Helping you to realize affordable & sustainable (social) housing & sheltering: more value for money through building with modern adapted technology, local natural materials & waste materials & products based on Dutch experiences (part 1) by Rob Gort MSc, expert consultant sustainable building, social housing, deconstruction & waste management
Curriculum Vitae in brief • • •
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WAU (Wageningen, NL) Environmental Sciences profile “Environment & Development” 1985-1993 Environmental policy maker (waste specialist) at Regional Authority of Province South-Holland, The Hague 1993-1997 Project manager, Knowledge Centre for Civil Engineering & Construction, Ministry of Infrastructure & Watermanagement (specialist on sustainable building, re-use, recycling, waste management & river shed management), Delft 1997-2000 Since 2000: specialist consultant (projects for several Provincial Authorities during many years, Rabobank Nederland, Regional Federation of Housing Associations a.o.) &
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managing director and founder of Bouwcarrousel bv Volunteer work (1994-1998: Eco Team Programme, 2005: The Third Chamber)
De-materialization (lean production / ecodesign) is a must • Global Consumption Level is Exceeding World Ecosystems’ Capacity since 1986 (2007: ~ 1,5 globes consumated).
Use what you do have available to the maximum; in natural ecosystems this is common practice! Re-use is better then recycling; composting can always be realized later‌ first the ants build their home with the needles from the trees.
Once mankind knew how to build in a way that respects nature‌ and doesn’t create any harm. Adobe wall, Marocco, 2005
Traditional construction methods do fit well in and take account of nature’s life cycles. If we combine this traditional knowledge with modern techniques we have the best of 2 worlds‌.
Building solutions for 2nd & 3rd world countries • adobe (clay / earth bricks) with mobile machines • building with sand/earth bags • building with strawbales (wheat, barley, sorgho, maize, rice, elephant grass)
Extra techniques to be used in case of relief and rebuilding situations: • recycling of rubble & rock crushing > concrete production with mobile machines • building with waste materials (like cans, tyres, bottles) & adobe / cob / earth
Positive aspects strawbale building, adobe / clay brick building & building with waste: • far much cheaper than regular concrete • saves wood (from own forests or imported) • safes energy / fuel (far less !!! energy required in the production & building process) • creates jobs (much hand labour involved); people can be trained easily • compliant with traditional building methods and shapes • comfortable to live in (better than concrete which gets too hot and damp) • far less foreign valuta needed because it heavily relies on local resources • prevents future waste-problems because 100% natural biological materials (compare this to EPS-shelter systems!) • prevents CO2-emission because of 100% energy-extensive materials
Strawbale building Inputs: wheat, rice, elephant grass, sorghum, maize ‌. Building with leftovers from food cropping or even savannahs or wastelands !!
Best is to use bales compressed from machines. Modern machines are fine. But the smaller, lighter, cheaper machines (see the page <) are actually better, because the bales they produce are smaller and easier to handle. And these machines are easier to handle on the fieldâ&#x20AC;Ś. which is also very important!
Strawbale construction Project: Warns, Netherlands
When using the “loadbearing” strawbale construction technique & design there’s no wood required in the walls !
(project by Eef Bruinsma & Rob Kapteijn)
(underneath is another technique)
Only 1 % of energy consumption compared to regular baked brick or concrete building !!!
Strawbale-construction is growing: in the USA quite popular - thousands of houses, in Europe hundreds, also in Asia, South-America, South-Africa, Australia. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing! Pictures from project in Warns, Netherlands
Picture from project in Warns, Netherlands (2004)
Finished project in Warns. A large building: 400 m2 ground surface & multi-storey
Strawbale building in Europe
Flexibility in design & looks possible Some houses from Germany & The Netherlands built with strawbales
Strawbale building - 2 examples from USA en Denmark
Right: USA (Alaska !!) Underneath: Denmark
Strawbale homes - some other recent examples
United States
IJburg / Amsterdam, est. 2005
Strawbale building - also thin wall systems possible for roomseparation etc. Prefabricated straw panel walls fabricated in Czech Republic Natural, organic product 100% biodegradeable Noise reduction Thermical insulation Lightweighted building
Some designs for larger projects (designs consist of several prefab components)
A modular concept
2-4 persoons (50 m
2
)
Example of a more luxurious one family home to be build with ecological and 2nd hand building materials
Example of a multi-storey building to be build with ecological and 2nd hand building materials
Traditional adobe construction in Africa
Traditional adobe construction (Marocco)
Traditional adobe construction (Marocco)
Traditional construction with handmade adobe bricks (Burundi)
Simple traditional home made from handmade adobe bricks (Burundi)
Earth / clay / cob / adobe (in Africa, India, Canada)
Adobe brick
Adobe bricks (machine made) & masonry wall from adobe bricks
Earth / Clay bricks machines
mobile
Mobile units for clay brick production (360 bricks / hr; only 1,2 dm3 gasoline / hr)
Only 1 % of energy consumption compared to regular baked brick or concrete building !!!
