The Discover Pocket Guide To Gibraltar 2020

DI S C O V E R POCKET GUIDE TO

GIBRALTAR

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR VISIT TO GIBRALTAR

also @ www.discover.gi www.discover.gi FOLD AWAY MAP INSIDE

halloffame.gibraltar@gmail.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS THINGS TO SEE

5 Sightseeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Historic Buildings and Fortifications . . . . .26 Churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Caves and Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Flora and Fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Tours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

THINGS TO DO

55 Beaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Marinas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Restaurants and Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

THE HERITAGE OF GIBRALTAR

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History of Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Multi-Cultural Communities . . . . . . . . . 70 Military Ceremonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 INFORMATION AND SERVICES

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A-Z Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Financial Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Medical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 MAPS AND INDEX 104 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Index of Advertisers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Overall plan of Gibraltar attached to inside back cover with Town Centre on reverse.

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B

ecause the Rock of Gibraltar can be seen for over 100 miles, it has attracted visitors (and conquerors) since the dawn of time.

Neanderthal man made their home here, and more recently, the Phoenicians and Romans stopped at Gibraltar, then the Moors came to conquer the Rock, followed by the Spanish and the British.

All of these groups were impressed by Gibraltar’s strategic location between two continents and joining the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, as well as its imposing appearance and, of course, its subtropical climate.

As well as the British, Spanish and the Moors, the Genoese, Portuguese, Jews, Maltese and Hindus have also left their mark on Gibraltar.

Today Gibraltar is an important tourist destination, because of its heritage and history, but also for its shopping and dining. Visitors can tour Gibraltar, visit caves and tunnels, see Barbary Macaques roaming freely on the Nature Reserve Upper Rock, as well as dive under the sea and go on dolphin watching trips.

The book is divided into 4 sections.

‘Things to See’ has an A-Z guide to sightseeing, descriptions of historical buildings and fortifications, churches, caves and tunnels, as well as information on flora and fauna. Here you will find a list of tours including our own do-it-yourself historical walking tour.

‘Things to Do’ is the section for beach goers, yachters, scuba divers, dolphin trippers, anglers, shoppers and for those who enjoy dining out.

‘The Heritage of Gibraltar’ discusses the history of the Rock, major cultural influences on Gibraltar, and military ceremonies you can watch.

‘Information and Services’ has phone numbers, facts about Gibraltar, and the services you can find here - from beauty salons to medical services to offshore financial services to offshore betting and more with the latest addition of a fold away map.

This edition includes advertisements from businesses interested in visitors to Gibraltar and who offer quality service and products.

We hope you enjoy your visit to Gibraltar.

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SIGHTSEEING Europa Point Lighthouse The Gibraltar Lighthouse, which has stood for over 150 years, is 162 feet in height from the high water mark to the light.

It is perched on the cliffs at Europa Point, the most southerly point in Gibraltar, where its 3,000 watt light bulb reaches out 21 miles on a clear night. During a heavy fog it can only be seen for two miles.

It is an important navigational signal for ships passing through the Strait of Gibraltar between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.

The foundation stone was laid in 1838 by Lady Dowager Queen Adelaide three years prior to completion.

In 1994 the Lighthouse, the only one managed

by Trinity House outside Britain, was fully automated.

The Europa Point area is being refurbished and converted into one of Gibraltar’s leading leisure facilities for the enjoyment of residents and tourists.

These improvements are well under way, and have already improved the area visually.

Gibraltar, a City Under Seige This exhibition, located on the Nature Reserve Upper Rock, shows what it was like for the

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Europa Point Lighthouse

SIGHTSEEING soldiers who lived in Gibraltar under siege.There is graffiti dating back to the 18th century as well as an old water system.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

1783) for firing down on the enemy from the North Face of the Rock. It was the first carriage of its type in the world. Tight wadding had to be used in the 24 pounder to stop the balls from rolling down the barrel.

Great Synagogue The Great Synagogue, located on, Line Wall Road is one of the oldest in the Iberian peninsula, dating back to 1724. Guided tours of the ‘Flemish’ synagogue, accompanied by a short history of the Gibraltar Jewish community can be arranged. Tel: (+350) 20072606.

Koehler Gun

The gun on display outside the Police Station, at Casemates, was presented to the City of Gibraltar The Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque, by the Royal Artillery in April also known as the King Fahd bin 1981 when the regiment was Abdulaziz al-Saud Mosque or the granted the freedom of the city.

Mosque of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. Located at Mediterranean Europa Point, this beautiful domed mosque was built in the mid- Steps Situated on one of the 1990s as a place of worship for Gibraltar’s Muslim community. It cultivated terraces above Jews’ has an impressive tower that Gate lies the pathway leading to the Mediterranean Steps. A right overlooks the Mediterranean. turn through a copse leads to the start of the walk.

Koehler Gun If you park near the lookout, a The Koehler Depression Gun sign on the side of a white Carriage was designed by Lt. building nearby indicates the way George Koehler R.A. in 1782 to the steps. during the Great Siege (1779There are two sections to the

Ibrahim-Al-Ibrahim Mosque

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SIGHTSEEING walk. The first part people of all ages can enjoy as it is an easy trail and only takes five to ten minutes.

From there you cross a stretch of loose rock then come to a set of steps going down. The second stretch, about 3/4 of the walk, is not extremely difficult but requires more effort, especially the climb up to the big guns.

On a hot day it can be somewhat demanding but when you reach the end of the climb, where the World War I gun emplacements are, you get spectacular views over the old water catchments and up the Costa del Sol. For those interested in plants or bird watching, it is an excellent place to find a variety of specimens of both.

If you walk the full length it will take about an hour going and to return. A good pair of walking shoes is required and a cold drink is recommended. Anyone suffering from vertigo should avoid this walk.

The steps are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Military Heritage Centre The Military Heritage Centre located on the Upper Rock contains an interesting variety of military artifacts housed in gun

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positions which pre-date World War I. It is located in Princess Caroline’s Battery, named after King George II’s third daughter.

The development of Gibraltar’s military defences through the ages is chronicled and there are many relics from when the battery was in use.The original hoists, used to service the 6 inch gun that was put in place in 1905, are on display along with shells and artefacts from the period.Weapons used by the British army from the time of the Great Siege to present day are also on view.

In the Memorial Chamber there is the Roll Call of the Regiments that have served in Gibraltar since 1704. This display honours the men and women who dedicated themselves to serving Britain in the Armed Forces.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

Monuments The American War Memorial was erected in 1932 by the American Battle Commission to commemorate the co-operation between the American and British Navy at Gibraltar during World War I. Dr Paul Cret, of Philadelphia designed the archway monument and steps.

The Black Watch Memorial is located at the eastern end of Devil’s Tower Road. The Cairn

SIGHTSEEING was erected as a memorial to the 4th BN The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) for their unrelenting work on the defences of the north and east sides of the Rock from July 1940 to April 1943 when the Battalion formed part of the garrison.

Commonwealth War Graves Commission was established in 1917 to mark and maintain the graves of the members of the forces of the Commonwealth who were killed in World War I and to build memorials to those who have no known grave. In Gibraltar’s North Front Cemetery there is one plot of land dedicated to those who died in both World Wars.

Eliott’s Monument, a column located in Alameda Gardens, is dedicated to General Sir George Augustus Eliott who defended Gibraltar heroically during the Great Siege. He was rewarded for his efforts with a pension of £1,500 a year, was given the Order of the Bath and the thanks of Parliament. The ceremonies for his investiture took place at King’s Bastion. Four years later he was given a peerage with the title Baron Heathfield of Gibraltar.

The Queen Victoria Memorial is situated in Governor’s Parade and was unveiled on May 24, 1910 by Governor Sir F.W.E. Forestier-Walker. Set on a pillar of

American War Memorial

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SIGHTSEEING a l o n g watergardens on route to Main Street in honour of Admiral Sir George Rooke to commemorate 300 years of British Gibraltar.

Wellington’s Monument in the Alameda Sir George Rooke Gardens is protected by 18th century mortars and guns.

The monument was raised at a cost of a day’s pay by the entire garrison and from civilian employees in official employment and was put in place in 1819 by Governor Sir George Don. The bust was cast in bronze from guns captured by the Duke.

Nelson Statue, this true to life size statue, which stands outside the Tr a f a l g a r Cemetery has been cast in bronze by the well-known sculptor John D o u b l e d a y, and contains copper taken from HMS Victory.

Queen Victoria Memorial

limestone the bust is the work of the Italian sculptor Lazzarini.

The Sikorski Propeller is located at Europa Point. General Sikorski was Prime Minister of Poland during World War II, and Commander in Chief of the Polish Forces in exile. On July 4, 1943 his Liberator airplane crashed into the sea just after take off from the airport. Sikorski and his daughter both lost their lives, and her body was never found. First Lieutenant Edward Pichal, the pilot, was the sole survivor. A monument was made from the propeller of the aircraft in tribute to General Sikorski, but he is not mentioned on the plaque.

The Rooke Statue, located

The Nelson Statue

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SIGHTSEEING Neanderthal fossil skulls discovered Gibraltar National in Gibraltar in 1848 and 1926.

Museum Environmental reconstructions of The Gibraltar National Museum is a must see for any visitor interested in finding out more about the rich and varied history of this Rock. The story of how Gibraltar gained an importance and a reputation far exceeding its size, and how this influenced and shaped the communities that came to reside here is told via a series of informative galleries that display a multitude of interesting and unique artefacts.

First to greet visitors are ‘Nana and Flint’, the very life-like forensic reconstructions of the two

Gibraltar during these prehistoric times, and some of the many artefacts found in subsequent excavations at Gorham’s and Vanguard Caves are on display. They attest to the Rock’s international status as a site of world importance in terms of Neanderthal occupation and the Gorham’s Cave Complex was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2016. Recent research by the Gibraltar National Museum has established that this was the last place on Earth where this kind of human held out before becoming extinct around 32,000

Neanderthal Skull

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SIGHTSEEING years ago. Also on display from Gorham’s Cave is a selection of intricate glassware and Egyptian scarabs from early Phoenician sailors who left offerings here before setting out into the unknown Atlantic Ocean.

The sculptures of animals, which once roamed Gibraltar at the time of the Neanderthals, are dotted around the museum’s garden.

Excavations in this garden attest to the continued habitation of this plot by a succession of cultures and tell the story of water supply through the ages where it has been a historical problem for these people.

Perhaps the most important and imposing of the exhibits are the remains of a 14th Century medieval Hammam, or bathhouse, being one of the best preserved remaining medieval baths in the Iberian Peninsula.

A series of new galleries looks at how, in periods of peacetime during the late 18th and 19th Centuries, the Rock became a hub of intellectual, cultural and sporting activities. Relics of this ‘age of Empire’ include an Egyptian mummy, found floating in the Bay after the ship transporting it sank in the Strait, and of course, the cast of the world famous Gibraltar skulls belonging to an adult Neanderthal woman discovered at Forbes Quarry in 1848 and that of a Neanderthal boy discovered at

Devil’s Tower Shelter in 1926.

Visitors will be surprised to find a Maltese-made horse drawn carriage inside the building. This was the mode of transport in Gibraltar before cars become popular and its Maltese design is testament to the melting pot of nationalities and cultures that settled in Gibraltar after the Capture of Gibraltar by an Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1704, and which have made the Gibraltarians of today.

A notable period in Gibraltar’s history is its Great Siege (17791783), during which a small Garrison and population held off attacks from the combined forces of France and Spain for three and a half years, and there is an entire section of the Museum dedicated to this important event with original artefacts and paintings from that time.

Another gallery houses the impressive scale model of the Rock completed in 1865, which is a snapshot of what Gibraltar looked like at the height of the Victorian Empire, when the phrase ‘Strong as the Rock’ echoed across the world as a statement of inexpugnability.

Early photographs of Gibraltar showing its evolution over the last century surround the model.

A natural history exhibit tells the story of the past and present birds of Gibraltar and how the Strait of Gibraltar, has been and continues

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SIGHTSEEING

Moorish Castle to be, such an important migratory route for birds between Europe and Africa as well as between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean.

Finally, the temporary gallery displays itinerating artefacts of interest.

The Museum also has a gift shop which stocks a wide range of Gibraltar-related books and souvenirs. Last admission: 30 minutes before closing time.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

Moorish Baths The Moorish Baths are located inside the Museum lying partly under Bomb House and Ordnance House, and recently opened to the public after extensive restoration and excavation.The architecture of this ancient structure has now been revealed to show a much more complete picture of a previous culture.

There are no baths where one can clean oneself, which has disappointed many tourists who have shown up with their towels.

Mr. Budgett, an authority on

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SIGHTSEEING

Moorish Baths

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SIGHTSEEING Moorish antiquities wrote of the baths, “Except in the Alhambra there is nothing in Spain to compare with it.”

Gorham’s Cave Complex The Gorham’s Cave Complex was inscribed onto UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2016 and is Gibraltar’s first site to be inscribed on the prestigious list.

The site is a Neanderthal occupation site, used between c.

127,000 and 32,000 years ago. On the east side of the Rock of Gibraltar, the site rises from sea level where several caves including Gorham’s and Vanguard are located, to the highest point of the Rock, 426 metres above the sea at the top of the Mediterranean Steps. The site covers 280,000m2, or 3% of Gibraltar’s land area. The Gibraltar Nature Reserve acts as a buffer zone for the Site. Together the site and buffer zone equate to over 40% of the territory of Gibraltar. The topography and steep cliffs make the area relatively secluded and well-protected.

Moorish Castle The Tower of Homage is one of the best preserved remnants of the Moorish Castle and dates back more than six centuries. (A much older castle exists beneath this

latest tower of 1333 AD). The original walls of the castle enclosed a considerable area reaching to the sea. Of these walls, the Moorish Pier is still to be seen.

Tarik-ibn-Zeyad (who gave his name to Gibraltar, Jebel Tarik or Tarik’s Hill) was the Moorish leader who conquered much of the Iberian Peninsula. He took Gibraltar in 711 and in the following two years completed the conquest which would put a large portion of Europe in Arab hands for over seven centuries. Tarik’s successors built the first

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SIGHTSEEING fortifications near the site of the present tower. A larger castle replaced these in 1160 to provide protection to the growing town.

The fortifications were needed as war was continuous throughout the period that the Arabs held the land. King Ferdinand IV of Castille and Leon attacked Gibraltar in 1309 and captured it but the Rock was only held for 24 years before the Moors retook it.

The battles of 1333 did extensive damage to the tower so it was rebuilt and this helped keep the Spanish at bay for another 129 years.What remains the gatehouse, walls and bastions dates from that period, which is contemporary

with the Alhambra in Granada.

When the British took Gibraltar the Spanish attempted to recapture the Rock several times.

Their artillery fire made little impression on the solid mass of masonry. Admiral Rooke raised the British flag on the Tower when he captured it in 1704 and it has flown there ever since.

The Inner Keep was used by the British as a prison, there are plans to open the area. The new prison opened in 2010 and its located at Windmill Hill. However there are parts of the castle that are open to visitors.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

Top of the Rock

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SIGHTSEEING Nelson’s Anchorage and 100 Ton Gun Nelson’s Anchorage, at the far end of Rosia Road, is a fascinating monument to Victorian artillery and technology. It has commanding views across Rosia Bay where HMS Victory was anchored after the Battle of Trafalgar with the body of Admiral Lord Nelson on board. In 1805 the bay was the only deep water anchorage in Gibraltar.

The present battery was constructed between December 23, 1878 and March 31, 1884 at a cost of £35,717. Built on the site of the old 2nd and 3rd Rosia Batteries it was named after then Governor, Lord Napier of Magdala.

An exhibition is housed in the chambers that form part of a large underground complex serving the magnificent Victorian super gun, the 100 Ton Gun. Nicknamed “The Rock Buster” the gun was built in 1870 and remains the best preserved of its type in the world. Installation was a very laborious task taking three weeks to transport it barely one third of a mile from the docks to its present emplacement.

Once in place a sophisticated hydraulic system was devised to move the gun. Response time was close to three hours, which today

100 Ton Gun may sound inadequately slow, but as the prime targets were sailing ships prior to the invention of the steam engine, it was sufficient.

Although much of the gun would have been familiar to a gunner in Nelson’s navy it also had many revolutionary features. For example it was not fired by igniting a fuse but by heating platinum with electricity from a battery.

Designed during a period of rapid advance in artillery technology the 100 ton gun was soon obsolete - having never fired a shot in anger.

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SIGHTSEEING The site remained strategic and four 3.7 inch anti-aircraft guns were mounted here during World War II. Bren guns were mounted in a passage which had been made for one of the giant hydraulically powered ramrods.

