Health&Wellness January 2016 by Rockpoint Publishing

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Vol. 13 • Issue 5 • January 2016

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From the Editor

STAFF WRITERS: Sarah Brokamp Angela S. Hoover Jean Jeffers Dr. Tom Miller

Charles Sebastian Harleena Singh Regina Walker TaNiqua Ward, M.S.

COLUMNISTS/GUESTS: Dr. John E. Reesor Family Practice Associates of Lexington, P.S.C. Tara Bissell, M.Ac., Dipl.Ac., L.Ac. Artemesia John A. Patterson MD, MSPH, FAAFP Mind Body Studio

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EDITOR@HEALTHANDWELLNESSMAGAZINE.NET Tanya Tyler Editor, Health&Wellness Magazine Dear Friends, Happy new year from all of us at Health and Wellness magazine! A new year is always an exciting blank slate on which to create a better life. What are some of your resolutions? To eat healthier? To exercise more? To reduce stress in your life? This month’s magazine is full of interesting articles that

will help you understand mental health concerns, from obsessivecompulsive disorder to narcissism. You’ll also learn more about stress and how to manage it. In this issue, we’re also starting a new column called Parenting for Wellness, with ideas and insights for raising healthy, happy children. Mental health is just as important as bodily health; in fact, they often go hand in hand. It is appropriate for us to start 2016 with an issue that looks into our heads, because we

strive to give you vital information to promote the health and wellness of your entire person, from head to toe. We thank you for your faithful readership and we hope you learn something new with every issue.

Tanya J. Tyler Here’s to your good health,

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Coping When a Loved One Has a Serious Mental Illness Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Manifested by Repetitive Behaviors Learning the Signs and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

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holism. Do not chide him about it or hide his drinks – suggest a little and leave it alone. Even decisions such as taking timely medications need to be left to the patient. Set up a system, such as having a chart with their dosage schedule or a pillbox for their medication.

Coping When a Loved One Has a Serious Mental Illness Education, support are important for facilitating a loved one’s recovery By Harleena Singh, Staff Writer It is difficult to cope when a loved one has been diagnosed with a serious mental illness. The whole family may be affected by the diagnosis. There is emotional upheaval and unrest. After the diagnosis, it is normal to feel a range of powerful and often unpleasant emotions. Usually one tends to feel ashamed of or hurt or embarrassed by a family member whose behavior can be tough to understand and deal with. Some people even feel angry at the circumstances or the person with the mental illness. Though it is illogical, parents often engage in some degree of self-blame, guilt and grief. Loved ones play a major part in helping a person’s recovery; their care and emotional support are essential. But when a loved one experiences a mental illness, caring and support can take a lot of your time and energy. Here are some tips: 1. Educate yourself about the illness. Education works. When families receive education and get involved in the treatment process, patients experience fewer symptoms, relapses and hospitalization days. In addition, the family environment only gets better. Even turning to reputable publica-

tions such as books or magazines is an excellent coping strategy. 2. Work closely with your loved one’s treatment team. Let your loved one’s social worker and doctors know you’d like to be part of the treatment team. Just offering to help can make a huge difference for the patient. 3. Seek support. Often stigma prevents families from seeking support, though this is an important way to gain more strength and knowledge. Support groups can share ideas and normalize a family’s experience about managing a loved one’s mental illness. 4. Set realistic expectations. Your expectations may affect your loved one’s recovery. For example, after spending several weeks in the hospital, when your loved one is released, the family may assume everything is well and the illness is cured. However, it is best to have lower expectations and encourage the patient to go at a slower pace so he or she can avoid having a relapse. 5. Encourage your loved one to talk to you and to his or her mental health professional. You need to start dialogues – not

debates – with your loved one. Listen to him or her without trying to change him or her or his or her mind. If the patient complains about adverse side effects from a medication, ask him to write it down and talk to his doctor. Let your loved one know she should actively participate in her treatment. 6. Allow your loved one to have control. Often people with mental illness feel they have lost control of their lives or suffer from low self-esteem and feel stigmatized. You need to treat your loved one with respect. Perhaps your loved one struggles with alco-

7. Set appropriate limits. Setting limits is essential in some cases. For example, if your loved one has bipolar and refuses to take medication, things can get out of control. You should not allow the patient to make choices that can harm him or others. Additionally, you need to help yourself by accepting the situation and staying calm. Your actions can influence your loved one and impact his or her symptoms. Be patient and understanding, convey hope and be there for the patient. About the Author Harleena Singh is a professional freelance writer and blogger who has a keen interest in health and wellness. She can be approached through her blog and website. Connect with her on Twitter, Facebook, and Google+.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Manifested by Repetitive Behaviors Symptoms worsen during times of stress By Dr. Tom Miller, Staff Writer Perhaps you have noticed a family member or friend showing an unusual pattern of behavior, marked by counting cracks in the sidewalk, saving old newspapers stacked in meaningless piles or checking locks over and over before leaving their home. You realize the person has an unusual attachment to these behaviors. They might be suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Mayo Clinic (www.mayoclinic.org) provides an excellent resource to learn more about this condition. The clinic says OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by unreasonable, repeated, persistent and unwanted ideas, thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead a person to do repetitive behaviors (compulsions). A person with OCD may realize these obsessions aren’t reasonable and may try to ignore or stop them, but that only increases the person’s distress and anxiety. Ultimately, someone with OCD feels driven to perform compulsive acts in an effort to ease those stressful feelings. Some of the signs and symptoms of OCD begin gradually and tend to

vary in severity throughout one’s life. Symptoms generally worsen during times when the person is experiencing more stress. In an effort to control thoughts and behaviors, a person with OCD may make up rules or ritu-

doubts. Compulsive signs and symptoms may include washing and cleaning more than usual, repetitive and excessive counting, exaggerated task repetition and focus on orderliness. What causes OCD isn’t fully understood. Some hypotheses say it may be a result of changes in brain chemistry or a genetic predisposition, or it may be related to habits that have been learned over time. Another theory suggests insufficient levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin might contribute to OCD. Family history may reveal other family members have symptoms consistent with OCD. A stressful transition across the life span can lead to or trigger obsessive-compulsive tendencies (Miller 1989, 2010). The person with these characteristics tends to react strongly to stress, which may trigger the intrusive thoughts, rituals and emotional distress characteristic of OCD. OCD often centers around themes cherished by the person who exhibits these symptoms. They show

