctikapy; Kjd;ik nghUSk; xg;Gikahf fhl;lg;gLk;. Gwg;nghUSk; vt;thW ekJ kugpy; miof;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gjhFk;. ctikapy; mjpfhug;gl;L epw;Fk; nghUs; ctikg;nghUs; vd;Dk; ,uz;L gFjpahf mikAk;.

mjid

tpsf;f

te;j

ctik vd;gjpy; Kjypy; ,Uf;Fk; ftpQupd; czHT GjpaJ. mjid mwpAkhW nra;a mwpe;j xd;wpidr; Rl;bf;fhl;b ,JNghyj;jhd; mJTk; vd;W $Wfpwhd;. vdNt> GJikiag; gioajpd; Jizf;nfhz;L Gupe;J nfhs;Sk; xU nray;Kiwjhd; ctik vd;gjpd; Nehf;fkhf cs;sJ. vdNt kdpj Fyk; ctik vd;gijf; nfhz;L GJikiag; gilj;J Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ vd;W Gupe;Jnfhs;Nthk;.

kdpj,dk; mope;j gpwF...

kdpj Jiz ,y;yhky; tPl;L kpUfq;fshd ML> khL Nghd;wit ftdpf;f Ml;fs; ,y;yhky; mopAk;@ kdpj elkhl;lk; ,y;yhky; mikjp cyTk;@ g+kpf;F mbapy; cs;s g+r;rpfs; ntspNaw njhlq;Fk;. kdpjHfs;; ,d;wp mZkpd; epiyak;> mdy;kpd; epiyak; Nghd;wit ntg;gk; Vwp cyfk; KOtJk; ntbj;J midj;J capupdKk; mopAk;. gpd; gy E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF kPz;Lk; kdpjHfs; Njhd;WtH. gpd; me;j kdpjHfs; ek; g+kpiaj; Njhz;bdhy; ehk; cgNahfpj;j nefpop (plastic) kl;LNk fpilf;Fk;. nefpopg;gad;ghl;il epWj;JNthk;! kdpj Fyj;jpw;F tUk; Nguhgj;ijj;jLg;Nghk;! ********** 78

thd;kioNa...! kuq;fs; vy;yhk; mire;jhl! gwitfs; vy;yhk; tpiue;Njhl! FspHfhw;W Nkfj;jpy; gl kioePuha; g+kpiaj; njhl tpiue;Njhbth thd;kioNa! kapy;fs; Njhif tpupj;jhl gapHfs; vy;yhk; nropg;Nghl Foe;ij Js;sp tpisahl tpiue;Njhbth thd;kioNa! ePAk; vk; Kd;NdhHfshy; mkpo;jkha; Nghw;wg;gl;lha; eP cd; mkpo;jj;ijg; nghope;jha; mtHfisr; nropg;NghL itj;jha; ehNdh cd;id mkpokhf khw;wpNdd; eP Rl;lha;...! iftpl;lha;...! ,d;Nwh! kdk; jpUe;jpNdd;! kdk; kfpo! kz; kfpo7 kPz;Lk; cd; mkpo;jj;ijg; nghoptha;! epiwtha; th thd;kioNa....! ehq;fSk; epiyj;jpUg;Nghk; ,g;Gtpjd;dpy; vd;Wk;...!

f. ,skhwd; II B.Sc. (CS) UCSA1614

fhQ;rp efu jpt;aNjrq;fs; Kidtu; r. NyhNf\; cjtpg; Nguhrpupau; jkpo;j;Jiw gy;ytu;fspd; jiyefuhd fhQ;rpGuk; ~efNu\p fhQ;rp| mjhtJ efuq;fspNy rpwe;jJ fhQ;rp khefu; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;efupy; fiy> ,yf;fpak;> nka;apay;> irtk;> itztk; vd gy;NtW rkak; nropj;J ,Ue;jikia rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy Nghd;w ,yf;fpaq;fs; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. 79

Mo;thu;fshy; ghb kq;fshrhrdk; nra;ag;gl;l jyq;fs; jpt;aNjrk; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jpah KOtJk; 108 jpt;aNjrq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;Ws; fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; mike;j jpt;aNjrq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ. fhQ;rp tujuh[g; ngUkhs; jpUfr;rp> `];jpfpup> Ntokiy> mj;jpfpup vd;nwy;yhk; miof;fg;ngUk; g+jj;jho;thH> Ngaho;thH> jpUkq;if Mo;thH. vdg; gy Mo;thHfshy; ,j;jyk; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. gy tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;GfSk; nfhz;l ,f;Nfhapy; tp[aefu Nguurpd; fl;blf; fiyf;Fr; rhd;whf cs;sJ. nrhd;d tz;zk; nra;j ngUkhs; itzt Mo;thHfspy; Kjy; Mo;tuhd ngha;if Mo;thH mtjupj;jj; jpUjyk;. rq;f ,yf;fpakhd ngUg;ghzhw;Wg;gilapy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; jyk; jpUnt/fh MFk;. fzpfz;zd; nghUl;Lj; jpUkopiraho;thH ngUkhid Ntz;bf;nfhs;s> fhQ;rp efiu tpl;L mfyTk; kPz;Lk;te;J jd; ,lj;jpy; NruTk; nra;jjhy;> nrhd;d tz;zk; nra;j ngUkhs;> aNjhj;jfhup vd;W Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whH. m\;lG[g; ngUkhs; ml;lGaf;fuk;> m\;lG[fuk; vd;nwy;yk; miof;fg;gLk; ,j;jyj;jpy;> ahidahfpa kfhre;jd; vd;w KdptUf;F Kf;jp mspj;jjhy; fN[e;jputujd; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;whH. tpsf;nfhspg; ngUkhs; jpUj;jz;fh> J}g;Gy; vd;gjhf ,j;jyk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gpuk;kdpd; ahfj;ij mf;fpdp tbtj;jpy; mopf;f te;jhd; mRud; mtidg; ngUkhs; jdJ ifapy; jPgk; Nghy; Ve;jp ahfj;ijf; fhj;jhu;. Mifapdhy; ,j;jyg; ngUkhs; tpsf;nfhspg; ngUkhs;> jPgg;gpufhrH vd;gjhf miof;fg;gLfpd;whH. Mr;rhupauhd Ntjhe;j NjrpfH mtjhuk; nra;j jpUj;jyk; ,J. jpUNtSf;if tpz;zfuk; nt/fh tpupjpiu ePH Ntq;flk; kz;zfuk; khkhl NtSf;if kz;zfj;j njd;Fle;ij NjdhH jpUtuq;fk; njd; Nfhl;b jd; Flq;if ePNuw;whd; jho;T (%d;whe;jpUte;jhjp-62) vd;W Ngaho;thH ,j;jyj;ij kq;fshrhrdk; nra;fpd;whH. 80

jpUCufj;Jg; ngUkhs; - cyfse;j ngUkhs; Nfhapy; ngUkhspd; tpf;uk mtjhuj;jpd;; fhuzkhfg; ghjhs cyfj;ij mile;jhd; kfhgyp rf;utHjp. mtd; nebJaHe;j cyfse;j Nfhsj;ijf; fhz Ntz;b ngUkhid Nehf;fp jtk; ,Ue;jjd; fhuzkhf> ghjhy cyfj;jpy; MjpNrldhf kfhgyp rf;utHjpf;Ff; fhl;rp je;jjhu;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,j;jyg; ngUkhs; Cufj;jhd; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;whH. ,j;jyj;jpy; NkYk; ePufk;> fhufk;> fhHthdk; vDk; %d;W jpt;aNjrq;fs; cs;sd. jpUf;fs;tD}H fs;td; vd;Dk; ngaH ehuazDf;F cupa ngaHfSs; xd;W. fhkhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpy; jpUf;Fsj;jpd; tlfpof;fpy; epd;whd;> ,Ue;jhd;> fple;jhd; vd;w %d;W jpUf;Nfhyj;ijf; fhl;b %d;wLf;fpy; vOe;jUspAs;shH ngUkhs;. jpUg;ghz;ltJ}jg; ngUkhs; kfhghujj;jpy; fz;zd; gQ;rghz;ltHfSf;Fj; J}Jtuhfr; nrd;whH. mq;F JUNahjdpd; rjpfhuzkhff; fz;zgpuhd; jdJ tpRt&gj;ijf; fhl;l NeHe;jJ. mjd; mk;rkhf ,j;jyk; mike;Js;sJ. jpUepyhj;jpq;fs; Jz;lj;Jg; ngUkhs; xU rkak; ghHtjp jtk; nra;ifapy;> ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;ijj; jPHf;f> ghHtjp jpUkhiy Ntz;l> mjd;gbNa jpUkhy; epytpd; FspHe;j fpuzq;fshy; ghHtjpapd; ahfj;jpw;Fz;lhd jil ePf;fg;gl;ljhy; ,g;ngUkhSf;Fj; jpUepyhj;jpq;fs; Jz;lj;jhd; vd;W ngaH Vw;gl;lnjd;gH. jpUg;gts tz;zH ,j;jyj;jpy; gpuk;kd; ahfj;ijr; ru];tjp Njtp fisf;f vz;zp muf;fH $l;lj;ijg; gilj;J mDg;gpdhs;;. ngUkhs; mt;tuf;fH $l;lj;ijj; Jk;rk; nra;J ,uj;jk; Njha nre;epwkhf> gts tz;zdha; epd;whH vd;gJ Guhzk;. jpUg;guNkr;Ru tpz;zfuk; ,j;jyj;jpy; ngUks; epd;whd;> ,Ue;jhd;> fple;jhd; vd;Dk; %d;W jpUf;Nfhyj;jpy; fhl;rp jUfpd;whH. gy;yt kd;dd; Kjyhk; guNk];tutHkdhy; (fp.gp.669) ,f;Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy;ytH tuyhw;iwr; rpw;gq;fspd; %yk; nrhy;Ytjhf ,f;Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tp[auhftg; ngUkhs; ,uhkH [lhATf;F Nkhl;rkspj;J [lhA jPHj;jj;ij ,q;F cUthf;fpdhH vd;W Guhzk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,uhkhD[H ahjtg; gpufhruplk; fy;tp fw;wJ jpUg;Gl;Fop vDk; ,t;t+upy; MFk;. mtH fy;tp fw;wJ gw;wpa rpw;gk; ,f;Nfhapypy; mike;Js;sJ. KbTiu njhz;il kz;lyk; ~rhd;NwhUilj;J| vd;W Nghw;WtJ ,f;fl;Liuapd; topahf fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; itzt rkak; tsu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij mwpfpd;Nwhk;.

