How To Live Without Fear & Worry by road to enlightenment

XIOVVtOIVc \/vithout

丘℃ar＆﹨／vorry K.SriDhan1rnananda

NAMOAMITABHA

南無阿擱陀佛

箏藏淨宗學會印贈 PrintedanddonatedfbrfTeedistributionby

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2000Copies;20l2October HZ50-0l-02

CONTENTS POREV/ORD

ACKNOⅨ∕L正DGEMENT

PARTI

WORRYANDITSSOURCⅢ

lPEARANDWORRY

3-/J

TbeCauseo{V/orry PearandSuperstition V/hatdoesI/orryDotoUs? 2OURTROUBLES／手－刀

PacingProbIen]s DevelopingCourageandUnderstanding PuttingProblen]sinTbeirProperPerspective 3WHYDOW正SUPFER》28╴,○ TbeNatureo{Li{e

UnderstandingtbePactsofLife PleetingHappiness

ThePictureo{Life

CanWeSatisfyDesire? PleasureisnotHappiness Conten]plateonYourself 令MENTALABUSEANDMENTALHEALTH

刀╴6○

LifeintbeModernWorld

LifeasaBattlefield TowardsMentalHealtb

PARTII

HOWTOOV正RCOM正WORRYNOW

5CONTROLLINGANG正R

6忘〕╴↗○

TheDangerofAnger ControlIingAnger 6TH正DANG晅ROFS正LFlSHNESS

刀╴亥平

TbeNeedtoCultivateLoveand

CoInpassion 了OV正RCOMlNG】正ALOUSYAND S尼LFISHN正SS

亥,╴8I

TheCauseof>ealousy Awarenesso{theMind

Dealingwith}ealousy 8D正ALlNGWlTH晅N晅Ml正SAND CRlTlClSM

MirroroftbeMind

82╴g午

PickingPaultsinOtbers V/battodowhenCriticised Don’tBeAfraidofCriticisn]

9GAlNINGCONTROLOVERMOODS

2,╴／○／

ConsiderationandKindness

ActingOutofCornpassiontoA>l l○TH正PR正SSUR正ANDPLEASUR晅OF BRlNGINGUPCHILDR正N

/•2-//6

PressureonParents

PressureonCbildren

RecognisingPotentials ParentsinModernSociety llTH晅FEAROFD晅ATH

〃↗╴／21

CoIingtoTerInswitbDeatb I/batisBirtbandDeath?

PeacefuIDeatb DeathisInevitabIe

WHYWORRYABOUTTHEPUTUR正∣／2,-／2D

V/eDoNotV/orryAboutOurPuture V/orryingAbouttbePuture CbangingOne,sPortune PARTIII INGREDI吧NTSFORHAPPINESS

BHOWTOPlNDR晅ALHAPPlN正SS

／J﹞╴／午」

TheSearch{orHappiness Ingredients{orHappiness I/hereisHappiness? ⅡFlNDlNGPEACEAMlDSTSTRIP尼 ANDCONPLlCTI孚J－∕刀 UnrestandGlobalConflict Establisbn]entofPeace

GoingBeyondW/orldlyPleasures l5MORALITY:TH正SANCTlTYAND DlGNITYOFLlP正∕,2╴／62

MoralConductandYoutb

BeingGoodorDoingGood? CbangingOne’sCbaracterThroughReligion l6YOUMAKEYOURLUCKANDD正STlNY】田╴I69 Don’tBlan]etheStars

DestinyisinYourHands PARTⅣ

T正CHNI○UESFORHAPPYAND SUCC正SSFULLⅣING

SACRlFlClNGPOROTH吧RS’WELPARE ／﹥3╴／82

KindnesstoAIlBeings TbeSpirito{Benevolence TbeRealConqueror Hun]anVaIues

l8G晅NTLEsPE尼cH

I8〕－／2午

V/rongSpeecb ActingV/iselyinTenseSituations BeMindfulofTbougbts CultivatingSkil{ulSpeecb l9THEVALUEOPLOVINGKlNDN尼SS

／2﹞╴2○○

LovingandKindness CultivatingLovingKindness Z○TOL晅RANCE’PATIENCEAND CONTENTM吧NT

2O>-2•8

Patience

TbePowero{Patience

2lBHNGPRUSTRATEDlNLOVE

2og╴2／,

BreakingUp 2zHAPPYMARRlEDLIP晅

2／6╴2Z〕

BuildingaSuccess{ulMarriage SexinMarriage HavingaGoodMarriage 乃YOURBEAUTY

22手╴22﹥

叫ACCUMULATlONOFWEALTH

228－2J平

ContentnIent

ClingingtoMoney TbePaultyEquation UsingW/ealthProperly Z5LlVINGlNHARMONYWITHOTHERS MannersandCuston]s

Z3J－2孚J

AllowingOtberstbeRigbttoDif{er PatienceandTolerance

DipIon]acy 26

MANCANCHANGEHlS

ENVRONMENT

2手手╴2孚2

CultivatingVirtue UsingtbeMindCreatively OurMission

2﹥HUMANDIGNITY刀O╴刀, MoralShan]eandMoralFear

Di{{erentCbaracteristicso{Hun]anBeings

FOREW/ORD

CM:刪蜘勰l:嚇≡b實b雜繃

rnanoncesunI]eduptbebun]ancondition.Ontbe otherband,son]e{reetbinkerssay:‘Manisalittle n]acbine,n]adepossiblebyanaccidentalarrangen>ent ofaton]sandanaturalisticevolutionaryprocess.

Su{{eringisn]an’sinescapablelotinbisstrugglefor survivaLIthasno‘n]eaning’ot}]ertbantbat,nopurpose.Deatbisadissolutiono{chen]icalelen]ents; notbingelsereIains’. Whilebothtbeabovearecon]n]onobservations

an]ongstcerta1nscept1cs,n]aterialistsandevenson]e greattbinkers,otherphilosophersandreligious teacbersbavetriedtodiscoverson]enIeaningsand purposesinlife’especiallywitbregardtotheproblern ofsuffering. AccordingtotbeBuddba,tbecbaracteristico{ everycon]ponentthingistbatitappears,decaysand disappearslnanever-endingprocess.Allcon]ponent tbingsaresubiecttoceaselesscbangeandcon{lict (Dukkha).Itisenduredbyallsu{feringbeingswho

XⅡ

believeinapernIanententityorsoul.Tbisbeliefgives risetoselfisbdesirewbichcanneverbesatisfied,tbus

leadingtofearandworry. TbeBuddhaprovidedan]oralbasetobisteacbings wbenbedeclaredthatwbiletbereissu{feringand uncertaintyinexistence,nevertbelessitispossiblefor n]antoexperiencebappinessbot}]initsabsoluteas wellasitsten]poralsensei{belearnstodistinguisb betweenskilfulandunslKil{ulactions.Todotbisn1an

IustfirsthaveRigbtViewwbic}]n]eanstbatben1ust recogniset}Ieunsatisfactorynatureofbisexistence andsensualpleasuresandalsotodirect}Iislifeintbe propern1annertoseetbeendofuncertaintyandunsatisfactoriness.

W/hyWbrry

TbefirsteditionofW/hyW/orrywaspublisbedin l967(l0,O00copies)andsincethenithasbeenin sucbgreatden]andtbatithasbeenreprintednoless thansixtin1esattberateof5,000copiesperprinting· Lettersofappreciationandgratitudebavepouredin ｛ron1variouspartsoftbeworld╴tbeU.S.,U‧K., GernIany,SoutbAfricaandaln]osteveryAsiancountry.Tbosewbobaveexpressedtbeirappreciation oftbebookarenotonlyBuddbistsbutHindus, Muslin]s,C}]ristiansandevenson]e‘freetbinlKers’.

Tbeappealo{t}Iebookhasbeenpartlyduetotbefact tbatithasbeenwrittensiInplyandwitboutpretension andalsobecauseitsn]ainpurposewastorevealtbe factsoflifenotonlyfron1theBuddbistpointofview

XIl

butalsobygivingreasonab}eviews{roIotberreligionsandgreattbinkers.Itwaswrittenprin]arilyto providecon]fortandsolacetobun]anbeingsinneed ofguidanceto{acetbebewilderingcoIplexityo{ n]oderncivilisation·

Son]ebaveevenwrittenintosayhowtbeywere preventedfrorncon]Inittingsuicidebyreadingthe book,otberstosaytbattheyreadafewpageso{it everynig}]ttobelptberntocaln]tbeirn]indstoassure tbeIselvesthattberearesin1pleandpracticalsolutionstotbeproblen]softheworld·

ManytbingsbavebappenedsinceW／U／W○γU／first appeared;Inanycbangesbavetakenplace.Inthe interveningyearstbeautborhasgainednewinsights relatingtobun]anproblen]sasaresultofreadingthe nun]erousletterswrittentobin]aswellasinbis

{ruitfuldiscussionswithtroubledpeople{ron]all walkso{li{e.Itwasdecidedthattbepublicationofa neweditiono{thebookwouldben]ostopportuneat tbistin]e.

Tbisexpandededitionseekstoaddressitselftoageoldproblen]sandtothosepeculiartoourdayandage. Butitsprin]aryfocusren]ainsuncbanged:tbatis’to showbowonecanlivewithoutfearandworryprovidedonebasRightUnderstanding·Itatten]ptsto discussproblen]s{ron]apracticalandbun]anistic viewpoint.Tothisend,n]anyquotations,anecdotes, wittysayings,fablesandsoonbavebeenincIudedto showhowwisernenbaveviewedthehun]ancondition

acrosstin]eandspace.Manyo{thesebaveanoriental

XlV

flavour’andson]ereadersn1aybavedifficultyin relatingtotben1andfeelt}Ieyaresuitableonlyfor tbosewhobelongtoaparticularculture.Butsucb readerswillbenefitiftheycandifferentiatebetween tbesettingo{tbestoriesandtbepointthatisbeing n]ade.Afterall,universalproblen1sandtrutbsapply equallywelltoallbun]anbeings. ItisferventlyhopedtbattbisboolKwillgivefresh

inspirationandbopetowboeverreadsitwithout cynicisn1anddoubt· K.SRIDHAMMANANDA WESAKDAYl9/05/89 B.EZ5]]

BuddbistVihara

l23,>alanBerbala 50170,KualaLumpur Malaysia

ACKNOW／LEDGEM正NT

W↗刪﹝γ﹦x臘刪胼撫鄹雕

SarnarawickraIna{orassistingineditingthebook andfortbeirusefulsuggestionswbicbbelpedtobring thebooktoitspresentforn>.I/ealsoliketotbank Ms·CbongHongChoowbohadspentendlessbours lookingafterinnun]erabledetailsnecessaryintbe productiono{tbebook,{roIitspIanningstagerigbt uptoitscon]pletion·ThanksarealsoduetoMessrs. CbarlesMoreira,Lin]TeongCbuan,LLG>ayawardene,H.M.A.deSilva,TebTheanChoo,Tan

TeikBeng,YauYueKai,TanSiangChyeandMisses LilySee)Lin]MooiHwa’Hen]aC}]eab,>anetTeoh andSusieLo{ortheirassistancelnonewayor anotber,witboutwbicbtbepresentbookwouldnot bavebeenpossib}e.

PARTI W/ORRYANDITSSOURCE

Ⅱ FEARANDW/ORRY

W它P叫t乃ePγ／ceWbαγα〃α叨Oγ〃tO加etfM／b㎡α 伽川α〃凸e／〃g‧O〃γs川C叩肋／∕／U／toα〃xlem／∕＄肋eγoot α川eOfO川Pγo凸∕e川s.

H刪d腦r臃n﹩v瓣嚇:嘟肝I挺

mundaneworldisnotfreefrorntbeseunpleasant Ientalstates·

W/}Iyandwbatdopeopleworryabout?Tbeir worriesareduetovar1ouscoIn]1trnentsandresponsibilitiestbeyhave.Theirworr1escon]e1nn]any var1ousguises.Tbeyfeelinadequatewhentbeycon]parethernselveswitbotbers.‘MaybeI’n]notgood

H0WTOLIEW<THOUTPEAR&WORRY

enougbtodotbatiob’or‘Idon’tthinkI’n]clever enoughton]akeanirnpact.,Tbeyn]aybeafraidtobe tben]selvesastbeyreallyareintbepresenceofotbers, sotbeyendupsayingtotben>selves:‘Ican,tletpeople gettoknown>easIreallyanI.IfIdoso,tbeyn]ay loseconfidenceinn]eorbelittlen]e.,Sotbeyactand pretendtobeson]eoneelsewbeninfacttbeyarenot. Peopleworryalotabouttbeirpbysicalappearances.Menworrywhentbeybecon]ebaldbeaded,wbile woIenworrywbenwrinklesstarttoappearontbeir faces,orwbentbeyaretootbinortoofat’toodarkor toofair,tootallortoosbortandsoon.

Tbeyarea{raido{beingcriticised,attackedby otbersorcensuredbytheirsuperiors.Theyareafraid topresenttbeirideasoropinionsbeforeacrowdfor fearofbeingridiculed,butfeelangrywithtbeInselves wbeneverson]eoneelsepresentsthesan]eideaand getscredit{orit·Tbeyfeeltbeyarebeingban]pered bycriticisn]s,evenwbentbeyknowtbatsucbcriticisInsareundeservedanduniustified. Tbeyareworriedabouttbeirfan]ilies.‘MaybeI’nI notsucbagoodfather/n1otber/son/daugbterafterall., Son]ebusbandsworrytbattbeirprettyyoungwives n]aygooutwitbotbern]en·AttbesaIetin]eson]e wivesn]ayworrythattheirhandson>eyounghusbands n]ayIeavethen]orspendtbeirtin]ewitbotbergirls· Unrnarriedpeopleworryaboutbowtogetn]arried whileson]en]arriedcouplesInayworryaboutbow lonelytbeyarewitboutcbildren.Ontbeotberband, tbosewhobaven]anycbildrenconstantlyworry

PEAR&WORRY

aboutbowbesttobringthen]up;‘Mayben]ywi{e/ busbandnolongerIovesn]eandn]aydesertn]e’or‘I wonderwbethern]yc}]i}drenwilltakecareofIein n]yo}dage.,Son]eparentsworryunnecessarilyover tbesafetyo{tbeircbi>dren,bavingenougbn>oney{or tbeirdailybouseboIdexpenses,tbesecurityintbeir hon]e,andtbehealtho{tbeirlovedones.

Intbeirworkplace,tbeyn]ayhavetofaceproblen1s incarryingoutassignn]entsandbavedi{ficu}tiesin n]akingdecisions.[W/bati{n]ydecisionprovestobe wrong?,‘SbouldIseIln]ystocksandsbaresnowor Iater?,‘Cann]yworkersbetrustedwitbnIoncyorwiIl tbeycbeattbecon]panyduringn]yabsence>’Son]eare worriedaboutpossibIe>osses,ofnotgettingaproInotionorbeingentrustedwitbtoonIanyresponsibilities.Son]eotbersworrytbinkingtbattbeiro{fice nIatesareiealousoftben1 In{act,tbelisto{worriespeople{acedailywould beendless.Hun]anexistenceisfullofworriesand{ear

whicblurkwitbintbedarkinnercornerso{tben]ind·

Manbasson]any{ears-{eararising{ron]insecurity, {earofenen]ies,{earo{bunger,{earo{sickness,{ear o{losso{wea>tbandpossessions,{earo{oldage,{ear o{deatbandevenfearofthenextexistence.

Notonlydoesbeworryand{earwbenevertbings gowrong,bebecon]esworriedevenwhentbingsgo onsn]ootbly!Heconiuresavaguesenseo{{earinbis n]indthatsuddenlyson]ethingn]aygowrongandtbat tbebappinessbenowenioysn1igbtturntosorrow. AIthougbson]epeoplesay,nonewsrneansgood

H0WTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

news,peopleworrywhentbereisnonews.Sucb unfoundedworriesfilltbeirlifewit}Iunduefear.Sucb {orrnofwretcbednessbefallsallIankind.Andnone

arefreefron]thisexcepttbosewboareperfectorpure int}]eirn]inds·

Tl>eCauseofW/orry O{alladversen]entalstates,oneo{tben]ostun-

healtbyanddangerousisprolongedworry.W/hydo peopleworry?Intbeultin]ateanalysis’tbereisonly oneanswer.Peopleworrybecauseoftheconcept‘Ie, and‘rnine’,orwbatisknowninBuddhisnIastbe ‘DelusionofSelf,.

Nearlyallanin]alslowertbanhurnanbeingsare n]otivatedbyinstinct.Thisisnotsowitbn]an,wbo hassuperiorthinkingpoweraswellasintuition.V/itb bisrationalintellect,becreatestbeideaofaperInanentegoforselfpreservation.BuddbisIn,isuniquein t}]ehistoryofbun]antbougbtinthatitpointsoutthe Sel{-or-SoulideaisIerelyaconcept,withnocorrespondencetoreality.Pron]tbisbelie{ofself,aperson developswrongideasof‘n]e’and‘n]ine’,togetber witballcravings,selfisbdesires,conceit,prideand otberunwholeson]etbougbts.Tbisconceptof‘self,,is tbeIainsourceofallproblen]s,rangingfron]personalconflictstowarsan]ongstnations. ProIthisideaof‘self’,n]anbelievesintbefalse

notionofapern]anentbodywhicbrnustbesatisfied andattin]esgoestoextrernesinsatisfyingtbecraving

PEAR&WORRY

body.The{earo{notbavingbisneedsanddesiresrnet tobisfullsatis{actionbringsbin]worryandanxiety. Hence,worryisnotbingn]oretbananegativestate ofInindarisingoutofattacbn]enttoworldlypleasures.TbestrongertbeattachInentistoatbing,tbe greateristbe{earo{losingit.Tben]oInentones particularneedissatisfiedapersonstartslongingfor anot}Ier.

Inasin]ilarway,onebecon]esa{raidofgettingor con]ingintocontactwitbsoIetbingconsideredundesirable路Tbisattacbn]enttopleasant{eelingsand dislike{ortbeunpleasantonesgivesrisetoworry路 Son]etinIeswbentakentoextren]es,{earn]ayarise becauseo{attacbn]entorassociationwithspeci{ic obiectsorsituationswbicbarebarn]}essintben]selves. Sucbcasesareknownasphobiaslikefearofdarkness,

{earo{enclosedspaces,fearofopenspaces,fearof beights,{earo{anin]als,{earo{devilsandgbosts,{ear oftbieves,{earo{enen]ies,fearofcbarn]s,illusory fearso{beingattackedorkilledbysoIneonelurkingin tbebackground. Tbeworriesandsufferingwbicbapersonexperiencesarenothingn]oretbantheinteractiono{bis selfisbdesirewitbcbangingworldlyconditions路Tbe failuretounderstandtbisfactisthecauseofn]ucb

su{{ering.But{orapersonwbobastrainedbisn]ind torealisetherea}natureo{li{eanditscbaracteristics,

behasindeedn]adeprogressinovercon]ingbissuf{ering.Herealisestbatdepartureorseparationfron] pleasantexperiencesandthosewbon]belovesare

HOWTOUVEW<THOUTPEAR&WORRY

unavoidable.Tbiscanbappenatanytin]e,wbetberat thestartofacareer,attben]iddleorevenattbeend·

Tbeonlycertaintyintbisuncertainworldistbings rnustcornetoanend.Soapersonwbotbinksbeis indispensableorthathen]ustbearoundtoseewbatis tobedone,sbouldconsiderwbatwillbappenwbenbe isno}ongeraround.Hewillben1issedandbisabsence wiIlbe{eltperbaps{orasbortperiodo{tiIne.Sinceno oneisindispensableintbisworld,tbeworldwillstil} goonasusualwitboutbiI.Iftbatbeso,tbenwby sbouldbeworrybin>selfson]ucb,harbouringinIaginary{earst}]atonlyharIhisbealthandeventually sbortentheperiodtowardstbeendofli{e’siourneyDeatb!

Tbeseparationoftogethernessalsobringssuf{ering. Aperson{eelslost,deiected,bopelessandfrustrated whenson]eonebelovedleavesbirnorber·Tbisisa

naturalprocess·Peopleexperiencesufferingwbenever tbeyarereiectedbytbosewbon]tbeylove.Butson1etin]esinsteadoflearningtocopewitbt}Iesituation byallowingtin]etobealtbewounds,t}Ieybecon]e paralysedwitbdeiection,ponderingaboutitoverand overintbeirn]inds,lookingforwaysandn]eansto n]endtbeirbrokenhearts·Son]eevenexpresstbeir angerandfrustrationthrougbvioIentInetbods. FearandSuperstition

Tbereisyetanotberkindo{feartbatstalkstbebun1an n]ind.Itistbe{earoftbeuncontrollableforceso{

『EAR＆WORRY

natureandoftI]cunknown.T}]isfearbasdoggedn]an tbroughtbeagesasbe>earnedtodeaIwitbwildbeasts andprotectbin]sel{{ron]theattackso{otbertribes.In tbatlongnig}][o{savagery,intbatconstante{{ortto dealwitbtbe{orceso{nature,theseedso{superstition weresownintbebun]ann]ind.Andtbissuperstition baspersistedandbeenpasseddown{ron]generation togenerationuptotbepresentday. Pearinitsprin]itivesenseisdescribedasanintense en]otiona}reactioncbaracterisedbyatten]ptsto{Iee {roIntbesituationwbicbelicitsitandbyphysiological cbangessuchasbIanching,tren>ors,rapidbeartbeat, drynesso{n]outb,etc·Accordingtoawellknown psychologist】obnBroadusWatson,允αγ／Jo〃e㎡t乃e

r／）γee〃〃∕eαγ〃eαe川ot』o〃α／γeαα∕o川﹚肋eo肋eγM﹚ej〃g ／oz／eα〃αα〃geγ.Ⅵ／atson’sviewisthat｛earisinduced inthenewbornbyasuddenlosso{supportorbyIoud

noises.Eventbeinfant,bebeIieves,n]ustreceive

a{{ectionandre-assurance,‘I]otbering’n]ayeasetbe tensionsarising{ron]basaIanxiety.Itisbelievedtbat certain{earsinanewbornin{antcouIdbetboseasso-

ciatedwitbitspreviousexistencewbichbavebeen brougbt{orwardandstillren]ain{reshandvividinits mindandtbatvisionsrelatingtosuchpreviousfears doson]etin]esn]ani{esttben]selves{roItin]etotin]e

duringearlyin{ancy. I/ben{acedwitb{orcesbeyondbiscoIprebension, tbedi{ferencebetweenthesavageandtbebeastbecoI]esapparent.Tbebeastadaptsitselfinstinctively

andsuccun]bstotbisforce.Thesavage,ontbeotber

l•HOWTOLIEWlTH0UTFEAR&WORRY

band,wbensurroundedbywildbeastsstrongertban bin]sel{,orwhencon{rontedbytbe{orceso{nature Iikerain,wind,tbunderandligbtningornatural caIan]itieslikeearthquakes,volcaniceruptionsor epiden]icdiseases,willprostratebin]selfinallterror ontbeground,pleadingprotection{ron]unknown powers.PronIbisearlyperceptiono{apoweroutside bin]sel{,wbicbbetbougbtcouldbeappeasedtbrough prayer,iustasbebin]sel{couldbepleased,thesavage developedritualandworshipandnIadetbe{orceso{ natureasbisgods.Goodforcesbecan]egood‘gods, wbileevil{orcesbecan]eevil‘gods’. PearcoInestotbosewhoareunabIetocon]prehend tbebasiclawso{nature.Eitberasaprincipleor n]otive,fearisthebeginningo{superstitiousbelie{s· ThenotionofincurringtbedispleasureofaCreatoris instiIIedintotbeIindso{thefollowerso{I]anyreligionswbodependontheconcepto{Godfortbe {uI{iln]entofeverytbing.Tbefoundationo{son]ereligioussysten]sandworsbipisbasedontbeinstinctive {earo{tbeunknown.Tbefearcreatedbyreligionsis tl]eworst{orn]o{{earsinceitin]prisonsandensnares then]ind.Pear{ertilizestbegrowtbofsuperstition tbat{Iourisbesinthe{ogo{ignorance. Manyearnsforsecurity{orbirnsel{andfortbose wbon]belovesintbisworldofconstant{luxwbicb

couldoffernopern]anentsolutiontobisproblen]s. Tben]on]entbetbinksbebassoIvedaparticular prob}en],tbeconditionssurroundingtbeoriginal circun]stanceswillcbangeandyetanotherseto{pro-

FEAR&WORRY

blen]swilltbenenIerge,leavingbin]confusedandlost aseverbe{ore.Heisanxious,likeachildwbobuilds

sand-castlesontbebeachandisafraido{everywave tbatcon]esin.

Intbiscraving{orsecurityandfearo{deatb,nIan {allspreytosuperstition.Surroundedbytben]ystery o{tbeuniverse,bedevelopsfaitbintbingsthatbe {ears.Itisignoranceand{earo{tbeunknownthat gaverisetoear}yreligiousbelie{s,andtbeworkingso{ tbeuniverseareexplainedintern]sofin{alliblesupernaturalgodswboaresupposedtocontroIeverytbing thatbappens.Eventbougbsciencebasdonernuchto dispelsucbn]ytbsandin]provetbeknowledgeo{ n]odernn]an,n]ucbofthesuperstitionsinberited {ron]tbepaststillcontinuetoren]ainwithhin>andbe basyettobreakbiInsel{free{ron]tbissel{irnposed bondage.Superstitionsweakenandenslavethen]ind. Superstitiousideas,belie{sandpracticesareingrained notonlyan]ongstuneducatedpeoplebutstrangeIy alsothewell-educatedaswell.

SocietyshouIdrecalltbewordso{theBuddhawbo said:‘W／﹚eγe’oeueγ允αγαγ／JeMMγ／ses／〃t乃e允o／’〃α

〃OM〃t力eⅧ／Je川α〃.

W/batdoesW/orryDotoUs? ‘Wbenenvy,bate,and{eararebabitual,’saysDr. A}exisCarrel,‘theyarecapabIeofstartinggenuine diseases’·MedicaIscienceiso{tbeviewtbatdiseases

|ikediabetes,bigbbloodpressure,gastriculcers,skin

1zHOWTOLlVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

diseasesandasthn]aareaggravated,ifnotactually brougbtabout{ron1anxietyandworry.T}Iougbtcan generateorganicdisordersaswetendtoattractwhat weexpectinlife.Doctors{indthattbeirpatientstend tobealinaccordancewitbtbeirownexpectations, ratberthanhealingastbeprognosiswouldsuggest. Mentalsufferingpro{oundlydisruptsgoodbealtb. BusinessIenwbodonotknowbowtocopewith worryandstressfulsituationso{tendieyoung.Those whoreIaincaln]andn]aintaintbeirinnerpeacein

spiteoftbeexternalturIoilo{worldlylifeareinsulatedfron1nervousandorganicdisorders· Experience}Iassbowntbatagooddealofpbysical andnIentalill-bealtbcanbetracedtoworry.V/orry driesupbloodsoonertbanage·Son]edegreeo{fear, worryandanxietyisnaturalandIayevenbenecessaryforself-preservation,butwbenitisnotunder control,constantfearandprolongedworrywillonly wreak}IavocontbebunIanorganisI·These{actors allcontributetotbeweakeningofournorn]albodily {uncTions·

AccordingtoIedicalopinion,intbetreatn]entof n]ostfunctionaldisorders,closeattentionbastobe

paidtotben]entalconditiono{tbepatient.Tbeybave alsorealisedthatworriesdonotsolveproblernsbut insteadonlyaggravatetben]wbicbinturnwillcause one’spbysicalandn]entalruin.Inaddition,aperson wboisperpetuallyworriedcreatesanunbealtby atn]ospbereatbon]e,intbeo{{iceandinsocietyin general.Tbroughrashactionsarising{ron]}]isper-

FEAR&WORRY

sona}worryandanxiety,beupsetstbepeaceand bappinessofotbersaroundbin]· >ustasworryiscapableofcausingson]ucbbarn]to onesel{andotbers,soalsois{ear.Persistent{earkeeps apersoninastateo{perpetualn]entaltensionand anguishPearprogressivelyerodesli{eanddebasestbe n]ind.Pearisapotentpessin]istic{orcewhicbdarkens the{uture.Ifan]anbarboursanykindof{ear,bisway o{tbinkingwillbeaffected.Thisunwboleson]eI]enta}stateiscapableo{erodinghispersonalityand Inakingbin]}andlordtoagbost. Sogreata}Ioldhas{earuponusthatithasright>y beendescribedasbun]anity’sarcb-enen]y.Pearbas becon]ea{ixedn]entalstatean]ongstn]illionso{ people.Toliveincontinueddread,cringing,and bauntedbythe{earo{devils,spooks,godsand goddessesistbecon]n]onIoto{hun]anitywalIowing lnlgnorance.

Pearcanboweverturntopanicincasesofunexpectedcriseswbentherearenopreparations{or IT]eetingtbet}]reat.

z OURTROUBLES

A‘／城C〃∕t㎡〃rio〃C〃凸e乃甽（∕／eαi〃刖otⅢ）／J;We C甽e肋CγαoJo川e咖〃groC乃〃ge／t’oγ允Cei乙〃叨e Cα〃αOsO川e咖〃g’肋C〃叨／U∕ⅧOγU／α〃αgα叩sαOUeγ ／t-／川rC乃α〃geiM∕r乃eγe／﹩〃o咖〃g叨eα〃αo》αgαi刀’ u／／U／叨oγγ）／α〃αgα叩Jαoueγ㎡川j〃gJ叨／／／〃otgα 凸αteγu／肋α〃geγα〃α叨oγU／.～J／﹚α〃／／t／（」∕iα～

L腓刪Ⅲ∣刪!黜毗刪嚐躺

troubIeswillaIwaysbeapartandparcelo{bun]an experience.Onson]eoccaslons,wen]aybebIessed witbgain,{aIe,praiseorbappiness;andwen]ayalso {acetheun{avourabIesituationso{}oss,ill-{an]e,

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blan]eandpain.Li{eswingslikeapendulun].One Inon]ent,itswingstowardsfavourableconditions whicbwereceivesoheartily;atanotbern]onIent,it swingstowardsunfavourableconditionswbicbweso desperate>yseektoavoid. Insteado{understandingworldlyconditions,as wbattbeyreallyare,peopleson]etin]esbavethe tendencyton]agnifytbeirtroubles.T}Iisissin]ilarto thesaying‘n]akingan>ountainoutofan]olehill.’ I/benpeopleloseson]eoneorsoInetbingtheylove’

tbey{eeltbattheywillneverbeabletobebappy again.W/hendisturbedandbarassedbypeoplewbo areinsensitivetotbeirneeds,they{eeltbattbeybave neverbe{orebeensobarsblytreated·Andtbeycarry thatburtintbeirn]inds,clingingtothepainneedlesslyandcontinuingtosu{{erwitbtbosetbougbts. Woulditnotbebettertoletgoofsucbthoughtsand realisetbatsinceaIconditionedtbingsrnustoneday con]etoanend,sotbeunfavourablesituationstbey areexperiencingwillalsopassaway? I/esbouldunderstandtbattbereisawayouto{tbe su{{eringandproblernswe{aceintbislife·Noneis hopelessIyconden]nedtoeternalIisery,unlessbe biIT]selfallowsittobeso.Itisin]portanttorealisetbat allconditionedpbenon]ena,includingsu{feringand alIprobIen]s,ariseoutofcausesandtbatnotbingcan arisebywayo{independentcauses.Havingrealised tbis,wecanputanendtoeachandevery{orn]of suf{eringbydiscoveringtherootcausesofourproblen]s.

16HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

IhcingProbleIns I/esbouldnotbedisbeartenedwben{acedwith

probleIns,butinsteadactwiselyinovercon]ingthen]. Noworldly-n]indedpersoncaneverbefreefron] problen]s.Hence,itisnotson]ucbwboexperiences problen]st}Iatn]arkstbedi{ferencebetweenawise andanunwiseperson,buttbeIannerinwbicbbe facestheI.

Socrates,wbosewi{ewasreputedtobebotteIperedwouldalwaysfindfaultwithbin]andused tonaghin]alIostdaily.Oneday,whensbehad {inisbedallwbatsbebadtosay,Socratescon]plirnentedhersayingtbatconIparedtopreviousoccasions,shebadonthatparticulardays}1ownson]e in]proven]entinberdictionandstyleofspeech Tbisshowshowawisepersonshould{ace{alse accusationandblan]einahun]ourousway. PanditNebruoncesaid:‘W它乃甽ero允cePγo凸／e川s α〃肌ryto﹩o／uet乃eⅢWe乃αzjeto允cet乃e川’ceγtαi〃b’

o〃α叩∕γ／川α∕凸αC走gγoⅢα〕凸川〃otγⅡα叨α〕介o川 t乃e加i〃肋e〃α川e㎡咖γ咖α／／,Ⅲ’ EllaV/ilcoxgivesberviewpointonsn]ilingones wayouto{troubles.

‘〃seαD／e〃O〃gⅢO凸e尸∕eα＄α〃t; Wf﹚eM／bβO叨s∕／走eα﹩O〃g﹚

B川t乃e川α〃叨Oγt乃叨乃／／e’ ／st乃eO〃eⅧ乃Oα〃s川／／e’

W／﹚e〃咖〃gSgoαeαα叨γo〃g‧ 凡γ咖te﹩mf咖beαγt／﹩tγO幼∕e

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】了

A〃αitα∕叨〃sCO川es叨肋t乃e）／eαγs’ A〃αt乃es川／／et加t／J叨Oγt乃

Ⅷe戶川㎡ses㎡eαγt乃’ IJtl﹚eJ川／／e肋αt咖〃eJ叻γo〃g乃t乃e亡eαγJ.’ Dr·RabindranatbTagore,awell-knownIndian poet,explainsinaprayer,tbeapproacbto{ace problen]switboutbarbouringfearorworry· ‘Lα川e〃ot戶h‘）／to凸es乃e∕teγeα介o川αα〃geγs’ B〃M,e允αγ∕eJM〃允C／〃g咖Ⅲ Lα川e〃oM,eg允γt乃e咖∕／／〃g㎡川）／尸α川’ B〃t允γ咖乃eαγ㎡oCO叫Ⅲγ呱 Lα川e〃OtC川Ue川α川／O川允αγtO凸e﹩甽eα’ B〃M﹚oPe允γ咖pαt／e〃CetO叨／〃川介eeαOⅢ’

Son]etbingunpleasantbappens,say,our{avourite tbingorpossessionislostorisaccidentallybroken· Tberearetwowaysofreactingtotbelossanddan]age. V/ecaneitberchoosetobroodoverit,byblaIing eitberourselvesorothers.Orwecanpassitoffby saying‘Tbetbingisgone·Itisbadenougbtobavelost it,butwbysbouldweallowitton]aIKeusun}]appy tosuffertbelossanddan]age?’ItwouldbeusefuI totracebacktotbecausestbatbadledtothebreakage andlosssoastoavoidsucbanoccurrenceintbe ｛uture。W∕ecanalsotbinkaboutbowtbelosscanbe

replaced,orbowtoavertwbateverprobleIstbatn]ay arisefroIntbatloss.I{tbelossiso{norealconse-

quencetootbers,wen]ayevenstarttodoson]etbing

18HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

elsetotakeourrnindfron1tbeincident,sinceitisin

thenatureofcon]poundedtbingstbatsucboccurrencesbappen.Sbouldanunfortunatetbingbappen andifitisbeyondourcontrol,tbenwitbtbesupport ofourunderstandingo{tbenatureo{life,wen]ust bavetbecouragetofaceit. Inotberwords,adoptapositivefran]eo{rnind wbenfacedwitbsucbproblen]s,ratbertbanletit dwellonnegativestates.I{unbappinesssbouldarise duetoanegativefran]eofn]inditisreallyofourown doingorseeking. AccordingtotbeBuddha,‘〃／〃α／‘咖允γeγ甽〃eγ㎡ α／／咖t肌M／〃α／J咖c／｝川／〃α﹣川ααeαγe咖＄eJtαtes.’ TheBuddbaalsotaughttbatoursorrowsarecaused byourownactionsandarisefron]ourownignorance. Hesbowedusbowtoren]ovesorrow,butweour-

selvesIustworktogainbappiness.

DevelopingCourageandUnderstanding

Allnegative{orcescanbeuprootedbytbecorrect rnetbodofnIeditationorn]entalcuItureastaugbtby theBuddba,becausetheuntrainedn]indistben]ain

causeofsuchillnessorproblen]s.TbeBuddbabadsaid tbattben]indisverybardtoperceive,extren]ely subtIeanditwandersatwilI.AwisepersonwiIlguard itasaguardedn]indisconducivetohappiness. Itiscon]Ion{orpeopIetob}an]eothersfortbeir worries,especiaIywhentheydonot{indasolutionto theirproblen]s.Undertbesecircun]stances,itisso

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convenientto{indascapegoat:soIeonewbocouldbe blan]edfortboseproblen]sandonwhorngrievances couldbevented.W/benacbildisburtitstartstocry· Tostopitfron]cryingandtonIakeitfeelbetter,its n]otberpretendstobitanotberpersoniusttos}]owt}]e cbildtbatheorsbe}Iadbeenresponsibleforbaving causedittocry.Tbechildbeingsatisfiedthatits vengeancebadbeenaccon>plisbedstopscryingand startstosrnile·Tbisclearlyshowsthatt}Ietakingo{ revengeonsorneonegivessatisfactiontotbeordinary hun]anrnind.

ItisaIwaysbardtoadn]itone’sshortcon]ings,and soeasytolaytbeblan]eonson]eoneelse·Infact,son]e wouldeventakepleasureindoingsobutitisawrong attitudetoadopt.W/}]en{acedwitbasin]ilarsituation, wesbouIdnotberesentfulorangrywithotbers.W/e sboulddoourutIostinapainstakingandcaln]wayto solveourownprobleIns·Itisalwaysgoodtorernen1ber tbatwhileotberscancreatedisturbanceswbichprovide conditionsfortbearisingofworrieswitbinus’noone cancreateworriesinourn]indifweknowhowto

guardourselveswel>. IntheDhan1n】apada,theBuddbasaid:‘Yo〃γ叨oγJt e〃e川）／α〃〃OM》αγ川）／O〃αJ川〃C乃αD／O〃γO叨〃川加α, Ⅷg〃αγαM』刎O川e川αJteγeα’〃oo〃eα〃乃e!P）／Ⅲαs 川川乃’〃OteⅢ〃﹚O川允咖γ﹚川ot乃eγoγα〃）／ot乃eγ γe∕bZt／De.’

The{ollowinginiunctionsbyawell-lKnownpoetcan belpustofaceourtroubIeswitbcourageandwitbout barbouringresentn]entinourhearts.

2•HOWTOL<VEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

Hb膠De允肋f〃﹚Ⅲ

‘If）Ⅲ足eeP）／o〃乃eαα﹚叨阮／eα／／α凸ⅢU／o〃 Aγe∕o咖gt乃e／γJα〃α凸／ZJ川／〃g／to〃）／o〃J 〃﹞O〃α〃tγ川U／O〃＄eγ刎e〃O咖γsαO幼U／Ⅲ’ B川川α足eα∕／O叨甽cej允γ咖／γαO〃伽〃gtOO﹚

‘〃﹞o〃α〃叨α∕M〃α〃O肋etiγeα勿叨α／t／〃g﹚ Oγ凸ei〃g／／eαα凸o川α〃α〃oMeα∕／〃／／eS’ Oγ凸e／〃g乃αtMα刀α〃otg川e叨〃to加咖g’ ／﹨／oγ）／α∕oo足toogooα’〃oγtα／肘oo叨／Se〕

‘〃j／O〃α〃αγeα加α〃α川t川α走Mγeα川JW〃〃α咖γ, 〃）／o〃cα〃咖〃走α〃α〃ot川α走er凸Ⅲg乃U／o〃αⅢ｝ If）o〃Cα〃川eα叨劬乃／〃呷乃α〃αD／JαⅢγ A〃﹙／tγcα㎡乃oJe刎o!川POⅢγJ／川㎡乃eJα川ej 應〃）／O〃α〃川α走eO〃el﹚e叩㎡α／／﹞ⅢγⅢⅢ川gJ A〃αγ／﹩走加〃o〃et〃〃㎡P／tC乃﹣α〃α-to卯’ A〃α∕oJeα〃αstαγtαgα／〃αtt乃M,eg／〃〃／〃g﹚ A〃α〃OM,γeαt乃eα叨Oγαα凸O川）／O〃∕O叫《〃W〃α〃凸eαγtO乃eαγtl﹚et川t加Ⅲ’Ue叩o走e〃丁to／JtM凸）／觔αUestO川α走eαt川P允γ允O／s’ Oγ＄eet乃e咖〃gD／Ⅲg川e）／o〃／旅to’凸γo足e〃 AMJto尸to加∕∕αt乃e川〃Pαgα／〃叨觔叨oγ〃﹣o川too／j｝

‘〃）jo〃Cα刀允γCe）／o川乃eαγM〃α〃e川eα〃αJ／〃e叨﹩ 丁oJeγUe咖∕γ川γ〃／o〃g峨eγ肋e﹞αγeαo〃e’ A〃αJo乃o∕αo〃Ⅷ乃e〃t力eγe／J〃o咖〃g／〃）／o〃 ExCeP〃乃e叨／∕∕叨阮C儿α）／JtOt乃e川’‘‘HO∕αO〃∕’’

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‘〃）o〃α〃tα股Ⅷ肋CγO叨α＄〃α足ecP〕OⅢU〃加e’ Oγ叨α／ho肋K／〃g﹩α〃α〃ot／o＄α乃eco川川o〃to〃叻; 〃〃e肋eγ允e﹩oγ∕OU／〃g介／e〃αJα〃伽γt〕O〃 A〃αα／／川e〃CO〃〃t叨奶）／O〃’凸〃t〃O〃etOO川〃C乃, ‘吁）ⅢⅧ〃t乃e〃吮γg／tj／〃g川』〃te W／t乃咖U／seCoMJ叨O肋㎡α／＄tα〃Ceγ〃’ Y0〃γM川乃eEαγt乃α〃αeUeU∕咖〃gt乃αtM〃／t A〃α’叨l﹚α加川Oγe’﹚／Ⅲ’∕川eα川α〃’川sO〃／’ W/henwearefacedwith{ear,considerablecourage isrequiredtorecognisetbetrutbofitsorigin,andstill greatercouragetoaccepttbattrut}Iafterwebave experiencedit·W/eattractwbatwefearandwbenwe con{rontfearstbeydisappear.Gettingtbatfearout

intotbeopenandfrankly{acingitisofprirnary iIportance.Ifwecanobiectivelytracetbeoriginof tbe{ear,wewouIdbavewonbalftbebattleofovercornlng1t.

W/ben{acedwitbworries,weshouldnotweara

sulky{aceandexbibitittotberesto{tbeworld. Everyonehasenougho{bisorberownproblen]s, witbouthavingtoaddonsornetbingextrafrorn son]eoneelse.IfwelikewecouldconfideourprobIeInswitbanotberpersonorspeaktoson]eonewbo canreallybelpus,butnotaddtotbeIiseryo{one whocannot.

Dowebavetbecourageandstrengtbton]aintaina sn]ilewben{acingdif{iculties?Itisnotreal}ydifficult, i{weweretoreducetheegoisn]whicb}eadsoneto believetbatonlybeorsbeaIoneneedscon]forting·In

22HOWTOLIEW<THOUTPEAR&wORRY

addition,weshouldalsocountourblessingsratber thanshortconIings.AlwaysreInenIbertbesaying,? cO川戶LJ／〃eα叻αt川αα〃OJ乃OeJ〃〃t／〃川αα川α〃叨乃O 乃αα〃o允α.’Whenwethinktbus’wewillrealisetbat therearen]anypeoplewbon]aybeinanevenworse positionthanweourselves,andagainstthisunderstandingourownprobIen]canbereducedaccording}y. Thinkingo{otbersrathert}Mnbroodingoverour ownprobIen]sisalsoawayo{beingbappy.The personwhoisbusyn]akingotbersbappywillbaveno tiInetothinkofhisownseIfishneeds·

AnotedBritishanatornistwasonceaskedbya student:‘Wbatisthebestcure{orfear?,Hisanswer

was,‘丁〉）αo／〃gso川e咖〃g允γJo川eo〃e.’Tbestudent wasconsiderabIyastonishedandrequestedforfurtber clarification.Inreplytheinstructorsaid,‘Youcan,t bavetwoopposingsetso{tboughtsinyournIindat oneandthesan]etin]e·Onesetoftbougbtswillalways drivetbeotherout.I{,{orinstance,yourIindiscoIpIetelyoccupiedwithanunselfishdesiretobelp son]eoneelse,youcan,tbebarbouring{earattbesan]e tin]e.,Tbisnotionthatitisin]possibletohavea whoIesornetboughtandanunwbolesonIetboughtat oneandthesan]etiIehasbeenpointedoutintbe Buddba,steacbings.Byconstantlystrivingtodevelop awholesornestateo{rnind,wecanleavenorooInfor delusionorfeartotakeroot.Inaddition,wewillalso

beableton1aintainawarn]{eelingo{bavingdone sornethingusefuI{oranother. Anin1portantstepincontrollingtbenIindistbe

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discipliningoftbebodyandspeecb.Tbefivesense organsnan]elyeyes,nose,tongue,ears,andbody -providelivingbeingswithsense-inforn]ation {ronltbeirenvironn]ent.Tbeeyesseeobiectswbich createtbougbts.Likewise,tbeearsaredrawnto soundsandtbenosetosInellswbichalsocreate

tbougbts.Arising{ron]thesensein{orn]ationo{seeing,hearing,sn]elling’tastingandtouching’tben]ind distinguisbestbatwbichispleasant,unpleasantand neutral.Inaddition,ita}sodictateswbatthebody sboulddoinresponsetotbesan]esignal.Mostpeople respondtotbeirsense-obiectsspontaneously’developingattachIenttopleasantobiectsandaversionto unpleasantobiects·Tbereareveryfewpeoplewboare notcontrolledbytbeseconditionedresponses. Onen]ustlearntocontrolone’st}]ougbtsinorder tobaveabettercontroloverone’sbodyandspeech Tbougbtscanbeclassi{iedaswholeson]eandunwboleson]e.V/bolesornethoughtsarethosetbatcontributetot}IedevelopIento{apositivecbaracter, properattitudeandrightbebaviour.Sucbtbougbts areconducivetothebene{itandwell-beingofInankind.Ontbeotberband,tbougbtswbichundern]ine thedevelopIentofapositiveindividualandcontributetothedetrin]ento{Inankindareunwboleson]e

thougbts. Onesbouldlearntorecognizethenatureofone’s tbougbtsastheyarisefroInn]on]enttornon]ent, distinguishingthewboleson>etboughts{ron]tbe unwholesonIeones.Onceapersonbasdevelopedthe

2斗

H0W丁OLⅣEWlTHOUT「EAR＆WOⅢY

{acilityo{watcbingbisthoug}1ts,bebasn]adeasigni{icantbeadwayinnurturingwboleson]ethoughts·I{ thethoughtSinbisn]indareunwholeson]e,beappIies rigbte{{orttoren]ovesuchunwboleson]etbougbts, andatthesan]etin>epreventsthearisingofsucb tboughts.I{thethoughtsarewbo}eson]e’beusesrigbt e{{orttocuItivateandpron]otesucbthougbts.In otherwords,througbthecuItivationo{awarenesso{ one,sthougbts,apersoncanlearntohavecontrol overthen]indinsteado{beingreactivetosense in]pu}ses{edbyhissenses.

Tbeprocesso{discipIiningtbebodyandpuri{ying speechandn﹞indbringshappiness.晅veryonewantsto IivehappiIy,andbappinessiseveryone,sbirtbright. Toachievebappinesstowhicboneisentitled,we shouldpractisetI]eseI{-cleansingprocesspreScribed bvtbeBuddba:

l)TodiscardaIIunwboIeson]ethougbtstbatbave arlsen;

Z）ToeIirninateunwl﹞oIeso『netbougbtsasthey arlse;

])Tonurturewholeson]etboughtstbathave arisenbyputtingtben]intodaiIypractice;and 4)Tocu}tivatewboIesometbougbtst}ntbavenot yetarlsen.

Tbese{oursin]pIeguidelinescaneasilybepractised inourdailyIives.Thisisoneoftbewayston]aintain ahealthynIindwhicbeveryonecan{oIIow.Altbough n]anyn]aychoosenotto{ollowitbutwouldpre{erto

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giveintothedictateso{theircraving,desireand aversion,weshouldnot{ollowsuiti{wesincerely wisbtohavehappiness.Itisnevertoolatetostart practisingsel{-awarenessanddisciplinetocultivatea positive,wbolesorneandcreativeIind.Anytin]eisa goodtiIetostart,especiallystartingfroInow. PuttingProb>en>sinTheirProperPerspective

SoIetiIneswhenweare{acedwithaseriousproblen], we{eeldepressedwitbitsseeIningnIagnitudeand weigbt.V/bentbisbappens,itispro{itabletowander outintbeeveningandlookupattbesky.W/esee countlessnun]berso{stars.Pron]outerspace,tbesun inoursolarsysten]willonlyappearasoneo{the innun]erablenun]berofstars.Iftbesunweretodis-

appearsuddenly{ron]space,woulditsabsencebe noticed{ron]outerspace? Ourworldisonlyatinyspeckintheuniverse路 V/hatifweweretodisappear{ron]t}]eworld,would itbeofanyuniversalsigni{icance?Ourlovedonesand {riendso{coursewilln1issusforatin]e,butbesides

then1,Iaybenooneelsewould路Butcon]paredto ourselves,hown]uchsn]allerareourtroubles?W/ben

weconsidertbevastnesso{theuniversewitbtbetiny speckwbicbtheSunisandthetinierspeckwbicbwe callt}Ieworld,andourtroubleswillappearvery n]inuteindeedinconIparison.