OCD can be so severe at times that it becomes disabling. als to follow that help control the anxiety they feel when having obsessive thoughts. The repetitive behaviors are meant to prevent or reduce the anxiety related to one’s obsessions. For instance, if a person with OCD believes he hit someone with his car, he may return to the scene over and over because he just can’t shake his

obsessions such as a fear of becoming contaminated by germs. To ease this fear, the person often compulsively wash their hands until they’re sore and chapped. Despite one’s efforts, thoughts of obsessive-compulsive behavior keep coming back. This leads to more ritualistic behavior and a vicious cycle that’s characteristic of OCD. bigbluecrossfit.com | bigbluepilates.com

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There is a difference between being a perfectionist and being a person with OCD. Perhaps a person keeps the floors in their home so clean that guests could eat off them. Others like knickknacks arranged in a certain way. That doesn’t necessarily mean they have OCD. Another aspect of OCD is hoarding behavior. People who hoard save random items they encounter in their daily life and store them haphazardly in their homes. This behavior is a part of understanding how the anxiety is being processed in a person with OCD. OCD can be so severe at times that it becomes disabling. A person with OCD may not be able to do little else but spend time on her obsessions and compulsions. A person with OCD may experience a poor quality of life because the condition rules most of his time. In addition, the person may be so distressed he feels powerless to stop the urges. Most adults can recognize their obsessions and compulsions don’t make sense. If one’s obsessions and compulsions are affecting his or her life, he or she should see a primary care physician and/or a mental health provider. Psychologists are specially trained to treat this type of disorder, and psychiatrists have medications that may be beneficial. People with OCD may be ashamed and embarrassed about the condition. But even if their rituals are deeply ingrained, they should realize OCD is treatable. Anyone dealing with this disorder should seek professional help in maintaining their mental health and wellness. Sources and Resources Mayo Clinic (2015) Obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) Mayo Clinic Health Education. Retrieved at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ obsessive-compulsive-disorder/ Miller, T.W. (Ed.) (2010) Handbook of Stressful Transitions Across the Life Span. New York: Springer Publishers Incorporated.

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Learning the Signs and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Be sure to seek treatment if necessary By Harleena Singh, Staff Writer

Bipolar disorder used to be called manic-depressive disorder due to its extreme mood swings from depression to mania. It’s a very serious disorder that can cause risky behavior. However, it can be treated with medication and therapy. Symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe and different from the normal highs and lows everyone goes through. These symptoms can result in poor work or school performance, damaged relationships and even suicide. People with bipolar disorder experience intense emotional states, occurring in distinct periods called “mood episodes.” These episodes represent a drastic change from a person’s usual behavior and mood. An extremely sad or hopeless state is called a depressive episode, and an

overly joyful or overexcited state is called a manic episode. Sometimes a mood episode includes symptoms of both mania and depression; this is called a mixed state. The main criteria for diagnosing bipolar disorder is based on specific types of disorders: • Bipolar I Disorder – The person has at least one manic episode that may be preceded by or followed by major depressive episodes. Manic symptoms cause impairment in the person’s life and may trigger a break from reality or require hospitalization. • Bipolar II Disorder – People with this disorder have experienced at least one major depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode lasting at least four days, but have never had a manic episode. The unpredictable changes

People with bipolar disorder experience intense emotional states, occurring in distinct periods called “mood episodes.”

in behavior and mood or major depressive episodes can cause distress or difficulty in the person’s life. Both bipolar I and II disorders may include additional signs and symptoms such as: • Anxious distress – having anxiety, feeling tense and restless, having trouble concentrating. • Melancholic features – losing pleasure in most activities and not feeling better even when something good happens. • Mixed features – meeting the criteria of manic or hypomanic episode along with symptoms of major depressive episode. • Atypical features – experiencing symptoms that aren’t typical of a major depressive episode. • Catatonia – holding the body in an unusual position, not reacting to the environment, not speaking or mimicking others. • Seasonal pattern – a lifetime pattern of manic, hypomanic or major depressive episodes that change with the seasons. • Peripartum onset – bipolar disorder symptoms that occur during pregnancy or in the weeks after delivery. • Rapid cycling – having four or more mood swing episodes in a single year, with few symptoms of manic, hypomanic and major depressive episodes.

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• Psychosis – a severe episode of either mania or depression, resulting in detachment from reality. It includes delusions and hallucinations. • Cyclothymic disorder – People with this disorder had at least one or two years as children and teenagers with various periods of hypomania symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms. During that time, symptoms caused distress in important areas of life. These often don’t go away for more than two months. A hypomanic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently expansive, elevated and irritable mood that lasts for at least four consecutive days. During this episode, the patient shows a distinct change in mood and functioning that is not characteristic when the symptoms aren’t present. It makes enough of a change that others notice. The episode isn’t severe enough to cause difficulty at school or work or with activities and relationships and doesn’t require hospitalization or trigger a break from reality. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently expansive, elevated or irritable mood that lasts at least one week (or less than a week if hospitalization is required). To be considered a manic episode, the mood disturbance must be severe enough to cause difficulty at school or work or with activities and relationships. It may require hospitalization to prevent harm to others or self or to trigger a break from reality. For both of these episodes, during the period of increased energy and disturbed mood, three or more distinct symptoms should be present and represent a noticeable change from the person’s usual behavior. These symptoms are distractibility, inflated self-esteem, less need of sleep, racing thoughts, unusual talkativeness, agitation or increased goaldirected activity and doing things that are unusual and that have painful consequences. For a major depressive episode, specific symptoms represent a change from previous mood and functioning over a two-week period. One of the symptoms is loss of interest or pleasure in things the person previously enjoyed. Other symptoms include depressed mood, weight loss or gain without increase or decrease in appetite, restlessness, insomnia or sleeping excessively, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, decreased ability to think, indecisiveness and thoughts of suicide. If you are experiencing any of these signs or symptoms, see your doctor or mental health provider. You need treatment for bipolar disorder because it doesn’t get better on its own.