tof;fk;. vt;thW

*****

fy;tpapy; rpwe;j ghujk; gh.kzptz;zd; Jiwj;jiytH> tzpfnrayupay; Jiw Kd;Diu â&#x20AC;&#x153;kdpjd; MAs; KOtJk; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; fw;f kWg;gtd; tho kWg;gtd; Mfpwhd; - = uhk fpU\;zH1 fy;tp vd;gJ ekJ tho;f;ifapy; ,d;wpaikahj mk;rk; MFk;. kdpjd; jdJ Mwhk; mwptpid rupahd topapy; gad; gLj;j fy;tp mtrpakhfpwJ. ey;y fy;tpNa xUtid gz;G cs;stdhfTk;> mwpT cs;stdhfTk; khw;Wk;. ,j;jifa epiyapy; ekJ ngUik tha;e;j fy;tp ek;Kila Guhjd ghujj;jpy; vt;thW ,Ue;Js;sJ? ,d;iwf;Fg; gyUk; $Wtijg; Nghy ehk; goq;fhyj;jpy; ey;y fy;tp fy;yhjtHfshf ,Ue;Js;Nshkh? mt;thW ,Ue;jhy; vg;gb ngUk; ,jp`hrq;fisAk;> Guhzq;fisAk; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Uf;f KbAk;. cjhuzkha; jpUf;Fws;> rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;> ,yf;fzq;fs;> Nghd;wit jkpopYk;> rk];f;Ujj;jpYk;> ,d;Dk; gpw ,e;jpa nkhopfspSk; Njhd;wp ,Uf;f KbAk;? ,d;iwf;F Kd;Ndwpa ehLfs; vd;W mwpag;gLk; gy Nkiy ehl;L kf;fs; ehNlhbfsha; jpupe;j fhyj;jpNyNa ehk;> jdp muR Kiw> nkhop> ,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk; vd;W ,Ue;Js;Nshk;. Mf fy;tpapy; ek;Kila epiy vd;d> 1

fy;tp> Rthkp rpj;gthde;jH> gf;fk; 1> ,uhkfpU\;z jNghtdk;.

ngUik jhd; vd;d? ,j;jifa Nfs;tpfSf;F tpil fhZk; rpW Kaw;rpNa ,f;fl;Liu. nghUs; fy;tp vd;gJ ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j xU nrhy; jhd;. Mdhy; mjd; cz;ikahd nghUspid ehk; mwpe;Js;Nshkh vd;why; Vkhw;wNk kpQ;Rk;. Mf fy;tp vd;gjd; cz;ikahdg; nghUs; jhd; vd;d? ,jw;F Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; thf;fpidf; fhz;Nghk;. “fy;tp vd;gJ vd;d? mJ Gj;jf gbg;gh ,y;iy> mJ gytifg;gl;l mwpit Njb nfhs;tjh? mJTk; ,y;iy. rq;fw;gj;jpd; Nghf;ifAk;> ntspg;ghl;ilAk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; nfhz;L te;J> gadspf;FkhW nra;fpd;w xU gapw;rpNa fy;tpahFk;"2. Mf Rthkpapd; Gj;jff;fy;tpad;W. 

thf;fpy; ,Ue;J ghHj;jhy; fy;tp vd;gJ mJ Gj;jhf;fk; nra;tjha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ntWk;

"kdpjdplj;jpy; Vw;fdNt ,Uf;fpd;w g+uzj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gLj;JtJ fy;tp"3

vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,jpYk; Rthkp mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLtJ g+uzj;Jtk; vd;w KOikia. fy;tp vd;gJ KOikahd fy;tpaha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kdpjdplk; cs;s jpwikfis ntspf;nfhzHtjhfTk;> Nkk;gLj;JtjhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. m/jhtJ kdpjid Nkk;gLj;JtNj fy;tpapd; Nehf;fkha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Rthkp[papd; nfhs;if. Mdhy; ,d;iwa fy;tp vd;gJ vt;thW cs;sJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; gz;ila ghujj;jpy; ,Ue;j fy;tp rpwe;jjhfTk;> midj;Jg; gpupT kf;fSf;fhdjhfTk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. fy;tpapd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;4 

fy;tp vd;gJ ekJ Foe;ijfSf;F ey;nyhOf;fj;ijAk;> Ra fl;Lghl;ilAg; Nghjpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

QhdjPpgk;> RlH 11> gf;fk; 176> ,uhkfpU\;z klk;.

QhdjPpgk;> RlH 9> gf;fk; 240> ,uhkfpU\;z klk;.

A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, page 574, Vol I A-G, Swami Harshananda, Ramakrishna math, Karnataka.



,aw;ifapd; tpjpfisg; Nghjpg;gjha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.



ekJ mwpTj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;JtjhAk;> Gjpa tp\aq;fis mwpa $ba Mtiy J}z;LtjhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,j;jifa Nfhl;ghLfis cs;slf;fpNa ekJ fy;tp ,Ue;Js;sJ. midj;Jf; fiyfisAk; cs;slf;fpajhfTk; ,Ue;Js;sJ.

NkYk; fy;tp

fy;tpapd; $Wfs; gz;ila fhyj;jpy; fy;tpahdJ %d;W Kf;fpa $Wfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mit khztd;> FU> fy;tp vd;gdthFk;. khztd; khztHfs; FUtpdlj;jpy; 'cw;Wop cjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhLj;Jk;" kpFe;j kupahijAlDk;> mtUf;F gzptpilfs; nra;Jk;> jFe;j fy;tpiaf; fw;f Ntz;Lk;. FU FU vd;gtH ahH vd;W gfthd; uhkfpU\;zH $WfpwhH> “vy;NyhUk; FU Mfptpl KbahJ> ngupa kuf;fl;il jhDk; kpjf;Fk;> gy kdpjHfisAk; kpUfq;fisAk;$l Vw;wpr; nry;Yk;. Mdhy; cWjpaw;w fl;ilapd;kPJ Vwpdhy; fl;ilAk; %o;Fk;> VwpatDk; %o;Fthd;"5. mJ Nghy; FU vd;gtH jhDk; caHe;J jd;Dila khztHfisAk; caHj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhH. FUthdtH mf;fhyj;jpy; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ty;ytuha; ,Ug;ghH. NkYk; FUthdtH khztHfisj; jq;fSld; jq;f itj;J> jq;fs; ,y;yq;fspy; guhkupj;Jf; fy;tp fw;W jUthHfs;. Mf ,tHfsplj;jpy; ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ mHg;gzpg;G czHthFk;. ,tHfs; nghJthf vt;tpj gpujp gyd; ,y;yhJ fy;tp fw;W jUthHfs;. Mdhy; ,tHfSf;F Ntz;ba cjtpfisr; nry;te;jHfs; jq;fs; flikaha; nra;J te;Js;shHfs;. fy;tp gz;ilaf;fhyj;jpy; ghujk; fy;tpapy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpAs;sJ. ghujj;jpy; ngWk;ghYk; FUFy KiwapYk; tPl;bd; jpz;izfspYk; jhd; fy;tp fw;W 5

= uhkfpU\;zupd; mKj nkhopfs;> njhFjp 1>gf;fk; 44 =uhkfpU\;z klk;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj Neuj;jp kjk; rhHe;j fy;tpAk; mjpfk; Nghjpf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. gpw ehl;by; ,Ue;J fy;tp fw;f tUtij tof;fkha; nfhz;bUe;Js;sdH. Athd; Rthq;> gh`pahd;> my;ngUdp Nghd;w ntsp ehl;L mwpQHfs; midtUk; gz;ilaf; fy;tpapd; Nkd;ikia ntFthf tpae;J ghuhl;bAs;sdH. rHtfyhrhiyfs; (gy;fiyfofq;fs;) Nkiy ehLfspy; caH fy;tp vd;w xd;W ,y;yhj fhyj;jpNyNa ehl;by; rHtfyhrhiyfs; gy ,Ue;Js;sd. gz;ilia ghujj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;w rHt fyhrhiyfs; gy ,Ue;Js;sd. mit ehse;jh> jf;\rPyk;> tpf;ukrPyk;> cle;jhGup> NrhkGuk;> [fj;jhyk;> ty;yb> khz;aNflk;> G\;gfpup> ,uj;jpdfpup> rhujh gPlk; (,d;iwa fh\;kPH) MFk;.6 Fwpg;ghf jkpo;ehl;by; fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; fbfh];jhdk;> jpUg;ghjpupGypa+H> kJiuf;fUfpy; rkzHfspd; ciwtplg;gs;spfs; Nghd;witahFk;. NkYk; ,d;iwa fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; cs;s Vfhk;gNu];tuH Nfhapy; njUtpy; gy jkpo; gs;spfSk;> rk];f;Uj fbiffSk; ,Ue;Js;sijg; gy jkpo; E}y;fSk; njuptpf;fpd;wd. Vwj;jho fp.gp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; Njhd;wpa ehse;jh gy;fiyfofj;jpy; RkhH 11 Mapuk; khztHfSk;> 1540 MrpupaHfSk; ,Ue;Js;sdH> 18 ghlg;gpupTfspy; khztHfs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;ldH. ,f;fy;tp rhiyapidg; guhkupf;f 100 fpuhkq;fs; epte;jq;fshf nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jpy; MrpupaHfs; Jthu gz;bjHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH. E}yfk; ,Ue;Js;sijAk;> khztHfSf;F EioTj;NjHT ,Ue;Js;sijAk; mfoha;thyHfs; fz;lwpe;Js;sdH. NkYk; ,d;iwa etpdr; r%fj;jpy; cs;sijg; Nghy; tpupTiuahsH kz;lgq;fSk; ,Ue;Js;sd. ehse;jh gy;fiyfofk; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; ek; ehl;bidj; jtpHj;J cyfpy; nkhj;jk; %d;W gy;fiyfofq;fNs ,Ue;Js;sd.7 mit nghJ Mz;L 972-,y; nfa;Nuhtpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l my; m[hH> ,j;jhypapy; nghJ Mz;L 1088 njhlq;fg;gl;l ghnyhf;dh> ,q;fpyhe;jpy; nghJ Mz;L 1167 njhlq;fg;gl;l Mf;];NghHL gy;fiyfofq;fshFk;.8 rPd ahj;uPfH Athd; Rthq; jd; gazf;Fwpg;gpy; gjpe;Js;sjhtJ> jhd; ehye;jhtpy; ngsj;j jj;JtKk;> ngsj;j #j;jpuq;fisAk; fw;Wj; NjHe;jjhfTk; 6

World's First Universities, Eternally Talented India 108 Facts, Vivekananda Institute of Human Excellence, page 258

fy;tpf;fhf E}W fpuhkq;fs;> kiwf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpah> v];. uhkfpU\;zd;> tpfld; gpuRuk;> Mf];l; 2013> gf;fk; 18-19. mwpKf gf;fk;> ehye;jh gy;fiyfofj;jpd; mjpfhug+Ht tiyjsk;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. NkYk; jhd; fhQ;rpapy; cs;s fy;tprhiyapy; ciu epfo;j;jpajhfTk;> ehL jpUk;Gk; NghJ> jd;Dld; 657 njhFjpfshf;fg;gl;l 520 ngsj;j gpujpfs;> mjpy; 224 njhFjpfsps; ngsj;j #j;jpuq;fs;> 192 njhFjpfs; jHf;f rh];j;jpuq;fisAk; vLj;J nrd;wjhfTk; cs;sJ. ,jpypUe;J ehk; jpz;zkhf mwptJ xU fhyj;jpy; cyfpw;Nf ehk; fy;tpapy; topfhl;bapUf;fpNwhk; vd;gjhFk;. ekJ gz;ila ghujkhdJ fy;tpAld; gw;gy mwpa E}y;fisAk; gilj;J mwpT tsHr;rpapy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpAs;sJ. mit gw;wpar; rpy nra;jpfisf; fhz;Nghk;. epfz;L9 ,d;iwf;F ehk; thHij vjw;fhtJ mHj;jk; fhz tpUk;gpdhy; mfuhjpfisg; ghHfpNwhk;. mJ Nghy; mf;fhyj;jpy; epfz;Lfs; ,Ue;Js;sd. 