Ifwecanseeourproblen]sintbisperspective,we wouldunderstandtbe{irststepoftbeNobleEigbt-

26HOW丁OLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

{oldPath,tbatis,RigbtViewpoint.Thiscanalso n]eanarigbtsenseo{values,thatis’bynottbinking thatwearen]oreirnportantthanwereallyare·Andif wecandevelopthisviewpoint,wewillknowwhat thingsinlifen]atterandw}Mtdonot,andthatour troubleswhichcon]eandgoareofnorealsignificance.Ponderforan]on]entthesignificanceofthe undern]entionedvaluablesayinginIs}arn· ‘几肋／Jt凸e﹩o川ce㎡川尸O叨Ⅱ soγγo叨iJ甽介／e刎肋o叨∕e‘／ge／J川叨eαPo肌 Pα㎡E川e∕J川﹚／Gαγ凸α〃αViγ卹e’ ～Pγ℃P肫／几川加川川αC／～

TroubIeswillsoonpass.W/hathadcausedyou toburstintotearstodaywil>soonbe{orgotten toInorrow.Yournayperbapsren]ernberthatyou cried’butrnaybenottbeexactcircun]stanceswhich causedthetears.Asw巳gothrougⅢi｛e,wewasteso n]ucbrnentalenergywhenweIieawakeatnigbt, broodingoverson]ethingthathadupsetusduringthe day.V/enurseresentrnentagainstson]eoneandkeep runningthesan]etboughtsoverandoveragain t}Troughourn]ind.Butisitnotsothatwbilewen]ay {allintoarageaboutson]etbingnow,thata{terson]e tin]ehaseIapsedandotberprobIen]sarisewhich wouldseen]tobernorepressing,wen]aybeginto wonderwbatitwasthatinthe{irstplacewewereso

OURTROUBLES

angryabout?I{were{lectonpastresentn]ents,we wilIbesurprisedto{indbowwebavedeliberateIy continuedtobeunbappywhenwecouIdbavein{act puttbatunbappinesstoastopbydoingortbinking aboutson]etbingeIse· W/bateverourtroub>es,howevcrpressingtbeyn]ay appear,tin]ewillbealourwounds.Butbesidesleaving thingstotin]e,surelytberen]ustbeson]ethingwecan dotopreventourselves{ron]beinghurtintbe{irst place.V/ecouldn]aintainourpeaceofn]indbynot allowingpeopleortroublestodrainourenergiesaway sinceitisourselvesandnototberswhocreateour

unhappiness· W/egainacaden]icknow|edgewithoutpersonal experience·Arn>edwithacaden>icknowledgeson]e youngpeopIethinktbeycansolvealltbeworld’sproblen]s·Sciencecanprovidetben]aterialthingstosolve ourproblen]s,butitcannotbelpustosolveourspiritualproblen>s.TbereisnosubstituteforwisepeopIe wbobaveexperiencedtbeworld.Thinkaboutthissaying,‘‘W/benIwasl8,Ithoughtwhata{ooln]y{atber was·NowthatIan]Z8,Ian]surprisedhown]ucbtbe oldn]anhaslearnedinl0years!,,Itisnotthe{atber tbatbaslearned,ratberitisyouwhobavelearnedto seetbingsinan]atureway.

3 WHYDOW／ESUFFER三

Ⅷeα川eqfJ』〈〃bγ／〃g／Ⅲo咖〃g凸甽Se吮s乃α帥γe’允C﹣ t／o〃凸α叨ee〃e∕e川e〃t＄α〃αe〃eγgie5α〃αCl﹚α〃ge5. ～BαC此汲）α～

T艦腮刪刪f蹴韜刪紕飛

Itn1aybeuse{ultolookintobislifeandhissearch intotbecauseandcure{oruniversalsu{{ering. Asaprince,SiddhartbaIedasbelteredli{ean]idst thesplendour,beautyandsecurityo{bispalace.Hc knewnodiscon]fort,on}yeaseandluxury.Dayand nigbt,bewasentertainedbybeauti{u}n]aidsand

WHYDOWESUPFER>

attendants,bycourtn]usiciansandenticingdancers· He}Iadeverythingan]anwouldwantofeartblypleasures,yetbefeltavoidinbisprincelyli{e. W/bileventuringoutoftbepalaceoneday,Siddbartbasaw{oursig}Its,whichn]aybeordinarytoour eyesbutwbicbtobin]badagreatin]pact.Hesawon separateoccasionsanoldn]an,asicknIan,adeadnIan andan]endicantorn]onkTbesefoursigbtsIadea deepin]pressiononbin1,asbebadseentbenI{ortbe {irsttin>einbisadultlife·Hewassbockedattbe

natureofworldlysu{{eringhunlansaresubiected toa{terbavingwitnessedtbe{irstthreesigbts.It ren]indedbin]thatoldage,sickness,and{inally, deatb,weretbecon>Ionloto{}Iun]anity,andtbatbe toowouldonedaybavetofacetbesan]efate· However,itwasthesigbto{an]endicant,wbicb gavebiItbe}Iopeo{deliverance.ItgavebinItbe inspirationandcouragetorenouncebisregalposition andallworldlypleasurestoseektheTruthtbatwould belpsu{feringbun>anity. Onenightbeturnedbisbackonn]aterialpossessions andwentinsearcboftbeuniversalanswerstotbe

problen1so{existence·Tbatwastbenightwbenheleft thepalacequietly,dressedonlyinasinglerobe.Por sixlongyears,bebardlyknewwheretogoortorest· Hebadnocon]panionsandnoproperIeals,except wbatthepeoplegavebin].Heatefron]tbealn]sbowl likeacon>Inonbeggar.Havingbeenusedtoalifeof luxury,bealIosttbrewupattbe{irstsighto{tbe iun]bleo{coarsefoodinhisbowlwbichtbepoor

3•HOWTOLIEW<THOUTFEAR&WORRY

peopIebadofferedhin﹞‧Butheendureditall╴tbe food,tbeblazingsun,tbedrencbingrain,andtbecold nigbtsintbeforest╴andwanderedbarefootedfronI placetoplace,fron>teacbertoteacberinsearcboftbe truth

TbeTrutbfinallydawneduponbin]sixyearslater wbileseatedundertbeBodbitree.Duringbissearcb, hecan]etosbaretbewbolevastspectrun]ofhun1an experiences.Helearnedaboutunsatis{actorinessnot onlyfron]bislifeofabundantluxury,butalsoby followingforawbiletbewayo{tbeasceticsw}Io torturedtbeirbodiesundertbebelieft}Iatwisdon1and

{reedon]couldbeattainedtbrougbsuc}]practices.He aln]ostdiedfroIsucbpracticeswbichultin>ately

provedfutile.Healsotriedtolearnfron>tbebest teacberswhowi}>inglytaugbtbin],butwbowere unabletogivetbeanswersbesougbt. Realisingtbatbebadto{indtbeTrutbtbrougbbis owneffort,hegaveupself-tortureand{ollowedthe MiddlePatbofavoidingtbeextren]esofindulgent luxuryandsel{-torture.V/itbperseveranceandun-

{ailingdetern]ination’begiinedBuddbahoodtbrougb bisownperseveringeffort. TheBuddhadiscoveredtbatSuffering,wbichis causedbydesire’couldbeputtoanendbyfollowing tbeNobleEigbtfoldPathTbrougbtbisPatb,suffer-

ingcouldbeendedcoIpletely.Havingunderstood coIpletelytbenatureoflife,tbeBuddbadedicated tberesto{bislifetoteacbwbatbe}Iaddiscoveredto allwbowouldlistentobin>andunderstand.

WHYDOWESUFPER)

TheNatureofLife

TbeBuddbasawsuf{eringassu{fering,andhappiness

asbappiness.Tbisisnotw}Iatunenlig}]tenedn]inds wouldsee.Generally,n]ostpeopledislikebavingto facet}Ietruefactso{life.T}]eylulltben]selvesintoa falsesenseo{securitybyday-drean]ingandin]agination,takingtbeshadowforthesubstance.Manynever see,knoworevencareto{indoutthefactsofli{e,preferringtolivea}]un]drun]existenceint}Ieworldto wbicbt}Ieyareborn. Ifweexan]inet}]eactualstateofbun]anity,itis c>earthattbisstateisn]arkedbyunsatisfactoriness tbroug}Iout.Everylivingbeing,}In]anorotberwise, tbrougboutthewholeuniverseisstrugglingforexistencet}Irougbaneverendingbattleforsurvival.T}1e briefn]on]entsof}1appinesscon1etoanendwiththe onsetofsickness,oldageanddeath Goetbe,tbegreatGerrnanpoet,dran]atistand philosopber,oncesaidthat卵eⅧeγetocoⅡM〃肋e α叫J㎡γeα川α〃伽’M﹚el﹚ααα〃／〃g乃M／b㎡川et乃e）／

叨Ⅲ／αo〃0αM叩tO〃o川oγe肋α〃α允γ加杪t／〃 α〃γα㎡O〃‧

HoweveringeniouslywenIightplanandorganise oursocietyandadiusthun]anrelationsbips’solongas theworldrenIainswbatitiseventhebestofuscannot

escapesuffering.Evenif,byson>estrokeofgood fortune,wen]anagetoevadet}]eusualirritantsoflife, wecannotfreeourselvesfron]deathOurbodily organisn]hasinittbeseedsofdissolution.Mortality

3zHOWTOLIEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

isnativetoourworldofcornponenttbings.Tbe thoughtofdeatbastbeendtoallexistencewouldbe unendurabletotheignorantwboiscaugbtintbeweb o{worldlyexistenceandengrossedintbeenioyn]ent o{tbeHeetinglifewbicb}]en]istakenlytbinlKsis pern]anent.

Tbedangerofrefusingtofacefactsandacceptthe trutbsoflife,sucbasoldageanddeatb,istbatit n]akesapersonsufferevenn]ore,notless,intbelong run.Recollectionontheinevitabilityofdeath, acconIpaniedwiththerightattitudeofIind,givesa personcouragetoleadapurposefullifeandcaln]ness duringperiodsofsorrowandatthetinIeofdeatb. Unsatisfactorinessfollowsn1anlikebissbadow

alongtbepatbwayoflife.Duringchildbood,bebasto sboulderthedernandsofduty.Int}Ieprin1eofrnanhood,bestrugglesceaselesslytosupporthirnself andhisfan]ilyinanswertobisresponsibilities.T}]e decliningyearsbringsickness,weakness,dependency,loneliness,suffering,andfinally,deatb.Such istbefateofallhuInanity. Itissbeerfollytoexpectsecurityoreternalbappinesswhileonesoiournsinaworldsubiecttoconstant change.Peopleworkbardandundergon]uchsufferinginordertobavealittlebito{pleasure.Butt}Iey wouldbavetogiveupfleetingpleasuresiftbeywisb

tosccureperIanenthappiness.I{n]anwishestoput anendtosuffering,beInusteradicatehisownselfishnessandcultivatecontentrnent.

WHYDOWESUFFER>

UnderstandingtheIhctsofLife

TbosewhobavenotstudiedtheBuddba,steacbings cannotunderstandwhatisIneantbytbestatenIent tbatexistencecreatessu{fering.Reflectontbis:Every creaturewhichlivesoneartheitberpreysonot}Ier aniInalsorisitse>{beingpreyedupon路A>lcreatures eitherbuntorarebuntedbyothers.Evenherbivorous aniInalsliveinfearbecausetheyaretbevictin]sof otheranin1alsandbun]anbeings路Noonecanescape fron]tbiseternalbattleforsurvivalwbichcreates

suffering,fearofdeatbanduncertaintyinli{e.The turningpointintheBudd}Ia,slifecarnewbenbewas stillaprince.Onedayheobservedtbata{rogwas swallowedbyasnake.Justthenabawkswooped downandcarriedbothtbesnakeand{rogaway路The princereflectedupontbispbenoIenonandobserved tbatallexistenceissorrow{ulbecauselivingbeingstry toescapefronIeacbother.AttbesaIetinIe,they preyonothers{orsurvival.Itisdi{ficulttounderstandwbyalltbeseinnocentbeingssbouldsu{{erif tbeywerecreatedbyanallpower{ul,con]passionate creator路Howcouldsucbacreatorallowbiscreatures

tobepreyeduponbyothersandtoliveinconstant fear?

IntbeworldnIarkedwitbunsatis{actoriness,the

Buddban]akesnopretenceo{o{feringstabilityinconditionsandtbingswbicbareessentiallyunstable. Son]epeoplewbodonotunderstandthiscallbin]a pessin>ist.Tbeyarenotunlikeacbildwbobuildsa

3令HOwTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

sandcastleneartbeseaandregardsanypredictiono{ itsdissolutionwitbtberisingtideaspessinIisn].But theBuddbaof{ersson]et}]ingin{initelybettert}Ian[be stabilitywbicbpeoplefoolisblyseekinunstable worldlypbenonIena.Heofferstben]an]ethodo{ attainingultin]atestability,Nibbana,wbicbiseternallypeacefuIandsecure. W/orld>yconditions,accordingtoBuddhisn],are inIpern>anentandunsatisfactory·Tbecurrentwaveo{ discontentn]entwhic}]n>aniscaughtupwitbisn]ainly duetoalackofunderstandingoftbefleetingnatureof worldlylife·Manyo{usdonotknowtbisnatureat all‧正venifwedo,we｝Iabituallyfailtoapplyittoour dailylives·Inourignorance’weblan]et}Iegovernn]ent,societyoreverybodyelseexceptourselves·As culturedpeople,weoughttoknowt}Iatouregoisn] andignorancearetobeblan]ed.W/}]atbindersusfronI realisingtbeTRUTHisourselfisbness,ourpride, hatredandignorance.Tbesedefilen]entsappearto besorealtbatourpowertobelieveintbeTrutbis crippled. W/edonotliketbetruthbecauseson]etin>esitis

unpleasant,inconvenient,oritdoesnotsupportour craving.Tbereisnootbern]orein]portantiniunction intbeworld,noronewitbadeeperbiddenIeaning, thantbephrase（usedbySbakespeareinHan﹞let）‘丁o 咖〃eo叨〃se肥er川e.’Inotberwords’betruetoyour ownconscience.W/hetherweaccepttbeTrutbtbat cravingcausessorrowornotdoesnotandcannotalter thebasicprincipleso{tbeuniverse·W/ecanrecognise

WHYDOWESUFFER>

tbedifferencebetweenrightandwrong’buttbrougb ourignoranceandfoolishness,werationaliseorgive athousandreasonsforfailingtoperceivetbatdifference.Withourintelligence,wecaniustifyouractions foranywrongfulactionscon]n]itted,butintbefinal analysis’itisbettertocallaspadeaspade.W/enIustbe Iikeagoodsurgeonwbocanlocatethesourceofa cancerousgrowtbandren]oveit.Tbeoperationis painful,butoncetbediseasedpartisren>oved,our cbanceso{en]oyinggoodbealtbarevastlyenbanced. IeetingHappiness

Lifeisunsatisfactorybecauseitisin]pern]anent· HenriBergson,t｝IePrenchpbilosopher,says,‘乃 ex／st／Jto叻α〃ge﹜to叻α〃ge』sto川α川γe川o川α卹γezJ togoo〃deα甽go〃e＄eγe〃α／Ⅲ（y’So,thosesuffering anddespairingoneswhoseeklightandguidance sbouldnotbasetbeirhopeso{bappinessonalife wboseelen]entsareinafluxastheshiftingsandso{a riverIouth

I/benapersonbasahappylife,bewouldlikethe passageo{tin]etostandstill.Thisceaselesspassageof tin]eissoobviousaqualityofourlivesthatwetakeit forgranted.W/it}]intbisceaselessn]oven]ent,all tbingsweknowareborn,grow,decayanddie,and wewillgothrougbthisprocesswitbthen]. ‘L洮』sⅢceγtα∕〃’’s叫Ⅲ乃eB〃ααlM’‘凸川αeαt乃／s · ,

CeγtαZ〃‧

36HOWTOLlVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

TbelawofirnperInanencelaysitscruelhandsonall people.Andallyoutbendsinoldage,allhealtbin sickness,allstrengthiniIpotence,allbeautyin ugliness,andalllifeindeathNothingcanstoptbis process.Deathfollowsbirtb,asnightfollowsday. TbisprocessofchangeiscoInⅢontoall╴tothepoor andthericl1alike,totbeyoungandtheold.Butthis seeIstobetheverythingson]eofusforget,living andactingasifwearein1n>ortal. Ifwelookcloselyatlife’wecanseehowitiscontinuallycbangingandn]ovingbetweencontacts.I/e willnoticebowitfluctuatesbetweenriseandfall’

successandfailure,gainandloss,bonourandconteIpt,praiseandblanIe.W/eseenIoreclearlyhowour heartswouldrespondtobappinessandsorrow, delig}Itanddespair’satisfactionanddisappointnIent’ hopeandfear. TbeseInightywavesofen]otioncarryusup’butno soonerareweupinthecrestwben,tbeyflingus down.Hardlybavewefoundson]erest,beforeweare sweptupagainbythepowerofanewwave.Howcan weexpecttogaina{ootingontbecrestoftbewaves? I/beresballweerecttbebuildingoflifeinthen]idst o{tbiseverrestlessoceanofexistence,ifnotonthe

islandofequanirnitywbicbwillsbelterusfron]every storn]?Tbisisland•{equaniIitydevelopsinour n]indsafterwebaveundergonenIanydisappointn]ents,andbave{inallyen]ergedn]ucbwiser.Itisan islandwbicbprovidesstabilityandpeaceintbefaceof sickness,separationanddeath

WHYDOWESUFFER>

丑﹥

ThePictureofLife

Evenourp>easureistbebasisofunsatisfactoriness.I{ weareseekingtbeTruth,wen]ustrecognisetbisfact, wbetherweliIKeitornot.Thisn]aybeunpleasantat firstsight,butifwegiveitupbecauseofthatunpleasantness,wewillnotgetveryfarinthesearchfor TruthW／ewillbeblindedby／Ifα）∕α╴illusion. ItIaynotbeeasytoaccepttbisversionofthe worldwbicbseen]sattin]essofair.Andyet,wbenwe lookaround,weseetbatevenintbebeautyofspring, nIanydieandn]anyn]oresufferfron]incurable diseases.W/eexperiencedisappointn]ents,frustrations’n]iseriesandsu{feringinvariousforrns. Gradually,aswegrowinyearsandexperience,this visionofaworldinconstantfluxwidens,ifwearenot

wilfullyblind.LoolKingstilldeeperbeneatbthe surfaceoflife,wecanprofitandlearnfron]tbeevents intbeliveso{peopleweknow.W/esee}Iowevena bappyendingrnayprovetobebutasadbeginning’or howaslightindiscretionorweaknessn]ayruina n]an’swholelife·

Tbere{oreuncertaintyineverytbingiscertain.This understandingcanconsoleourunsatisfiedn]inds· WOγ∕αJo〃叨oγ／αJαγeγo∕／／〃gez／eγ 丹O川deαtZO〃tOαeα﹚∕ L／足et乃e凸〃』WeJO〃αγ∕Z∕eγ

助αγ足∕／〃g’凸〃＄咖g凸oγ〃eα叨叫.

～肋e∕∕宣y～

38HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTPEAR&WORRY

ATibetanBuddhistyogiandpoet,Milarepa,gives thissin1plebutcoIprehensivepictureo{hun]anli{e. ‘YO川加J∕旋eαⅧ川川eγβo叨eγs〃ααe〃0立允αe’α叨甽 O∕ααge／J∕／尼eα￡γe叩γeαα／〃g ⅧⅢg仇乃e戶e／‘／j-川ααe〃〈y’尬αU／o〃乃ee／J. ⅧeB〃α肋αOⅢeJα／α’‘B／肋α〃ααeαt乃

Aγe／／走e川〃γ／seα〃α川川α

No叨Co川e’〃o叨go‧ s／C足〃eJJis／／走eα／／tt∕e凸／γα

WOⅢαeα勿αJ／i〃g. ／Gzo叨）／o〃〃oM﹚eα肋α〃αJtγe〃gt乃 W﹜／∕／〃t加eαe＄eγU／O〃β Deαt川s／／足eααU／o／／山γγzP （Meγ加如tβ／C走eγ） Ⅷ／J叨Oγ／肌J／〃／P2γ川α〃e〃t; ／Vo咖〃g’Zα﹩川γe）／o〃 oJ〃γe川α川〃〃c乃α〃g／〃g‧ Etj／／走αγ川α／,／／走eα叨αre施〃 W／﹚／C／﹚川αtje〃ezjeγ﹩ee〃几叨叩叨αγα’ A﹩／γ∕／﹚‘／川α〃js∕旋eα戶o刖〃o川rγee－ Ib／o〃／eα〃O〃!t﹚）／o〃咖／／／’Z／〃eα凸巳乃α川gγ伽oγJαγe／∕走e介o＄t﹣肋te〃PeαJL／冷e叻o／／t允Ml﹚C）／川川ⅡeU／咖〃g. D乃αγ川αPγαα／seγsαγe雌ePeαsα〃tJC〃／加α咖g U〃αγ川αPγαC川eγsαγeα杞ePeαsα川JC川ⅡDαn〃g川咖亢e∕α￡

川eLα叨㎡肋γ川α／J／伽Sα川sα川’‘叨乃ee∕╴ W／﹚oetjeγ凸γeα走sjt咖∕／s』〈βbγαgγeαt∕o’￡

WHYDOWESUFFER>

Sα川sαγα／J／／足2αPO∕sO〃O川肋Oγ〃 I〃咖β蛐-γ〃Ot卹／∕eαo川’ 川ePO／sO〃咖／／／〃Cγeαseα〃αJPγeαα.

川eCO川／〃g㎡αeαt加J雌e咖‘乃ααO叨 ○fαtγeeαt,〃sα╴ ZtγⅢJ允JM〃α〃O〃eα〃乃α／t／么 W／）e〃t乃αtt加eCO川es,

W／﹚αteZseα〃／﹚e幼凸刎咖Ho0D乃αγ川αβ

ⅧⅢg乃D乃αγ川α／J咖允甽mfⅥαo肌川Ose叨l﹚Oα叻／γetO／tαγe川γe‧ Scoγes㎡川e〃αγetα〃g／eα／〃 Ⅷe川／seγJes㎡sα川sαγα Z加o咖﹩川／朮γt甽e凸Oγ〃’ Ⅷe﹚／stγ／Ue勿尸∕Ⅱαeγα刎t乃c／i允γgα加 Wbe〃）∕0〃αγe＄tγO〃gα〃α乃eα肋）／ Y○Ⅱe’eγ咖〃走㎡’／C尼〃eⅢO加川g’ B刎／㎡esCe〃αs叨劬川ααe〃允γCe L／走eαJ亡γo走e㎡／杪咖〃g. W／﹚e〃加Do／ueα／〃叨oγ／吻咖〃g＄ Y○Ⅱe’eγ咖〃尼㎡αeαt〃M〃γoα叻 Q〃／c走／tCo川eJ／／走α加〃αeγ C川咖〃gγo〃〃α﹚／o〃γ乃eαα‧

S娥〃ess’O／ααgeα〃ααeαtl﹚ BUeγ川2αeαCl﹚Ot乃eγ

AsαO乃α〃巾α〃α川O川乃

Do〕o〃〃ot允αγt乃e咖‘eγ／eJ Y0〃e叩eγ!e〃cM∕〃t乃epαstβ

S川e0﹞Ⅲ叨／∕∕允e／川川卹α加〃川∕朮γt甽esα㎡αC走﹞o〃β

牛○HOWTOLlVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

ⅧeⅧOeJWi／b川CceeαO〃eα〃O咖γ

L／走etl﹚2seα’M〃ce＄＄α〃t叨αUe﹩╴

O〃肋αM’αγe0Pαs＄e叱凸c／bγe Ⅷe〃enO〃etα足es／t叩山Ce‧ U〃t∕∕）／o〃αγe奶eγαtM﹚Pαl〃 A〃α戶∕eα川γeco川eα〃αgoαt川〃αo川 L／足e尸αⅢ汀﹣勿e〃co甽teγMl〃咖stγeα. P∕eα川γesαγePγeαγZO川’ L／走e凸α咖〃g／〃tbe川〃J

乃α川疋〃t’tOO’α5肋eⅢOⅧstOγ川5

W／﹚／叻Co川e叨肋o刎叨αγ川〃g‧ Re川e川凸eγ／〃g叻e＄e咖〃g＄﹚ W／U∕〃ot尸川α加tl﹚eDl﹚αγ川αβ’

～sbγZg3Q∕／↓f／／bJ／印α～

CanW/eSatisfyDesire?

Itisbardlysurprisingthattoday,inourso-called higblyadvancedsociety,donIinatedbygreed,batred, suspicionandfear,anincreasingnunIberofpeople sbouldfeelloneliness,frustration,iealousyand enn]ity,andareunabletoseeanyn1eaninginlife. Youthstodayden]onstratetbisinabilitytoseen]eaninginlifeinvariousways,wbicbrangefronIdelinquencytodrugaddiction· TbeenenIyofn]ankindisselfisbcraving.Tbrougb tbisallevilscon]etolivingbeings.Peoplearealways cravingforpleasures’wealt}Iandproperty.Tbeyare deludedwitbtbeideatbathappinessconsistsoftbe satisfactionoftbeirdesires.Sucbabeliefisparti-

令1

WHYDOWESUFFER>

cularlyprevalentinanIaterialisticsocietysucbas ours.W/biletbe{ulfiln]entofourneedsanddesires, 「

whichcausenoharIntoothers,doesbringsoIeIorIn ofl1appiness,oneshouldnotbeledintotbinkingthat sensualgratificationistheonlysourceofhappiness nordoesitconstitutethehigbestforn1oflIappiness.A personwbosubscribestosuchthinkingwillleadalife ofnon-fulfiln]ent,likechasingafterrainbows· Certaintbingsgiveuspleasure,sowetrytoboldon tothen]andincreasetheirquantity·SoIeotherthings bringdispleasure,sowetrytoavoidorren>ovethen1. Unlesswecanbaven]asteryandcontrolovertbe forcesofdesireandaversion,tbeywilldriveusfrorn oneunbappyexperiencetoanotber.Desireandaversionoperatetogetber:atoneIoIentitisaversionin action,atanotbern]on]entitisdesire.

W/benbungerortbirstarises,therespringsafeeling ofdiscon]fort.Subsequently,desirespringsupto allaythatdiscoI{ort.Allourdesiresarelikethat. Tbeystartfron]son]edisconIfortorafeelingthat son]etbingislacking·Andtbenwesearcb{ortbings thatwetbinkcanfilltbatacbingvoid.Ifwedonotget wbatwewant,t}Ie{eelingo{voidcontinuestoacbe. If,however,wesucceedingettingit,thedesireor bungerbecon]essatisfied,andforatin]e,ceasesto exist.Evenso,tbepleasureofanticipationdisappears, andwe{eelson]e}Iowcbeatedanddisappointed becausewbatweexperienceisneverquitewbatwe expected.Andso,newdesiresandanticipationsare createdTbiscontinualarisingandsearcb{ortbesatis-

牛zHOWT0LlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

factionofdesiresistbebasistbatconstitutesn]undane, hunIanlife.

SonIepeoplespendtbeirw}Iolelifeaccun]ulating n]aterialtl]ings:noaInountofaccun]ulationcann>ake tben]contented.Tbedesireforn]oreandn]oreistbeir

wholelife’sdevotion.W/bent}Iey{ailtogetwbatthey seek,tbeybecon]edisappointed·Butevenaftergettingtbethingstbeybavesodesperatelyworkedfor, theyn]ayturnouttobeiustasdisappointedasbefore. Theobiectoftbeirdrean]sappearstobelesswonderful,lessappealingordesirabletbantbeybadearlier consideredittobe·Bynow,tbeirdesiresandexpectationsbavegoneupbyafewnotcbes,andtheyare notsatisfiedwitbt}Ieirnewacquisitions.Tbeyare constantlyeggedonbythenotiontbatthe‘grassis alwaysgreenerontbeothersideo{tbefence’·People sucbastbesecanneverbe}Iappyorcontented.Infact, then]oretbeybave’thegreatertbeirdesirebecon]es. ItissaidthatnIan’sneeds,sucbasfood’shelterand

clothing,canbesatisfied,butseldon>bisdesires. PIeasureisnotHappiness

Manypeoplebavetben]istakenideatbattheycan solvealltbeirproblen]switbn]oney·I/hilen]oneyis necessaryforonetoleadacoIfortablelifeinrnodern society,itdoesnotalwayssolveone’sproblen]s.Not onIytbat,italsocreatesnewprobleInsaswell.There{ore,itisiIportantforustoputthingsaswellasour livesinproperperspective·W/henwerealisethetrue

WHYDOWESUFFER>

牛3

valueandnatureo{tbingsandreduceourcraving{or sensualgratification,wewillbaven]orepeacearising fronIsin]plicityandcontentnIent. Tosatisfytbeircravingandbatred,peoplecreate problen]s{orthen]selvesandotbers·Nationsgoto war{ortbisreason.Theybopetode{eatotbersand conquertbeir>ands.Battlesandwarswerefougbtand storiesofenorn]oussufferingbavebeenrecorded intheannalsofworldbistory.Buthun]anbeings, entangledinworldliness,wil}notcon]etotbeirsenses soeasily.Tbeysuf{erson]uchn]iseryandfacernany dangers,butyetwillnotwakeuptoreality.Tbeyare liketbecarnelwbicblovestoeatt}Iornybushes.The n]oretbornsiteats,tben]oretbebloodwbicbgushes fron]itsIoutb·Stillitcontinueseatingtbornyplants andwillnotgivetben]up·In{acttheworldlypleasure thatpeopleexperienceislikeeatingahotpotato. TbeBuddhataugbtthatallourn]iseriesarisefron] wantingthewrongsortoftbings:n]oren]oneyforself indulgence,poweroverotberpeople,andcberishing theideao{livingon{orevera{teroneisdead.Tbe desire{orthesetbingsnIakespeoplebecon]ediscontentedwithli{e.Thisisespeciallytbecasewhenthey tbinkonlyabouttbeirowninterest,anddisregard others’wel{are.W/bentheydonotgetwbattbey want,tbeybecoInerestlessanddiscontented.Attbe san]etin]ewbenwegainwhatwewerelongingand prayingforweexperienceunsatisfactorinessordisappointrnentbecauseoftbefearo{losingit· Allourn]entalsu{feringsarecausedbysel{ish

牛令HOWTOLIVEW【THOUTFEAR＆WORRY

desiresforpleasure.Thinkaboutthat·Tbeyare causedbythedesiretobewbatwearenot,tohave wbatwedonothave,andnottohavetbethingswe alreadyhave.Ifwethinkbardandlongaboutit,there isnodenyingtbattbechiefculpritinourinabilityto enioyasenseofhappinessisdesire. V/batisfearbuttbedesiretoavoid;greed,tbe desiretobave;iealousy,tbedesirethatotbersshall notbave;grief,thedesiretoregainson1etbingor son]eone.Allournegativeernotionscanbeworked outinterInsofdesire,tbecbainthatbindsus.Tbe

onlywaytoavoidtbisrestlessnessistoreduceorget ridoft}]edesiretbatcausesit.Tbisn]aybedi{ficultto do,butnotinIpossible.W/benanIanovercon1esrestlessness,bearrivesatastateofcalnInessorcontentn﹞ent。

TheBuddhabassaid:‘Ⅷe／O）／㎡尸／eα﹩〃e加肋e Ⅷoγ／‘／,αMtl﹚Ose㎡乃eαtje〃αγe〃ot叨Oγ肋α＄加ee川乃 Pαγmf咖卹αγ／咖g介o川咖αe﹩〃〃α／o〃㎡（川D／〃g.’ Hereisanothersayingfron]awriterforyouto ponder: ‘sOγrws乃eZM）OsM,〃γαe〃／M﹚eα甽’ A〃α／M〃）∕／肋e叨l﹚ObαJαJt／tαOⅧ〃; W】﹚e〃O川e乃e乃α‘α﹩t〃肋凸〃αe〃’ He咖〃＄ee走tO凸e凸〃γαe〃eα〃O川Oγe’

Suffering,wbichistbepricewepayforourexistence,isbroug}Itaboutbycraving.Asaresultof craving,weperforn]actionswbicbleavein]printsor seedsstoredinournIinds.Laterint}Iislifeoranotber,

WHYDOWESUFFER>

牛5

theseedsofouractionswil}ripenasreactions.In otherwords,selfishcravingcreateskan]nIawhicb

givesrisetoreactions·Ourpastactions,coupledby otberfactors,causetbegoodandbadweexperience today.

ConteIp>ateonYourSelf

Aspeoplegotbrougblife,son]elearntoagegrace{ully andaccun]ulatewisdon]bornfron]experience.Tbey realisethattocraveistobesubjectedton]oresuffer-

ing,andtbecureforsufferingliesnotinappealingto tbegodsforhe>pbutbyfindingsalvationwitbin thenIselves.

However,thepersonwitbaworldlynaturesuf{ers son]uc}]sorrowandaffliction.Inbisyout}],hetries tofillbisdayswithenioynIent.Butbeforeheknows it,tbeyearshavepassedandhehasgrownold.Heis distressedto{indthatwbile}]isbodybasbecon]eunfit asaninstrun]ent{orpleasure,}]isheartisstillyouthful initscraving·T}Iesearetbepeoplewbosecraving growswithtlIeirage:tbeoldert}Ieygrow,tbestronger theircravingbecon]es·T}]isbeingtbecase,tbeir sufferingwillcorrespondinglybegreater· Onereasonforfailingtocontrolcravingisthepride inn]an.Underthefalsesenseo{pride,peoplego aboutcoIn]ittingevildeedsandrefusetorecognise tbeobvious.Byt}Iesan]etoken,wes}Iouldavoid n]aintainingprideinyoutbwbilestillyoung,pridein healtbwbilestillhealtby,andprideinli{ewbilestill }ivingagoodlife·

牛6HOwTOLⅣEWl丁HOUTPEAR＆WORRY

Son]epeopIe,witboutconsideringtheirrealpositions,tbinktbattheyarebigherthanallothers.Tbey areso{ulloftben]selvestbattheydevelopagrandiose opinionofthernselves·Tbiscanbedangerousbecause ‘PrideaIwaysgoesbe{orea{alI’· ••

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ⅧePγⅡα凸eα／ei〃α此j叩㎡co叨咖〃g.Thereonce wasabeetlewbichcan]euponaIun]pofcowdung.He workedbin]sel{intoitandliMngwbatbesaw,be invitedhisfriendstoioinbin]inbuiIdingacityinit. A{terworking{everishly{ora{ewdaystbeybuilta n]agnificent‘city,inthedungand{eeIingveryproud o{tbeirachieven]enttheydecidedtoelectthe{irst beetleastbeirking·Nowtobonourtbeirnew‘king, tbeyorganisedagrandparadetbrougbtbeir‘city,. V/bilethesein]pressiveproceedingsweretakingplace, aneIephanthappenedtopassbyandseeingthelun]p o{cowdungbeli{tedbis{oottoavoidsteppingonit. Tl﹞ekingbeetlesawtbeelep肚antandangriIysbouted attbehugebeast.‘Heyyou!Don,tyouhaveany respect{orroyalty>Don,tyouknowitisrudetoIift yourIegovernIn>aiestic}lead?Apologiseatonceor I’llbaveyoupunished·’TbeeIepbantlookeddown andsaid,‘YourIostgraciousn]a>esty,IbuIbly craveyourpardon.’Tbussayinghekneltdownontbe lun]po{cowdungandcrusbedMng,city,citizensand prideinoneacto{obeisance. ••

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WHYDOWESUFFER>

斗﹥

TbeBuddba,overcan>etbeset}Ireekindsofpride

whenbesawtbefoursig}lts·W/benhesawtheold Ian,tbeprideinyouthle{thinI.V/ben}Iesawthe sickIan,tbeprideinbealtbleftbin].V/benbesaw t}]edeadn]an,tbeprideinli{eleftbin].Ifweren]ove tbesetbreetypesofpridefron]ourn]inds,wewillnot besboclKedanddistressedwbenweencounterthese

states·ItisusefultoconteIplate:

●Iα川／／α凸∕etoo∕ααgej川αzje〃oto刎stγ柳eαo∕α αge.

●／α川∕／α凸／eto咖eα＄e〕I乃αⅢ〃OtO川Jtγ柳eα α』seα5e.

●／α川∕／α凸∕etoαeαt乃f／乃αtje〃otⅢ㎡γ柳eα αeαt乃‧

●A川o〃gα∕∕t乃αt／J〃eαγα〃ααeαγto川e’肋eγe／J c乃α〃geα凸∕∕／U／α〃α5甲αγαno〃‧ ●Iα川咖γe川／mf川o叨〃αeM﹜劬αteⅢγαeMI αO’叨乃α乃eγgOOαOγ凸ααIs乃α／川eCO川e∕t叻αγ. Itisa{actofn]odernsocietytbatyoutb{ulnessis regardedasn]ostdesirable,wbilegrowingoldistobe avoidedatallcosts·Thuswewillgotoanyextentto appearyoungevenwbentbebodyisgivingintoold age·W/eevenlieaboutourage· ●佞

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Age㎡α）oⅦg血叼.Afiln﹞starwasoncebrougbtup be{orean]agistrate{ordrunkendrivingands}Iewas

牛8HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

askedhowoldsbewas,sbereplied,‘J0years. Afewyearslater,tbesan>efiln1starappearedin courtfortbesin1ilaroffenceandtl1istiIealsosbe

gaveherageas‘]0years.’Nowsbewasappearing beforethesaIeIagistratewhoren]en]beredber. ‘Howisthat?’beden]anded‘fiveyearsagoyousaid youwereJ0yearsoldandnowyousayyouarestill ]0.’Nottobeoutdone,thefadingforn]eractress flutteredberfalseeyelashesandexplained,‘Your honour,Ibavebeentoldn]anytiInesnevertocbange nIytestin]onyinacourtoflaw.ItoldyouonceIwas J0andIwillneverchangen]yword.’ ••P•

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Poralln]enandwon>enwishingtolivehappily andn]aketbebestoftbeirliveswit}]outbavingtolie liketbefilInstarabove)sel{-knowledgeisthen>ost essentialfactor·Tbe{irststeptoknoWtbenature o{t}]en>indistocontrolitthroughsysten]aticn]ental developn1entorn]editation.Mentalcultureisproductiveofinsightwbichcanlightupaperson,slife.Like atorcb,itbrigbtenstbewindingpathinlifeand enablesbin>tosortouttbegoodfron]t}]ebad’tbe rigbt{rorntbewrongandrealisetbeclearlighto{ insigbtandbewillsoongetintotbecorrectpath Thereforen1editationistocleanset}IenIind.

W/benwen>editate,weshouldcheckagainstballu-

cinations,especiallyaboutourspiritualattainn]ent. Suchin]aginationscanappeareventoexperienced n]editatorsi{tbeyarenotcare{ul·

WHYDOWESUFFER>

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A川e㎡tαtoγ巷／肋sio〃‧Oncean﹞onkbaddeveloped bisn]editationtoa}]igbstateofn]entalabsorption O乃甽α）’HewasabletoproiectbisⅢentalcreationsas concretein]agest}]atot}]erpeoplecouldsee.Because oftbis,hethougbttbathebadattainedtbestateof Perfection,anAra}Ianta(Saintbood). Hebadapupilwbopractisedn]editationtoa}]igber degreeandbecan1eanarahant·W/benbeattainedthis state,berealisedtbatbisteacberwasunablet•

developfurtberbecauseofconceit.Buttbeproblen] wasbowton]akebisteacberrealisetbisfact.

Oneday}Iecan]etobisteacberandaskedhin]ifbe wasanarabanta·‘O{course,Ian],,saidtheteac}Ier,

‘andtoproveit.Icancreateanytbingyouwantwith n>yn]ind·’ ‘Createabigelepbant,’saidtbepupil.Abig elePbantappearedinfrontoft｝leⅢ‘NowⅢakehiⅢ cbargeatyou.’saidtbepupil.Thernastern]adethe elepbantcbargeatbin].>ustastbeelepbantstarted cbarging,tbeteacbergotup{ron]bisseatandtriedto run·

‘W/ait.Ifyouareanarabanta,,saidtbepupil,‘You sbouldbavenofear,wbythendidyougetuptorun?’ Thenonlydidtbeteacberrealisetbat}Iebadnot attainedara}Iantabood. ‧p■』夕』≡』夕』夕』夕 0﹑0℃0﹑0﹑0﹑0℃

Ourpbysicalbodylastslessthanacenturyattbe rnostandundergoescbanges{ron]n]on]entto

5•HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

n]on1ent.Ouren]otionsarebutastrean]offeelings andin1ages;ourIindsbutastreaIoft}1oug}1ts.Our

c}Iaracterscbangewit}Itheyears.W/it}]int}]iscon]plex interactionofrnindandbody,tbereisnopern]anent substancewbicbcanberegardedasanuncbanging sel{.

Assun]ethereisapitabout>0•feetdeepandwe putburningcbarcoalatthebottoIn·Aftertbatwe loweraladderintoitandaskson1epeopletogodown onebyone.Tbosewhostarttogodowndonotcon]plainabouttbebeatuntiltheygodowntoadeptbo{ 〕0to10feet‧After午0to50feet,theyfeelacertain an﹞ountofheat.W／｝Ient｝﹞eygofurtberdownto亥0or 80feetandreacbnearertotheburningc}Iarcoal,they experiencetbesensationofburning.Inthesan>e n]anner,youngpeopledonotexperiencesuffering althoug}ItbeBuddhasayslifeissuf{ering.Butthis isagoodanalogytoexplaint}Mtaswegainn]ore experienceweseetbetruthaboutsufferingn]ore clearly· Adn1ittedly,forconvenienceinourdailylives,we stilltalkinconventionaltern]sandusewordslike

n]yself’or‘yoursel{’.Itislikesayingtbatthesunis rising,altbougbweallknowthatinactualityitistbe eartbthatrevolvesonitsaxisandgoesroundtbesun.

令 MINTALABUSIAND M正NTALH晅ALTH

It川α﹞〃o肋etooα哪C〃／㎡oαogoo‘／／／加川oγM掀c〃∕tto凸egooα.B〃㎡o川α川tα川αgooα川e〃tα／α㎡加αe 〃αtoαOJO川eJeγ叨CetOo咖γM〃肋MJCe㎡αCC川α﹣ 血O川﹚Cγ川αJ川甽αO伽γ〃α!O川叮川oJtα哪C〃／t㎡

α／／.

T!:n哪刪i;刪守』黑刪刪辨: hun]anraceisn]adeupo{notonIybody,butalso

n〕ind.晅quippedwitban﹞ind,Mann﹞ustbecapableo｛ tbinkingsincetbisistbespecific{unctiono{then]ind. Itisthrougbthemind,notthebody,that}]un]an vaIuescanbeunderstood,appreciatedandfollowed.

52HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

I{apersondoesnotuse}Iisn]indtotbinkrationallyas weIlasbunIanelybeisnotworthyofbe>ongingtotbe bunMnrace·

Youarebornintothisworldtodosornegood,not topassyourdaysinidlenessandbecon]eaburdento society.Alwaystbinkofrisingbigberingoodnessand wisdon].Otherwiseyouabusetheprivilegeo{tbis }]ighstationattainedtbrougbyourn]erits· Ofalltbeinfinitenun]bero{beingsintbeuniverse, tbebun]anbeing}Iasclin]bedtbe}]igbestint}]eupbill struggletowardsthesun]n]ito{perfectexistence.W/e areneartbesun]Init,andinonelaportwo,wenIay reacbit.Butevenifwecannotn]akeittotbelastlap andreachtbetopintbislife’wecanneverthelessstill travelonadirect,secureroutetbatcouldbringusto thesun]rnitwithouttheriskof{allingbacktolower {orn]soflife.Tbelastlapisdifficultbutwitbdetern]inationwecanensuretbatwereacbastagewbere tberewillbenon]oreturningback Ourn]osturgenttask,tbere{ore,istoensuretbat wedonotfallbelowourpresentplaneo{existence. Portbispurpose,wen]usttrytounderstandtheprocesso{}ifeandrea>izetbateacboneo{usisattbebelnI

o{ourrespectivecareers·W/eInuststeerourlivesclear o{t}]elowerforn]sofexistence,bykeepingtot}]en]ap o{DhaInIa.

LifeintheModernWbr>d

Howdoeslifeseen]ton]anypeople?Atread-Ii>l.

MENTALABUSEANDMENTALHEALTH

Poraquarterofacentury,theyworktoacquiretbe n]eansoflivelilIood;foranotberquartertbeystruggIe an1idstperpetualanxietiestoaccun]ulatesornewealtb andproperty;andint}Ienextquarter,theyprogress towardsdeathwithoutevenknowingexactlywby tbeyhadlivedatall. Manypeoplearesopreoccupiedwitbtbebusiness ofearningalivingtbattl]eybavenotin]etolive.Tbey trytokeepuptbeirexternalappearancesbutneglect tbeirinternaldevelopn]ent.Blindedbytheirsenses, tbeyn]istaket}]efalsefort}]ereal.Theyworld]ardevenfigbt,toothandclaw-forwealtb,powerand position,tbinkingthattbeycanbe‘successful’i{they acbievetbeserewardsoflife.Here,onewritertriesto

tellushowwespendourlives: ‘We∕／Ueα〃α叨Oγ尼α〃ααγeα川’ EαC乃乃αs伽／∕㎡／eJCl﹚e川e,

sO川α／川esⅧeLJ〃g乃’ sO川α∕川e＄叨eCγ）／, A〃αt乃川肋e‘／∕ⅣJgO勿.’

Oneo{tbegreatestn]aladiesfacingtben]odern worldistoon]ucbaction.Action,Ioreaction,and

stilln]oreactionpunctuatetbeli{eofn]an{ron]t}]e cradletot}Iegrave.SeldonIcanbespendevenfive nIinutesinsilencetorelax.

Todayn]ancantravelattwicetbespeedofsoundin supersoniciets·Onland,becantravelatanincredible speedint}]eso-called‘bullettrain’,andskin]overtbe

5斗HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

oceansurfaceinahovercra{t.Inalltbesespberesof bun]anactivities,thetrendistodoIoreinas}Iorter

periodoftin]e.Herusbesbereandtbereasn]odern livingn>akesgreatden]andsonbin].Hesnatcbesa hasty『nealanddasbeso｛fagaintoiointbedailyrat race.Heleapsintobed,tossesandturns{orbalftbe nigbt.Justasbeisdroppingof{tosleep,tbealarIn clockgoesandbeisuponceagaintobeginyetanot}Ier day·Portoolong,n]odernn]anbasabusedhisbody andn]indHun]annervesiustcannotwitbstandtbe paceatwbicbbelivestoday.So,itwillonlybea n]attero{tin1ebeforetheygiveway.Naturenever hurries;neitbers}IouIdwe.

ModernIanissobusyin}]isworkingbourstbat}]e son]etiInestalksandevenwalksinhissleep.T}Iis rapidpaceinn]odernrnan,slifeisliketbeconstant roaroftheIacbines}]einventedTbe{ritteringaway o{hisnervousenergiesandthedissipationofrnental resourcesweakenbotbbisrnindandbody· Heseen]stobeenn]es}]edinallkindsofideas,

viewsandideologies’bothinterestingaswellas {oolishHeisgreatlyin{luencedbytbeInass-n]edia, liketelevision,cineIa,newspapersandnIagazines, wbichsbapehiswayo{thinking,desiresandlifestyle· Hun]ansexualityisexpIoitedtotbebiltintheIedia topersuadebin]tobuy,eventhethingshedoesnot need.Music,danceandother{orn]sofentertainn]ent

wbichwereintroducedforhisrelaxationbavetoday becon]elikedrugs,creatingIoreexciternentandrestlessnessinbisn]indandarousingbisaninIalnature.In

MENTALABUSEANDMENTALHEALTH

tbeend,bebecon>escon{usedandturnsawayfron] tbepatbo{rectitudeandunderstandingto{ollowtl]e easierpatbo{overindulgenceandsensuality. LifeaSaBatt>efie>d

Theworlditsel{isavastbattle{ield.Everywberetbere

isfigbting,violenceandbloodsbed.Existenceis characterisedbyconstantstruggle:n>oleculesagainst nIolecules,aton]sagainstaton]s,electronsagainst electrons,Inenagainstn]en,won]enagainstwon]en, n]enagainstanin]als,anin]alsagainstn]en,spirits agalnstInen,Inenagalnstsplrlts,Ienagalnstnature

andnatureagainstnIen.I/itbinone,sphysicalbody, tbereisconstant{luxandstruggle. >ustliketbeworld,tben]inditsel{isagreatfieldin wbicbn]anybattlesarefougbt.Everylittleincident disturbstbebalanceoftbernind路Then]indbecon]es

exceedinglybappywhenasonisborn路Attbenext n]oI]ent,itbecon]esunbappywhentbeboy{allssick, n]eetswithanaccidentorisstruckwitbanincurable disease.TbeIind{luctuatesbetweenthetwoextrenIes

o{bappinessandsorrowbecauseitisnottrainedto seetbetruenatureoflife.Portbatreason,tbeordi-

naryn]anwillalwaysexperiencesuffering,fear, uncertaintyandverylittleeIotionalsatis{actionin tbisworldo{constant{lux.Butwhenapersonbas trainedhisn]indwitbn]editationandseestbenature

o{tbingsastheyreallyare,bisn]indisnolonger attachedtonortieddownbytheworld.Asaresult,

56HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

hefreeshin]selffron]sufferingandtbeiIperfections o{tbeworld.