More detailed information is available at the exhibition, along with an interesting range of souvenirs.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

Harding’s Battery This battery was constructed on part of the old 7th Europa Battery and in between the later 1st and 2nd Europa Batteries of 1859, named after Sir George Harding, Chief Engineer in 1844. Originally, two 18 pounders were located on site. In 1863 there were two 32 pounders located here and 1877 saw the reconstruction of the battery to take a 12.5” RML on a barbette mounting. There is no record of when the 12.5” gun was dismounted but by 1939 the site housed an AASL (Anti Aircraft Searchlight). The battery now houses a visual and audio display of the historic and natural aspects of Gibraltar with particular focus on the area it is located in, Europa Point.

Rings When you are on the Upper Rock you will probably notice a series of rings along the roads.

These rings were used to anchor pulleys to haul guns to the top of the Rock. The 9.2 inch gun barrel for the O’Hara Battery was conveyed to its position in this manner.

St Michael’s Cave This cave is one of Gibraltar’s most famous attractions.

Neolithic inhabitants are thought to be the first inhabitants of St Michael’s Cave, and it is known that the Romans visited it. The cave features an upper hall and has five connecting passages with drops which range between 40 to 150 feet to the smaller hall. Of particular interest is the cross section of a stalagmite which shows its history of growth. The Cathedral Cave was long thought to be bottomless, which may be why some people once believed in an underground passage which linked Gibraltar with Africa. The Cathedral Cave is now used as a theatre where concerts, plays and other live performances are held.

During World War II the cave was to be used as a military hospital but, fortunately, was never needed. However, whilst mining during World War II, Lower St Michael’s Cave was discovered.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

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SIGHTSEEING Shrine of Our Lady of Europe

St. Michael’s Cave

The Moors built a mosque on the site of the present Shrine of Our Lady of Europe before 1309.

This was when the Spanish occupation of Gibraltar began and until 1333 the Islamic holy site was used as a Christian shrine.

A labourer working nearby in the late 1900s found an image of the Madonna which dates from that period.

In 1333, the Spanish were expelled by the Moors who reconverted the site to a mosque.

For another 100 years it was a holy place for Islam but when the Spanish “reconquista” was completed in 1462 the shrine once again became Christian.

After this, the shrine was attacked and partially destroyed by Turkish pirates and then, during the British and Dutch seizure of Gibraltar in 1704 the Image of Our Lady was badly damaged and thrown over a cliff into the sea.

It was later recovered and taken to Algeciras for safe keeping where it remained until 1864, when Bishop Scandella brought the image back from Algeciras and it was placed in a temporary shrine in a chapel opposite the present Government House on Main Street.

In 1866 it was moved to the

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SIGHTSEEING

Shrine of Our Lady of Europe

Little Sister of the Poor, where Mount Alvernia Home now stands.The marble altar and throne were donated by Pope Pius IX. Because of war, it was taken to the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned in 1939 for safekeeping.

In 1961 the guard room was restored to the church and in September of the following year Bishop John F. Healy celebrated the first mass there in 258 years.

However, it was not until 1968 that the image was returned to the shrine.

The present chapel, small but solidly built, is located in a housing development at Europa Point. The way is clearly marked

and is not difficult to find. In 1996 the building was extended and a bell tower added.

In 2009, Gibraltar celebrated the 700th anniversary of devotion to Our Lady of Europe. His Holiness the Pope gave the Shrine the Golden Rose, the highest Papal award for any shrine.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

Trafalgar Cemetery In October 1805 one of history’s greatest sea battles was fought between the British and Franco-Spanish fleets near Gibraltar at Cape Trafalgar.

It was a fierce and decisive

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SIGHTSEEING victory for Britain but their great leader, Admiral Nelson, was fatally wounded by a French sniper.

Most of the sailors who died in battle were buried at sea, and two sailors who died of wounds in the battle are buried at Trafalgar Cemetery near Southport Gates.

Nelson’s body, however, was returned to England for greater honours. He is entombed in a crypt in St. Paul’s Cathedral.

The HMS Victory called on Gibraltar immediately after the battle. One story has it that

Nelson’s remains were kept in a barrel of rum to preserve them for the return journey to England.

Another legend would have us believe, though there is no evidence to support it, that while the Victory was undergoing repairs the cask containing Nelson’s body was brought ashore and taken to St.Vincent House. It was placed in what is now known as Nelson’s room where William Beaty, Victory’s surgeon changed the barrel of brandy (as some believe it was) to spirits of wine.

Trafalgar Cemetery

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SIGHTSEEING

Cable Car of Gibraltar airport and Spain to the north; and the blue expanse of the Mediterranean and the beaches and cities of the Costa del Sol to the East.

As well as meeting the famous Cable Car Barbary macaques who can be The Cable Car is the best way found roaming freely around the to the “Top of the Rock” and a Top Station, you can experience must-see attraction for all visitors the Multimedia Tour, available for to Gibraltar. The journey takes download to your own mobile passengers 412m above sea level in device via the CityGuide Gibraltar approximately 6 minutes offering app. The guide gives visitors an spectacular views all the way. The insight into Gibraltar’s fascinating Top Station is perched at the very history whilst being guided summit of the Rock of Gibraltar, around the Top Station terraces. and offers the most spectacular If you are looking for a quick views of Europe and Africa; bite to eat, you can pick up a snack southwards across the Strait of and drink at the Top of the Rock Gibraltar to Africa; westwards over Café where you will also find The the City of Gibraltar and across the Top of the Rock Shop packed Bay to Algeciras; a bird’s eye view with unique gifts and souvenirs.

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SIGHTSEEING Should you want to relax and enjoy a delicious meal we recommend the Mons Calpe Suite Restaurant & Bar where you can enjoy a fabulous meal and cocktail whilst enjoying the spectacular views.

Mons Calpe Suite can be hired for private functions so why not celebrate a wedding or a special occasion at the Top of the Rock.

Visitors have access to the Upper Rock Nature Reserve from the Cable Car top station, however, you will need to purchase a separate Walkers or Nature Reserve ticket (depending on what you are interested in seeing). These can be purchased at the base station ticket office or at the top station. We recommend you pre purchase your tickets via the official Cable Car website www.gibraltarinfo.gi.

Prepaid tickets give you access to the Fast Track ticket office window and the Frontier-Cable Car shuttle service.

Infomation Open 7 days a week from 0930-1915hrs. Last Cable Car down 1945hrs.

Except between 1st November - 31st March 0930-1715hrs. Last Cable Car down 1745hrs.

The Cable Car will not stop at the middle station between the April & October inclusive. No reservation needed. Cable Car runs approx. every 10 - 15 mins throughout the day. ID required in

exchange for use of Multimedia unit. For latest updates follow us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram #cablecargibraltar. For prices please refer to www.gibraltarinfo.gi

Nature Reserve Upper Rock With its rich vegetation, spectacular views and large variety of mammals, insects, butterflies, reptiles and birds, both serious botanists and the casual ramblers find the Nature Reserve Upper Rock a source of fascination.

It is a great place for bird watchers, especially during times of migration as a large number of species move between Europe and Africa over this area. Over 270 birds have been spotted in Gibraltar. Booted Eagles, Egyptian Vultures, the Griffon Vulture and Barbary Partridges are among the many that have been seen.

There are over 600 species of flowering plants some of which are unique to Gibraltar. Dense matorall is the dominant species on the upper rock and there are many plants that are unique to Gibraltar.

The Dwarf Fan Palm, Europe’s only native palm can be found here.

There are rare, and not so rare butterflies, lizards and snakes.

As from 1st April 2020 the Nature Reserve Ticket will include entrance to the WWII

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SIGHTSEEING Tunnels. The Nature Reserve ticket can be purchased here online, at the Cable Car and at the Gibraltar info kiosk on the Spanish

side of the frontier.

Opening times & prices, see pages 104-107.

Windsor Bridge

Windsor Bridge

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SIGHTSEEING The Windsor Bridge links to other

sites within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve including the thrilling Windsor Suspension Bridge and the famous Apes’ Den via a series of walking trails.

Built on the foundations of an existing WWII base structure, the Skywalk is designed to withstand wind speeds of over 150km/hour and can carry the weight of 5 Asian elephants, or 340 people, Skywalk standing on it at the same time Standing 340 metres directly (visitor numbers will be limited to above sea level, the Skywalk is 50 at any one time). The floor and located higher than the tallest balustrade panels are made up of 4 point of London’s The Shard. layers of laminated glass (with a Gibraltar’s Skywalk offers breath- total thickness of around 4.2cm). taking 360º views spanning three Laid out side-by-side, the 42 countries and two continents and glass panels would cover more than

Gibraltar’s tourist attraction is definitely not for the fainthearted, but more intrepid residents and visitors can visit the suspension bridge at Royal Anglian Way. This spectacular feat of engineering is 71metres in length, across a 50-metre-deep gorge.

Skywalk

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS 750m², roughly the equivalent of 4 tennis courts. The walkway is 2.5m wide and projects a maximum of 6.7m from the main structural support point. 70m of rock anchors and 30,000kg of steel secure the Skywalk to the Rock.

Aqueduct Between the Alameda Gardens and Rosia Road is the sole surviving vent of an aqueduct which was built by the Spanish on an older Moorish system.

Polish Memorial The original propeller recovered from the sea has become a Polish War Memorial, situated at the Europa Point, General Sikorski lost his life in an air crash in 1943 as his plane took off from Gibraltar during WWII. The Roman Catholic Cathedral in Main Street also has a memorial to this Polish patriot. This memorial is situated by the left altar.

Evacuees Memorial This statue was erected in honour of the Gibraltarians evacuated during WWII and sent to Morocco, Madeira, Jamaica, Northern Ireland and England.

British troops occupied their homes locally. The Gibraltarians who had the misfortune of being sent to London suffered at the

hand German bombings. A couple of thousand men who held jobs considered essential for the war effort were not allowed to leave Gibraltar. The very accurate memorial, the work of Jill Cowie Saunders, shows families re-united after the war. Those who lived this experience find this monument very moving.

Parson’s Lodge Dominating Rosia Bay you find Parson’s Lodge Battery, dating from 1875, which formerly housed three 18-ton guns. The old Spanish walls were reinforced by the British, while beneath the battery are the former ammunition stores and living quarters. This fortification is now in the hands of the National Gibraltar Museum who are currently using it as a research centre, for their cave and undersea studies.

Mosque This beautiful example of Muslim architecture has been standing at Europa Point since 1997. It was paid for by the late King Fahad Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia and caters for the Muslim population of Gibraltar, most of whom originate from Morocco.

The mosque is a beautiful addition to this unique site. When

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS lit up at night it stands out dramatically and is visible from miles away.

City Hall City Hall is located on the western side of the Piazza at John Mackintosh Square. Officially opened on November 28, 1924,

by Governor, General Sir Charles C. Monro it is home to government offices and that of the Mayor of Gibraltar. (The Mayor is selected from the members of the Gibraltar Parliament (formerly House of Assembly) by the members themselves.)

This site is believed to have had a hermitage on it and Our Lady of Mercy Hospital. The present building was constructed in 1815 by Aaron Cardozo, a prominent Gibraltarian, for use as his family home.

From 1833 to 1839 the building became the Club House Hotel, in which the writer William Thackeray was a guest. In 1875 Cardozo’s nephew sold the house to Pablo Larios, a wealthy Spanish businessman and long time resident in Gibraltar.

In 1876 the home was put at the disposal of H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria, who lived in the mansion during his tour of duty in Gibraltar. Until 1924, it was known as Connaught House.

In 1920 the property was sold to the Colonial Government and used as the parcel post house. In 1924 it was transferred to the newly created City Council who held their meetings here until 1969 when the Council was merged with the Gibraltar Government.

In 1995, on the initiative of the Gibraltar Heritage Trust, and with donations from the Marifold Trust, the Gibraltar government and many local businesses and individuals, the exterior was restored.

It is now the new National Art Gallery.

The Convent From 1711 the Convent, located on Main Street, has been the official residence of the

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS Governor of Gibraltar. This is where the Changing of the Guard takes place occasionally by the Gibraltar Regiment.

Prior to the British taking possession of the Rock, Franciscan Friars resided in the Convent from 1531. The nave of their chapel forms the ballroom but the billiard room was not a part of the building when the order lived there. It was added in 1879. The Convent was further expanded upon in 1864 when the banquet room was built. On display here are the shield of arms, flags and mottoes of all of Gibraltar’s governors and distinguished persons connected with Gibraltar since 711.

The panels of the end doors are made from cedar washed ashore from Spanish wrecks engaged in the Grand Attack of 1782. Still clearly visible are the shot holes.

On the patio is a statue of General Eliott. It was cut from the bowsprit of the Spanish man-ofwar San Juan, that was taken at Trafalgar.

The beautiful garden is enhanced with some rare and exotic plants and includes some very old Dragon Trees. Royalty has contributed to the lushness of the garden by planting trees. King Edward VII, the German Emperor Wilhelm II, Queen Alexandra,

Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito, and Queen Elizabeth II have all added trees to the garden.

Some believe that the Convent is haunted by the Grey Lady. She was a Franciscan Nun who was caught trying to elope with her sweetheart, who was a monk.

Pursued, the couple tried to flee to Algeciras in a row boat but a storm blew up and he perished. She was caught and executed in the Convent.

The Garrison Library The Garrison Library which holds the finest collections of English language books in the Mediterranean, was established in 1793 by Col. Drinkwater. The Colonel was posted to Gibraltar during the Great Siege and having been trapped on the Rock for four years without any books he was determined not to have to suffer another siege without reading material so he set about establishing a library for the officers of the Garrison. The library was constructed at Governor’s Parade on the site where the Spanish Governor’s residence had previously stood. It was inaugurated in 1793, but this was not to be its permanent home. The new building was completed in 1804 with a new wing added in 1867.

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS

The Garrison Library The library boasts a comprehensive collection of works on Gibraltar. It is now a research library and is open to researchers Opening Hours Monday - Friday from 9.00am - 5.00pm. Free Tours are conducted on Fridays at 11.00am.

Parliament House This building, located on the eastern side of the Piazza, was established in 1817 as the Exchange and Commercial Library under Governor Sir George Don. (Don is known as the father of modern Gibraltar

because of the many projects which were undertaken during his administration, including the building of the law courts and Alameda Gardens.) Don’s bust overlooks Main Street from the top of the House of Assembly. The building was damaged by fire in 1919 and the roof was redone in a different style. It was to be six years before in was reopened by Governor, Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien, on September 25, 1922. On November 23, 1950 the building became the Legislative Council and on August 26, 1969 became the House of Assembly.

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS nd

John Mackintosh Hall was built.

The John Mackintosh Hall opened its doors to the public in April 1964 and has been the centre of Gibraltar’s cultural activities ever since. The building was purpose built and the John Mackintosh architects were keen to make use Hall of the Mediterranean light that John Mackintosh, a wealthy was reflected off the Rock, and philanthropist, born in Gibraltar in used shade and movements of air 1865, was a simple man of a to relieve the heat of the summer retiring nature who went little months – an environmental into society. He was very approach well ahead of its time. approachable, however, and had The architects used the many friends in all walks of life. Mediterranean architectural He was .m -=--read and fond of traditions in designing the interior music as well as very public- of the building too, as a series of spirited; he could always be interconnecting courtyards in counted on for practical help in which the direct sunlight was any worthwhile cause. His genuine controlled, and which became interest in the welfare of his native ‘rooms without roofs’, with trees, Gibraltar and the needs of the fountains and shaded areas. aged, sick and poor was reflected Since its opening, ideas about in his will when he provided the use of the building have only homes for the aged poor, for an been slightly modified and adapted additional wing to the old to cater for changing times: certain Colonial Hospital and also for rooms have been put to entirely various charities. He was keen to new uses and an increasing foster the connection between emphasis has been given to adult Gibraltar and Great Britain and and cultural activities. The library the educational provisions of his now occupies the entire east side will were designed to promote and of the building and the theatre, strengthen the ties between which was originally conceived as England and Gibraltar, particularly a multi-purpose school hall, has in the cultural and educational changed in character so that it is needs of the young people of now better-suited to conferences Gibraltar. It was through the and lectures, as well as musical and provisions of this will that the dramatic productions, than before.

On 2 January 2007, the Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 came into effect. The Order restyles the House of Assembly as the Gibraltar Parliament.

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS John Mackintosh Hall The Main Guard

The continues to be the centre of Gibraltar’s cultural activities where over two hundred societies and associations meet regularly.

Law Courts The Law Courts are located on Main Street near the Convent.

From the 1830’s when Gibraltar was granted its Charter of Justice sessions have been held at these premises. Many famous cases, such as that of the Mary Celeste ‘ghost ship’ trial have been heard.

The Registry Office was formerly situated in an annex of this building where a number of famous people have been married.