ah]fhrhHaH vd;w gz;bjuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lNj ~epUf;jh| vd;w epfz;L. ,e;E}y; thHj;ijf;F mHj;jk; kl;Lk; nrhy;yhky;> mjw;F cz;lhd %y NtH vOj;ijAk;> ,izahd kw;w nrhw;fisAk; fhl;LfpwJ.



mkurpk;`H vd;guhy; vOjg;gl;lNj |mkuNfh]k;| MFk;. ypq;fDrhrdk;| vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.



juzpjrhuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l |mNefhHj;jrhuh|



fpgp 600 Mk; Mz;bid rhHe;j rh];tjhrhHauhy; vOjg;gl;l |mNdfhHj;j rhKf;fah|.



vl;lhk; E}w;whz;by; cUthd |jpthfuk;| my;yJ jpthfu epfz;L.



gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by; vOjg;gl;l |gpq;fye;ij| vd;w gpq;fy epfz;L.



jdQ;raupd; |ehkkhyh| (8 my;yJ 9Mk; E}w;whz;L)



fpgp 1050 ,y; ahjt gpuhf]uhy; vOjg;gl;l |itn[ae;jp|



1594 ,y; vOjg;gl;l|mfuhjp| epfz;L.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l E}y;fs; xU rpW Fwpg;G kl;LNkahFk;. ,d;Dk; gyg;gy E}y;fs; ek; ehl;bd; rpe;jid moifAk;> ntspf;fhl;LfpwJ. 9

,e;E}y; ~ehk

,ij Nghd;W ngUikiaAk;

jkpo; Ngufuhjp> jpUj;jpa tpupTg; gjpg;G> nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> gf;fk; 54> njhFjp-1.

,yf;fzk; xU nkhopf;F ,d;wpaikahjJ ,yf;fzk; MFk;. ,yf;fz MSikNa nkhopia ed;wha; NgrTk;> vOjTk; jFe;j Kiwapy; gaz;gLj;jTk; cjTfpwJ. jkpo; njd;wy; vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;l jpUtp.f. mtHfs; $WfpwhH> “fp.K Mwhk; E}w;whz;bNyNa RkhH gjpide;J tpj ,yf;fzq;fs; Njhd;wpd vd rupj;jpu MrpupaHfs; $wpaijf; fhl;LfpwhH.10 ek; ghujj;jpy; ghdpdp> fhj;ahazH> gjQ;ryp Nghd;w KdptHfSk;> up\pfSk; rk];f;Ujj;jpw;fhd ,yf;fz E}y;fis Mf;fpAs;shHfs;. jkpOf;Fk; mfj;jpak;> njhy;fhg;gpak;> ed;D}y; Nghd;w ,yf;fz E}y;fs; ehk; mwpe;jNj. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gfs; gy ngw;W ,Ue;j ek; fy;tpahdJ> cyfpw;Nf topfhl;baha; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; vt;thW ,g;gb khwpaJ vd;gij ghHNghk;. Mq;fpNyaHfshy; mopf;fg;gl;l fy;tp Mq;fpNyaHfs; fhyk;tiu ekJ ghujk; fy;tpapy; rpwe;jjhfNt ,Ue;Js;sJ. ew;$Wfs; gy nfhz;l ek; ghuk;gupa fy;tpahdJ Mq;fpNyaHfspd; fhyj;jpy; jpl;lkpl;L mopf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ijnahw;wpNa ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; gyUk; Mq;fpNyaHfshy; jhd; ekJ fy;tp Nkk;gl;lJ vd;W vz;ZfpwhHfs;. Mdhy; ,j;jifa vz;zq;fs; jtW vd;W gy Ma;Tfs; njuptpfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,j;jifa tPo;rr ; p Vw;gl fhuzk; jhd; vd;d vd;W ghHj;jhy; xw;iw tupapy; tpil fpilf;Fk;. mJ Mq;fpNyaHfs; jq;fs; Ml;rpia epiy epWj;jNt vd;W njupAk;. ,jw;F tYr;NrHf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; RkhH 180 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; gpupl;b\; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ciu epfo;j;jpa mjd; Kf;fpa cWg;gpdUk;> gy Kf;fpa gjtpfis tfpj;jtUkhd jpU. nkf;fhNy vd;gtH $wpaij ghHNghk;> “I have travelled across the length and breadth of India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar who is a thief. Such wealth I have seen in this country such high moral values people of such caliber that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system her culture for if the Indian think that all that is foreign and English is good and

jpUtpf jkpo;fn ; fhil> jkpo;kz; gjpg;gfk;> gf;fk; 40.

greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem their native culture and they will become what we want them a truly dominated nation" 11 mf;NlhgH 20> 1931y; kfhj;kh fhe;jp yz;ldpy; ,Uf;F uhay; ,d;];bl;Al; M/g; ,z;lHNe\dy; m/gaH]py; xU ePz;l ciu Mw;wpdhH. Mjpy;> ~~,e;jpahtpy; fy;tp fle;j 50-100 tUlq;fshf mope;J tUfpwJ> mjw;F gpupl;b\hNu fhuzk; vd;W njuptpj;Js;shH. NkYk; ,q;fpUf;Fk; ajhHj;j epiyia Nkk;gLj;jhky;> kz;id Njhz;b Ntiu gpLq;fp vLj;J Muha;e;J gpd;G mg;gbNa tpl;Ls;shHfs;. Mjyhy; ,e;jpa fy;tp KiwahdJ mope;J tUfpwJ vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH".12 mofpa kuk; vd;w E}ypy; mjd; MrpupaH ,t;thW njuptpfpd;whH> “ve;j Foe;ijAk; jpUk;gpNa gLj;jpuhj Ntisapy; eil tz;biag; gpbj;J eil gofpa Foe;ijapd; eiltz;biag; gpLq;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;L ntWkNd elf;Fk; msTf;F kl;LNk gof;fp itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mf;Foe;ijia mjd; Nghf;fpy; tpl;bUe;jhy; mf;Foe;ij XlTk; Vd; gwf;fTk; nra;jpUf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,jw;Fk; rpyH eiltz;bapd; cjtpahy; elf;Fk; Foe;ij ,d;W jhda; elf;fpwNj vd;W thjk; GupfpwhHfs;".13 Mf> ,jpy; ,Ue;J ekJ fy;tpapd; goq;fhy rpwg;gpidAk; vf;fhyj;jpy; mjd; tpo;r;rp njhlq;fpaJ vd;Wk; ehk; njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. KbTiu ,e;jpa ehL gok;ngUikfs; gy cilaJ. ekJ Kd;NdhHfs; gy fiyfis tsHj;Js;shHfs;. fy;tpapy; rpwe;j ghujk; vd;w thf;fpw;F Vw;g ,Ue;j ek; ehL ,d;W etPdf;fy;tp vd;w epiyapy; Nkiy ehl;L Nkhfj;jpy; rpf;fpAs;sJ. kughd ekJ fy;tpapy; gz;G rhHe;j> xOf;fk; rhHe;j fy;tp ,Ue;jJ. Mdy; ,d;W kjpg;ngz; rhHe;jhfTk;> Ntiy ngWtjw;fhfTk; vd khwptpl;lJ. jpU. [hd; khy;fk; vd;w Mq;fpNya mjpfhup 1821 Mz;L Fwpg;gpLifapy;> “khw;wq;fSk;> nfhLq;Nfhd;ikAk; eilngw;W te;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,e;ehl;by; ngUghyhd kf;fs; ,e;j msT ew;gz;GfSlDk;>

Macaulay|s Game Plan of Westernizing Indian Generations, Eternally Talented India 108 Facts, page 271, Vivekananda Institute of Human Excellence.

kiwf;fg;gl;l ghujk;> gp MH. kfhNjtd;> gf;fk; 23> fpof;F gjpg;gfk;.

mofpa kuk;> gf;fk; 18> juk;ghy;> jkpopy; gp MH. kfhNjtd;> ahopdp.

B. Durga Prasad, UCRA1542, II B.Com. (C.S.)(1) 108

rpwe;j juj;JlDk; ,Ue;jijg; Nghd;w cjhuzj;ij Ntnwq;Fk; fz;ljpy;iy"14 vd;fpwhH. ekJ jhHkPf xOf;fKk;> mwnewp rhHe;j tho;f;ifAk; ekJ fy;tpahy; tpistJ. Mjyhy; ek; ehl;bd; ngUikia czHe;J mwk; rhHe;j fy;tp fw;W> mwk; rhHe;j tho;f;ifia tho;Nthk;. kPz;Lk; cyfpd; caHe;j gz;Gkpf;f kdjuha;> r%fkha; khWNthk;.

********

M. Deepak, UCRA1665 I B.Com. (C.S.)

etPd fhy ,e;jpah> gpgd; re;jpuh> gf;fk; 66 epA nrQ;Rup Gf; `T];.

ek; ghuk;gupak; mwpNthk; - 2 gh. kzptz;zd; Jiwj;jiytH> tzpfnrayupay; Jiw ghuk;gupak; vd;gJ vd;d? guk;giuahf tUtJ> toptopahf tUtJ vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; cyfj;jpy; midj;JNk khWjYf;F cl;gl;lJ jhd;. gioad fopjYk; Gjpad GFjYk; vd;gJ ehk; mwpe;jJ jhd;. Mdhy; ekJ njhd;ikia ehk; kwj;jy; $lhJ. ekJ ehl;bd; fiy> fy;tp ,d;Dk; gytw;wpd; ghuk;gupa rpwg;Gfis ehk; vz;zp ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtw;wpd; ngUikfis ehk; gpwUf;F vLj;Jiuj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;tifapy; ek; ghuk;gupa rpwg;Gfsha; ,Uf;Fk; rpw;gf;fiy rpwg;Gfs; rpytw;iw rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHNghk;.

fl;blk;

kw;Wk;

fl;bl kw;Wk; rpw;gf;fiy ek; ehL fl;blf;fiyf;Fr; rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. ek; fl;blf;fiy tho;tpay; njhlHGila fl;blq;fs; (cjhuzk;: khspiffs;> kz;lgq;fs;) kw;Wk; topghl;bay; njhlHGila fl;blq;fs; (cjhuzk;: Nfhapy;fs;> topghl;L kz;lgq;fs;) vd;W gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.1 ,f;fl;Liu topg;ghl;bay; njhlHghdJ. mjhtJ ek; Kd;NdhHfs; vt;thW Nfhapy;fis fiyr; rpwg;G kpf;fjhf mikj;Js;shHfs;> mjd; rpw;gr;rpwg;Gfs; Nghd;wtw;iw rpwpa mstpy; $wtpioe;Js;Nsd;. Mf ,f;fl;Liu Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpa KOikahd fl;Liu md;W. xU ghid Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW gjk; vd;gijg; Nghd;W xU rpyf;Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpaJ. mNj Ntisapy; ,f;fl;Liu rkak; rhHe;jjd;W. ek; fiy ghuk;gupar; rpwg;Gfisr; rpwpa mstpNyDk; ,sk; jiyKiwapdUf;Fj; njuptpf;Fk; xU Kaw;rpahFk;. ~~Myak; njhOtJ rhyTk; ed;W" ~~Nfhapy; ,y;yh Cupy; FbapWf;f Ntz;lh" Nghd;w nrhw;NwhlHfis ehk; mwpNthk;. Myak; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Nfhapy;fs; vd;gJ ntWk; topghl;Lf;FupaJ md;W. Nfhapy;fs; ekJ fyhrhuj;ijAk;> ghuk;gupaj;ijAk; mLj;j jiyKiwapdHf;F czHj;Jk; 1

jkpoH ehfupfk;> Kjy; njhFjp> njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tj;Jiw> 1994.