Lifeisaneternalbattlefoughtalongtwofronts:one outward,tbeotberinward.Tbeouterlineisintellec-

tualisrnandrationality·I{t}Iestrengtboftbefirst {rontisexbausted,rnanwithdrawsintotbesecond

fronto{hisinnerfeeIingsandthoughtsandseeksto figbtfron]t}Iereanew.W/}Ientbesecondfrontislost aswell,bewitMrawsintohin]selftonurse}]is

woundsforaw}]ile,onlytoen]ergeagainandfigbt onanotherday.However,whenheiscon]pletely sbatteredandwithdrawsintohin]self,livingonbis anger,frustration’desiresandfantasiesforalong periodoftin]e’}]issanitybecon]esaf{ected. Anuncontrolledn]indisdon]inatedbytbeunwholeson]ethoughtso{selfishness,greedandattacbn]enttoworldly{an]e’gainsandpossessions·Iftbese tendenciesarenotchecked,then]indwillturninto

adevil’sworkshop,c}Ianging}]un]anbeingsinto n]onsterswboarepreparedtokillanddestroywhoeverandwbateverisintheirway· Porthesakeo{n]aterialgainandcon]{ort,n]odern n]andoesnotlistentotbevoiceo{nature.Hewants

toon]ucboutofli{e,andbecauseo{tbatbe‘cracks

up’.Heisn]adetobelievethat‘success’n]eansbeing abIetodoeverythingandbe‘tbebest’inalltbeseactivities·O{course,thisisphysicallyin]possible.His n]entalactivitiesaresopreoccupiedwithhisfuture happinessthathenegIectstbeneedsofhisphysicaI bodyandignoresthein]portanceo{thepresent

MENTALABUSEANDMENTALHEALTH

5了

nIon]entforwbatitisworthThisinabilitytogetour prioritiesrightisoneoft}]en]aincauseso{allour frustration,anxiety,fearandinsecurity. So,whatistheresultofallthis?Theseanxietiesand stressn]anifesttbenIselvesasn]entalailnIentsand

disturbances,collectivelyknownas‘en]otionalkillers’.T}]esenegativeen]otionsoffear,worry,insecurity’]ealousy,andsoon,notonlycausesufferingto thepersonconcerned,butalsototbosearoundhin]. Inn>anydevelopedcountriesitbasbeenfoundtbat abouttwooutofeverytenpersonsaresufferingfrorn insanityorareinneedofpsychiatrictreatn]entforone kindofneurosisoranother.Moreandrnorebospitals andinstitutionsfortben]entallysicksufferingfron] variousforInsofneurosesarebeingbuilt.Tbereare n]anyn1orewbodonotreceiveanytreatn>ent,butare badlyinneedofhelp.TberiseintbecriIninaleleInent, wbicbissoIetiIesequatedtornentalaffliction

witbintbesesocieties,basreacbedalarn1ingproportions.Oneoftbe{ar-reacbingresultsarisingfrorntlIe researcbofPreudistberecognitionthat尸eOP∕e叨／﹚o αγeco叨p〃／s／Ued加／〃α／sα〃ααe／／〃α〃e〃t川γe川e〃tα∕b ﹩／C走’叨乃oαγe川oγe／〃〃eeα㎡Ⅶαe汀tα〃α加gα〃αtγeα亡﹣

川e加t乃α〃coγγeα川e卹〃M﹚川e〃t.T｝Iisattitudetotbe problen>liesinthebasisofallprogressivesocial re{orn]andopensuptbeway{orrebabilitationrather thanrevengeandretribution·

TberearecertaincoInnIonn]et}IodologiesortecbniquesinnIentaltherapytotreatpeoplewboare Ientallyunbalanced·Initially,theainIistobringto

58HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

thesurfacetben]entalstatesthathavelongbeen buried.Tbepsycbiatristencouragesbispatientsto talkandrevealtbosecarefullycan]ou{lagedthoughts tbatbavelongbeenhiddenevenfron]tbepatienthiIself.Thepsychiatristdeliberatelyre{rainsfron>telling thepatientwhattodo,buttriestobringbirntotbat stateo{Inentalawarenesswberehecanseeforbin]sel{

bisownn]istakenattitudesofnIind.Tbus,intbisway

askiIledpsychiatristatten]ptstorevealtbesecretfor everypatientthecreatorofhisillness,whicbinevery instanceisnoneot}]ertbanthepatienthin]self.This unInaskinggivestbepatientaninsigbtintotbebidden natureo{hisproblen]aswellashowitcouldbeovercon]e·

ThisapproachissirnilartotbeBuddha,s‘Do/t Yo〃Je〃’n﹞etbod’wbichaiⅢsatⅢakingusrealisetbe truenatureo{life,o{ourselvesando{ourproblen]s. By{ollowingtbisgradualn]ethod,wewillcon]eto recognisetbatthegreatprobleInsinthisworldare causedbyourowncravingandignorance.Attbe san]etin]e,wewillalsopractisethewayo{reducing ourn>entalde{ilen]entsanderadicatingtherooto{our probleIns,tberebyenablingustoexperiencespiritual growtbanden]ergecon]pletelyIiberatedfrornworldly conditioningandsuf{ering· TowardsMentalHea>tb

Tbedestructiven]ental{orcesandeIotionsrnustbe

cbeckedandreducedtoarnanageablelevel.Inthis

MENTALABUSEANDMENTALHEALTH

context,relaxationisanecessity,notaluxury.I/e sbouldreduceorcurtailal}unnecessaryactivities,rise earlytohavenIoretin]etodressandtalktotbe{an]ily, andIakeababitofspendingsoIetin1ealonetobe

engagedinson]eusefulactivitieslikereading,conten]plationandforpbysicalandn>entalreIaxation. Allo{n]an’sillsdependonbowwellbeatten]ptsto crossli{e,scurrents·Non]ancancrosstheoceanina

sailingboatbyde{yingtbewinds;instead,hen]ust adiustbissailstothewinds.Tbecurrentso{lifeare alwaysstrean]inginonedirectioILTbeywillnever changetbecourseoftbeirflow,iustasthesundoes notchangeitsdirection.Mann]ustadaptbin]sel{to tbisflowo{li{eto{indcon]pletebarrnonywitbinbin]seI｛andwitbbisenvironn﹞ent。

Obeytbeeternallawo{tbeuniverse(Dban]n]a), taugbtbytheBuddMHewbokeepstbislawlives bappilyinthisworldandintbenext.Itistbedutyo{ everybun]anbeingtousebisrnindintbecorrectway. T}]ehuInann]indsbou}dbecbannelledtowardscreat-

inga]ust,equitableandpeace{u}world.I{tben]indis allowedtoroan]atrandon],itwillbecon]eundisci-

pIined,distortedanddepraved.Mosto{tbesu{{ering intbeworldiscausedbyunruIy,distortedordepravedn]inds.Tben]anwboisnotatpeacewith bin]sel{cannotbeatpeacewitbotbers. Hatredisanunbealtbyattitudewbichincreases n]oredarknessandwhicbobstructsrigbtunderstanding.Hatredrestricts;lovereleases.Hatred strangles;Ioveen{rancbises.HatredbringsrenIorse;

6•HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

Iovebringspeace.Hatredagitates;lovequietens,stills, caln]s.Hatreddivides;loveunites.Hatredbardens;

lovesoftens.Hatredbinders;lovehelps.Byrealising thevalueoflove,onen]usteradicatebatred.

Mankindpraysforpeace,buttberecanbenopeace int}]eworlduntiltbeconflictswithinnIanbin]selfare

resolved.PortbistobeacconIplished,tbereisan urgentneedtotrainthen]indOnen]ayask,‘How

canwedoit?’W/biletbisisalogicalquestion,n]ore inIportantistbequestion,‘Dowewanttodoit?’If t}1eanswerisaclear‘Yes’,accornpaniedbycon1n]itn]ent,onecancertainlydeveloptbeskilltotrainone’s n]ind·

TbeBasicLawofTbeMind:-

As﹚∕O〃＄ee╴sO）／O〃凡e／ A5）／O〃凡e／－sO）／O〃Ⅷ／〃走 AD／o〃Ⅷ／〃尼－so）∕o〃W﹜〃 As）／O〃W﹜／／－＄O）／O〃Aα

PARTII HOW／TOOVERCOM正 W/ORRYNOW

5 CONTROLINGANGER

A〃α〃gγ）／川α〃oPe川肋川o川乃α〃αc／ose5舢O／eJ.

A黜腳鰓酣監幢﹦喧慨刪黜

wbowas{aithfulanddiligent.Oneday,outofcuriosity,then]aiddecidedtotesthern]istressto{indout ifsbewasbonestlygoodbynatureorifitwasn>erely apretenceputonfortbesakeofappearanceinher fortunatehigbsocietysurroundings. Tbefollowingn]orning,tben]aidgotupfron]ber bedquitelateataroundn]id-dayandtben]istress cbidedberforbeinglate.Tbe{ollowingdaytoo,tbe Iaidrepeatedberlaterising·Tben]istress,inrage

6午HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

abusedt}]en]aidandstruckberwithastickthus

burting}Ier.Newsoftbisincidentspreadaroundtbe neigbbourboodandtbericbwidowlostnotonly herreputationbutalsoafaitbfulservant. Sin]ilarlyintbisn]odernsociety,peoplearekind andn]odestw}Ientbeirsurroundingconditionsare goodandsatisfactory.V/henconditionscbangeand becon]eunfavourable,tbeybecon]eirritableand

angry‧Ren〕en﹞bertbesaying‘W／﹚e〃ot乃e汀αγegooα, 叨eα〃α儿o凸egooα.W／﹚e〃o咖汀αγe刎／M加eαⅣ允γ 川to凸eco川eeD／／‧’Angerisanuglyanddestructive eIotion.Allbun]anbeingsaresubiecttoanger inoneforrnoranotberintheirdailylives.ItisanegativeeIotionwbicbisdorn]antwitlIinus,awaitingto

{lareupandtakecontroloverourliveswbentbe occasionarises.

Angercanbelikenedtoaflashofligbtwhicbblinds usten]porarilyandcausesustoactunreasonably. UncontrolledangercancauseusagreatdealofbarnI bothpbysicallyandernotionally.LikeanyotlIer bun]anen]otion,angercanbebroug}Itundercontrol. TheDangerofAnger Certaincreaturesbynatureareunabletoseeduring daytin]e,wbilesonIeotbersareblindatnight.A bun]anbeingdriventogreatheigbtsofhatredand bitternessisblindtoanytbingintbetruesense,either bydayorbynigbt.Thereisasaying,‘A〃α〃gU／川α〃叩e川伽川O刎bα〃αC／Ose＄肱e﹚／e＄‧ ]

CONTROLLlNGANGER

Itissaid,thatanangrynIantransfersthee{fectsof bisangertobin]selfw}]enberegainsbisreasoning. >ustasthen]oncystoredinthcbankwillreapadividend,sowilltbeangerstoredinthen1indreaptbe returnsofbitterness.

W/bon]orwbatdowefightwithwbenweare angry?W/efigbtwitbourselves,andbecoIe,asit were,ourworstenen]y.W/en]usttrytoeradicate totally,thisdangerousenen1ylatentinourn]indswitb aproperunderstandingofthesituation· Angergrowsstrongerwbenfueledbyen1otion, especiallywbencravingisbebindthaternotion.Attbe Inon]entofintenseanger’apersonceasestobe bunIan:hebeconIesadangerousanin]alcapableof destroyingnotonlyothers,butalsohirnself.Anger cancosthin]bisreputation,iob,friends,lovedones, peaceofn]ind,bealtbandevenhisveryownself. TbeBuddbaspokeabouttbewretchednessofanger andsaidthatwhenapersonisangry,seventhings befallhin]tbatwouldbelpthecauseofbisenen1ies andIakethen]re)oicc.Wbataretbeseven? ●He咖／川e〃g』Me叻／te凸e／〃g叨e／∕-gγoo川M〃α 叨e∕／-αγeJseα.

●He叨／／∕／／e／〃Pα∕〃’Ⅲ〃紕es／e叩﹩o〃αJ雊〃α Co〃／／bγtα凸／eco〃叻. ●He叨／／／αo咖〃gs叨乃汕g如eγ亦eto伽凸αγ川α〃α s咐bγ／〃g勿川／Jtα足／〃g凸αα允γgooαα〃αgooα允γ 凸αα’印凸e／〃gγe吮／Ⅲα〃α〃ot／／Jte〃／〃gtoγeα’o肌

66HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

●He恤∕∕∕O5e乃／5乃αγα-eαγ〃eα叨eα∕tl﹚α〃αeZ∕e〃川〃／〃rOtγO叻／e叨／t乃肋e／bJ叨‧

●〃e咖∕∕／OJe肋γCP川甽O〃α〃‘M‘川etM﹚／C乃乃αtje 凸ee〃αC甽／γeα勿α／／／ge〃Ce. ●H／J廾／e〃αJ’γe伽／UeJα〃α走／〃咖／∕αtjo／α乃／川α〃α s叫α叨叫介O川乃／Ⅲ ●Meγαeα肋乃e叨／∕川eγe凸Oγ〃／〃α〃〃晌DO〃α凸／e ‘刎e㎡eX／JteⅢe’咖ce〃eγso〃劬O／sco〃tγO／／eα 凸）α〃geγPe吮γ川J〃zM﹚o∕eso川eαα﹜o川叻γo〃g乃凸o勿﹚叩eec乃α〃α川／〃α刎／CⅡγi〃g〃岫tjo〃α凸／e γe川∕ts.

～A∕zgαt／α〃J／V／紉）／α～ ,

Tbeseaboven]isfortunesaretbosewhicbones

eneIywouldliketowishforone.Buttbesearetbe veryrnisfortunestbatbefallapersonwboisovercon]ebyanger. Contro>lingAnger

AgoodwaytocontrolangeristoactasiftbeundesirablethougbtsdonotexistinournIindByusing ourwill-power,wefocusournIindsonson]etbing wholeson]eandtbussubduenegativeernotions.Itis noteasytoreactpeacefullytoson1eonewboinsults us.Alt}]ougbthephysicalbodyisnotbarn]ed,theego feelsbun]iliated,tberebyInakingapersonfeellike bittingbackItisnotsoeasytoreciprocateinsults witbcourtesyandrespect.Buttbetestofcbaracteris bowwedealwitbtryingsituationstbatconfrontusin

CONTR0LLlNGANGH{

ourdailylives.ItseeIns,even{roInourcbildbood,we liketotakerevenge{orourownsatisfaction·

《〃eα凸川eα川e’乃e凸eαt川e’／﹚eαc／bαtM川e’乃e γOⅡeα川e.／〃阮川叨乃0乃αγ凸O〃γJ川C乃t乃O〃g仇J

乃αtγeα咖／／〃OtCeαJe.

～刀）eBαC此汲﹚α～

Darknesscannotbedispelledbydarknessbutbv brightness.IntbesanIewaybatredcannotbeovercoIebybatredbutbylovingkindness. Son]epersonsarelikeletterscarvedonarock;tbey easilygivewaytoangerandretaintbeirangry thougbtsforalongtiIe·Son>en]enarelikeletters writteninsand;theygivewaytoangeralso’buttbe angrythoug}]tsquicklypassaway.Son]eInenarelike Ietterswritteninthewater;tbeydonotretaintbeir passingtboughts,buttheperfectonesarelike}etters writtenintbewind;tbeyletabuseanduncon]{ortable gossippassbyunnoticed.Tbeirn]indsareaIwayspure andundisturbed.

Evenifwefeelangryatiniusticedonetootbers’we sbouldcontainourangerbecauscwearenotina positiontoarriveatacorrectcourseo{actionina

disturbedstateo{n]ind.Wbenweareangry,weI]ust beawareo{ourownanger.Observetbeangerasa n1entalstate,witboutdirectingittotheobiecttbat causestbeanger.V/en]usttrainourselvestoobserve andanalyseouren]otionswhenweareangry.Byconstant}ypractisingsel{-analysiso{ourn]oods,wewilI

68HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

gaingreaterconfidenceinbeingabletocontrolourselvesandwillnotactfoolisblyorirrationally.The Buddba’sadviceis:

Gooα／＄γeJtγα咖i〃αeeα／gooα／Sγe卯川川t川叩eeC／﹚j gooα／sγe＄t川加㎡〃川／〃αJgooα／＄γe﹩t川Ⅲtz〃eDeU∕咖〃g‧乃e〃o凸／e川α〃P川αzseSγeSt川／〃tα／／尸o!加MJ βeeαβO加soγγoⅧ

Notallpeopleadopttbesan]estrategytocontrol t}Ieiranger.Oneeffectivewayistoen]ploytbe‘tirnedelay,n]ethod.TboIasJeffersonsurnn]eduptbis approacbwbenbesaid,‘W／﹚e〃α〃gU／’co〃加to亡e〃凸C／bγe﹞Ⅲ叩eα走〃tj甽〃g肌Co甽ttoαl﹚〃αγM.’ Arecipetodevelopbettercontrolofourten]peris torepeattbeseideasn]entallyseveraltin]esadayto ourselves.

7α〃co〃tγo∕叨）／α〃geγ’ Iα〃Ⅷ凸α〃e／γγ／tα州／U∕﹚ I叨／／∕足eePCoo∕α〃α凸e川γ』〃eα’ I叨／／川e〃川oueα勿α〃geγαsαγoc足’ Iα泖Co川αgeo川α〃α允／／㎡乃o戶e.’

Byrepeatingtbeselines,wecanstrengtbenour n]indstogainconfidenceandn]entalcaln]ness·W/ben facedwitbthetbougbtlessactionsofpeople,wecan alsokeepinn]indwbattbeBuddhataugbt: ‘Zfα川α〃／bo／劬!Moes川eujγo〃g’／叨／／／γα〃〃to 阮川t乃ePγOteα﹜O〃㎡川w峨〃／te／oDejtl﹚e川oγeezj』∕

CONTROLLINGANGER

co川e＄βo川l﹚／川’咖川oγegooαJ／﹚α〃go介o川川eJ咖加g川〃Ce㎡gooα〃郎α／叨Z）／’Co川e＄亡o川e’α〃α乃e gα／川o〃0M,ααγ叩川α㎡o〃.’ ‘Awickedrnanwboreproachesavirtuousoneis likeapersonwbolooksupandspitsatheaven;the

spittlesoilsnottbebeaven,butconIesbaclKanddefiles hisownperson.TbeslandererislikeonewboHings dustatanotherwbentbewindiscontrary;tbedust returnsonbin]wbotbrewit.TbevirtuousInancan-

notbeburt;then]iserycon]esbackontheslanderer., •<

■≒▲■

••

●≒▲■

﹑夕

0﹃D

••

D≒＝■

■∞

0﹃D

■■∞●■

••

刪SePe川ⅢS〃仞eγ叻α仳叫e允O肱乃ⅢeS.Awildboar oncedecidedtobecornetbekingoftbeiungle.Sobe gotupfron]thedungbeapwhere}]ewasrestingand wenttotbelion,tbelKingofbeastsandcballengedhin] toafight.Ofcoursetbelioniustturnedbisnoseattbe sn1ellycreature,ignoringhirnandwalkedaway witboutevenbotberingtoreply.Tbisstoryillustrates tbatwbenwisebeingsarecballengedbythosewho bavealowIentality’tbenobleonessbouldnotwaste tbeirtin>eontben]. ■0◇『﹄p■『●F■p

■『■「■『■『佞r■『

TbeBudd}IabasalsogivensoIneadviceforcontrollinganger.Tbisadviceiffollowed,growsineffectivenesstben]oreitispractised: ●印 γeco／∕eα∕〃g叻eααu／ce㎡t乃eB〃α肋α叨乃o

>•HOWTOLIVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

叻o走eα凸o〃tt凸Mα〃geγ㎡α〃geγ〃α亡乃ePγo凸／e川s deαtM勿乃αγ凸o〃／〃gt乃eseⅦⅧl﹚o／eso川e t乃o〃g乃tJ. ●印γeα／∕／〃gJo川e㎡咖gooα叼肌／／r／eS㎡t乃e 乃αteαPe汀o〃.W／﹚e〃）／o〃α／﹩γegαγα／﹚M,αα叻α川CteγZⅥααsα伽川α〃叨eα走〃es5’α〃α＄tαγt咖〃庖〃g ㎡肋〃α伽eSα〃α咖gooα咖〃gⅧe／﹚ααPeγ﹣ 允γ川eα’咖〃咖α〃geγ川〃s哦e〃α刎g／tje叨叫 to∕oz∕f〃g走i〃α〃eSs‧ ●印γe川e川凸eγ／〃g咖o叨〃eγ5妳Of走α川川α.A∕∕ 凸e／〃gⅧγet乃eo叨〃eγ川〃Ⅱe／γ＄㎡tl﹚e』γγ叩ec加e 冷α川川α’α〃αt乃e）／叨／∕∕／肋eγ／〃乃e介〃／t﹩㎡肋αγ gooαoγ凸αααα／o川.助〃〃αeγjtα〃α／〃gt肋山Ⅷ’ ）／o〃叨i／川e∕e＄s／川／／〃eαto凸eα〃gU／叨肋α〃ot乃eγ. I川teααW’e／〃g〃g肌﹞o〃αeue／oPCo川Pα卯io〃允γ咖o叻eγPeγso〃叨乃o叨／／川αtjetO允Cetl﹚e γeⅧ／tsof肋凸αααα／O川 ●印c〃／r／咖t／〃g肋O〃g伽㎡∕OU／〃g走／〃α〃e﹩Ⅲoα／／凸e／〃gs。Gγeαt凸∕e﹩咖g＄Co川etot乃ose叨乃oαeue∕oP t乃αγ川／〃αJt乃γo〃g仇乃ePγαα／Ce㎡凸o甽α∕Ⅲ／oⅢ α〃αCOγγ2PαⅢO〃tOα〃. ●B）／〃ot／α咖g）／o〃γ川加α凸e尸o／／川eα』U／eu／／肋o〃g肋to叨αγαJ肋ePeγ5o〃叨乃o乃αs叨γo〃geαoγ 加γt）／o〃‧Ⅷeα〃geγ）∕o〃乃αγ凸o〃γ』〃）／o〃γ川加α αoes）∕o〃川oγeαα川αgEtl﹚α〃tot乃eot乃eγPeγso〃. Ⅷeγc／Dγe’C〃∕加αteα／旅㎡／O﹞α〃α∕OUe,eDe〃刎／∕e∕／tj／〃gα川o〃g咖加t咖∕.

6 THEDANGEROF SELHSHNESS

Se吮s伽es’走∕∕／so〃e’sPeγso〃α∕／t﹞／α〃α咖γ咖α／gγo咖A

A震緒軒r亂搬撇腳嚇v≡朧鈕

respectotbers;}1earguesandquarrelsoversn1all n]atters’andbislifebecoIesbutanendlessiourneyin unhappiness.Hesuspectsothersofbeingbisrivals, andisenviousoftheirsuccessandachievernents.He

covetstbeirpossessions;becannottoleratetbeir bappiness.Intheend,bepoisonsbisthoughtsand becon>esdangeroustosoc1ety. Regardlessofwbetberbeisricborpoor,aselfis}> n]aniscontrolledbygreed·Heisnevercontented,

亥2HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

neversatisfiedwit}lwbathebas.ItwasMabatrna

Gandbiwbooncesaid’‘Ⅷe叨oγ∕α∕﹩e〃o〃g乃允γ 刖eU／o〃e’J〃eeαM,刎〃αeueγe〃Ⅲgl﹚允γo〃e川α汕 gγeeα’‧Ifbeisrich,beworriesabouthisbouse, propertyandallhisotberpossessions.Healways thinksof}]owton]alKen]oren]oneyandisnotpreparedtopartwithalittleo{wbatbebas,evenfora worthycause.Heisalwaysfilledwitbworriesof beingrobbed,kidnapped,orcheated.Heworries aboutbisbusinessanddoubtsthetrustwortbinessof bisworkers.Heworriesaboutbisdeatbandhowhis

wealtbwillbeused.Ifbeispoor,ontbeother hand,besu{fersfrornnothavingenoughHeis

alwayslonging{orwealt}Iandproperty.V/henbeis unabletoobtainthewealthandpropertytbrougb honestn]eansandbardwork,beresortstocrinIinal n]eanston]eetbisdesires.

Selfishnessisbrougbtaboutbywrongviewsand tbefailuretoperceivetherealitiesoflife.Rootedin craving,andthebeliefinanon-existentself,selfisbnessisaverydestructiveen1otionalforce.Ifpreventiveandcorrectiven]easuresarenottakentoreduce

tbisnegativeen]otion,itcancauseuntoldsuffering andn]isery.Hown1anyofuseverpondereddeeply overthestaten1entIadebyW/illian1Gladstone: M／M﹚〃eJs加乃egγeαt刎C〃汀e㎡咖伽川α〃川Ce ,

Thoughtsareforces,andselfishnessisapowerful negativeforcetbatbringsbadconsequences.Tbisisin

THEDANGEROFSELFlSHNESS

亥多

accordancewithtbeuniversaln]orallawtbatwereap theresultso{ouractionswbichtakerootinour

tboughts·Painandsufferingaretheresultsofevil tbougbts,whilehappinessistheresultofgood thougbts. W/earedon]inatedbyourtbougbts·Achronic batredorevenacberishedgrudgetearstheonewbo harboursittosbreds·Astrongfeelingofresentn]entis iustaslikelyasagern]tocausepoorbealtbandsicknesses.Ifoneissoun{ortunateastobaveanenen>y, allowingtheresentn]enttodiginandtbebatredto becon>ecbronicistbeworstthingonecandoto oneself·

TheNeedtoCultivateLoveandCoInpassion

Alllivingbeingsarecon]radesinsuffering,wboare subiectedtoacon]Ionpredican]ent.Intbeaverage hurnann]ind,t}Iereisarubbishheapofevil;but fortunately,thereisalsoastorebouseofvirtuewaiting tobetapped.Tbecboiceo{developingvirtueorcon]Inittingevilisreallyuptoonesel{·Thepracticeo{ syn]patheticfeelingsfortbesufferingo{otberssbould becultivated.Ahappy,contentedli{eisonlyattained byoverconIingselfisbnessanddevelopinggoodwill, understandingandbenevolence·V/esbouldnotcondeInotbersbypickingontbeirweaknessesor Inistakesanddisregardingtheirgoodworkandgood nature。

IntbeDban﹞nIapada,tbeBuddhasays:‘Hαtγeα』s 〃eUeγ“〃eαJeα勿l﹚αtγeα／〃t肋叨Oγ∕α／tiM〃eαJeα

了牛HOWTOLIVEWlTHOUTPEAR＆WORRY

勿∕oDe.Ⅷ』MJα〃αe甽／山肌’Thisnaturallawwas alsotaugbtbyJesuswhosaidthatαPe汀o〃s乃o〃∕ααo gooαtot乃ose【叻o乃αte阮川‧ Todogoodistobringtoonesel{alltbepowerful goodelen]entsinnature·Todoevilistowelcon]e destructiveeleIents.Thosew}]oliveinbatewilldie

inbate,iustastbosewbolivebytbeswordwilldieby tbeswordEveryeviltbougbtisasifitwereasword directedatbin]wbodrawsit.Onceapersonrealises tbisfact,beshouldbeafraidofharbouringeviland sel{ishtboughts. Itisaspiritualtrutbtbatevilcanonlybeovercon]e byitsopposite,positiveforceo{good·Loveandcon]passionaretheantidotesforbatred.Goodwillisthe antidoteforanger.Tbepresenceofonepositiveforce iIpliestbeabsenceofitsopposingnegativeforce.By developinglove,con]passionandgoodwill,wecan n]aketbesetbougbtsourInostpreciousassets. NotbingoutsideuscanpossiblyaffectusasIucb aswbatistakingplaceinourrninds.Itisanestablisbed{actthat,‘Asan]antbinketbinbisbeart,sohe iS.,

Se小co叫〃e,t／M〃αeeα允γgγeαteγt乃α〃叻eCo〃﹣ α〃esmfα∕／o咖γ允／尼川e奶eγαgoα〃oγα叻川加oγ Ⅲαγα’Ⅷ肋Bγα乃川αα〃咖〃凸αC走t乃etjJαO〃㎡川C乃αPeγsO〃岫O∕川e﹙／M〃〃eα﹚〃αⅢ〃∕／tjeM〃 γesrγαZ〃r.

～D↙﹚α川川C叩αC此J～

OVERCOMINGJEALOUSY ANDSELHSHNEsS

se吮伽Ⅲ／st乃eα川e qf／eα∕ⅢⅣ’叨〃e／eα∕ⅢⅣ 〃γt川e川e吮s觔Ⅲ.

O照刪刪鞭譚鰓’刪:刪語

tbebead:‘YouarealwaystakingtheIead;itisnot{air. Yououghtto}etn]eleadson]etin]es.,T}]ebead

answered:‘Tbatcannotbebecauseitistbelawofour

naturetbatIshouldbethebeadIcannotchange placeswitbyou., Tbequarrelwentonforseveraldaysuntiloneday, outofanger,tbetailfasteneditselftoatree.Thebead cou}dnotproceedanddecidedtolettbetailhaveits

>6HOWTOLIVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

ownway.Unfortunately,thetailwasunabletosee wbereitwasgoing,andtbesnakefellintoapitoffire andperisbed. TberearesoIewboareneversatisfiedwitbtheir

possessionsandareiealousofthosewhobaven1ore tbantbey.Tbciealousthougbtstbeybarbourintheir n]indspreventt}IeIfronIenioyingwlnttbeybave. Eveni{tbeybavedoneverywellineveryone’seyes’ tbeyarenotsatisfiedaIlaretorn]entedbytbefact tbatsoIneoneelsebasperforInedbetterthant}1en1·It wouldbebeneficialfortben]toturntheirthougbts inwardsandcounttheirblessingsratherthancultivatingiealousthoughts. TheCauseofJealousy

Tbebasiccauseofiealousyisselfis}Iness.WhenanIan becon]eseccentricandself-centered,belivesonlyfor bin]selfandregardsallotherbeingsasbispotential rivals.Heisenviousoftbeirsuccess.Hecovetstheir

possessions.Hecannottoleratetheirbappiness.Heis iealousoftheiracbieven1ents.Intbefinalanalysis, bebecon]esconIpletelyunsociableanddangerous, w}]icbcreateproblen]s.Problen>scancon]efron] n]anysources. 斗斗斗斗:﹩.斗

Ⅲ◎γe乃o叻岫Co川e加川O〃Ki〃‘／bAdogtooka triptoseetbecountry.A{ewdayslaterhereturned, andbisfriendsaskedbin]w}]etberhefacedproblen]s onthetrip.Hesaidtbathen]etwitbn]anypeopleand

OVERCOMlNG>EALOUSYANDSELFlSHNESS>>

anin]alsalongtbeway.TbeydidnotcreateanydisturbancesbutallowedbinItogobisownway· ‘Tbeonlyproblen1sIfacedwerefron>ourown kind·,hesaid‘Theywouldnotleaven]ealone.Tbey barkedatIeandchasedandtriedtobiten]e. ••

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Inthesan]eway,wbenapersonbecoIessuccessful,tbosewbodonotlKnowbin]willleavebin]alone·

Unfortunately’hehastoputupwitbsorneofhis friendsandrelativeswbonIay{eelenviousofbis success·Tbeycarrytales,andevencreateobstaclesfor bin].Insucbasituation,besbouldtrytoexercise patience.Itn]aybeusefulforbin]toreIen]berthatit iseasier{orsoInepeopletoassociatewitbstrangers ratbertbantheirownpeople. Selfishnessisbrougbtaboutbywrongviewsand failuretoperceivetberea>itieso{li{e·Selfisbnessisa verydestructiveen]otionbasedoncravingandcauses untoldsuf{eringandn]isery·Correctiveandpreventiven]easuressbouldbetakentocontro>sucbnegative en】otlons。

Tbougbtsareforcesinwbicbgoodbuildsuponand attractsgood.Tbefruitst}Iatwereapareinaccordancewitbthethougbtswebavesown·Ourpainand bappinessaredirectresultsofourownevilorgood tboughtsontbebasisoftbelawofattractionwbicb operatesuniversallyoneveryplano{action·I{oneis soun{ortunateastobaveanenen]y,theworstt}Iing onecandotoonesel{,andnottotheenen>y,istolet

>8HOWTOLIVEWlTH0UTFEAR&WORRY

tberesentn]entdiginandallowtbebatredtobecon1e chronic.

WeareallcoIradesinsufferingandsubiectedtoa coIn>onlaw.Thechoicetodevelopvirtueorcornrnit evIieswitbus.Tberefore,ifwecannotbeartoseeor beartbesuccessfulacbieven]entsofotbers,wewould needtore-evaluateouroutlook AwarenessoftlIeMind

Byreviewingandexarniningonesnegativethoughts, apersonwillrealisetbatnooneoutsidebin]selfbas thepowerorIneanstoupsetbisinnerpeaceand balanceofn>ind·V/benbecoIpareshin]selfwitb otbers,hecreatesbisownsufferingbythinkingthat hebaslessorthatotbersaren]oresuccessfultban

bin].Tbereisnobene{ittobegainedbybarbouring iealousy,wbicbisoftentbecauseofsoIucbdisunity intheworld·

V/eshouldrealisetbatnegativeen]otionssucbas iealousy,angerandill-willstiflet}]eIind’sgrowth W/en]ustworkto{reeourselvesfrornsucbevilin-

{luencesatallcosts·Jealousywillnotbringuswhat wedesire,butinsteadwillleadusdowntheblindalley o{enrnity,unrest,andunduepbysicalandn]ental su{fering. W/ernustbeevervigilantofunwboleson]e tbougbts.W/beneveranegativetboug}Itarisesinthe n]ind,weIusttrytoreplaceorsubstitutetbenegative tboughtwithapositiveone·Tbisrequiresustobe awareofwbatgoesinandcon]esoutoftbernind.

OVERCOMING>EALOUSYANDSIFISHNESS>9

Tbrougbtbisgradualprocesso{self-awareness,we willbeabletocbeckandweedoutthenegative tbougbtsbeforetbeycanenslaveus·

DealingwithJealousy

W/benwecon]etoknowtbedangerofharbouring iealousy,wecanthendevotcourtirneandenergyto

theprofitablecultivationofwbolesoIethoug}]tsof kindnessandsyn]pat}Iy.W/esbouldtbinktbatthereis nothing{orustolosewhenothersn1akeprogress.W/e sbouldcultivaten]odesty,eradicateself-centered craving,anddevelopsyn]patbeticioyattbebappiness ofotbers.Apersonwboisin]buedwithsuchgood t}1ougbtsisablessingtohin1selfandtheworldat Iarge.Tbepracticeo{syn]patbeticfeelingfortbe su{feringsofotbersshouldbeencouragedwhileattbe saIetin]eeradicatingtbougbtsofselfisbness·A bappyandcontentedli{eisonlyattainedwbenone overcoIesselfishnessanddevelopsgoodwill,understandingandbenevolence. TbeBuddhaencouragedbisdisciplestodevelop syIpatbeticorappreciativeioywbenotbersare bappy,wbichisane{{ectiveantidotetoiealousy. Tbeyadoptacongratulatoryattitudebyreioicing whenothersprosperandsucceed.Thisn]aynotbe bardtodowhenourlovedonesprosperandsucceed, butisratberdi{ficultwitbregardtoouradversaries. >usttbink:‘Dowenotwanttoprosperandsucceed? Dowenotwisbtobeblessedwit}Ihappiness?>ustas

8•HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

wbatwewouldwantforourselves,wouldn’tthe

otberstoowanttobeblessedwitbprosperity,success andbappiness?’MaintainingsucbanIentalattitude canfreeapersonfron]n]uchsufferingaswellasfron] fallingtoruin,especiallywbenill-willandn]alicious actionsdevelopfron]iealousthoughts.Italsopreventsone{ron>hinderingothersinn1akinggood progress.

Ontbeotherband’wen]ustbavepatiencewith otherswboareiealousofoursuccess.Theirreaction canson]etin]esarisebecausewehavenotactedwith

hun]ility.W/en]ustbeconsideratebynotflaunting ouracbieven]entsbeforeotherswboarelesssuccess-

ful.Duringn]on]entsofsuccess,wen]ustrecallour pastfailuressotl1atwenIayunderstandbettertbe {eelingsofotberswhobaveperforn1edlesswell.

Whenothersactagainstusbecauseofiealousy, guardourselvesagainstresentnIent.W/esbould ren1indourselvestbatwe,likeotbers,areownersof

ourrespectivedeeds(kanI1a).Wesbouldtbinktbus: ‘Nowwhatisthepointofn]ygettingangrywitbbin]? AngerwillnotsolveprobleIns’t}Ieywillonlyaggravatetbesituation.T}IisangerwillonlycreatekanIrna wbic}IwillleadtoInyownsufferinganddownfall.By replyingto}Iin]wit}]resentInent’Iwillonlyhurt n]yselflilKeapersonwhopicksburningenIbersinbis handtohitanotherwithit.,Tbereisastorywbich clearlyillustratesbowaDban]n]an]astersubdueda iealousrivalwitboutresortingtoanger.

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Cα〃）／0〃川α尺e川eo凸c）∕﹚／0㎡Oncetberewasa DbaInInan]asterwbosetalkswerewidelyattendedby peopleo{allranks.Heneverusedscholasticexplanationsbutspokestraight{ron]bishearttohislisteners. Oneevening,ateacberfron]anotherreligioussect attendedbistalkHewasangrybecausetbisDbanIn]a n]asterwasabletodrawlargeaudiences,including son1eofbisown{ollowers.Tbeself-centeredteacber wasdetern1inedtohaveadebatewitbtben]aster.

‘Hey’Dban]n]aMaster!’becalledout·‘W/aita n]inute·OtbersIaylistentoyouandobeywbatyou say,butan]anliken]ysel{doesnotrespectyou·Can youn]aken]eobeyyou?, ‘Con]eherebesiden]eandIwi}Isbowyou,,said tbeDhan]Ian]aster.

Tbeteacberpusbedbin]sel{tbrougbtbecrowdand proudlystoodbesidetben]aster. TbeD}]an]n]an>astersnIiled·‘Con]eoverton]yleft side·’Tbeteacherobeyed ‘No,Itbinkit’sbetteri{youareonn]yrigbtside,, saidtbeDban]n]an]aster.‘W/ecantalkbettertbat

way·’Tbeteacberproudlysteppedovertotberight· ‘Yousee,’saidtbeDban>n>an]aster,‘youareobeyingn]e.Itbinkyouareaverygentleperson.Nowsit downandlisten., ••

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8 DEAINGW/ITHENEMIS ANDCRITICISM

‘LOγα﹚sαⅢ川e介o川川〕介／e〃αJj走〃o叨乃oⅧroαe／b〃α 川﹚／‘eγαgα伽r川）e〃eⅢeJ. · ]

～V○／川／〃～

V辮彥鰓;馱:!鰓辮刪腳聯

Iesslyservedn]ankind,IiketheBuddba,Krisbna, >esusandMobaI]ed,greatpbiIosopherslikeSocrates,

socialre{orn]ersIikeAbraban]Lincolnandtbefather

o{non-violence,Mahatn]aGandbi,allhadtbeirsbare

o{opponentsandenen]ies.Tbesegreatn]astersand Ieaderspatient}yunderwenttheabusesandcriticisn]s o{tbeirenen]ies,withoutdeviating{ron]theirnoble

DEALlNGWlTHENEMlESANDCRlTlClSM83

principles·Son]eevenhadtofaceuntin]elydeath{or tbesakeoftbeirprincipleswhichtbeyvaluedabove everythingelse.

Eversoo{ten,peoplewboworkfortbewelfareo{ otbersa>socon]eintocontactwitbpeoplewitbbad intentions.Thereseen>stobeacontinuousconflict

thatarisesnaturallybetweengoodandevil.W/bena personn]akesanefforttodoson>egood,tbereare sonIepeoplewboliketo{indfaultwitbhin>ratber tbanshowerhinIwitbpraises.Heisblan]edforwhat hedoesordoesn,tdo·InaddressingAtbula,adisciple oftheBuddba,whocornplainedaboutbisdissatisfactionwithtbepreacbingofot}Ierdisciples,ando{ tbewayt}Ieytriedtoanswerhisquestions’tbe Buddbasaid:‘PeopleblaIneothersfortheirsilence· Tbeyalsoblan]etbosewhonlkIuc}Iorinn]oderation.T}Iereis,there{ore,nooneinthisworldwhois notblan]ed.’

Apersonn]ustbepreparedtoacceptblanIewith son]edegreeo{resignationi{necessary,eveniftbe allegationsarewitboutbasis.AbraharnLincolnhada verysoberandpracticalwaytohandlecriticisn]·He said’‘吁I叨eγeto呵α〃αγeαα’川川川Ⅲα川Ⅷeγ’α／∕ t乃eαttαC走s川ααeO〃川e’咖sJ乃叩川杪tα﹩叨e∕／凸e C∕O5eα允γα〃）Ot乃eγ凸川i〃ess∕αOt乃eUer﹚／凸estⅢ〃O叨乃O叨’t乃eUe〃凸e﹩t叨叫／α〃;α〃αI加eα〃tO走ecPO〃 αo／〃g‘oⅦt／∕咖e〃‘Mf咖e〃α凸γ／〃gS川eo川α∕／ γ杪t’tbe〃叨乃αt∕Ⅲα／ααgα／川t川e叨O〃’t川α㎡eMft乃e e〃α凸γ∕〃gJ川eo川叨γo〃g’tl）e〃te〃α〃ge／sS叨eαγ』〃gJ Ⅷαsγ杪tujⅢ／α川α走e〃oα狄γe川e.

8牛HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

MirroroftheMind

Aperson’stboughtsandbeliefssbapebislife,experiencesandcircun]stances·Liken]irrors,allrnen

becon]eliketbeirownre{lectedn]entalin]ages.T}Iey beboldtbereflectiono{tbeirowncbaracterandinner

tboughts·Untilapersonrealizestbathisowncharacter isbuttheef{ecto{bisownt}Ioug}Itsandbeliefs,be ren]ainsavictin]ofcircun]stances.Butonceberealises

tbisgreattrutb’bebasstartedont}leiourneywhicb willenable}Iin]tobefree{ron]tbepoisonofillwill. Theuglinessapersonseesinotbersisadirect reflectionofbisownnature.Tberefore,aperson shouldnotactbastilyandproiecttbeirnageofunwboleson]enessand}]atredwitbinhin]sel{onanotber

innocentandunfortunatebeing.Letushavepa[ience andnotcriticiseotberstooreadily.V/esbouldview thingsfron]abroaderperspectivebyputtingourselves intheotherperson,ssboes·Trytounderstandtbe circun]stancesw}Iicbgaverisetoanaction.Adopting sucbaperspectivecanenableustoleadanoblelifeof non-inter{erenceinthea{{airsandthepeaceofotbers. LetuskeepinⅢindtbeBuddha’sadvice:‘He叨乃o亦 O凸seγⅢ川㎡O咖γs’允〃∕t‘’〃α／Jα∕叨〃’／γγ立α凸／e’ 川deαJeJ肋o叨〃α哦∕e川e〃肌〃e／J允γ介O川咖 αest川α／o〃㎡α哦∕e川e呱’BoltanHallhaswritten tbefollowinglines: ‘I∕Oo走eααt川〕凸γO咖γ叨肋t乃e川／dOJCo尸e㎡ Cγ／tZαs〃Z﹚

A〃αIJα／α’‘〃O叨COαγse川）／凸γOt乃eγis／’

DEALlNGWlTHENEMlESANDCRITICISM85

／／oo走eααM﹚／川t／﹚γo〃g川乃ete∕eJC叩e㎡JCoγ〃’ A〃αJsα／α’‘HO叨s川α／／〃∕）／凸γOt乃eγ／＄／’ Ⅷe〃I∕Oo走eα／〃t乃e川／γγoγ㎡tγ刎凸’ A〃α几α／α’‘HO叨／／足e川e〃Z）／凸γOt乃eγ／＄／’

PicMngIhultsinOtbers Itissoeasytoseethefaultsofotbers:itisdif{icult toseeonesownfaults.TheBuddbasaysthatone winnowsotber’sfaultslikecbaff,buthidesonesown

likeacraftyfowlerwbocoversbirnsel{.Ones}Iould notregardtbefaultsofot}Iers,thingsdoneorleft undonebyotbers(iusttopassren]arks,)butone sbouldconstantlyconsideronesowndeedsofcornn]issionandon]ission.

Keepingthesegen]sofadviceinInindcanbelpus understandbetterourownnatureandputabrakeon negativen]entaltendencies.Bepositive.Ifone}Iasa fault-findingfran]eofInind,onewillseet}]atevena rosehasitst}Iorns·Butwbydwellontbeflawsw}Ien onecanenioyitsbeauty?Everyworldlingbasfaults. Anditisuse{ultoren]en]bertbatnopersonistotally bad,orevileither.

Tbenexttin]ebeforewestartfindingfaultswitb others,ren]eIbertheselinesbyRobertLouisStevenson:

‘ⅧeγeiⅢO川川乃gOOα／〃咖ⅧoⅧ㎡川’ A〃αsO川川乃凸αα／〃t乃e凸esmf川’ Ⅷα㎡t咖〃〃OM’e乃ODeα〃）O〃e㎡Ⅲ, 了M〃αα〃﹞允〃∕t叨奶咖γest㎡Ⅲ’

s6HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUT「EAR＆WORRY

W/hattodowhenCriticised

I/bensoIneoneisangrywithyou,tryto{indouttbe causeoftbeproblen]·Itcouldbeduetoson]ething whicbyouhavedone.I{youbaven]adean]istake, adn]ititandapoIogiseforyourwrongaction·Ifitis duetoan]isunderstanding,haveahearttohearttalk witbtbatpersonandbewil}ingtoresolvetbedi{ferences.Ontheotherhand,iftbeangerbasarisen becauseofiealousyore[notionalprobleIsontbepart o{tbeotberparty,youshouldnotreplyangerwitb anger,thoughthisisanaturaltendency·I/arsdonot endwars·TbeyonIygiveriseton]orevengeance.At best’theyresultinanuniustsettlenIent.TheBuddba says,‘川eu／αoγ凸γeeα叻αtγeαα〃α咖αC／bαteα／／Des 川川Jer﹚／.O〃0乃e刎oγe〃o甽Ces凸ot／﹚u／αoU／〃α αc／MM﹚α〃﹞α〃α尸eαC咖／.’ OverconIeangerwithlovingkindness·Thisisby noIeanseasytoperforn].Andthisin]pliesson]e

degreeo{seIfcontroI:toconqueryourownanger{or thesakeofhappinessandpeace·TheBuddbasays, ‘Ⅷo〃g乃o〃eM﹚o〃∕αCo叫Ⅲγα叻o川α〃α㎡川2Jαt乃o〃-

Jα〃α川e〃／〃凸α㎡／e’乃e叨乃oCⅢ卯eγs觔O叨〃Je吼／s肋e

gγeαtesmfα∕∕co叫ⅢγoγJ川ttakespatience’butthe resuItsarewortbtheeffort.

SmiIeanddososincerely.Asyousn]iIeandshower benevolenttboughtso{loveandkindnessuponan enen]y,aIniraclehappens.Yourradiant{aceandpre-

sencegeneratepositiven]entalwavestbatcanbreak tbecoIdn]entaIwallseparatingthebotho{you·Only

DEALlNGWITHENEMISANDCRlTICISM8>

lovebasthepowero{influencingandchanging

negativethoughtsintopositiveones:hatredwillonly succeedinhardeninganopponent’sposition. 〃eαγe叨αC』γC∕et乃αt5伽t川eO川

〃eγα／C,γe凸e么α咖〃gtoβo肌

B〃t／OZ／eα〃α／凸ααt乃e叨／ttO叨川﹩ WeαγeⅧαC／γC／etl）αr亡OO走占／川／〃／～﹠／tU∕〃MbJγ尤l﹚α川～

Tbewisedonotgetrido{theirenenIiesbyreturningevilforevilsincen]oreenen]iesarecreatedthat way.ThepropernIethodtoovercon]eyourenerniesis byextendingtotbeInyourgoodwillandunderstanding.Recognisetbeirneedsandwbytheyattacked you.Tben’insteado{criticising’speakwellofthen]. TbisisnotwbatInostpeopledo’butitworkstin]e andagain.ItwasOscarW／ildewhooncesaid,﹙A觔叫＄允γg!ue﹞Ⅲγe〃e川Ⅲ’〃o咖〃gαⅢO）／﹩咖川＄o川Ⅲ〃 Tbeexperiencesofpeoplewbousethisn]etbodclearly den]onstratethattbisisan]ostef{ective,practical IetbodofcbanginganenenIyintoafriend.Tbisis alsotbeBuddhistway. TbeBuddhataugbtthato〃es乃o〃∕αco〃α〃eγα〃geγ 叨肋足／〃α〃e﹩﹩’叨／吮eα〃es﹩叨肋gOOα〃e＄s’﹩e吮s伽e﹩s 叨肋c乃αγ卹’α〃‘MJ／se乃Ooα叨觔kγ刎刎∕〃刪. Beforewegetangrywithson]eonewbonIweconsidertobeanenerny,iustrecalltwot}Iings:Pirstly’ peoplesufferrnorefrornthehatredtheycarryintheir nIindstbanwbattbeirenen]ieswoulddotot}]en].If

88HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

youwishtoberidofyourgreatestenen]y’ren]ove yourownanger·

Secondly,wenotonlylearn{ron]ourgoodfriends, butfron]ourenen]iesaswell.V/eInustgivetben]tbe

bene{itofthedoubt.Theycouldwellberight·I{ wedon’tpayattentiontowhattheysay(insteadof beingangrywitbhowtbeysayit),wen]ightlosean opportunitytolearnandin]proveourselves.Son]etin]es’thisrevelationInightbeson]etbingo{in]portance,butbecauseitissoclosetousevenourown

{riendsn]igbtl]esitatetopointtbatweaknesstous.If wekeepanopenn]ind,witboutcon]ingto}]astyconclusions,wecanlearnn]ucb{ron]ourenen]ies· Don’tBeAfraidofCriticisn>

Sweetnesscancausesickness.Praiseissweet,buttoo n>uchofitcancauseonetobesickCriticisn]canbe

likeabitterpillorapainfuliniection:Itisunpleasant surely,butitcandousgood. Don’tbea{raidofcriticisn].Ren]ernbert}]atnoone

canreallybefreefron]it,notevengreatpeople. CritisisIis{utilebecauseitputsan]anontl]edefensiveandusuallyn]akesan]anstrivetodefendhin]self. Critisisn]isdangerousbecauseitwoundsanIan’spreciouspride,hurtsbissenseofiIportanceandarouses bisresentn]ent.Buttbereisaconstructivesideto

criticisn].V/eshouldlistentocriticisn1,especiallyi{ tbeyareconstructive,andwelcon]etheopportunity forselfirnproven]ent.V/es}Iouldrestrainouregoand notharbourhatredagainsttbecritic.V/en]ustnotbe

DEALlNGWITHENEMIESANDCRITICISM89

quicktolabeltbosewbodonotshareourviewsasour enen]ies.Notallwbocriticiseusareourenen]ies·

Therefore,adoptapositiveattitudeandlistenintently totben]essageoftbecriticisn]·Doesitbaveabasis andist}]ereson]et}]ingwecanlearnfrornit?W/en]ay findoutourownweaknesswbichwen]ightnotbe abletosee·

Ontbeotherband,wernaycon1eacrossson1e incorrigiblepeoplewboarenotaffectedbyourgoodwill.W/ernaytrybyusingpeace{uln1etbodsand reasonwitbthenI,butitwillbeinvain.Eventhenwe

sbouldnotbarbourangerandtakerevengeagainst tbeI.Becausebydoingso,wewillfallintot}]esan]c poolofnIudtbeyarewallowingin.Gettinginvolved inrnud-slingingwilln]akeusnobetterthanour enen]y.W/edefileourselvesintbeprocess.Many peopleinterferewitbunnecessarythingseitbertodo son]etbingn]aliciousortopassuncalledforren]arks. Asaresultoftbisnegativeattitude,tbeygetinto trouble.