John Lennon and Yoko Ono were married here in 1969 (this event is commemorated on a Gibraltar phone card); Sean Connery in 1975 and Des O’Conner tied the knot here in 1987.

Over a three-year period between 2009 and 2012, the original Law Court building underwent a massive building programme of restoration and extension. The whole programme involved staff moving to temporary accommodation, the moving of historical court archives and the management of on-going court work in the middle of all this.

The Main Guard home of the Gibraltar Heritage Trust since 2001 dates from the middle of the 18th century. Over the years and commencing as a guard house occupied by the Garrison, it has variously been used as a fire station, public baths and Government offices for the payment of utility bills and road licences.

It now also has the tourist information counter.

Law Courts

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GATES, WALLS & FORTIFICATIONS to extend the wall to the summit.

Gates,Walls & Devil’s Tongue was situated Fortifications on the present Waterport Wharf Casemates Gates the first gate was opened in 1727 and was followed by others in 1859 and 1884. Passing through them from the outside one goes into Casemates Square, at the north end of Main Street. Above the Square the batteries and walls lead up to the Tower of Homage (Moorish Castle). This area was under the protection of the old castle and was within the confines of the old 15th century Spanish town. After 13 sieges by the Spanish this area was in such ruin that it was pulled down and the Square was made in 1731.

Charles V Wall, which comes down from the ancient Moorish wall, past Trafalgar cemetery at the southern end of Main Street was built in 1552 by Calvi, the Italian Engineer. Calvi was sent to Gibraltar by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, (Charles I of Spain, a Habsburg, and grandson and heir to Queen Isabella) to fortify the defences after an attack by pirates in 1540. Attacks by pirates were frequent, but on this occasion Turkish pirates, under the command of Barbarossa, took over 70 captives with the intent of selling them into slavery. Charles’ son, Felipe II commissioned another Italian engineer El Fratino

road and was originally an old Spanish pier built during the reign of King Philip III. At the time it connected to the counterguard by a narrow bridge and a sally port which can still be seen today in the wall of Montagu Counterguard near the roundabout. A drawbridge by the “Chatham Wicket” opened up onto the Mole and the cemented over opening in the sea wall is still visible. The name is believed to have come from the Great Siege (1779 - 1783) when the Spanish christened it so due to the tremendous fire power of the battery. This site was probably an improvement on the Moorish one.

Devil’s Tower played a significant role in the Rock’s defences. A tower, similar to the Martello Towers along the Spanish coast, was situated at the end of Devil’s Tower Road on the isthmus near the eastern end of the road.The Spaniards used this tower to warn of pirates and other attackers sailing towards Gibraltar.

When they were spotted large bonfires were lit which could be seen by defenders further up the coast, alerting them to danger.

Grand Battery, the lowest part of the original Moorish Northern Defence, was known by

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GATES, WALLS & FORTIFICATIONS the Spanish as the Curtain of St. Bernard. The northern area provided defences for the Landport entrance, the Watergate and the Cooperage.

A narrow causeway connected Spain to the narrow land entrance into Gibraltar though Landport Gate. The sea would lap the causeway on one side (Glacis area) while on the other side there was water from the Inundation, dug on the orders of the Prince of HesseDamstadt.

Years later the inundation was enlarged and many deep pits were excavated in it. This was done so that sharp shooters above King’s

Lines could fire at anyone attempting to cross the causeway.

Jumper’s Bastion was named after Captain Jumper who was the first to land his troops in 1704 when the combined BritishDutch force captured Gibraltar.

Jumper’s, along Rosia Road is divided in two, the north bastion and the south bastion.

King’s Bastion was built in 1773 by General Sir Robert Boyd on the site of an old Moorish Gate and a Spanish Bastion (1575), and designed by Col. Sir William Green, Chief Engineer. The bastion, which provided accommodation for 800

King’s Bastion Leisure Centre

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GATES, WALLS & FORTIFICATIONS men was the keystone of the defences during the Great Siege. It was part of the Line Wall and the position from where the red hot shots were fired, and where General Eliott stood during the heaviest shelling by enemy during the grand attack of 1782.

During Victorian times the original bastion was modified and the cannon, fireproof curtains and other structures could still be seen.

When it was no longer required for defence, it was turned into an electricity generating station. The station was designed by local architect Natalio Langdon and was opened in October 1961. It closed down during the 1990s and was eventually demolished in 2005.

The original bastion façades were then re-exposed.

Today, the bastion has been totally redeveloped into one of Gibraltar's premiere leisure facilities, the latest lease of life for this important monument. “The King’s Bastion Leisure Centre”.

Landport Gate was built by the Spaniards in the late sixteenth century on the site of an earlier Moorish gate. It was the only land entrance into Gibraltar. It was destroyed and had to be rebuilt in 1729 by the British. The drawbridge went into a state of decay but in 1922 it was repaired and is now in full working order.

During the Great Siege, General

Eliott’s troops stole out through this gate for a surprise attack on the Spanish lines. Bomb Proof Battery (1790), Hesse’s Demi Bastion (1705) Couveport Battery

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GATES, WALLS & FORTIFICATIONS and King’s Lines Battery provided flanking cover for Gibraltar’s only land entrance, Landport Gate.

Line Wall from the time the British captured Gibraltar in 1704 there has been a co-ordinated system of defence from the North Face of the Rock to Europa Point.

These defences, which became known as the Line Wall,were built on the Moorish sea-wall using white Portland limestone. The sea lapped at the foot of the walls which were almost entirely reconstructed and fortified. All the land to the west of this wall has, over the years, been reclaimed from the sea.

As a memorial of his regard and welfare of the people of Gibraltar, Governor Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien had the esplanade and steps constructed along the Line Wall in 1921.

The Gibraltar War Memorial on Line Wall Road is in honour of the fallen during World War I including a number of Gibraltarians. It was unveiled in 1923 by the Governor General Sir Charles Monro and is the work of Jose Piquet Catoli from Barcelona.

As the Royal Air Force did not exist in its present form until the 1st April 1918 (amalgamation of Royal Flying Corps & Royal Naval Service) it relates only to soldiers and sailors. The two

Russian guns were captured during the Crimean War and were given to the people of Gibraltar for the help Gibraltar gave during this war. They arrived in Gibraltar in 1858.

O’ Hara’s Tower and Battery was named after General Charles O’Hara who was the Governor of Gibraltar from 17951802. He believed that if only the Rock was a little higher, his lookouts would be able to see the Spanish ships as they left Cadiz.

He had a special tower built on top of the highest point of the Rock at the southern end where O’Hara’s Battery stands today.

O’Hara’s Tower proved to be a failure and it became known as “O’Hara’s Folly.” The tower was later demolished and a gun battery was constructed in its place. It was subsequently reconstructed in 1935 with a 9.2 inch gun that had a range of 16.82 miles.

O’Hara was very popular with the officers and men and was nicknamed “The Old Cock of the Rock.”

Prince Edward’s Gate is in the Charles V Wall overlooking Trafalgar Cemetery and was named after Queen Victoria’s father, the Duke of Kent. From 1802 to 1820 he was the Governor of Gibraltar.

Ragged Staff. A gate was cut through the Line Wall in 1736 to

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GATES, WALLS & FORTIFICATIONS access victually warships after a wharf 350 feet long was built by a contractor to the Navy Victualling Office. The wharf was accessed by a flight of stone steps, and a drawbridge.

There are many theories to the origin of the name, though none of them have been verified. One theory suggests that the Ragged Staff was a badge of the Emperor Charles V. Another suggests that at the end of the jetty there was a ragged mast that was used to hoist the barrels from the row boats. (A naval term for the mast is staff, hence, ragged staff.) Yet another suggests the name derived from the rough finish of the original work because staff can mean cement or similar building material. Major General Sir John Jones called the area, “an ill-conditioned spot...”.

The gates provide passage through the wall at a site that was known as the Ragged Staff Couvreport.

Rock Gun Battery during the Great Siege work was started on a road up to the highest point of the North Face (1300 ft), but it took far too long so the impatient gunners took matters into their own hands. Using block and tackle they hauled a large cannon to the summit where they established Rock Gun Battery.

From this lofty position they could

harass the main Spanish camp.

During the World War II the battery was reconstructed and a light anti-aircraft gun platform was positioned on the very edge of the North Face of the Rock.

Southport Gates were constructed in 1552 during the reign of Emperor Charles V. The Arms of Gibraltar and the Spanish Arms are above the original gate and a second gate, opened in 1883 bears the arms of Queen Victoria and General Sir John Adye, a Governor of Gibraltar. The third, and widest of these gates is Referendum Gate. It was opened in 1967 and commemorates the referendum in which Gibraltarians voted by an overwhelming majority, to retain their links with Britain. All these gates provide access through an ancient Moorish wall.

Wellington Front was constructed by convict labour in 1840. Over 900 convicts worked on the construction of walls and other defensive work. The Owen Glenower (named after a Welsh Prince) anchored off the Front was the home for the convicts. The ship’s bell, which is now in the Gibraltar Museum, was rung whenever a convict escaped.

In 1875 it was decided that it would be cheaper to employ local labour as the prisoners did not work hard enough to pay for their keep.

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CHURCHES Cathedral of St Mary the Crowned The Cathederal of St Mary the Crowned is built on the site of what used to be a very beautiful and richly decorated mosque. After the Christians drove the Moors from the Rock in 1462 the mosque was used as a church until the Spanish King Ferdinand and his wife Isabella decreed that it be stripped of its Islamic past and be enlarged. They donated the bells and clock for the 100 ft tower, which remain to this day. Their coat of arms was placed in the courtyard where it can still be seen.

The courtyard was four times its present size and contained an orange grove surrounded by cloisters. The church itself extended to the opposite side of what is now Main Street.

During the Great Siege, the church suffered extensive damage, and despite attempts to rebuild it little progress was made.

In 1790, Governor Boyd offered his assistance in return for a third of the land, which enabled him to re-route Main Street. An on-going after affect of this loss of ground is that mortal remains are frequently uncovered during routine excavations of the road outside. During the recent beautification of Main Street the Cathedral of St Mary the Crowned

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CHURCHES opportunity was taken to do an archeological investigation when the asphalt was removed to make way for the paving stones.

Inside the Cathedral the high altar is very grandiose, done in the style of that of St. Peter’s in Rome.

The beautiful marble plinths and columns, with the six ton bogatino top were originally bound for South America when the ship carrying this precious cargo sank in the harbour. It was salvaged and placed in the church.

The Cathedral is named after Our Lady of Europe. There is a statue in her honour at the altar, a duplicate of the original in the Shrine at Europa Point.

Another statue has been given the unusual name of Our Lady of the Flannels. It was found floating in a box in the harbour sometime in the 18th century in flannels!

enough along to be used in this capacity.

With the Dowager Queen Adelaide present, Holy Trinity was consecrated in 1838. With the creation of the Diocese of Gibraltar the church became a cathedral in 1838. In 1979 it was extended to the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe which means the Anglican Bishop of Gibraltar is responsible for all Anglican churches in Europe excepting the British Isles. Holy Trinity is located at Cathedral Square.

Cathedral of the Holy Trinity The foundation stone for Holy Trinity was laid in 1825 and the design was done in the Moorish style to commemorate the fact that the Moors first landed in Europe at Gibraltar in 711. It was not first used as a church but as an emergency hospital when a ravaging epidemic of yellow fever broke out in 1828.

Although the church wasn’t completed at that time, it was far

Church of Scotland

Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland has a small but devout congregation in Gibraltar. Scotland’s national church found its way to Gibraltar with Presbyterians in the military forces. Its followers experienced

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CHURCHES many years of persecution for their worship. It was not until 1840 that Presbyterianism became an established church in Gibraltar. It served expatriates, servicemen and members of other Reform churches.

This did not stop the opposition, and it says much of the faith and the generosity of the Church’s followers that the beautiful Church of St Andrews in Governor’s Parade was built about 140 years ago from their own resources. Neither the government nor the armed forces made a contribution.

King’s Chapel King’s Chapel is the name of the Garrison church beside the Convent. Although is was known as Queen’s Chapel during Victorian times, Queen Elizabeth II did not wish to change its name a second time. The wife of the Spanish governor (1648) is buried here as are British governors O’Hara (1802) and Campbell (1813). Regular Sunday services are open to the public.

Located in the heart of the town. Its five bells, hanging from the towers, give it a unique and appealing beauty. Inside are many statues that were brought from Genoa. The Government began construction in 1812 and the church was meant to serve both the military and civilian population.

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King’s Chapel

King’s Chapel Interior

CAVES & TUNNELS Caves There are over 200 caves in Gibraltar, some of which have proven to be valuable archeological sites as Neanderthals and early humans found them to be accommodating homes. The Gorham’s Cave Complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Gorham’s Cave has had two major excavations which have yielded valuable information and artefacts. The first dig occurred in the 1950’s while a second began in the early ’90s.

Gorham’s Cave is difficult to reach from land as it is one of a number of caves formed by the sea at the southeastern tip of the Rock near Europa Point.There are stone tools and other artifacts left by

humans and deposits which are Neanderthalic (40,000 B.C.) and Neolithic (6,000 B.C.) in origin.

Romans, Carthaginians, Phoenicians, and Moors left remains of camp fires, glass beads, broaches and lamps in the upper levels. Bones of animals that no longer live in the area, such as hyenas, lion and grey seals have been found.

Great Siege Tunnels The Great Siege Tunnels, once known as the Upper Galleries, are one of Gibraltar’s most popular tourist attractions.

During the Great Siege, (1779-1783) Spanish troops were gathered on the eastern side of the

Great Seige Tunnels

Great Seige Tunnels

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CAVES & TUNNELS isthmus where they were sheltered from British fire by the Rock itself. A projection called “The Notch” on the northern face would have been an excellent place for a gun but the problem was how to get it up there.

Sergeant Major Ince offered to try to blast a way through the rock. Work commenced May 25, 1782 and after six weeks the troops had advanced 36 metres.

However, the air in the tunnel was thick with blasting fumes and it was clear that ventilation was needed.

A hole was blown in the side of the tunnel overlooking what is now La Linea and it was immediately realised that such a hole would prove a wonderful position for a gun. By the time peace was declared four guns had been mounted in prime positions overlooking the Spanish lines.

By the following June nearly 230 metres of tunnel had been excavated and “The Notch” was reached. A large chamber, now known as St George’s Hall, was hollowed out and embrasures were put in place.

The heavy guns were put into place with the aid of large iron rings attached to the rock by spike of over 30 centimetres long.

Molten lead was used as the adhesive.

Two large chambers, called magazines, were created in which to store gun powder. Considerable steps were taken to prevent accidental explosion. During the Great Siege the garrison used nearly 800 barrels of gun powder and fired 200,600 rounds of shot.

During World War II search lights and a generator were installed and a group of Royal Engineers were detailed to operate and maintain them. The Cornwall’s Chamber, with three embrasures overlooking Western Beach, served as their living quarters and remains of the original access steps can still be seen.

Also during World War II the Holyland tunnel, which leads from St. George’s Hall to the eastern side of the Rock, was excavated.

Now, inside the tunnel 18 lifelike figures depict scenes from the time of the Great Siege.

Sound and visual effects bring to life what it would have been like to be in the caves when they were being used by the military.

Open 9.30am - 7.15pm daily.

Cost included in Nature Reserve fee.Tel: (+350) 20043832.

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CAVES & TUNNELS accessed: the tunnel between Camp Bay and Europa Point.

Harley Street Tunnel across from the Royal Naval Hospital, leads to Gorts Hospital that was named after General The Viscount Gort of the Grenadier Guards who was the Governor of Gibraltar in 1941. Several hospitals were built inside the tunnels to be used in the event of an attack on Gibraltar during World War II. Great Seige Tunnels Landport Tunnel was built by the Spanish in the late 16th century Tunnels and was the only land entrance into The Tunnels through the rock, Gibraltar. It was destroyed and had over 30 miles (48.28 km) are to be rebuilt in 1729. greater in length than the 27 miles The 1898 Tunnel to the of outside road in Gibraltar. Prior Dockyard is a half mile long to World War II there were only tunnel and has recently housed seven miles of tunnels, and five of the offices of the Maritime those were added just prior to the Headquarters and NATO First World War. Some of the communication centre. The excavation after 1940 was done by offices were also used by General the Royal Canadian Engineers Eisenhower and his staff during who were pioneers in the use of World War II as they prepared diamond drill equipment. During the North African campaign World War II the longest and main “Operation Torch.” tunnel was named “The Great The tunnel was excavated to North Road” as a tribute to them. transport stones from the quarry The Engineers constructed an to build the dockyards, which, at underground city with its own the time, was the biggest telephone exchanges, frozen meat excavation in the world. stores, water distilleries and The quarry, situated where the hospitals with enough provisions to oil tanks were, was worked by be able to survive for six months in English and Scottish convicts.The the chambers in the event of an Scots were called “Red Legs” attack by the Axis powers. One because their legs were sunburned drive-through tunnel is easily because they wore kilts.