njhFg;ghrpupaH-eld.

fhrpehjd;>

jkpo;

ehL

muR

,lkhFk;. ,J xU FwpaPL. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,irauq;fq;fs;> ehlfNkilfs;> fiyr; rhiyfs;> nghUf;fhl;rpfs;> Xtpaf; $lq;fs; Nghd;witfs; ntt;Ntwhf ,Ug;gij Nghy; gz;ilaf; fhyj;jpy; ,y;iy. ,itaidj;ijAk; cs;slf;fp Nfhapy;fis ek; Kd;NdhHfs; cUthf;fpdH.2 Mjyhy;jhd; Nfhapy;fspy; flTs; tpf;fpu`q;fis jhz;b gy fiyr; rpwg;Gfis m/jhtJ rpwg;G tha;e;j rpw;gq;fSk;> rpj;jpuq;fSk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. Nfhapy;fs; - rpy mbg;gil nra;jpfs; jkpof; Nfhapy;fs; jdp rpwg;G tha;e;jjhAk;> ntWk; fl;blq;fshf ,y;yhky; fiyrpw;gq;fisAk;> EZf;fq;fisAk; kpFjpahf nfhz;Ls;sJ. mikg;gpidf; nfhz;L Nfhl;lk; kw;Wk; mk;gyk; vd;W gFj;Js;shHfs;. rq;f fhyf;Nfhapy;fs; ngUk;ghYk; nrq;fy; fl;blq;fshfNt ,Ue;Js;sd. Mjyhy; fhy Row;rpahy; ngWk;ghd;ikahd Nfhapy; fl;Lkhdq;fs; mope;Js;sd. ,e;epiyapy; Kw;fhy ghz;baHfSk;> gy;ytHfSk; fUq;fw;fisf; nfhz;L fl;l Muk;gpj;jdH. mij njhlHe;Nj Nfhapy;fs; fw;wspfshf cUkhw;wk; ngw Muk;gpj;jd. ,jd; Muk;gk; Filtiu Nfhapy;fshf ,Ue;jd. ,jpy; gy;ytHfs; gy GJikfisr; nra;jdH. Nfhapy; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; gy;ytHfs;> NrhoHfs;> ghz;baHfs;> NruHfs; kw;Wk; gpw murHfSk; GJikahd cj;jpfisf; ifahz;L ekJ Nfhapy; fl;Lkhdf; fiyapid cyfpd; cr;rj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdH.3 gy;ytHfhy Nfhapy;fs; jkpof Nfhapy;fspd; fl;Lkhdf;fiyf;Fg; gy;ytHfspd; gq;F msg;gupaJ. cyf Gfo; tha;e;j fhQ;rpg;Guj;jpy; gy Nfhapy;fs;> khky;yGuk; kw;Wk; gpw ,lq;fspy; mikj;j Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs;> Nghd;witfs; kpf;f rpwg;G tha;e;jitahFk;. ,tw;iw mwpQHfs; xw;iw fy; Nfhapy;fs; (Ie;J ujf;Nfhapy;) kw;Wk; fl;Lkhdf;Nfhapy;fs; (flw;fiu Nfhapy;) vd;W gpupj;Js;shHfs;. gy;ytHfs; Fd;Wfis ntspg;Gwj;jpypUe;J rpwpJ rpwpjhf nrJf;fp Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fis mikj;Jj; jdp ghzpia cUthf;fpdH.

rpw;gk;-Nfhapy; kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp Ma;Tf; fsQ;rpak;> njhFjp - 12> jkpoff; fiy tuyhW> gjpg;G tP muR> jkpo;kz; gjpg;gfk;> gjpg;G 2014. jkpoH ehfupfk;> Kjy; njhFjp> njhFg;ghrpupaH-eld. fhrpehjd;> jkpo; ehL muR njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tj;Jiw> 1994.

NrhoH fhy Nfhapy;fs;: NrhoHghzp fl;Lkhdq;fs; kw;nwhU fiy rpwg;G vd;Nw $wyhk;. gpuk;khz;l fl;likg;G> jdpj;Jtkhd rpw;gq;fs; Nghd;witfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk; cyf ghuk;gupar; rpd;dq;fshf mwpag;gLk; jQ;ir ngupaf;Nfhapy;> fq;if nfhz;l NrhoPr;RtuH Nfhapy;> jhuhRuk; IuhtjPr;tuH Nfhapy;> Fle;ij rhuq;fghzp Nfhapy;> ehNfr;Rtud; Nfhapy;> Nghd;wit NrhoHfspd; ghzpiaf; Fwpg;gpLk; rpyjhFk;.4 ghz;baHfs;> tp[aefu kd;dHfs;> ehaf;fH fhy Nfhapy;fs; ghz;baHfSk; kpFjpahf Nfhapy;fisf; fl;bAs;sdH. kJiuapy; ,Uf;Fk; kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhapy;> fy;yofH Nfhapy; Nghd;wit fiyr;rpwg;G tha;e;jit.5 ehaf;fH ghzp fiy gilg;GfSf;F kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhapy; NfhGuk;> jpUtz;zhkiy NfhGuk; kw;Wk; jpUkiy ehaf;fH k`hy; Mfpait cyf Gfo; ngw;wJ. ehaf;f kd;dHfspd; fhyj;jpy; jhd; kpf ngupa NfhGuq;fisf; fl;Lk; ghzp kpFjpahfpad. NkYk; ghz;baHfSk; gy Filtiufis Vw;gLj;jpAs;shHfs;. fhQ;rpGuf;Nfhapy;fs; fhQ;rpGuk; fiyfspd; gpwg;gplk; vd;Nw $wyhk;. ekJ Kd;NdhHfs; ,e;efiur; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpAs;shHfs;. fiyfspd; rpwg;gplk; fhQ;rpf;F cz;L.

efNu\ fhQ;rp vd;W mt;tifapy; Nfhapy;

Vfhk;gNur;tuH Nfhapy; fr;rp Vfk;gk; vd;w Guhzg; ngaH nfhz;l ,f;Nfhapy; gy;ytHfs; njhlq;fp> NrhoHfs;> tp[a efu kd;dHfs; vdg; gyuhYk; fiy rpwg;Gfs; gy nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,f;Nfhapypy; cs;s khkuk; 3500 Mz;Lfs; goik tha;e;jJ. Mapuq;fhy; kz;lgk; ,q;F kl;LNk cs;sJ. kw;NwhU fiy rpwg;G ,q;fpUf;Fk; r`];uypq;fk; MFk;. xNu ypq;fj;jpy; 1008 rpW ypq;fq;fs; tbf;fg;gl;bUg;gNj r`];uypq;fk; vdg;gLk;. ,f;Nfhapypd; %y];jhdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ypq;fk; kzy; ypq;fkhFk;.

fy;ntl;L nrhy;Yk; Nfhapy; fijfs;> Flthapy; ghyRg;ukzpad;> #upad; gjpg;gfk;> Kjy; gjpg;G 2016 gz;ghl;L mirTfs;> njh. gurptd;> fhy RtL gg;spNf\d;r;> gjpide;jhk; gjpg;G 2017

ifyha ehjH Nfhapy; gy;ytHfspd; kw;NwhU cd;dj fiy gilg;G ,f;Nfhapy;. ,J uh[rpk;kd; vd;w gy;yt kd;ddhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,f;Nfhapy; mikg;G jpuhtpl mikg;gpidf; nfhz;lJ. xUtifapy; ,f;Nfhapy; fl;llikg;GfSf;F topj; Njhd;wyha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,f;Nfhapypd; cs; Rw;W Fif tbtpy; ,Ug;gJ jdpj;JtkhdJ. ,q;Fg; gy kzw;rpw;gq;fs; cs;sJ. tPiz thrpf;Fk; rptd;> fhydp mzpe;j rptd;> Nghd;wit ,q;F kl;LNk cs;sd. ,f;Nfhapy; njhy;ypay; Jiwapdupd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Uf;fpwJ. itFe;j ngUkhs; Nfhapy; guNk];tutHkd; vd;w murdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. Kw;fhy gy;ytHfspd; ghzpia xw;wp Fd;wpidr; nrJf;fp Kk;khlf;Nfhapyhf mikj;Js;shHfs;. ,f;Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;l fhyk; fpgp669 MFk;. jpUkhypd; Kd;W epiyfshd ,Ue;jhd;> fple;jhd;> epd;whd; vd %d;W khlj;jpy; jpUkhypd; jpUTUtj;jpid mikj;Js;shHfs;. ,f;Nfhapypd; jdpr;rpwg;G gy;ytHfspd; tuyhw;wpidg; Gilg;G rpw;gkhf mikj;Js;sdH. NkYk;> ,q;fpUf;Fk; kzw;rpw;gq;fs; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;jd. tujuh[ ngUkhs; Nfhapy; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w ,f;Nfhapypy; ,Uf;Fk; 100fhy; kz;lgk; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. NkYk; ,k;kz;lgj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fw;rq;fyp jdpj;JtkhdJ. ,jpypUf;Fk; rq;fypapd; tisaq;fs; xd;NwhL xd;W ,ize;Js;sd. cNyhfj;jpy; ,J Nghd;W nra;aKbAk;. Mdhy; fUq;fy;ypy; ,t;thW nrJf;fpapUg;gJ fiy jpwikf;F XH vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. ,f;Nfhapy; Fsj;jpd; ePuhopkz;lgj;jpd; gf;fthl;by; ePUf;F mbapypUf;Fk; mj;jp tujH cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wJ. jQ;ir kw;Wk; Fle;ij Nfhapy;fs;

NrhoHfspd; gy cd;dj; fiy gilg;Gfs; ,Uf;F ,lq;fs; ,JthFk;. gy;ytHfSf;Ff; Filtiufs; vd;gJ Nghy; NrhoHfspd; fiy rpwg;GfSf;Fr; rhd;whf EZf;fkhd gy;NtW rpw;gq;fSk;> jdpj;Jtkhd rpiyfSk;> Nfhapy; fl;Lkhd mikg;GfSk; cs;s ,lk; jQ;ir khtl;lkhFk;.

jQ;rht+H> Flthapy; ghyRukzpad; - mfuk; gjpg;gfk;> ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G> 2017.

jQ;ir ngupa Nfhapy;7 ,f;Nfhapypd; mikg;G kw;Wk; %y];jhdypq;fk; ngupajha; cs;sjhy; ngupa Nfhapy; vd;w fhuzg;ngauhy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mijf;fle;J gy rpwg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ ,f;Nfhapy;. mtw;Wy; rpy:



,f;Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;l fhyk; fpgp 995 Kjy; 1025 tiu MFk;.



jkpofj;jpy; vq;Fkpy;yh rpwg;ghf rptg;G epw fy;ypdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ.