Earth / Clay bricks with mobile machines
Traditional adobe construction (Marocco)
Adobe / concrete hybrid construction (Marocco)
Contemporary concrete / brick hybrid construction (Marocco)
Building with â&#x20AC;&#x153;aggregates in cagesâ&#x20AC;? (probably to expensive but still a possibility!) Follow the arrow to see a wall built with aggregates in cages
Aggregates from rubble from demolition works (demolition of damaged buildings is the start of a second life for the construction materials; sometimes cleaning & processing is needed, sometimes the process can be very simple)
Photo: unprocessed rubble from damaged buildings because of earthquake. This rubble is a fine potential input for concrete production !!
direct benefit of this process: it cleans up the environment immediately
Production of “recycled aggregates” from rubble A range of techniques is available…, from “low tech” up to “high tech” as shown >>>>>>>>>>>
The second life of the aggregates: 1st option: roadworks
2nd option: concrete production of bricks etcetera or with fluid concrete mortar - with mobile production units !
Mobile production systems (input of water, cement a/o lime & energy required)
Benefits of this approach for the Millennium Development Goals 1,7a en 7b In The UN Millenium Development Goals formulated in 2000, there are 3 goals directly related to housing: • reduction of 50% of the number of poor people (income of less than 1 US dollar per day) in 2015 in comparison with 1990 (MDG 1);
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reduction of 50% of people without acces to save drinking water before or in 2015 in comparison with 1990 (MDG 7a);
• a significant better livelihood for at least 100 million people living in slums before or in 2020 (MDG 7b). According to UN-Habitat, about 50% of the world population is living in urban areas. About 1 billion people are living in slums. If developments ‘ll continue as they did in the period 1950-2000, in the year 2050, the estimated number of people living on our planet, ‘ll be about 9 billion. Of them, probably about 3 billion ‘ll live in slums.
Benefits of this approach for relief & emergency Aid : Housing instead of sheltering • refugee camps often last longer than even 10 years; this demands a high quality transitional shelter, in fact the quality should be comparable with social housing schemes ! • The 4 solutions mentioned in this presentation do offer much better living conditions (in a house) for the same price as regular sheltering ! • The trick is to use construction materials which can be locally harvested and produced as well as imported 2nd hand products from western countries as far as they can’t be produced locally; but they can be revised and cleansed locally which creates jobs as well !
• people can be involved to the maximum extent in the construction of their own homes (instead of waiting for help)
Use of second hand waste products from demolition works in ‘rich 1st world countries’)
From the demolition projects from the Netherlands only, each year about 20.000 average “3rd world-houses” could be furnished…. From demolition projects from all European countries, each year about 150.000 average “3rd world-houses” could be furnished….
What a waste and a shame this potential is not being utilized!
City of Apeldoorn, 2005-2009, urban area â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tannhauserâ&#x20AC;? 644 woningen have been demolished
Netherlands, 2005 - 2015: =/- 200.000 dwellings to be demolished (government programmes) + programmed renovation & not-programmed demolition & renovation by private sector
Examples of some demolition projects
The Hague South-West, period 2000-2010: 10.000 houses / apartments, built after World War II, have been demolished.
Examples of some demolition projects (all fine well-maintained houses!)
Examples of some demolition projects
Examples of some recent demolition projects in The Netherlands
Examples of some demolition projects (reason for these demolitions: a new planned road)
Are you interested in how we can cooperate? I'm too ! A better future for your children and mine, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s what this is about. Because weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re all one people. Thank you for your attention! Rob Gort MSc, CEO Bouwkringloop BV Spoordijkstraat 33, 7205 BK Zutphen, The Netherlands rh_gort_agm_afval_grondstoffen Mobile telephone: +31 6 50480904 http://nl.linkedin.com/in/robgort info@vanafvaltotgrondstof.nl
Helping you to realize affordable & sustainable (social) housing & sheltering: Part 2 is even more interesting: â&#x20AC;Ś is also based on Dutch experiences ... is dealing with the social housing Act (legislation), financing & organisation of the social housing sector in The Netherlands which is a non-profit, semi-public sector.