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FLORA & FAUNA Gibraltar Botanic (Alameda) Gardens The land for the Alameda Gardens was dedicated in 1816, outside the city walls. It was the vision of General Sir George Don who wanted to create a place where the people of the Garrison could stroll in peace.

Trees are central to the beauty of the gardens and the name means “Poplar Grove.” There are many trees now well over 200 years old as they were mature at the time the garden was formed.

A period of neglect allowed the gardens to go to ruin but in 1990 a programme of revitalisation began which finished in 1996 with the completion of the beautiful outdoor theatre.

The main walkway leading from the Rock Hotel entrance features an exhibition of the different groups of plants found all over the world while other areas are dedicated to the unique plant life of Gibraltar.

Flora and Fauna, Birds and Butterflies

Alameda Gardens

Gibraltar has over 600 species of wild flowers, some of which are unique to the Rock such as the Gibraltar Sea Lavender and Gibraltar Chickweed. The Rock is

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FLORA & FAUNA the only place in Europe that the Rock Monkeys

Gibraltar Candytuft grows.

Gibraltar’s position between Europe and Africa, the Atlantic and the Mediterranean makes it an important crossing point for migrating birds, whales and dolphins. Migration counts in Gibraltar have reached 11,500 birds of prey, of up to fifteen species in a single day during peak movements.The Rock is a popular location for bird watchers.

Gibraltar has its own unique bird, the Barbary Partridge. Like the macaque, the bird was imported by the British during the 18th century and the ones that live here are unique to Europe though native to Morocco and Algeria.

Butterflies also migrate along the same path, and on a calm spring day the Painted Lady Butterflies are sometimes spotted.

One of Gibraltar’s more popular attractions is the monkeys which live on the Nature Reserve upper rock.

They are often called Barbary Apes but they are tailless Macacas Sylvanus. One of the popular stories about the monkeys comes from World War II.When Winston Churchill was in Gibraltar he worried that the apes would die out and provide propaganda for the enemy (legend has it that when the macaque leave Gibraltar so will the British). He ordered the military authorities to care for the macaque, and to import more if necessary, which they did until July 1992 when the government took over their care.

There are now 230-240 apes living in five packs on the Rock and they are a major tourist Alameda Gardens

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TOURS attraction but, unfortunately for the macaque, the tourists are a major health hazard. People often feed them chocolate and other things that aren’t good for their health.

They are fed regularly, though they could survive on their own.

The regular feeding ensures they get a healthy supply of fruit and keeps them from descending into town where they would search for food. Care must be advised as macaque have a tendancy to appropriate foods in plastic bags and other items loosely held. You are reminded that feeding the apes is not permitted.

The Apes’ Den is open 9.30am Barbary Ape

- 7.15pm daily. Cost included in Nature Reserve fee.

Dolphin Watching Gibraltar Harbour is a natural breeding areas for three types of dolphins, the Striped, Common and Bottlenose. Whales and turtles are occasionally spotted.

Dolphin watching trips are available from Marina Bay docks.

All trips feature the beautiful scenery of the Strait of Gibraltar with views of Africa, the coastline and the Rock of Gibraltar.

A unique and unforgettable opportunity to get close to three species of dolphin and up to nine species of whale, together with flying fish, turtles and sunfish often just inches away.

Sailing in Gibraltar Gibraltar is a fantastic place to set sail from. With 2 continents and 2 seas there is so much to see and do right on our doorstep!

Sailing the strait with their unique conditions, consistent winds and abundance of marine wildlife, there is never a dull moment!

Sailing in the bay of Gibraltar is a fantastic experience with the many pods of dolphins, marine wildlife and of course the amazing view of the rock itself. You have the opportunity to see the rock of the Gibraltar from a new angle and

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TOURS are able to sail around Europa Do-it-yourself point to the eastern beaches.

Here you are able to enjoy all Historical Walking aspects of sailing with the Tour opportunity to have a gentle sail around the bay or an exhilarating sail out in the strait for the more adventurous.

Sailing here is not to be taken lightly. With one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, Gibraltar and Algeciras ports with their ferries, cargo ships and oil tankers, a good look out must be kept at all times.

Gibraltar is one of the main stopping points for yachts on their way into the med or over to the Caribbean via the Canaries.

This is a do-it-yourself tour that takes about 1 hour and 10 minutes including taking time at each stop to flip through this book and read the relevant passage aloud. Time spent in the museum or on the optional tours is not included. This tour is along very flat ground, and only if the optional tour to Alameda Gardens is taken, is there any uphill walking. Be very careful crossing the streets as traffic can be very heavy at certain times of the day.

The starting point for this tour is the Line Wall (Waterport, Casemates) opposite the fountain roundabout on your way into

Sailing in Gibraltar

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TOURS Gibraltar town centre. Walk towards the Grand Casemates Gates (p.32) The bus stop is on your left and the Public Market on your right. Go through the gates and continue on straight ahead toward Casemates Square. Turn right to Main Street. On your right is the Koehler Gun (p.6) and then a Statue of a Gibraltar Defence Force Soldier Continue up Main Street, past the International Commercial Centre and turn right on to Cooperage Lane. Carry along Cooperage Lane until you are past the back of the Shopping Centre and go up the flight of stairs in the wall on you left.Turn left at the top of the stairs. Cross at the light (60 metres on the right.) In front of you is the American War Memorial (p.7) Go up the steps to the left of the memorial. There are gun mountings along the Line Wall (p.35). Remember that in front of these gun mountings was the sea the land that is here now has been reclaimed since the guns were used in the Great Siege (1779-83.)

The Spanish gun that once sat here is now missing.

Return up the memorial steps to cross the street at the traffic lights, turn to your right and walk on down Line Wall until first opening on your left and continue down the steps (there is a green railing here which leads to Irish

Place). Turn right at the first turning - this is Irish Town.

Continue past the old police station (p.87) and turn right at the end of Irish Town (at John Mackintosh square) and left in front of City Hall (p.27). Directly opposite City Hall is the Parliament House (p.29). From City Hall we do a short detour, turn right, go to the Traffic Lights, Cross Line Wall Road and decend the English Steps going left when you reach the bottom about 100metres on, you will come to the entrance of King’s Bastion Leisure Centre (p.33). Once again sit for a break. From here retrace your steps to City Hall. Cross the Piazza (square) to Main Street and turn right. Go past the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned (p.37).

Just past the Cathedral turn right at the statue of the Garrison soldier down Bomb House Lane.

Turn left to pass the Gibraltar National Museum (p.10) and Moorish Baths (p.12). At the end of this street is the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (p.38). Cross over to the square and turn right past the children’s playground. Cross Line Wall Road. Go up the ramp. To your right is King’s Bastion (p.33) and Line Wall esplanade. Again, remember that the cannons which are here would have been firing over water, not land.

Return to the ramp, and go

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TOURS down.Turn right and go down the stairs through the archway to Queensway. Turn left.

Carry along the same side to Wellington Front (p.36). Cross at the crosswalk to reach Queensway Quay (p.58) and walk along the harbourside. Leave Queensway Quay and cross the road near the roundabout. At Ragged Staff Gate (p.35) turn left. Continue along Ragged Staff Road and go straight through the intersection to Trafalgar Cemetery (p.19).

Opposite is the South Bastion (1540) and a Statue of Nelson

Grand Casemates Gates

(p.9). (Here there are several options, noted below). Turn left (toward City Centre) and continue through Southport Gates (p.36) down Main Street past John Mackintosh Hall (p.30). Continue along past the Convent (p.27) and cross Convent Square staying on Main Street. On your right inside the gardens are the Law Courts (p.31). Continue along Main Street, and turn right up Library Street.

At the top of the street is the Church of Scotland (p.38). Cross Governor’s Street and go through the white archway next to the old Gibraltar Chronicle office. The Gibraltar Chronicle is one of the oldest English language newspapers in the world and was first published in 1801. Go up the stairs. At the top is the Garrison Library (p.28). If the gate is open, go through the gate and cross the street to Governor’s Parade, if not, go back down the stairs and through the archway. At Governor’s Parade there is a monument to Queen Victoria (p.8). You can continue along and reach Main Street from here - the Piazza is quite close and this is another opportunity to take the Taxi Tour (p.51) or there is shopping on Main Street.

Alternatively, you can go back up to Governor’s Street and walk along this street until it takes you

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TOURS back to Main Street, near the International Commercial Centre.

Walking tours visit www.walkgibraltar.com Phone: +447770 534701 Email: walkgibraltar@talktalk.net

Optional Tours for the Do-it-yourself Historical Tour at Trafalgar Cemetery Alameda Gardens: From Trafalgar Cemetery, continue up the hill and turn right at Europa Road. Continue along the right hand side of the street until you reach Alameda Gardens (p.43). A stroll in the gardens will lead you to Eliott’s Monument (p.8) and Wellington’s Monument (p.9). Go back out the way you went in and backtrack down Europa Road. Do not turn left at Trafalgar Cemetery, but carry on through Prince Edward’s Gate (p.35) in the Trafalgar Cemetery

Charles V Wall (p.32). Take your first left and continue along this road. Take your first left to Main Street and John Mackintosh Hall (p.30). Continue along as above.

Taxi Tour: You can get the official Gibraltar Taxi Tour (p.51) at Trafalgar Cemetery (p.19). This is recommended for those who want a guided tour of the Upper Rock.

You can return to Trafalgar Cemetery and continue along with the above tour.

Cable Car: Turn right at Trafalgar Cemetery (p.19) and cross at the roundabout. Turn left and then right to find the Cable Car (p.21) in Grand Parade.

World War II Tunnel Tours Licensed tour guides will take you on a tour lasting approximately 52 minutes with a 15-minute comfort break. Tour includes static exhibitions and photographic displays. Tours are running throughout the day from Monday till Saturday 1000 hrs till 1700hrs (last tour is at 1600hrs). Last entrance, may close earlier at weekends, it is advisable to check prior to your visit. World War II Tunnels must be booked in advance by contacting naturereserve@gibraltar.gov.gi or call +350 200 76879.

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TOURS Lower St Michael’s scrambling and minor with ropes involved, Cave times may vary.

Lower St. Michael’s Cave was discovered in 1942, accidentally, whilst blasting a second entrance at St Michael’s Cave in order to prepare it for use as an emergency hospital during the Second World War. There are reasonably priced organised tours available to the general public. The tour normally lasts around three hours, however due to the fact that there is some

climbing duration

The cave is totally in its original natural state (although it is fully lit).

This cave could be referred to as a show cave as many unique and interesting formations are found here.

One of the sites visited during this tour is a beautiful underground lake and fortunately for the visitor, who will no doubt not want to forget this

St. Michael’s Cave

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TOURS wonderful speleological experience, photography is permitted.

People are advised to wear stout shoes and casual clothing.

Group sizes range from 5-10 people. Due to the unusual nature of this tour, children under the age of ten years are not allowed.

Mini Bus and Taxi Tours If you have only a brief time in Gibraltar one of the quicker ways of taking in the highlights of the Rock is with a guided tour. The driver not only knows his way around Gibraltar but is knowledgeable about the history, the flora and fauna, and the legends

of the Rock. Plus he knows where to take the best pictures!

Sights include the Great Siege Tunnels, St Michael’s Cave, the Rock Apes, Europa Point, O’Hara’s Battery, etc.

Various tours are offered and you can negotiate your own customised tour.

Parodytur Tel. (+350) 20076070 Bland Travel Tel. (+350) 20048880 Calypso Tours Tel. (+350) 20012730 Taxi Association Tel. (+350) 20070027

Europa Point

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TOURS

SIGHTSEEING

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TOURS hospital and the gun divisions in The Rock is honeycombed the North Phase. with a 32 mile-long network of tunnels. As may be expected with military tunnels, parts of the system are inaccessible to the public.

Guided Tunnel Tours start at Hays Level (Exhibition of photographs on Tunnels) and run Tours run Monday to Sunday from 09:30 – 19:15 (last entry 18.15). Price for the tour is £8.00. naturereserve@gibraltar.gov.gi The tunnels covered were excavated from 1939-1944. Sites included are the Great North Road, Calpe Hole, Clapham Junction and Jock’s Balcony. You will also visit the underground power station, underground WWII Tunnels

Tunnel Tours

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BEACHES took power and they were joined by other Italians, Portuguese, British and Spaniards who fled Napoleon’s Well, besides the sightseeing, army during the Peninsular War. touring, caving, wildflower Improvements to the beach have spotting, bird, dolphin watching, made this already popular area even and wildlife watching mentioned more so. Great quantities of sand in the last chapter, Gibraltar has were hauled in and a mini some great beaches, scuba diving, breakwater was formed below fishing, as well as shopping. As Caleta Palace to protect the shore. well, there are some excellent During the hot days of summer restaurants to go to... this is one place where locals and tourists like to cool off.

The four star Caleta Hotel overlooks the beach on the south edge of the village. Some of the best seafood in Gibraltar can be enjoyed at the beach restaurants here.

What Else does Gibraltar offer?

Our Lady of Sorrows at Catalan Bay

Catalan Bay Nestled on the eastern side of the rock there is a feeling of isolation in the little village that curls around the bay beneath the steep slopes of the rock of Gibraltar. Catalan Bay was settled under Spanish rule by Genoese who lived in the fishing huts around the bay. They decided to remain there when the British

Catalan Bay

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BEACHES Eastern Beach Eastern Beach is located off Devil’s Tower Road stretching up to the end of the airport runway.

This is the longest of Gibraltar’s beaches. There are changing facilities and a number of food kiosks and restaurants operate in the summer.

Sandy Bay Sandy Bay is located beneath Both Worlds on the eastern side of the Rock a short distance south of Catalan Bay. Although it is called “sandy” bay, the beach is a mixture of pebbles and sand. This beautiful

bay is both is great for those who love a sandy beach, sun and sea a place suitable for a family day out, we are sure you will leave with fond memories and a great tan.

Diving The waters around Gibraltar have been witness to the sea going vessels which have plied the waters from the earliest of man’s sea faring days.

A combination of accidents, sea battles and the scuttling of vessels have contributed to the interesting dive sites which nature provided.

Diving in Gibraltar is different from diving in other areas of the Mediterranean. The flow of water from the Atlantic, although not as clear as other areas of the Mediterranean, is less polluted and full of nutrition leading to a vast array of marine life.

Visibility is normally near the 10m+ mark with better visibility in the winter months. It is colder than the rest of the Mediterranean so divers need a full wet suit all year round and a semi-dry suit in winter.

Some of the 30 sites include: SS Rosslyn - a huge freighter foundered during a fierce storm in 1890, lying just 20metres below the surface the bow and stern sections are fairly intact although the mid section has not stood the

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BEACHES test of time quite so well. Covered in bright soft corals she is certainly one of the Rock’s prettiest wrecks.

Seven Sisters - a group of rocks and a must for any underwater photographer.

Stunning rock formations and dense marine life will keep even the most discerning photographer snapping away for hours. The most popular wreck in Gibraltar has got to be the 482 cable laying barge, scuttled less than ten years ago she has evolved into a most exciting dive. Only 17 metres deep, divers have plenty of time to explore this large wreck that is now home to Octopus, Spider Crabs and some rather large Conger Eels.

Europa Reef - a reef with depths of 15 - 40m and abundant marine life. The top of the reef is fairly flat with the odd rocky ridge and trench to add to its interest.

This reef is littered with Phoenician and Roman anchors as well as a large Admiralty anchor.

Tides in the area can produce good drift divers.

SS Excellent - a 1600 ton, 260 foot steam schooner which sank after a series of collisions on the 29th of February 1888. She sits upside down in a maximum depth of 30m. Much of her remains intact with a large cavernous interior. Her engine remains in place as does one of the boilers.

The large iron screw makes an

impressive sight with the rudder lying on the sea-bed. Portholes can be seen on this wreck along with a profusion of marine life.

Los Pecos - A spectacular rock reef with a vertical wall from 20 60 m+. Abundant large marine life makes it one of the best dives in the western Mediterranean.

Situated south of Europa Point in the Strait between Europe and Africa this area is susceptible to strong and unpredictable currents, but it is well worth the effort for experienced divers.

Aircraft Wrecks - located near the end of the airport runway at Eastern Beach. They lie in 7 - 20 metres of water but they are not always visible because of moving sand.