,f;Nfhapypd; fl;Lkhdijg; gw;wp $Wk; njhy;ypay; Ma;thsHfs;> ,f;Nfhapy; ,d;Dk; gy E}W Mz;LfSf;F Nky; tYthf ,Uf;Fk;. Vndd;why; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; fw;fis ntWk; Nky; g+r;rpdhy; kl;Lk; ,izf;ftpy;iy. fw;fis Kz;L> gs;sKkha;> mjhtJ gs;sk; cs;s fy;ypd; Nky; Kz;L cs;s fy;ypid mLf;fp itj;Jf; fl;bAs;sdH. NkYk; mf;fw;fs; ed;F mOe;Jk; tifapy; mjd; Nky; 80 lz; vilAs;s fpuidl; tif fy;ypdhy; nra;j cUis tbt tpkhdj;ij mikj;Js;sdH. ,d;iwf;Fk; vt;thW mj;jifa vilAs;s fy;ypid Nky; nfhz;L nrd;wdH vd;gJ Ma;Tf;FupaJ. Vndd;why; ,f;Nfhapypd; cauk; 63 kPl;lH MFk;.



fUtiu fl;bl mikg;G tpj;ahrkhdJ. cl;Gw RtH kw;Wk; ntspg;Gw RtHfs; mikj;J> mjd; kPJ tpkhdk; mike;Js;sJ.



,uz;lhk; js topahf Eioe;J mz;zhe;J ghHj;jhy; tpkhdj;jpd; cl;gFjpapd; fiy tbtj;ijf; fhzyhk;. = tpkhdj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; jsj;jpy; rptngUkhdpd; fuzr; rpw;gq;fs; cs;sd. Rw;W miwahd rhe;jhug;gFjpapy; |jyG\;gGlk;| vDk; kyH mQ;rypapy; njhlq;fp 81 rpw;gq;fs; cs;sd. NkYk; 27 rpw;gq;fs; nrJf;ff; fw;fs; gjpf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd.



gy Nfhapy;fspYk; khHfz;NlaH fhl;rp rpw;gkhf tbf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ. Mdhy; ,f;Nfhapypy; fhyfhy %Hj;jp vd;w ngaupy; khHfz;NlaH Guhzk; %d;W ,lq;fspy; rpw;gq;fspd; thapyhf tpsf;fg; gLfpwJ.



jpURw;W khspifapy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fhl;rpfshf

jpUtpisahlw;

,uh[uhN[r;Ruk;> Flthapy; ghyRukzpad; - mfuk; gjpg;gfk;> ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G> 2017.

Guhzk;



,f;Nfhapy; tpkhdj;jpd; ehd;F cUtq;fs; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.



,f;Nfhapypd; kw;NwhU rpwg;G rpd;dkhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gf;fj;jpYk;

gpwehLfspd;

Ad];Nfhtpdhy;

cyf

kdpj

ghuk;gupa

fq;if nfhz;l NrhoGuk;:8 NrhoHfspd; XH cd;dj fiy gilg;G ,f;NfhapyhFk;. ,ij fl;ba kd;dd; ,uhN[e;jpu Nrhod;. vt;thW ,uh[uh[Df;Ff; ngupaf;NfhapNyh mijg; Nghd;W ,t;turDf;F ,f;NfhapyhFk;. XU ehl;bd; jiyefuha; ,Ue;j ,lj;ijg; gw;wp mwpa ,d;W ,Uf;F milahsk; ,f;Nfhapy; kl;LNk. ,tw;wpd; fiy rpwg;Gfs;: 

,f;Nfhapypd; mikg;G jQ;ir ngupaf;Nfhapypidg; Nghd;W ,Ue;jhYk; rpy tpj;ahrq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.



,UgJ iffSld; $ba JHf;if rpiy> xNu fy;ypdhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l etfpuf rpiy> tq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L tug;gl;l ru];tjp rpiy> gz;ila fypq;fj;jpypUe;J nfhz;L tug;gl;l igutH> igutp Nghd;w rpiyfSk; kpf;f rpwg;G tha;e;jd.



,k;kd;ddhy; tzq;fg;gl;l KUfH> Nrhkh];fe;jH> mjpfhu ee;jp Nghd;w rpiyfs; fiy EZf;fq;fs; gy nfhz;ljhFk;.



rz;b Njtpf;F khiyapLk; rz;Nlr mDf;fpu` %Hj;jp> jpUkfs;> fiykfs; rpiyfs; cyfg; Gfo; tha;e;jJ.

jhur;Ruk; IuhtNj];tuH Nfhapy;9 NrhoH fl;bl mikg;gpYk;> rpw;gj;jpwdpYk; xH cr;rk; vd;W ,f;Nfhapiyf; $wyhk;. vz;zpylq;fh ,jd; rpwg;Gfspy; xU rpytw;iw fhzyhk;. 

,f;Nfhapypy; cs;s ,uh[fk;gpud; kz;lgKk;> tpkhdq;fSk; kpf;f moFld; rpwe;j rpw;gq;fisf; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ.



,f;Nfhapypy; cs;s gbfl;Lfs; kfu tbtKk;> rpk;k tbtKk; nfhz;bUg;gJ jdpr;rpwg;ghFk;.

fq;if nfhz;l NrhoGuk;> mfoha;T mwpf;if> njhFg;ghrpupau; - Kidtu; jkpo;ehL muR njhy;ypay; Jiw> Kjw; gjpg;G 2009. 9 jhuRuk; IuhtjPRtuH jpUf;Nfhapy;> Flthapy; ghyRg;ukzpad; - mfuk; gjpg;gfk;> gjpg;G> 2017.

jp.=.=ju;> ,uz;lhk;



Fle;ijapy; cs;sijg; jdpj;JtkhdJ.



gyNfhapfspSk; mHj;jehup rpiy ehk; mwpe;jNj. mHj;jehup #upad; fhz;gjupJ.



Kf;fpa rpw;gr;rpwg;G ,q;Fs;s tOtOg;ghd cNyhfj;jpy; ,t;thW nra;a KbAk;. tOtOg;ghd fw;rpiyfs; jdpj;jd;ikAilad.



,q;Fs;s Midcupr;rNjtH fhz;gjupjhdJ. ,jd; rpwg;G xU gf;f Kfk; rpdj;ijAk;> kw;nwhU Gwk; rpupg;igAk; fhl;LtJ kpf;f rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. jpURw;W khspifapy; cs;s kw;NwhH rpwg;G tha;e;j rpiy fq;fhs%Hj;jpahFk;. ,r;rpiy fhz;gjw;F mupa jdpr; rpwg;G tha;e;jJ



jd; je;ijaplk; nfhz;l gw;W fhuzkhf mtH mitapy; Nrf;fpohuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l jpUj;njhz;lH Guhzj;ijj; njhlH rpw;gf;fhl;rpahf tbj;Js;shH.



,f;Nfhapypy; njw;F Nehf;fpa Kfg;Gld; ,Uf;Fk; 80 J}z; kz;lgk; rpw;g vopy; tha;e;jJ. ,j;J}z;fs; Ie;J tbtj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ jdp rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. ,k;kz;lgj;jpy; cs;s fspw;Wg;gb (ahid tbt gbfs;) kpf;f rpwg;ghdJ.



Nky; jsj;jpy; ,Uf;F ejp rpw;gq;fs; jdp rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. ejpfs; ngz; vd;gij Fwpf;f Nky; gFjp ngz;zhfTk;> fPo; gFjp miy tbtj;jpYk; cs;sJ.



,uh[fk;gpud; kz;lgj;jpy; cs;s ehd;F gl;il tbtj;jpy; %d;W gFjpahf cs;s J}z;fspy;> xU J}zpw;Fg; gz;zpnuz;L rpw;gq;fs; tPjk; nkhj;jk; 48 rpw;gq;fspd; thapyhf fe;jg;Guhzf; fhl;rpfis tpsf;FfpwJ.



tl Rw;W jpUkhspifapd; kz;lgr;Rtupy; 108 jpUgjpfk; tpz;zg;gk; nra;j XJthHfspd; rpw;gq;fs; rpwg;ghdJ. ,q;Fs;s fy;ntl;Lfspy; nghupf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpUehkq;fspd; %ykhf mtHfspd; CH> ngaH kw;Wk; jPl;rh ehkq;fs; njupa tUfpwJ. NkYk; ,f;fy;ntl;Lfspd; %ykhf jQ;ir Nfhapypd; 40 XJthHfspd; ngaHfSk; njupatUfpwJ.

Nghy;

,q;fpUf;Fk;

NjH

tbt

kz;lgk;

Mdhy; ,q;fpUf;Fk;

rpiyfs;. Mdhy;

nghJthf ,f;Nfhapypd;

Fle;ij rhuq;fghzpf; Nfhapy;10 jkpofj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ Nfhapy; efuk; Fle;ij vdg;gLk; Fk;gNfhzkhFk;. ,e;efupy; mike;Js;s rhuq;fghzp Nfhapy; kpFe;j fiyr; rpwg;G tha;e;jjhFk;. mtw;Ws; rpy: 

,f;Nfhapypd; ,uh[NfhGuk; 11 epiyfSld; mike;j jdpr; rpwg;G tha;e;jjhFk;. ,f;NfhGuj;ijg; gw;wp gy fy;ntl;Lfs; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $WfpwJ.



90 mb ePsKk; 51 mb mfyKk; cila fy; rhuj;Jld; 150 mb cauj;jpy; ,g;ngUq;NfhGuk; mike;Js;sJ. mjpl;lhdj;Jf; fz;lg; gFjpapy; cs;Sk; GwKk; 96 ehl;ba fuzr; rpw;gq;fs; mike;Js;sd. ,r;rpw;gj;njhFjpfs; 12Mk; E}w;whz;il NrHe;jjhFk;. xt;nthU fuzj;jpw;Fk; NrhoHfhy vOj;jpy; tpsf;fk; cs;sJ. ,J Ntnwq;Fk; ,y;yhjr; rpwg;ghFk;.



jQ;ir ngupa Nfhapypy; rptngUkhdpd; 108 fuzq;fspy; 81 fuzq;fs; eluh[g; ngUkhNd MLtjha; mike;Js;sJ. jpy;iyf; Nfhapypy;108 fuzq;fis Mlw; ngz;fs; fhl;Lthjhf cs;sJ. Mdhy; ,f;Nfhapypy; KUfg; ngUkhd; 96 fuzq;fis Mbf; fhl;Ltjhf mike;Js;sd. jpUkhy; Nfhapypy; KUf ngUkhdpd; fuzr; rpw;gq;fs; ,Ug;gJ jdpr; rpwg;ghdJ.

fUtiw fiyr; rpwg;Gfs; Nfhapy;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; rpw;gq;fisj; jhz;b fUtiwapy; cs;s ek; nja;tj; jpUTUtq;fSk; moF tha;e;jjhFk;. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw fhz;Nghk;.



fhQ;rpapy; cs;s ghz;ltJ}j ngUkhspd; %ytH jpUTUtk; jdp rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. =fpU\;zupd; tp];t&gj;jpidf; fhl;Lk; ,jpy; iffspy; cs;s efq;fs;> ehrpf;$Hik> clypy; ,Uf;Fk; Mguzq;fs; Nghd;wit ek; Kd;NdhHfspd; El;gkhd fiy jpwDf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L MFk;.



jpUehNf];tuk; Nfhapypy; ,Uf;Fk; ,uhF gfthd; tpf;u`j;jpy; ghy; mgpN\fj;jpd; NghJ ePy epwkhf khWtJ ehk; mwpe;jNj. ,J Nghd;W rPHfhopy; cs;s gy rptd; Nfhapy;fspy; epwk; khWk;

fy; ntl;L nrhy;Yk; Nfhapy; gjpg;gfk;> ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G 2017.

fijfs;>

Flthapy;

ghyRg;ukzpad;>

#upad;

ypq;fj;jpUNkdp cs;sJ. ,J Nghd;Nw Fle;ijf;fUfpy; cs;s jpUr;Nriw vd;w jpUf;NfhapypYk; ghy; mgpN\fj;jpd; NghJ %ytupd; ngUkhs; jpUNkdp epwk; khWfpwJ. 

