What are plans and planners for? Discussing aims of spatial planning in informal urbanization Delft University of Technology
SpatialPlanning &Strategy URBANISM
This presentation claims that... THE RIGHT TO THE CITY RIGHT to RIGHTS RIGHT TO THE CITY POSITIVE RIGHTS RIGHTS
NEGATIVE
PUBLIC GOODS COLLECTIVE UNDERTAKINGS POLITICALLY, INSTITUTIONALLY PROCEDURALLY
MAIN TOOLS SPATIAL JUSTICE RIGHT TO THE CITY
This presentation
shifting paradigms: from criminals to entrepreneurs
What do you see? •
hope
•
entrepreneurship
•
affirmation of the right to BE in the city
•
the possibility to access a much larger and diversified labour market
•
access to improved health care, educational opportunities and cultural opportunities
INCREASED LIFE CHANCES
Mumbai
Sao Paulo
Poor official responses
Mexico
Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai
How can those compare to this? University of California, Berkeley
slums have come to be seen as...
Slums lack:
+-900 million people in slums (UN Habitat)
Text
Lagos
Some problems
Aestheticization of poverty
Not Turner a new idea
Caracas
Turn to neoliberalism
Paraisopolis
What I see
ENORMOUS LACK OF ACCESS TO PUBLIC GOODS
Sao Paulo
‘Let the poor take their future in their own hands’
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
The Right to the City
Negative rights
Positive rights
Positive rights are deeply connected to access to public goods
Positive rights are deeply connected to access to public goods
Role of planning? support
material/spatial inclusion
access to negative AND positive rights public goods
PUBLIC GOODS
Intangible assets that can be enjoyed by all
Intangible assets that can be enjoyed by all
A bridge is not a public good but it promotes one
Sao Paulo ‘green’
Holland
Green Heart of the Randstad
Public goods and collective action
Exclusionary spaces
The just city
Sao Paul
lack of access to public goods
Sao Paulo
Role of the State and of planning
Different models of democratic societies
Models of society
The Hague
Tne European experience
The Hague
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Consequences for the role of governments (and planners)
Interconnections positive rights and the right to the city
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
saudi arabia Perus
bahamas Anhanguera
Trememb e
Argentina
venezuela
ukraine
Jaragua
Cachoeirinha
Brasilandia
lybia
cuba Jacana
cyprus
Tucuruvi
M andaqui
cyprus
Pirituba
croatia
chile
Freguesia do O
S. D omingos
Czech Rep. Casa
slovakia Limao bahrain Verde
mauritius
Denmark
Jaragua
Vila Guilherme Malta
Lapa
germany Santa Retiro Cecilia
Perdizes
Pinheiros
spain
chile
Rio Pequeno
cuba
M orumbi
Vila Sonia
Norway
Itaim Bibi
FRance
Cyprus
M oema
Australia
ukraine
Carrao
Guaianases
cyprus
Cidade Lider
cuba
Malaysia Parque do Carmo
MALTA Ipiranga
cyprus
Vila Pruden te
Dominican Rep.
Alvim
bahamas
SWEDEN Vila M ariana
Jose Bonifacio
Panama
Panama
bahrain opemba emba Sapop
Sao Mateus
bosnia
Iguatemi
sri lanka
Saude
Camp o
Vila Andrade
New Zealand Belo
estonia
Capao Redondo
Sao Rafael
cyprus Sacoma Cursino uruguay
ukraine
Santo Amaro
Camp o Limp o
oman
Cidade Tiradentes
ukraine
Sao Lucas
Japan
bulgaria
kazakhstan
Lajeado
Artur Russia bahamas
cyprus
Vila Agua Rasa Formosa Aricanduva cyprus
Austria
Iceland
Butanta
Itaim Paulista
Vila Curuca
Itaquer a
Argentina Vila Matilde
Tatuape
Lib erdade
Paulista
Vila Jacui
Austria
Belem
Bras S. Korea IcelandSWEDENs.Korea republica MALTA Se Consolac ao poland Australia M ooca slovenia Bela Cambuci singapore Finland Norway Vista Jardim
Jaguare
sri lanka
peru
Penha
Pari
Argentina
Alt o de Pinheiros
qatar
Jardim Helena
Sao M iguel
Pont e Rasa st kitts
Argentina
Bom
Barra Funda
Vila Leopoldina
Albania
seychelles Vila Maria
bulgaria
lybia
Cangaiba
Santana
spain
Ermelino M atar azzo
seychelles
Hong kong Argentina
singapore
Raposo avar T es
Vila M edeiros
latvia
Netherlands
Jabaquara
poland