Gibraltar has two experienced dive companies: Dive Charters, 4 Admiral’s Walk, Marina Bay Tel: (+350) 20045649, Mobile: (+34) 685608208, E-mail: info@divegib.gi www.divegib.gi Dive Hire 1st, Coaling Island, Tel: (+350) 20073616, Mobile: (+350) 56668000 E-mail: divehire1st@gibtelecom.net

Fishing With its unique position with regards to the Atlantic Ocean,

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MARINAS Ocean Village Marina

Mediterranean Sea and Strait of Gibraltar, the Rock is an angler’s paradise. Both fighting fish, like the Conger Eel, and delicious eating fish, like 14 species of bream, are found in the waters off Gibraltar.

Ocean Village Marina Ocean Village is Gibraltar’s only integrated residential, retail and leisure complex…its marina has been developed to feature state-of-the-art facilities and superb modern services. While the marina location provides secure berthing all year round and in all weather’s, the brand new waterfront also features international bars and restaurants.

The further addition of Leisure

Island, an ambitious and impressive land reclamation project, now offers members of the Ocean Village community and visitors a casino, nightclub, champagne bar and performance area for outdoor events and concerts. The Sunborn boat is also available as a hotel and dining facilities.

On Sundays a small market is held where local crafts and homemade items can be purchased.

Sunborn. A Super Yatch which offers quality and class along with superb offers throughout the year.

Queensway Quay Marina Queensway Quay is one of Gibraltar’s newest marinas, and as

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www.europa.gi

MARINAS well as giving safe harbour for boats, the quay is a pleasant place for a stroll, and it has some excellent dining available with top quality restaurants and bars, as well as a few interesting shops.

Queensway has floating pontoons, which makes it easier for smaller boats to moor here, although large yachts can also take advantage of the Queensway Quay facilities. All services boaters need in a marina are available, including a laundry, and the management tries to give that personal touch, something you might not find

in larger marinas. One of those services is dealing with the cumbersome customs and immigration forms mariners are required to fill out when entering Gibraltar.

Like the other marinas, though at the south end of the harbour, it is only minutes away on foot from Main Street shopping.

Marina Bay Excellent dining is available at Marina Bay’s many restaurants where views of the water and the marina make for an interesting and

Queensway Quay Marina

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PO Box 19, Queensway, Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20044700 | VHF Ch: 71

Email: qqmarina@gibraltar.gi www.queenswayquay.com | Web: queenswayquay.com

BARS & RESTAURANTS relaxing ambience for dinner or an early evening drink. For souvenirs, gifts and postcards there are a number of stores to explore.

For the adventurous, diving courses and excursions are available. Dolphin excursions and deep sea fishing trips are made frequently from the docks.

Marina Bay also offers all the services the boater requires while on the water or ashore. Gibraltar has been an important harbour for hundreds of years so there is extensive experience in Marina Bay has water, electricity, TV and phone connections and a security system to protect boaters and their valuables. Laundry and showers are close at hand.

Chandlery services, insurance, and bonded storage for duty free goods are available. International boaters will find all the facilities they would expect from a top class marina and there is no problem with live aboards - people can stay as long as they want, but there is a half day minimum stay.

Sailboats occupy most of the Marina Bay’s berths but power boats are certainly welcome. The smallest they take is 6-7 metres, because the piers are fixed so if the boat is too small it may be difficult to get on and off at low tide.

always a pleasure - whether it be breakfast, lunch or dinner.

If you are looking for breakfast, Corks and the Clipper in Irish Town, as well as the O’Callaghan Hotel and the Rock Hotel will get you going in the morning.

Corks also has a selection of daily lunch specials and is popular with local businessmen. At night, Corks becomes one of the liveliest places in Gibraltar. A place to see and be seen.

The House of Sacarello, also in Irish Town, is famous for its coffee, but don’t miss out on its afternoon teas as well! They also have great pasta dishes and elaborate sandwiches.

The Clipper Bar / Restaurant situated at the heart of Irish Town, offering a warm welcome with our friendly staff and nautical

Bar / Restaurant Dining out in Gibraltar is

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Main Street

BARS & RESTAURANTS theme. With large TV screens and a mouth watering selection of foods ranging from sandwiches to fish & chips, are looking forward to seeing you.

Located in the centre of Gibraltar, the O’Callaghan Hotel has two restaurants - the Palm Court and the Victoria Garden with a good selection of international cuisine, specialising in Mediterranean flavours. And during the afternoon, enjoy high tea in the lobby. Later in the evening, savour the good life at O’Callaghan Hotel’s Piano Bar, Verandah, which features melodies at the grand piano in a tranquil ambience.

Another family favourite, Pizza Hut, is located on the ground floor of the International Commercial Centre and they have the famous salad bar, piping hot pasta dishes and deep dish and pan pizza.

For lighter meals, check out Gibraltar’s pubs. The Angry Friar (opposite The Convent) serves traditional English meals and drinks, and if you’re lucky, you’ll see the changing of the guard from their terrace. The Royal Calpe, further down on Main Street, offers a wide range of pub grub.

For al fresco diners, there is an outdoor courtyard you can eat in as well as tables out front.

Biancas situated on the waters edge in Gibraltar’s foremost

yachting Marina Bay. We offer an extensive a la Carte menu with freshly cooked daily specials, specialising in steaks, fish & pizza.

We also have a children's menu, vegetarian menu and a superb wine list.

Lovely surroundings to enjoy our popular Sunday roast carvery, a Gibraltar favourite. If you are looking for quality food and drink at competitive prices, then come to Biancas. Located overlooking the marina at Queensway Quay, the Waterfront Bar/Restaurant has fabulous views from its terrace and serves a wide selection of international dishes. Try it for lunch, dinner, snacks, drinks or its famous summer barbecue.

Chicken, steaks, fish and seafood and pasta dishes are all on the varied menu.

Lek Bankok, the finest, authentic Thai cuisine prepared from the very best ingredients including fresh herbs, spices and exotic vegetables sent to us every week from growers in Thailand. Lek Bangkok’s menu is about choice, flavours, quality and presentation - a true taste of Thailand.

The traditional Thai food is certainly full-flavoured, soups

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SHOPPING sparkle with chilli and lemon grass Shopping in and curries are rich with aromatic Gibraltar and spicy tastes.

Theme: Lek Bangkok in a modern Thai restaurant with influences from both east and west. The restaurant is situated in one of the most modern parts of Gibraltar, Europort is a hive of business activity with surprisingly few places to eat. The restaurant has two floors decorated in Thai artefacts with modern light effects to set the feel. The meal can be formal or informal with family, friends or business colleagues, we have the ability to make every meal a culinary experience that you will never forget.

If you are looking for a Spanish-style tapas restaurant bar, you will find no better than Casa Pepe in Queensway Quay. This is the real thing and you can get paella, jamón pata negra, chorizo, as well as a large selection of tapas and canapes.

A little farther up the Rock, you will find the world famous Rock Hotel. Dine informally on the Wisteria Terrace where they serve lunches, dinners, and afternoon teas. Or choose the more formal restaurant with its stunning views and 3 course house menu or full a la carte menu.

Price and selection make shopping enjoyable in Gibraltar but there is far more to attract the serious shopper who is looking for quality, diversity or a very special gift. It isn’t just price that attracts visitors because not all goods are cheaper than elsewhere. There are many factors that lure shoppers to the Rock.

Most of the shop assistants in Gibraltar are bilingual providing service in either English or Spanish.

Tobacco is one of the great bargains in Gibraltar. A carton of Cigarettes will cost half of what it does in Spain and a third of what it does in Britain. Cigars and spirits are also good buys.

Those looking for electronic goods and photographic equipment have a number of stores to choose from. Video cameras and some SLR cameras are the best deals to be found.

Men looking for a very special gift for their sweethearts will find jewellery a good buy - some items are about 35% cheaper than in Spain. Gold, silver, pearls, diamonds and watches can be found at well established jewellers located on Main Street.

Special gifts can be found at some very unique stores.

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Check out the perfumeries located on Main Street, for all your perfumes and cosmetics.

Prices are 15 to 20% cheaper than in Spain while 20 to 25% lower than in the U.K. A wealth of big brand names, franchises with well known British Main Street names, and beautiful designer wear can be found throughout the City.

Shoppers can find the quality and selection they expect from these stores and everything comes in a good range of sizes.

If you are looking for U.K. or international newspapers, magazines, stationery, or children’s books drop into the Imperial News Agency - established in 1919 and still going strong. It’s located opposite The Convent.

There are several antique stores in Gibraltar specialising in items particular to Gibraltar.There is a great interest in anything military.

Prints, plates from old books and charts are very popular.

Remember, not all of Gibraltar’s shops are located on Main Street, and a little exploring may lead the way to some bargains.

Whatever you are in search of, it is a good bet that it will be easy to find in Gibraltar and everything is VAT free here.

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HISTORY Stamps st

On the 1 January 1886 the Colonial Government of Gibraltar assumed control of its Postal Services. As an interim measure, Bermuda plates were overprinted with ‘Gibraltar’ using different colours. These were replaced

by Gibraltar’s own design in December of that same year.

Gibraltar's stamps were used with peseta values from 1889 to 1898 since trade was carried out in this currency. Stamp designs were rather stereotyped until 1931 when, at the Governor’s request, Captain Garrood, Gibraltar’s Crown Surveyor and Engineer, produced the first pictorial Definitive.

The first commemorative issue was in 1935. The release of such issues were confined up to 1966 to Crown Agents 'Omnibus' issues and marked events of international interest. Since 1966 subjects of a predominantly local flavour have been chosen though international events are also featured.

Today Gibraltar continues to adopt a conservative stamp issuing policy thus maintaining its high reputation amongst the philatelic fraternity. Current stamp issues range from seven to eight commemorative issues a year

together with a change of definitive issue every five or six years.

Coins All of Gibraltar’s coins have been struck by the Pobjoy Mint in Sutton, Surrey since 1988. Before this time, only Sterling coins were in circulation. In 1991, the Government introduced three legal tender ECU coins. Limited edition coins can be purchased at the General Post Office on Main Street.

Neanderthal Man But for a quirk of fate Neanderthal Man - the best known of the primitives - may well have been called Gibraltar Man as it was in a cave in Gibraltar that the first remains of Homo Neanderthalensis was found.

Neanderthal Man lived in the caves around Gibraltar between 120,000 and 60,000 years ago. It was in Forbes’ Quarry Cave at the northern end of Gibraltar in 1848 that an almost entire female skull was found.The significance of this find was not realised until 16 years later when Fuhlrott discovered another skull in the Neanderthal Valley near Düsseldorf in Germany. It was only later, after

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HISTORY this new species had become known as Neanderthal Man, that the Gibraltar skull’s characteristics identified it as being of the same species.

In the meantime the circumstances of the Gibraltar find had been forgotten and the skull taken to Britain for further study.

It is now on display in the British Museum in England along with subsequent discoveries.

Well over 100 Neanderthals have been uncovered worldwide including a child’s skull found in Forbes’ Quarry Cave in 1926.

Gorham’s Cave, on the south side of the Rock has been the site of numerous archeological expeditions and many implements of bone, flint and other materials related to the Neanderthals have been uncovered.

Replicas of the skulls, and finds from Gorham’s Cave are on display in the Gibraltar Museum.

Both Greek and Roman mythology tell the tale of the Labours of Hercules, which had him opening a waterway by splitting apart what is now Europe and Africa and creating the Straits of Gibraltar. Hence Mons Calpe is one of the Pillars of Hercules with the other being Mons Abyla, a hill east of Ceuta.

Mons Calpe The Romans christened Gibraltar ‘Mons Calpe’ in reference to the numerous caves permeating the Rock. They had a base at Carteia, which had been a Phoenician colony west of Gibraltar and they left evidence of their presence here.

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Pillars of Hercules

HISTORY The Gibraltar flag (flanked by the Union Jack and EU flags) is red and white with the Gibraltar Coat of Arms in the centre.

The Roman name lives on, most notably in the coat of arms of Gibraltar which was presented to the people of Gibraltar by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand in the early 1500’s. Much later the official Royal college of Heralds added the words Montis Insignis Calpe in the scroll at the base of the shield on the coat of arms.

Moorish and Spanish Dominion The Muslim invasion of Europe began in the Bay of Gibraltar where the Visigoths sided with Muslims by lending their ships to the Berber Chief, Tarik Ibn Zeyad. Tarik conquered Gibraltar in 711, naming it “Jebel Tarik” (Tarik’s mountain), from which Gibraltar is derived.

Gibraltar continued under Moorish dominion for 700 years, but in the early 14th century, it was taken by Spain for 24 years. In 1462 Spain re-captured the Rock.

Coat of Arms The Gibraltar Coat of Arms was granted to the people of Gibraltar in 1502 during the Spanish occupation of the Rock (1462-1704). It is said that when the Gibraltarians asked their

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HISTORY monarch for a Coat of Arms, Queen Isabella, passing the time at Santa Fe during the Spanish siege of Granada designed and embroidered the banner. She used fine golden thread stitched carefully onto a square of bright red damask.

The emblem incorporates a three turreted castle, representing the fortress of Gibraltar, from which hung a large golden key.

The key represents the Crown’s belief that Gibraltar was the key to the Spanish territories after all, it was through Gibraltar that the Moors had entered and subsequently conquered a large part of Spain.

Above the emblem sits a crown, representing the Spanish monarchy, and a golden wreath encloses the design.

At the surrender of Gibraltar to the Anglo-Dutch force in 1704, the Spanish residents fled. Many of them settled just a few miles away in San Roque where they are still know as “the citizens of Gibraltar in San Roque.” They took with them the coat of arms which now hangs in San Roque’s Town Hall.

The flag that now flies over Gibraltar has changed little from the original. The crown of Spain has gone and the background is now one-third red and two-thirds white. The castle and the key

remain unaltered. To the British the key has come to symbolise Gibraltar’s role as the ‘Key to the Mediterranean.’

British ‘in perpetuity’ Gibraltar remained a Spanish possession from 1462 until 1704 when it fell to a combined AngloDutch Force. The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ceded Gibraltar to the ‘Crown of Great Britain’ in perpetuity, but Gibraltar continued to be subject to bloody conflict with Spain, and in 1782, work began on the Great Siege Tunnels.

The Battle of Trafalgar was fought close to Gibraltar in 1805.

20th century During World War II Gibraltar was home to naval fleet Force H and was the focal point from where General Eisenhower masterminded the North African landings in 1942.

Spain attempted to revive her claim to Gibraltar during the Franco era. This conflict resulted in the closure of the border between Spain and Gibraltar in 1969 and it remained closed for 13 years and was fully opened in 1985 (to vehicles).

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COMMUNITIES Today there is still conflict between Spain and Gibraltar, as the Spanish government continues to want to make the Rock a Spanish possession.

The Hindu Community Following the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 the first merchants from India arrived in Gibraltar with the permission of the Governor, and had the same rights as any other traders in the area. The present population is comprised almost entirely of

descendants from Hyderabad, Sindh (now Pakistan.)

Because Gibraltar was regarded as nothing more than a trading outpost, it was not until 1925 (over 50 years after the arrival of the first merchant) that the first Indian was born in Gibraltar. In the mid1920s proprietors and senior employees began to reside here with their families.

Until 1921 there were only about seven licensed Indian traders. Once licensed they enjoyed freedom of trade and the right to have as many alien employees resident in Gibraltar as

Hindu Temple, Al Mandir

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COMMUNITIES they deemed necessary.

By this time the civilian population of Gibraltar was growing rapidly and the shortage of housing and poor living conditions resulted in aliens being restricted to one place of business for each license holder and the number of alien employees restricted to the number necessary for the conduct of business.

The Governor also decided that no further aliens should be permitted to open businesses here.

This culminated in the Trade Restrictions Ordinance which limited Indian traders to deal only in goods which Gibraltarians were not interested in selling.

After World War II a large number of Hindus moved out of the sub-continent and some settled in Gibraltar.

In 1950 there were 23 licensed Indian traders and by 1961 the number had risen to 26. Traders were allowed two nonGibraltarian employees to reside in Gibraltar.This resulted in about 50 Indian families living in Gibraltar with the remainder living in the ‘Campo’ area and commuting to work each day.

The 1950s saw a radical change in the legal status of (but not the rights enjoyed by) Indians in Gibraltar. The British Nationality

Act 1948 conferred upon British subjects aged over 21 and living in a British territory for not less than five years the right to be registered as citizens of the U.K. and colonies. Indians were British subjects and, those who had lived in Gibraltar for more than five years, were registered as U.K. citizens.

The withdrawal of Spanish labour in 1969 forced the Government to ease restrictions on expatriate labour residing in Gibraltar. Hindus who held U.K. citizenship and resided in Spain took up residence in Gibraltar.

Hindu traders were allowed to recruit more Indian nationals to replace Spanish shop assistants.

Restrictions on trading licenses and immigration controls remained.

