What If We Built Australasia
Around Places?
Placemaking as a Transformative Agenda International Cities & Town Centres Society October 17th, 2012 Gold Coast, QLD
37 Years of Placemaking
50 U.S. States, 7 Canadian Provinces 42 Countries 3000 Communities 3 Million annual visitors to our web sites 37,000 people get our electronic newsletter
Regions where PPS is Applying Placemaking
Singapore South Korea Japan Hong Kong
Australia New Zealand Canada
Netherlands Norway Sweden UK/ Scotland Italy
Czech Republic Montenegro Serbia Kosovo Croatia Hungary Poland Slovakia Romania Bulgaria Georgia Armenia
Mexico Colombia Argentina Chile Brazil South Africa Kenya Abu Dhabi Chicago Houston Los Angeles San Francisco Michigan
PPS in Australia Council Trainings: Adelaide; Melbourne; Newcastle; St. Kilda; Coburg; Bankstown; Wodonga. Regional Trainings w/ Village Well: Sydney; Melbourne (3); Perth; Sunshine Coast; Auckland; Taupo. Developer Trainings: Lend Lease, GPT, Places Victoria, Rouse Hill, Caloundra Downs. Demonstration Projects: Perth Cultural Centre; Garden Place, Hamilton, NZ.
We shape our public spaces, thereafter our public spaces shape us. –adapted from Winston Churchill
Contrasting 1
What Makes a Great Place? street life evening use volunteerism Welcoming Cooperative Neighborly
Key Attributes Intangibles Measurements
business ownership property values land-use patterns retail sales Fun Active Vital Special Real
uses & activities
sociability PLACE access & linkages Connected Walkable Convenient Accessible transit usage pedestrian activity parking usage patterns
comfort & image Safe Charm Clean Attractive Historic crime stats sanitation rating building conditions PROJECT FOR environmental data PUBLIC SPACES
Soul of the Community Study Study by the Knight Foundation and Gallup on attachment to communities: Jobs, schools, economic standards were found not to correlate with attachment Qualities of place (openness, opportunities for social engagement and aesthetics) are also the qualities that lead to attachment. Attachment lead to higher growth, entrepreneurship levels, etc.
What is Placemaking?
Placemaking is turning a neighborhood, town or city from a place you can’t wait to get through to one you never want to leave.
Placemaking is the creation of a built environment that creates community, stimulates interaction, encourages entrepreneurship, fosters innovation and nurtures humanity.
What is Placemaking?
Placemaking is creating for everybody. The seed of democracy. Placemaking is the process of giving space a story that is shared by many.
Placemaking provides the link between:
urban excellence economic development sustainability public health (physical, psychological, social)
Phases of Development Evolution
hase 1:1: Phase roject-Driven Project-Driven
Phase Phase2:2: Design-Led Design-Led
Phase Phase3:3: Place-Sensitive Place-Sensitive
Phase Phase4:4: Place-Led Place-Led
Focusing Planning on Places
Creativity -- Emergence of Community/Place
Place-Driven
Community/Vision-Driven Controlled
Guided
Unguided
Resource Intensive
Resourceful
Resource-less
Regulatory
Facilitating
Consensus focused
Cost/Benefit Focused
Optimizing
Mitigating
Reactive
Proactive
Inactive
Segmented
Integrative
Undefined
Self-perpetuating/Static
Adaptive
Disengaged
Imposing
Inspirational
Uninspired
Disciplinary
Trans-disciplinary
Undisciplined
Discipline/Design-Driven
Project-Driven
Passively/Abstractly-Driven
Entropy
Breakdown of Community/Place
Un-Driven
Phases of Development Evolution Phase Phase 11 -- Project-Driven: Project-Driven:
Values: Values:Expediency, Expediency,Project Projectdelivery, delivery,Power PowerKnows KnowsBest Best Outcomes: Outcomes:Construction, Construction,Control, Control,Functional FunctionalFacilities Facilities Process: Process:Political, Political,Protocols, Protocols,Projects Projects Resources: Resources:Big BigGov. Gov.$$ $$ Partners: Partners:Gov. Gov.&&Business BusinessLeaders Leaders Evaluation: Evaluation:Measuring Measuringinitial initialcosts, costs,ribbon ribboncuttings cuttings
Phases of Development Evolution
Phase Phase 22 -- Design-Led: Design-Led:
Values: Values:Quality, Quality,Indiv. Indiv.Creativity, Creativity,Professional Professionalknows knowsbest best Outcomes: Outcomes:Aesthetic AestheticBeauty, Beauty,Brand BrandIdentity, Identity,Iconic Iconicdesign, design,Coherence Coherence Process: Process:Discipline-driven, Discipline-driven,Design Design&&Defend, Defend,High Highconcept, concept,Alternatives Alternatives Resources: Resources:Bigger BiggerGov. Gov.$$ $$ Partners: Partners:Gov., Gov.,Business Business&&Professional ProfessionalLeaders Leaders Evaluation: Evaluation:Awards, Awards,Value, Value,Innovation Innovation