Jardim Sao Luis
Malaysia
Campkong o Hong Grande
Cidade lybia Ademar
Socorro S.KOrea
Sky high: SWEDEN
Pedreira
turkey
thailand Cidade D utra
Jardim A ngela
mexico
Very high: Spain high: Czech republic
Grajau
China
Dominican republic
moderately high: mexico
Parelheiros
Medium: thailand Medium to low: kyrgystan kyrgyztan M arsilac
N
0
20km
HDI Human development index (2007( city of sao paulo districts compared
data source: PMSP and IBGE/PNUD 2007 there are no districts that score less than 0.7, therefore no district with low HDI the lowest HDI index belongs to marsilac (0.701
Sao Paulo
Anhanguera
Trememb e
Argentina
venezuela
ukraine
Jaragua
Cachoeirinha
Brasilandia
lybia
cuba Jacana
cyprus
Tucuruvi
M andaqui
cyprus
Pirituba
croatia
chile
Freguesia do O
S. D omingos
slovakia Limao bahrain
mauritius
Denmark
Jaragua
Lapa
Verde
Santana
spain
Bom Retiro
Barra Funda
germany Santa
singapore
Cecilia
Perdizes
Vila Guilher Maltame
Pinheiros
spain
M orumbi
Vila Sonia
FRance
Cyprus
Norway
Argentina
Itaim Bibi
M oema
Australia
Albania
cyprus
ukraine
cyprus
Cidade Lider
cuba
MALTA cyprus
Vila Pruden te
Lajeado
Guaianases
bahamas
Malaysia Parque do Carmo
Jose Bonifacio
Panama
Panama
bahrain opemba emba Sapop
Camp o
estonia
bulgaria
Sao Mateus Iguatemi
sri lanka
oman
Cursino
Sacoma
uruguay
Sao Rafael
ukraine
Santo Amaro
Camp o Limp o
Capao Redondo
cyprus
Cidade Tiradentes
ukraine
Sao Lucas
bosnia
Japan
New Zealand Belo
kazakhstan
Dominican Rep.
Carrao
Vila Agua Rasa Formosa Aricanduva cyprus
Ipiranga
Itaquer a
Russia
Artur bahamas Alvim
Saude
Vila Andrade
Itaim Paulista
peru Vila Curuca
Pont e Rasa st kitts
Argentina Vila Matilde
Tatuape
Austria Vila M ariana
lybia
sri lanka
Sao M iguel
Vila Jacui
Austria
Argentina
Lib erdade
Paulista
bulgaria
Jardim Helena
Penha
Pari
SWEDEN
Raposo avar T es
Vila Maria
Belem
Iceland
Butanta
cuba
seychelles
seychelles
Bras S. Korea IcelandSWEDENs.Korea republica MALTA Se Consolac ao poland Australia sloveniaM ooca Bela Cambuci singapore Finland Norway Vista Jardim
Jaguare
Ermelino M atar azzo
Cangaiba
Alt o de Pinheiros
qatar
Rio Pequeno
latvia
Hong kong Argentina
Vila Leopoldina
chile
Czech Rep. Casa
Vila M edeiros
Netherlands
Jabaquara
poland
Jardim Sao Luis
Malaysia
Campkong o Hong Grande
Cidade lybia Ademar
Socorro S.KOrea
Pedreira
turkey Jardim A ngela
Sky high: SWEDEN
thailand Cidade D utra
mexico
Very high: Spain high: Czech republic
Sao Paulo
22.5% middle or high vulnerability (2.5 million people)
Sao Paulo vote distribution mayoral elections 2012
Sao Paulo ethnic distribution
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
favela
Sao Paulo
favela: initial stages
Sao Paulo
favela: ‘consolidated’
Sao Paulo
Ocupação clandestina
Sao Paulo
Ocupação clandestina
Sao Paulo
Loteamento irregular
Ocupação as political action
Sao Paulo
Civil and political consequences of illegality
Pinheirinho
subversion of the rule of law
Pinheirinho
If housing is a priviledge, then occupying is a right.
Pinheirinho
Pinheirinho
Pinheirinho
Pinheirinho
But how did we get there?
1964
Military rule
Military rule
Military rule
S. Paulo: Explosive Growth
Mass rural migratio
ABC strikes
Social movements
Christian (catholic) Base Communities
Diretas Ja Direct Elections Now
1988 Constitution
Statute of the City (2001): 37 X ‘right to the city’
Sao Paulo
CDHU Lapa
Sao Paulo
Mutirao: Self Help
Sao Paulo
Mutirao
Sao Paulo
Mutirao
“the medicine against corruption: self-help and self-management�
Sao Paulo
Projeto Loteamento irregular Cingapura
Sao Paulo
Projeto Cingapura
Unified Educational Centres
CEU
CEU
CEU
recently
Paraisopolis
recently
Paraisopolis
recently
Heliopolis
recently
Heliopolis
recently
recently
Jardim Pantanal
Parque do Gato
recently
Favela do Moinho
Pinheirinho
Estaiadinha 2013
base for the constitution of legitimate demands
Integration of the right to the city with urban development
role of planning?
Any questions?