1973 saw a dramatic change in the fortunes of the Hindu Community with the entry of the U.K. (and with it Gibraltar) into the EEC. Those members of the Community who had acquired British citizenship qualified overnight for treatment as EEC nationals with the same rights as 300 million Englishmen, Frenchmen, Italians and citizens of the member states.

The right to live, trade and work in Gibraltar has transformed

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COMMUNITIES the Hindu Community into a more dynamic and outward looking people. This has brought not only increased investment in property and trade but also a change in the nature of the business conducted.

The increased confidence and the sense of belonging to Gibraltar and a sense of integration into the wider Gibraltarian community has enabled Gibraltarian Hindus to participate fully in service organisations such as the Rotary Club, the Lions Club of Gibraltar, in the Chamber of Commerce and in other walks of public life.

In 2004, Mr Haresh Budhrani QC was appointed Speaker of the House of Assembly (now the Gibraltar Parliament) and over the years these members of the Community have also been appointed Justices of the Peace.

The Jewish Community Though only numbering about 600, the Jews in Gibraltar have a strong presence in local business and social affairs.

The Community’s Managing Board has overall responsibility for communal matters and policy ranging from finance to education.The Board is headed

by a president and comprises 11 elected members.

Sephardi Jews, who had been expelled by Queen Isabella in 1492 and had dispersed to many countries, settled here soon after the British took control in 1704.

However, Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht, which formalised British ownership of Gibraltar, prohibited both Jews and Moors from residing here.

As the Jews and Moors were traders, bringing in much needed goods, local authorities were reluctant to comply with the treaty. Orders came from Britain to expel them, which the governors did their utmost to get around. In 1714 it was reported that all Jews had been expelled, except for those who had not paid their accounts. This turned out to be most of them.

In 1717 there were more than 300 Jews in Gibraltar and the pressure was still on to have them removed, and many were. From 1719 - 1721 relations with Spain again deteriorated and Jews were allowed to return to Gibraltar, which was due as much to the Sultan of Morocco as to British authorities.

The Sultan said that his subjects in Gibraltar must be treated as well as the British were

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COMMUNITIES treated in Morocco. The British signed a treaty with the Sultan agreeing to his terms. Many Jews returned to Gibraltar as citizens of Morocco.

Those that were here during the first siege by the Spanish in 1727 were of help to the garrison.

This is hardly surprising considering the treatment their ancestors had received at the hands of the Spanish.

In general, the Jews were treated equitably and though there were a number of nationalities living on the Rock everyone managed to live in harmony. Some attribute this to both the severity and even handedness of the military justice.

In 1724 land was granted to Isaack Netto who was given “a piece of waste ground” on which he built the first synagogue. It was seriously damaged in January 1766 when a landslide caved in many adjacent houses and killed 50 people. It was rebuilt in 1768 on a more lavish scale with a new entrance on Engineers Lane.

In 1749 a grant of land, in the name of Mr. Isaac Aboab, was made in order to erect a synagogue. It wasn’t until 1768 that the synagogue opened for service.

There was another small synagogue in Irish Town, “Es Hayim.” It had been a “yeshiba,” an academy, before becoming a place of worship in 1759.

The Spanish attacked again 1779. Many Jews became soldiers and some distinguished themselves. One was Abraham Hassan who was granted a house on Southport Street by General Eliott for his service. The Synagogue was shelled and burned on May 17, 1781.

The Nefusot Yehudah Synagogue was built on Line Wall Road in 1800 from a house owned by Semtob Sequerra. It had to be redone in 1812 when it suffered fire damage. It was known as the “Flemish Synagogue” as many of the people had come from Holland and the synagogue was done in a Flemish style. The Synagogue was again damaged in 1951, along with a great deal of Gibraltar, when an ammunition ship blew up in the harbour.

Abudarham Synagogue was built in Parliament Lane in 1820.

In 1858 the law was changed to allow Jews to swear an oath of allegiance that did not conflict with their faith. From then on Jews have occupied all posts in Gibraltar, including that of Chief Minister.

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COMMUNITIES Ibrahim-Al-Ibrahim Mosque

There are two Jewish cemeteries in Gibraltar. North Gate cemetery is located near the airport. The cemetery on the Nature Reserve Upper Rock, is older and is worth a visit. It is known as the Jew’s Gate Cemetery and it was closed May 6, 1848.

The Moorish Connection When General Franco closed the Gibraltar-Spanish border in 1967 not only was the steady stream of workers which flowed across the border halted but so was the import of food and water.

Gibraltar turned to Morocco for workers and supplies.

A ferry connected Gibraltar with Tangier bringing in fresh vegetables and workers. Atlas Mountain water was brought over on water barges.

In the first year workers numbered 5,000, but now there are about 1,000. Many lived in the old barracks at Grand Battery, the lowest part of the original Moorish northern defence wall.

As well, there is the Ibrahim Al-Ibrahim mosque at Europa Point.

Most of the Moroccans are from Tangier and Tetuan, which was once called Spanish Morocco.

Many of the Moroccans from there speak Spanish, which made them natural recruits for Gibraltar where many residents speak Spanish.

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MILITARY CEREMONIES However, at the time, they Roman Catholic were being persecuted in England.

Community In Gibraltar the Protestant About 80% of Gibraltarians are Roman Catholics and they are served by five parishes, each with their own church. There are chapels at Catalan Bay, St. Bernard’s, Mount Alvernia, and the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe, at Europa Point.

It was in 1462, when Spain expelled the Moors, that Catholicism became permanently established on the Rock. Until 1704 Gibraltar was part of the Diocese of Cadiz. During British rule the Catholic Church formed direct links with Rome, and this relationship remains.

In 1704 the Catholics were, of course, in the majority, in Gibraltar.

Olden days relived

government went to great lengths to protect the Catholics, going so far as to post guards outside the Cathedral. Spanish speaking Catholic priests were brought from Minorca, then a British territory, to run the church.

Today Catholics live in harmony with the Protestants, Jews, Hindus and Muslims with whom they share this territory.

Military Ceremonies The model is a reminder of the tradition began by General Sir George Eliott who was Governor of Gibraltar during the Great Siege. He carried the keys of the Garrison on him at all times and was even said to have slept with them under his pillow.

Since this time successive Governors have kept up the tradition by carrying the keys at all official functions. The only time when the keys were not in the possession of the governor was when they were handed over to the Port Sergeant for the daily ceremonial opening and closing of the gates of Gibraltar. This was a daily task which was carried out

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MILITARY CEREMONIES

Olden days relived by the Garrison until the beginning of the century. This ceremony is now re-enacted only once a year during May. Special ceremonial events are held at regular intervals throughout the year, but the dates are not announced very far in advance for security reasons.

Daily changing of the guard

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Commonwealth Gardens

INFORMATION Rock Hotel Accommodation

Europa Road Tel: (+350) 20073000 E-mail: reservations@rockhotel.gi www.rockhotelgibraltar.com

Bristol Hotel 8/10 Cathedral Square Tel: (+350) 20076800 www.bristolhotel.gi

Sunborn Gibraltar Yacht Hotel 35 Ocean Village Promenade, Tel: (+350) 20016100 info@sunborngibraltar.com

Caleta Hotel Sir Herbert Miles Road Tel: (+350) 20076501 E-mail: reservations@caletahotel.gi www.caletahotel.gi Emile Youth Hostel Tel: (+350) 20051106 Holiday Inn Express 21-23 Devil’s Tower Road Tel: (+350) 20067890 O’Callaghan Eliott Hotel Governor’s Parade Tel: (+350) 20070500 E-mail: eliott.reservations@theeliotthotel.com www.ocallaghanhotels.com

Casino Sunborn On board Sunborn Hotel Ocean Village, Gibraltar, GX11 1AA, +350 20016700 or emailing info@casinosunborn.com Opening hours: Gaming tables 4pm – 4am Slot machines 24 hours (slots open 12pm – 4am during soft opening)

British Airway’s flight arriving at Gibraltar’s airstrip which is on the narrow isthmus connecting the Rock with Spain.

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INFORMATION May 1 (May Day) Airport/Airline Air Terminal Tel: (+350) 20012345 Flight Information Tel: (+350) 8998 British Airways Destinations: London Heathrow (LHR), UK www.ba.com EasyJet Destinations: London Gatwick (LGW), London Luton, Manchester, Bristol. www.easyjet.com Malaga Airport Information Tel: (0034) 95 204 8404 or (0034) 95 204 8484 Royal Air Maroc Casablanca Via Tangier Weekly flights with return 3 days later.

Late May (Spring Bank Holiday) Mid June (Queen’s Birthday) Late August (Bank Holiday) September 10 (National Day) December 25 (Christmas Day) December 26 (Boxing Day.)

Bookmakers Arena betting shops can be located within Casemates Square and Ocean Village

Business Services Fine Design Ltd Tel: (+350) 20076204

Bus Routes

Various new routes have been introduced throughout Gibraltar, Route 5, is the only bus route currently operating from the Frontier to the Market Place. This route will operate from the Bank Holidays Frontier via Market Place to January 1 (New Year’s Day) Reclamation Road and return to Mid March the Frontier via Europort Avenue, Waterport Road and Market Place.

(Commonwealth Day) From the Market Place, March/April April 28 Worker’s Memorial day, additional bus services will cover all held to remember those who were points in Gibraltar except a journey disabled or died in their place of to the frontier so please consult the route maps shown within the bus work (when the date falls on a shelters for the correct Bus No. for weekend The Bank holiday will your destination. become the following Monday).

The Gibraltar Bus Company (Good Friday, Easter Monday) Tel: (+350) 20047622.

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INFORMATION Bus Route No. 10 runs from Coach/Car Parks

the Frontier to Boyd Street and back. (Close to the cable car).

Gibraltar Casino’s If you are feeling lucky or on a lucky streak, why not visit one of Gibraltar’s various Casino’s all of which have a broad range of games, slots and bingo lovely restaurants/bars and personal service. Enjoy and be lucky.

Airport Car Park Tel: (+350) 20073913 Devil’s Tower Road Car Park Tel: (+350) 20049202 Europlaza Car Park Tel: (+350) 20049202 I.C.C. Car Park (Line Wall Road) Tel: (+350) 20074643 Marina Bay Car Park Tel: (+350) 20073300 Ocean Village Car Park entrance near Casemates Waterport fountain Queensway (Reclamation Road) Tel: (+350) 20048632 / 20051694 Rotunda Car Park Tel: (+350) 20073621 Waterport Coach Park Tel: (+350) 20074326

Consular Offices BELGIUM P L Imossi Esq 47 Irish Town Tel: (+350) 20078353 E-mail: pimossi@smith-imossi.gi DENMARK John A Gaggero Esq Cloister Building, Market Lane Tel: (+350) 20076821 E-mail: consul@danconsul.gi

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INFORMATION GREECE J J Imossi Esq Suite 33, Portland House Glacis Road Tel: (+350) 20076651 E-mail: joey.imossi@fiduciarygroup.com FINLAND A J S Capurro Esq 20 Line Wall Road Tel: (+350) 20075149 E-mail: arturo@capurro.gi FRANCE Pierre Fayaud Esq Suite 10.3, 10th Floor, ICC Building Tel: (+350) 20048070 E-mail: france@cbb.gi ICELAND Anne Lundin Tel: (+350) 54342000 E-mail: anne.lundin@danishalteriors.com ISRAEL D Benaim Esq 39 Glacis Road, Marina View PO Box 238 Tel: (+350) 20077735 E-mail: david.benaim@overseas.gi ITALY Maj P H Canessa ED Esq 3/1 Irish Place, PO Box 437 Tel: (+350) 20047096 E-mail: patrick@tslogistics.gi

MALTA Franco Cassar Esq Barclays Bank Tel: (+350) 20052342 E-mail: franco.cassar@barclayswealth.com MORROCCO Visitors to Gibraltar needing a Moroccan Consul have to contact MAIMA in Algeciras.

Tel: (+34) 956 66180 - Mornings Only NETHERLANDS Raacida Amenzou PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd ICC Building Casemates Square Tel: (+350) 20052036 E-mail: consulnetherlands@gibtelecom.net NORWAY P L Savignon Esq MBE Lower Ground Floor, Regal House, Queensway P.O. Box 928 Tel: (+350) 20048352 E-mail: pls@millfield.gi / agalea@millfield.gi POLAND A J P Lombard Esq LLB 35 Governor’s Parade Tel: (+350) 20074593 E-mail: ajplombard@gibtelecom.net

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INFORMATION Driving

SWEDEN J P Gaggero Esq PO Box 212, Cloister Building Tel: (+350) 20072663 E-mail: jpg@gibnet.gi

Driving is on the right. Hire cars are available for trips into Spain, for which you need a valid full licence. Generally, car hire companies expect you to return the car to the point of collection.

SWITZERLAND Yves J. Guisan MD, Msc 11/1 Gardiner’s Road Tel/Fax: (+350) 20041138 Mobile: (+34) 676 338169 E-mail: vesguisan@sapphirenet.gi www.eda.admin.ch

Electricity 240 V, 3 pin plug (as in U.K.)

Emergency

THAILAND Mark J P Porral ESQ 4th Floor, Leon House Tel: (+350) 20072685 E-mail: mark.porral@iss-shipping.com

Emergency Tel: 112 Ambulance Tel: 199 Fire Tel: 190

Currency Gibraltar Government notes are legal tender in Gibraltar, and it is accepted at par with Pounds Sterling. U.K. notes and coins are accepted and circulate freely.

Credit cards and traveller’s cheques are widely accepted.

There is a full range of international banks which are generally open from 9.00am 3.30pm weekdays. There are a number of Bureaux de Change open regular business hours for exchanging money.

Police Tel: 199 Fire Brigade Tel: (+350) 20079507 Police Headquarters Tel: (+350) 20072500 St. Bernard’s Hospital Tel: (+350) 20079700

EU Status Gibraltar entered the EU with the United Kingdom in 1973 and it derives its membership from the U.K. and is not a separate member state. Gibraltar is considered

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INFORMATION outside the customs territory of the EU, but has free movement of capital, services and persons.

The citizens of Gibraltar are British Dependent Territory Citizens, but are considered U.K. nationals for Community purposes with all the rights and entitlements of any EU state.

Facilities for disabled persons TOURIST SITES: • Clear access / • Some difficulty / • Difficult access Upper Rock Nature Reserve attractions • St. Michael’s Cave Entrance accessible, bridge and steps • Apes’ Den Accessible • Great Siege Tunnels Accessible half way, steep hill and set of steps • Moorish Castle Access difficult, steps and narrow corridors.

Whilst steps are being taken to meet the special requirements of some of our visitors, some of Gibraltar’s major attractions face particular difficulties in providing access for those who are in wheelchairs.

However, to compensate in some small measure for this, the Gibraltar Tourist Board has arranged for free access to disabled persons into the Upper Rock.

OTHER ATTRACTIONS: • World War II Rock and Fortress Tunnel Tour : Accessible • Nelson’s Anchorage: Access to exhibition only, steps and narrow corridors leading to gun • Gibraltar Museum: Access to lower floor only • Cable Car: Difficult access, a number of flights of steps • Alameda Botanical Gardens : Accessible • Alameda Wildlife Conservation Park : Partly accessible, some flights of steps • Trafalgar Cemetery: Partly accessible • Gibraltar Arts and Crafts Exhibition : Good access, lifts to upper floor • John Mackintosh Hall ( library & cultural centre ): Good access, lifts to first floor • Shrine of Our Lady of Europe: Good access, ramp at entrance • Flat Bastion Magazine: Partly accessible, narrow corridors.

We hope that the friendliness, helpfulness and attention of local people can go some way towards compensating for any deficiencies in the physical provisions in buildings and amenities some of which are difficult to satisfactorily adapt.

• There is now a useful lift on Queensway at the back of the Commonwealth gardens which will convey tourists and locals alike up to Line Wall Road.

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INFORMATION Golf Courses Internet www.discover.gi (Spain) Alcaidesa Tel: (+34) 956 79 10 40 San Roque Tel: (+34) 956 61 30 30 Valderrama Tel: (+34) 956 79 12 00 Almenara Tel: (+34) 956 79 50 60 Sotogrande Tel: (+34) 956 79 50 14* *wait for tone, then dial 3 La Cañada Tel: (+34) 956 79 41 00 La Duquesa Tel: (+34) 95 289 04 25 Estepona Tel: (+34) 95 211 30 81

Health/Medical Chiropractic Clinic Tel: (+350) 20044226 Crown Pharmacy Tel: (+350) 20078598 Foot Health Clinic Tel: (+350) 20041576

www.finedesignstudio.com www.gibraltar.gi www.gibraltar.gov.uk www.gibmuseum.gi www.gibraltar-stamps.com www.visitgibraltar.gi

Yanito Gibraltar has its own unique vernacular, Yanito, a corruption of English and Andaluz with a smattering of Genoese.