Fle;ijapy; cs;s rhuq;fghzp kw;Wk; rf;fughzp Nfhapy;fypd; fUtiw NjH tbtj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ jdpr; rpwg;ghFk;. kw;w ,lq;fspy; kz;lgq;fNs ,t;thW cs;sJ. NkYk; ,tw;wpd; fUtiwfs;> cj;jpuhazj;jpw;F> jf;\;dhahzj;jpw;F vd;W ,uz;L thry;fs; ,Ug;gJ jdpr;rpwg;ghdJ



fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; cs;s Vfhk;guehjH Nfhapypd; %y];jhdj;jpy; #upa xsp ujrg;jkpad;W kl;Lk; gLtJ rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba xd;whFk;.



itjP]t ; ud; Nfhapypd; ypq;fk; kPJ re;jpudpd; xsp Fwpg;gpl;l ehspy; tpOfpwJ. ,J Nghd;Nw NfhdhHf;fpy; cs;s #upadhH Nfhapypy; cs;s fUtiwapy; #upadpd; xsp fjpHfs; tPRfpwJ.



cyfg; Gfo; tha;e;j godp jz;lhAjghzp Nfhapypd; tpf;u`k; etgh\zj;jhy; NghfH vd;w rpj;juhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;tpf;u`j;jpd; kPJ mgpN\fk; nra;ag;gLk; gQ;rhkpHjk; kUj;Jt Fzk; nfhz;lJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;.

Nfhapy; rpw;gq;fSk; Nkiy ehl;L rpw;gq;fSk; cyfj;jpy; gy ehLfspYk; fw;rpw;gq;fSk; rpiyfSk; cs;sd. mit ve;j tifapy; khWgLfpwJ. Nkiy ehl;L rpw;gq;fs; moFzHr;rpia ikakha; nfhz;L mikfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ekJ Nfhapy; rpw;gq;fs; FwpaPl;Lr; nra;jpia ikakha; nfhz;L tbf;fg;gLfpwJ. (cjhuzkhf nja;tj; jpUTUtq;fs; ehd;F iffSld; fhl;rp jUtJ ehd;F jpirfisf; Fwpf;f). Nfhapy; rpj;jpuq;fs;11 ek; Kd;NdhHfs; Nfhapy;fspy; rpw;gq;fSld; gy n[hypf;Fk; rpj;jpuq;fisAk; NrHj;J mtw;iw topg;ghl;L ,lkhf kl;Lkpd;wp fiyfspd; ,Ug;gplkhfNt mikj;Js;sdH. ,j;jifa rpj;jpur; rpwg;Gfs; jpUtuq;fk;> jpUth&H> kJiu> jpUtpilkUJ}H> NfhNdupuh[Guk;> gl;Br;ruk;> fhQ;rpGuk; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; cs;sJ.

jpUth&H jpUf;Nfhapy;fs;> Flthapy; ghyRukzpad; - mfuk; gjpg;gfk;> ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G> 2017.

fhQ;rp tujH rd;djpapd; g;uhfhuj;jpy; cs;s rpj;jpuq;fs; jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ. Mdhy; JujH\;l trkha; mtw;wpy; ngWk;ghyhditg; ghjpg;gile;J cs;sJ. ,Nj epiy jhd; jpUtuq;fj;jpYs;s muq;fehjH NfhapypYk; cs;sJ. rptngUkhdpd; gQ;r rigfspy; xd;whd rpj;jpurig Fw;whyj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,r;rpj;jpuq;fs; gyEl;gkhd fiyEZf;fq;fSld; gy E}W Mz;Lfs; goik mikag;ngw;witahFk;. tl,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; m[e;jh> vy;Nyhuh Fif Xtpaq;fs; cyfg; Gfo; tha;e;jit MFk;. ,t;Nthtpaq;fs; ngsj;j fyhrhuj;jpidr; rhHe;jitahFk;. ,Nj Nghy; ek; jkpofj;jpy; cs;s rpj;jd;d thry; Xtpaq;fSk; kpf;f rpwg;G tha;e;jjhFk;. ,j;jifa nghf;fp\q;fis ehk; ve;j mstpy; ghJfhf;fpNwhk; vd;why; ekf;F Vkhw;wNk kpQ;Rk;. Nfhapy;fSk; fy;ntl;LfSk; nghJthf goq;fhyj;jpa nra;jpfis ehk; Kiwahf tifg;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;W xU rhuhH $WtJz;L. Mdhy; ekJ Nfhapy; g;uhfhu RtHfs; ,f;$w;wpid kWf;fpwJ. nghJthfNt goikahd Nfhapy;fspd; RtHfs; jfty;fisj; njuptpf;Fk; fy;ntl;LfshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Fk;gNfhzk; mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; jpUehNf];tuk; uhF Nfhapy;> xg;gpypag;gd; Nfhapy;> Fle;ij efupy; ,Uf;Fk; rhuq;fg;ghzp Nfhapy; Nghd;wit jq;fsplj;jpy; gy tuyhw;W rhl;rpfisr; Rke;J nksdkha; epw;fpwJ. Mdhy; ehk; guhkupg;G vd;w ngaupy; mtw;wpd; kPJ tHzq;fisg; g+rp kiwj;J tpLfpNwhk;. Mjyhy;> ek; tuyhw;W nra;jpfisf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L mtw;wpidg; ghJfhj;J tUk; jiyKiwapdUf;F mspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. KbTiu goe;jkpofk; fiyfisg; Nghw;wpAk;> rpwg;gpj;Jk; te;Js;sJ. gy kd;dHfs; Njhd;wpdhHfs;> Mz;lhHfs;. gy rhk;uh[;[paq;fs; Njhd;wpaJ gpd;G mope;jJ. Mdhy; xt;nthU murHfSk; jq;fs; mstpy; fiyfisg; Nghw;wpNa te;Js;shHfs;. ekf;fhf fiy gilg;Gfis tpl;L nrd;Ws;shHfs;. Mdhy; ehk; mtw;iw mwpe;Js;Nshkh? ghJfhf;fpNwhkh? vd;why; mJ Nfs;tpf;FupaJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; Vd; ,tw;iw fhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfs;tpAk; voyhk;. ky;iyapy; cs;s mH[{dd; jgR rpw;gj;njhFjp ehk; mwpe;jNj. mjpYs;s mH[{dd; cUtj;jps; euk;Gfs;> Njhy; RUf;fq;fs;> ahid 99

tpisahLtJ> ePH mUe;JtJ Nghd;witfs; rpw;gj;jpwikf;F XH vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. ,jpy; cs;s ,d;DNkhH rpwg;G ,kaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; â&#x20AC;&#x153;yq;FH tif Fuq;F" ,jpy; Gilg;G rpw;gkhf tbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.12 ,jpy; ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;baJ> RkhH 1500 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; ,Ue;j rpw;gpfSf;F tlNfhb ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j tpsq;fpid mwpe;jpUe;jJ Mr;rHakhd nra;jpahFk;. etPd r%fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NjHjy; Nghd;W FilNthiy Kiwapid fhl;Lk; fy;ntl;L cj;jpuNkUupy; cs;sJ. Mf> ek; ghuk;gupajpd; njhd;ikapid mwpa fiyfs; cjTfpwJ. ghuk;gupaj;ij ,oe;jhy; ehfupfj;ij ,og;Nghk;. mjdhy; ,ij mwptJk; fhg;gJk; ekJ flikahFk;. ********

mHr;Rdd; jgR: khky;yGuj;jpd; ,kar; rpw;gk;> rh. ghYrhkp> fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk;.