Attbesan]etirneweshouldnotbetoocriticalor

inquisitiveaboutotberpeople’saffairsandpokeour noseswberewearenotwanted.TbereisanEastern

folktaletoillustratetbispoint. :卜斗斗斗斗斗

儿f﹜〃αW〃γO叨〃伽S加eSS‧Once,sonIewoodcutters werecuttingafallentreetrunkTbeybeganbysplittingthetrunkdownthen]iddle.Ton]alKetbeirwork

9•HOWTOLIEWITHOUTPEAR&wORRY

easiertbeyinsertedawedgebetweenthetwopartsas theyproceeded.Asitwasaln]ostnoontheydecided totakeabreak,leavingtbetreetrunkwithtbewedge stiIlinplace·>usttbenan]onkeycan]ealong.He wantedtoknowwbatthewedgewasdoingtbere.So hesatastridetbetrunk’witbbistail(andotber organs!)hangingbetweentbesplittrunkAfter shakingthewedgevigorously,hesucceededinren]ovingit,butinsodoingthetwosidesofthetrunk slan]n]edshutcrusbingbistailandhisotherorgans andkiIlinghin]. q•

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I/hatsbouldyoudowhenson]eonen>akesan unkindstateInent?Youn﹞ayliketore｛lect:I＄川）／ e〃e刎／川峨eα／〃肋αα∕o川α〃αJtαte川e〃㎡Ifthey arecon]pletelybaseless,theninsteadofgettingupset youshouldignoretben]·YouIayevenhavecon]passionbecausethepersonwboactsouto{ill-will onlysucceedsinharn]ingbin]sel{.Ifyouareinnocent, regardyourenen]iesasignorantandinneedof guidance.Rernen】ber】esusw｝losaid,‘凡t乃eγ’允γg／De rl﹚e川允γt乃C）／走〃o叨〃ot叨乃αtt乃eMo’’wbenbewas cruci{ied.

Oneo{thebestwaystoavoidsuCbproblen]sisto reduceasIuchaspossib}econtactwitbsuchevil

people.TbisiswhytbeBuddhaoncesaidtbat狗Ⅲ αo〃OM﹚αUeα〃﹚γe∕／α凸／e介／e〃αⅢoαsjOααte叨肋’／t 川杪M,M,αteγtO∕eαααsO／／tαU／∕《／b Thisn]aynotalwaysbepossible.V/hatsbouldwe

DEALlNGWITHENEMlESANDCRITlClSM9>

doi{webavetoassociatewitbsel{isbfriendswbotry

totakeson]etbingfron]us?Tbeyarelikernosquitoes, notonlydotbeysuckourblood,tbeycanalsospread viruses.Intbatcase,seekwaystoreduceanyreason forinstigation.AstbeDhan﹞n﹞apadasayinggoes,‘Lα 川∕／De／m〃叼α川o〃gstt乃oJe叨乃o加亡e’.0nno accountsbouldweallowourse}vestobedrawninto

revenge,wbichnIighto{tenseen]stobeasweet option.Trytoriseabovepettytroubles.W/eareangry becauseouregoishurt.Ifwecanren]ovetbe{alse viewo{ego,tbenwecanrealisetbattbereisreally nothingtobeangryaboutandtbereisnooneat wbon]thisangerisdirected V/biledevelopingpatienceandunderstanding,we n]ustnot,bowever,allowourselvestobeIadeuseof

byotbers{ortbeirowngain.W/esbouldn]aintaina caln]dignityinthe{aceo{uniustattacks,butattbe saInetinIe,wesbouldnotsurrenderournobleprinciples. ••

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】b〃川α）／st叩o〃川）／／M.Wbilewalkingdowntbe corridorinthecon]partInento{atrain,ayoungn]an accidentallysteppedonthefootofafellowpassenger. 厄venafterapologising’tbeyoungn〕anwasscoldedby tbeangrynIan. ‘Mydearfellow,,saidtbeyoungn]an,‘can’tyou seetbatt}Iiswasanaccident>Ifyouarestillnothappy witbn]yapologies,youIaysteponIyfootifyou like.,

92HOWTOLIVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

TbisbroughtsoInesensetotbepassengerwhofelt asban]edofbin]selfforw}]atbehaddonetotbeyoung n]anandhestoppedscoldingl]in>inI]ediately. :卜斗米:﹩.:卜斗

Son]epeoplen]aybeinclinedtothinkthatsorneof tbeaboveillustrationsareverycon]Inendable,even noble,butin1possibletoaccon]plisbandin1practical intbisuncaringworldofourswheresurvivaloftl1e fittestistheorderoftheday.Granteditisdifficult, butcertainlyitisnotin]possible.Althoughpeople takedeligbtinconI]ittingevil,withintbeirnaturelies thepotentialtooverconIeevilandattaincon]plete liberation.Apersoncon1n]itsevilforiIn1ediategain, butforbisfUturegainbesl1ouldperforn]whatis good.Eversooften,one’sin]patienceforinI]ediate resultsblindsbin]fron]settingbissightsfurtberand bigber.W/}Ienheadoptsabroadervision,evenifbe cannotreturngoodforevil’atleastbesbouldtake carenottoreturnevilforevil,n]ucblessevilforgood. Youshouldnotgiveupyourgoodworkiust becauseofcriticisn]s.Ifyourprinciplesare}]onourableandifyoubavethecouragetocarryondespite criticisn]s,youareindeedgreatandcansucceed anywbere. Tbosewhodevotetbeirtin]eanddoson]eserviceto

otbersgainappreciationandcriticisnIaswell.SonIe areiealousoftbeITbisisanaturalworldlyconditioniustastbetreetbatbearssweetandediblefruits getsn]orepeltingfron]tbepeople.

DEALINGWITHENEMlESANDCRITIClSM93

TheBuddbasays,‘Ⅷe〃o凸／es叨eγtje〃ot介o川t乃e γ杪tPα叻’甽αdαue〃o／o〃geM／﹜eγ叨oγ／αb／o）／J’∕α ／M〃e〃叨凸αt川α）／.Ⅷ2叨／Jeγe川α／〃α／川α〃αCO川tα〃t ／〃川／〃α’α∕／走e／〃／O）／α〃α／〃soγγO叨. DonotexpecttoseeiIn]ediateresultstbevery{irst tin]eyouatten]ptradiatinglovingkindnesstowards yourenen]y.Anddonotbedisbeartenedifyouare notrewardedforyouref{orts·Youn]ustbaveconfidence,detern]inationandperseverancetocarryon tbispracticetowinoveryourenen]ies·Bysodoing, yougiveyoureneIytbeopportunitytorealisethat be}]aserred.Hewillcon]etoappreciateyourgentlenessandcourage· Intryingtowina{riendsbiportoendaquarrel, yousbouldnotsaytbatyouareinthewrong,wben tbatisnottbecase.I{youbaven]adean]istake,adn]it it{reelyandbun]bly·However,i{youarerigbt,stick toyourprinciples,butⅢaintainapurebeart╴abeart {reefron]anger,batredandvengeance·Ontbeotber bandyousbouldnottrytolookdownuponsn]all peopleorn]inoritycon]nIunities,byconsideringtben] aspowerless.Tbereisasayingtbatαgγeαt川α〃J乃o叨J 肋gγeα加esM,）∕t乃e叨〃乃etγeαts∕／tt∕e川e〃. Evenbun]blecreaturescantoppleanygiantbeasti{ theyco-operate. q•

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U》Zit）／isStγe叫肋.Anelephantoncepulledabrancb offatreewberetberewasabird’snest.Asaresulttbe

nestandtbeeggsinitweredestroyed.Thebirdwas

9牛HOWTOLⅣEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

veryupsetbuttbeelepbantiustwalkedoffwitbout evensayingbewassorry.Tbebirdflewtotbewoodpecker{orbelpandtbelattersougbtouttbeelepbant andpluckedoutbiseyes.Swan]sof{liesthensettled ontbeelepbant,seyesoclKetsandinfectedtben]· Blinded’tbeoncernigbtyelepbantwanderedabout belplessly>ookingforwater.Tbebird,stillseeking vengeance’askedson]efrogstogetintoabigdrybole andcroakfron]there.Tbeelepbant,tbinkingtbere waswater,rusbedtotbebole,{ellintoitandwas

killed.Sotbebird,woodpecker,fliesandfrogs,all bun]blecreaturestogetbercoulddestroyapower{ul anin]alliketbeelepbant.Minoritygroupscansin]ilarly cbangetbedestinyo{tbeworldifonlytheyspeakout witbonevoice. L•

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g GAININGCONTROL OV正RMOODS

〃OOαsCα〃Cγeαteα〃〃〃p／eα5α〃tαt川O叩力eγe／〃JOαe軔凸e亙／αeSe叩oS川gα〃〃gb允C巳

E刪刪畔辦鰓:腳刪:‘鰓

soastogaincontrolovertben]andtoavoiddoing thingswen]igbtregretlater.V/benunderen]otional stress,wesboulddefern]akingirnportantdecisions. W/henweareangryorinabadn]ood,wecannotsee ortbinkclearlytocoInetogood,well-considered decisions.Attbeotberextren]e,wbenweareelated

andfIusbedwithhappiness,wetendtoben]ore accoI]odatingandlessobiectiveinourt}]inking.

96HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

Anydecisionsreacbedduringsucbperiodsarelikely tobebiased.TalKesoInernon]entstoallowtbenIind

tocalIdown·AnalysetbeprobleIns.ThinktbeIn over.Decisionsoriudgen>entsn1adewitbacalInIind uninfluencedbyn]oodswillbelessbiasedandbetter· CbangesinIoodsarereflectedonourfaces.Verify tbisbylookingatanIirror.Itisincidentallyagood wayofcuringourselvesofoureverc}IangingIoods. ItIakesuswanttolaugbwbenweseehowsillywe lookwithascowlorsullWexpression.Ont}Ieother band,wbenwesn]ileandrelaxtbefacialrnuscles,it

bastbeef{ectofupliftingourspiritsandn]alKingus haPPy. OurchangingIoodsalsos}Iowbowtransient n]entalstatesare.Inalltbesecbanges,tbc‘ego’whicb peopletaketobeperIanentisonlyillusory,liken]ere sbadows.W/benwearebappy,sadorangry,wesay‘I aIhappy,sadorangry’.However,thisisn1erelya conventionalwayofreferringtooneself.Butwhereis tbisIwbic}IfeelstbeseIoods?Isitint}Iebead’tbe

heart,tbe‘soul’?Ifweanalyseourselvescarefully,we willseetbattbereisreallynopernIanent‘I’buta seriesofn]entalandpbysicalenergieswbicbdieas

quicklyastbeyrise.Zenn﹞asterDogensaid:‘乃s卹勿 B〃αα肋川』Jtos卹叼）o〃se呸tos加咖﹚o川﹩e〃／ⅢO 允吧α﹞o〃﹩eγα〃αto允吧α﹚o〃汀e叭stoPeγCe〃e ）o〃汀e〃αJα／／咖〃gs.’ Iftherereallywasapern]anent[I’,itwouldalways appeartbesarne,witboutcbange·V/ewouldnever growold·ItisbecausethesenIentalenergiesriseand

GAlNINGCONTROLOVERMOODS

fallsorapidlytbatweseen1totbinkoftheInascontinuousandpern]anent.V/efindithardtothinkotherwise,iustasitissobardtobelievethatactuallyitis tbeearthtbatgoesroundtbesun.Ifwecanseethe realityofourselvesasnon-existent,thenwecanseeall ouren﹞otions╴goodandbad╴asn﹞erelyhindrances alongtbepathtotheattainnIento{peaceandbarn]ony.Sucbanunderstandingcanprovideabandleto controlourn]oodsbetter.

InIagineourbodyasbeingarnotorbusandalltbese n]oodsaspassengers.Tbeyaretryingtogetint}]e driver’sseattotakecontroloftbesteeringwbeel. V/batdoyouthinkwill}Iappeninsuchasituation? Anaccidentoracrasbwillresult.Andt}Iisiswhat

bappenston]ostpeopleintbeirlives’iftheydonot knowbowtobandletbeirchangingn]oodswhich causetbeircbaractertoberatherunstable.

Youn]ustreducetbenun]berofpassengers.Drop son1eoffattbebusstopsalongtbeway.Getrido{ tbosew}]oaretroubleson]e.Getridofyouranger, greed,worry,iealousy’ill-willandsoonwbicbinfluenceyourn]oods.W/ithsucbharn]fuldistractions outoftbeway’tberewillbenoiostlingforthe driver’sseatandyouwillbeabletodriveinpeace. Youwillbein{ullcontroloftbebus.Yourbodyand n]indwillbeunderyourcontrolandyoucango w}]ereyouwantto·Youwillbetben]astero{yourself.

Thisconceptionof‘Self’causesalotoftrouble. Becausewetbinkwe}Mveapern]anentselforego,we

98HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

attacbunduein]portancetoourselves·V/egetintothe babitoftbinkingtbatourneedsaren]oreirnportant overeveryoneelse,s·V/benweseetbosebettertban weare,weiealouslyputtbeIdown.Whenweseea ricbn]an,forexarnple,wedonotfeelhappyforbiIn (aswesbould)buttrytodigintobispasttoexpose whateverskeletonsben]aybaveinbiscupboard.

Again,ifotbersarebetterlookingtbanourselvesor aren]oreskilledatdoingsoInet}]ing,webecon1e envious.Thebestwaytocornbattbesenegative{eel-

ingsistodevelopⅣ〃】Pα叻α／c／o）／intbesuccesso｛ otbers.Trytounloadtbeprideorsuperioritycon]plexwecarrywitbusinournIinds,weearnIore friendsotherwiseweinviteproblerns· TbelackofsynIpatheticloycreatesanotberfailing. I/eareunwillingtoacknowledgetbebelpwereceive fron]otbersonwbicbwebuildourownsuccess.V/e

liketotbinkwediditallbyourselves.Goodfriends areoftenlostwbenpeopledonotknow}Iowtoappreciatetben]fortbeirlKindnesses.Tberearen]any

successfulpeopleintbeworldtodaywboevenre{use toacknowledgetbebelpgiventothen]bytheir parents.Ingratitudesucbastbisn]ustbeeradicatedat allCOStS.

ConsiderationandKindness

V/beninabadn]ood,peoplearesoIetiIescruelor ill-nIanneredtowardsthoselessfortunatetbantben>-

selves.Tbeyassun﹞eafalsesenseo｛superiority.‘Jα／／

GAININGCONTROLOVERMOODS

〃O川α〃C乃αγ加凸／e’’Jα㎡α叨γ／t趴‘叨乃o允吧α﹩t乃αt 觔凸αγ凸eγ’CoO足α刎刀仍加α〃αγe川ααe㎡t乃esα川e 加川α〃﹝L﹟﹞αM﹚伽Je呸’Wbenwefailtobekindtoall Ien,wedestroyourownpeaceo{Iind.TheieweIled pivotonwbichourlivesn]ustturnist}]erealization tbateverypersonwenIeetduringtbedayisadignified n]en]beroftbebuInanrace.

W/het}Ierouractso{considerationforothersbe

largeorsnIall,tbeprincipleistbesan]e·Thosew}]o treatanenIployeewitbtactanddiploInacywillgoa longwaytoIakehin1bappy.Abappy,Iotivated en]ployeeisofgreatvaluetoanyorganisation·The needtobeconsideratetootherbeings╴burnanor aninIal╴canbestbeillustratedbyastory. 斗斗:卜斗斗:卜

Do〃αγ川加〃toα叫肋／咽‧Once,alKingwaslearning theartofcbarioteeringfronIaIasterborsen>an. Assoonashiscbariotarrivedatanopenfield, tbekingstartedtouset}Iewhipinaracewitbbis teacber,evenbeforebisborsehadachancetowarIn

up.Verysoonbefellbehindtben]asterborseIanand couldnotcatchupwitbhirnnoIatterbowhardhe tried.Thisn]adethekingfurious.HesunI]onedtbe n]asterhorsernan:‘ItappearsyoubavenottaugbtIe tbebestslKillsindrivingachariot!’ ‘YourMaiesty,’tbeIasterborsernanreplied,‘I taug}Ityoualltbeskillsofdrivingacbariot,butyou baveoverusedthenI.Wecbarioteers}Iavearule:we n]ust{irsttakeintoconsiderationtbeborse’stotal

1••HOwTOLIEwITHOUrFEAR&wORRY

conditionandtbenactinaccordancewitbit.Wben

youfellbehind,youbecan]esoanxiousthatyou wbippedtbehorseInadlywithoutanyconcernforits well-bcing.YourMaicsty,youonlycaredaboutbeing firstandbadnoconcernforyourhorse.T}latiswhy youfellbehind.’ •p•D•p•••P•p

■『◇f＜『■『＜『◆『

ActingOutofCoⅢpassiontoAⅡ

‘See尼〃oM﹚α〃伽sJO咖γ肋α〃勿加〃g叨Oγ吻㎡it. See走l﹚Z尸Pi〃e甽〃咖／O﹚／㎡α〃卹叨l﹚劬Js〃o妳αo〃e’’ tauglIttheBudd}Ia.Hereisafundan]entalbasisofthe artofsocialinteraction.HereisanIoralteachingof bunIanfellowship,notofabstractfaithHereisaconceptofpersonalgrowtbandt}Iecreationofbappiness 1nanysoc1ety·

Son]etin]espeopleactoutofangerandbatredeven whentbeyarenotinfluencedbynIoods.Tbehistory ofthebun]anracewouldbavebeendifferent,ifkind-

nessandconsiderationbadbeenpractisedatalltin]es. However,tbroughoutl]istory,Inanisseento}]ave beenn]oreinterestedininflictingsufferingtbanin alleviatingit.Tbisisastrangefactwhicbisdifficult tounderstand.Lookaroundforourselves.Albert

Einsteinsaid,‘Ⅷe叨oγ／α／Stooαα〃geγo川to／／De／〃’ 〃OM,eαⅢe㎡Pe叩／e甽oαo刎∕凸〃M,eα川e㎡尸e叩／e 叨凸Os立α〃α／α／M﹚‘J〃e〃‧’ Dueton]an’sfoolisbnessandignorance,}]ecannot fathon]thepainbeinflictsonot}]ers.Poorandhelp-

GAINlNGCONTROLOVERMOODS

>•1

lessanin>alsarebeingtorturedorkilledbythes0calledcivilisedn1enintbeirpursuitofsportand adventure·TbepoorandinnocentarecallouslyexploitedtogratifyandsatisfytbecravingsofIodern society.Son]anybavetosuf{eranddiefortbeentertainn]entandpleasureofafew. ItisbadenougbtostrilKeatade{encelessaniInalor toexploitanotberbuIanbeing,buttolaugbandtake deligbtatsucbinhunIanactivitiesistorevealtbe weakeranddarkersideo{theburnanpersonality· PoolisbpeopletakedeligbtincoIIittingevilwitha falsesenseo{pleasure.Painisacon]n]onexperienceof al>thatlive.W/eallfeelpain.YetinournIidst,tbere areson]ewbocanIaugbattbepainsuf{eredbyotbers. Itisnotfunnywbenson]eoneburtsbin]self.Itisalso not{unnytoseeanybodysuffer·Unfortunately, Ianydonotseerntotbinktbatway.Tobenoble, peoplen]ustrenouncet}]esedefiledn]entalstates· Tbeyn]ustlearntodevelopcon]passionandacaring }1eartforthewelfareofallcreatures,greatandsn>all.

I• THEPRESSUREAND PL晅ASUREOFBRⅡNGⅡNG UPCHIDREN

〃叨e乃αtje〃ote叩γeⅢαo〃gγαt／川αe亡oor乃eγs允γ t乃eiγJeγU／CeJ’l﹚O叨Cα〃叨ee叩eαO〃γC乃／∕αγe〃rO5乃OⅧ 肋e／γgγαt伽αetO川β

T恃綵刪:腳;刪蕊辮盔辦 dutyo{eacbgenerationtopassontbetorcbo{civiIisationtothenext·

Mostparentsloveandcberishtbeirchildren.There isnosacri{icealovingparentlsnotpreparedton]ake fortbewell-beingandbappinesso{biscbildren. Unfortunately,n]odernn]aterialisticin{luencesand pressuresbavenown]adetbeburdeno{parenthood

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOP1•3 BRlNGlNGUPCHlLDREN

greaterthaneverbefore.Iteventbreatenstotearthe {an]ilyapart,tben]ostfundan]entalsocialstructure wbichhadbeenforrnedbytbebun]anracebeforetbe dawnofcivilization. PressureonParents

TbereareInanycausesfortbiS·Pirsto{all,tbeeconoIicpatternduringtbelasttwobundredvearsbas cbangeddrasticallyfron]agriculturetoindustry.No longerdoestbe{an]ilyoperateasaneconon]icuniton tbefarn].TbeparentsworkawayfroItheircbildren wboaregenerallyreferredtoas‘latcb-key’cbildren andonlyreturn}Ion]eafterofficebours·Thenatureof tbeirworkrequirestbeItobetin]econsciousand tbeyarerewardedaccordingtotbeirworkperforn]ance.Duringatin]eofrecession,tbeyareexposedto tbeinsecurityofeitberbeinglaido{{orgettinga reductioninpay·

Cbildrenareexposedtoawiderangeofexpectations,consun]ptionpatternsandden]andsbytbeir peersinscbooIorotberactivitiesfeaturedin

advertisen>entsthroughtben]assn]ediawbicbparents arebeingpressuredton]eet·Inaddition,parentsare son]etin]esbeingevaluatedbycriticalcbildrenwho arebettereducatedthantben>selves.Theyn>aynot evenbaveveryIuchincon]n]onwitbt}]eirchildren tostrikeasin]pleconversation·Tbisriftbetween

parentsandchildrenisknownasthegenerationgap. Thesecbangesplacegreatpressureonparents, rnanyo{whon]seen]unabletocopewitbtbepsycho-

1○牛HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

logicalden>ands.Besidesalltbese,tbetwoworldwars o{thiscenturyhavecreatedfrighteningexperiences wbichn]anybavegonethrougbandwhic}Ihave causedwbolenationstocbangetheirviewsabouta benevolentGodwhocares{oralltbecreatureshe

n]ade.Inthisageofscienceandtecbnology,sucbconceptspropagatedbyIanyreligionsbavebeenfound tocontradictn1ankind’sownexperiencesandn]odern scientificdiscoveries.

PressureonChildren

Mostparentsbavetheirworldlyexpectationsandwill feeIasenseoffailureorinadequacyiftheirchildrendo notliveuptothen].Greaten]pbasisisplacedonnIaterialisticattainn]entandscoringpointsbeforetheir friendsandneigbbours,wbilespiritualvaluesare sadlyneglectedUnfortunately,tbeircbildrenfall victiItotbesepsycbologicalpressures.Tbeyare encouragedtoexcelintbeirstudies,tosecureiobstbat paywell,toclin﹞bupthesocialladder,andtoaccu╴ n1ulateasn]ucbwealthaspossible.Manyparentsdo notplacetoon]ucbvalueonvirtuessucbasgratitude, bonesty,integrity,kindness,considerationandtolerance·Thepursuitofwealthandworldlysuccessare farnIorein>portanttot}]en]. Duetosucbsocialpressures,parents,eitberrigbtly orwrongly,andwithouttbinkingoft}Ieconsequences,encourageandevenforcetheircbildrento workbardandcon]petefortbeso-called‘success’.

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOF BRlNGINGUPCHILDREN

1•5

Tbeyin]posetbeirvaluesysten]sontbeircbildren whoareunderpressuretobesnIart’tobepopularand toexcel.TbeyareundertheinIpressionthatsuccess n]eanstheabilitytocornpete,conquerandquell opposition,ignoringt}Ieneedtoestablishaninner harn]onywithoneself· W/hethertbecbildrenbavetbeinterestornot,they areexpectedtoattendclassesoncon]puters,n]usic, ballet,swirnn]ing,andsoon,underthernisguided belieftbatsucbactivitiesareveryin]portantfor successandhappiness.Tbereisnotbingwrongin pursuingsuchbealthyactivitiesiftbecbildrenare interested,havetberequiredtalents,oriftbeyare rneanttoenricbtbeircbild’sawarenessoftbeIselves andtbeworldaround.Theculturalactivitiesand

accon>plisbIentsarenecessarytoIakeabunIan beingn>orecultured.Aricberunderstandingoftbe beautyoflifeshould}]elpchildrenbeconIen]ore understanding,n1orecon]passionate,andappreciative oftbebeautyofnaturearoundthen]. Itisnatural{orparentstoseetbeirownfeaturesand cbaracteristicsreflectedintbeirchildren. 』少』P』P』夕』■』■ 0■0■0﹑0﹑0℃0c

My凸eα〃tyα〃α﹞o〃凸川加‧GeorgeBernardShawwas onceapproachedbyaseductiveyoungactresswbo cooedhin]inhisear:-‘Wouldn’titbewonderfulifwe

gotnIarriedandbadachildwithn]ybeautyandyour brains?’GeorgeBernardShawwhowashardlya handsornen1anreplied:‘Mydear’thatwouldbe

>•6HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

wonderfulindeed’butwbatifourcbildbadIny beautyandyourbrains?,Tbeactresswbodidnot needn]uchpersuasioniustspedo{f. 0•0

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ItisinIportanttodifferentiatebetweenwbatis necessaryandwbatisnot·Successandbappinessdo notlieinn]asteringsucbacconIplisbIentsalone. Parentssbouldnotplacethecbildrenundersucbpressure╴tobebrilliantbeyondtbeircapabilities,tobe

leaderswbentbeyarenotreadyforleadersbip,orto bestaratbleteswhentbeybavenosportingattributes. Asaresultofunrealisticgoals,cbildrenarepren]aturelyforcedintoaworldofadultpressuresand responsibilities.Tbeoutcon]e:tbeyarealwaystired andlistless.Tbeyarenotabletoenioytbecarefreeli{e o{cbildbood.Thesepressuresbavealsotbeundesirableconsequenceofgivingrisetoen>otionalinsecurity intbeiradulthoodLetusnottransferouraIbitions totben]androbtben]oftheircbildbood.

RecognisingPotentials

Aparentsbouldbeawareo{thepotentialwitbinbis cbild-ofwbatbecanaccoIplisbintbe{utureinbis ownwayandinbisowngoodtiIne.Cbildrenarenot n]atureenougbtoplanfortbedistantfuture.Youcannotexpectaprin]aryscboolstudenttosetbissigbts ongoingtouniversity,decidingbiscareer,orabout bisIarriage.Butonetbingiscertain·Tbereisno

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOF BRlNGlNGUPCH<LDREN

1•>

sucbthingasa‘uselesscbild.’EveryhuIanbeingbas sonIetalent,sornepotential.Anacaden>ically‘stupid’ cbildIaybeborn‘natural’inn]otorn]echanicsor cooking.Itis,tberefore,tbedutyofparentstorecog╴ nisewbatacbildisgoodin,bisaptitudes,topay particularattentiontosucbgiftsortalents,and encouragethecbildtodeveloptbernforthegoodo{ societyandtbecbild,ssenseoffulfilIent.Trytotrain thecbildrenaccordingtotbeirn1entalitytodosornetbingw}Iichtheycandofortheirliving· •0 qP •

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A尸oⅧe咖／允’7γz〃血允γγeC加ZInoneofthe】ataka stories(previousbirthstoriesoftbeBuddha)thereis anan]usingstory·Onceuponatin]etbeBodbisattaor Buddba-to-bewasawellknownteacberwbousedto

in]partbisknowledgebygivinginstructionforbigber studies,sincetbeproperinstitutesofhigherlearning wererareattbattin]e·Intellectualteacbersusedto

accornn]odateafewstudentsatatin>eandtaug}]tthen] art’languagesandson]eotherirnportantsubiects. Tbeyconcentratedn>oreonn]oraldiscipline,religious knowledgeandalsotaugbtt}Ien]bowtoliveharrnlesslyasgoodcitizensastbeywereveryconcerned aboutthecareersoftheirstudents.TheBodbisatta teacberobservedtbatoneoftbestudentsinbisclass wasweakinhisstudiesandtbisbadbotberedhirn

veryn]uchInsteadofapplyingpressure,bedeviseda waytoenabletbeweakstudenttoearnbisownliving. Onedaytbeteacbercalledtbispupilofhisand

1•8HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

kindlytoldhinItbathiseducationwasgoodenougb andthatt}]etin]ewasripeforbinItoconcentrateon bishouse}Ioldlifeinearningalivelibood.Accofdingly,theBodbisattateachertaughtbirnavery powerfulsecretforn]ulatorecitewhenneededThe pupilwaselatedabouttbekindgestureofbisteac}Ier. Hetbenbadehin]farewellandleftwitbaI]opesand confidencefort}Iefuture.Takingbeedofwbatbehad learnt,beconcentratednIoreontbeforn]ulagivento biIbytheteacberrathert}Iandoinganyot}Ierwork TbewordsofthisfornIulabowevergavedifferent n]eaningsaccordingtoprevailingcircuIstances. Onenight,asbewassleepingoutsidebisbouse,he beardnoisesofson1eonediggingtbegroundnearby. Insurprise,hewokeupandcornn]encedtorecitetbe fornIula.Tberneaningoftherecitalwas‘D屯g加gα〃α α屯g加g’叨勿αγe）o〃α／gg加g.’Hearingtbisvoice,tbe peoplewbowerediggingdiscardedtbeirtoolsandran awayinfear.Onl]earingtbiscon]n>otion,begotup andwenttoinvestigatewbatbadreallybappened.To }Iissurprise,besawaboxofgoldcoins.Tbetbieves apparentlybadburiedt}Ieboxaftertheirrobberythe previousnigbtandweretryingtoretrievetheirstolen goods,wbentbeygotfrightenedonbearingt}Ierecital andfled.Tbeyoungn]anwasluckytohaverecovered tbegoldcoins.TbeKingbavingheardtbattbisyoung n]anbadapowerfulforIulawbicbwbenrecited couldcbaseawayrobbers,invitedbiIntosleepnear tbepalacegate· Oneday,asbewassleepingneartbepalacegate,be

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOF BRINGlNGUPCHILDREN

1•9

wassuddenlyawakened.bytbesoundofson]eone digging.In]IediatelybestartedtorecitehisfornIula. ‘D／gg』〃g〃αα恕g加g’叨乃﹞αγe﹞o〃α屯g加gβ’On bearingthis,tbetbieveswboweretryingtorobthe palacebybrealKingtbrougbthepalacewallsgaveup t}Ieirdiggingandranaway.Hearingtbiscon]nIotion, thegatekeepersandtbeguardsinthepa」acecbased aftertberobbersandcaughtthen].Tbeyrealisedtbat tberecitingoftbeforIulabytbeyoungn]anbad belpedtbeItocatcbtbetbieves.W/hentbekingcan1e toknowaboutthisincident,heinvitedtbeyoungnIan intobispalaceandappointedbin]asoneo{bisclose attendants·

Tbeyoungn]anbeingelated,wasverybappyand dutifullyattendedtobisdutiesdiligently.Tbeking havingbeardoftbepowerofhis{orIularequested tbeyoungn]antoteacbittobin].TbekingconI]itted itton]en]oryandreciteditwheneverbewasfree.On oneofsucboccasion,tberewasaplotbeinghatcbed toassassinatet}Iekinginordertousurphist}Irone. Tbecon]n]anderincbiefoft}]earn]y}Iadrequested tbebarbertocuttbeking’stbroatwbilesbavingthe latter’sbeardandpronIisedtogivetbebarberabig rewardTbenextday,tbebarberasusualarrivedwith tbesbavingkittosbavetbeking’sbeardandstartedto sbarpentherazorinpreparationforcuttingt}Ieking,s tbroatasdirectedbytbecon]Iander.V/}Iilethe barberwasusingtbestonetosbarpentherazor,the kingcoincidentallystartedtorecitet}]eforn]ulawbich nIeant:‘R〃肋／〃gα〃α川Ⅱ／〃g’／走〃o叨Ⅷ／U／﹚／o〃αγe

11•HOWTOIVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

γ〃川／〃g,.Thebarbergotasbockandfainted.Tbe kingwasbowevernotawareoftbeplottoassassinate biIandsoaskedt}Iebarberwbattbernatterwasand

wbatbadbappenedtobin].Totbeking’ssurprise,tbe barberrevealedthesecretandbowbehadbeenasked

tocuttbetbroato{tbekingbytbecon]n]anderin cbie{.In]n]ediatelyt}]ekingsun]n]onedbiscabinet andpassedtbedeatbsentenceonbiscon]n]anderin cbiefandtheyoungn]anwbotaugbtbin]thesecret recitalwasn1adethecoInInanderincbiefinplaceof bin]. ◇㎡

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Ifteacbersandparentstrytounderstandtben]ental capacity’tbeintrinsicn]entalbabitsandtbepotential talentso{tbeircbildren,tberewillbenodifficultyin trainingtben]tobegoodcitizens. Parentsrnustre-evaluatetbeirpriorities.Itbas becoIe{asbionable{orparentstocornparetheacadeInicacbieven]entsoftbeircbildrenwitbotberparents. ByallIneansencouragetbecbildtoexcelinbis studies,butacbildsbouldnotbeevaluatedonlyon thebasisofbisacaden]icacbieven]ent.W/en]ustaccept bin]forwbatbeis,andnotwhatweexpectbin]tobe. Yet,tbisiswbatallparentsareunconsciouslyguilty o{·Allthisdoesnotn]eanparentsshouldallowt}Ieir childrentogrowupwitbouttrainingortoaiIfor exce}>ence.Tbeysbouldbeencouragedtoexcel,a{ter takingintoaccounttbeiraptitudes,inclinations,and

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOF BRINGlNGUPCHlLDREN

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abilities.HunIanbeingsarenotallbornequal,so parentsn]ustrecognisetbeirchildren’spotentialsand belptben]toexcelintboseareasinwbicbt}]eirpoten-. tialisstrong. Parentssbouldtrytorecognisetbenaturalabilityof tbeircbildreninsteadofirnposingtbeirideasonthen]. Notallcbildrenareborntobeengineersanddoctors. Yet,wbengiveneveryencouragen]entandsupport, tbeiraptitudeswilldevelopandtbeycangrowtotbeir {ullestpotential. •P

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‘Deαγ允肋eγ’戶∕eαse’ Cα〃e川e可﹞Ⅱ川川tj B〃tPoαUMs肋eg吮I叨αM,o川叨觔’ 〃Jαg吮Iα／α〃oM﹩走允γ

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112HOWTOLIVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

Parentsshouldensurethattheirchildrenbe

givenagoodeducation,andalsobeequippedwit}Ia strongetbicalandn]oralcodeofconduct.Itisonly witl1goodetbicalandspiritualtrainingthatachildcan growtorealisehistruepotential·PrancisStory,tbe learnedBuddhistwriter,says:肋O叨∕e‘／ge右〃eeαeα允γⅧαes㎡〃叻e叨oγ／α’

〃e伽α㎡O〃!J〃eeαeαtOγeα此eⅣ!Ⅱα〃』M,／／ssJ

s加伽o川吻）／MeCeJJαⅣ允γ凸Otl﹚.

Parentshavetoteachandguidetbeircbildrennot onlybypreceptbutalsobyexanIple.Teacbtben1bow tofulfiltbeirdutiesandresponsibilitiesandtoshow tbeirgratitudetoeldersandparents.Itisbyexan1ple tbatcbildrenlearnandren1en]berbest. ●伊

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B冠yzg凸α吠肋e凸αS尼α‧Oncetberewasayoungcouple wholivedwit}]tbe}]usband’sfatber.Tbisoldn]an

wasverytroubleson]eashewasalwaysbadten]pered andneverstoppedcoIplaining.Finallythecouple decidedtogetridof}]in].T}Ien]anputbisfat}]erina largebasketwbicb}Ieslungoverbissboulder.Ashe waspreparingtoleavethe}]ousethen]an’sson,alittle boyagedtenaslKed,℉ather,whereareyoutaking grandfatber?’TbeIanexplainedthatbewasgoingto leavebinIforawhileoutint}IenIountainstofendfor

hin1self.Tbeboykeptsilentashewatchedbisfather

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOF BRlNGlNGUPCHILDREN

113

walkingawayandsuddenlyheshouted,‘Patber,don’t forgettobringtbebaslKetback’Surprised,tben]an stoppedandaskedtbeboywby?Tbeboyreplied’ ‘W/ell,I’llneedthebaslKettocarryyouawaywben youareoldyourself.,T}]en]antbenquicklybrought bisfatherbaclKtothehouseandeversincetookcareof biInwellandattendedtoallhisfatber’sneeds. ••P•

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T}]erearesonIenarrown]indedparentswhocon]nIit certainiIIoraltbingsandusevulgarwordsatbon]e. Parentsn]usttakespecialcarew}]entbeyaregoing todoson1et}1inginthepresenceoft}1eircbildren. Tbefollowingpoen]onraisingc}]ildrenoffersson]e practicalpointsontbeartofraisingcbildren.

吁α咖∕α／jUe‘叨劬亡o／e甽Ce 乃e／eαγ川tO凸epα㎡e〃t‧ Zfα咖∕α／／ue﹩叨肋e〃Co〃川ge川e〃t 乃e／eαγ川cO峨αe川6 吁α咖／α加es叨肋p川／Je ／﹚e∕eαγ川tOz〃γeαα亡e. 〃α咖／α∕岫s叨奶允!γ〃e卵 l﹚e／eαγ川／川tZCe‧

Zfα咖∕‘MⅧ’叨觔seC〃叼乃e∕eαγ川tO乃αUe允肋. 〃α咖／α／iZje﹩叨ir／M〃川α／乃e／eαγ川tO／／走el﹚／川se呸〃α咖／α／加s叨肋αcC叩tαⅢeα〃α介／e〃αs妳／﹚e∕eαγ川to犬〃α／ozje／〃tl﹚e叨oγ／α.

11令HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

Manycarefreeparentsallowt}Ieircbildrento bebaveastbeywishwithoutiIpartingt}Ien]any n>ora>guidance·Itisquestionablewbetberparentscan succeedinteacbingtbeircbildrenaftertbeyreacb adulthoodw}Ienitistoolate.Insteadofdaydrean]ing aItbedaylongpositiveactionsbouldbegivenin teacbingt}Ien]love,respect,harn]onyandaboveaIlto becitizensoftbeworld.

Onesourceofworry{orparentsistbetbougbtthat tbeircbildrenarenotveryobedientorfi>ial.They worrytbattbeircbildrenwilInotcare{orthen]when theyareold.Tbeyalso{eartbattheirchildrenwill bringtben]shan]eandunbappinesstbrougbtbeir nIisbebaviourtbusspoilingt}Iegoodnan]eo{tbe fan1ily.Asarule,parentalloveisgreaterthanfi}ial love.OnecannotexpectinIn]atureandinexperienced cbildrentobeasdutifu}andlovingastheirparents· Untilandunlesstbeythen]selvesbecon]eparents, onlytbenwi}Itheyrealisetbevalue0{parentsand theirlove·

Therearecaseswhereparentsbavegiventbeirbest toeducatetbeirchildrenandteacbtben>goodvalues, buttheseeffortsbaveallbeentbrowntothewind

duetotbestubbornandrebelliousnatureo{their

children.Tbereareson]eincorrigiblechildren,born totbebestofparents.Insucbevent,parentsneednot beren]orsefuIastheybavealreadydonetbeirparental dutiesexpectedo{tbeIn.Parentsshoulddevelopan understandingtochangewhattbeycanandtoaccept wbattheycannot.

THEPRESSUREANDPLEASUREOP BRlNGlNGUPCHlLDREN

ll5

KbalilGibranbaswrittenafewrneaningfullinesfor

parentstoconten]plate,astowhoyourc}Iildrenare: Y○〃γC乃／∕αγe〃αγe〃Ot）／O〃γC乃i／αγe〃. ⅧC）／αγet乃eso川α〃αα〃g仇e汀㎡／i／b’’ ／o〃g／〃g允γ加e呸

‘川O／Co川et乃γⅢg川Ⅲ凸川〃ot介o川）o〃. A〃α肋o〃g仇凸e）／αγe叨肋﹚o〃）／αtfU／凸e／o〃g〃o㎡o）∕o〃. Y○〃川叫g／uet乃e川）／o〃γ∕oDe 如t〃ot）／o〃γt乃o〃g伽’ 凡γ肋e）／乃αUe肋e／γO叨〃t乃O〃g加. Y○〃川〃s加Z∕etO凸e∕／走et乃e川’凸川see足〃OttO 川α足et乃e川∕／足e）／O〃. TbeBuddhabadt}]esan]et}]ingsaidintbeDbarn-

n]apada.Apersonwitblin1itedwisdon]n]ayt}]ink tbathiscbildrenandwealtbbelongtobin].Buteven behin]selfisnotbisown,wbatnIoretospeako{ childrenandwealthHowcanhebelievethatheowns

then1whenbecannotcontrolorpreventt}Iechanges tbathischildrenandwealtbwillbavetoundergo. Son]eparentsplaceden]andsont}Ieirn]arried cbildren,whohavetheirownproblen]s,andarc thernselvesundertren]endouspressureinsociety. V/henparentscon]plainabouttbeirchildren’singratitudeitonlysucceedsinkeepingtben]awaydueto guiltandsban]e.Butifparentsdevelopthevirtueof equaninIity,theywillren]aincaln]andnotn]ake unduedenIandsontheircbildren.Tbiswillbringa

116HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

greatersenseofclosenessandunderstandingbetween parentsandc}Iildrenandcreatetbedesiredonenessin t}]efan]ily. ParentsinModernSociety

Oneofthesaddestt}]ingsaboutn]odernsocietyisthe lackofparentallovewhichchildreninhighlyindustrialisedcountriessuf{erfronI.W/}Ienacouplegets n]arried,tbeyusuallyplantobaveanun]berof children.Andoncethechildisborn,parentsare n]orallyobligedtocare{orbin]tot}]ebestoftl]eir ability·Parentsareresponsibletoseethatacbildis notonlysatisfiedn]aterially;thespiritualandpsyc}]ologicalaspectsareveryirnportanttoo. Tbeprovisiono{n]aterialcon]{ortisofsecondary in]portancewl]encon>paredtotheprovisionof parentalloveandattention.W/eknowo{n1anyparents {ron]t}]enot-so-well-to-dofaInilieswho}]ave

broughtupt}Ieircbildrenwellwithplentyo{love.On tbeother}]andn]anyric}]{an]ilieshaveprovidedevery n]aterialcon]{ortfort}]eircbildrenbut}]avedeprived tbeIofparentallove.SuchclIildrenwillgrowup devoidofanypsychologicalandn]oraldevelopn]ent.

Read‘ParentSAndChildren’byNaradaThera(BMSPublication）fo『amoredetailedtreatmento｛thcsubiect.

ⅡⅡ

THErEAROFDEATH

‘L旋is甽ceγtα／〃’αeαt加sCeγtαi〃., ～〃﹚eBαC此汲﹚α～

‘刀﹚e叨Oγ／α／J Z／〉α／α㎡αeα毗to川e立凸γ／〃gJ凸／f＄＄.’ ～Gα〃／／VbJ〃α尼～

O昱:勰麴聖絀鰍I懾Iib刪鰍

facetbisinevitable,naturalpbenoIenonwbetherwe likeitornot.Tbesoonerthistrutbisaccepted,t}Ie betterwewillbeabletodirectourlivesforagood purpose.Actually,wearedisturbednotsonIuchby

llsHOWTOlⅣEWlTHOUTP叵AR＆wORRY

deatbitseI{,butbytbewrongviewwehoIdo{it· Deathinitsel{isnottbatterrible;wbatisterribleis

tbe{earo{deatbtbatprevailsintbernind· OurIi{e-spaniscontroIledbyourbioIogicalclocks whicbarecontinuouslytickingaway.V/bentbeyrun out,sooneror}ater,thereislittlewecandotogain extratirne.Onceourtirneisup,weInustbeprepared togothroughtbenaturalprocesso{deatb. Aveterannurseoncesaid,‘Ithasalwaysseen>edto n]eI]aiortragedytbatsoIanypeoplegothrough li{ebauntedbytbe{earo{death-onIytofindwhen it{inalIycon]estbatitisasnaturalasli{eitself.Por {ewarea{raidtodiewbentbeygettotheveryend.In aInyexperience,on}yoneseen]edto{eeIanyterror -awornanwhobaddonebersisterawrongwhicb wastoolatetosetrigbt.’ ‘Sornetbingstrangeandbeauti{ulbappenstoInen andwon]enwhentbeycon]etotbeendoftberoad. AIear,allborrordisappears.Ibaveo{tenwatcheda looko{bappywonderdawnintbeireyeswbendIey realisethisistrue.Itisallparto{tbegoodnessof Nature.

Astbefan]ouspbysician,SirI/il}ian]Osletputsit, ‘Inn]ywidecIinicaIexperience,n]ostbun]anbeings diereallywitboutpainor{ear.’ CoIningtoTernIswithDeath

A}Ihun]anbeings,irrespectiveo{sex’orrace,creed, willhavetocon]etoterInswithdeath.Tbereisno

THEPEAROFDEATH

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alternativeescape.Deatbisaninevitableprocessof thisworld.Itisnotoftentbatwearebraveenough tocoInefacetofacewitbthetbougbtofourown nIortality.Yet,n]anisnotfreeinlifeunlessbeisalso freefronItbefearofdeath

乃凸M加／α㎡叼／〃g／﹩／／足e凸e／〃gz／γα／α㎡伽αγ﹣ α／〃gα〃o／α叨oγ〃-o川gαγ川e〃t. ～GbJ〃C汲﹚／～

Itishardtobearthelosso{peoplew}]on]welove becauseofourattacbn]enttotbeIn·Tbishappenedto Visakhaawell-knownladydevoteeduringtbetinIe oftbeBuddba.W/benshelost}Ierbelovedgranddaug}ItersbevisitedtbeBuddbatoseekadviceinber sorrow·

‘Ⅵsα觔α’叨O〃／α）／O〃／旋etO凸αZ／eαJ川α叫sO川α〃α

g川〃α＄o川α＄t乃eγeαγe叻／／αγe〃加t伽toⅧ㎡’α5走eα 叻eB〃αα／M.‘Ye﹩’S／γ,／叨0〃∕α』〃αeeα／’

‘B〃肋O叨川〃﹞咖／αγe〃α／e血／加刀咖﹩to叨〃β’ ‘seDc川么s／γ.ⅧetO叨〃叨〃刖eγ介ee介O川咖／αγe〃勿／〃g’sJγ.’ ‘乃e〃’Visα觔α’／〃Ⅷ叻ααJe叨o〃／α）／o〃d）／允γα／／㎡叻e川βⅥJα觔α’肋oJe刎o乃αzjeα加〃αγeα咖〃g＄凸e∕OZ／eα’t／﹚β）／乃αZ∕eα伽〃αγeαsOγγO叨＄.He叨乃O凸αs 〃o咖〃g凸e／oueα’l﹚αs〃oJoγγoⅧ‧S〃c乃Pe汀o川αγe βee介O川so〃oⅧ

V/henwedevelopattac}In]ent,wealsonIustbe

lz○HOW丁OLⅣEWlTHOUTPEAR＆WORRY

preparedtopaytbepriceofsorrowwbenseparation takesplace. Tbeloveoflifecanson]etin]esdeveloparnorbid {earofdeatb.V/ewillnottakeanyrisksevenfora right{ulcause.V/eliveinfearthatanillnessoraccidentwillputanendtoourseen]inglypreciousperInanentworldlylife.Realisingthatdeatbisacertainty, wehopeandprayforthesurvivaloftbesoulinheaven {orourownsecurityandpreservation·Suchbeliefs arebasedonstrongcraving{orcontinuedexistence. Accordingtopsychologicalstudies,n]ucbn]ental stressiscausedbyourrefusaltofacefactsandaccept li{e,srealities.Tbisstress,i{notovercornecaneven-

tuallyleadtogravepbysicalillness.Certainlyworry anddespairoverillnesswilln]akeitworse.W/ecannot pickandcboosetbekindofillnesswedesire,norcan wechoosetbesuitableorauspicioustin]etodie.But wecancertainlychoosetofaceillnessanddeatb wit}Ioutfear.

Peoplearefrigbtenedofdeadbodies,butintbetrue sensetbelivingareinfactfarrnoredangerousthan deadbodies.Deadbodiesdonotbarn]us’buttbe

livingarecapableo{doingenorn]ousharn]andcould evenresortton]urder.Soisitnotafoolishbelie{,for

peopletobea{raidor{rightenedofdeadbodies? WbatiSBirthandDeath?