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Do You Have an Anxiety Disorder?

It’s the most common form of mental illness today By Jean Jeffers, Staff Writer

Edward is awake at 3 a.m. – again. He has startled his wife with his thrashing about in bed; he is trembling uncontrollably. He also develops chest pain each time he has an episode like this. Edward needs to see his doctor — he may have an anxiety disorder. “Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness seen today, replacing major depression as the No. 1 diagnosis,” said Daniel Watson, M.S.W., L.I.S.W., an individual, marital and family psychotherapist. Watson says everyone feels fear and anxiety at times, especially if there is a precipitating cause. Most individuals who are anxious feel

this way only a few days, and that is normal. Anxiety becomes a problem, Watson says, when it interferes with one’s life, such as being able to participate in daily activities, and when functioning is impaired. There are several major types of anxiety. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), these include: • Generalized anxiety disorder — the patient characteristically has reoccurring fears and worries, primarily about health or finances, and a persistent expectation that something bad is about to happen. • Panic disorder – this usually involves sudden, unprovoked feelings of intense terror and dread.

• Phobias — these are intense fears about certain objects, such as animals, or situations, such as getting into an elevator. • Obsessive-compulsive disorder — usually characterized by excessive, unwanted and persistent thoughts or ruminations (obsessions) and routines or rituals (compulsions) in which the person engages to try to rid himself or herself of the persistent thoughts. • Post-traumatic stress disorder – characterized by certain thoughts that remind the person of a traumatic event that usually happened years before. Diagnosing the type of anxiety a patient has and then determining the best form of treatment is the task of the mental health professional. Working with a mental health specialist is essential to a patient’s recovery. Most cases of anxiety disorder can be treated effectively by mental health professionals, says the APA. A combination of psychotherapy and medication(s) is generally recommended. One approach to treating anxiety is behavioral modification. It involves training patients in using relaxation and deep-breathing exercises. These particularly help with the agitation and rapid, shallow

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breathing that often accompany an anxiety disorder. Another important aspect of treatment is cognitive therapy. Patients learn to understand how their thoughts contribute to the symptoms of anxiety disorder and how to change these thoughts to reduce the likelihood of occurrence and the intensity of the reaction, says the APA. Along with psychotherapy, certain medications are often prescribed. For some types of anxiety, a powerful group of anti-anxiety medications are used along with anti-depressants. It is important to understand that all drugs have some side effects. Finding the right dosage and/or combination of drugs may take some time, and the patient may need to be monitored closely by a mental health professional. The APA says most patients who suffer from anxiety disorders are able to reduce or eliminate their anxiety symptoms and return to normal functioning after several months of psychotherapy and drug therapy. Cooperation is critical to success. Faithfully taking the medications and keeping appointments with a mental health professional are also part of the recovery process.

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INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

Mindfulness for Anxiety & Depression

By John A. Patterson MD, MSPH, FAAFP, Mind Body Studio Although anxiety and depression can be temporary experiences associated with life’s stresses and losses, they can also become major and tragic burdens for individuals, families and the overall economy. Anxiety is characterized by intrusive, worried, fearful and recurring thoughts. These thoughts may be precipitated by external events or they may be internally generated without a clear external trigger. Symptoms of anxiety include palpitations (with or without an actual increase in heart rate), elevated blood pressure, sweating, trembling, dizziness and avoidance of certain situations, events, places and people out of fear of worsening symptoms. While short-term anxiety can be a normal reaction to life stress, clinical anxiety disorders can be associated with intense, recurrent worry, fear and avoidance of everyday situations. Panic attacks are a type of anxiety that can occur suddenly, with or without any apparent cause, characterized by sudden intense fear that triggers a severe physical reaction and concerns about losing control, having a heart attack or

even dying. Other types of anxiety include social anxiety disorder (social phobia), phobias, separation anxiety and anxiety caused by an underlying medical condition. Short-term sadness can be a normal reaction to disappointment, loss and grief, but clinical depression is associated with a lack of interest in daily activities at home and work; lack of pleasure from

Mindfulness training can help you appreciate that there is more right with you than wrong with you.

previously pleasurable activities; unintentional weight loss or gain; sleep disturbance; fatigue or low energy; poor concentration; low self-esteem; self-blame; guilt; and recurrent thoughts of self-harm, death or even suicide. Anxiety and depression co-exist at least half the time. Worsening of one may worsen the other, and helping one may help the other. For this reason, anxiety and depression are increasingly thought of as one disorder, with one perhaps more prominent at any given time. Underlying personality, endocrine and neurological mechanisms include a heightened stress response with subsequent over-activation of hormonal, brain and nervous system activity. This cascade of physiology is usually outside one’s conscious recognition, leading to feelings of being victimized

by one’s external and internal environment. Psychological counseling and mindfulness training help bring these reactions into awareness where they can be dealt with more effectively. Anxiety and depression that are interfering with home life, work life and simply the ability to live in your own skin can benefit significantly from several psychological counseling approaches as well as medication. In many instances, drugs and counseling together may be necessary, even life-saving. Research increasingly supports the use of mindfulness-based approaches to both anxiety and depression. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a 35-year-old educational approach that helps build psychological resilience in people without clini-