Phases of Development Evolution
Phase Phase 33 -- Place-Sensitive: Place-Sensitive:
Values: Values:Community, Community,Ecological EcologicalCultural CulturalContext; Context;Team TeamCreativity Creativity Outcomes: Outcomes:Contextual ContextualBeauty, Beauty,Community Communityheard, heard,Local LocalIdentity Identity Process: Process:Multi-disciplinary, Multi-disciplinary,Community CommunityInput Input&&Research Research Resources: Resources:Gov Gov&&Community Community$$ $$ Partners: Partners:Gov., Gov.,Business, Business, Prof. Prof.&&Community CommunityLeaders Leaders Evaluation: Evaluation:Sustainability, Sustainability,Mitigate MitigateImpacts, Impacts,Cost-benefit Cost-benefit
Phases of Development Evolution
Phase Phase 44 -- Place-Led: Place-Led:
Values: Values:Creativity Creativityof ofPlace, Place,Community CommunityCapacity Capacity Outcomes: Outcomes:Emergent EmergentBeauty, Beauty,Place PlaceCapital, Capital,Creative CreativeIdentity Identity Process: Process:Trans-disciplinary, Trans-disciplinary,LQC, LQC,Capacity-Building, Capacity-Building,Co-creation Co-creation Resources: Resources:Locally Locallyrecirculating recirculating$$Partners: Partners:Creates Createsleaders leaders&&buy-in buy-in Evaluation: Evaluation:Thrivability, Thrivability, Transformation, Transformation,Optimizing Optimizing
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Power of 10 Destinations 1975
Power of 10 Destinations Today
New York City Transformed: Rockefeller Center Times Square Bryant Park Port Authority Bus Terminal
Rockefeller Center
Bryant Park, New York
“The best way to deal with the problem of ‘undesirables’ is to make the place attractive to everybody else.” -- William Whyte
Transformative Opportunities
Building Communities Through Transportation Streets as Places Thinking Beyond the Station
If you plan for cars and traffic‌ you get more cars and traffic.
A study of three generations of 9 year olds found that over a recent 20 year period, the radius around the home that children were allowed to play had sunken almost 90%. Richard Louv
If you plan for people and places‌ you get more people and places.
New York City Street Renaissance
Rockefeller Center
Times Square Bryant Park Herald Square
Madison Square
Union Square
What If We Built Times Square as a Destination?
The Evolving Pavement Politics of NYC’s Crossroads
Flexible Spaces
before
after
Times Square, NYC Image Source: New York City DOT http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycstreets/sets/72157622973444484/)
Times Square before
Times Square after
Times Square after
Transformative Opportunities Multi-Use Public Destinations/ Architecture of Place
If you plan for design and development‌ you get design and development.
Guggenheim Museum – Bilbao, Spain
“I don’t do context”
--Frank Gehry
SAADIYAT ISLAND, ABU DHABI, UAE
Abu Dhabi
Zone 1: Western Waterfront
“I Don’t Want To Hear About Green Buildings Any More?” “Sustainability is simply an extension of the technocratic society we find ourselves in.” Christopher Alexander
An Architecture of Place Is it sustainable? Has it minimized its impact? Does it use the most ecological materials? Does it celebrate “nature�? We should also be asking questions like: Does the building/project generate life? Does it support its context (built, cultural, historical, social, economic, place)? Does it support people and their comfort?
Is it Sustainable?
Has it minimized its impact?
Does it use the most ecological materials?
Does it celebrate “nature”?
Does the building/project generate life?
Melbourne – Council Building 2
Does the project support its context?
Does it support human comfort & pleasure?
Communities Today Churches
Offices Hospital
Coffee Shops Parks
Theatres/ Museums
Community Center Transit
Libraries Schools
City Hall
Communities of the Future Churches City Hall Libraries
Schools Community Centers
Public Spaces
Coffee Shops
Theatres/ Museums Offices
Hospitals
Transit
Campus Martius, Detroit
Campus Martius – Location Located in the center of Detroit’s CBD
1 mile square formed by Interstate 375, Interstate 75, State Route 10, Detroit River
Campus Martius Vision: • Detroit's Gathering Place • The Crossroads of Downtown Detroit • Our Town Square • The City's Signature Landmark • A Catalyst for Revitalization • A Place Where the Community Celebrates
Major Partners: • City of Detroit • Detroit 300 Conservancy • Detroit DOT
“Campus Martius Park will be a place where residents, workers and visitors come together to relax, enjoy, play and celebrate Detroit.”