Yanito has its own specific words and even its own dictionary, compiled by Manuel Cavilla OBE. Many of the Yanito words were brought by immigrants who came from many diverse areas of the world. The words worked their way into the language until eventually their origin became obscured.

During the 19th century many Italian words entered the language.

Marinas

College Clinic Tel: (+350) 20077777

Ocean Village Marina / Marina Bay Tel: (+350) 20073300

Louis Pharmacy Tel: (+350) 20044797

Queensway Quay Tel: (+350) 20044700

Passano Opticians Tel: (+350) 20076544

Yacht Terminal (Gib Oil) Tel: (+350) 20048218

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INFORMATION Measuring Up Getting There Gibraltar is 6.8sq km (2.6 sq miles) approx. in total. Much of this is precipitous rock and cliff which measures Approx. 426 metres (1400 feet) in height.The highest point is at O’Hara’s Battery. The Rock can be seen from up to 100 km away, Morocco is Approx. 24 km (15 miles) across the Strait of Gibraltar.

Latitude 36 7’ North, longitude 5 21’ West. Length: Approx. 5 km (3.10 miles).

Circumference Length: Approx. 16 km (10 miles).

Average width: Approx. 1.25 km (1 mile).

The Rock is mainly Jurassic limestone some 200 million years old.

Regular flights from the UK to Gibraltar are operated by Easyjet, British Airways. Flight time is approximately 2.5 hours. The land frontier between Gibraltar and Spain is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week both for vehicles and pedestrians. There is no limit on the number of frontier crossings you can make.

There are also a number of cruise companies which make Gibraltar a regular destination on their itineraries and two marinas provide for private yachts and sailing ships.

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INFORMATION Children 17 years and under Passports, Visas and may import half this allowance.

Vaccinations People under 17 cannot have A full passport is required to visit Spain and North Africa.Visas are not necessary for EC nationals, but citizens of other countries should check with the appropriate authorities.

No vaccinations are required for Gibraltar, Spain or North Africa.

Customs Allowance These are as laid down by H.M. Government and could be subject to change (Please check before passing Customs).

Importation from Gibraltar into Spain. For travellers buying in Gibraltar and intending to import into Spain.

200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250 gms of tobacco.

The purchase of tobacco is limited to a single purchase per month for the above mentioned quantities.

1 litre of spirits or strong liqueurs over 22% volume or 2 litres wine or 48 bottles of beer.

A300 worth of a variety of goods including perfume and toilet water (Singular expensive items may be valued by Spanish Customs at a rate they consider the item should cost).

the tobacco or alcohol allowance.

Goods bought in Gibraltar may only be imported into Spain between 0900 hours and 2100 hours.

The above information is only to be used as a guideline. We strongly recommend that any enquiries regarding importation of goods from Gibraltar into Spain be directed to Spanish Customs at the Frontier. The Gibraltar Tourist Board does not accept responsibility for any changes to the above.

Places of Worship Anglican: Cathedral of Holy Trinity Cathedral Square, Tel: (+350) 20075745 King’s Chapel 302 Main Street Tel: (+350) 20055414 Bethel Christian Fellowship 95 Main Street, Tel: (+350) 20052002 Church of Scotland: St. Andrew’s Governor’s Parade, Tel: (+350) 20043351

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INFORMATION Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints 2nd Floor, Don House, 30-38 Main Street, Tel: (+350) 20050433 Evangelical Church of Gibraltar: Ragged Staff Gates, Tel: (+350) 20078656

St Paul’s Parish Church Varyl Begg Estate, Tel: (+350) 20077135 St Theresa’s Parish Church 30b Devil’s Tower Road, Tel: (+350) 20077138

Hindu Temple Engineer Lane, Tel: (+350) 20042515

Synagogues: Shaar Hashamayim Synagogue 47 Engineer Lane, Tel: (+350) 20078069, Enquiries Tel: (+350) 20074030

Methodist: Wesley House, 296 Main Street, Tel: (+350) 20040870

Nefusot Yehuda Synagogue Line Wall Road, Tel: (+350) 20076477

New Apostolic Church: 14 Victoria House, 26 Main Street, Tel: (+350) 20079305

Etz Hayim Synagogue Irish Town

Roman Catholic: Cathedral of St Mary 215 Main Street, Tel: (+350) 20076688

Police Force

Our Lady of Sorrows 32 Catalan Bay, Tel: (+350) 20073474 Shrine of Our Lady of Europe Europa Point, Tel: (+350) 20071230 St Bernard’s Parish Church Europa Road, Tel: (+350) 20043949 St Joseph’s Parish Church 28 Witham’s Road, Tel: (+350) 20075682

Abudarham Synagogue 20 Parliament Lane, Tel: (+350) 20040223

The Royal Gibraltar Police Force is the second oldest British Police force in the world. Sir Robert Peel formed the Metropolitan Police in 1829, just nine months before the Gibraltar Police became operational and officers from the Met were sent here to assist in the formation.

The Force operated in conjunction with military authorities until 1871 when it assumed a more dominant role, but

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INFORMATION there has always been great cooperation between the two.

In 1876 whistles were issued as part of the uniform and eight years later long night sticks were replaced by truncheons. In 1992 the Queen conferred a great honour on the Force by bestowing the “Royal” prefix.

Rates: Postcard or letter: 22p Gibraltar (under 50g); 64p Europe (under 20g); 70p all other countries (under 10g). Surface mail (under 20g): all countries 80p.

Hours: Mid-September to midJune 9.00am - 4.30pm Mon-Fri, 10.00am - 1.00pm Sat; Mid-June to mid-September 8.45am 2.15pm Mon-Fri, 10.00am 1.00pm Sat.

Printers Fine Design Ltd provide a complete service in graphic design, advertising and quality bespoke printing.

Fine Design Ltd Tel: (+350) 20076204 Email: info@finedesignstudio.com www.finedesignstudio.com

Public Library

Post Office General Post Office: 104 Main Street, Tel: (+350) 20075624 Philatelic Bureau: Tel: (+350) 20075662

John Mackintosh Public Library: 308 Main Street.

Open: Monday - Friday 9:30am - 7:30pm.

Tel: (+350) 20078000

Sports Football, cricket, athletics, grass hockey, basketball, volleyball, netball, badminton, 5-a-side football, martial arts, gymnastics

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INFORMATION and squash facilities are available at Victoria Stadium Sports Centre.

Ice Skating an 10 Pin Bowling facilities are available at King’s Bastion Leisure Centre.

Tattoo Artists Ritual Tattoo Tel: (+350) 20072227

Taxi There are eight taxi stands in Gibraltar: at the Frontier, Casemates, Piazza (town centre), Cathedral of St Mary (Main Street),Trafalgar Cemetery and the Cruise Terminal. Tel: (+350) 20070027 (24 hours).

Telephones Operator Assistance Tel: (+350) 100 International Operator Tel: (+350) 100 Local Directory Enquiries Tel: (+350) 11811 International Directory Enquiries Tel: (+350) 11888 Maritime calls Tel: (+350) 100 Calling Spain: dial direct.

Mobile numbers: dial 00+34+mobile number.

Calling Abroad: dial 00 + country code + area code (U.K. - drop first 0 in area code) + local number.

Country codes: Australia 61, Belgium 32, Canada 1, Denmark 45, Finland 358, France 33, Germany 49, Italy 39, Morocco 212, Netherlands 31, Norway 47, Portugal 351, Sweden 46, U.K. 44, U.S.A. 1. Other codes available in front of phone book.

Mobile phones: dial 00+ country code + mobile number (U.K. - drop first 0 in area code) Calling Gibraltar from Spain: Dial 00350 + local number.

Calling Gibraltar from Abroad: dial international code 00350 + local number.

Calling U.K. direct: dial 8400 for a free call to a BT operator.This can be used to make collect, credit card and third party billing calls.

Calling U.S.A. direct: dial 8800 for a free call to an AT&T operator.This can be used to make collect, credit card and third party billing calls or to access 800 numbers in the United States. (An AT&T charge applies to these calls.)

Phone cards: Collectable GNC phone cards are available from GNC Customer Services at John Mackintosh Square, the Gibraltar

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www.gibtele.com

INFORMATION Philatelic Bureau at the Post office and other sales outlets in Gibraltar.

Note: GSM phones can be used in Gibraltar.

Tourist Info

Cruise Terminal North Mole, Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20047671, Fax: (+350) 20047672 Opening Hours:

Gibraltar Museum Tel: (+350) 20074289

When vessel is in port, see monthly schedule.

Gibraltar Tourist Information Office: Casemates Office Watergate House, Casemates Square, Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20074982 / (+350) 20045000 E-mail: information@tourism.gov.gi Opening Hours: Monday to Friday 9:00am - 5:30pm Saturday 10:00am - 3:00pm Sunday 10:00am - 1:00pm

Airport Arrivals Hall Gibraltar Airport, Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20047227 Opening Hours:

Frontier Office Customs Building,Winston Churchill Avenue, Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20050762 Opening Hours: Monday to Friday 9:00am - 4:30pm Saturday & Sunday Closed Coach Terminus Naval Ground, Reclamation Road, Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20047602 Opening Hours: Monday to Thursday 9:00am - 3:30pm Friday 9:00am - 3:00pm Saturday 10:00am - 1:00pm Sunday Closed

As per daytime flight, see daily schedule for flight arrivals times (weekdays only).

Tourist Board Tel: (+350) 20074950 Weather Info Tel: (+350) 20053416 Speaking Clock Tel: (+350) 150

Useful Numbers Senior Port Officer Tel: (+350) 20077044 Chamber of Commerce Tel: (+350) 20078376 Clamp Removal Tel: (+350) 20076999 or Tel: (+350) 20076312 or (after hours) Tel: (+350) 58857000 Customs Enquiries Tel: (+350) 20078879

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INFORMATION Financial Services Commission Tel: (+350) 20040283

month with the most rain and on average there is about 143 mm (5.6 inches of rain), but this can vary greatly. Some years there has been no rain in December and some years there has been up to 556 mm (21.9 inches).

Frontier Queue Information Outbound Tel: (+350) 20042777 Inbound Tel: (+350) 8987 H.M. Forces Tel. Info Tel: (+350) 20053666 Immigration Office Tel: (+350) 20051725 Health Centre Tel: (+350) 20072355 Passport Office Tel: (+350) 20051725 Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages Tel: (+350) 20051725 Yacht Registry Tel: (+350) 20078343

Weather Two major winds influence the weather in Gibraltar - the Levanter from the east and the Poniente from the west.

In the summer, the Levanter brings warm and humid conditions and there is often a persistent cloud which overhangs the top of the Rock. The Poniente, however, brings hot, clear and dry weather.

Winter in Gibraltar is its rainy season. December is normally the

Weather Forecasts and Information The Met Office at RAF Gibraltar can be relied upon to give accurate weather forecasts for sailors and for travellers.You can receive daily weather reports from the Met Officer on BFBS 1 radio (93.5, 97.8 FM) Monday-Friday 10.05am and 4.05pm, Saturday and Sunday at 12.02pm and 5.02pm.

As well, BFBS 1 broadcasts daily weather information at varied times throughout the day, on local shows.

Radio Gibraltar (GBC) at 1458kHz has weather reports Monday to Friday at 7.30am, 8.30am, 12.30am, 13.06pm, 14.00pm, 16.01pm, 17.30pm and 18.30pm; Saturday and Sunday 08.30am.

Median Monthly Temperatures January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14°C February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14°C March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15°C April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16°C May. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19°C June. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21°C

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INFORMATION July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29°C August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30°C September . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28°C October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20°C November . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17°C December . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14°C

married in Gibraltar?

• your birth certificate.

• your passport.

• your “Certificate of No Impediment” • and a copy of your divorce decree absolute, if you’ve been married before.

Weddings Those interested in a Gibraltar Gibraltar is a popular wedding should contact the destination for weddings.

Marriages held in the registry CIVIL STATUS & office may only take place on REGISTRATION OFFICE, weekdays between 10.00 and Joshua Hassan House, 12.00 hours excluding public Secretary’s Lane, holidays. However, some flexibility Tel: (+350) 20072289 may be exercised, where possible, Fax: (+350) 20042706 to accommodate weddings at 9.30 E-mail: and 12.30 hours, particularly marriages.csro@gibraltar.gov.gi www.gibraltar.gov.gi/about_gib/ during the summer months.

No marriages will be held wed_registry.htm during the period between 21st December and 3rd January inclusive. Wifi Marriage ceremonies held Nearly all bars & restaurants will outside the Registry must comply have access to wifi. with any conditions imposed by the Registrar.

Gibraltar has many florists and jewellers, a party planning service, and restaurants which will cater for receptions. As well, some of Gibraltar’s hotels will help plan your wedding, give guests a place to stay, cater for the reception, and are, of course, the perfect spot to honeymoon!

What Is required to get

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INFORMATION

John Lennon and Yoko Ono

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FINANCE Banking Gibraltar offers many well known international names providing the full service expected in modern banking. The industry is well established with total assets at 31 March 2008 in the region of Sterling £11 billion.

As a location Gibraltar has advantages for bankers and clients which include: banking confidentiality, sterling as well as other currencies, no exchange control, English language and European time zone.

The standards of supervision and regulation match those of the UK and are under the Financial Services Commission controlled by a Commissioner of Banking.

of a Deposit Guarantee Scheme (in compliance with EU Deposit Guarantee Directive) and an Investor Compensation Scheme (in compliance with EU Directive on Investor Compensation Schemes).

Investments Subject to compliance with the Financial Services Act a range of opportunities exist for Unit Trusts, Experienced Investor Funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles to be controlled from Gibraltar. Some of the obvious benefits for such controlled operations include, no capital gains tax, no profits tax (in certain conditions), no withholding taxes and minimum stamp duty requirements. Gibraltar has investor protection in the form

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Europort

FINANCE The Shipping Business With its strong naval associations over the centuries Gibraltar offers considerable shipping expertise.Over 8,000 ships totalling more than 200 million tonnes make use of Gibraltar’s port and harbour facilities every year.

Gibraltar is ideally located to serve the requirements of all merchant and cruise ships, without costly deviation or off-hire, as they pass through the Straits of Gibraltar.

Efficient pilot assistance, facilities for the maintenance and repair of communications and navigational equipment, the provision of bunkering and victualling requirements enables Gibraltar to provide a comprehensive marine service to all types of vessels.

Gibraltar is a highly competitive supply point in this region and supplies over 1 million tonnes of fuel to over 1,800 ships a year.

Gibraltar registered ships are deemed British and may fly the Red Ensign. The Registry also offers ship owners nationality requirements for Commonwealth

countries as well as beneficial ownership in law and the advantage of asset protection through a Gibraltar “exempt” company.

Gibraltar has been undertaking major shipping repairs for nearly 100 years. Since 1985 the dockyard has operated commercially, servicing all types of vessels. Facilities include three dry docks able to handle vessels up to 90,000 tons dead weight.

There are three custom built marinas providing complete berthing facilities for yachts. Over 4,500 yachts visit Gibraltar yearly.

There is a wide range of professional specialist firms, some established for well over 100 years, offering stevedore, harbour launch and lighter services.

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FINANCE Gibraltar as a Port particularly from the point of view of security and reliability. Vessels of Authority registered in Gibraltar are Gibraltar is situated at the entrance to the Mediterranean and is the gateway into Africa and Europe. The facilities provided by its local marinas means that it is ideally placed to service all registration, mooring, and maintenance needs.

Any foreign national, through a Gibraltar company, can own and register a vessel on the British Register of shipping.

registered on the British flag.

International conventions and agreements regarding shipping and safety, ratified by the United Kingdom, apply to Gibraltar.

• The vessel will fly the British Red Ensign (bearing the armorial coat of arms of Gibraltar) and enjoy the international recognition, protection and unrivalled prestige that comes with it.

• The ability to seek assistance from any of the British The Gibraltar Yacht embassies and consulates Registry worldwide where the vessel The Gibraltar Yacht Registry is may be situated and the an internationally recognised, protection of the Royal Navy. high-quality and modern registry. • Legal title of vessel ownership on It is an ideal choice for pleasure registration of transfer of craft owners wanting confidence ownership is a straightforward in belonging to a British registry process. and the flying the Red Ensign.

• All vital details concerning the The Gibraltar yacht registry is vessel is contained in the a fully fledged British category register, and in the certificate of one Red Ensign register with the British registry ("blue book "). same status as any other British • The register provides security as register. to title because it is a public record, open to inspection by interested parties such as buyers Advantages as a or potential lenders.

Port of Registry • The register enables the owner to There are many advantages to dispose of the vessel easily in a registering a vessel in Gibraltar, cost effective and timely manner.