January 2016 Mindfulness training can help you appreciate that there is more right with you than wrong with you, helping you replace self-criticism and fear with peace, happiness, acceptance, equanimity and compassion for yourself and others. Mindfulness can help you tap into the gratitude that arises when you are fully alive, one moment at a time, one day at a time. Mindfulness can help you learn to appreciate the simultaneous presence of pleasant emotions alongside unpleasant emotions, helping provide an internal, embodied feeling of wholeness and wellbeing even in the midst of pain and suffering. Mindfulness can help you identify your life’s priorities, clarify your most important values and help you begin living in accord with your personal sense of your life’s deepest meaning. The amazing thing about mindfulness training is that these positive transformational benefits can occur even without completely eradicating the anxiety and depression that initiated the mindfulness study and practice in the first place. My students and patients have put it this way: “I have my life back. I am in control. My unpleasant emotions are subsiding and my pleasant emotions are increasing. I am more fully alive.”

Research increasingly suggests mindfulness is an important tool in the management of the pain and suffering caused by anxiety and depression. Resources A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook for anxiety, Stahl, MeleoMeyer and Koerbel Mindfulness: An Eight-Week Plan for Finding Peace in a Frantic World, Williams and Penman About the Author Dr. Patterson is past president of the Kentucky Academy of Family Physicians and is board certified in family medicine and integrative holistic medicine. He is on the family practice faculty at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Saybrook University’s College of Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences (San Francisco) and the Center for Mind Body Medicine (Washington, D.C.). He operates the Mind Body Studio in Lexington, where he offers integrative medicine consultations. He can be reached through his Web site at www.mindbodystudio.org.

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cal anxiety or depression. MBSR can also help manage physical and emotional symptoms of clinically significant anxiety and depression because it is often integrated into a regimen that includes psychological counseling and/or medication. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a more recent combination of MBSR with cognitive behavior therapy. Although initially developed to treat recurrent, relapsing depression, MBCT also helps anxiety. In fact, most treatments for either anxiety or depression, whether counseling, medication or psycho-educational interventions, improve the symptoms of both conditions.

If you or a loved one has significant symptoms of anxiety or depression, it is extremely important that you consult with your primary care provider and discuss treatment options. Moderate and severe symptoms may well need either or both counseling and medication, at least initially. Mild symptoms may respond to lifestyle changes concerning sleep, healthy nutrition, physical activity, emotional awareness, substance use and social relationships. Your provider can refer you to a trusted professional for specific training in MBSR or MBCT. You may also benefit from self-directed study, such as the references cited below.

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January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net | behavior such as having unsafe sex, gambling or binge eating. Acts of selfharm and suicidal threats are common with people who have borderline PD.

10 Types of Personality Disorder

6. Histrionic PD People with this disorder constantly need attention because they lack a sense of self-worth and are easily influenced by others. They are excessively emotional, dramatic or sexually provocative to gain attention. Such people have shallow, rapidly changing emotions; speak dramatically with strong opinions; and are excessively concernedRonald with their physical appearReagan was ance.

Three clusters share similar characteristics

Here is a closer look at these conditions.

1. Paranoid PD This disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust of family and friends. The person with paranoid PD is always guarded, suspicious and on the lookout for clues to validate his fears. He is overly sensitive to setbacks and rebuffs, persistently bears grudges and easily feels shame and humiliation. Such people often withdraw from others and struggle with building close relationships. They tend to worry their partner or spouse is unfaithful, despite a lack of evidence. 2. Schizoid PD People suffering from this type of PD are detached, aloof and prone to

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9. Dependent PD People suffering this disorder depend excessively on others and feel the need to be taken care of. They lack self-confidence, require excessive advice and reassurance from others and often display submissive behavior. People with this disorder have difficulty disagreeing with others. They fear abandonment and may go to great lengths to secure and maintain relationships. the 40th president.

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By Harleena Singh, Staff Writer Personality disorder (PD) is a term used for several behavioral patterns. There are wide ranges of PDs. Those who suffer from PD have problems maintaining healthy relationships. They usually blame other people or circumstances for problems they create, which makes them lonely and isolated. It also makes it difficult for them to get along with others, regardless of the circumstances. Personality disorders are grouped into three clusters, based on similar characteristics and symptoms: Cluster A, characterized by odd, bizarre or eccentric behavior, includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal PD. Cluster B, characterized by dramatic and erratic behavior, includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic PD. Cluster C, characterized by anxious or fearful behavior, includes avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive PD.

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equate, inferior or unattractive and have a fear of disapproval, embarrassment or ridicule.

fantasy and introspection. They have Golden Girls” were fast becoming on their first season no desire for sexual or social“The relation10.friends Obsessive-Compulsive PD ships, are indifferent to others and 7. Narcissistic PD People with this disorder are preocA gallon of gas cost one dollar and twenty cents. lack emotional response. They have People with this disorder have cupied with details, rules and orderlia deep longing for intimacy but find extreme feelings of self-importance, a ness. They have a desire to be in conit difficult and distressing to maintain sense of entitlement and a need to be trol of people, situations and tasks and close relationships. They rarely presadmired. They lack empathy but are are often rigid and stubborn. They are ent to medical attention because they envious of others and exploit them to unable to discard broken or worthless generally function well and are not achieve their aims. People with this objects and are inflexible about ethics, troubled by their apparent oddness. disorder fantasize about power, sucmorality and values. Being perfectioncess and attractiveness and may seem ists, they distress when perfection 3. Schizotypal PD controlling, self-absorbed, intoleris not achieved and tend to have a People with this disorder have ant, selfish or insensitive. If they feel miserly control over budgeting and peculiar thoughts, beliefs, speech and obstructed, they can get into a fit of spending money. behavior. They have an indifferent, destructive anger and revenge. If you or a loved one have any signs inappropriate or suspicious response or symptoms of a personality disorRonald Ronald was the Reagan 40thder, was president. 40th president. to others. Such people often fear 8. Avoidant PD Reagan seethe your doctor or mental health social interaction and think others “The Golden PeopleGirls” whoGolden suffer thiswere dis- fast provider. Leaving untreated canon TV “The were from fast Girls” becoming friends becoming on theirfriends first season ona PD their on first TV.season are harmful, which may lead them order are very sensitive criticism cause problems your life and may A gallon of gas A to gallon cost one of dollar gas cost and one twenty dollarcents. andintwenty cents. to develop beliefs or intuitions that or rejection. They tend to feel inadget worse without treatment. events and happenings are somehow related to them. They also display “magical thinking,” believing they can influence people and events through their thoughts.