100

SANSKRIT SECTION

_\"pX"r {\"\"u@¡pS"SQ# _"{SO" V"`\"pu W"pZO"_Y" \"ZT"se"p# Y"u^"s ì{\"_X"ZN"rY"# _\"pX"r {\"\"u@¡pS"SQ# $ _"# {\"ð\"R"X"ê_"XX"u“S"u W"pZO"rY"-_"z_@w¡O"u# íT"pQuY"O"pz duÎO"pz E" T"øpQðY"êO"o $ V"ŒT"øpSO"_Y" @¡pu“@¡pO"pS"B"Zu {e"^"Í÷{R"@¡ð"O"O"X"u (1763) \"^"uê G"S"\"Zr X"p_"_Y" ŸpQð"u {QS"u ïO"_Y" G"SX" ìW"\"O"o $ O"_Y" {T"O"p dr {\"Ä"S"pP"Qf"X"`puQY"#$ T"t\"| O"_Y" S"pX" S"ZuSçS"pP"Qf"# ò{O" ìp_"rO"o $ ï^": íO_"p`r, `p_Y"{T"øY"#, @¡àN"pT"Z# E" ìp_"rO"o $ ï^": íO_"p`r, `p_Y"{T"øY":, @¡àN"pT"Z: E" ìp_"rO"o $ S"ZuSç# V"pÚY"u @¡T"rS"o, X"Y"tZpS"o, @¡T"puO"pS"o E" T"p“Y"{O" _X" $ ï^"# {T"O"s# `Y"pS"o ì{T" Zb"{O" _X" $ ìRY"Y"S"T"JsZY"z S"ZuSç ð"p®rY"_"ŒrO"_Y" ìWY"p_"z @¡Zpu{O" _X" $ T"ø{O"{QS"z \Y"pY"pX"z @¡Zpu{O" _X" $ RY"pS"{_"«# ìY"z W"øXt "RY"u GY"pu{O"Zu@¡z T"ðY"{O" _X" $ òêÄ"Z{G"c"p_"s# ìY"z _"\"pêS"o T"wEF{O" _X" Y"O"o {@z¡ W"\"pS"o òêÄ"Zz ªÍ\"pS"o? ò{O" $ òêÄ"Zz c"pO"sz T"pÆ"pOY"Qð"êS"_Y" W"pZO"rY"Qð"êS"_Y" E" B"W"rZX"o ìRY"Y"S"z @s¡\"êS"o ìY"z S"ZuSç# {\"Ä"{\"üp“Y"_Y" ÃpO"@¡T"Q\"rX"o ì{R"B"O"\"pS"o $ ì{_X"ß"u\" _"X"Y"u Qv\"Y"puB"pO"o Q{b"N"uÄ"Z_P"u @¡p“rX"{SQZu T"ZX"`z_"_Y" ZpX"@w¡^N"Qu\"_Y" Qð"êS"z O"uS" T"øpÊ"X"o $ ZpX"@w¡^N"X"s{©ðY" S"ZuSç# T"wÍ\"pS"o ‘{@z¡ W"\"pS" òêÄ"Zz ªÍ\"pS" ?’ ò{O"$ ‘ìpX"o O\"p{X"\" òêÄ"ZX"{T" T"ðY"p{X"’ ò{O" drZpX"@w¡^N"Qu\"# _X"Y"X"pS"# ì\"QO"o $ ï^" ï\" X"`pT"sà^"# S"ZuSç_Y" ìRY"pOX"-B"sà# ìW"\"O"o $ _"SY"p_"Qrb"pS"SO"Zz S"ZuSç_Y" S"pX" {\"\"u@¡pS"SQ# ò{O" ìW"\"O"o $ ìY"z E" S"ZuSç# W"pZO"W"øX"N"z Y"puB"_"pR"S"pz E" @w¡O\"p {e"S"\"OY"{R"@¡pÍpQð"O" O"X"u \"^"uê (1893) ìX"uqZ@¡pQuð"_Y" {ð"@¡pB"puS"B"Zu {\"ð\"R"X"ê_"W"pY"pz W"pZO"_Y" B"pvZ\" T"ø{O"Îp{T"O"\"pS"o $ O"e" _"W"p_P"“u {\"{\"R" R"X"êB"øSP"p# ï@¡_Y" íT"qZ ï@¡# ò{O" @ø¡X"uN" _P"p{T"O"p# ìp_"S"o $ _"zY"puB"\"ð"pO"o drX"¬B"\"ÿrO"p _"\"u^ê "pz T"s_O"@¡pS"pX" ìR"# ìp_"rO"o $ ï@¡# ìX"uqZ@¡p\"p_"r íT"`p_"T"t\"ê@¡X"o ì\"QO"o - ‘_\"p{X"S"o W"\"O"pz B"rO"p _"\"u^ê "pz R"X"êB"øSP"pS"pX"o ìR"# \"O"êO"u’ ò{O" $ T"øOY"sOT"ß"X"{O"# _\"pX"r {\"\"u@¡pS"SQ# `_"ß"u\" T"øOY"\"QO"o - ‘ìpX" _"OY"X"o , ìpR"pZ{ð"“p O"s ìR"# ï\" W"\"{O" $ _"p Y"{Q V"{`# _\"r{@ø¡Y"uO" O"{`ê _"X"B"øX" ìR"# T"{O"^Y"{O"’ ò{O" $ {\"Quð"u^"s \"uQpSO"R"X"ê_Y" T"øE"pZz @w¡O\"p W"pZO"z T"øOY"pB"O"# _"# Quð"pu«pZpY" Y"s\"@¡pS"o T"øqu ZO"\"pS"o G"S"_"u\"p, _\"p_PY"Zb"p, ®r{ð"b"p, ìpR"s{S"@¡T"øpüv pu{B"@¡” T"øW"w{O"^"s b"ue"u^"s ì_"pR"pZN"z @¡pY"| @¡O"s| ’ZpX"@w¡^N"{X"ð"S"’ ò{O" _"z_P"p _"z_P"pTY" G"S"u^"s ð"{×O"G"pB"ZN"z @w¡O"\"pS"o $ _\"p{X"{\"\"u@¡pS"SQ_Y" ìY"z _"SQuð"# ìüp{T" W"pZO"rY"pS"o T"øZu Y"{O" - ‘í{f"ÎO", G"pB"øO", T"øpTY" \"Zp{ß"V"puR"O"$’’ Sai Tej B.Com. (General) II Year, B.Sec. UCMB 1515

$$ “puÒ"s“p-\"{N"×T"se"-@¡P"p $$ O"s“pz “pu`_"`®_Y" Y"e" A"pQ{SO" X"t{^"@¡p# $ ZpG"z_O"e" `ZuEØY"uS"pu V"p“@z¡ S"pe" _"zð"Y"# $$ ì{_O" @¡{_X"z{ðE"Q{R"ÎpS"u G"rN"êC"S"pu S"pX" \"{N"×T"se"# $ _" E" {\"W"\"b"Y"p©uð"pSO"ZB"X"S"X"S"p \Y"{E"SO"Y"O" -Y"e" Quð"u&P"\"p _P"pS"u W"puB"p W"s×O"p# _\"\"rY"êO"# $ O"{_X"{S\"W"\"`rS"pu Y"pu \"_"uO_" T"sà^"pR"X"# $$ O"P"p E" -Y"uS"p`ŠpZY"s×O"uS" {E"Zz {\"“{_"O"z T"sZp $ QrS"z \"_"{O" O"e"v\" Y"# T"Zu^"pz _" {S"{SQO"# $$ O"_Y" E" B"wù “pu`X"pZC"{JO"p T"t\"êT"sà^"puT"p{G"O"p O"s“p&&_"rO"o $ O"pz E" @¡_Y"{E"EFu{ÍS"pu B"wù {S"b"uT"W"tO"pz @w¡O\"p Quð"pSO"Zz T"ø{_P"O"# $ O"O"# _"s{E"Zz @¡p“z Quð"pSO"Zz Y"P"u‚"Y"p W"øpSO\"p T"sS"# _\"T"sZX"pB"OY" O"z du{ÎS"X"s\"pE" - ‘‘W"pu# du{ÎS"! QrY"O"pz X"u _"p {S"b"uT"O"s“p $ ‘‘_" ìp` -- ‘‘W"pu! S"p{_O" _"p O\"QrY"p O"s“p; X"t{^"@u¡W"ê{b"O"p’’ ò{O" $ G"rN"êR"S" ìp` -- ‘‘W"pu du{ÎS"! S"p{_O" Qpu^"_O"u, Y"{Q X"t{^"@v¡W"ê{b"O"u{O" $ òêQB"u\"pY"z _"z_"pZ# $ S" {@¡{ú"Qe" ð"pð\"O"X"{_O" $ T"ZX"`z S"üpz ÃpS"pP"| B"{X"^Y"p{X", O"f\"X"pOX"rY"z {ð"ð"sX"uS"z R"S"Qu\"S"pX"pS"z X"Y"p _"` ÃpS"puT"@¡ZN"`_O"z T"øû "Y"’’ ò{O" $ _"pu&{T" E"pvY"êW"Y"pf"_Y" ð"qŠO"# _\"T"se"X"s\"pE" -- ‘‘\"O_" ! {T"O"w\Y"pu&Y"z O"\" ÃpS"pP"ê Y"p_Y"{O", O"Ql B"XY"O"pX"S"uS" _"pR"| ÃpS"puT"@¡ZN"X"pQpY"’’ ò{O" $ ì`pu, _"p{R\"QX"sEY"O"u-S" W"×OY"p @¡_Y"{E"O@¡pu&{T" {T"øY"z T"ø@¡s àO"u S"Z# $ X"×O\"p W"Y"z T"ø“puW"X" \"p @¡pY"ê@¡pZN"X"u\" \"p $$ O"P"p E" -ìOY"pQZpu W"\"uüe" @¡pY"ê@¡pZN"\"{G"êO"# $

O"e"pð"Šp T"ø@¡O"ê\Y"p T"qZN"pX"u _"sA"p\"`p $$ ìP"p_"pv \"{N"{×ð"ð"s# ÃpS"puT"@¡ZN"X"pQpY" T"øâÍX"S"p_O"uS"pWY"pB"O"uS" _"` T"ø{_P"O"# $ O"P"pS"s{ÍO"u _" \"{N"@¡ ÃpO\"p O"z {ð"ð"sz {B"qZB"s`pY"pz T"ø{b"TY", O"Ql ŸpZz V"w`{EFAY"pEFpü _"O\"Zz B"w`X"pB"O"# $$ T"wÍðE" O"uS" \"{N"G"p -- ‘‘W"pu ! ìWY"pB"O" ! @¡PY"O"pz @s¡e" X"u {ð"ð"sY"ê_O\"Y"p _"` S"Qrz B"O"# ?’’ ò{O" $ _" ìp` -- ‘‘S"QrO"JpO_" ð"Y"uS"uS" âO"#’’ ò{O" $ duK÷p` -- ‘‘{X"PY"\"p{QF÷uS"pu V"p“z Ò"s| ð"×S"pu{O" ? O"O_"X"T"êY" X"u _"sO"X"o $ ìSY"P"p ZpB"@s¡“u {S"\"u{Q^Y"p{X"’’ ò{O" $ _" ìp` -- ‘‘W"pu# _"OY"\"p{QS"o ! Y"P"p ðY"uS"pu V"p“z S" S"Y"{O", O"P"p X"t{^"@¡p ì{T" “pu`W"pZC"{E"O"pz O"s“pz S" W"b"Y"{SO", O"QT"êY" X"u O"s“pz, Y"{Q QpZ@u¡N" T"øY"puG"S"X"o $ ‘‘ï\"z O"pv {\"\"QX"pS"pv Ÿp\"{T" ZpG"@s¡“z B"O"pv $ O"e" duÎr O"pZ_\"ZuN" T"øp\u "pE" ‘‘W"pu ! ìV"øÏ"NY"X"o, ìV"øÏ"NY"X"o ! X"X" {ð"ð"sZS"uS" E"pvZNu "pT"âO"# $’’ ìP" R"X"pê{R"@¡pqZN"_O"X"tE"s# -- ‘‘W"pu#! _"X"O"pz duÎ_"sO"#’’ $ _" ìp` -- ‘‘{@z¡ @¡Zpu{X", T"ðY"O"pu X"u S"QrO"JpzEØY"uS"uS"pT"wÒ"# {ð"ð"s#’’ $ O"EFO\"p O"u T"øpEu "s# -- ‘‘W"pu#! S" _"OY"X"{W"{Ò"z W"\"O"p, {@z¡ ðY"uS"# {ð"ð"s Ò"s| _"X"P"pu| W"\"{O"’’? _" ìp` -- ‘‘W"pu W"pu#! dtY"O"pz X"ŸE"#-O"s“pz “pu`_"`®_Y" Y"e" A"pQ{SO" X"t{^"@¡p# $ ZpG"z_O"e" `ZuEØY"uS"pu V"p“@z¡ S"pe" _"zð"Y"# $$ O"u T"øpEu "s# -- ‘‘@¡P"X"uY"O"O"’’? O"O"# _" duÎr _"WY"pS"pX"B"øu ìp{QO"# _"\"ê \"wf"pSO"z {S"\"uQY"pX"p_" $ O"O"_O"v{\"ê`_Y" Ÿp\"{T" O"pv T"Z_T"Zz _"zV"puRY" O"s“p - {ð"ð"sT"øQpS"uS" _"SO"pu{^"O"pv $ Vignesh Raman B.Com. (General) II Year, B.Sec, UCMB 1513