Manneednothaveto{eardeatb.Birtbanddeathare

liketwoendsofthesanIestring.Youcannotren]ove

THEFEAROFDEATH

121

oneendwhilewishingtokeeptheotber.T}Ien]ystery ofbirtbanddeatbisverysin]ple.T}]ecoIningtogetber ofn﹞indandn﹞atter╴alsoknownastbefiveaggregates 〒iscalledbirtb.Theexistenceoftbeseaggregatesis calledlife.Thedissolutionoftbeseaggregatesiscalled deathAndtberecon]binationoftbeseaggregatesis calledrebirtb,andsotbatcyclewillgoonrepeatedly untilsuc}Itin]easweattainthebliss{ulstateofNibbana.

Therearen]anywaystointerprettbissinIpleand naturaloccurrencecalled‘DEATH,.Son]ebelieve

thatdeat}]n]eanstbecon]pletedissolutionofabeing witboutal]ereafter;soIeot}1ersbelieveintbetrans·.

n1igrationofa‘soul,fron]onebodytoanotber;andto otbersitn]eansindefinitesuspensionoft}]esoul, waitingfortbedayofiudgn]ent.ToBudd}]istsbowever,deat}]isnotbingn]oretbanaten]poraryendof tl1istransientpbenon1enon.Itisnottbeendoftbissocalled‘being’· Eacbandeveryindividualsbouldbeawareoftbe roleofdeathinbisorberdestiny.V/betberroyaltyor cornn]oner,richorpoor,strongorweak,arnan’sfinal restingplacewitbint}Iislifeiseitberinacoffinlying buriedsixfeetundergroundorinanurnorstrewn overthesea. ／』

{

Allbun]anbeingsfaceandsbaretbesarnefate.Due toignoranceoftbetruenatureoflife,weoftenweep andwailandson]etin]esevensn1ileandweepagain. W/henoncewerealisethetruenatureoflife,wecan facetbein]pernIanenceofallcon]ponentthingsand seekliberation.Untilandunlessweacbieveour

lz2HOWTOLlV<W<THOUTPEAR&WORRY

Iiberation{ron]worldlyconditions,wewillhaveto facedeathoverandoveragain.Andinthisrespect, too,theroleofdeatbisveryclear.I{aperson{inds deatbtobeunbearable,thenbeshouldn]akeevery endeavourtoovercornethiscycleofbirtbanddeath PeacefuIDeath

Everyonehopesanddesirestobaveapeace{uldeatb a{terbaving{ul{illedhislifetiInedutiesandobligations.Buthown]anyhaveactuallypreparedthen]selves{orsuchaneventuality?Hown]anyforinstance havetakentbetroubletofuI{iltbeirobligationsto t}]eir{an]ilies’lovedones,friends,country,religion andtheirowndestiny?Itwillbedif{icult{ortben]to diepeace{ul}yi{tbeyhavenot{ulfilledanyoftbese obIigations· I/esbould{irstand{oren]ost}earntoovercornetbe

{earo{deathwhichnotonly}]un]ansbutalsogodsare subiectedto.Letnottbepresentn]on]entescapeus. Thosewbohaveallowedfleetingtin]etopassaway {rivoIouslywillhavegoodcausetolanIentwbenthey {acethen]selvesnearingtheendoftheirlives· I{peopledepart{rornthisworIdwithout{ulfilling

tbeirob}igations,whatevertbeyn]aybe,tbeirbirthas bun]ansinthisexistencewouldbeinvainasithad beenneitherbeneficialtothen]seIvesnortothis

world·Tberc{ore,weshouldnotneglectourduties andthusprepareourselvestofacedeathbravelyand

peace{u}ly.Andoneday,wewillbeabletoattainthe

THEPEAROFDEATH

lz3

idealdeatblessstatewherewewillbefreefron]all

suf{ering. Itisin>portanttorealisethatweareborntotbis worldtodoson]eserviceforthewealandbappiness ofnIankind·W/ewillberen]enIberedbybun]anity n]ore{orwbatwebavedone{orrnankindtbanwbat

wehavedoneforourselves.TbeBuddbasays,‘Man,s bodywillturntodust,buthisin{luenceandservices rernain·’Thiscanbeseenintbetangibleacbieven]ents oftbeexen]plaryworkso{greatn]enwhicbstill reIainwitbustotbisday,belpingtosbapeourway o{li{eeventbougbtbeyarenon]orelivingan]ongus· Inasense,wecouldregardthen>asstillbeingwitbus asatestin]onyo{tbeirvaluableservicesrenderedto n]ankind.

V/benpeopleseetbeirownlivesasbeingonlya dropinanever-{lowingriver,theywillbenIovedto contributetheirlittleparttotbegreatstrean]o{life.Tbe wiseknowintuitivelytbattolivetbeybavetowork {ortbeirliberationbyavoidingevil,doinggoodand puri{yingtbeirn]ind. Peoplewbounderstandlifeaccordingtot}IeTeachingso{theBuddbaneverworryaboutdeath ••

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IαfeαtMbJ﹚.DavidMorriswasawellknownWestern BuddbistscbolarwlIodiedattbeageof85.Soonafter bisdeathtbispresentwriterreceivedaIetter{ron]bin] (obviouslyhebadwrittenitearlierwitbinstructions

12斗HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

forittobepostedonbisdeatb.)Itwentlikethis,‘You willbebappytoknowthatIdiedtoday·Tbereare tworeasonsfortbis·Firstly,youwillberelievedto knowtbatn]ysufferingfroInthesicknessbasfinally ended.Andsecondly,sinceIbecanIeaBuddbistIbave faitbfullyobservedtbefiveprecepts.Asaresultyou knowtl1atnIynextlifecannotbean]iserableone· ■少

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AccordingtoBuddhisrn,deathisnottbeendoflife buttbebeginningofanotberlifewithinSanIsara.I{ youdogood,youcanhaveabetterfuturelife·Ont}Ie otherband,ifyoudonotwisbtoberebornagain,you willbavetoeradicatetbecravingforexistenceand otberdefileInentsfron]yournIind. DeathisInevitab>e

Itisratberparadoxicalthatalthoughwesooftensee deatbtakingtolloflives,weseldonIpausetoreflect tbatwetoocansoonbesinIilarvictin]sofdeathWitb

ourinatestrongattacbIbnttolife,wearedisinclined tocarrywitbusthen]orbidthoug}It’altboug}]a

reality’tbatdeatbisacertainty.W/eprefertoputthis awfultboughtasfarawayaspossible╴deludingourselvestbatdeathisafarawayphenon]ena,nottobe worriedabout·W/eshouldbecourageousenoughto facefacts.V/en]ustbepreparedtofacereality.Death isafactualbappening.Deat}Iisareality.

n W／HYW／ORRYABOUTTH正 FUTURE!

‘LOO足tOt肋ααy／〃jM’γiefco川’e∕／eα／／t乃etjeγ川e, ㎡eX／﹩te川e-AαiO〃》／oDe﹚tγα川iⅢ巳YeⅢγαα〕M,川

ααγeα川’α〃α亡O川OγγOu∕Z∕e／／eα.L／Ue／﹨∕Ou∕∕﹚

T刪糟;墨』二柵鄉﹩:睏腳柵 appearsocalmandradiant>TbeBuddhareplied: ‘川e）JOγγO叨〃ot允γ叨／﹚αt∕J尸αJt’ 川c﹚u／eαγ〃〃ot峨eγt乃αt刎∕CⅡJ〃otCO川e’ 川ePγese川／Ⅲ!﹙〃﹜C／e川允γ咖Ⅲ. 〃e〃Ce／t∕Jt乃c）／α〃eαγJOγααiα川. BⅦαu／〃g∕o〃g／〃g允γ咖儿t〃e’

l26HOWTOL<VEW<THOUTPEAR&WORRY

印Joγγo咖〃g仍eγzM﹚αt／J尸α＄t’ 印咖﹩允o／sαγe叨肋eγeα叩

AJαC川-αO叨刀te〃αeγγee㎡.’

W/eDoNotW/orryAboutOurFuture

Peopleareoftenworriedabouttbeirfuture.Afortune te>lerwhovisitedateIplequestionedt}]en]onk, ‘Reverend,wouldyouliketoknowaboutyour {uture?,T}]en]onkknewwbatbewasuptoand replied,﹝As川o〃走J’叨Mo〃ot叨oγU／α凸o川o〃允卹γ巳’ Tbefortunetellertbensawtwogirlsattbetypewriterandaskedtben>thesan]equestion·Tbeyhad previouslyoverbeardtben]onk’srepIyandsotold hiIntbattbeytoodidnothavetoworryabouttbeir {uture.Sincet}]en]ancou}dnotgetanyonetolistento bis{ortunetelling,bedecidedtoleavetheten]ple.As beleft,tben]onkren]arked,‘ItseeIsthatyou,too, baven]issedachancetogainsoInetbing{oryourown {uture·,

Tbesecretofbappy,success{ullivingliesindoing wbatneedstobedonenow.V/esbouldnotworry abouttbepastandtbefuture·W/ecannotgobackinto thepasttoundotbetbingswebavedone·Norcanwe anticipateeverytbingthatn]ayhappenintbe{uture duetoconditionsintbeworldwbichareconstantly

cbangingandunpredictable.Thereisbutonen]on]ent o{tiIneoverwhichwebaveson]econsciouscontrol-

‘tbCpresent!’ TbisTrutbbasalwaysbeenrecognisedbyalltbe

greattbinkersinthisworldo{ours.Theysawtbatit

WHYWORRYABOUTTHEFUTURE!

l2>

isfutiletolivewitbn]en]oriesoftbepastandwith drean]so{t}]efuture,neglectingt}]epresentrnon]ent anditsopportunities.Tin]en]oveson·Letusnot standidlybyandseeourbopesforsuccessturninto nIen>oriesoffailures·Itlieswitbinourpowertobuild son]ethingtoday.TheBuddbabassbownustheWay ton]aintaincbeerfulnessthrougbcontentn]ent.Tbe tin]eisnowandtbecboiceisours.

Kalidasa,agreatIndianpoetandplaywrightwrote thefollowinglinesinSanskritonthesin]pletrutbof livingintbepresent: ‘凡γ）／e5teγαα）∕／M,川ααγeα川, A〃αtO川Oγγo叨o叼Ⅱ／s／O〃’ B肌tOα‘D／﹚叨e／∕﹣∕∕Ueα’川α走eseZ∕eⅣ）／esteγαα）∕ Aαγeα川㎡／M〃／〃Ⅲ》 A〃αeDeU／tO川OγγO叨 AD／’／o〃㎡l﹚OPeα〃α／o）／. LOO走叨e∕∕t乃e〃tO咖Jαα﹚／.﹚ W/orryingAbouttheFuture

Manypeopleworrywhentbinkingabouttheirfuture. Tbereisnoreasonforpeopletoworryi{theybave learnedtoadiustt}]en]seIvesaccordingtothecircIstanceso{theirdaily}ife.Inaddition,theyshouIdalso takeadvantageo{wbatispossibIeatpresent.Tbe abilitytosbapetbecourseo{one’slifecanon}ybe exercisedinthepresent,nottbepastorfuture.Only intbepresentcanonestoporstartdoingatbing· I/batevercastlesbebuildsintheairandwhateverdre-

128HOWTOLIVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

an]sbebasin}Iisn]indwillcon]etonaugbtif}Iedoes notbingaboutit. Hewboissubservienttotbefuturebecon]estbe

playtbingoffortune·SonIepeopleareintbebabitof consultingfortune-tellersandastrologerswbenfaced witbworriesordifficulties·W/biletberearesorne

astrologerswbocanrnakegoodpredictions,t}Iereare alargenun]berofunscrupulousIenouttoIakea fastbuckbypretendingtolKnowbowtoforetelltbe {uture.PeopIewhogotosucbfortunetellersaresubconsciouslynIasochisticandlovebearingtbatthe futureboldsn]iseryfortbern.Portunetellersare quicktoassesstbepersonalitiesoftbeirclientsand generouslyobligetben]witbterrifyingtalesofthebad lucktbatwillbefallthern.Tbesegulliblepeoplespend tbeirn]oneyonritualsandso-calledcbarn]sand anIuletstoavoidtben]isfortunes.Ontbeot}]erhand,

wbentbeyaretoldtbatsonIegoodluckwillcon]e tbeirway’theyspendlargesun]sofnIoneytowinat gaIblingorlotteries.Ineithercase,‘Afoolandbis n]oneyaresoonparted’· ChangingOne’sFortune

Peopleworryunnecessarilyovertbeirhealtb’farnily, incoIe,fan]eandpossessions·Tbeytrytornaintain

stabilityintbatwbic}Iisinberentlyunstable.Tbe n]oretbeyworryabouttheir{uture,tbeIoretbey losetbeirconfidenceintheirlivesanddevelopselfisb desires.Hewboisconstantlytryingtochangehis

WHYWORRYAB0UTTHEPUTURE|

129

conditioninlifeknowsnopeaceofn]ind· Asuffererwbobelievesinfatewilltbink,‘Tbiswas

preordained,tbiswasallottedton]ebyGod;there{oreIn]ustpraytoGodandaskbin]tocorrectIny wayoflife,.Hen]ayspendn]oretin]eforprayingto tbeextentofneglectingbisdaytodayduties· IfwebelieveinKan]n]a,wewi!lreasonasfollows,

‘Tbisistheresulto{n]yownactivitiesinprevious livesorinthisli{eitself.In]usttrytorectifythe balancebyn]akingtheef{ortindoinggoodandby

strengtbeningtbernindthroug}In]editation.Indoing so,tbeunfavourableeffectofcertainkan]rnic{orces

canbesubduedandhecangainsuccess. ‘Ⅷeγeαγe〃OJtαγ5叨乃∕Cl﹚叨eCO〃∕αtγ川t’

Ⅷeγα5〃og〃／α／〃g／／gl﹚t》

A〃α叨e走〃O叨t乃αt叨e川川t

BegOO‘Mw川M’eγ杪t.’ ‘Do〃oM﹚αγ走凸αC肘o咖〃gⅢl﹚αM﹚αue尸αsJM’ A〃αCl﹚eγ劬咖允t川e〃ot）／αCo川巳 B川叨l﹚O叨肋Z／∕J／O〃C／eαγα〃5ee﹚

Ⅷe尸γese刀t叨乃／C／M叻eγeα〃α〃O叨, MC／﹚α叨／JeO〃eJ乃O〃／αα叩iγetO叨川’ W／﹚αt〃eUeγα〃凸e∕Ost〃Oγs乃α走e〃.﹚

Insteadofworryingunnecessarilyabouttbe{uture, dowbatcanbedonenowinn]aking{ulleruseo{your potential.Ren]en]ber,tbepresentistbecbildo{tbe past,andtbeparentoftbefuture.

PARTIII INGREDIENTSFORHAPPINESS

B HOW/TOHNDREAL HAPPINESS

‘H∕!〃／〃ess’﹚sα／αL旋﹚‘／Jα叨叫ⅧαγαPγ』Ze’ 乃凸e叨o〃勿川e〃叨肋尸α㎡e川s加叨〃g｝ fMf叻eγαce）O〃乃αUeγⅦ’〃O叨尸／eα,eα川e’ A〃α戶川乃o〃’t乃egoα∕』Sαtt乃e卹γ〃i〃g.’

D二!僩縣!鯽縣淵刪!I職嫵

weall,witboutexcept1on,wantto}1avebappiness, althougbtbeideaofwbatconstituteshappinessand bowitcanbeobtaineddiffersfroInpersontoperson. Onewritersays,‘Happiness,asviewedbyrnost people,isanIucbsougbtfordestination·ItissonIetbingtobe·ItissoIetbingtobecorne·Totbisunfor-

l3斗HOWTOUVEWlTHOUTP【AR＆WORRY

tunatelot,happinessistbeendo{tberainbow,tbepot o{gold·Tbeyspendali{etiIecbasingrainbows.Tbey n]igbtaswellcbasetbeirownsbadows{ortbeysball never{indintheexternaltbatwhicbonlyresides witbin.’

Happinessisintbeiourney’notintbedestination. Hα〃﹚／∕＄乃e叨／﹚O乃αJ／q／﹜）α〃‘／〃o凸∕eα聊γαnO川〃α〃WJ乃e￠叻o』Je川／咖〃g咖∕如eJ㎡α／∕叻oJe α凸O〃M﹚∕川’〃αP〃!J乃e叨乃Oα∕∕O叨sO叻eγstO∕jUe 戶eαC咖／0叨肋o川α加川凸∕〃g咖ⅢHZJ〃W叻et叻o ／Jco〃tγi伽t／〃gso川e咖〃gto川α走et肋叨oγ∕αα凸αtcγ 尸／αCe／〃叨阮C仇O／／De.HZJ〃w叻eZM﹚Oseu／Oγ足’ZM﹚OJe C乃OγeJ’甽Oseαα／0tαJ走jαγe／α凸O川J㎡∕oU巳Hα〃wJ 乃e叨乃O／OUes／OUe‧Hα〃﹚／／s乃eⅧ乃O!Ⅷα〃）／. AIIn]encraveforbappiness.Tbeyworkbardday andnighttogainbappiness,eveni{itisknowntobe fleeting·Yet,despitetbeirstriving,theyareo{ten furtberrathertbannearertowbattbeybavetriedso hardtowork{or.V/byistbisso> TheSearchforHappiness Modernlifeisastruggle╴astruggletogainn﹞onetary rewards,con]fortandIuxury.Insteado{bringing

happiness,tbislifesty}ebringsanxietiesandstress. Tberearein]portantn]on]entsineveryone,sli{ewben alln]aterialthingsareo{littIeva}uewbencornpared totben>entalorspiritualioyo{detacbn]ent{ron] worldlythings. Inlivingalay}i{e]tbeiInportanceofeconon]ic

HOWTOFlNDREALHAPPlNESS

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welfareforleadingagoodlifecannotbeunderstated. W/esbouldnotpretendthatpeoplecanbehappyi{ theyarestarvingandlivingundernIiserableconditions.PovertyandlivinginsluIareascanstifle buIan}Iappiness.ItisawretcbedlifeintbesluIsif alargefan>ilybastolive,eat,s>eepandprocreatein onesnIallbut·Thewretcbednesso{tbeenvironn]ent

andthedesperatelivesoftheresidentsthereincan oftennIakesucbareasabreedingplaceforviceand bitterness╴unlessitcoⅢprisesacon﹞rnunityofsaints wboseekpeaceinpoverty. However,itisusefultoreIernbertbatwealtband

poverty,bappinessandn]iserv,areallrelativetern]s· Onepersonn1aybericbbutunbappy;anotberrnaybe poorbuthappy·W/ealthisablessingi{rightlyand wiselyused.Butpartofthetragedyoftbepooris tbeirselfisbdesireforn1aterialtbings.Iftbeircravings arenotfulfilled,tbeylivewitbresentn]ent.Tbe tragedyoft}Ierichistheirinabilitytoriseabovetheir wealth.Tbeyclingtot}Ieirwealthfoolisbly.Hence happinessisnotfoundineithercase,withtbepooror tberich.

SonIepeoplethinkthatagoodandcongeniallife partnerisasourceofhappiness.Itn]aybesotoson]e extent.Otberpeoplethinkthatcbildrenareanotber sourceofbappiness·Buttbesearenotstableconditionseitber.AlifepartnercandieorleavetbenI,wbile son]ecbildrencouldbringn>oresorrowtbanbappinesstotheirparents· W/esbouldlearntobecontentedandbappywitb

136HOWTOLIEWITHOUTPEAR&WORRY

wbatlittlewehavewbicbbasbeenbestowedonus.

W/esbouldevenbebappyandcontentedwitbourpresentstateofbeingeventboug}Iwearenotfortunate enougbtobeblessedwithtbeleastofourbun1ble expectat1ons· ▲占

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ACl﹚i／t〃它SS叨旅.Tberewasonceapoorcbildless couple.Altbougbinallotberrespectstbeywere bappy,tbewifebadaverystrongIaternalinstinct andshedesperatelywantedtobaveachildofberown. Tbebusbandsuggestedtbattheyadoptonebutshe wouldn’tbearofitsayingtbatitn]ustbeberown {lesbandblood.Tbeytriedallsortsofren]ediesbut notbingseeIedtoworkTbewifebecaIen>oreand n]oredepressedandtbestress,anxietyandsenseof inadequacy,becan]eoverpoweringandbegantoaffect berIentalbealtb.Graduallybowevertbebusband begantonoticeacbangeinber.Sbepretendedtobe pregnant,wbeninfactsbewasnot。Tben,oneday wbenbereturnedboIne,befoundberradiantly bappy,cuddlingalittlebundle.Heexan]inedthe bundleandfounditwasnotbingn]orethanalittle blockofwood.Sbecherisbeditn]ostdearlyshoweringitwitballbern]otberlyloveasi{itwereareal baby.Sbewentt}]rougbtben]otionsofcaringforber ‘baby’’dressingitupasan]otberwoulddo.Sbeeven n]adeacosycotandrockedber‘baby,tosleepwbilc sbesangasoftlullaby.Infactsbebegantobebave

veryIucblikeacbildplayingwitbadoll.Tbe

HOWTOFlNDREALHAPPINESS

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busbandbecaIeveryworriedaboutlIiswife,scondition,andbetook}Iertoconsultawellknown

psychiatrist.Nowthisexpertstudiedhercasecarefullyandn]adeastartling,tl1ougbveryhurnandecision.HeexplainedtotbehusbandtbattbewoInan hadfinallyfound}1appinessbyin1aginingwbatshe couldnotgetinreality.Headvisedtbatdeprivingber oftbathappinesswouldbe{arrnorecrueltbantrying togethertobebave‘rationally’andthrowawaythe blockofwood. ■︾

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W/eseeberethatson1etin1esourdecisionsregarding otberpeoplernustbeguidedbyt}Ieheartratberthan tbecoldintellect·W/ecouldalson]entioninpassing thatifwecraveforanythingbeyondreasonitcan af{ectusn1entallyandupsetoursenseofbalance. Congenialconditionsinone’spolitical,econoIic andsocialenvironn]entarein]portantforone’s}]appinessinasociety.SirPbilipGibbsinhisbook,W/ays ofEscape,says,‘V/bathun]annatureistryingtofind, initseternalquestforbappiness,isson]esysten>of governrnentandsocietywbichwillgivetoeveryindividualafullandfaircbanceofdevelopingbispersonalitytotbeutn]ost:byinterestingworkandnot toon]ucbofit;bysecurityforbin]sel{andbisfan]iIy andbisfellow}]un]ans;asensitiveandgenerousbeartedn]ancannotbebappyifn]assesofhunIan beingsaresufferingaroundbin];byadecentn>inirnuIofcon]fort,andbylibertyofthoughtandaction

138HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

restrictedonlybyacodeofbonourwbicbforbidsbiⅢ

tobeburtfultobisneighbours·Intbatlibertyof tbougbtandactionhebasbiscbanceofadventureand

deligbt:ofbecoIingawareofbeauty,penetrating {urtberintoknowledge,gettingn]oren]asteryover hirnsel{andbissurroundings,reacbingouttoeverytbinginIifewhichiswortbbavingfornIindand body.,

Buddbisn]teacbestoadoptbarnIlessandrighteous n]eanstogainbappiness·Thereisnon]eaningintryingtoenioyone’sbappinessbycausingsu{{eringto anotberpersonorotberlivingbeings·Tbisisinkeepingwitbtbeadviceo｛tbeBuddba:‘B∕esseααγet乃e）／叨乃oeαγ〃tl﹚e』γ∕／ue肋ooα叨肋o〃M﹚αγ刎〃got乃e汀‧’ IngredientsforHappiness

Inbuildingabappy,purpose{ulli{e,wesbould exerciseourcon]passionandwisdoI,tbetwowings tbatcanflyn1antotbesun]nIitofhun]anperfection. I{wearetodeveloptbeen]otionalaspectneglecting tbeintellectuaI,wewillbeconIegood-beartedfools, wbiletbedevelopInento{ourintellectualsideattbe neglectoftbeen]otionalwilln]akeusbard-bearted intellectualswitbnofeelings{orotbers.Accordingto tbeBuddha’con]passionandwisdon]n]ustbedeve>opedioint}yforrnantogainliberation.Goodlifeis inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge. V/hatiscon]passion?CoIpassionislove,cbarity, kindnessandtoIerance.Itisactingoutofloveand

HOWTOFlNDREALHAPPlNESS

139

concernforallthatlive,especiallywhentbeyarein un{ortunatecircun]stances·

AndwbatiswisdoIn?W/isdon]isseeingtbingsas tbeyare,andactingoutthenoblequalitiesoftbe n>ind.V/benaIanseesabeautifulwon]anandis

attractedtoher,hewisbestoseeheragainandagain. Hederivespleasureandsatisfactionfron]berpresence·However,wbenthesituationcbangesandbe cannolongerseeber’benIustnotactunreasonabIy andbebavefoolish>y.Tbisunsatis{actorysideisafact o{bun]anexperience.IfbebasnounrealisticattachInentorselfishclingingtoher,bewillberelatively freefron]tbatsuffering·Intbep>easuresofli{e,tbere arepainsandsorrows.W/hilethereisnodenyingtbe happinesstbatpeoplederivefron]sensepleasure’t}]e natureo{sucbpIeasureisbrie{anddoesnoto{{er lastinghappiness.Therealizationoftbis{actis wisdon>.

Theingredientsforhappinessaresirnple.Happinessisastateofn]ind.Itcannotbefoundinthe

n]aterialtbingsaboutus,sucbaswealth,poweror fan]e.Thosewhospendalifetin]ebarvestingand accun]ulatingInorewealtbthant}Ieyneedwillbe disillusionedanddisappointedwbentbeydiscover,

onlytoolate,thatalltben]oneyintheworldcannot buyagrainofhappiness.Thesearcbforpleasurernust notbecon{usedwitbtbesearcbforbappiness.Pleasureisapassingsbowanddoesnotofferlasting happiness.Pleasurecanbebougbt,butnothappiness.

1牛○HOwTOLIvEwITHOUrFEAR＆woRRY

HappinesscoInesfron1witbin,basedontbe{oundationofsin]plegoodnessandclearconscience. Nooneisbappyunlessbeiscontentedwitbbin]-

self.TbequestforIentaltranquillityisonlypossible througbrnentalcultureorn]editation.Tbereisso n]uchtodo,andsolittleisdone.Onlytbrougbselfanalysisandpurificationwillourlatentseedsof virtuesbeabletosprouttorevealourdivineaIid hun]annature.ItisnotaneasytaskItrequiresperseverance,detern]inationandeffort.

HZJ〃／〃esM﹩α尸e咖川e﹞O〃αⅢOt戶o〃O〃ot乃e汀 Ⅷ觔o〃gαt／〃gα允叨αγ叩﹩o〃）／Ⅱ汀e呸 Ifyouwanttolivepeacefullyand}1appily,allow otbersalsotolivepeacefullyandhappily.Unlessand untilyouadiustyourselftoliveaccordingtotbese nobleprinciplesyoucannotexpectbappinessand peaceintbisworld.Andyousbouldnotexpectgratitudefron1ot}1ers.DaleCarnegiesays,‘Ifwewantto findhappiness,letusstopthinkingaboutgratitudeor ingratitudeandgivefortbeinnerioyofgiving.Ingratitudeisnatural,likeweeds.Gratitudeislikea rose.Itbastobefed,watered,cultivated,lovedand

protected.’ Itisnotinrnan,snaturetoappreciateanythingthat con]estobin>easily.Howeverw}Ient}]esethingsare takenawaytbenonlydoesheappreciateit.Tbeairwe breatbeandourvitalorgansarealltakenforgranted andweevenabusetbeI,soIetinIesuntilitistoolate.

HOWTOFlNDREALHAPPlNESS

l令1

I/esbouldnotbelikea{isbwhicbdoesnotknowthe va>ueo{wateruntilitistakenouto{it.

凸ee〃川）／O凸Je〃αt／O〃’Jα）／sA凸γα乃α川 L／〃CO／〃﹚ ‘tl﹚αt尸eO尸／eαγe∕川tα凸O川αJ乃α〃）／αⅢ乃e）／川α走e叩 t乃e／γ川／〃αJtO凸e.j ‘／t乃αJ

Youcannotbopetogainhappinessandpeaceby sin]pIypraying·You}]avetoworktogainsuchblessings.BeIie{inGodandprayingforblessing{orprotectionisusefu}butyousbouldnotforgettolockt}]e doorwbenyougoout{ron]tbebouse.Becausetbere isnoguaranteethatGodwilllookafteryourbouse untilyoucon]ebackYous}Iou}dnotnegIectyour responsibilities.Ifyouactaccordington]oralprinciples,youcancreateyourownheavenrightbereon earthButwhenyouvioIatetben],youcan{eelthe bell-fireonthisearthitsel{.Peoplewringtbeirbands andgrun]bIewhentbeydonotknowbowtolive accordingtotbenaturalandcosn]icIawofIKaInInaand createaIoto{tbeirowntroubIes.I{eachn]antriesto

leadarespectabIeli{easagentIen]an)wecanaIenioy realbeavenlyblissintbisworId,withoutwaitingto dietoenioyit.Thereisnoneedtocreateaheaven elsewheretorewardvirtueorahelltopunisbvice. Virtueandvicebaveinevitablereactionsintbisworld

itself.Oneofthen]ostbafflingquestionsn]ankindis facedwitbiswbethertbereareplacescalled‘beaven and‘beII,inexistence.PeopIebavenoclearunderstandingontbisconcept.

】令2HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTPEAR＆WORRY

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wbosefavouritesubiectforbispreacbingwas‘beaven andbell,.Oneoft}Iedevoteeswhowasgettingtired o{listeningtot}Ien]onk,sconstantrepetition,oneday stoodupandasked:‘Telln]ewbereisthisbeavenand bell?Ifyoucannotanswern]e,Iwillcallyoualiar!, Tben]onkbeinganinnocentpersonbecan>eafraid. Insteadofansweringhekeptsilent.HissilencenIade tben]anevenn]oreangryandhesbouted:‘Speakto n]eorI’llbeatyouup!’Then]onkquicklygathered biswitsandreplied,‘Hellisaroundyounow,witb

youranger.,Tben1an,realisingthetrutb,calnIed downandbegantolaugb.Hetbenasked:‘W/bereis heaventben?’towbichthen]onkreplied:‘Itisnow aroundyou,witbyourlaugbter.,Heavenandbellare wbatwenIakeo{ourlives·Heavensandbellsexistin

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W/hereisHappiness?

WberedoweIook{orhappiness?‘V/itbinyou,,says tbeBuddha·Nobodywilldenytbatbappinessisthe Inostdesirablestateo{being.Happinessisnotson]e-

thingwbichsin]plybappens.Happinessisastateo{ consciousnesstbatdoesnotdependuponthepbysical appetitesandpassions·

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刀﹚eCo〃t例teα川α〃‘M﹚o加α〃os阮〃.AcertainOriental

kingwbowasveryunbappysougbttbeadviceofa philosopber.Tbephilosopheradvisedt}IelKingto searchforthen]ostbappyandcontentedn]aninbis kingdon]andtowearbissbirt.A{teralongsearcbtbe Kingfinallyfoundtben]an-butbebadnos}Iirt! 巳少

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AWell-knownwritersays:／γC／bγγ／〃gto肋eB〃αα／M／ Ib／O〃叨α〃ttosee咖川o﹩tCo〃te〃teα〃α乃‘叫〃）／川α〃／〃咖S叨oγ∕α’／oo足αtt乃ePγ／〃Ce／〃t乃M,eggαγS C／o咖〃g. Unsatisfieddesireistben]aincauseo{unbappiness. Getrido｛yourdesires,andyouwillbefreefroⅢ yourunbappiness.‘O〃e咖〃go〃bαoIteαc乃’’J叫s 咖B〃α肋α’‘t乃eα川e㎡J咐bγ／〃gα〃αtl﹚eⅧ〃qf CⅢαt／o〃介o川＄』《〃bγ／〃gJ川M﹩seα叨αteγbαjo〃etα咖’

so﹫﹩川）／teα咖〃g叨／﹚∕C乃αeα／S叨肋S’〈βbγ／〃gα〃α加 cⅢαt／O〃／叨／／／‘乃o叨）／O〃咖戶αw〉O川叻e甽γeα／tO 咖γeα∕’介o川ααγ走〃Ⅲto／杪t’α〃α介O川αeαt／﹚tO · ]

αeγ川U／.

Peaceorsatis{actionisalsodependentonones needs·DogsIikebonesbutnotgrass.Cowslikegrass butnotbones·Int}IesaIeway,son]epeople}ike exciten]entn]orethanpeace;{orotherspeaceisIore in]portantthanexcitenIent.>ustasdelicious{oodto oneIancanbecon]ebarn]{ultoanother;tben]edicine

1牛令HOWTOLⅣEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

wbicbcuresthesicknessofonecanbecon]etbecause

ofdeathtoanotber.Oneperson,spleasurecan becon]eanuisancetoanot}]er.

Happinessisarnentalstatewhicbcanbeattained throug}It}1ecultureoft}1en1ind.Externalsources suchaswealtb,{an]e,socialpositionandpopularity arebutten]porarysourcesofhappiness.T}]eyarenot therealsourcesofbappiness.Therealsourceisthe n]ind·T}Ien]indwbicbiscontrolledandculturedis

therealsourceofbappiness.Theopiniontbatn]ental tranquillityisunattainableisnottrue.Everyonecan cultivateinnerpeaceandtranquillitytbroug}Itbe purificationoftl1en]ind. Byrenouncingtbatwbicbisperisbableonearth, onecangetthein>perisbablegi{tofhappiness.

Ⅱ HNDINGPEACEAMIDST STRIFEANDCONFICT

A凸o／∕αⅢoM’eC〃eα勿川eγe∕W〃㎡〃g／m〃J〃t乃e Jα川e川αⅢeγ’叨e〃etjeγeveγ!e〃cePeαCe勿允γce凸川勿γe川ou加g咖川α川α川eqf咖Co帆∕α.

N胼鏘:雕刪爸紕細!﹛呈緇

{ron]conflict’ill-feeling,selfisbness,deceitandstrife· W/eareindireneedo{peacenotonlyinour}]oIes, officesandinourpersonallives,butalsoatglobal level.Tbetension,anxietyand{eararising{ron>conflictsarenotonlydisru戶tivebutconstltuteaconstant drainonourbeing,n]entallyandp}]ysically.HuIan beingsbavebecon>ethen]ostviolentbeingsinthis world·

1牛6HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

UnrestandGloba>Conf>ict

Today,thetbreatofglobalnucleardestructionisa realpossibility.Sbouldtberebeaglobalnuclearwar’ therecanbenosanctuaryanywbereundert}Iesunfor n]antoescapeto·V/hatan]esstbebun]anracebas landeditsel{in!Scientificadvancen]entwbicbhas

n]adepossiblethetappingofthetrenIendousenergy witbintbeatoInhasalsoendangeredtbehunIan species.Aslongasn]anisdon]inatedbyignorance, selfisbness,injustice,vengeanceandotherkindredevil destructive{orces,noonewillbesafefronIbin].

Itbasbeenrecordedthattbe‘‘blindingHasb‘‘ofthe firstaton]icbon]bonHiros}]in]aalteredtbecourseof

worldbistory.Tbeflasbwbicbradiatedfron]Hirosbin>acreatedsuffering,fear,batredanduncertainty ton]illionsoflivesallovertbeworld.Instarkcon-

trast,tbegloriouslightt}Iat‘flashedandradiated’with tbeenligbtenn]entoftheBuddhaundertbeBodhitree IoretbanZ500yearsagowasalsoofgreatsignificancetohun]andestiny.Itillun1inatedt}Iewayfor nIankindtocrossoverfron]tbeworldofdarkness

{illedwitbgreed,hatredanddelusiontoaworldof ligbtfilledwitIove,kindnessandbappiness. Tbebasicproblen]wefacetodayisn]oraldegenerationandInisplacedintelligence.Inspiteofalltbe advancesIadebyscienceandtecbnology,theworld isfarfrornbeingsafeandpeaceful.Scienceandtecbnologybaveindeedn]ade}]un]anlifen]oreinsecure tbaneverbefore.Ifthereisnocorrespondingspiritual

FlND【NGPEACEAMlDSTSTRlFEANDCONFLlCTl帶﹥

iInproven]entinourapproacbtobun]anproblen]s thenbun]anli{eitseIfwiIIbeindanger. TbeBudd}]ashowedn]ankindthewaytoanew worldo{peace,prosperityandgoodwill.Buttoday, tbebun]anracebasignoredtbistinIelessn]essage. Nucleardestructionisiuston】yabuttonaway｛o『 n]anwhobasgoneastray.Mann]ayhavegainedcontro}overtbeforceso{nature,butbeisnotincontrol

ofbisownnature.I{hecontinuesintbisway,tbereis onlyonewaybecanproceed╴alongtbepathtosel｛﹣ destructionandextinction.

Inthesearcb{orpeaceandharIony,wor>dleaders baveatten]ptedtoforrnulateinternationa>treatiesand agreen]entstopreventorsettIedisputesarnong nations.TbeUnitedNationsasaworldbodywas establis}]eda{tertheSecondI/orldV/arton]aintain

internationalorderandstability.Itn]ightnotbethe bestvebic}etoacbievetbatpurposebutatleastitprovidesaworkablesysten]wberebydisputingnations cann]eetinacivilisedn]annertosettletheirproblen]s. ThebostiIity,{earandsuspicionan]ongdi{{erent races,nationsandre}igiousdenonIinations,bowever, donotn]akepeace{ulco-existenceaneasiIyaccon]plisbedgoaLDespitetbeendlessboursofnegotiation andrhetoricattbeUnitedNations,countriesarestill

{igbtingoneanotberandceasefireagreen]entsare brokenwithin]punityandpredictableregularity· I/beredopeoplefindpeaceand}Mppinessundersucb circun]stances?Happinessneverariseswbenthereis fear.

1牛8HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

Establishn>entofPeace

Abappyandcontentedlifecannotbeacbievedifwe wasteourtin]eandenergyinconflictandstrife. Tobavepeace,weInustrenounceconflictofevery description.Theheart,oncefreedfron]sucbstrife, wiIltbenbefreetobecon]etbeinstrun]entofwelfare

thatitsbouldbe,insteadofbeingabindranceto society·Tbeinvisibleandpowerfu>nIindcanbe divertedtotbewealofn]ankind,insteadofitswoe.

Aboilcannotbecuredbyn]erClycuttingito{fwitb ablade.Tbecontan>inatedbloodwiIlonlyproduce n]oreandIoreboils.Tberootcausen]ustbeinvesti-

gated{irstandelin]inatedtoe{fectaradicalCure· Sirnilarly’fortberetobepeace,tbeheartandnIind, whicb{orn]tbebasisof}]un]anaction,s}]ouldalsobe

atrest·Tbiscanbebrougbtabouttbrougbasincere spiritualawakening。W／｝﹞atiso｛in﹞portanceisnotn﹞ere {aitbbutforpeopletoleadali{eoflove,sincerityand iusticebasedonthen]oralprinciPlestaug}]tbyreligiousteac}Iers. GoingBeyondW/or>d>yP>easures

ReligiousteacbersalwaysIaintaint}]atbun]an}Iappinessdoesnotdependuponthesatisfactionofphysical appetitesandpassions,orupontheacquisitionof Inaterialwealtb.Tbisfactisalsoclearfron]ernpirical bun]anexperience.Evenifwe}Mvealltbeworldly pleasures,wecannotstillbehappyandpeace{ulifour n]indsareconstantlyobsessedwitbanxietyand

PlNDlNGPEACEAMlDSTSTRlFEANDCONFLlCT1牛9

batred,arisingfron]ignorancewitbregardtotbetrue natureofexistence.

Genuinebappinesscannotbedefinedinterrnso{ wealth,power,cbildren,farneorinventions.These arenodoubtconducivetoson]eten]porarypbysica} corn{ortbutnottobappinessintbeultin]atesense. Tbisisparticularlysowhenpossessionsareuniustly obtainedorn]isappropriated.Theybecon]easource ofpain,guiltandsorrowratbertbanbappinesstotbe possessors.

Pascinatingsigbts,enchantingn]usic,fragrant scents,delicioustastesandenticingbodycontacts n]isleadanddeceiveus,onlytornakeusslavesof worldlypleasures·V/hilenoonewilldenythattbere isn]on>entaryhappinessintbeanticipationofasweII asduringtbegratificationoftbesenses,suchpleasures are{leeting.V/henviewedinretrospection,aperson canunderstandthe{leetingandunsatisfactorynature ofsucbpleasures’pavingtbewaytoabetterunder.· standingofthisreality. I{n]aterialpossessionsarethepreconditionof bappiness,thenwealtbandhappinesswouldbe synonyInous.Istbisafact?Apoetdisagreeswitbtbis belieftbus:

《Cα〃叨eα肋g／z∕e乃α〃j刀eJsβLoo走γo〃〃αα〃αsee W／﹚αtgα﹚／α∕JtγeJ5／W／﹚αr叩∕e〃α㎡川』Je〃／ W／﹚αt允γtⅡeLztj／s妳Cα〃尸o川. Ⅷe川／〃αα〃痂伽es’α〃αCα∕几允γ川oγe／’

I/eaIthcannotquencbtbeburningtbirsto{craving.

>5•HOWTOL<VEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

I/ecanneverbebappyi{wen>ereIyseektosatisfy ourgrossanin]aldesires,tosatisfyourneedfortbe pIeasuresof{oodandsex.Ifitwereso,tbenwithtbe tren]endousprogressacbievedinevery{ield,tbe worIdcouldwellbeontheroadtocon]pletebappiness.ButthisisobviousIynottbecase·V/orldly desirescanneverbeentirelysatisfiedbecausetbe Inon]entweobtainson]etbingwewant,wesoon becon]edissatisfiedwitbitandcraveforsoIetbing else.V/hentbechangesanddecayoccurintben]any tbingsweclingto,weexperienceunbappiness.The enioyn]ento{sensualpleasureisnotreal}Iappiness. Truebappinesscanonlyarise{ron]tbe{ullfreedon]of tben]ind·Thesourceo{bappinessisnotpbysical:it Inustbe{oundinaInindfree{ron]rnentaldisturbances.

I/orldlytreasuresarein]pernIanentbuttranscendentaItreasureslikecon{idence,n]orality,generosity, honestyandwisdon]arein]perisbable.En]otional attacbn]ent,}latredandiealousydebaseaperson;but goodwill,syn]patbeticioyandanunbiasedattitude willn]akehin]noble,evendivineintbisIifeitsel{.

Mancandeve}opandrnaintainbisinnerpeaceonly byturninghistboughtsinwardsinsteadofoutwards. Beawareofthedangersandpit{allso{tbedestructive {orceso{greed,batredanddelusion.Learntocultivateandsustaintbebenevolent{orcesofkindness,

loveandbarmony.ThebattIegroundiswithinus,and i[iswithinustbattbegreatestbattIehastobefougbt andwon.Tbebattleisnot{oughtwithweapons,but withn]entalawarenesso{a|Itbenegativeandpositive

PIND【NG匹ACEAMlDSTSTRl『EANDCONPLlCTI5!

forceswitbinourn]inds.TbisawarenessistbelKeyto unlocktbedoor{ron]whicbcon{lictandstri{easwell

aswboleson]etbougbtsen]erge. T}Ien]indistbeultinIatesourceo{a}lbappinessand n]isery.Fortberetobebappinessintbewor}d,t}Ie n]indo{theindividualn]ust{irstbeatpeaceand bappy.Individualbappinessisconducivetothe happinesso{tbesociety,wbiletbe.bappinessof societyIeansbappinesstothenation.Itisontbe bappinessofnationstbatthehappinessoftbeworldis built.

Pron>thelessonso{>ife,itiscleartbatrealvictory isnevergainedbystri{e.Successisneveracbievedby con{lict·HappinessisneverexperiencedtbrougbilIfeeling.Peaceisneveracbievedbyaccun]ulatingn]ore wealtborgainingworldlypowcr·Peaceisgainedby lettinggoo{oursel{isbnessandbelpingtbeworld withactso{love·Peaceintbeheartconquersal} opposing{orces.Italsobelpsusn]aintainabealtby n]indandIivearichand{ul{iIlinglifeo{}Iappinessand contentn]ent.

I5 MORAⅡTY:TH正SANCTⅡTY ANDDIGNxTYOrIFE

‘O凸seγu!刀g川o川／妙／J／／走eP川伽g叩α允〃CetoPγo﹣ teα）o川o叨〃乃o川eα刀α﹞o川〃e兡肋O〃’J乃o川e

αgα／川tγo肋eγS.’

M黜o紼艦刪愚紙蹴;尸獻

isthebIoodofIi{e,thensureIyrnoralityisitsbackbone.V/ithoutvirtueli{eisindanger’butwitbout loveIifeisdead·Tbequalityo{Iifeisenhancedwitb tbecultivationo{virtue,andwhenvirtuearisestbe

vesselofIoveoverfIows.Sincen]anisin]per{ectby nature,behastoIakeane{{orttodeveIopvirtue. Tbecultivationo{Inoralityisaveryln]portant

MORALlTY:THESANCTlTYANDDlGNITYOFLlPE153

aspectoflife·Manypeoplebavean]istakenideaof wbatn]oralityis.Totben]itn]eanstbeadoption ofexternaln]odesofbebavioursucbasdressing, etiquette,artificialand}Iypocriticaln]anners.Tbey {orgettbatsucbiInitativeandconventionaln]oralityis n]an-n]ade,conditionedbysocietyandis,therefore, subiecttovariationandliabletobecon1eoutofdate. Tbedressingsuitable{oroneclin]ate’periodorcivilisationn]aybeoutofplace,orevenindecentin anotberclin]ateorera.Adresscodeisentirelyaquestionofcuston],andnotadeepn]oralissue.Tbe problen]bereariseswbenconventionisconfusedwit}] validanduncbanginguniversalprinciples. Languagedoesn]alKeadif{erenceinourtbought

andactionsbutitisnotallthatdetern1inesourperception.Pood,drinksandreligiousvaluesallactas perceptualfilters;evenone’ssituationalvaluesare barrierstotrutbfulcognition· Pron]t}]esedistinctivetraditions,problen]sand aspirations,onesetofpeoplebaveatendencyto believetbatonlytbeirviewsarerealandthatevery rigbtthinkingpersonisexpectedtorespecttlIeirviews astheydo.T}Iiskindofegoisticideaisveryunhealtby.TbernaindeterIninantsofperceptionand beliefsarepastexperience,currentneedsandfuture expectatlons.

W/batisrnorality>Itistbestandardsandprinciples ofgoodbehaviourinaccordancewitbthepatbof rigbteousness.ThePaliwordforitisS//bJ·Itn]eans:

sel{discipline{ornIoraIdeveloprnent.Itirnpliesa

15午HOWTOLlVEW【THOUTPEAR＆WORRY

personaldisciplinedevelopedfron]witbinandnot

arising{roIntbe{earo{punishInent.Itisactingout o｛puren﹞otives╴outoflove,non-attacbn﹞entand wisdon],whicharestrengtbenedwitbanunderstandingoftheiIlusorynatureo{‘se>f,and‘ego’. TbereisasayingintheMalayIanguage:‘KEsα∕ αα加∕〃﹚／α〃g〃足eJα∕足e川刎∕α〃.,Itn】eans‘Regγα 凸C／bγ肋〃α’αo〃’tγegγαZ／ieγ叨αγα￡’ ••

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W乃e〃Soc71‘ztGs川α肱teαcl﹚Gγ‧Duringbisyounger days,Socratesvisitedabrothelandasbewascon]ing outo{itbesaw}Iisteacherpassingby·Tbeyoung Ianwasen]barrassedandtriedtosneakawaybuttbe teacberaccostedbirnandaskedwbybewastryingto avoidhiIn·Socratesrepliedtbathewasasban]edo{ wbatbebaddone.Histeacberadvisedbin],‘You

sbouldhavebeenasban]edo{youractionsbe{oreyou enteredtbebouseo{illrepute.Thenyouwouldhave avoideddoingthedeedwbichyouarenowashaIed o{.’ ••

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V／Ce／Seα＄i／Weαγ〃t叨肋o〃M川α＄teγ’ 叨乃eγeαJ叨γ川eγe叼川γeJα加tOγ‧ Gooα凸α伽Jαγeα獗α∕ttoαc?川γe 凸甽eαJ）／tO∕／Z∕e叨肋. Bαα／﹚α凸／tJαγEeαwtOαC叼川γe 凸刎α哪C〃∕㎡O∕／Ue叨肋.

M0RALlTY:THESANCTlTYANDDlGNlTYOFLl『E155

Moralityistbe{irststepintbepatbtowardseternaI bliss.Itistbebasicspiritual{oundation.V/itbouttbis base,therecanbenobunIanprogressandspiritual advancen]ent.Evenworseisapersonwitboutvirtue forbenotonlyendangersbin]sel{butalsoothers aroundbin>·Afterestablisbingtben]oral{oundation, apersoncanproceedtodevelophisn]indandwisdon]. Thispracticewillleadbin]{roIntbelowerlevelto theprogressivelybigherlevelsofInenta}developn]ent,and{inally,tothesun]n]ito{allattainn]entsEnligbtenn]ent. MereIearningiso{noavailwitboutactualpractice. AccordingtotbeBuddba,叻e／eαγ〃M川α〃zM﹚oαoe5 〃ot戶γαα／Je咖D力α川川α／s∕／足eαco／o〃咖∕〃o叨eγ 叨肋o川sce〃t.Tbereisagreatneed｛ortheteacbingo｛ virtuebypreceptsandexan>pIes,assbownbytbe Masterbin]selfwboservedhunIanitywithgreatcon]passion.Tben]oralandpbilosopbicalteacbingsoftbe Buddbaaretobestudiedandpractised,andaboveall, toberealised·Tbere{oren]erebookknowledge witboutcon]n]onsenseandunderstandingiso{nouse toovercon]eourproblen]s· ••

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Do〃oM’eco川e咖ueMoα〃﹚／加!y凸oo尼‧Tberewas oncean]anwboforrnedareligiouscultandpeople regardedbin]asaverylearnedperson.Hebadafew {ollowerswborecordedhisinstructionsinabook

Overtbeyearstbebookbecan]evolun]inouswitball

156HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

sortsofinstructionsrecordedtherein.Tbefollowers

wereadvisednottodoanytbingwitboutfirstconsultingthel1olybookW/hereverthefollowerswent andw}Iatevertbeydid,theyWouldconsultthebook whicbservedasthen]anualinguidingtl1eirlives.One

daywbentheleaderwascrossingatirnberbridge,he fellintot}Ieriver.Tbefollowerswerewithhin>but noneo{t}Iernknewwbattodounderthecircurn-

stances.Sotbeyconsultedthebook

‘Help!Help!’theMastershouted,‘Ican’tswiIn·’ ‘PleasewaitawbileMaster.Pleasedon’tget drowned,’theypleaded.‘W/earestillsearchinginour bolybookTheren1ustbeaninstructiononwbatto doifyoufellofffroInawoodenbridgeintoariver.