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or feelings and the safety of self or others. They tend to lie persistently, steal, use aliases and have recurring problems with the law. People with this disorder are aggressive, irritable, act impulsively, lack guilt and exhibit violent behavior. They have a lack of remorse for their behavior and are consistently irresponsible.

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5. Borderline PD People with this PD lack a sense of self, so they often experience feelings of emptiness and fears of abandonment. They show a pattern of intense but unstable relationships, outbursts of anger and violence, emotional Kindly instability and impulsive and risky

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January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net |

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MAKERS Sponge Syringe to Plug Bullet Wounds Now Available to Public Syria Overcome with Flesh-Eating Skin Disease Because of ISIS Syrians are not just battling the Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) but also the skin disease Leishmaniasis, which causes disfiguring lesions. “As a result of abominable acts by ISIS that included the killing of innocent people and dumping their corpses in streets, this is the leading factor behind the rapid spread of Leishmaniasis disease,” Dilqash Isa, head of the Kurdish Red Crescent, told Kurdish Rudaw news. The flesh-eating virus is transmitted by parasites that feed on corpses. The rarely deadly disease was not seen in Syria prior to ISIS’ influence in Syria, according to Kurdish fighters. It first started appearing in war-torn parts of Syria. The parasites multiply and then bite and infect living people. Syria’s health care system has almost completely collapsed after four years of conflict. More than half of the public hospitals in the country are unable to provide full services, and in ISIS-controlled areas, hospitals are understaffed as many health care workers have fled for their lives. International aid agencies have extreme difficulty delivering vital medical supplies. More than 13 million Syrians are in need of humanitarian assistance, according to the WHO.

XSTAT 30, a sponge-filled syringe for field dressing bullet wounds, is now available for use in the general population, according to the Food and Drug Administration. XSTAT 30 was previously only approved for military use. Now ambulances will be able to dress a bullet wound in 15 seconds. The syringe is filled with 92 tablet-sized sponges that are injected deep into the wound. The sponges absorb blood and expand in the wound to create a temporary barrier to stop bleeding. One XSTAT 30 syringe can absorb about a pint of blood, and its dressing can be used for up to four hours. Blood loss causes 30 percent to 40 percent of traumatic injury deaths according to the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research.

‘Suicide Gene Therapy’ Kills Prostate Cancer Tumors Researchers at Houston Methodist Hospital created a vaccine to attack cancer cells. The vaccine starts with the patient’s own cancerous cells that are genetically modified to signal the patient’s immune system to attack them. This “suicide gene therapy,” used in conjunction with radiotherapy, has shown a 20-percent improvement in survival rates. The results were published in the Journal of Radiation Oncology.

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Mental Health and Chinese Medicine ‘Body-mind therapy’ can help with many anxiety disorders

By Tara Bissell, M.Ac., Dipl.Ac., L.Ac., Artemesia

More Common Than You Think: Mental health is a topic that is close to us all: 18 percent of the population (nearly one in five people) has some form of anxiety disorder, which includes anxiety and panic attacks and obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders. Despite the prevalence of these disorders, many people are reluctant to discuss their mental-emotional issues with others, causing many of them to bear these stressors alone. Many people, in fact, do not even seek treatment. Racing thoughts, excessive worry, sudden fearfulness, awareness of one’s heartbeat, light-headedness, low mood ... these are a few of the common experiences within anxiety disorders. Conventional treatments, including counseling and pharmaceuticals, may not be the ideal solution for everyone – and even with those therapies, many people continue to feel something is still “off ” with their inner sense of well-being. Chinese Medicine Has Much to Offer: Chinese medicine is a complete medical model that originated in ancient China over 2,000 years ago. It encompasses acupuncture, acupressure, tuina (medical massage), cupping, moxabustion (a warming herbal pain-relief therapy) and Chinese herbalism. Inherent in this medicine is the view that body, mind and spirit are all connected and they interact within the person to produce their state of well-being. Chinese medicine is often known as a “body-mind therapy,” so it is a

great fit for treatment of anxiety disorders that manifest with a mixture of mental, emotional and physical symptoms. Treat the Body to Treat the Mind: As a holistic form of medicine that treats the whole person rather than simply the symptoms, Chinese medicine approaches mental health issues as part of an imbalance in the entire body-mind system. In this model, there is no diagnosis of “disease,” only a unique form of imbalance that can be addressed by looking into the person’s innate constitution (body type, personality) and the life factors that are interacting to create this imbalance. By treating the physical body with acupuncture, acupressure or Chinese herbal therapies, we can positively effect the mind and emotions and bring them into greater harmony. An Individualized Approach: Chinese medicine is personalized and specific. For example, instead of treating a “generalized anxiety” disorder, we practitioners would look for the ways an imbalance specifically manifests for the individual. Is there more worry and overactive thinking, a sense of “stuckness” or lack of hope or indecisiveness over the individual’s life direction? Has this arisen along with some circumstance in the individual’s life or has it been with them as long as they can remember? Initial appointments afford practitioners plenty of time to learn about the individual’s experience and to design a treatment plan. From there, treatments can be