$$ _"O_"Œ{O"# $$ _"O"pz _"ƒ"S"pS"pz _"Œ{O"Zu\" _"O_"Œ{O"qZ{O" @¡PY"O"u $ Y"u G"S"p# _\"pP"| T"qZOY"GY" T"Z{`O"pY" _"Qp Y"O"SO"u, O"u {` _"ƒ"S"p# $ O"v# _"` _"Œ{O"# ìP"pêO"o _"Œ# _"O_"Œ{O"qZ{O" X"SY"SO"u $ _"p E" ì_X"¨l«#u X"tA"uO"pz {S"Zp@¡Zpu{O", W"p^"N"z _"OY"Y"s×O"z @¡pZY"{O", T"pT"p ìT"p@¡Zpu{O", X"pS"puß"{O"z T"ø@¡JY"{O", @¡”{O"ê E" {Q{ð"-{Q{ð" T"øP"Y"{O" $ ìO" ï\" _"O_"Œ{O"# X"S"s^Y"pN"pz _"\"ê@¡pY"ê_"p{R"@¡p W"\"{O" $ O"_Y"pðE" T"øW"p\"uN" QlG"êS"p ì{T" _"ƒ"S"p# _"XW"{\"^Y"{SO", X"tA"pêN"pX"{T" T"ø\"rN"O"p _"pR"sO"p T"tGY"O"p E" @¡ÚTY"SO"u $ ìO" ï\" _"pR"t×O"zB"sN"\"ƒ"S"_"z_"B"pêO"o Y"p{O" S"rE"pu&{T" B"pvZ\"X"o $ T"s^T"X"p“pS"s^"ŒuS" _"te"z {ð"Z{_" R"pY"êO"u $$’’ ò{O" _"X"pG"u&{_X"S" V"p“@¡p# Y"pªð"v# {X"e"v# _"` _"Œ{O"z @¡qZ^Y"{SO", O"u O"pªð"p ï\" W"{\"^Y"{SO" $ S" @u¡\"“z V"p“@¡pS"pz \"p Y"s\"pS"pz, _"X"_O" X"pS"\"pS"pz _"O_"Œ{O"# ï@¡p X"pv{“W"tO"pzð"p W"\"{O" $ O"Y"v\" _"\"uê ìpvß"OY"z T"øpTS"s\"{SO" $ ìO"# _"ƒ"S"v# _"` {X"e"O\"z @s¡\"pêN"# @¡Qp{T" T"ZpW"\"z S" “W"O"u $ O"üP"p ‘‘_"{¬Zu\" _"`p_"rO" _"{¬# @s¡\"rêO" _"Œ{O"X" $ _"{¬{\"ê\"pQz X"ve"rzðE" S"p_"{¬# {@¡{ú"QpE"ZuO" $$’’ ‘‘T"{NLO"v# _"` _"pŒOY"z T"{NLO"v# _"` _"’P"p $ T"{NLO"v# _"` {X"e"O\"z @s¡\"pêN"pu S"p\"_"rQ{O" $$’’ò{O" ì{T" E", _"O_"ŒO"u# X"`f\"z V"puR"{Y"O"sz ìpE"pY"êb"uX"uSçuN" ï@¡# ïu{O"`p{_"@¡# S"r{O"Y"s×O"# ð“pu@¡# Z{E"O"#, Y"P"p ‘‘@s¡\"rêO" _"ŒO"z _"{¬# S"p_"{¬B"sNê "\"{G"êO"v# $ T"øpT" ZpC"\"_"ŒOY"p T"øpGY"z ZpGY"z {\"W"r^"N"# $$’’ ò{O" $ ìS"uS" c"pY"O"u Y"O"o, {\"W"r^"N"\"O"o _\"_\"puß"OY"v _"Qp _"O_"Œ{O"Zu\" _"u\"S"rY"p, S" O"s @¡N"ê\"O"o QlÍ_"Œ{O" _"u\"uO" $ Y"O"# _"Qp ìS"P"ê@¡pqZN"r ìpO"êQp{Y"S"r E" W"\"O"r{O" $ {@¡ú", ð"ŠZW"B"\"OT"pQp# ì{T" _"O_"ŒO"u# X"p`pOXY"X"o ìpRY"p{OX"@¡ªÍ÷p W"G"B"pu{\"SQX"o ò{O" @w¡O"pv @¡P"Y"{SO", Y"P"p _"O_"ŒO\"u {S"#_"ŒO\"z {S"#_"ŒO\"u {S"X"pu`ê O\"X"o $ {S"X"puê`O\"u {S"ðE"“O"f\"z {S"ðE"“O"f\"u G"r\"SX"s{×O"# (W".B"pu-9) ìO"#, \"Y"z _"\"uê G"r\"SX"s{×O"T"øQp{Y"S"rz _"O_"Œ{O"X"o _"Qp _"u{\"^"rX"`r{O" òêð"\"Zz T"øpP"êY"pX"# $$ $$ T"øpTY" \"Zp{ß"V"puR"O" $$ $$ ð"sW"X"_O"s $$ K. BARATHRAM, M.A., M.Phil. Faculty, Dept. of Sanskrit.

HINDI SECTION

_"pO"-_"pO" _"pO" {QS"puz @u¡ E"@ø¡ X"u,z G"r\"S" _"pZp V"rO" B"Y"p $ @s¡F W"r S" @¡Z T"pyï `X", `pP", Y"` _"Ê"p` V"rO" B"Y"p $$ _"pO" _\"Zpuz @u¡ _"ZB"X" _"u, S" G"pS" {@¡O"S"u B"rO" V"S"u? _"pO" ZzB"puz @u¡ _"zB"X" _"u, S" G"pS"u {@¡O"S"u {E"e" ìz{@¡O" `lï $ òS" _"pO" _"pO" @u¡ _"pP" _"pP" X"uz `pY" G"r\"S" _"pZp V"rO" B"Y"p $$ @s¡F W"r S" @¡Z T"pyï `X", `pY", Y"` G"r\"S" V"rO" B"Y"p $$ _"pO" G"SX"puz @¡p \"p_O"p, S" G"pS"u {@¡O"S"u G"puLpu S"u {QY"p $ _"pO" _"X"sQz Z T"pZ `pu@¡Z, S" G"pS"u {@¡O"S"u G"puLpu @¡p {X"“S" `lìp $ _"pP" _"pP" @¡” Y"` _"pvB"pO", _"pP" _"pP" @¡p ï`_"p_" Qu, _"pP" {@¡_"r @¡p G"V" {@¡_"r @¡pu {X"“ O"pu, òSçR"S"s^" @¡p ìpW"p_" Qu òS" _"pO"-_"pO", _"pP"-_"pP" @¡” X"p“p ìT"S"u X"uz V"_" _"pO" {QS"puz @u¡ E"@ø¡ X"uz G"r\"S" _"pZp V"rO" B"Y"p $ Lp.ï“. \"u@z ¡J_"sV"øÏ"NY"S" {`zQr {\"W"pBp

{E"zO"S" 1. E"pZ _"u {\"\"\"pQ X"O" @¡Zpu— X"tA"ê _"u, T"pB"“ _"u, B"sà _"u, X"pO"p {T"O"p _"u ! 2. E"pZ X"uz ð"X"ê S"`r @¡ZS"p— T"sZpS"u @¡T"Lpu X"u,z B"ZrV" _"p{P"Y"puz X"u,z V"tMu X"pO"p-{T"O"p X"uz, _"pQu Z`S"-_"`S" X"uz $ 3. E"pZ Ql“W"ê B"sN"— R"S" @u¡ _"pP" T"{\"O"e"O"p, QpS" @u¡ _"pP" {\"S"Y" ì{R"@¡pZ @u¡ _"pP" _"u\"p W"p\", \"rZO"p @u¡ _"pP" QY"p 4. E"pZ _"u E"pZ W"pB" G"pO"u `vz Qu\"-B"sà Qð"êS" QqZçO"p, W"B"\"pS" @¡” \"pN"r _"u T"pT", G"pB"wO" Z`S"u _"u E"puZ, X"pvS" Z`S"u @u¡ @ø¡puR" 1. \Y"\"`pZ C"Z @¡p @¡“ð" ìpvZ _"S_"p{S"Y"S" C"Z @¡” {O"G"puZr @¡`“pO"r `v $ 2. ‘‘X"R"sZ \"pNpr’’ C"Z @¡” ‘‘ð"pz{O"’’ ìpvZ ‘‘R"S"-Qpv“O"’’ C"Z @¡” ‘‘“bX"r’’ @¡`“pO"r `v $ 3. ‘‘T"v_"p’’ C"Z @¡p ‘‘X"u`X"pS"’’ ìpvZ ‘‘ï@¡O"p’’ ìpvZ C"Z @¡” ‘‘X"X"O"p’’ @¡`“pO"r `v 4. ‘‘\Y"\"_P"p’’ C"Z @¡” ‘‘ð"puW"p’’ ìpvZ ‘‘_"X"pR"pS"’’ `r C"Z @¡p ‘‘_"‚"p _"sA"’’ @¡`“pO"p `v $ Lp.ï“. \"u@z ¡J_"sV"øÏ"NY"S" {`SQr {\"W"pB"

_"T"S"puz @¡pu Zp`, X"uZr E"p` G"pu _"puE"p _"pu V"pu“O"p, ð"VQpuz @u¡ {T"JpZu @¡pu A"pu“p, íLS"u @¡” E"p`, @s¡F T"pS"u @¡” E"p`, X"s{ð@¡“ W"Zr Zp`, X"pB"ê S"Y"p ï@¡ ìT"S"pY", T"zA" íXX"rQpu @¡p “B"pY"p ò_" A"s“u B"BpS" X"uz V"_" íLO"p G"pîy¡ {S"O" ZpuG" S"Y"p B"rO" {“A"O"p G"pî¡ !! (1) E"p`O"p V"S" G"pyî¡ E"pyQ _"tZG" _"p T"pyî¡ E"pzQ @¡” ð"pz{O" ìpvZ ð"rO"“O"p, _"tZG" @¡” B"X"rê ìpvZ í^N"O"p, ìT"S"u _"puE" @u¡ T"ø@¡pð" _"u _"T"S"puz @¡” Zp` @¡pu `@¡”@¡O" V"S"pîy¡ {S"O" ZpuG", S"Y"p B"rO" {“A"O"p G"pîy¡ $$ (2) G"pS"u {@¡O"S"u T"øW"pO" ìpï, G"pS"u {@¡O"S"r ZpO"uz ìpòê, ZpuX" ZpuX" X"u X"uZu, V"_" @¡pS`p @¡” T"ørO" _"X"pòê X"S" E"p`u ìB"“ G"SX" \"wzQp\"S" X"uz T"pîy¡ {S"O" ZpuG", S"Y"p B"rO" {“A"O"p G"pîy¡ ! (3) Surya R. I B.Sc.(CS) UCSA-1622

B. Durga Prasad, UCRA1542, II B.Com. (C.S.)(1) 108