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•

FINANCE No vessel will be de-registered Working with without the mortgage first being discharged or the Europa Marine mortgagee’s consent.

Consultants Ltd.

Fiscal Advantages Gibraltar has a unique position and registration of a vessel in Gibraltar provides access to benefits such as exemption from Value Added Tax (VAT). As a British overseas territory within Europe. It does not form part of the EU’s Common Customs Union.This means that Gibraltar is outside the Value Added Tax zone and has no VAT system. When you register a vessel in Gibraltar the favourable tax regime means you pay no: 1. VAT in Gibraltar 2. No import duty (provided the vessel is not permanently based in Gibraltar) 3. No tax on the sale of the vessel.

Where vessel is registered in the name of a Gibraltar company, the earnings of that company are not liable to tax (provided they were accrued or derived outside Gibraltar).

Europa Marine Consultants Ltd is part of the Europa Group.

We have been based in Gibraltar since 1987 and have built a reputation as a stable and reputable business.

We provide a comprehensive range of marine and crew services including registration of vessels worldwide, purchase and sale contracts, operating permits, crew licenses and payment set-ups, international structures for your vessel, registration of vessels under the British flag in Gibraltar or virtually any worldwide port of registry, procurement of marine insurance, radio licensing as accounting authority and other associated services.

Taxation Gibraltar is within close proximity to Africa. It is a low tax jurisdiction and is VAT free. It has no capital gains, estate duty, wealth, inheritance, gift or other capital taxes. There is an international airport; excellent road and sea links into Europe and Africa.

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FINANCE It is a popular financial destination for an eclectic mix of international executives, authors, sportsmen, corporations, individuals, families and many others, who want to achieve their financial and business objectives.

They understand the importance of tax and succession planning and protecting their assets from unexpected events.

The jurisdiction has established itself as a prosperous financial centre over the last 40 years. Benefiting from a stable and growing economy and a favourable tax regime, its political stability, robust commercial and professional infrastructure contribute to its attractiveness as a financial jurisdiction.

Gibraltar’s client demographic covers all four corners of the globe and their business and investment interests are likewise spread across the globe, managed from Gibraltar.

The jurisdiction is able to offer bespoke company and fiduciary services at competitive professional rates.

Gibraltar’s fiduciary companies can deliver and manage simple or complex corporate and trust structures, on a daily basis, in virtually any jurisdiction.

Advantages of a Gibraltar Company • No tax on profits; A Gibraltar company conducting profitmaking activity outside of Gibraltar will not suffer tax on its profits.

• Low tax-rate of 10%. Only profits accrued in or derived from Gibraltar will attract corporate tax.

• There is no Value Added Tax (VAT) in Gibraltar; therefore VAT is not an issue from a Gibraltar tax perspective.

• There is no capital gains tax, wealth tax or estate duty in Gibraltar.

• 0% import and export duties on the sale of all forms of art.

• Gibraltar has implemented the EU directive on administrative cooperation on tax matters with all 28 member states.

• The legal system in Gibraltar is based on English Common Law with some local statute law variations.

• Stable financial centre. Gibraltar has a stable Government and has in place Banking, Insurance and Companies Acts as well as a Financial Services Act. • Gibraltar has been listed as a "White" territory by the OECD since 2009.

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FINANCE • Gibraltar has signed the equivalent of 135 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) with over 80 jurisdictions around the world, removing any “taxhaven” stigma.

• Excellent regulation of company managers. Trust and Company Managers must be authorised and are regulated by a supportive Financial Services Commission.

• Quick company incorporations.

Companies can be incorporated within a matter of a few days.

• Easy company administration.

Documents can be prepared, notarised and legalised within Gibraltar itself.

• Low cost. All business costs are extremely competitive when compared with other Jurisdictions.

• Shareholders may be individuals or corporate entities. Gibraltar companies are flexible to your needs.

• Company structures can be private. A Gibraltar company may dispense with the requirement of Annual General Meetings of shareholders.

• Stable currencies. The currency is the Pound Sterling and Euros are widely used.

• Company officers need not be resident in Gibraltar.

• Secure and reliable communications and travel.

Gibraltar has satellite based digital telecommunications systems, efficient postal service and daily scheduled airline services.

Gibraltar as a conference centre Gibraltar is rapidly growing in the conference business and offers unique opportunities for incentive and in house arrangements. The facilities available are such that Gibraltar can cope with up to 400 delegates but the more usual numbers after considering flights etc are in the region of 40 to 100.

Apart from the state of the art facilities available Gibraltar can provide spouse and delegate social programmes that cannot be matched in other territories. For example, visits to two continents and three countries in one day, historical tours showing 300 years of British control and a chance to see the dolphins in their own environment, just to mention a few. Contact the Gibraltar Federation of Small Businesses. Tel: (+350) 20047722 Fax: (+350) 20047733.

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www.europa.gi

MEDICAL

St Bernard’s Hospital When General Sir George Don arrived in Gibraltar to take up his role as Governor in 1814 he found a population of some 10,000 souls living in appalling conditions with the Fever rampant through the colony. Following a wide-ranging

enquiry in 1815 he set about major improvements in sanitation, drainage, water supply and the installation of general civic pride among the inhabitants of the day.

Don’s work of reconstruction was exemplified by the conversion of the Blue Barracks site above the City into a hospital, that was later called the Colonial Hospital until it was renamed St. Bernard’s in the late 19th century.

In late February 2005 the hospital opened in Blocks 1-4 Europort with some 210 beds covering orthopaedic, trauma, maternity, surgical, medical and paediatric wards; • two main operating theatres and an emergency back up theatre; • a hydrotherapy pool with a full rehabilitation clinic; • a day surgery unit and cardiac rehabilitation facility; • an accident and emergency department, with provision for major and minor problems; • out-patient suites and ophthalmic clinics.

Visiting hours are General Wards 5:45pm until 7:45pm daily including weekends I.T.U. 7:00am. until 7:00pm.

Rainbow (Childrens Ward) 11:00am until 7:45pm. Maternity Wards will continue to have

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special visiting hours. If in doubt call the Help Centre on Tel: (+350) 20079700.

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NATURE RESERVE Upper Rock Summer Hours Daily 9:30am - 7:15pm Last entry 6:45pm Winter Hours Daily 9:00am - 6:15pm Last entry 5:45pm Admission Adults £10.00 Children ages 5-12 years £5.00 Vehicles £2:00 Pedestrians excluding attractions 50p Admission Includes: St. Michael’s Cave, Apes’ Den, Great Siege Tunnels, Moorish Castle, City Under Siege Exhibition, Military Heritage Centre & 100 Ton Gun.

NELSON’S ANCHORAGE (100 TON GUN) Rosia Road Summer Hours Daily 9:30am - 6:45pm

Last entry 6:15pm Winter Hours Daily 9:00am - 6:15pm Last entry 5:45pm Admission Adults £1.00 Children ages 5-12 years £1.00 Free of charge with Nature Reserve ticket. Tickets for the Nature Reserve can also be bought at this attraction.

WWII TUNNELS ROCK & FORTRESS Hay’s Level, Upper Rock Mon - Fri 10:00am - 5:00pm Last Tour 4:00pm Admission Adults £8.00 Children 12 years and under Free Entry into this attraction will only be permitted if holding the Nature Reserve entrance ticket.

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O’HARA’S BATTERY, UPPER ROCK Mon - Fri 10:00am - 5:00pm Admission Adults £3.50 Children 12 years and under Free Entry into this attraction will only be permitted if holding the Nature Reserve entracte ticket.

CABLE CAR Grand Parade Mon - Sun 9:30am - 7:15pm Admission Adults £12.00 Children age 4-12 years £5.00 OAP, student & group rates also available.

During the summer months the cable car does not stop at the middle station.

GIBRALTAR GARRISON LIBRARY Library Gardens, Governor’s Parade Mon - Fri 9:00am - 5:00pm Donations are very welcome.

Weekly tours conducted on Friday at 11.00am.

Reference library founded in 1793, houses a remarkable collection of works on Gibraltar.

FINE ARTS GALLERY Casemates Square Mon - Fri 10:00am - 2:00pm.

3:00pm-6:00pm Admission Free Art gallery exhibiting works by local and guest artists.

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ALAMEDA BOTANIC GARDENS Grand Parade Daily 8:00am - Sunset Admission Free A variety of local and imported plants, open air theatre and child’s playground.

GIBRALTAR MUSEUM Bomb House Lane Mon - Fri 10:00am - 6:00pm Sat 10:00am - 2:00pm Admission Adults £5.00 Children under 12 years £2.50 Under 5 years entrance is free.

Displays local artifacts.

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PARK Alameda Botanical Gardens Daily 10:00am - 4:30pm Admission Adults £5.00 Children under 12 years £2.50 A mini zoo housing confiscated animals and unwanted pets.

TRAFALGAR CEMETERY Trafalgar Road Daily 8:30am - Sunset Admission Free A historical cemetery with graves of two men killed in the famous battle.

SHRINE OF OUR LADY OF EUROPE Europa Road Mon & Fri 10:00am - 1:00pm Tues - Thur 10:00am - 1:00pm 2:30pm - 6:00pm Saturday 11:00am - 1:00pm Sunday & Public Holidays Closed.

Wednesday mass at 7:00pm, Saturdays mass as 12:00 midday.

Admission Free.

Museum within premises.

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FLAT BASTION MAGAZINE Flat Bastion Road Prior arrangement only Admission Free T: 20044460 Mr Gomez T: 20043910 Mr. Hodkinson Geological Research station and lithology of Gibraltar.

TRAFALGAR CEMETERY Trafalgar Road Daily 8:30am - Sunset Admission Free A historical cemetery with graves of two men killed in the famous battle.

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INDEX 100 Ton Gun . . . . . . . . 16 Accommodation . . . . . . . 78 Airline / Airport . . . . . . . 79 Alameda Gardens . . . . . . 43 American War Memorial . . 7 Apes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Aqueduct . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Bank Holidays. . . . . . . . . 79 Banking . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Bar / Restaurants . . . . . . 62 Beaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Black Watch Memorial . . . 7 Bomb Proof Battery . . . . . 34 Bookmakers . . . . . . . . . . 79 British possession . . . . . . 69 Business Services . . . . . . . 79 Bus Routes . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Bus Tours . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cable Car . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Car Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Casemates Gates . . . . . . . 32 Casino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Catalan Bay. . . . . . . . . . . 55 Cathedral of Holy Trinity. . 38 Cathedral of St Mary. . . . 37 Caves and Tunnels . . . . . . 40 Ceremony of the Keys. . . 75 Changing of the Guard . 28, 75 Charles V Wall . . . . . . . . . 32 Church of Scotland . . . . . 38 Churches . . . . . . . . . 37, 86 City Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Coach Parks . . . . . . . . . . 80 Coat of Arms . . . . . . . . . 68 Coins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Commonwealth War Graves . . 8 Communities, Multicultural . 70 Conference Centre . . . . . 100 Consular Offices . . . . . . . 80 Convent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Couverport Battery . . . . . 34 Currency . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Customs Allowances . . . . . 86 Devil’s Tongue. . . . . . . . . 32 Devil’s Tower. . . . . . . . . . 32

Disabled Facilities . . . . . 83 Diving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Do-it-yourself tour . . . . . 46 Dolphin Watching . . . . . . 45 Driving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Eastern Beach . . . . . . . . . 56 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Eliott’s Monument . . . . . 8 Emergency Numbers. . . . 82 Europa Point Lighthouse . . 5 EU status . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Evacuees Memorial . . . . 26 Financial Services . . . . . 95 Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Flora and Fauna . . . . . . . 43 Fortifications . . . . . . . . . . 32 Garrison Library . . . . . . . 28 Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 General Information . . . . 78 Gibraltar, a City Under Siege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Gibraltar Botanic Gardens . 43 Gibraltar National Museum . 10 Gibraltar War Memorial. . 35 Golf Courses (Spain) . . . . 84 Gorham’s Cave . . . . . . .. 14, 40 Grand Battery . . . . . . . . . 32 Great Siege Tunnels . . . . . 40 Great Synagogue . . . . . . . 6 Harley Street Tunnel . . . . 42 Health/Medical. . . . . . . . 102 Hesse’s Demi Bastion . . . 34 Hindu Community . . . . . 70 Historic Buildings and Fortifications . . . . . . . . 32 Historical Walking Tour . . 46 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Hotels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Ibrahim Al-Ibrahim Mosque . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Information . . . . . . . . . . 78 Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Investing . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

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Jewish Community . . . . . 72 John Mackintosh Hall . . . 30 John Mackintosh Library . 88 Jumper’s Bastion . . . . . . . 33 King’s Lines Battery . . . . 35 King’s Bastion . . . . . . . . . 33 King’s Chapel . . . . . . . . . 39 Koehler Gun. . . . . . . . . . 6 Landport Gate. . . . . . . . . 34 Landport Tunnel . . . . . . . 42 Law Courts. . . . . . . . . . . 31 Line Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Llanito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Lower St Michael’s Cave Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Main Guard . . . . . . . . . . 31 Maps . . . . . . . . . . See Back Marina Bay. . . . . . . . . . . 60 Marinas . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 84 Measurements . . . . . . . . . 85 Medical Services . . . . . . 102 Mediterranean Steps . . . . 6 Military Ceremonies . . . . 75 Military Heritage Centre . 7 Mons Calpe . . . . . . . . . . 67 Montagu Counterguard. . 32 Monuments . . . . . . . . . . 7 Moorish Baths . . . . . . . . 12 Moorish Castle . . . . . . . . 14 Moorish Dominion. . . . . 68 Moroccan Community . . 74 Mosque . . . . . . . . . . 26 National Holidays . . . . . . 79 Neanderthal Man . . . . . . 66 Nelson’s Anchorage . . . . . 16 Nelson Statue . . . . . . . . . 9 O’ Hara’s Tower . . . . . . . 35 O’ Hara’s Battery . . . . . . 35 Ocean Village Marina . . . 58

INDEX Opening hours & prices . 104 Our Lady of Sorrows . . . 55 Parson’s Lodge . . . . . . . . 26 Parliament House . . . . . . 29 Passports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Places of Worship . . . . . . 86 Police Force . . . . . . . . . . 87 Polish Memorial . . . . . . . 26 Postage Stamps . . . . . . . . 66 Post Office . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Prince Edward’s Gate . . . 35 Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Public Library . . . . . . . . . 88 Queensway Quay Marina . 58 Queen Victoria Memorial . . 8 Ragged Staff Gate . . . . . . 35 Referendum Gate . . . . . . 36 Restaurants / Bars . . . . . . . 62 Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Rock Gun Battery . . . . . 36 Roman Catholic Community . . . . . . . . . . 75

Rooke Statue . . . . . . . . . 9 Sandy Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . 56 St Michael’s Cave. . . . 17, 50 Sailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Shipping Business . . . . . 96 Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Shrine of Our Lady of Europe. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Sightseeing . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Sikorski Propeller . . . . . . 9 Southport Gates . . . . . . . 36 Spanish Dominion . . . . . 68 Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Stamps . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Synagogues . . . . . . . . 6, 87 Tattoo Artists . . . . . . . . . 89 Tax Haven . . . . . . . . . . 98 Taxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Taxi Tours. . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Telephone Assistance . . . . 89 Telephoning to/from abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Cable Car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dew Aesthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E Bike Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Europa Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gibtelecom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gibraltar Taxi Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hall of Fame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

La Sala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Photography & Art Direction . . . . . . . . . . .

Queensway Quay Marina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Temples . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Tourist Information. . . . . 91 Tours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Trafalgar Cemetery . . . . . 19 Tunnel to Dockyard . . . . 42 Tunnel Tours . . . . . . . . . 49, 53 Tunnels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Upper Rock Nature Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Useful Telephone Numbers . . . . . . . . . . 89 Vaccinations . . . . . . . . . 86 Visas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Weddings . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Wellington Front. . . . . . . 36 Wellington’s Monument . 9 Windsor Bridge . . . . . . . . . 25 Wifi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 World War II. . . . . . . . . . 49

22 54 Back Cover 59, 101 90 52 Inside Cover 111 53 61

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Copyright © 2020 Discover Pocket Guide to Gibraltar Tel: (+350) 20076204 E-mail: info@discover.gi www.discover.gi ISBN: 978-1-919671-02-4

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16th Edition

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or All rights reserved. No part of this book may be means, electronic

transmitted in any form or by any or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

Every effort has been made to make sure the information contained in

this guide is accurate.

We would like to thank the people of Gibraltar for their helpful suggestions and comments, and special thanks to the Gibraltar Tourist Board for their continued support and photographs, and to John J. Wood for photographs and Haresh Budhrani for his article on the Hindus in Gibraltar.

Prices were correct at time of publication but are, of course, subject to change

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