December 2015 article correction: The article “Men Enjoy the Benefits of Acupuncture” was written by Kathleen Fluhart, R.N., M.Ac., Dipl.Ac., L.Ac., not Kris McClanahan.

often follow treatment as the individual feels better. This is a welcome sign that the person is rediscovering a sense of balance in life. Finally, many people experience a gift of increased self-awareness as they are guided gently toward greater health and balance.

adjusted to fit the changing needs of the patient as he or she moves forward toward feeling better. There is no prescribed number of treatments; rather, the process unfolds naturally, with both practitioner and patient learning more about what’s needed to regain a state of wellness. A Complementary Medicine: Chinese medicine is safe and effective and can enhance the benefits of other therapies and pharmaceutical treatments. Positive lifestyle changes

How Do I Learn More? Most Chinese medicine practitioners (often referred to as acupuncturists) provide a great deal of information on their Websites and are happy to answer general questions about whether it may be a fit for your needs. Reluctant about acupuncture and needles? Rest assured that most people find this therapy incredibly relaxing and are surprised at how thin and painless these sterile, singleuse needles actually are. For those who are not ready to try acupuncture, non-needle based therapies such as acupressure may be the place to begin. Practitioners undergo extensive training in the United States and China to learn the Chinese medical system as well as a good deal of western medicine, so be sure to look for practitioners that are licensed by your state medical board and also by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM).

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January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net |

Mood Swings Characterize Bipolar Disorder

Disease usually begins during adolescence By Jean Jeffers, Staff Writer According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), bipolar disorder is a severe brain disorder characterized by extreme changes in mood, thought and behavior. Dr. Rajnish Mago, director of the mood disorders program at Thomas Jefferson University and professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College in Philadelphia, Pa., says the main characteristic of bipolar disorder is fear lasting for a day, a week or a month. This then goes into mania, marked by highs and elevated moods, alternating with episodes in which the patient battles a low, depressed mood and fatigue. Bipolar disorder affects nearly 6 million adult Americans. The condition tends to run in families and generally affects spouses, parents, family members and friends or co-workers.

Bipolar disorder usually begins in late adolescence, often appearing as depression during the teen years. The mood episodes are quite intense; strong feelings occur along with changes in behavior and energy levels. According to the NIH, during a manic episode, a person may: • feel very “up” or “high”; • feel jumpy or wired; • talk fast about many different things; • be agitated, irritable or touchy; • have trouble relaxing and sleeping; • think they can do many different things at once and are more active than usual; or • do risky things, like spending a lot of money or having reckless sex. The NIH says while in a depressive episode, a person may: • feel very down or sad;

• feel worried and empty; • have trouble concentrating; • lose interest in fun activities; • feel tired or slowed down; and • think about death or suicide. Sometimes when a person is manic and has psychotic symptoms (out of touch with reality), he may believe he is rich and famous. Then, when he is depressed and psychotic, he may think he is a criminal and has done bad things. Bipolar disease is not easy to diagnose. Individuals may live for years with it before it comes to light. Also, a person with bipolar disease may have other problems, such as substance abuse issues or anxiety disorder. Bipolar disease is treated with medication that usually includes mood stabilizers, such as the classic lithium, anti-depressants and often antipsychotic medications. The newer anti-

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psychotic medications have properties of mood stabilization that benefit the bipolar condition. Psychotherapy is sometimes offered. Other treatments such as electroshock therapy are used when the patient can’t tolerate drug therapy. For many people, faith plays a vital part in living with bipolar disease. Some say their faith helps them deal with the severity of the illness as well as the problems it brings. An important factor in care is having a mental health counselor the person trusts and relates to easily. Sometimes there is a team approach, but the patient needs to select the team carefully and feel he/she is a part of that team. Other tips for care include: • Avoid alcoholic beverages. • Get enough rest, eat a healthy diet and exercise as often as possible. • Pay attention to warning signs and get help if necessary. • Take your prescribed medication as directed.

Bipolar disease is not easy to diagnose.

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Narcissistic Personality Disorder Difficult to Classify Drugs, alcohol exacerbate problem By Charles Sebastian, Staff Writer All of us have used the word “narcissism” in a general way to describe a person who is too much in awe of themselves. Perhaps a bit too much time is spent in front of the mirror; everyone else is always secondary; and “I” statements seem to be the only vocabulary the narcissist knows. While this description is often given to someone who simply hasn’t matured to the point of considering other people in the world who also have needs and wants, when it is taken to an extreme, it becomes a mental illness. In the late 1960s, the terms egocentricism and megalomania were used to describe this self-indulgent personality type. Since that time, the term “narcissistic personality disorder” (NPD) has come to be used by counselors and therapists. NPD belongs to Cluster C, the third group of personality disorders laid out in the DSM-5, the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychological Association (APA). Like so many mental illnesses, NPD is difficult to classify. While there are no double-blind studies to

verify the causes of the illness, there are suggestions and suspicions. Low functioning is a strong indicator of NPD, which can be accompanied by excessively high or exceedingly low opinions of oneself. These extremes can sometimes fluctuate, depending on the individual, making for erratic, illogical behavior. Approval from loved ones and peers can become a big issue, and so can a deep unconsciousness about the person’s own motivations and drives. Other people are shuffled aside because the person’s self-interests always take precedence. Many times the impact of behaviors will be glossed over or denied, justifying the narcissistic patterning in the process. Shallow relationships are to be expected, but usually the relationships that provide the most personal gain and power are kept and developed. NPD often goes hand in hand with other illnesses ranging from anxiety disorders to borderline personality disorder. Grandiose behavior, oneupmanship and being center stage in every situation are all pieces of the NPD puzzle. As grandiosity develops and is increasingly justified, mixed