W/biletbeyweretbusturningoverthepagesoftbe holybookinordertofiIldouttbeappropriateinstruction,theteacherdisappearedintbewateranddrowned. 斗斗斗斗斗:卜

Tl]ein]portantn]essageoftbestoryistlIatwe sbouldtaketbeenligbtenedapproacbandnotslavisbly followoutdatedconservativeideas,norresorttoany bolybookwithoutusingourcon]n]onsense.Onthe faceofchangingcircurnstances,newdiscove「iesand knowledge,wen]ustlearntoadaptourselvesaccord-

inglyandrespondtotben]byusingtben1forthe benefitofeverybody.

MORALlTY:THESANCTITYANDDlGNlTYOPLlPE15>

Mora>ConductandYoutl> Itisoftensaidthatthereisadeclineintbestandardo{

n]oralityanddisciplineaIongsttheyoutbstoday. Tbiscertainlydoesnotapplytoallyoutbs,butthere aren]anywbon]aybeconfusedandrebellious.Tbeir bebaviourandbabitsviolatepublicpeacewbereby innocentpeace-lovingpeoplebavetoundergogreat hun]iliationandsuffering. Inaway,parentsaretobeblan]edfortbebad bebaviourandlackofconsiderationont}Ieparto{ tbeircbildren.Tbeirpern]issiveness,encouragedby n]odernpsycbologists,havegiventoon]uchfreedon] totheircbildrentodoastbey}ike.Tbisiso{ten coupledwithtbefactt}Iatparentsaretben]selvestoo busylookingaftertbeirownn]aterialisticneedstbat theyneglectt}Ieirchildren.Topreventn]oraldecadenceinsociety,parentslIavetbeiIportantdutyto nurtureandguidetbeircl1ildrenaccordingtoreligious andspiritualteac}Iingsfoundintbegreatworldrelig1ons.

Intheteacbingofetbicsandn]orality,religious labelsarenotin]portant.Everyreligionbasitsown n]oralcodedesignedtoregulatel]un]anconductso tbatpeoplecanlivetogetberascivilizedburnan beings.Togethert}]eycancontributetotheircon]rnunitiesw}]icl>offern]utua>respectprotection,solidarityandn]oralsupport路Itisveryunfortunate,if religionistscreatediscrinIinations,hostilityand ]ealousytowardstbeotherreligiousgroups.

>58HOWTOLIEW<THOUTPEAR&WORRY

BeingGoodorDoingGood? Inhisbook,BuddbistEtbics,Ven.Dr.H·Saddha-

tissasaid,‘Genera}lyspeaking,tberearetwoideasof n}orality:(i)tobegood,and(ii)todogood.Tbefirst istherealn]orality,wbereasthesecondn]aybeonly arneanstoanend.Onecanbegoodinordertodo good,buttbisisrare.Peopledogoodactionswbicb appearentirelyaItruisticyet{undan]entallyare egoistic,n]otivatedbyacquisitiveness,desirefor n]erit,bliss,beaven,rewardorn]otivatedby{earof resultingpunishn]entorbell.Allso-called“good,, actionsareinspiredbyselfisbnessandtotbeBuddbist tbeideao{“being,,goodistheonlytruen]orality·’ Thepersonwhoadn]itstbeeviIdeedscoIn]itted bybirnisatleastbettertbantbepersonwbotriesto iusti{yhiseviIdeeds,andwbodeniesandpretends tbatbeisinnocent.Sbakespeareexpressestbisbeauti{ulIywbenLadyMacbetburgesherbusbandbe{ore bekilIstbekingto‘凸e／／走et／﹚e／Ⅱoce〃rβo叨eγ加M,e 肋ese叻e〃t〃〃αeγ／t‧’Apersonwboisopenlyevilcan atleastbeavoided,butthebypocrite’sevilintentions arenotseenuntilitistoo}ate.

V/batsballitpro{itan]an,thoughbebericb, {ortunateandenioyinga}Itberewardso{tbepastgood kan]n]a,wben’heisnotvirtuous,cbaritab}eandbene-

volentintbispresentli{e?Heislikean]anwbolives onbiscapital,constantlydrawing{ron]bisbank accounto{goodkan]n]abutwitboutrep}enisbingit· Wbenitisallexbausted,bewilIproceedtobis{uture

MORALlTY:THESANCTlTYANDDlGNlTY0PLlFE159

existenceasaspiritualpauper·I/bon]sbouldbe blan]eforbisrniserablecondition-godor{ate? Neitber:be}]ason}ybin]selftobeblanIed. IntbebuIansituation,theagonyofchoosing wbichactiontoperforn],wbetbergoodorbad,isperpetuallywithus·InsucbcircuInstances,weshould knowtbeternIsunderwhicbourcboiceistoben]ade.

Assurelyaswaterseeksitsownlevel,sodoeskan]n]a· Giventberigbtconditions,kanIIawillproduceits inevitableresultswhicharenottoberegardedas rewardorpunis}I]ent,butonlyasnaturalcourseo{ events.Totbeweak-willed,tbeknowledgeo{tbe workingso{kaInIaservesasadeterrenttowards doingevil,wbiletothespirituaIyadvanceditencouragesbin]todogood· Tbepbilosopber,Santayana,pointedouttbatt乃e gγeαtesM哪C〃∕iwM／Me川OtJO川Ⅲ乃αⅧα走／〃gt乃e c乃o／ce凸α叨ee〃gooαα〃α刖i／αJt乃ec乃o／cM,α叨ee〃 gooαα〃αgooα’Ⅸ／benstillyoung,wedonotrealise tbatonedesirecanbequiteinconsistentwitbanotber’ Ayoungboyrnaybesitatebetweenadozendifferent pIans{ortbe{uture,butan]aturenIanwillbaveto renouncen>anycareersinorderto{ul{illoneduty. Tbesarneappliestoemotions.I/bilewecanunderstandtbeado}escentwbotransfers}]islove-interest

frornoneobiecto{a{{ectiontoanother)itisrnockery wbenagrownn]anstillacts}ikeanadolescent.Tbe n]anwhowearstheyoutb,scarefreeclotbingandt}Ie won]anwbocostun]esberen]otionsindoll,sdresses

arepatbetic{igures.Theybaveyetto}earnthathun]an

16•HOwTOLIEwITHOUrFEAR&WORRY

growthrequirestbeclosingofn1anydoorsbeforeone greatdoorcanbeopened╴thedoorofn﹞aturelove andwbolesonIeachieven1ents·

Aristotlesaid:‘Ⅷe／αeα∕川α〃tα走eJ／O）／／〃αo／〃g 危Do〃汀允γO咖γM,〃M﹚e／be／sαJ乃α川MtO凸αUeO叻e汀 toαo允uo川＄允γ阮Ⅲ’Itisoftenconsideredan﹞arlKof superioritytoconferkindness’butoneofinferiority toreceiveit.InBuddbisIn,bowever,tbegivingand receivingofkindnessshouldbedonewithequanirnity witbouttbefeelingo{superiorityorin{eriority, withoutulteriormotives,andwitboutbopesofn]aterialorspiritualreward.Intbisway,then>otivation fortbeactionisutterlypure,untaintedbyeventbe sligbtestsenseofselfisbness. ChangingOne’sCharacterThroughRe>igion

Atreeisknownbyitsfruit.Sin]ilarly,atruereligion n]ustproducepern]anentresults.IntlIissense,itis quiterigbttoiudgeareligionbyitsresults. W/henapersonbasen>bracedareligion,tbeteachingssbouldhelptoiIprovehisbehaviour.Butifbe continuestobeiustasgreedy,spiteful,andenviousas before,ifbecbeatst}]osewboworlKforbin]’orrobs

hisneigbbour,ifbesl1owsnocornpassionforsufferingfellowbeings,orattheslightestprovocation beplungesaknifeintotheboson〕ofanother╴tben tbeseteacbingsareineffectiveasfarasheisconcerned. Merebelief,enIotionalfeelingorglorificationof aperson,sownreligionrneannotbingunless}Ie

MORALITY:THESANCTlTYANDDlGNlTYOPLlPE16>

in]provesbisbebaviourandactswitbgentleness·This n]aybelikenedtoanillnessinwbicbapersonn]aybe (feelingbetter,butisnotreal}ysosincetbethern]on]etersbowst}]at}]isten]peratureisstillrising. Areligionw}Iicbenablesustounderstandbetter tbenatureoflifecanenableustoacceptthevarious forn]sofbappinessasitarisesduringthevarious pbasesofourlife.I/esbouldbeabletowelcon]etben] wbentbeycon]e,andtolettbeIgowitboutregret w}Ientbeyaregone.Tbisfactisproc}ain]edby V/illian]B!akewhenbewrote:

‘〃e叨乃oαtC乃eⅢl﹚e∕O﹚／αⅢtβ／e,﹚

L／UeⅢ〃αeγ〃／U／’s甽刀γ／se.’

Thepracticeofareligionenablesonetoundergo spiritualtransforn]ationwhicbarisesfron]witbin, ratherthanfron]without.Itisnotexternalappearance thatn]akesapersonnoble,butinternalpurification andanexernplarylife·Rank,caste’colourandeven wealtbandpowerdonotnecessarilyn]akeagentlen]an·Onlycbaractern]akesapersongreatandwortby o{bonour.

YO〃γ叨eα肋Cα〃αeCOγαte）／O〃γ乃O川e’

凸川O〃0）O川仇γ卹eα〃αeCOγαte）／Ⅲ. YO〃αγⅢα〃αeCOγαre﹚o川凸O叼’ 凸川o叼）O〃cO〃咖αα〃αeCoγαte〕Ⅱ. Moralitys}>ouldnotbetakentoappIyon>yata personalIevel,buttobepractisedbyalln]en]berso{

16zHOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

society.Portberetobepeaceinsociety,itsrnenIbers nIustnotcutspiritua}corners.Apersonrnaytbink tbatbecangetawaywitbtheperforIanceofevil deeds·HenIayevenbeteIptedtoadopttbebad n1oralvaluesglorifiedonTV.Butnobodycanescape tbeconsequencesofhisevildeeds,andnosocietycan bepeacefulaslongastherearesucbpeoplearound.

Inaddition,fortberetobepeaceandbappinessin asociety,peopleinpositionsofpowersbouldupbold n]oralprinciplessincetbeiractionsbaveprofound e{fectsontbosewboarebelowtbenI.TbeBuddha said:

‘W／﹚e〃t乃e川／eγ㎡αcoⅡtUM﹩／川tα〃αgooα,肋e 川!川steγj咖／川eco川e／川M〃αgooα.W／﹚e〃t乃e川／〃／J﹣ te汀αγe∕川M〃αgooα’咖乃杪eγ邶c／α∕S叨／／川eCo川e

／川tα〃αgooα.W／﹚e〃咖乃杪eγ咖c／α／Mγe／川tα〃α gooα’t乃e川〃走α〃‘M∕e叨／／川eCo川e／川tα〃αgooα. W／﹚e〃肋e川〃走α〃‘M／eαγe∕川tα〃αgooα’肋e尸eOP／e 叨／／川eCo川e／川tα〃αgooα.,

I6 YOUMAKEYOURLUCK ANDDISTINY

‘Ⅱe允O∕川α）／叨αtC乃允γ∕Ⅲ勺αα）J Yα／〃C走乃eJ乃α∕／α／叨叫s川川. LⅢ走加e叭J／〃c走,sO叨〃Jtαγ W／﹚αtα〃川eγe㎡αγsαCl﹚∕eUe.﹚

～BαC∕t∕﹟MW乙J／α陀αS／O／c）∕～

B:鰓跚撫筐:【!深雅『:腳c﹟口刪且

standingofthelawo{kaIIna,worldlyconditionsand thenatureo{pbenon]enatbatpeopleattributesudden wind{alltogoodluckanddown{aIltobadluckTbe Buddbataughtustbatgoode{{ects,thatistosaygood

16牛HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

results,con]e{ron]goodcauses,andbadresultsfrorn badcausesinaccordancewit}1tbelawofkan1nIa.

W/benapersonfacestbebadeffectsofbisevildeeds perforn]edduringbispresentorpastlives,besbould notblanIeitonbisbadluckInsteaditwouldbeIore

correctforbin]tosaytbatbeisexperiencingthe ef{ectsofbisbadkaIIna.Anyonewhounderstands tbelawofkanI]awillnotn]aketbeInistakeof

believinginluckbecause}Ieknowstbatwbatever bappenstobin]istheresultofacauseorcauses brougbtaboutbynegativetbinkingandirnnIoralacts perforn]edbybinIintbepast.Tbisway,hecan understandtbatbeisresponsibleforhisown}Iappinessorunbappinessbasedonbowwellorbowbadly heleadshislife.TbereisnosucbtbingasluckTbe choiceisuptous. Don,tBlan>etheStars

Althought}IeBuddhabasnotdeniedtbeinfluenceof certainstarsandplanetsonpeople,weak-hearted peoplegenerallysuccun1btowbattbeyt}1inkaretbe influencesofsucbstarsandplanets.Tbeirin]agination andfearwillonlytendtoaggravatethealreadytense

situation’creatingfrustrationanddistress.Butall tbosewitbstrongwill-power,courage,intelligence andself-con{idencecansucceedintbeircareersand

overcon]edif{icultieswitboutbeingenslavedbysuch influences.LucIKandskilfulnessarecloselyrelated.It

allgoesbackagaintotbepoweroftben1ind,tbe potentialofwbicheveryindividualcandevelop.

YOUMAKEYOURLUCKANDDESTlNY165

Mansbouldnotsurrender}Iin]selfandgiveupbis struggleagainstrnisfortuneonthepretexttbathedoes notbavegoodluckNorsbouldbeallowbin1sel{to fallvictin]tosucbbelie{swbicbwouldonlybinderbis ownn]aterialandspiritualprogress.Evenifbiscareer isafailureduetohisbadlKan]Ina,hecanovercon]eor

atleastn]ininIiseitsbadeffectsbyn1aintaininga bealthyIindanddoingn]oregood.Hecandogood inn>anyways’inkindorbydeedwitbouthavingto spendn]oney.Hecan,forinstance,perforn]n]eritoriousdeedsbypractisingtolerance,patience,goodwillandunderstanding. AccordingtoBuddhisnI,e{fortisthen]ostin]portantconditionbywhicbonecann1odifytbeunfolding ofone’sbadkan]Ia.Bye{fortrnadetoday,aperson cancreate{res}]kan]n]a,andchangebisenvironnIent andcircunIstances.Itisalwayspossibleforoneto change}Iisownkan]n1a·Ifbisfailureisduetobisown inefficiency,inexperienceorlaziness,ben]usttryto inIprovebin]selfandlearnhowtoovercon]ehisfailure witboutblan]ingthestars,devilsorspirits.Anunderstandingofbisownnatureandanadn]issionofhis ownweaknessestobin]selfistbefirststeptowards reforn]inghirnself· DestinyisinYourHands

Tbereisnosucbtbingasinevitablefateorirrevocable destinyaccordingtotbeteachingsoft}IeBuddba.If weexanIineourownexperiencesandthoseofothers,

166HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

wewillrealisetbattbeunbappinessand suffering experiencedtodayaretheresultsoffaults tbatbad beenconIn]ittedyesterday. ﹑夕

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】b〃gαUe川e凸αα此吠’Kalidasawasa｛an﹞ousSansMt poetwholivedinIndiaduringtbetbirdcenturyA.D· Asayoungboy,bewaspoorandlivedwitbbis Inotberinasn]aIlbut{acingtheking,spalace.W/itbin tbepalacewallswasalargeorcbardo{n]angotrees. Duringtbefruitseason,thetreeswereheavywitb sweet,deliciousn]angoes.W/}]ennoonewaswatcbing,Kalidasawou>dclin1bovertbewallsandbelp hiInsel{totbeInangoes. OnedaywhenKalidasawasstealingtben]angoes, bedidnotrealisethatthekingwaswatcbingbin]fron] tbepalacewindow.Tbatn]orning,whiletbekingwas peelingan]ango,beaccidentallycutbishandSince tbecutdrewalotofblood’tbelKingsuIIonedbis V/iseIenandfortunetellerstotell}Iin>thesignificanceofthataccident.

TbeV/isen]entbougbtforawbileandaslKedtbe kingifbesawanythingunusualtbatn]orning·Tbe lKingrepliedtbatbesawaboystealingson]en]angoes {roIthepalaceground.‘Ob!wbatyourn]aiestysaw

wasveryinauspicious.Tbatboywillbringyoubad luck,’saidtheWiseIen.‘Itisgoodifyournlaiesty couldgetrido{}Iin]inIIediately·, TbekingorderedtbatKalidasabebrougbtbefore biInAstbepoortren]blingboystoodbeforetbe

YOUMAMγOURLUCKANDDESTlNY16了

king,hewastoIdthattbekinghadseenhin]stealing tben]angoesandtbisbadbrougbttbekingbad}uck Hewasaskedifbehadanythingtosaybeforebewas taIKenaway{orexecution. ‘I,n]verysorryforbringingyoubad>uck,Your Maiesty,’saidKalidasa.‘ButitisreasonabletoaIso punisbaccordinglytbepersonwbosawn]et}]is n]orningbecauseasyoucanseebehasbrougbtn]e badlucktoo.,Tbatreplysurprisedtbekingasbe realisedtbatbewasa{ooltohavelistenedtotbe

{ortunetellerswbocalledtben]se}vesI/iseIen.Bcing in]pressedwitbKalidasa,tbekingadoptedhin]asbis son.ItwasintbepalacetbatKalidasadevelopedbis literaryskiIlsandIateren]ergedasa{an]ouspoetin India. G••••

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sa}{orcesoverwhicbbebasnocontroI.Hisdestiny isson]etbingentireIyseI{-createdandseIf-earned, wbetberitis{orgoodor{orevilMancreatesbisown destinybybisownthougbts,wordsanddeeds,andbe getsback{ron]li{esoonerorlaterwbatbebin]selfhas giventoli{e.Pron]theconsequenceso{hisdeedsthere isnoescape.Hence,Inanbin]seI{istbcbuildero{bis ownlife,tbecreatoro{bis{ate,nowandintbe{uture.

Thelawo{kan]n]awbichshapestheoutcon]eo{ one,sdestinybasnosenseofretribution.Thereisno n]otiveo{punisbn]entintbatgreatuniversal{orce. Natureisin]partialItcannotbe{latterednordoesit

168HOWTOLlVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

grantspecialfavoursuponrequest.W/bensuitable

conditionsarise,tbedeedswbicbwebaveplantedwill bearresults.Tberefore,intbefaceofcalan>ities,no

goodisgainedbycryingoutagainsttbebeavens·W/e n]ustlearntounderstandtbenatureo{worldlyconditionswbicbaren1arkedwit}1uncertaintyandbeartbe seen1ingly‘uniust’sufferingwitbacaln]Iind. TbeeffectofkaIIaonone’sdestinywillnotbe uncbanging.Tberefore,theconceptofeternalsufferingoreverlastingbeavenlyblissisalientoBuddhisn>. Allstatesofbeingintbecycleofbirtbanddeath (SaIsara)arein]pernIanent.Onlywbenoneisfreed {roInrelativeexistenceinSan1saraandbasattained Nibbanacaneternalblissberealised

Theprocessofcu>tivatingspiritualn]aturity encon]passesself-trainingandn>oraldiscipline,n]entaIpurification,andleadingarigbteouswayofli{e, filledwithloving-kindness,barn]onyandselfless service.Variousreligionsgivedifferentinterpretations ofhowsalvationfroIsu{{eringispossible.Intbecase ofBuddbisn],apersoncanbeliberatedbylivingin accordancewithtbeuniversaln>orallawsandbypuri{yingbisn]ind.Hecantberebysbapebisowndestiny witboutbecon]ingover-dependentonforcesexternal tobin]self.

Asburnanbeings,wen>ustnotwasteourbun]an existencebygrievingovertbepastorpassingourtiIe inidlenessandheedlessness·Tbiswaywewillonly squanderawaytheopportunitytorealisethereal purposeofourli{eandretardourprogresstowards

YOUMAKEYOURLUCKANDDESTlNY169

conIpleteliberationfron]suffering·V/en1uststrongly beartbisinn]ind,anddogoodwhilelifelasts.By wastingourtin>e,notonlywillweIisleadotbers,but wealsornissthegoldenopportunitytoachieveson]ethinginourvaluablebuIanlife. ‘Thereisnotbinglikedestinyotbertbantbeeffect ofourpreviousefforts.Ourpreviouseffortsarecalled ourdestiny……Ourachieven]entsaredeterrninedby ourefforts.Oure{fortisthereforeourdestiny….Our previousandpresentefforts,incasetheyareincontrarydirections,areliketworaIsfigbtingagainst eachotber·Tben]orepowerfuloft}]etwoalways overthrowingtheother.…W/betbertheyarethepast orpresentefforts,itistbestrongeronestbatdeternIineourdestiny·Ineitbercase,itisnIansowneffort wbicbdeternIinesbisdestinybyvirtueofitsstrengtb …·Mandetern]inesbisowndestinybyhisown tbougbt·Hecann]akethosethingsalsohappenwbich werenotdestinedtobappen·Onlytbosethings bappeninthisworldwbicbbecreatestbroughbis ownfreeeffortsandnototbers….Oneshou>dthere-

foreovercoIneone’sun{avourabledestiny(tbeeffect o{one,spaste{{ort)bytbegreatere{fortintbepresent·Tbereisnotbingintbisworldwbichcannotbe acbievedbyn]entbrougbtberigbtsortso{ef{ort.’

（Ez／eU／咖〃gl﹚αs立M,eα〃U／’凸川〃oMueU／o〃eJeeⅢ亡. ·,

～Cb咖4αⅢ～

PARTⅣ

T晅CHNIQUESFORHAPPYAND SUCCESSFULIVING

Ⅳ SACRIHCINGFOROTHIRS, W／正LFARE

GγeαrPeoP／eα／叨α〕﹩γegαγαt乃e／γ凸o叼㎡〃eS乃〃α 凸∕OOααJ川咖∕／川t允γ咖叨Oγ∕α’JgoOα〃αM／互γ巳

D姍昱;刪搬捺繃刪﹟;g鼴芝:

theirlives.Toan]iser,hisn]oneylsn]oreln>portant· ToawealthyIan,hisli{eisn]oreimportant.Andto agreatn]an,hisprincipIesare{arn]orelIportanttban }Iisn]oneyorIi{e.Butsuchgreatpeoplearerareand on>ya}Iand{ulcanbecounted·Tbatiswbyweregard tben]asgreatpeopIe.Sornetin]es{oradheringto tbeirprincipIesandre{usingtosurrenderunderany clrcurnstances,tbeyarepersecutedbytbeir{ellow-

l7斗HOwTOlⅣEWlTHOUTPEAR＆WORRY

n]en.Socrateswaspoisoned’>esuscruci{ied,and Gandbiassassinated.

Tru}ygreatpeoplebaveonetbingincon]n]on,that is,tbeyusetbeirresources-wisdon],syn]patby, power’energy,knowIedge-{ortbegoodandbene{it o{n]ankind.TheyunderstandtbatitisnotpossibIeto dotbebigbestgoodtotheIselveswitboutalsodoing ittootbersaswelI.TbeBuddbasaidtbatonesbouId

{irstestabIisbonesel{inwhatisproper,theninstruct otbers.SucbawisepersonwilInotbeconIeren]orse{ul Apersonn]aybeveryintelligent,buti{heabusesit {orbisownsel{ishdesires,tben{ron]theBuddhist

standpointbeisconsideredtohavenegIectedbin]sel{ badly.SucbanattitudewilIbringbin>nogoodAlbert Schweitzer,tbeNobeIPrizewinner,said:‘Ⅷeo〃O o川﹩α川o〃g﹚／Ⅲ刎o叨／／∕凸etγ吻乃α〃﹚／αγet乃oJe叨乃o ∕﹚αtjeso〃g阮Ⅲα允川α乃o叨toJeγu巳 RutbSn]e>tzerwrites:

‘sO川e川eⅧγe咖／γ∕jⅢs勿α叫s〃叼eαγ＄’ O咖γ﹩勿乃eαγ㎡乃γo凸﹩﹚尸αⅧ〃α〃αteαγ’;

B刎t乃eⅢγeJt川eα川γe〃〃αeγ肋e川〃’

／sZM﹚αt／〃）／o川／旋ti川e允γOt乃e乃）／Ⅲ乃αUeαO〃巳’

ManypeopIetbinktbatrnakingsacrificesn]eans givingrnoretbantbeyarepreparedtogive·Actually, thisisnotthecasesinceeverytbingdependsonone,s perceptiono{valuesandtbedegreeofunselfishness onebasdeveIopedApersonwbobaspersonalneeds regardstben]asbeingsecondarywhen}Ieperceives

SACRⅢClNC「O｝〈OTHE｝〈S》W【L『AR【!﹥5

tbattbeneedsofotbersaren]oreurgent.Tbereisa truestorytoiIIustratetbispoint. ••

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Co〃〃o∕5o〃o叨勿乃e杠〃go肋e川Oncetberewasa doctorwho{oundeda{reeclinicwhicbopenedoncea weektoattendtopoorpatients.Ononesucbday, son]eonerusbedintotbeclinicwitbtbenewstbatthe

doctor,syoungestand{avouritesonhadiustdied. AIthougbdeepIyupset,tbedoctorreflectedonthe situation,anda{terhavingregainedbiscon]posure, continuedtoattendtobispatients. Peoplewbocan]etoknowabouttbis,wereratber surprisedatbisseen]inglycalIousbebaviour.I/hen questioned,heexplainedthus:‘Mysonisalready deadandIan]unabletoassist}]in]anyn]ore.But tbesepoorneedypatientswbocan,tevena{{ordto pay{ortbeirtreatn]entneedn]yheIpn]ore.IknowI candoson]etbing{ortben].Soisitnotbetter{orn]e tocontroIn]ysorrowandbelpsu{{eringn]ankind instead?’ 0• •

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Do／〃ggooαroo肋eγJjJ〃orα﹙／〃﹝）∕.／r／Jα尸γ／u』∕cgc’ α〃α／tg／UeJ尸／eα川γe∕Cα﹙／』〃grO凸e㎡eγ乃Cα肋α〃α 乃α〃／〃CJJ.

～Z（﹚／氧Oα﹨『／C／.～

KindnesstoAIlBeings O{tenpeopIehavetbougbtIessIy,andson]etimeseven

l>6HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

deliberately,aggravatedtbediscon>fortandsuffering o{otbers.Itistbeunculturedn>entalityinn>antbat takesdeligbtinthepainandagonyo{otbers.I{tbey then]selvesdonotliketobeburt,wbatrigbthavetbey toinflictpainonot｝Iers?TheBuddbasays,‘He叨加／OZje肋／川Jew﹚Ⅲ／α／〃／川e〃o〃e. TreatotbersasyouwouldliketobetreatedTbis goldenruleisendorsedbyallreligiousteacbers.Yet, peoplehaveoftendisregardedtbefacttbatlifeisdear toeverylivingbeing,andastestiIonytdthiscallousnessinhun]anbehaviourwecanturntotbebistoryof n]ankindwbicbis{illedwitbrnassacres,bloods}Ied

andtorture·W/ebaveseenthatforsoIne’killing}Ias evenbecon]ea}]obbyorapastiIe.Suc}]sub-buIan bebaviourbassoakedn]an,spastwithblood.Portbis reason,son]epeoplehaveregardedtbeHistoryo{ MankindastheHistoryo{InsanityandInbun]anity. ‘WeM﹚O〃∕α刀OMO〃〃tOOt乃eγJ叨乃αt叨eαO〃Ot叨M﹚

αo〃e〃〃too〃γJe∕t／es.’Thisisanoldsayingbutitisstill relevanttoday.Intbesan]ebreatbwealsoadd:‘We

J乃O〃∕ααO〃川OOtl﹚eγ5αJ叨e叨幼Ot乃eγsαO〃〃tO川.’

Thesesayingssbouldbepractisedtoovercon]etbe generallyselfishandself-centerednatureofIenwho areonlyinterestedintben]selvesandbavenotiIe{or otbers. ••

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Co〃ce加川te川oγeo〃）／0〃α〃ty‧Thereareson〕edo﹣

goodersint}IisworldwbobusytheInseIveswithotber

SACRlFlClNGPOROTHERS’WELFARE】亥﹥

people’sa{fairsandtbengetthenIselvesintotrouble intbeprocess·Haveyouheardoftbestoryoftbe donkeywbicbtriedtodotbedog’siob?Well,once tberewasaIanwboownedadogandadonlKey.One nigbtthedogkeptbisn>asterawakewitbitsconstant }IowlingandtbenIasterwassoannoyedtbathebeat uptbedog.NowtbedogwasinsoInucbpaint}Iatit spenttbewboleoftbefollowingdayandnigbtsulking inacorner.Asluckwouldbaveit,tbatverynig}It son]etbievesenteredthehouse,buttbedogdisregardeditsdutyandkeptsilent.Tbedonkeywas outside,watcbingalltbatwasgoingon·Hesaidto

bin]sel{,‘Look,n]yn]asterisasleep,t}]etbievesare robbingbin]andtbedogisnotdoingitsduty.Irnust takeovertbedog’sdutiesin]n]ediatelyandbeginto brayasloudlyasIcan.,Tbedonkeydidtbiswitba goodintentionthougbitwasnotitsduty.TbeInaster wokeup{ronIbissleep,andsbouted,‘V/hatist}Iis? Lastnigbtitwastbedog,nowitistbisstupiddonkey.’ Sosayingbegotouto{bisbed,inarage,grabbedtbe wbipandlasbedthedonkey,causingitseverepain· T}IedonkeysoonrealiseditslessonandlaIented, ‘Ah!thosewbotrytoper{orItbedutiesofotbers withoutbeingtoldtodosowillsurelygettbernseIves agoodwbipping.’ ◇夕

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TheSpiritofBenevo>ence

Li{eisprecioustoaIivingbeings.AlIbeingssbrink

l了8HOWTOLIVEW【THOUTPEAR＆WORRY

witbfearatt}]en]eretboug}Itofbeingdeprivedo{ tbeirlives.Aswedonotwisbfordeath,otberbeings alsodonotwisbforit·Aswearefrightenedattbe n]eretbougbto{deat}],soareotberbeings·Tberefore, wesbouldnotkillnorcausetokillanylivingbeing, boweversn]a}lorinsignificant.V/eIustopenupthe storehouseofvirtuewitbinusto{eel{ortbosewbo

arelessfortunatetbanourselvesandtryto}]e}ptben]. Buddbisn]teacbesusnottoburtorkillanybeing intentionally.Itencouragesustoloveandprotectall beings·I{everyoneinoursocietycanlearntobe benevolentandgrate{ul,orbereadytoreciprocate, eveninasnIallway,theIKindnesssbowntoeacb person,thenbun]ansocietywillbecon]en]orepeaceful andpleasanttolivewithHun]anrelationship,likethe Iawofactionandreaction,isatwo-waytraffic.W/ben Ioveandn]utualrespectispractisedinprivateas welIasinpubIicli{e,clashesorn]isunderstandings tbatupsetgoodwillandgoodre}ationsbipswillbe eIiIinated·

I/esbouldalwaysstrivetobelpandserveotbers. Atthesan]etiIe,weshouldnotneglecttbetraining anddevelopnIentofourunderstandingsothatwecan seetbingsastbeyareandnotwhattbeyappearto be.ThiswewillbeabletodobyusingourconI]on sense.V/henwearegoingto}Ielpotbers,itisvery in]portantforustoknowwboorwbattbeyareand tbeirattitude,inordertbatwecanbeIindfulto handIethen]witbcare.

Bewareo{whoIyoubelp.Innocentpeoplernay

SACRⅢClNC『OROTH肌S】WELPA旺l﹥9

belptbewickedbuttbeysbouIddosowiselyotberwisetheyalso{aceprobIen]sandgetintotrouble. AltbougheveryreIigionappreciatessucbservices,it Inustbedonewitbunderstanding. •=

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Be叨αγe㎡UjiC走eαo〃es.Alnanoncesawatigercaught inanet.TbetigerpIeadedwiththernantosethirn{ree buttben]ansaid,‘No,youwilleatn]eifIsetyou free.’Butthetigerbegged,pleadedandpron]isedthe n]antbatnotonlywouIdheleavebirna}one’}Iewould evenbebisprotectorforlife.Thefoolishn]anbelieved tbetigerandren]ovedthenet.Needlesstosay,the ungrate{u}tigerpouncedonhin]·Then]anscrean]ed infrigbtandt}Tisattractedtheattentionofa{oxwho can]etoseewbattbeconI]otionwasalIabout.The

n]antoldtbe{oxbowbereleasedthetiger.T}Ietiger boweverc}ain]edtbattben]andidnotdoveryrnuc}I toreleasebirn.V/hiIetbeywerethusarguing,thefox said,‘Heywait.Ian]allcon{used.I{youwantn]eto settIetbisn]atter,In]ustknowbowitalIbegan.Now, Iwanttoseewberetbetigerwaswbenyoucarne. Tben]anbegantoexpIainbuttbe{oxsaid,‘IstilI don’tunderstand.Sbown]ehowthetigerwas caugbt.,Tbe{ooIishtigerenteredthenetagain·V/hen

bewassuretbebeastwasproper>ytrapped,tbe{ox turnedtotbernanandsaid,‘Nowgoyourwayand bewareofwickedoneswbon]akepron]isestbeynever intendtokeep., q•

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l8○H0W丁0L【VEWlTHOUTP【AR＆WORRY

TbeRealConqueror

Today,peoplearetryingtodon]inateeachot}]er· Peopleo{tenstrivehard{orn]oney,powerandpositionsothattheywillbavecontroloverotbers·ItwiIl betoone,sbene{iti{wecouldon}yrealisethatitis n]oreirnportanttofirstconqueronesel{.T}IeBuddha saidthatsel{conquestisbettertbanworldconquest, andrenunciationofworldIypleasuresisbettertban accun]ulationofalltbericbesoftheworld.Everyone sbouldIakeeverye{{orttoconquerone,sanger, iealousy’pride,greedandothershortcon]ings· Courage,detern]inationandperseveranceareneeded tocontrolandovercon]et}Iesedestructiveforces. A{ewweeksbe{oreMabatn1aGandhidiedatthe

lnndso{anassassin’sbullet,bebadavisitorwbo

wonderedhowMabat『naIicouldn﹞arshalson﹞uch couragethougbo{{raiIbodyandGandhihadsaidthat

courageisnotparto{t}Iepbysiquebutofthen]ind· 川O〃g乃O〃eJ乃O〃／αCO〃〃eγα肋O川α〃αt／川esα 叻O川α〃α川e刀／〃凸αtt∕e﹚乃e叨乃OCO叫〃eγJ舢O叨〃 ,e肺Ⅲ乃egγeα川tqfα／／Ⅲ卯eγoγ￡～Gm∕〃川αBαC此泌﹚α～

I{wecanconquerourseIves,otherswilltrustand respectus{orourvictory.TheBuddbaconquered bin]seIffirstandthenheconqueredthewbolewor}d withbislove,con]passionandwisdon].Tbus,beis widelyrespectedbyBuddhistsandnon-Buddhists

SACRlFlC<NGFOROTHERS)WELFARE181

alike.Mann>ustunderstandtbatheistben]asterofhis

owndestiny.Hishappinessandsadnessareentirelyof bisownn]aking·Therefore,byunderstandingt}]is, wen]ustadiustourselvesaccordinglytoleadrespectableandpeacefullives.Todothis,wen]ustseektbe necessaryguidanceandinstructionsinarationalreligionwbicbcangiveusthelibertytotbink{reelyand wbicbdoesnotresorttoanyforIofblind{aitb. Mann]ustunderstandt}]att}]eresultshereapsarein accordancewithbisdeeds.Ifbewallowsindestruc-

tiveen]otions,bewillplacebin]selfinconstant danger·W/henbadtbougbtsariseinbisn]ind,hen]ust actwiselybycontrollinghisn]ind.Throug}Ithecultivationof}]isn]ind,hewillspontaneouslyfindbappinessandpurposeinwholeson]edeeds,speechand tbougbts.IntbebookBuddhistMeditation,VenerableDr.Vaiirananawrote:‘〃川eα／tαt／o〃oγ川e加α∕ C〃／tjⅢt∕O〃／JⅧCCeJ咖么尸O咖Uee叩γeJJ／O〃㎡〃αtα αo㎡〃g﹣走加α〃Ⅲ）叨∕〃凸e咖αγ／tj／〃g允γce允γo〃 αα／o川川αt／JtO叫’咖川e加α／α㎡卹αe﹩㎡凸e〃eⅡ﹣ ／e〃ceα〃αgooα叨／∕kzM﹚e〃／t／＄e叩α〃α／〃g／〃肋Cl﹚eαγt﹚ 川川哦〃αⅢ刪αγαe叩γeJJ／O〃／〃γeα／ααJ㎡尼加α〃eⅣ Manislivinginaworldinfluencedbyrnanyforces. Itisin]portantforhin]tounderstandthenatureof worldlyconditionssoastoknowbowtoadjustbis wayof}ife,eitbertofacetben]ortoovercon]et}]en]. Hewil}thenknowwberebisplaceinbun]ansociety is,andbowtoliveinbarn]onywitbtbeuniversallaw andotberlivingbeings.Iftbeworldiscbaotic’itis onlybecausen]anhasn>adeitso.Conversely,itis

l82HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

withintbepowerofrnantocbangethequalityoft}Ie wholeatrnospberebygeneratingbenevolentthougbts andactionswithski>l·Bysodoing,nIanwillnotonly worktowardsbisownspiritualgrowth,butalsosbare insbapingtbedestinyo{thew}loleworld{orthe bene{ito{allbeings. Hun>anValueS

TberulestodeveIopbun]anvaluesinBuddbisrnare sin]ple.Onen]ustworkbardandbeconscientious. Onen>ustnotwasteone’stin]eunnecessarily,idling

awayanddoingnothing·Evenregardingsleep,one n]ustberationalbykeepingittothen]inin]un]necessaryforhealthOneshouldnotgivelan]eexcusestbat eitberthedayistoobotortoocoldfortbeallotted worktobedone.Beconstructiveandconscientiousin

wbateveryoudo.ItwasrecordedtbattheBuddba HiIselfwastheIostenergeticandactivereligious teacherwhobaseverlivedintbisworld.DuringHis {orty{iveyearso{nobleserviceton]ankind,itwas reputedthatHeonlysIept{oraperiodo{twohours eachday.Hetravelledalloverthecountryadvising peopIebowtoleadanoblewayoflife.

‘A∕o〃g∕旅川叫凸e〃otgooαe〃o〃g乃’伽Mgoo‘M／b ls／o〃ge〃o〃g〃～Bα卯川／〃F泗〃尼∕／〃～

18 GENTLESPE正CH

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‘Ⅱ川Ⅲα∕走／〃g』sαsⅢγCeqfα甽geγ, ⅧγⅢg儿／∕e川e川／朮γtⅢe凹甽o／αeαj Ⅷetα／左α加e尸αγγot川αCαge／J5加t’ W〃e肋αⅢ乃αtα〃O㎡α／走川介ee〃’

O刪澱縣濰珊緇;鰓網﹟:I

tion.Ontbefirstdayallweresilent,andtben]editatlonwentonasscbeduled.Butwbennigbtcarne,tbe oiI-lan]ptbeywereuslngranouto{oi}andstartedto {Iicker.Aservantwasdozingo{{nearby·Oneo{tben] couldnotbeIpbutsaytotbeservant:℉ixtbeIaInp’.

18令HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTPEAR＆WORRY

Thesecond{riendwasborri{iedtobearthe{irstone

speaking.‘Husb,’hesaid,‘W/earenotsupposedto sayaword’ren]en]ber?’ ‘Botbo{youarestupid.W/hydidyoutalk?’saidtbe tbird.Veryso{tly,tbe{ourthn]uttered,‘Iwastbe onIyonewhodidn’tsayanything.’ ■伊

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ManbasbeenabIetoriseaboveanin]alsandbuild

greatciviIizationsandcon]p>exsocialsysteIsbecause o{hisabiIitytocon]Iunicatethroughspeecband writing.Noton}yisbeabletoconI>unicatewitb conten]poraries)beisalsoabletosethisideasin writingtocon]n]unicatewitb{uturegenerationslong a{terbeisdead

InIodernsociety,con>n]unicationsplayacrucial roIeinbun]anrelationsbips.Pron]birth,webavethe inbornurgetotalkandconI]unicatewitht}Iosewe con]eintocontactwitb.W/ellused,wordscanbelpus

agreatdeal.Buto{ten,wespeakhastilywitbout tbinkingaboutwbatwearegoingtosay.Likethefour {riendsinthestoryn]entionedearlier,quiteoften wewisbwebadnotsaidsornet}Iingafteritbadbeen uttered·Bythen,itistoolatesincewordsonce spokencanneverbewitMrawn.W/en>ayapologise andretracttben]’buttbedan]ageisalreadydone. Anotherwritersays,‘V/ordsarethedresso{ tbougbtswhicbshouldnonIorebepresentedinrags, tattersanddirtthanyourpersonshould.,

GENTLESPEECH

185

W/rongSpeech

Itisapparenttbatan1ongstallIivingbeings,bun]ans areknownastbebiggestliars·Youn>ustbavewitnessedtbetroubleandcon]Iotioncausedbywrong speech,suchaslies,uniustspeecb’causticren]arks’ gossip,andunfoundedrunIours· Son]epeoplecanescapeandsurviveanywbereafter cbeatingotbersbecauseoftbeirtactfulandcunning wayoftalkingwbileinnocentpeoplegetintotrouble· SopeopleInustassociatewitbtbenIwisely· ••

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W呢﹚αM﹚Z〃e〃eαto肋e凸川加『Thereisanoldstory aboutalionwbolongedtoeat}lisfavouritedelicacy, buffaloIeat.Therewasintbe{orestjustsucba buffalo,buttryasbeIigbt,bewasunabletocatcb tbistastybeast·Sobedecidedtouse}Iiscunningtoget wbat}Iewanted·Hecalledhisassistant,afox,andsaid

tobin],‘Youknow,Ireallydon’tunderstandw}]ywe liveinfearofeachotber·Pleasegoandtellthebuffalo thatfron>nowonIbavedecidedtobecon]eavegetarianandinvitebirntosharen]ydenwitbbirn.,The foxwenttotbebuffaloandconveyedtben>essage. Thebuf{alowassuspiciousatfirst,butthefoxargued t}Iattbelionwasreally}]arn]less·Afterallbadhe}]in]selfnotlivedwitbtbislionforalongtirne?Finallytbe buffalowasconvinced.Hecan]eintot}Iecave,was

courteouslytreatedandtbusassured,belaydownto sleep·ThelionwastednonIoretirne.Uponaflasbbe

l86HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

pouncedonthepoorbu{{aIoandkilledbiIwitbone stroke·Nowtbelion,sfavouritewasbuffalobrainand

thoughbewasveryhungry,alltbewaiting}Iadtired hin]·Sobedecidedtotakearestandinstructedthe{ox

toguardthecarcasswbilebeslept.Ofcourse,now the{oxalsocravedbuffalobrain,andsowhilebis

n]asterslept,heopeneduptheskull,andatetbedeliciousbrain·Tbussatis{iedbecleverlyreplacedthe skulland,withaninnocentlookonbisfacewaited{or

hisn]astertoawake.Tbelionwokeupandeagerly wenttoenioybisdeIicacybutgreatwashissurprise andangerwhenheopenedtheheadandfoundit eInpty.Puriously}IedeInandedanexplanationfron] tbefoxwboreplied:‘Master,tbereasontheskullis eIptyistlIattbisbuffalohadnobrain·Doyout}Iink ifitbadanybrainitcouldbave{al}enforyourtrick?’ ••

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TheBuddbaspokeaboutthe{ourkindsofwrong speechTbefirstislying·I/henapersongoestoa courto{iustice,orisinthecon]panyofrelativesand friends,bewouldsay‘Iknow’whenhedoesnot,and ‘Idon,tknow’whenhedoes·TosavehiInsel{,orfor

thesakeo{sonIesn]al>gain,bedeliberatelyutterslies· Thesecondisbackbiting·W/benapersonwanders bereortbere,hespreadsfalseboodaroundtocause disruption.Hebreaksupfellowship,doesnotreconcilethoseatstrife,findspleasureanddeligbtin quarrels,andutterswordstoinciteotherstoquarrel·

CENTLESP肌CH

lB>

Tbethirdisharsbspeecb.Thewordsspokenare insolentandrude,bitter{orotherstobear.Peoplc alwaysaccuseotbers,even{orIninorn>istakesyet keepquietwbentbelatterdoson]egooddeeds·One writersays:‘W／﹚e〃／α川gooαeueU／凸o勿允γgαM’川岫e〃Iα川』Mα刖eM,O叼γe川e川凸eγs.’ Tbe{ourthisidIebabbIing.Tbisspeecbisn]adebv apersonspeakingouto{turnontbingsnon-existent orirrelevant.Hisspeechisunrestrained,outo{place, tbougbt}essanddoesnotbringanybene{itwbatsoever。

Tbenexttin]ebeforewespeak,wen]usttbink be{oreopeningourn]outl]s.Tbein}unction‘Tbink be{oreyouspeak’canbeIpusavoidgettingintodisputesorarguInentsandavoidhurtingothersunnecessariIy.W/en]ustanalyseourtbougbtsandintentions be{oreexpressingtbeI.I/en]ustnotonIyknowwbat tosay,butaIsowby,wben,wbereandbowtosayit. Awisen]anknowsbowtoavoidprobIen]sbybeing care{uIaboutwbatbesays.Tbereisasayingtbateven a{isbwiIInotgetcaugbtonabooki{beknowsbow tokeepbisbigInouthsbutattherighttin]e.Thereis a{abIetoillustratethistruth D=•••

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刀,e允x叨l﹚o乃αααco〃.Oncethercwasanoldlion wbowasverybungrybutbewastooweaktogoout bunting·Howeverbebadanattendan[,a{ox,wbo }IadservedbiI{orInanyyears.Nowtbelionwas

188HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

desperatelybungryanddecidedthattbeonlytbinghe coulddowaseattbefox.But,beingtbekingofthe beastshecouldnotverywelliustpounceontbefox, sohedecidedtofindanexcusetokillbisfaitbful

attendant.Hecalledthefoxtobin]andsaid,‘Pox,I

anIgolng亡toaskyouaquestionw｝1ichyoun1ust answertrutbfully.Ifyoudon’tgivetherightanswerI willkillyou。Telln﹞e,an〕Ipleasantsn﹞ellingorfoul sn]elling?’Poxclearlysawtbetrap.I{besaidtbelion wasfoulsn]ellingthelionwouldbeinsultedandkill binI.IfbesaidtbelionwaspleasantsnIelling’he wouldbecalledaliarandwouldgetkilledanyway.So tbefoxtboughtcarefullyandreplied,‘Master,Ian] afraidyouaskedthatquestionatawrongtin>e.You see,IaInsufferingfron]averybadcoldandn]ynose isblocked,soIreallycannottellhowyousn]ell.In factIaIworriedt}]atIwillpassn]ycoldontoyou. SooutofconcernforyourbealthIan]goingtoleave youandgofarawayfron]you. Tbewisen]anknowsbowtogethin]selfoutofa

trickysituationbysayingtberigbttbingattberigbt tiIe. :卜斗斗斗斗斗

Angrywordscanbefollowedbyblows·Aperson incontroloftbesituationwillnotbeeasilyprovoked

intoafigbtortoactunwisely.Alwaysren]eIbertbat yourbattleislost,then]on]entyouloseyourbalance. Indeed,itisveryrewardingtoobserveandseetbe effectyoucangenerateonotbersbyrefusingtoallow

GENTLESPEECH

189

yourselftobeprovoked·Tbeywouldgetn]oreand n]oreirritatedbecausetbeycannotn]akeyouangry, andtbeywillrealisethatyouaretbewinner.Taketbe opportunitytostudybuIannature.Howsillypeople lookwbentheylosetbeirten]per.Sin]ilarlyyou sbouldalsorealisebowsillyyoulookw}Ienyoulose yourternper.