Campus Martius – Introduction Mayor’s vision: To develop “the best public space in the world”
Campus Martius – Programming Winter Programming Ice skating from November to March Annual holiday tree lighting
Over 200 events programmed May to September Lunchtime arts performances every day Friday concerts from 11:30am to 1am Film festival every Saturday night
Campus Martius – Use Over 750,000 people visited Campus Martius in its first year Over 1
million visitors per year since first year
Over 2.5 million people total visited park from November 2004 - May 2007
50,000 people go ice skating each year
Ecological Capital Cultural Capital
Financial Capital
Place Capital
Human Capital
Health
Social Capital
Real Estate
Vancouver Forum on Multi-Use Public Destinations
Public multi-use destinations have proven to be most successful, and we should replicate them more of ten.
Don’t lead with design .
If you think you’re done, you’re finished – Developing spaces that are flexible and that manage themselves.
“The magic is in the mix. ”
Find creative funding strategies to keep rents low, attract a range of tenants.
Transformative Opportunities
Local Economies, Community Health and Public Markets
Barcelona
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper
Comfort, Amenities & Public Art Activation Events Interim Public Spaces Light Development
Case Study: Paris Plage
Gabriel’s Wharf
Power of Ten
1. Gateway between the Plaza and Harvard Yard 2. The South Fence and connection to Harvard Yard 3. NW Plaza Entrance 4. The “Great Lawn” 5. Science Center Outdoor Terrace 6. The “Piazza”
7. Entrance to the Science Center 8. Tanner Fountain 9. Library Arcade 10. NE Plaza Entrance 11. Loker Bar and Beer Garden 12. Memorial Walk 13. Main Walkway 14. Overlooks
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Phases of Government Evolution
by Peter Smith, CEO Adelaide Council, Australia Phase Phase1:1: Big Phase Big//Fractured Fractured Phase2:2: Government: Holistic Government: HolisticGovernment: Government:partnering partneringfor forefficiencies, efficiencies, Siloed, Siloed,Probelm/ Probelm/politically-Driven, politically-Driven,metrics metricsby byholistic holisticanalysis, analysis,measuring measuringvalue valueproduced produced programs programs
Phase Phase3:3: Fully FullyIntegrated IntegratedGovernment: Government: Integrated Integratedmanagement managementof ofissues, issues,risks risks&& opportunities. opportunities.
Phase Phase4:4:Developmental DevelopmentalModel Modelof ofGovernment: Government: Government Governmentvalue valuemeasured measuredinincommunity community capacity capacityand andcompetency competencyat ataaholistic holisticlevel. level.
Big / Fractured Government Model
Fully Integrated Government Model
Whole of Government Model
Developmental Model of Government
Typical Governance Process
Community
Residents/C Residents/C ommunity ommunity Orgs Orgs
Advocacy/P Advocacy/P hilanthropy hilanthropy /NPO /NPOOrgs Orgs
Developers Developers /Property /Property Owners Owners
Culture/Civic/Social Facilities Facilities Culture/Civic/Social & Programming Programming &
Design & & Construction Construction Design
Economic Development Development Economic
Planning Planning
Transportation Transportation
Public Administration
Political PoliticalLeadership Leadership
Merchants Merchants /Business /Business Owners Owners
• Problemfocused • Politically motivated • Short-term focus • Bureaucratic process • Siloed departments • Resistant citizens • Incremental change • Limited participation and buy-in
Governance Process for Placemaking Political-Business-Community-Design Political-Business-Community-Design
Meerc rchhaannts M ts B u s in e s s Business Ow wnneers rs O
Deevveelo loppeers rs D roppeert rtyy PPro Ow wnneers rs O
cy cacy voca Advo Ad opyy hrop nthr ilant Phila Ph rgss Org OO NPPO N
Community
ideennttss RReessid muunnitityy mm CCoom Orrggss O
Leadership Leadership
ionn ctio ruct stru & CCoonnst gn & sign Deesi D iall /SSooccia ic iv C / e / r ic u iv lt C / ingg min CCuulture& m a r g o m r P m a r ities Prog FFaaccililities &
Economic Development Development Economic
lannnnin ingg PPla
Public Administration
TTrraannssppoortati rtatioonn
Placemaking/Place Placemaking/Place Management Management
• Leadership from all levels • Leaders as facilitators, educators & inspirations • Broad goals • Agile process • Shared vision • Political capital • Bold change • Take risks • Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper • Build partners & capacity
Twitter @PPS_Placemaking @EBKent Facebook Project for Public Spaces
Web Site
www.pps.org