with antagonistic behavior, NPD can become dangerous. It should come as no surprise that some of the best-known serial killers and dictators carry deep-seated NPD. Any of us could probably name an incident in the news in the last few weeks or months that describes an abuse of power, most likely involving someone with the malignant form of NPD. Arrogance, envy and lack of empathy are also present. Drugs and alcohol can exacerbate the condition. These characteristics of NPD beg the question: “What is the difference between someone suffering from this disease and those strong leaders who simply exude confidence and natural leadership?” The difference is when the traits become pathological, when the person with NPD is hurting others or himself or herself. As the narcissist climbs higher and higher above everyone else, criticism from others or self-criticism can be paralyzing. He or she may begin talking badly about others to falsely raise himself or herself, and an inability to empathize with fellow humans will likely appear. There are no solid indicators of this problem, but some of the fol-

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lowing issues have been observed in NPD sufferers: • high sensitivity; • being overly admired without much accountability; • “can do no wrong,” despite their behavior; • child abuse; • manipulation; • parents vicariously living through children; • unpredictable parental behavior; • feelings of unimportance in relation to others; • less gray matter in the anterior insula of the brain, where emotions and empathy are regulated; and • previous shame and blame. Several approaches are used in psychotherapy to treat this disorder. However, many people suffering from NPD don’t look for help because, ironically, they think very highly of themselves and feel there’s nothing wrong with them. It’s very common for those with NPD to martyr themselves, often thinking others are out to get them or are creating sabotaging situations for them. Some therapists use subtypes for NPD to further classify patients they are treating. These more specified classifications become even harder to pinpoint than the general disorder itself. Unprincipled, amorous, compensatory and elitist are four further descriptions of people displaying this illness. While many of us display some of the characteristics of this disorder, they are truly in full bloom when functioning is compromised and a pathology has become apparent. For better health and relations with those around you, it’s best to check these criteria in your daily behaviors. While you may not exhibit clinical NPD in its entirety, you may play out some of its rather unsavory characteristics. People with this disorder would mostly be reluctant to admit they have it. As W.C. Fields once said, “The egomaniac thinks the world always revolves around him. And it does.” GIVE US A TRY AT NO CHARGE

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Overview: Mental Health Issues Impact Our Lives

antisocial personality disorder. Mental health problems can cause people to alienate themselves because of their behavior and personality traits. Their symptoms can cause anger, fear, sadness and feelings of helplessness. Some mental health disorders can even lead to suicide. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, over 90 percent of suicides have depression or other mental disorder as a factor. Only a qualified mental health professional can diagnose a mental health disorder. Prescriptions drugs such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics may be used for treatment in combination with behavioral or cognitive therapy. Report any side effects to your doctor.

By Harleena Singh, Staff Writer

Mental health includes our wellbeing – emotional, psychological, social. It affects the way we act, behave, feel, think and cope with life. Our mental health determines the way we relate to others, handle stress and make choices. It is important at every stage of our lives. There can be many causes of mental disorders, such as genes or brain chemistry; a family history of mental health issues; life experiences; stress; and a history of abuse or trauma. Even biological factors can be a cause. Mental health issues are common, but help is available. Millions of people live with various types of mental illness and mental health issues. Different common conditions recognized as mental illness include: • Anxiety Disorder: People with this disorder respond to situations or objects with fear. They may show physical signs of panic or anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat and sweating. Anxiety disorder can include panic disorders, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): People with OCD are overwhelmed by fears or thoughts that cause them to perform certain routines, rituals or involuntary repeated actions. These disturbing thoughts are known as obsessions; rituals are called compulsions. A person who is obsessed with washing his hands constantly because of the unreasonable fear of germs most likely has OCD. • Eating Disorders: These involve extreme attitudes, behaviors and emotions involving food and weight. Common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia and binge eating disorder.

• Impulse Control and Addiction Disorders: People with impulse control disorders cannot resist their urges or impulses to perform acts that could harm others or themselves. Overuse of drugs and alcohol are examples of addiction disorders, as well as compulsive gambling, kleptomania (stealing) and pyromania (starting fires). People with addiction disorders often ignore their responsibilities and relationships. • Mood or Affective Disorders: These involve periods of feeling extreme happiness followed by extreme sadness. This causes a periodic cycling of emotional states between depressive and manic phases. Depressive phases are characterized by lethargy, whereas manic phases are periods of extreme activity and heightened emotions. The cycles do not occur instantly. The most common mood disorders are bipolar disorder, depression, self-harm, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and cyclothymic disorder. • Psychotic Disorders: These involve distorted awareness and thinking. Common symptoms are hallucinations (experience of unreal images or sounds, such as hearing voices) and delusions (false fixed beliefs the person takes to be true). An example of psychotic disorder is schizophrenia. • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): This condition can develop following a terrifying and traumatic event, such as the unexpected death of a loved one, a natural disaster, wartime experiences or sexual or physical assault. People with PTSD have frightening, long-lasting thoughts and memories of the traumatizing event. They tend to be emotionally numb. • Personality Disorders: People

with this disorder have inflexible and extreme traits, which can cause problems in school, at work or with relationships. Their behavior and patterns of thinking are usually very rigid and differ from the expectations of society. Examples include paranoid personality disorder, obsessivecompulsive personality disorder and

Mental health issues are common, but help is available.

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Stressed Out?