ActingW/iselyinTenseSituations

W/ecanavoidbeatedargun]entsbyactingwisely. Son]etin]esasituationbecon]estensebecauseofcer-

tainthingssaidordonewhicbupsetpeople.Son]e peopletakestrongpositionsinadiscussionbyraising tbeirvoiceswhicbsoonleadstothequickeningo{ everyone’sbeartbeat.Undersucbcircun]stances,we shoulduseson]etacttotrytodi{fusetheexplosive s1tuat1on。

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吁Iα川〃ot川α比加Ⅷα〃IS叫）／Ⅱαγe川ααβTbere wasaten]peran]enta>oldn>an.Hisn]oodscbangedso quicklytbat}]ewou}diokeandlaugbatonen]on]ent andtbenexplodeinangeratanotberrnon]ent.Tbis happenedveryoftenwbenbevisitedbisfriend’s

bousesornucbsotbatnIanypeopleweredisturbedby bisbebaviour·Oneday,bisfriendren]arkedthat n]aybetberewasson]ethingwrongwitb}]isn]ind. V/benhebeardwbatwassaidabouthin],tbeold

n]anbecan]everyangry·Heconfrontedhis{riendand

l9•HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

deIanded·‘V/bydidyousayI’n]Iad?,Helooked deadseriousandwasreadytostartaquarrel. Tbefriendrealisedtbatbesbouldnotbaven]ade

theren]arlK,butwbatcouldhedonow?Sincehewas

areligiousn]anbedidnotliketobaveabeatedargun>ent.Veryquicklythe{riendanswered,‘V/ell,do youknowthatI,nIalson]ad!’ Surprised,tbeoldn]anasked’‘Howcanyousay you,ren]ad?’ ‘V/ell,Iydearfriend,ifI’InnotInad,howcanI sayyou’reInad?’OnbearingtbiscleveranddiplonIaticreply,theoldn1anburstintolaughteranda potentiallybigproblen]wastbussolved. p•P•

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ItisdifficulttodiscovertbetrutbofaIatter

tbrougbargun1ents.Apersonwbopossessesoratoricalskillscanturn,twistandbidetbefactsforbisown

benefitandeasilydestroyanopponent,spointofview bytalkingbiswayout,buthen]aynotcoIeany closertotbetruthHeatedargurnentsneverbringany goodresults.TbetruthwillnevereInergefroIbeated argun]ents,orbyburtingtbefeelingsofotberswith unlKindrernarks.Peoplew}Iogetinvolvedinheated argurnentsusuallybecon]edefensiveandwillfindit bardertorealisetbeirownn]istakesandforgetthe originalissueinquestion. Ontbeotberhandwhenson]ecunningpeople realisetbattheycannoteitherdefendorhidetheir

GENTLESPEECH

19I

ownn]istakes,theywillnorn1allytrytoaccuse

tbeiropponentsbybringing{orwardcertainpersonal weaknessesorsorneotherallegationsinorderto diverttbeirattentionsotbattbeiropponentswill forgettbeoriginalcbargesn]adeagainsttben>. Ifwewishtoknowtbereal{acts,wenIusttbink

quietlyanddiscussourideaswithotberscaln]lyand gently.W/henwespeakslowly,weareincontroIo{ ouren>otions.V/benweareprovokedorouren]otions arearoused,wen]ustben]indfulsoasnottoaIow

ourselvestobecarriedawaybysucben]otionsandact foolisblyandblindly路W/en]ustnotbedictatedtoby ourangerorresentn>ent,tocon]n]itunwholeson]e

actsasaresulto{tbatprovocation.W/en]ustbein absolutecontroloftbesituationandnotallowtbe situationtakecontroloverus.Tbisistbeballn]arko{

apersonincontrolo{bin]sel{.Silentsenseisbetter

tbanfluentfolly. Itisveryun{ortunatetbatcertainunculturedor narrown>indedpeople,whenever{acedwithany n]isunderstandingorargun1entusuallyinsulttbeotber partiesbycallingt}]en]nan]esandbringing{orward tbeirpersonalnIatterssuchasrace,casteandcolourin disparagingtern]s.Tbisunpleasantandunbealtbyattitudecancreateenn]ityorbatredwhicbprevails

tbrougboutlifeandsuchanin]osityusuallyresultsin violenceandbloodsbed.

BeMindfu>ofThoughts

Thosewboknowtbenatureo{n]entaIactivitiessay

192HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

tbatonceatbougbtisn]ade,wbetbergoodorbad,it isperrnanentlyiIplantedwitbintbenIind.Itisgood toponderontbisconceptandconsiderwbichideas weshouldentertainbecauseoftbeeffectssucb

tbougbtshaveonus.

Ⅷe肋o〃g仇川α〃旅Ⅵαs咖叨oγα’ ⅧeⅧOγα川α〃吮ⅥαMl﹚eαeeα’ ⅧeαeeααeUe／OPs／川Ol﹚α肋’

A〃αrl﹚e乃α凸／M﹚αγαe川／〃tOC乃α川αeγ.

So叨αtc仇l﹚e叻o〃g仇α〃α加叨Z）／叨劬αγe, A〃α／α／t叻γ／〃g介O川／Otje Boγ〃o刎㎡Co川eγ〃允γα／川ei〃gJ. Tbewordsaboveechow}Iatt}IeBudd}1asaidmore

tban25O•yearsago:‘W/earewbatwethinkAllt}Iat weareariseswitbourtbougbts.V/itbourtbougbts wen]aketbeworld.’Thetrutboft}Iisverseistin]e-

less:itistrutbw}Iet}Ierfortbepast,tbepresentor tbefuture.

W/esbouldcultivatetbebabitofbeingconstantly n]indfulo{whatwesay.Then,wewillbeableto distinguishbetweentbosen]annersofspeecbthatcan annoypeopleandthosetbatcann]aketben]bappy· Througbthisawareness,wewillbeabletoconsider thevalueorot}Ierwiseo{allourt}Iougbts,wordsand actions.Tboughtscontrolledn]eanswordscontrolled. V/ordscontrolledn]eanactionscontrolled·Wbenall

tbesensesarecontrolledpersonsbecon]ebarn1lessand noble.

CENTLESPEECH

>93

CultivatingSkilfulSpeech

Itisin]portanttoregardourtongueastbeservant.We arethen]aster;thetonguewilldoourbidding.The tonguewillhavetosaywbatwewanttosayandnot whatitwantsustosay.Un{ortunate}y,{orIostof us,itisourtonguetbatist}Ien]asterandweareits slave.W/e}IavetolistentowhatitspeaksinournanIe andweseen]unabletostopitswagging.Theresulto{ suchlacko{controlisalwaysdlsastrous· Son]epeoplevowtoobservesilencea{terabad experienceofwrongspeecb·Theyguardtbeirtongue sothatnoevilwordwillescape{ron]theirlips.Buti{ weIiveinsociety,canwen]aintainsilencealltbetin]e? ■少

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Wecα〃〃oMⅡiα尸γo肌川se肋eγ勿tα胞〃gOγ尺e叩i〃gsi／e〃t.Oncetberewasarnonkwhobadalazy attendantboywbowouIdsIeeplateintotheIorning. Onedayhewoketheboyupandshoutedatbin]saying,‘Youstillsleeping!晅ventbetortoisesareoutof tbepond,lyingoutintbesun· AtthetiIne,an]anwbowastryingtocatcbson]e tortoiseston]akean]edicinalsoup{orbisn]otber overbeardwbatthenIonkbadlustsaidandbewentto tbepond.Trueenougb,tbereweren]anytortoises lyingoutinthen]orningsun·Hecaughta{ewo{tben] andn]adetbesoup{orbisn]other.Butbehadnotforgottenabouttben]onkIngratitude{ortben]onk’s advice,heo{{eredbin]son]etortoisesoup.Tben]onk

19牛HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

washorrifiedtoknowthatbisspeecbwasresponsible fortbedeatbofthosecreaturesandvowednotto

speakagain. SoInetin]elater,tbeIonkwassittingoutinthe verandaho{tbeten]ple.Hesawablindn1anwalking downtberoadandwasheadingtowardstbepond.He wantedtoasktbeblindn]antostopwalkingbutthen reIeIberedtoobservebisvowo{silence.W/bilebe

wasdebatingin}1isIindastowbattodo’tbeblind n]ann]eanw}]ilebadwalkedstraigbtintotbepondand wasdrencbedwet.Thisn]adetbernonkfeelverybad andberealizedthatonecannotliveintbisworld

sin]plybykeepingsilentorbytalking.V/eInustuse ourcon]Ionsensetosurviveinthisworld. ••P•

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Tbereisanarto{spealKing,andtbatis,tospeak gentlyandpolitely,notbarsblyorrudely.W/eIust

learntospeakattberigbttiIneandattberightplace onanysubiectifwewishtoavoidconflictorcriticiⅢ 丁e∕∕t乃etγ肌乃’〃o咖〃g加tt川tl﹚.B刎凸e。叨／se,仇乃e t川t乃t乃αt）∕o〃αγego﹜〃gto亡e／／／s〃叩∕eαsα川.

I9 TH狙VALUEOTLOⅥNG INDNESS

We川叫〃ot凸e,α／〃叼e〃o〃g／Mo∕仍eo〃e〃e刎eM’〃t 允γt乃e‘α走e㎡O〃乃eα肋α〃Ⅱα〃／〃Ⅲ’∕eⅢJαr／eα‘t 允咽／Ueα〃α允γgα咖Ⅲ ～Dα陀CbJ〃Z照花～

A刪::腦韹腮｝雕艦辦雕

tbattbeBuddhawasteacbingDbarnn]aatthen]onas= tery,sbevisitedHirnandplacedbersonatHisfeet forprotection.Tbeogresswastbuspreventedfron] enteringtbenIonastery.Shewaslatercalledin,and boththeladyandogresswereadn]onishedbytbe Buddba.

196HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

TbeBuddhasaidthatinoneoftheirpastlives’one oftben]wasbarrenandthatherhusbandhadarranged ton]arrytbeotherwon1an.Laterwl]entbefirstwife knewtbattheotherwaspregnant,sbeInixedadrugto thefoodandtbuscausedbertobaveanIiscarriage. TwosiInilaratten]ptsweren1ade,andonthethird attenIpttbefruit{ulwifedied.However’beforeber death,tbisunfortunatewon]an’wbowasinarage,

vowedvengeanceonthebarrenwon1anandberfuture offspring. Thustheirpastfeudasrivalwivesandthehatred theybarbouredtowardseachotberledtothekilling ofeacbotber’scbildrenintbeirvarioussubsequent <ives.Theogress’desiretokillthewon]an,sbabywas

onlyacontinuationoftbisdeep-seatedhatred.Hatred canonlycausen]orebatred:itcanonlyceasethrough love’friendsbip,understandingandgoodwill.Botb realisedtheirn]istakes,andont}]eadviceoftbe

Buddha,tbeyn]adepeacewitbeacbother. T}Iisstorytellsushowpeoplecarrytbeirbatred evena{terdeatbintotheirfuturelives. ••

•••••

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LovingandKindness

Tbepursuitofhappinessisnotdifficultifwebavetbe rigbtnIentalattitude·Loveistbekeytobappiness·All bun]anbeingsbavethepotentialtogiveandreceive love.W/earepotentiallystorebouseso{love. Loveisapricelessgifttobestowontoanother.

THEVALUEOFLOVNGKlNDNESS

I9>

Tbrougblove,wecanprovidethewarn]tbtosatisfy tbeburningneedso{anindividualtobeloved’for tbosewboloveandarelovedinreturnarebappier tbantbosedevoidoflove.TbenIorelovewegivetbe n]orewillwereceiveinreturn.Tbisisinaccordance witbtbeeternallawo{causeandeffect·

IntheBuddba’steacbings’tbespiritofloveisn]ore in〕portanttbangoodwork‘A∕／gooα叨oγ走JzM﹚αtez／eγ αγe〃Ot叨oγt乃α〃／otα㎡／OUe叨乃／C乃Jαs介eα乃肋eαγt. Loue叨掀儿αJ介eet乃e乃eαγtCo川P川e﹩gooα叨oγ尼It 咖〃eJ’giDeJ／杪M〃αγαα／α川巳’ LoveisoneofthegreatestinstruIentsofnature.

Tbepowerfulforceo{loveistbebondandcen]ento{ society╴thespiritandli｛eoftheuniverse.Loveistbe Inostprecioust}]ingintbeworld.NonIatterbow unbappyyouarenoworhavebeenintbepast,you canstillfindbappinessintbe{uture.Tbekeyto happinessislove,andyouareinpossessionoftbat preciouskey,rig}]tnowandalways.AndreIen]ber, lovebeginswitbyou·Starttbeprocesso{extending yourloveandcoIpassiontoallbeings.T}Ieinevitable reactionwillsurelybethatyouwillreceiveplentyo{ loveinreturn.Tellinganotberperson‘Iloveyou canbeariskybusinessson]etiIes,buttberewards canbesubstantial.

Cu>tivatingLovingKindness

Tbeideao{lovecanrneandifferentthingstovarious people·Love,accordingtotbeBuddba,doesnot n]eanattacbn]enttoapersonoranobiectthrougb

198HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

wbichonedesirestosatisfybisorberselfisbcraving. Loveshouldbeanendlessself-in]n]olatingconIpassion’freelyflowingtowardsaIivingbeings.In tbeMettaSutta,tbeBuddhasaid: Lα〃OtO〃eαeCe／Ueα〃Otb2γ

／VoγαeJP／Jeα〃）／Peγso〃叨乃αtso仞eγ川α〃）／戶∕b【ce. Z〃α〃geγoγ／〃﹣叨∕瓜 LeM﹚加〃ot叨劬α〃）∕乃αγ〃㎡Oα〃Ot乃eγ. J川M＄α川o叻eγ叨o〃∕αPγOteCM﹚eγO〃O咖／α’ At咖γ／﹩走Qf乃eγo叨M／b’ EDe〃＄O∕α乃／川C〃／加αteα凸O〃〃α／ess乃eαγt

乃叨αγα＄α／川e／〃gs‧

Loveistbesoilinwbicbtbelovedonesgrow·It enricbestbeotberpersonwit}Ioutlin]itingorrestrictingbin]·LoveelevatesbuInanity·Lovecostsnotbing. Lovesbouldnotbeselective·Son]en]aythinkoflove asson]etbingtoreceive,butitisbasicallyagiving process.

Incultivatingloveandkindness,wesbouldstart withtboseathon]e·Tbelovebetween{atberand

n]otbergreatlyin{luencestbeatn]ospbereat}IonIeand generateslove,careandsharingan]ongotber{aIily nIen]bers·Abusbandandwi{esbouldtreateacbother

witbrespect’courtesyandfidelity’ Parentsshould{ul{il{ivedutiesfortheirchildren:

avoiddoingevilandsetanexan]pleofgooddeeds, givetben]aneducation,besupportiveandunderstandingintheirchildren’sloveaffairsorarrangefor theirn]arriage,andlettberninberitthefarnilywealtb

THEVALU【O「L0ⅥNCKlNDNESS

l99

atapropertin]e.Acbild,ontbeotberband,sbou}d honourbisparentsanddofortben]allbeissupposed todo.Hesbouldservetben],belptheIattheir labour,cberis}Itbe{an]ilylineage,protecttbe{anIi}y property,doson]eservicestoothersintbeirnan]eand boldn]enIorialservices{orthen]aftertbeybave passedaway.I{busbandsandwives,aswellasparents andcbildren{ollowthisadvicetaugbtbytbeBuddba, tberewil}alwaysbebappinessandpeaceintbehoIe. Li{eisn]adeupo{littletbingsinwbicbsn]ilesand kindnessandsn]allobligations,givenbabitually,are wbatwinandpreservetbebeart. Onen]arko{alovingpersonistbatbebasacon]-

passionateheart·I/esbouldcultivatetbehabito{ belpingtboseintroubleandwboareless{ortunate thanourselves.Onesbou}dnotn]erelybesyn]patbetictoanotberen]otionally,butshouIdseektotranslatetbat｛eelingintopositiveactions.晅xtendinglove andkindnessdoesnotn]eansboweringgi{ts,buttbe showeringo{gent}enessandgenerosityo{spirit. 施〃α〃ⅢlJαU』γt〃t／M㎡乃e凸／／〃αcα〃Jeeα〃α肋Me㎡ cα〃乃eαγ.So｝ongastbereisonesinglepersonwhon﹞ youcanconsoIebywords,wbon]youcanenlivenand cbeerbyyourpresence,whon]youcanrelieveby yourbelp,howeverinsigni{icantorunin]portantit nIigbtbe,youareapreciouspossessiontothebun]an raceandyousbouldneverbedisbeartenedordepressed‘A／川oJtα〃）／咖〃ggooα﹚∕o〃αou∕／∕／5ee川伽唔〃坑cα〃t’’saysGandbi,‘凸刎立∕Jtje〃z川戶oγ亡α〃r t乃αU／O〃αO立.’

2••HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

Searcbforson]eoneless{ortunateorlessbealt}]y tbanyoursel{·Extendanypossiblebelporassistance youcanwitbinyourn]eansandability·Makesyn]patby,en]patbyandlovingkindnesskeeppacewith vourcapacityforselfdevelopn]ent.Youcanbe cbeatedorletdownbyanotberandtbereisnonein thisworldwbobasnot{acedsucbcraftyindividuals. Ⅷeγe／s〃os乃α川eoγ伽川／∕／αt／O〃γ）loⅢγe叻eαteα’ 如t／t／Jαs乃α川e狗o〃αosotoo肋eγs.Neverharbour thougbtsofrevengeagainsttbosewbobavewronged you.

Tberen]aybetirneswbentboseyoulovedonot seen]tocare,andyouareapttofeelbeavyatbeart. Butthereisnoiustcausefordeiection.Wbatdoesit n]atterifothersarenotgratefultoyouordonotcare foryou,aslongasyoubelievetbatyouarefullo{ con]passionandloveforotbers.

‘Ⅷeγe本凸γ杪加e‘Jα∕／αγOⅢα﹚ W／﹚e〃t乃eγe’J／OUeαM﹚O川e’

川eγeiJ／○）／!〃eUeU／JⅢ〃α’ W／﹚e〃t乃eγe,J∕OUeαM﹚O川e’

乃川e叨／／／m／tO,s叨eα0g／∕αe’ W∕﹚e〃叻eγe’J∕OZ∕eαM）O川e‧﹚

Gratitudeisararevirtuetoday·Porourown happiness,wesbouldnotexpecttobeappreciatedfor everyactwedo.Ifweexpecttbat,weareboundto

facedisappointn]entsandfrustrations·Ifbonoursor recognitioncon]eourway,sobeit:ifnot,never n]ind.

2•

TOLERANCE,PAIENCE ANDCONTENTMENT

‘乃／加／〃t凸e叨Oγ／αα〃α凸e／〃tO／e川〃mfα〃O肋eγ’s 川ce’γe∕卿o〃’c川to川sα〃αco／o〃』﹩／旋e凸e加g凸oγ〃α〃 es走／川oα〃α乃αU／〃gα〃αDe汀Zo〃roⅢo叨‧

T刪‘溫跚:o撇l﹠h刪裊扈鼾鰓 becauseitbelpsustoavoidproblen]s.Italso}Ielpsus tounderstandotberpeople,stroubles,toavoidgiving

destructivecriticisn],andtorealisethateventhefinest

hun]anbeingisnotinfallible.W/ewillalsorealisetbat son1eoft}1eweaknessesfoundinourneighbourscan befoundinourownselvesaswell.

Aspirituallyenligbtenedpersonislikelytobernore

2•zHOWTOLIEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

toleranttbanotbers.Atolerantpersondoesnotlike tointer{erewithanotberperson,s{reedon]oft}]oug}]t, wbicbist}Iebirthrighto{everyindividual.Heisnot easilyoffendedandgrantstbepossibilitytbatothers couldalsoberigbtevenifbedoesnotagreewitbtbeir views·Heisnotstubbornorunreasonablewitbbis

views.Ifbethinkstbeotherpersoniswrong,beIay trytopersuadebin]toseetbeerrorofbisbyclear reasoning,butneverwillbeforceanotbertoaccept bisviews.

Oneoftbegreatesttragediesinbun]anrelations}Iips istbeinabilityandunwillingnesstotolerateand accon]n]odateviewstbataredi{ferent.If,onaccount

ofreIigiousviews,peopleofdifferent{aitbscannot n]eetonacon>n]onplatforn]likeculturedpeople, tbensurelytben]issionso{t}Iecon]passionatereligiousteachersbavefailedIiserably.AtsucbplatfornIs,itwouldbebettertodiscussandexcbange tboseviewswbicbweagreeonandtoleratetbose wbicbwedonot.Wbencertaindisturbancesarisewe

n]ustknowbowtoovercon]etben]witboutaggravatingtlIesituation· •0•0•D•p•p•p

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H◎叨toαuoiααfs卹γ凸α〃ces‧Therewasabeadn1anina

certainvillagewbobadahotten]peredfatber·Each tiIetbeelderlyInanlosthisteInper,bewouldstorn] outo{bisbouseandscoldbisson·Alt}Iougbbis tenIperwaswellknownintbevillage,tbisoutburst

TOLERANCEPAT<ENCEANDCONTENTMENT2•3

causedson]eernbarrassn]entandoftendisturbed

otbers’n]inds·

Oneday,tbebeadn]anhunganironringoutsidebis bouseandinstructedthevillageboystostrilKeit repeatedlyeacbtinIebis{atberscoldedbiIn.Tbeloud clangingnoisedrewaIoto{attention,andsoonthe elderlyIanrealisedtbathewasInakinga{oolofbiIsel{andstoppedscoIdingbisson. ••

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Patience

Inourdailyli{e,tbereisn]ucbtbatwebavetoendure. V/ebavetobearallkindsofpain,botbphysically andIentally·V/ehaveto{aceworries,frustrations, depressions,andalltypesofin]aginaryfears.Itisusefultoknowhowtoputupwitbtbispainbecause n]anypbysicaldisordersarebrougbtaboutbywrong babitsoftbought,unbealtbyn]entalattitudesand unnecessaryanxieties.Undersucbcircurnstances,it wilIbeuse{ultopractisepatience. Patienceisn]entionedasoneo{theexen]p}ary cbaracteristicso{are}igiousn]an,aIongwitbsincerity, swiftnessinunderstandingandtenderness.Onewho bastbese{ourquaIitiesissaidtobeworthyofrespect. 心■

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凡肋叨肋eB〃﹝／t／Ⅵ﹚α巷肌α〃J尸／eS‧Ononeoccasionthe Buddbawasinvitedbyabrabn]in{oraln]stobis bouse.Asinvited,tbeBuddhavisitedtbehouseo{tbe

2○午HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

brabInin.InsteadofentertainingHirn,thebrabnIin pouredfortbatorrentofabusewit}Itbefiltbiestof words.

TbeBuddhapolitelyinquired:╴ ‘DovisitorsconIetoyourbouse,goodbralInIin?, ‘Yes,’Hereplied. ‘W／batdoyoudowbentbeycoⅢe豆, ‘Ob,weprepareasurnptuousfeast.’ ‘Iftbeyfailtoturnup?’ ‘W/hy,wegladlypartakeofit.’ ‘V/ell,goodbrabIin’you}]aveinvitedn]eforaln]s andentertainedrnewithabusewbichIdeclineto

accept.Pleasetakeitback’ TbeBuddbadidnotretaliate,butpolitelygaveback wbattbeBrahrninbadgivenHin].Retaliatenot,the Budd}Iaadvised.‘Hatredsdonotceasethrough batred,buttbrougblovealonetheycease. Tberewasnoreligiousteacberbigblypraisedand soseverelycriticised’reviledandblan>edliketbe Buddba.Suc}]istbefateofgreatIen. InapublicasseIblyavilewon]annaInedCinca’ pretendingtobepregnant,accusedtbeBuddha.W/it}I asIilingfacetbeBuddhapatientlyenduredtbeinsult andtherebyHisinnocencewasproved. TbeBuddhawasonceaccusedofrnurderinga won]anassistedbyHisdisciples·Non-BuddlIists severelycriticisedtheBuddhaandHisdisciplestosucb anextentthattheVenerableAnandaappealedtothe Buddhatoleaveforanothervillage.

TOLERANCE>PATlENCEANDCONTENTMENT2•5

‘How,Ananda,wbatiftboseotbervillagersalso abuseus?)

‘V/e}ltben,Lordwewillproceedtoanother village.’ ‘TbenAnanda,tbew}Io}eo{Indiawillbaveno

place{orus.Bepatient. Tbeseun{oundedabuseswillautoInaticallycease. Magandiya,aladyofbaren]wbobatedtbeBuddha {orspeakingabouttberepulsivenessofberattractive

{igurewbenberfatber,tbroughignorance,wisbed togiveberinn]arriagetot}]eBuddba·S}]ebired drunkardstoinsulttbeBuddbainpublic.V/ithper{ectequaniIT]itytheBuddbaenduredtbeinsult·But Magandiyabadtosu{{er{or}Iern]isdeed. Insultsareacon]n]onlotwhicbbun>anitybasto {aceandendure.Then]oreweworkandtbegreaterwe becon]e’tbeInorewewou}dbesubiecttoinsultsand bun]i}iation· ••

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ThePowerofPatiencc

A{tergainingspiritualliberation,Pindola,adisciple oftbeBuddba,returnedtohisnativeplace,Kosan>bi, torepaytbepeopIethere{orthekindnesstbeybad sbownbirn·ItbadbeenabotsuInn]erday,andon reachingtheoutskirtsofKosan]bi,Pindolasatin n]editationunderthecoolshadeo{atreeinaparkon thebankoftbeGangesRiver. Atthattin]e`KingUdenacan]etotbeparkwitbbis

z•6HOWTOLIEWITHOUTPEAR&WORRY

consortsforrecreationand,afterIusicandpleasure, betookanapintbesbadeo{anotbertree.W/biletbeir Kingwasasleep,hiswivesandIadies-in-waitingtook awalkandsuddenlycanIeuponPindolainn]editation·Tbeyrecognisedbin]asabolyrnanandasked bin]toteacbtben].

V/bentbeKingawokefron]bisnap,bewentin searcho{bis}adiesandfoundtben]surroundingtbis bolynIanandlisteningtobisteacbing.Beingofa iealousandlasciviousIind,theKingbecan]eangry andabusedPindola,saying:‘Itisinexcusabletbat you,aholynIan,s}Iouldbeintben]idsto{won]en andenioyidletalkwitbtben].’Pindo!aquietlyclosed hiseyesandren]ainedsilent. TbeangryKingdrew}Iisswordandthreatened Pindola,butthebolyn]anren]ainedsilentaIlwas {irn]asarockTbisn]adetbeKingn]oreangryand}Ie brolKeopenanantbillandtbrewson]eo{tbeant-filled dirtuponhin].Sti>lPindolaren]ainedsittinginIeditationandquietlyenduredtbeinsultandpain. Tbereupon,tbeKingbecan]easban]edo{bisbad conductandbeggedPindola,spardon.Asaresulto{ tbisincident,tbeBuddba,steacbingfounditsway intotbeKing’scastIeandfron]tbereitspreadaIlover tbecountry. Bepatient.Angerleadsontoapatblessiungle. V/hileangerirritatesandannoysothers,italso}Irts onesel{,weakenstbepbysicalfrarneanddisturbstbe n]ind.Abarshword,}ikeanarrowdisc}Iargedfron]a bow,canneverbetakenbackevena{teratbousand

TOLERANCE﹚PATlENCEANDCONTENTMENT2○亥

apologies·Neverusebarsbwordsinaheatedargun]ent.Itisalwaystheretorttbatstartstbetrouble· Bycultivatinganddevelopingpatience,tbedestructiveeIotionalenergywitbinuswillnotbavethe cbancetosurfacetotakecontrolanddirectusto cornn]itevil· •=

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Iαiα〃otl﹚eαγ叨乃αtW〃sαiα‧OnceVenerableSariputta,tbecbie{discipleo{tbeBuddba,wasconfronted byabrahn]inwboabusedbin>witbangrywords·W/ben tbesewordsdidnotaf{ectVenerableSariputta,the brabn]inbecaIeevenn]ore{urious.

‘Didn’tyoubearwbatIbaveiustsaid?,sboutedthe angrybrabnIin.‘DoyoubavenotbingtosaytoallIy insults?,

VenerableSariputta,snIiledgentlyatthebrabn]in, andreplied,‘V/ell,n]y{riend,Idobearyouloudand clear.ButsinceIknowthatyouhavenotbinguseful tosay,Ibearonlysoundvibrations., ••

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Porgeteveryevilorinsu}t;renIembereverykindness.Tbeworldbaswitnessedenougbbatredalready. Letthe{uturebebasedonthebroad{oundation

ofloving-kindness,con]passionandwisdonI·Tbe Buddbistwayofdealingwithproblen]sisnotprescriptivebuttberapeutic.Hatredoranger,likeany otberdestructiveen]otion,istobeeradicatednotby

2•8HOwTOLIEwlTHOUrFEAR&wORRY

suppressionbutbygraduallyrenIovingitsroots. Ifwereturnviolenceforviolence,tberecanbeno

endtoit.Enn]itywillgiverisetoenrnity.Adesirefor revengewillarousen]orevengefultboug}]ts·ResentIentcanneverbeconqueredbyresentn]ent,and }IatredonIybegetsbatred.Thebestapproacbto theseevilsistoappeasethen]witbtbeantidotesof syIpat}]y,forgiveness,toleranceandpatience. Gandhisays:‘乃走eα〃C）／e允γα〃O／e,α〃α肋e叨乃o∕e 叨Oγ∕α咖／／凸e凸／加α.,

zⅡ BINGFRUSTRATED ⅡNLOV正

O〃e﹩右Ⅲ∕α〃oMo叨eγo〃e,Jα／g〃iD／oγ凸eαⅧJ〃Ceto t乃eOt乃eγPαγt）／’ •

Ⅱ嘰刪踹刪譙I;刪↓腑艦蜀

apersonis,bewillstillexperience{rustration.Tbe tbingshedoesn’tbave,bewiIong{ortben].V/henhe alreadyhascertaintbings,helongsforson]en]oreor {oracbange·Unfulfilleddesireiscon]n]onto everyone.

Intben]attersofthebeart,thelonging{ortbelove ofanotberalwaysbringsfrustration.W/benaperson {allsinloveandfindstbatbisorher{eelingsarenot

21•HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

reciprocated’beorshebecon]esfrustrated.Tbisoften occursan]ongyoungpeople.Evenconditionswbicb

areclearlyfavourablecanchangeunexpectedly·To ilIustrate: q0▲0◇pq『▲p▲『

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W／﹚o川α〃／eα肋egi泓βOnceayoungnIanbadfallen deeplyinlovewithagirlfron]anotbertown.He .bislovefor wrotelongletterstoherdailyexpresslng her.Aftersendingno>essthanafewhundredletters, }Iediscoveredtohisborrortbatsbehad{al>eninlove

andn>arriedtbepostn]anwhobaddeliveredtbe letters. ■伊

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Son]epeoplefa>linloveat{irstsigbtandren]ain bappyfortheresto{tbeirlives.Son]eothers{allin loveatfirstsigbt,onlytorealisetbatitwasinfatuation andregretitlater.But{ortben]ostpart,lovetakes tiInetogrow.There｛ore,iflovedoesnotblossoⅢ irnn]ediateIy,apersonsbouldnotbedisheartenedtoo easily.Tbereisasayingtbatafaintbeartneverwona {airlady.Tbisistosaytbatapersonwbogivesuptoo easilywillnotbeableton]arrytheonebedesires. Son>ecanconducttben]selvesIaturelyandslowly drawtheother’sattentiontotheirkindness,consideration,steadfastness,and}ove{ortheotber.Onen]ust

notbeunreasonableorsel{isbintbeexpressiono{ one’s{eelings.A{terall,hun]anen]otions,likeall tbingsinnature,aresubiecttocbange.Wbenonecon-

BElNGPRUSTRATEDlNLOVE

21>

ductsoneselfwell,tbereiseverycbancetbattheother wi}lbegintorealisetbegoodqualitiesanddevelop

warrn{eelingstowardstbeotberandallthesen]ay taketin]e.

Buttheren]ustbealin]itintryingtowintbebeart o{anotber,especiallywbentbeanswerisaclear‘NO’ andt}Iepersonrnustnotgotoextren]esinexpressing t}]elove.Onen]ustgivetbeothertherightton]ake one,sowndecisionandrespecttbatdecision.Tbereis nolawtbatone’sloveforanotbern]ustbereci-

procatedInsituationswhenaperson,sIoveisnot reciprocated,itisbest{oreitberpartytowisballtbe bappiness{ortbe{uturcwell-beingandpartasfriends witboutcausinganyhindrancestotbeirownpersonalityorn>akeanuisanceo{tben]selves. •-P•

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ⅥⅣC〃bc加ec乃αγ川.Onceayoungn﹞anwantedthe girlo{bisdreaInstoreturnbisIove{orber.Hetried bysendingher{lowersandgiftsbutthegirldidnot respond.HavingtriedvariousInethodsbut{ailingto wintbegirl,slove,he{inallytboughto{apIan-alove charn],andhewenttoaten]pletopersuadet}]en]onk topreparethatcharn]{orbiIn. ‘Sorry,wedon’tIakeIovecharn]sbere,,saidthe

n]onk‘I{tbegirIasnointerestinyou,trytofind soIneoneelse.’ButtheyoungInanwasinsistentthat hewishedberloveonly. UnabletopersuadebiInwitbadvice,theIonk

z12HOwTOLIEWlTHOUTPEAR&WORRY

triedanotbern]etbod·‘Alright’,saidthen]onk,‘take

tbisoilwithyou·V/benyouseeberthefirsttbingin tben]orning,applyt}IisoiIonberforehead., Tbeyoungn]anwokeupearlytbefo}lowing n]orningandeagerlywaited{ortbegirltoernerge {ron]berbouse·AsshecaIeoutwitbabroon]in

bandtosweept}Iecon]pound,heran{orward,dipped his{ingerinthebottIeo{oilandappliedittoberforeheadasinstructedbythernonk Tbegirlnotonlyhadanasty{rightbutbecan]eso {urious,tbatshecbasedhin]out,beatinghin>witbthe broon]·Tbeyoungn]anIearned}Iisbitterlessonabout Iovecharn]s,anddecidedtoturnbislovetoanother

girlwbolikedhirn.In{act,becauseo{tbisincident,he waswiseenoughtornarrytbegirIwhoreallyloved bin].

BreaMngUp

lnanyIoverelationsbip,tbereisaIwaystbepossibility o{breakingup·ArelationsbipwhichwaslikeadreaIn badturnedsourandthepartiesinvolvedcouldseethe spIitcon]ing.Inthebreakupo{are}ationshiptbereis pain,especia>}ywbenone’sen]otionsarealltiedupin knots.En]otionaIknotshavetobecutsoonerorlater’

andeachtiInetheyarecuttbepartiesinvolvedbleed aIittIe.Onesbouldaccepttbe{acttbatforson]e time’onewiIIbesubIectedtosbarpf}uctuationsin en]otions.Men]orieso{tbingssaidordonecouId suddenlyariseand{il}onewitha{loodo{eIotions.

BElNGPRUSTRATEDlNLOVE

213

Insucbasituation,son]epeoplewalkaroundlikea woundedvictin].Iftbereisnotbingthatonecando abouttbebreakup,tbeveryfirsttbingistoαccePt ∕ts／〃eu／tα州∕軔.Untilonedoesthat,onecanbe

paralyzed,wit}Itbougbtsrunningoverandoverintbe n]indofbowton]endson]etbingthatcannotbe n]ended.OneIustbepreparedtoundergoafewstagesernotionallybeforerecoveringfron]tbebreakup.

Atfirst,therewillbetbeM﹚oc走.Onewill｛indit

bardtobelievetbattbebreakupbasreallyhappened. Aftertbesbockwillbeone’s／刎γeαJe川e㎡尸γiαe. Onebaslost{ace,especiallytooneself.Aftertbe shockandfindingawaytosalvagetbepride,onebas to｛acetbe∕o〃e∕／〃esJofbeingalone.Buteventbiswill goawayeventually.Itisnotgoingtogoawayinaday oraweek;itwilltaketin﹞e,buMt叨i／／goαⅧα）／. Duringtbisperiod,onesbouldtU／／卹〃go〃eαα）／αtα t／川e.Don’ttbinkabouttbepastorworrytoon﹞ucb abouttbefuture·LivingonedayatatiInewillbelp oneintidingovertbeworstdays.Andtben,before oneknowsit,oneisnolongeraffectedbytbebreakup,andoneisreally{reeagain. Onesbouldavoiddoingson1etbingfoolishduring tbeperiodofadIustrnent.Everynowandtben,we readintbenewspapersabouttragediesofsuicides, violenceandn]urderconI]ittedbythebrokenbearted.T}Ierewasacaseofayoungn]anw}]otbrew hin]selfintotberiveranddrowned,witbhislove

lettersneatlywrappedinaplasticpackagestuffedin bispocket.Hewasbroken-heartedbecausebisgirl-

2l午HOW丁OLⅣ【WlTH0UTP〔AR＆WORRY

{riendbaddecidedton]arryanotbern]an.Thisyoung n]anhadcon]n]ittedpbysicaIsuicide.Son]econ]n]it emotionaIsuicidebygoinginsaneouto{{rustration anddisappointn]entduetoabrokenlovea{fair·Son]e re{useton]arryorto{aIIinloveagaina{terbeing iilted V/bydopeopIebavetoundergoalltbissuf{ering?It

isbecausetbeybaveno<deveIopedanunderstanding o{tbeuncertaintieso{Ii{eandis,there{ore,caughtup inanen]otionalturbulence.Theydevelopattachn]ent andhaveunreasonab}eexpectations.Apersonwbo basabetterunderstandingo{tbenatureo{li{ewiIl knowtbatli{eisa{{ectedbyeigbtwordlyconditions. Liketbewavesintheocean,tbeseeigbtworld>yconditions{luctuate·Onen]on]entitis{avourab}eand

isweIcon]edwithopenarn]s;atanotbern]on]entit becon]esun{avourable,whicbisratberbardtobear.

LikeapenduIun]swingingbackand{ortb,desirable andundesirableconditionsprevai}intbisworIdand everyone,withoutexception,n]ust{acetben]. Onen]ayenloyson]egain,but{oreverygainthere isaIsothedangero{Ioss.Tbisistrue{orfan]e,praise andhappiness,wbicbhavetberisko{tbeirnegative counterparts,nan]eIy,de{an]e,bIaIeandpain,arising· However,theoccurrenceofeverynegativecondition carriesalsothehopetbatthingswiIIchange{orthe better.AIosscansetthe{oundationfor{uturegain, wbiIede{an]ecanturninto{ame,bIan]cintopraise,

andpainintobappiness.Sucbistheinstabilityo{ worIdlyconditions.Andthea{{airo{tbebeart,being

ⅡINCⅢUSTRA丁〔【﹚IN1OV〔

2!5

subicc<toworIdIyconditions,isnodi{{erent.A Iovcbetwccntwopersonscangrowin[osoInctbing deepandn]atured,{edbyseI{lcssgiving,mu[ual rcspectandsharing.ItcanaIso[urnsourwbcnthe partiesinvolvedbccoIhecarcIcsswi〔l﹞one川ot｝﹞cror wl]enconditionscbangetbroug}]noone,s{ault. Onewayto{indsolace{oryourn]en[aIagonyor frustrationistounderstandthedegreeo{yourown su{{eringsanddi{ficultieswithtlMtexperiencedbv others.Youthinktbateverytbingaroundyouisabout tocoIlapse.However,i{youtr>/totakean]entaI stockoftbingsandtrytocountyourbIessings,you wiII{ind,surprisingIy,tbatyouarebettero{{tMn n]anyothersw}]osu{{ermore.Insbort,you}nvebeen unduIyexaggeratingyourprobIems.Manyotbersare worseo{{t}]anyouandyettl]eydonotworryunduIy. Anotbern]etbodtorcduceyourproblen]sisto recapitulatewbatyouhavegonetbroughbe{ore, undersin]iIarorworsecircun]stancesandhowvou

have,tl]rougbyourpatienceande{{orts,beenableto surn]ountyourthenseen]ingIydi{{iculties.Bydoing so,youwilInotpern]ityourexistingproblen]sto ‘drownyou,.OnthecontraryyouwilIdetern]ineto resolvewbateverissuesorproblen]sthatInaybefacing you.YousbouldreaIisetbatyoubavegonetbrougb worsesituationsandthatyouarepreparedto{acetbe issue╴cornewbatn﹞ay.Ⅸ／ithtbis｛ran﹞eo｛n〕ind,you wiIlsoonregainyoursel{-con{idenceandwiIbeable to{aceandresolvewbateverprobIemsthatareinstore {oryou.

22 HAPPYMARRⅡEDⅡFⅨ

So川M﹚e／／eUet乃α川αγγ∕αge＄αγe川ααe』〃乃eαDe〃‧B川叨乃e〃川α川αge’αγM’α吻l﹚α刎／eα’t乃e）／Co〃／α／川M﹩ 叨e〃l﹚αUe凸ee〃川ααei〃凸e〃‘

Ⅱ艦姍瞬f輜鰓腮﹛b:罟d攤腑

tben]selves.TbisPartnershipisaninterweavingof lnterests,andsacrificeswillbavetoben1adefortbe

sakeofbot}]Parties·ItisfronIn]utualunderstanding andconcernt}1atsecurityandcontentn1entinInarriage canbeestablisbed.

Tberearenos}1ort-cutsto}1appinessinIarr1age. Notwohun]anbeingscanpossiblylivetogetberinan

HAPPYMARRlEDLlPE

21>

intin1ateen]otionalrelationsbipforalongperiodof tiIewitbouthavingson]en1isunderstandingorfrictionfronItin]etotiIne.Understandingandtolerance arerequiredtoovercon>etbefeelingsofjealousy, angerandsuspicion.Totbinktbatonedoesnotneed toadoptagive-and-takeattitudeistopresunIetbat loveinnIarriageisiustfortbeaskingwitboutany sacrificeonourpart. Bui>dingaSuccessfulMarriage

Successinn]arriageisbasedoncon1patibilityratber thaniustonlyfindingtherigbtpartner.Both partnersn]usttrytobetberigbtpersonbyactingout ofnIutualrespect,loveandconcernforeacbotber. Loveisaninnerfeelingandafulfiln1entarisingfron] then>utualhealthygrowtbwitbandfortbeotber person.Inasuccessfuln]arriage,apartnern]ustnot alwaystrytogettbingsbisorberownway.T}Iis bringston1indaburnouroussaying╴‘〃α〃乃α＄肋叨／∕川川叨o川α〃乃α叻eγ叨〃’.Tbereisonlyonepatb tobetroddenbyboth,itn]aybeuneven,bun]pyand soIetirnesdifficult,butitisalwaysa‘n]utualpatb,. Ahappymarriageisnotoneinwhicbweareto existwit}Ieyesclosed.W/eseefaultsaswellasvirtues,

andwesbouldaccepttbe{acttbatnooneisperfect.A busbandandwifeIustlearntosharetbebappiness andpainintbeirdailylives.Mutualunderstandingis tbesecretforrnulao{abappyn1arriage.Marriageisa blessing,butunfortunately,n]anypeopletreatit

218HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

otberwiseduetoalacko{correctcon]Inunicationand

understanding. MostoftbeIaritaltroublesandworrieswbicb

norn>allyariseareduetoanunwillingnessofone partnertocon]pron]iseandtopractisepatiencewith tbeotber.Tbego}denruletoavoidan1inornIisunderstandingbeingblownoutofproportionistopractise patience,toIeranceandunderstanding.Hun]anbeings areen]otionalandbenceareliabletogetintotantrun]s wbicb}eadtbeItobeangry.Husbandsandwives sboulddotheirutn]ostforbotbnottobeangryat tbesanIetinIe.Tbisistbegoldenrule{orabappyn]arriedlife.Ifbot}Ipartiesarenotangryattbesan]etirne,

problen]scaneasilyberesolvedbyadoptingtbenoble spiritofpatience,toleranceandunderstanding. Tbebusbandsbouldtreatbiswifewitbrespect, understandingandconsiderationandnotasaservant norasadollinbisbands.Altbougbben]aybere-

gardedasthebread-winnero{thefan]ily,itisalso bisdutytohelpbiswifewitbthehouseholdwork wbeneverheis{ree.Tbewi{e,ontbeotberband,

s}Iouldnotalwaysnagorgrun]bleatherbusbandover trivialI]atters.If}IereallybascertainsbortconIings, sbeshouldtrytotalkwitbbin1andcorrecthin>ina

gentlen]anner·Aspouseshouldtrytotolerateand bandlen]anytbingswithoutbotheringthepartner, especiallywbentbereareprobleIsaffectingones career.Ifoneisinclinedtowardsiealousy,onernust

trytorestrainsuspicionsovertbepartner’srnovenlentssincetbeyn1aynotatallbeiusti{iable.In

HAPPYMARRlEDLlFE

2>9

BuddhisI,n]utualrespectandtrustareofparaIount irnportanceinahappyunion. SexinMarriage

SexsbouldbegivenitsdueplaceinabappynIarriage. LilKefire,sexisagoodservantbutcanbeabad n]aster.Itsbouldneitberbeunbealtbilyrepressednor rnorbidlyexaggerated.Thedesireforsex,likeany otberen]otion,n]ustbereguIatedbyreason.Alt}Iougb itisanin]portantelen]entintbebappinesso{rnost nIarriedcouples,itisnecessarytorealisetbatonecan bebappywitboutgivingsexapararnountrole.Onthe otberband,onecanbaveagoodsexli{eandstillbe unbappy.Realloveisnotiustphysical:itisaspiritual conI]union,an1eetingofn]inds. Sexisn]uchIoretbantbepbysicalgratificationof desires.Itistbebasisforanintin]atelife-longcon]panionslIip.Downtbrougbtheages,loveandn]utual respectbavebeensbowntobetbebasisforclose intirnacybetweentbesexes.Dr.HelenKaplanof CornellMedicalCentersayst}Iatwit}1outintin1acy

therecanbenoreallove.Herdefinitionofintin]acyis tbesharingof{eelings,notin{orn]ation.CoupIeswbo arenotintiIatewilltendtotallKoffrivoloussubiects liketbeweatber’thelatestTVshowsorwhattoeat

fordinner.Theynevern]akeitapointtoleteac}Iotber knowiftbeyarereallyhappy’unbappy,frigbtened, worriedoranyotbersucbintin﹞atefeeling白.Tbeyare a>sonotinterestedtoknowhowtheirpartnerreaIly feels.

2z•HOWTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

ThenIarriedcouplesbouldn]akeeveryeffortto cultivatetbetiIeIessvirtuesofcbastity,fidelityand decency.Realgrowtbonlycornest}Irougbtbedeveloprnentoftbesevirtues·Nonecanrepealthecosn>ic n]orallawofcauseandeffect,oftbelastingunityof allhun]anbeings.Tbebopeofpersonalgrowtband barn]onyinsocietyliesintberecognitionoft}Iisbasic law,ratbertbansurrenderingoneselftobaseand coarseanin]alinstinctswbicbonlybringsufferingto tbosewbon]wedearlylove.Selfrespect,burnan dignityor}IuInanequalitiesareerodinginn]odern soc1ety. •=

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W】﹚oαγc川oγeciD洫seαβThetraditionalwayofdressingan]ongtbewon>enofabilltribewasto}eavet}1e upperpartoftbeirbodiesbare.Tbeydidnotdraw anyattentionanIongtbeirn]enwhowentabouttbeir dailydutiesastbeybadbeendoingforgenerations. However,wbentbeywereabouttobevisitedbysoIe o{{icialsundertakingastudyontheirwayoflife,tbe younggirlsweretoldbytheirchieftaintobidetben]se}ves.Tbeyweresa{ean]ongtbeInenoftbeirtribe, buttberewasnotellingwbattbesocallededucated n]en{ron]tbeciviIizedworldwoulddototben]. •-•••

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Thetendencyo{peopletodaytowardsanoverdependencyandobsessionwitbsexcanbeacause{or

HAPPYMARRlEDLIPE

221

alarn>.Ourforefatberserectedaveilofsecrecyand bypocrisyaroundtbesubiect,anditiswelltbatthe veilhasfortheIostpartbeentorndown.Butwben

sexbecon>esglorifiedandsensationalisedliketheway itisdonetoday,itbindersthedevelopn1entofbigber valuesinsociety.TheIassn]ediaparticularlybas exploitedtheeroticsideoflifesoenticinglyand successfullytbatbun]anityisbon]bardedsickbya ceaselessbarrageofsexualstin>ulationfroIevery side·Tbewaybowtbeyorganisetbeirwayoflifeisto showotberstbatthesexlifeistben1ostiInportant aspectinbun]anlifeandtoneglectalltbeotber in]portantdutiesandresponsibilities· HavingaGoodMarriage

TbeBuddbasaystbatanIarriagebetweenabadbusbandandabadwifeislikeadeadbodyexistingwitb anotberdeadbody.Marriagebetweenabadn>anand agoodwon1anislikeadeadbody,existingwitban angel·Marriedlifebetweenagoodn]anandabad won]anislikeanangellivingwitbadeadbody. Marriedlifebetweenagoodn]anandagoodwon]an islikeanangellivingwitbanotberangel.Montaigne iokesaboutⅢarriedlifebysaying:‘Agooα川αγγzαge 叨O〃／α凸e凸e川Ⅲα凸／／〃α叨旅α〃ααe‘W﹚川凸甽㎡ (Tbewi{ewillnotseetben]answealKnessesandt}]e

busbandwillnotbearbernagging.)

Accordingtoacertainreligion,an>ann]ayn]arry n]oretbanonewi{e,wbileotherreligionsrestrict

2Z2HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

IarriagetooneIanandonewife·AsfarasBuddbisIn isconcerned,n]arriageisan1atterofpersonalcboice, andpeoplearealsosub}ecttotbelawsoftbecountry tbeylivein.Evenincountrieswberepolygan]yispern]issible,t}Iereisenoug}Ievidencetosbowtbatan]an bavingn]orethanonewi{ewillonlyinviteIore worriesandburdenstbrougboutbisli{e. Mostofusalreadybaven]oretbanenoug}Itroubles. InsteadofoverconIingthenIn]anypeoplegoout lookingforson]eInoretroubles. Q0●p▲D●0●0■『

■『●『■「●「■『■『

O〃ebeααα〃αtⅧo咖u2s‧Therewasonceanelderly n]anwbowasnotsatisfiedwithtbeonewifetowhoIn

bebadbeenIarriedforson]eyears.Hedecidedto takeonasecondwifewbowasc}]arnIingandbeauti{ul.Now,tbissecondwifefeltrat}]eren]barrassedto beseenwitbsucbanoldrnan·Soinorderton]akebiIn

Iookyoung,s}]espentalotoftin]epluckingoutalltbe greybairstbatbadappearedonbisbead.W/henbis {irstwifenoticedtbis,sbebegantopullouthisblack hairsonebyone,bopington]akebiIhappearolder. Tbiscontestbetweentbetwoofthen]wentonand

int}Ieend,then]anbecan]econ]pletelybald,witb neitberasinglegreybaixnorblackbaironbis}Iead. 斗斗斗:﹩‧斗斗

Ladiesattacbalotofin]portancetobirtMaysand anniversaries.Caring}IusbandssbouldreIen]ber

HAPPYMARRlEDL<PE

223

thesedatesandshouldneverbetoobusytokeeplove alivewitblittletributesandattention.Littleactso{

attentionsuchastheseshowtbepersonyoulovetbat youarethinkingofber,tbatyouwanttopleaseber, tbatberhappinessandwelfareareverynearanddear toyourbeart·W/ivesdoappreciatesucIittleactso{ attentionsucbastbese{roItbeircourteousbusbands

anditistbisli{eIonggoodwilltbatkeepstbebonIe firesburning·LittIeactsoflovesuchastbeseareatthe bottoIofn]ostn]aritalbappiness. Marriedcouplestodaycanregulatethesizeoftheir fan]ilytbrougbproper{an]ilyplanning.W/isecouples sbouldplantbeirfan]iliesaccordingtotbeirincon]es andcapabilities.Thereisnoreason{orBuddbiststo opposecontraceptionandtbepracticeofbirtbcontrol whichpreventthefertilizationo{theovun]·However,oncetheen]bryoisforn]ed,itn]ustbeallowed totakeitsfullcourseduringtbepregnancy.BuddhisⅢ doesnotsupportnorcondonetheactofabortion wbichconstitutesanactofkilling.

‘∕lfαγγ／αgeγeJe川凸∕esα戶α∕γ㎡sC／ssoγs／o／〃eαtogα乃eγ sOt乃α㎡叼α肋OM’esePα川te乩○／te〃t乃e）／川oDe 川O〃oJ／t2αlγeα／o川.B刎叨oM,α／αeα〃）／o〃e叨乃o cO川eM’α叨ee〃t乃e川, ‘丁／﹚eC乃α／〃

tOαγγ）∕／t’

㎡叨eα∕OC肘川o乃eα甽t乃αt加α足eJ刖O

Readerswisbing{urtberin{orma[iononthissubiect,areadvised toreadtbebook‘AHappyMarriedLi｛e,bytbesameauthor。

23 YOURBEAUTY

B甽tw﹩Ue〃川勿eα／U巳W／﹚αU／O〃Co川／αeγ凸eα刎沁∕ 川α﹞凸e〃g0toα〃o咖γ.

A悲鰓「鰍殲緇腳!::﹦刪【 saylnggoes╴‘beautyisintheeyesoftbebeholder’‧ Aggressivepron]otionaltacticsareusedtosbape people’sexpectatlonsaswellasrevolutioniseaccepted levelso{style,quaIityandglan]our.Overtin]etbey baven]anagedtodeveloptheseunrealisticexpectatlonstosucbadegreetbatn]akeconceitedIcnand wonIentbeworldoverden]andbeautyasabasic huIanright·AndtbesocalledbeautywhicbnIany

YOURBEAUTY

225

peopleseekareexternalratbert}1aninternal.External goodlooksarewbattbeylookforwhenselecting friendsorwbencboosingalifepartner. Becauseoft}Iebigbpren]iun]beingplacedongood looks,peopletryvariousn]etbodstoacbievet}]is desirablestate·ItcouldIeangoingforaerobics’an intensiveslin]n]ingcourse’afacelift,wearing{asbionableclotbes,anew}]airdo,orn]akeup.Usually,ladies andalsosoInen]en,tendtobeveryconsciousand particularabouttbeirweightwhentheydiscoverthat tbeybaveputona{ewextrapounds. V/bilen]alesarenotexen]ptfron]thisfad,itisgenerallytruetosaytbattbefairersexwillgotogreat lengthstoloolKandfeelbeautiful·Tbewon]enfolkin n]odernsocietyspendagoodpartoftbeirincon]eon expensiveclothesandcosn]etics.Tbeirchoiceofwhat tobuyisbeavilyin{luencedanddictatedbythe expensivepron]otionalgiInn]icksadoptedbyfashion bousesandcosrneticcoInpanies. Itisindeedsurprisingbowprofoundlywon]enare interestedinclotbes.PorexaInple,ifan]anand woIann]eetanotlIern]anandwon1anonthestreet,

tbewornanseldonIlooksattheotbern]an:sheusually loolKstoseehowwelltheotherwornanisdressed.

Despitealltbeirseriousnessinthesearcbfor beauty,peoplehaveforgottentouseasource everyoneisendowedwitbbynaturebutnotoften

used.Tbeyn]issoutontbisnaturalsourceofbeauty. Maybetbissourcehaseasilybeenoverlookedbecause presentdaycosn]eticsprovideaconvenientsubstitute

226HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

togiveaninstantthougbfalseconceptionofreal beauty.Inthisageoffastfoodsandallsortsof‘instant tbis,and‘instanttbat’n]anywoIenresorttoinstant beautyaidsandcosn1eticsw}1icharereadilyavailable inthen1arket.NowcoIningbacktoournatural sourceofbeauty,weliketoask:W/hatcanthissource

ofbeautybe?Noneotbertbankindness,love,sirnplicityandthebeautyoftbeheart.Ofallthecosn]etics available,thebestislovingkindness.Itisnatural, inexpensiveandalwayseffective.Tbeonewhobas

tbisqualitylooksbeautifulevenwitbouthavingto worryaboutwbatisappliedontbefaceordonetotbe hair.

Evenifoneisbornwithplainlooks,onecanlook radiantandattractiveifthevirtuesoflove,kindness

andpatiencearecultivated.Tbesevirtueswillgiverise toaninternalcharn]thatwillradiateoutwards,

n]akingtbatpersonirresistible.Manypeoplewillbe attractedtobinIorberbecauseofthatspecialcharn>as beautynaturallyexudesfron]tbeperson’sbody. Unlikeexternalpbysicalbeautywbicbfadeslikea flower,thisinternalbeautybasanauraofcbarnI wbichcanoftenbeconIeIoreintenseinitsglowthe rnoren]aturethepersonbecon]es. Ontheother}Iand,evenifapersonisbornhandson]eandwit}]beautifulfeatures,n]anypeoplewillbe turnedawayfron]suchapersonifheorsbeisiealous, selfish,cunningandconceited.Butifthepersonis overflowingwithloving-kindness,speaksgentlyand politely,beorshewillbefarnIoreattractivethanthe

YOURBEAUTY

2Z>

so-calledbeautifulpersonwboisconceitedandfullof pride.Abeautifulcon]plexioncanattractattention, butfor}]owlong?Thereisnocon]plexionwbicbcan reIainbeautifulespecial>yiftbepersonsn]indis corrupted.Externalbeautywillsoonfadelikeall tbingsn﹞ust.Thesayingtbat‘凸eα〃DMs伽t﹩足／〃αe叩’ isindeedverytrue.Buttbebeautyoflovingkindness reIains,andisappreciatedbyallalike· Tbeworldislikean]irror.Ifwelookatthen]irror

witbasn]ilingface,wewillseeafacesn]ilingbackat us.Butifwelookatitwitbafrownorafaceofanger, wewillalsoseethesan]eugly{acereflectedbackIn thesanIeway,ifweweretoactwitbkindnessand

syn]pathy,t}]esarnegoodqualitieswillbereturnedto us.Andwbenweperforn]noblevirtueswhicbarisein tbebeart,theywillbetranslatedintogoodspeecband deedswbicbareapparenttoall. I{oneisborngoodlooking,oneshouldconsider oneselftobefortunate.Tobebornbeautifulorhand-

sorneisablessingaccordingtotheBuddha.Butone sbouldnot,onaccountoftbatbeauty,orbandsoIenessdeveloparroganceorconceit.Itwillonlyrnake suchapersonrepulsivetootbers·Notonlywilltbat conceitworIKagainstaperson’sappearance,butn]ore in]portantly,itwillbeanobstacletoone,sspiritual progressandhappiness.

叫 ACCUMULATIONOF W/EALTH

／r／J〃or叨γo〃gto凸eγ／C乃γ川C乃gα／川αγeo凸tαi〃M 叻γo〃g乃γ杪咖／川eα川

A惡刪≒辦【!芒泓牙i!二I認↓瞬鰍

floodedwbentberiverburstitsbanks.I/hentherain

ceased,fiveorsixfriendsintbeviIagedecidedtotake aboattotheoppositebank>ustastheywereinthe midd}eo{tberiver,tbeboatstartedto{alIapart.Since aI｝o｛tben﹞couldswin﹞ve「yweIl,theyIun﹞pedinto tberiverandstartedswin]mingacrosstothcother bankOneo{tbe{riendswas{oundtobeswin]n]ing veryslowlydespiteusingaIlhisstrength.

ACCUMULATlONOFWEALTH

229

‘Hey,wbyareyoufallingbebind?,bisfriends sbouted.‘Youusedtoswin]bettertbantberesto{us·’

‘Ibaveatbousandcoinstiedroundn]ywaistand theyareverybeavy!’ ‘Tbewaterisswiftandthecurrentisstrong.Take t}]ecoinsoffandtbrowtben]away!’tbeyadn]onisbed biI.

Despitebisexbaustion,besboolKhisbeadbecause becouldnotbeartopartwitbbisn]oney. Son]eo{bis{riendsw}]oclin]bedontotbe{arsbore

sawtbatbewassinking{ast.‘Tbrowawaytbe nIoney!,tbeysboutedagain.‘W/byn]ustyoubeso stupid?Youareabouttosink!, Butbestillbungontothen]oney,andwassoon sweptawaybytheswi{triveranddrowned. ContentIent

Noonecanreachthestateo{per{ecthappinessunless bebringshiscovetousheartandIindundercon]plete control.Solongasheseeksbisbappinessinthesatisfactiono{bisdesireforn]aterialgains,bewillnever

{indit.ItwillbeiustanelusivedreaIItisbun]anly in]possibletoobtaineverythingonewis}]es,since insatiabilityistbeverynatureo{craving. C>ingingtoMoney

ThereligionoftbeIaterialisticworldtodayisdei{yingn]oney.Everybodywantstobericbquickly,ata}I costsandbyanyn]eansavailable,whetberbyrig}]t{ul

23•HOwTOLIEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

orwrongfuln﹞etbods。T｝﹞eworldissocaugbtupwitb accuIulatingwealtbtbatt}Iebonourablevirtuesof n]orality,bonesty,andintegrityseerntobavelost tbeirinfluenceandn]eaningon}]un]anity.Undertbe siegeo{n]aterialisn],huInanityisrapidlylosingsight o{spiritualvalues.Itisnotwrongtobericb,ifsucb gainsareobtainedthroughrigbt{uln]eans.Ill-gotten gains,bowever,willleadtoproblen]s,dif{icultiesand aguiltyconscience. Inhispursuitofwealt}I’nIanhasIostsightoftbe {acttbatn]oneyisn]erelyan]eanstoanend.Hebas {ai}edtounderstandtbenature’n]eaningandpurpose o｛wealthHeisonlyinterestedinoneain﹞╴iustto baven]oreIoney.Asaresult’beendsupinablind alleyfrustratedandcon{usedbecausebeisnonearer totruebappinesstbanw}Ienbewaspoor.Tbisist}Ie reasonwbyson]ericbn]enareunbappy,restlessand n]iserablebecausetbey{ailtounderstandtbatn]oney n]igbtbeabletobuythen]sensualandmundane p>easuresbutnotbappiness. Manycaseso{swindling,cheating,and{raudbave beenreportedinthenewspapersinvolvingbillionso{ doIlars.T}]eseheinousactshavecauseduntoldsu{fer-

ingandevendeathtothoseunabletobeartbeirlosses pbysicallyorInentally.Tbesedespicableactsare con]Inittedbythoseboldingresponsiblepositions· Tbeyn]isusetheirinteIligenceandtbetrustpIacedin then]bydishonestlyenrichingthernselvesattbe expenseo{others. Sucbun{ortunatedishonestyandbreacboftrustare

ACCUMULATlONOFWEALTH

231

tberesultoftbeobsessivepreoccupationwitbgetting ricbasquicklyaspossible.Theirsoleain]inlifeis ton]aken]oney,andn]oren]oney,andtheyareindifferenteventoreligiousadrnonitions.Honestyand integrityn1eannotbingtot}]en]·Theyneedn]ore Ioneyforrnoreenioyn]entoftbeirsensesanddesire forpossession· TheIhultyEquation

W/ecannotdenythefacttbataccurnulationofwealth doesbringson]edegreeo{bappinessandsecurity.But wesbouldnotn]aketheaccunIlationofwealththe

solepurposeofourlives,asishappeningnow,and forgettbatt}]erearen]anyn]oret}]ingston>akelife Ieaningfultbaniusttheacquisitiono{wealtb.To n]aintainpeaceand}]arn]onyinourlives,wen]ust adoptarealisticandreasonableattitudetowards wealth

He叨l﹚o走〃o叨＄肋αte〃o〃g加se〃o〃gl﹚咖／／α∕叨‘J）／J 乃αUee〃O〃g乃. ～ZαO7b它～

Everybodyseeksbappiness,anditisquitenaturalto doso.Unfortunately,n1anypeopleequatehappiness wit}]wealtb.Toawisen]an,thisisafalseequation. Tobavebutfewdesiresandsatis{actionwitbsin]ple tbingsisasignofasuperiorInan·Allgreatn]enled sin]pIe,yetdignifiedlives,practisingsel{-restraintand

2丑2HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

avoidingalltboseexcesseswhichencouragesensuality anddissipatevitaIenergy.Toputitanotberway, tbe{ewerthenecessities,tbegreatertbebappiness. 正picurus,tbeGreekphilosopbersays’‘〃﹚Ⅲ叨α〃tto 加α走eα川α〃乃α〃）’ααα〃O㎡O肋γ／C乃e5凸川tα走eα叨叫

阮Ⅱα6／γes.’

I/ealthandprosperityarenottbeonlywayto acbievebappiness,sincetheperpetuallyandsingularly discontentedn]indcannotbesatis{iedbyn]erepbysicalcon]{ort·Mosto{ourdailyneedscanbequite easiIyn]et,butnotourinsatiabledesires·In{actapersonwbocouldsin]pIi{yhiswantscangetagreatdeal n]oreoutofhisli{e·Man,sbodyneedsverylittlefor itsupkeep.Manypeopletendtoeattoon]ucbespeciaIIyi{tbeycana{{ordit.Theylivetoeat,noteatto live·W/eneednotbavetospendalottoclotbeourselvesdecent】y.AsSocratesoncesaid:‘Gooα允oααM γ／C乃C／Ot乃e5﹚α／／PO卯／凸／e∕〃x〃γ／eJ’αγe叨乃αU／O〃α／∕ 乃α〃／〃Ⅲ’凸川川e∕／刖et乃αMstαte㎡凸e／〃g叨l﹚eγeo〃e 叨幼eJ允γ〃o咖〃g∕J咖gγeαtejt㎡α／／凸∕加丁o凸eα凸∕e roα〃γoαc乃t乃egγeαteJM）α〃i〃e5J’o〃e川川fgα川eα to凸e／刀gSα㎡城Muj肋／／㎡／巳’ UsingW/ealthProper!y I/eaIthsbouldbeusedwellandwiseIy.Itistobeused {oryourwel{areaswellasotbers.Ifapersonspends bistin]eclingingtobisproperty,withoutfuI{illinghis

obIigationstowardsbiscountry,peopleandreligion, bewilIeadanen]ptyIi{ep}aguedwitbworries.

ACCUMULAT<ONOPWEALTH

2丑3

Pinally,wbenthetiIecornes{orbin]toIeavethis world,bewillrealisetoolatetbatbebadnotIade{ull

useofbiswealthNoone,includingbin]sel{,bas reallybene{ited{ron>tbewealtbhebadsopainstakinglyaccun]ulated· TheBuddbabasadvisedusagainsttbe{oolisbness o{clingingonselfisblytoourproperty,witbout atteInptingtoin1provetbequalityofli{eandbappinessofotbers.Yo〃γPγ叩eγD／叨／∕／γe川αZ〃叨乃e〃）∕o〃 α∕6Yo川介／e〃αsα〃αγe加／Ⅲsuj／∕／允∕∕O叨﹞O〃〃PtO ﹚o〃gγαD巳B甽o〃0﹞o川gooαα〃α凸αααα／o川叨肱乃〕Ⅱ乃αUeαo〃eα川!〃g﹚O〃／〈／b﹣t／川e叨／／／αCCo川pα〃）／）／O〃凸e﹚／O〃αt乃egγαZ／e‧ Manbastbepotentialtodogoodorcon]n]itevil· However,witbdeceitapersonisabletotwistand turnn]atterstobisadvantageinordertoiusti{yany disbonestandunet}Iicalactben]ayconI]it.W/ben anybadactiscon]n]itted,itisbettertocallaspadea spadeandadn]itwrongdoingtoonesel{.Otberwise, onewil}continuetobecbainedtot}]eevi}so{unsatis-

{actoriness.EvenMussoliniandHitlerclaiIedtbey badgoodn]otiveswhentbeycausedthesu{feringso{ otbers.Sowouldatigress,whenshecarriesawaya cbildtofeedbercubs·I{youwanttobetrulyhappy, youn>ustclearlyexarnineyouractionstodetern]ine tbatt}]eyarenotn]otivatedbysel{interestbut{ortbe welfareofa}lbeings·Itistin]e,there{ore,tbatwetake a{resbsurveyofoursituationandreexan]ineanewtbe valueswehold.

Perbapstbispoen]byanunknownauthorcanbelp

23牛HOWTOLlVEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

ustohaveabetterunderstandingofthevalueo{ 『noney.

W乃αt〃◎〃CyoJ〃B〃）／ A凸M凸川〃Ots∕e叩 BOO走J凸川〃Ot走刀O叨∕eαge 凡Oα伽t〃OM〃α』te H〃eU／凸川〃OM,eα〃﹝）／ A乃O川E凸肌〃Otα乃O川e 〃M／C／刀M,川刀OM﹚eα肋

L瓜川』e﹩凸川〃otcOm／bγt P／eα川γeJ凸川〃Ot／﹚α〃／〃e5J ／M／g／O〃凸川〃OtJα／Uαt／O〃‧ s叫〃Ott乃αt咖Ms）／O〃γJα〃αt乃αti5咖〃e》 J川tJ〃’t肋α川eto﹞O〃α〃αtO川e, So叨e川〃〃otγegγα咖允α／〃g咖〃e’ ○fα∕∕咖g∕oγ／o川咖〃gJ叨乃／c乃ceαJeαto凸6

25 IVNGINHARMONY W/ITHOTHERS

L／t∕／〃g／〃乃αγ川O〃）／Ⅷ肋Ot乃eγJ川eα川∕卹〃g／〃乃αγ川O〃﹚叨肋〃αt〃巳A〃α〃αt川e／MfpγoteαJ）／o﹪

A盎!刪芸韜刪鞦鰓雌縱:聰

wen]ustrecognisetbattherearen]anypatbspeople cantaketoreachtbesaIegoal.Therefore,wesbould notbeundulyupsetifotberpeoplepractisetbeirown custon]sorbaveopinionswbicharedi{{erent{ron] ours·

MannersandCuston>s

T}]estandardo{goodn]annersdi{feran]ongpeople

236HOWTOLIEWlTHOUTFEAR&WORRY

belongingtodifferentsocieties.InsoIecountries, guestsatdinnerareexpectedtoeatasnoisilyas possible.ItisalsonotconsiderediInpolitei{tbeguests belchattbeendoftben]ealsincetbiswouldindicate

totbebosttbattbeybadreallyenjoyedtben]eal. Eatingriceandcurriesbyusingtbefingersislooked downuponbyson]epeople.TosoIeotberseating riceandcurriesusingaforkandspoonislikecarrying onaronIanticrelationsbiptbrougbaninterpreter. Sucbtablen]annerswouldbeconsideredrude,ill-

n>anneredinotbersocieties.W/bileinonecountry, puttingone’sfingerinone,sn>outbornose{orany reasonisconsideredn]ostinsulting,itn]ayn]ean

notbinginsoIeotbercountries.Son>epeopletbinkit isdegradingtobestruckbyashoe,yetan]ongotber people,aslippercanbeusedforspankingacbild. I/ediscovertbepeculiaritiesoftben]annersand custoIsprevailinginotbersocietiesn1ostnoticeably wbentravelling.Wesbouldnotpreiudgen]annersand custoItooquicklyastowbatisproperorin]proper· Inthen]selves,Iannersareneitbergoodnorbad,but wbentbeycauseiIeelingsinotbers,tbenthiscanbe consideredasbadn]anners·

W/earelivinginanevercbangingworld·W/esbould notclingblindlytothetraditions,custon]s,n]anners ritesandritualspractisedbyourforefatbersorancestorswboadoptedtbesepracticesaccordingtotheir beliefsandunderstandingcapacityprevalentatthat tin1e.Son]ecustoInsortraditionsbandeddownby

ourancestorsn>aybegood,wbileotbersarelessuse-

LIlNGlNHARMONYWlTHOTHERS23>

{ul.I/esbouldconsiderwithanopenn]indwbetber tbesepracticesarecongenialandsigni{icanttotbe n]odernworId·

IntbeKalan]aSutta,tbeBuddbahasgiventhis adviceaboutcuston]s,traditions,beIiefsandprac-. tices:‘W/benyouknow{oryourselftbatcertaintbings areunwboIeson〕e／／J走川α山／andwrong’andbadfor youandothers,thengivetben]up…Andwbenyou know{oryourselvestbatcertainthingsarewboleson﹞e伏川α呵andgoodforyouandotbers,tben accepttben]andfolIowthen]., Son]eelderlypeoplecannottoleratetbenIodern ideasandwayso{Iivingoftbeyoungergeneration. TbeyexpecttheircbiIdrento{ollowthesan]eageoId custon]sandtraditionso{tbeirfore{athers.Insteadof

adoptingsucbanattitude,tbeyshou}dallowtbe cbi>drenton]ovewitbtbetin]esi{tbeactivitiesare barn]less.ElderssbouldcalIton]indbowtheirown

parentsbadobiectedtocertainpopularn]odesof bebaviourprevaIentattbetin]ewbentheywere young.Tbesedifferencesinperceptionbetweentbe conservativeparentsandtbeyoungergenerationisa coInn]onsourceo{con{lictwitbin{an]iIiesoftoday. Tbisdoesnotn]eanthatparentsshouldhesitateto counselandguidetheircbildreniftbeybavegone astrayduetoson]eerroneousvalues·Butwben correctingt}Ien],theysbouldobservetbeprinciple tbatpreventionisbettertbanpunisbn]ent·Parents shouIdalsoexplaintotheircbildrenwbytbeydisapproveorapproveo{certainvalues.

238HOWTOLlVEWITHOUTFEAR&WORRY

A>>owingOtherstl>eRighttoDiffer I{apersonlivesallbybinIself,tbenbewillnotbave anyproblen]witbdifferingopinions.Butifwebave cbosentoliveinsociety,weInustlearntorespectand dealwitbviewsandopinionsofotherseventbougb theydonotconforIwitbours路 UTbant,tbeforn]erSecretaryGeneraloftbe UnitedNationsbassaidtbatwhenbewasinhisoffice

hetookgreatcarenottopusbbispersonalbeliefsand traditionalpracticesontbosebeworkedwitbeither byexan>pleorspeechV/benbewasatbon>ebowever, befollowedbisBurn]esetraditionsconcerning language,{oodandreligionfully.Tbissbowsbowat leastonegreatrnanneverusedbispersonalinfluence toforceotberstoacceptbisownbeliefandwayof li{e.

V/earealsolivinginaworldwhereIightisstronger tbanrigbt.Tbestrongtakesadvantageoftbeweak andtbericbexploitstbepoor路V/esbouldavoidacting intbisway.Ifwecannotagree,wehavetolearnat leasttoagreetodisagree.V/esbouldexpressourviews gentlyandpolitelywithouttryingtoirnposeviewson othersbyforce路TbosewbousepbysicalforcetoovercoIetbeiropponentsclearlyshowtheirinabilityto convincetbeopponentstbattbeyarerigbt. V/efindcoInfortintbosewboagreewitbus,but

personalgrowtboccursinsituationswberetbereare dif{erencesinviews路Son]etin>est}Ieopinionotbers baveo{ourattitudesoractionsn1aynotbeson]et}]ing

LlⅥNC﹛NHARMONYwlTHOTHERS2丑9

wewouldliketobear.Buti{welistentothen]care-

{u>ly,wewi}IreaIisetbatthereareson]etruthsinthose opinions.Tbiscangiveusachanceforsel{in]proveInenti{wearepreparcdtocbangeourwaysand approacbcs.Thewor>dis>ikeagardenwitbdi{{erent kindso{{lowers.Likeabeegatheringboney{ron]a flower,weshouIdbeselectiveincboosingwbatis goodandlcavebehindwbatisnotuseful.Itisin]possible{orustopIeaseeverybodywhenwewantto doson]ething,becausedi{{erentpeopIebavedi{{erent opinionsononeparticularissue. •••••

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WEcα〃〃ot尸∕eαsee仍fy凸o叮.Oncean﹞anandbisson weretakingadonkeytotben]arke[.Astbevwere walking,son]epeopIesawtbemandren]arked,‘Look attbese{ools,whydon)ttbeyridetbedonkey>,Tbe n]anbeardtbisandaskedtbesontoridethedonkev

whilehewalkedalongside.Anoldwon]anseeingtbis ren]arked,‘I/batistheworldcon]ingto>Lookattbat youngIhanridingcon]{ortabIywIeben]akesbis poor{at}]erwaIk!’Sotbeyoungn]angotdownand thistin]ethe{atberrodetbedonkey.Astbeywent aIong,a>/oungwon]anpassingbysaid,‘Wb>/don,t botI]o{>/ougctonthcanin]aI>,SotI]cy|istcnedtoI]er andbothrodcontbeanin]alYetanotbergroupwbo sawtben]said,‘Ob!I/batapooranin]aI.I[basto carryt}]osetwo{atgood-{or-notI]ings!HowcrueI son]epeopIecanbe!’Bythistin]etbe{atberandson

2牛○HOWTOLⅣEW【THOUTFEAR＆WORRY

weregettingquite{edup·TheydecidedtodisIount andcarrytbedonkeyinsteadsoastostopeveryone froIta}king.Tbisledpeopletolaugbandsay,‘look attbesebuIan‘‘donkeys’,carryingadonkey’.O{ coursetbedonkeydidnotliketbispeculiararrangeInentatall·V/hilstapproachingariver,itstruggled vigorouslytosetitselffreeand{inallytbeIan,bisson andtheirdonkeyaIandedtben]selvesintbewater. ••=••

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I/henyoutryandp>easeeveryone,youwillendup pleasingnooneandintbeend,youwillonlyland yoursel{introuble. PatienceandTolerance

TbosewbocanreInaincbeer{uIduringdi{ficulttin]es areadIirableandasourceofinspirationtootbers·

Tbeycanavoidcon{lictsbyseeingtbeligbtersideof things.Awisen]ancanavoidaquarrelbyanswering iokesandren]arksdirectedathin]witbanotberioke· V/benpeoplebuIiliateuswen]ustlearnbowto {acetbenIgentIybygoodbun]ouredlyturningtbe iokeagainsttheIn. ■㎡

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A／o足e允γ肋eJo走eγ.Oncetberewasafan﹞ous EnglishIanwbowenttoaparty.I/benbewasoutof theroon],bis{riendsdecidedtopIayapractical}oke

onbin]·Tbeypaintedthe{aceo{anassontbeback

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o{bisovercoat.Tbepartyendedandastben]anwent togethiscoat,benoticedtbepainting.Insteado{gettingangry’becaln]lyasked,‘Didanyonewipehis{ace onn]ycoattbisevening>’His{riendso{coursewere surprisedattbisquestion.HeexpIained,‘Well,Iiust askedbecausetbein]pressiono{bisfaceren]ainson tbebacko{n]ycoat.’ •<

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W/hatsbouldyoudowhenyouIoseinagan]e?You shouldnotsbowyourten]per,sincebydoingsoyou willnoton}yspoiItbe{uno{tbegan]ebutalsoIose your{riends,respect. Everypersonisresponsibleforn]akingabetter worldbyplantingtbeseedsofpatience,Ioveand honestydeeplyinthebuInanheart.Eventually,anew erawiIblosson]duringbisli{etin]ebringingbene{itto hisgenerationandtbegcnerationstocon]e.Heisa culturedn]anwhoknowsbowto{acedi{{icultieswitb

syn]pathyandunderstanding. TbenIarko{agreatn]anliesinhowbefacesdaiIy irritationswithequanin]ity. •

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H2／s〃ot川）／se〃α〃t伽t川Weαc乃eγ.AgreatIndian BuddbistteacberVen.Dipankarawasinvitedto TibettopreachtheDhan]rna.Theteacbertookalong withbiman]anwbowasnotonlyquarrelson]eand irresponsiblebutabadcookasweII.A{terobserving

2斗2HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

bin]forquitesonIetinIetbeTibetansapproac}Iedthe teacberrespectfullyandsaid,‘Master,whydoyou toleratetbisuselesscoolKofyours╴｝﹞eisn﹞oreofa nuisancethanabelptoyou.W/hydon’tyousend hiIbaclK?W/ewillgladlyattendtoyourneeds.’Tbe teacbersn]iledandreplied,‘Ah!youdon’tunderstand,IdonotlKeep}IinIasrnyservantbutasn1y teacber.,T}IeTibetansweresurprisedandasked‘How istbatso?,Tbeteacherexplained,‘Yousee,}Iisine{ficiencyandbisquarrelson]enatureteachnIeto practisepatienceandtoleranceeveryday.Therefore,I valuebin].’ `•••••• •• p=0

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Son>ernaysaythattbequalityo{patienceandtoleranceisin]practicalandtooidealistictobefollowed. SoIearecynicalandwonderifIanwboisstruggling toekeoutaliving{ron]a}]ostiIeworldcanreallybe interestedincultivatingloveandkindness.V/hileitis noteasytopractisethesequalities’tbeyarepossible witbperseveranceanddetern]ination.T}IeBuddba andbisdisciplesprovedtbistobetrueonnun]erous occaslons·

Diplon>acy

Youcannotbopetoacbievepeacebycorrectingeach andeverypersoninthisworld.IntbesanIeway,you cannotren]ovetbeworldo{stonesandthornssotbat

tbepatbwayn]aybesn]ootb·TofeelcoIfortable walkingonunevenground,weshouldtrywearinga

LlVINGINHARMONYWlTHOTHERS2午丑

pairofsboesinstead.Likewise,wesbouldlearnto guardoursensestobavepeaceofrnindsincewecannotsucceedinren]ovingdisturbingobiectsfroIthe world.

Tberearen]anywaystocorrectapersonifbeis wrong.Bycriticising,blanIingandsboutingatbinI public>y,youwillnotbeabletocorrecthin]butyou onlyIakebin]Ioreadan]antinbisviews. Speaktobin]kindlyinpointingoutbisn]istakes, beisn]orelikelytolistentoyou,andson]edaybewill tbankyouforyourguidanceandkindness. W/heneveryouexpressyourviewsregardingcertain n]atters,avoidbars}]wordsspolKenwit}Iangersoas nottohurtthefeelingsofotbers.Alwaysexpressyour viewsgentlyorpolitely·Ontheother}Iand,you sbouldnotloseyourternperorsbowyoursulkyface w}]enyourfaultsarepointedout.Youn]aythinkthat bylosingyourten>per,sbowinganuglyface,and shoutingatotbers,youcanintiIidateothersinorder thattbeyn]ayoverlookyourshortcoIings.Tbisisa wrongattitudetoadopt.Rudeness,yelling’angerand swearingareaweakn]an,siInitationo{strength H.H.theDalaiLan]aoncesaid:‘W/henIn]eet

anotberbun]anbeing,Iwouldneverconsiderabout hisrace,colour,creedorstatusinlife.V/batIwould feelisthatIbaven]etanotbern]en]berofour}Iun]an

fan]ily’. Toknowmoreabouthumanproblemsread‘W/hitherMankind?, bythesameauthor·

26 MANCANCHANGEHIS ENVIRONMENT

MZM／sr乃eαγC肋eα㎡O川允t巳Itα〃川α走e川’／C走’oγ irα〃C〃γe川.

M贓刪b姍詩憮u刪Ⅲ晶鰓

unerringlyandinexorably,arenotswayedbypraises, prayersorsacri{ices·Tbeyoperateatthepbysicaland n]entalrealIswitbouttbeinterventiono{alaw-giver· Oneofsucbnatura}lawswbichbaveastrongbearing ontbequalityofbun]anlifeistbecosn]iclawof kaIn]a.Thislawoperatesattben]oralspbere. I/boleson]eandunw}]oleson]eactsperforn]edby thougbt,wordanddeedwillinduetin]eproducetbeir

MANCANCHANGEHlSENVlRONMENT2牛5

correspondinggoodandbadresults. Ifan]aniscruel’perforn]swickedacts,anddoes notliveinconforIitywitbthenaturalcosrniclaws, hepollutestbewboleatn]ospherewitbbisunwbolesoIedeeds.Asaresultofsuchunwboleson]edeeds’

unfavourableresultswillarisen1akingitdifficultfor binItoleadabappy,contentedandpeacefullife.He createsunbappinessforbiInselfandotherswitbbis pollutedn]ind.Ontbeotberband,ifbelivesincon{orn]itywitbthenaturalcosn]iclawandleadsa rigbteousandblaIelessli{e,bepurifiestbeatrnospberewithtbenIeritsofhisvirtues.W/itbbispositive n]entalvibrations’bein{luencestbosearoundbin]as

wellascreatesanenvironn]entconducivetopeaceand bappiness. Cu>tivatingVirtue

Butvirtueandapositivefran]eofn]indarenotqualitieswbicbariseinapersonauton]atically·Porn]any, itissoeasytogiveintoanger,iealousy,illwill,vengeance,selfisbness,especiallywhenunderpressureor con]petition·Effortisneededforapersontoreturn goodinthefaceofunfavourableconditions.Heneeds aclearappreciationoftbein]portanceofpractising virtueandtbeneedtoovercon]ebatred,egoisticpride andselfisbdesires. q㎡

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W】﹚αtiSγCα／tγeα甽γCβOncetherewasan〕anwbo

lovedto{latterothers{orhispersonalgain.He

z牛6HOWTOLⅣEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

obtainedapieceofiadeonedayandtriedtopresent ittoan]inister.Despitepersuasions,then]inister refusedtoacceptt}Ieiade. Tbernansaid,‘Tbisisarealtreasure!Noordinary personisworthyo{usingit.Onlyapersonofyour calibrecanuseit.Itisonlyappropriatethattbispiece ofiadebeownedandwornbyyou. ‘Youn]ayconsidertbisiadetobeatreasure,’said t}]euprightn]inister.‘ButIan]noteasilytakeninby {>attery.ThisisnIytreasure!, ,

斗斗斗斗斗斗

Virtueiscultivatedtbrougbconscientioustraining. Apersonwhowishestoacquirevirtuesshouldn]ake itababittocultivaternoralqualitiesindailylife.In thesan]en]annerastudentrnustworkonbislessons

consistentlyinordertobesuccessfulinbisstudies.In tbebeginning,bebastodrawoneveryef{ortand deterIinationtodeveloppositivequalities,especially i{bebasastronginclinationtowardsnegativetendencies.Tbroug}]tbeapplicationo{n]ind{ulnessand c{fort,becanreversetbesenegativetendenciesand cultivategoodn]ental,verbalandbodilyhabits.Once tbesegoodbabitsareinplaceanddevelopedthrough practice,atinIewillcon]ewbenbewillfinditincreasinglydifficuIttocornn]itnegativeandunwboleson]e

actions‧Tbea￠tionstbatarise｛ron﹞bin﹞willnatura】ly

bespontaneous,creativeandskilful’goodtbougbt habits,leadtobappiness.

MANCANCHANGEHlSENⅥRONMENTz今亥

Usingtl>eMindCreative>y

MindistbealInigbty,all-powerful’theon]nipotent creatoro{goodandevil.Mindistbecauseofallevils’ andallevilsaren]ind-n1ade.Itcanalsobetbecauseof

all}Iappiness’prosperityandpleasure,foralltbese statesaren>ind-n]ade.Isitnotan]azingtbattbougb ourn]indiswitbinus,yetwedonotknowitsnature? Butsornepeopleclairntbattbeycanreadthen]indsof others.Noonecanseethefuture’>eastofallones own。卡‧k卡‧k卞。k

Reαα／γzgo肋e汀’川i〃小.Apro｛essionaln1ind-reader wasn]akingafortunebyclain1ingtbat}]ewasableto readtbetbougbtsofotberpeople。Onedayayoung n]ancan]etobiIn.HeslIowedbin1abigstickandsaid, ‘Readn]yn]ind.An1Igoingtobeatyouornot?’Tbe n1ind-readersawtbepredican]entbewasin.The youngn1anwoulddenyitifbesaideitberyesorno. BeingunabletoreadtbeyoungIan’sIind,tben]ind readersawthatitwasbesttosaynothing. ••

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{ron]ignorancewbicbbastobeoutgrownthrougb wisdoI.Hereiectedasatbeological{ictiontbebelief thatIaniscursedbyaGod,borninsin’shapedin iniquity,anddestinedtoaIiserableeternity.Intbe viewo{tbeEnligbtenedOne,everypersonbasthe

2午8HOWTOLIVEWITHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

capacityfortbepursuitofgoodness,andeventhe rnostviciouspersoncanbybisorherowneffort becon]ean]ostvirtuousbeing.Andanycrin]e,howevergreat,isnotpunisbablebyanunendingeternity ofsuffering. Tbinkoft}]en]indasatool·Itcanbeconstructive

i{usedwell’ordestructiveifusedbadly.Thecboiceis uptous.Asingletbougbtcansetof{acbainreaction ofdeedst}Iatcaneitherbringbappinessorsadnessin itspathItisforthisreasontbatson]ucben]phasisis placedonn]indtraininginBuddbisn],sinceawelltrainedn]indisclearlytbekeytoabappy’peacefuI andcontentedlife.

Tben]indisson]ewbatlikeelectricity.Tbeelectric currentcankillapersonw}Iograspsalivewireiustas readilyasitwillfloodbisbon]ewit}Iligbt.Son]uc}] dependsonbowitisused.Sin]ilarly,apersonwbo perforn]sevildeedsandignorestbelawoftben]indis onlyinvitingsuffering·Conversely,t}]en]asteryo{bis Inindcanbringbin>greatbappiness. TbeBuddbasays:‘Rαα加〃t／﹩t凸e咖〃α／〃γee〃eγg）／ !ⅢtJeⅢ川巳I加Po∕∕川eαo〃b勿α哦∕e川e〃t﹩川tis noteasytocontrolourevilthougbts,andevenIore difficulttorenounceunwholeson]etboughtso{lust, bateanddelusion,wbicbcanonlybeeradicated througbn]indtraining·

Tbougbtsarebebindoureveryaction.Tberepeated perforn]anceo{tbeseactionsinturndetern]ineour character·Ifwetbinkkindly,webecoInekind;i{we thinkcruelly,webecon]ecrueI;ifwetbinkdeceit-

MANCANCHANGEHlSENVlRONMENT2午9

{ully,webecon]edeceitful;ifwetbinkbonestly,we becon1ehonest;andifwetbinkcon]passionately,we beconIecon]passionate.Sucbistbee{{ectofour thougbtsonourbehaviourandnature· OurMission

Itis,tberefore,in]portantforustodevelopour thougbtsofcon>passionandwisdoInsoastodevelop our}Iun]anequalities.W/esbouldbehappytobeborn asburnanbeings.Beingbornbun]anistberesultof ourpastgoodactions·Ashun]ans,webavetbeunparalleledopportunitytoacquiren]eritsanddevelop wisdon]’tberebycontributingtoourwell-beingand bappiness·Letusliveali{e{illedwithpurposeand addqualitytobuIanexistence.W/esbouldnotwaste ourbun]anbirthbyabusingthisprivilegeandcoIn]ittingunwholesorneactionsw}Iicbsurelyleadto rnisery.Donotletourdayspassbyliketbesbadowof acloud,leavingnotracebehind W/hatisneededtodayisthereturntothewisdonIof tbepast,whicbisalsotbebigbestwisdon]ofthe future.YetitisnotiusttbewisdoIoftbepastorthe future.Itistheeternalwisdon]discoveredbytbe Budd}IaanditbelongstoallagesandallracesofIankind.Itistbewisdon]oft}]eDbaIn]a·TbiswisdoIn

islikeadeepwel>,fedbyperennialsprings.Letus draw{ron]tbisperennialspringofwisdon]for witboutit,lastingpeaceandrealprogressforindividualsaswellasnationswillbein]possible.

2了 HUMANDIGNITY

IM﹚αM’ee〃c∕eαγb川e咖Ⅲα／〃咖α川／e刀t洫∕OJ叩乃﹞ t乃αt咖卹巾oseqfo〃／﹟／b／川or／川tJe吮J乃αggγα〃αiZe﹣ 川e〃M’刎咖〃o凸／eαα㎡凸e∕〃g㎡﹩eγu／Cetoo咖γJ.

L話刪刪緇刪鑒勰腰駢瞄

wbichisrelevanttothissin]pleandyetson]et1Inesconfusingsubiecttouc}IingonbuIandignity. W/hatarethehunIanequalitieswhichgiveriseto dignityandnobility?Theyarebasedontben]oral, etbical,intellectualandspiritualnorIswhicbwe buIanbeingsupholdandtreasureinourday-to-day relationsbipswitboneanot}Ier.Asburnanbeingswe

HUMANDlGNlTY

25>

haven]indswhichwecandeveloptosuchanextent tbatwecandi{ferentiatebetweenwbatisrigbtand wbatiswrong,betweenwbatweshouldbeproudo{ andwbatweshouldbeasbaIedof·Thesearehun]ane

qualitiestbatweallcherishas}Iun]anbeings.Itisin cberishingsucbvaluestbatwedistinguishourselvesas hun]anbeingsandnotanin1als· Tobeabletodevelopone’srnindonernustbeableto developandsustainone’stbinkingpowerw}Iicbistbe abilitytoiudgebetweenwbatisethicalandwbatis unetbical,w}]atisn]oralandirnn]oral,whatisgood andwhatisbadandwbatisrightandwbatiswrong· Tbeseareattributeswitbintbegraspofbun]anbeings. Anin﹞alsdonotbavesuc｝﹞attributes╴anin﹞alsactby instinct.Itwouldappeartbatbun]anbeingsaretbe onlylivingbeingstbatcandeveloptbeirrnindsortheir tbinkingpowertosuc｝Ihighlevels╴eventot｝Ieextent o{attainingBuddbabood. MoralShan>eandMora>Fear

Be{oretbeadventofworldreligions,hun]anbeings wereguidedbytwovaluable{actors,w}]icbinprin]itivetin]es,contributedtotbeupboldingo{tbedignity ofn﹞an.Tbeyare‘H／γ／’and‘Orm〃α’.‘H／γ／,ist｝Ie shan]eapuren]indfeelsatthetboughtofdoingevil. ‘O咖〃α’istbeaversionwbichcausesonetosbrinlK {ron]doingevil.‘Moralsbarne’and‘Moral{ear’invariablygovernallactionsofthebun]anbeing·Tbe anin]a}isguidedonlybytbeinstinctofsurvival,and doesnotactthroug}Iasenseo{n]orality·However,

252HOWTOLlVEWITHOUTPEAR&WORRY

wbenhun]anbeingssuccuInbtotbeevile{fectso{ drugs,liquor,lust,anger,greed,envy’,sel{is}Inessand bate,tbeylosetbeirbalance·TbeydenytbeIselves tberig}IttobunIandignityandbecon]elikeanin]als.

V/bileweprideourselvesascivilisedbun]anbeings, wenotewitbdeepregrettbebebaviourandattitudes ofsoIeofourpeoplewbicbcanbedescribedasno bettertbanthoseofanin]als·Tbisiscertainlynota developnIenttbatwewanttoencourageforrnankind. AbunIanbeingwboisworthyofrespect,sbouldbe onewbobastheattributesofPearandSban]e,whois

kind,con]passionateandsyn]patbetictootbers,who isa{raidtocausebarn]tootbersbutiseverprepared tolendabelpingbandwbeninneed.TheseareordinarybunIanvalueswbicbwesbouldallcherisband upbold.W/esboulddevelopourbun]anequalitiesand notviolatetben]·Bybeingofservicetootbers,we developgreatvirtueswbicbareinberentinus.By beingo{servicetootbers,wesbowaspiritofunderstanding,kindness,con]passion,bonesty,sin]plicity’ gentleness,buIilityandcontentn]ent·Tbeseare worthyburnanvalueswbicbwesbouldbeproudto acqulre.

DifferentCharacteristicsofHun>anBeings Tberearecertaincbaracteristicsinourbun]annature

wbichwebavetoguardandnurturecarefullyinto usefulburnanvalues.Rougblyspeaking’tbesecbaracteristicsaredividedintothreeaspects,ourα〃∕川α∕ nature,our伽川α〃natureandourα∕u／〃enature.

HUMANDlGNlTY

25]

Tbesetbreecbaracteristicsin{luenceourbebaviourin

variousdegrees.I｛wegivewaytoourα〃加α∕〃α加γe witboutn]akinganye{{orttosubdueorcontrolour uglyactions’wewillbecon]ealiabilitytosocietj/. Religionisanin]portanttoolwl]icbcanbelpusto controlouranin]alnature·Religion,witbtbenoble teacbingscon]ing{rornillustriousreligiousleaders, sbouldserveasaguideforproperbuIanebebaviour· Religionalsoservesasatoolforustocultivate, nurtureandin]proveontbevariousaspectsofour bidden加川α〃〃α卹γe.BycultivatingandinIproving ourbun]annature,weultiIatelyachieveourdivine goal－weattainourαiu／〃e〃α川γe.Byacbievingdivine nature,weacbievetbelevelofdeveloprnentatwbich thebaseen]otionso{greed,lust,anger,batred, iealousy,envyandotberunwelcoIeattributesare coIpletelyelin]inated,tbusInakingthebuIanbeing n]orenobleandworthyo{tbehigbestrespect.V/ith tbebelpo{religion,wecontrolandsubdueouranin]al nature,wecultivateandin]proveourbun]annature, andweacbieveourdivinenature·

Tbisdivinenaturedependsontbedevelopn]entof goodwiIlorfriendlinessorcarefortbewelfareof others’conIpassionorkindness’syn]patheticioyat otbers,progressandin]partiaIitytowardsgainorloss andpraiseorblan]e·Thisisalsoknownastbesublin]e state.

ItisironicaltbatI]anyreligionistsarestiIlunder tben]isapprebensiontbatonecanacbieveone’sdivine goalbytbesin]pleacto{prayingorworsbippingand

25令HOWTOLⅣEWlTHOUTFEAR＆WORRY

thesirnpleperforn]anceofcertainritesandrituals. Thisattitudcrnustbecbanged.W/e}Iaveourduties andobligationsto{ulfillinorderthatwen]ayliveas realanddignifiedhun]anbeings.W/ehavetocultivate anddeveIopourhun]annatureinordertoacbieveour divineattributes·W/en]ustpractiseallt}Iebun]an

valuesforthegoodandwelI-beingofbuIanity.W/e rnustdoalltbegoodwecananderadicatealltbatis evil.Thereligionso{tbeworldbavebeendeveloped toguideusands}Iowust}Iecorrectpat}Itolivein peaceandbarn]ony.AlIreligionsshouldprovidetbeir followerswithiI]portantandsuitabIeguidelinesto enableeveryonetoliveandworktogetberwit}I n]utualrespect,understandinganddignity.AscoreIigionistsweshouldallbeabletolivewitbone

anotherwitboutbarbouringanyhatred’iealousy, enn]ityorfeelingsofsuperiority.Buddbisn]givesus sucbguidance. Oneofthegoldenrulestoleadadignifiedlifeisto baveabalancedlivelihood╴withoutinanywaygoing intoextren]es·TbeBudd}Mdoesnotadviseusto

tortureourbodyorourIindintbecauseo{religion. V/ecanpractiseourreligionasrationalbeings.Donot overdothings·Sbouldnotforgettben]ostin]portant aspecto｛】ife╴ourspiritualdevelopn﹞ent.Tbeteacb﹣ ingo{tbeBuddbacanbecategorisedinthreeways: happiness{orthislife,bappiness{ortbebereafterand bappinessfortbeultin〕ateacbieven﹞ent╴Nibbana.In tbepursuito{t}]esethreekindsofbappiness,an]an canacbievedignityandnobility.

I/ithbadadvisorsfbreverleftbehind,

ProIpathsofcvilhedcpartsfbretern1ty, SoontoseetbeBuddbaofLi1nitlessLight Andper比ctSan】antabhadra,sSupreⅢeV○ws. Thesupren]eandendlessblessings ofSamantabhadra,sdeeds,

Inowun1versallytrans比r. Mayevcrylivingbeing,drown1ngandadrift, SoonreturntothcLandof

Li1nitlessLigbt! TheV•wsofSaIantabhadra

Ivowthatwbenrnyli忙approachesitsend, Allobstruct1onswillbesweptaway; IwillseeAInitabhaBuddha, AndbeborninhisLandofUltiIateBlissandPeace·

WbenrebornintbeI/CsternLand,

Iwillper比ctandcoⅢpletelyfUlfill I/ithoutexceptiontbeseGreatV•ws’ Tbdelightandbencfitallbeings. TheV•wsofSainantabhadra

AvataIsalKaSutra