LEARN TO RECOGNIZE AND DEAL WITH YOUR STRESSORS By Dr. John E. Reesor, Family Practice Associates of Lexington, P.S.C. According to the American Institute of Stress (AIS) (www.stress.org), stress is the No. 1 health problem in America. The AIS says the term “stress” as currently used was coined in 1936 by Hans Selye, who defined it as “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand for change.” Chronic stress can wreak havoc on our bodies and all its systems – nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, even reproductive. When you’re stressed, muscles get tense. You may find yourself hyperventilating. Your heart starts beating harder. Your stomach feels knotted. Stress can cause hypertension, strokes, heart attack, diabetes, ulcers and low back pain. Stress can also affect your mental health. It can put you in a bad mood and cause you to cope with it in unhealthy ways, such as overusing alcohol or drugs. You may lash out at friends and family. You may find it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. You may even succumb to depression because of the stress in your life. Not all stress is bad. Some happy occasions – such as getting married, starting a new job, having a baby – can still be stressful. Sometimes stress is a reaction to danger or a threat – we’ve all heard of the “flight or fight” response. In the past, this was a defense mechanism that could mean the difference

between life and death. Stress would amp up adrenalin so you could either run from the danger or defend yourself. Blood sugar would elevate to give you energy, and blood flow to the brain would increase so you could focus, think clearly and make good, quick decisions. The AIS says stress today tends to arise primarily from psychological rather than physical threats. We are not often confronted by wild beasts or marauding warriors, but our bodies still react in the age-old ways. It is vital to learn how to cope with stress. Some stress is caused by external factors such as relationship difficulties, work and financial problems. The situations and pressures that cause stress are known as stressors. Learn to recognize the signs

and symptoms of your particular stressors. Accept that there are some things in life you can’t change, but realize you can control your reaction to stressful situations. Stress management involves discerning which coping tactics work best for you because not everything works for everyone. Some people do well with meditation or deep breathing, which stimulates the body’s relaxation response. Yoga is an ideal way to deal with stress. Proper nutrition also helps your body handle stress, so strive to eat a healthy diet with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Reducing sugar and caffeine intake and avoiding stimulants such as alcohol and nicotine will strengthen you physically.

If you find you still are overwhelmed by stress, it’s a good idea to talk to your primary care giver. He or she will help you decide whether you need some help in the form of medication or if perhaps you need to talk to a counselor to help you get things back to a manageable perspective. About the Author A native of Louisville, Dr. Reesor joined Family Practice Associates in 2001 from a solo family practice in Lexington. Dr. Reesor’s goal is “to help patients live a long, healthy and prosperous life.”

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Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis is difficult because it ‘borders’ other conditions By Angela S. Hoover, Staff Writer Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is commonly overlooked and easily misunderstood. It derives its name from the fact that it sits on the border of several other major mood disorders and impulse control disorders, said Dr. John Oldham, executive chair in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. An estimated 1.6 percent of American adults have BPD. BPD substantially interferes with daily life and relationships. The condition is characterized by pervasive instability in moods, self-image and behavior, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The main characteristics of BPD are emotional dysregulation, loss of impulse control and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Emotional dysregulation refers to intense emotions that come out of nowhere – not even in relation to a present event – and escalate like a runaway train speeding off the tracks. When added to high emotionality, impulsivity and difficulty trusting other people, it becomes clear why those with BPD have very difficult interpersonal relationships and a great deal of instability in all aspects of their lives. Diagnosis of BPD is difficult. Cases are usually diagnosed only after sever-

al years of clinical evaluation because the disorder “borders” so many other conditions. Often the diagnosis evolves over years of therapy as all the layers eventually come to light. A diagnosis of BPD looks for an enduring pattern of at least five of these nine symptoms: • Extreme reactions. This could be panic, depression, rage, acting frantically or having feelings of abandonment. One, several or all of these reactions are felt consistently. Some individuals with BPD have a limited range of intense emotional reactions they exclusively cycle through, such as feeling abandoned, depressed or vengeful or feeling panicked and acting in a frantic manner. • A pattern of intense and stormy relationships with family, friends and loved ones. These relationships can traverse between closeness and idealized or adoring love to extreme dislike and anger. • Distorted and unstable self-image or sense of self. This is often due to sudden changes in feelings, opinions and values or plans and goals. • Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors. These may include substance abuse, unsafe sex or promiscuity, reckless driving, binge eating or spending sprees. • Self-harming behavior and/or suicidal thoughts or threats.

• Intense and highly changeable moods, each episode lasting from a few hours to a few days. • Chronic feelings of boredom and/or emptiness. • Inappropriate, intense anger or problems controlling anger. • Stress-related paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms, such as feeling cut off from oneself, observing oneself from the outside or losing touch with reality. Brain imaging can help with diagnosis. Neuroanatomical data of patients with BPD show some distinctive features. Brain imaging shows structural abnormalities that impact the limbic system. A review of BPD neuroimaging written by Krause-Utz, Winter, Niedtfeld and Schmahl and published at www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24492919 in 2010 found “structural and functional abnormalities in a fronto-limbic network, including regions involved in emotion processing (e.g., amygdala insula), and frontal brain regions implicated in regulatory control processes (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex, medical frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex).” This same review suggests patients may have altered function in neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonin, glutamate, and GABA systems. Serotonin is attributed to

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feelings of well-being. Glutamate is involved more generally in brain function and cognition. GABA is a chemical messenger that calms overexcited neurons. Another study that compared BPD patients with healthy volunteers found deficits within fronto-limbic connections, specifically decreased white matter integrity in the cingulum and fornix – two separate bundles of fibers (white matter) that aid communication in the limbic system. Emotions form within the limbic system, which also plays a role in memory formation. Interestingly, the abnormalities within the fornix and cingulum were related to severity of symptoms. BPD is generally treated with psychotherapy alone, although in some cases medication may be used to treat specific symptoms, such as depression or anxiety. However, no medication has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment. Only a few studies show medications could be effective in treating BPD, according to the NIMH. Due to the volatility of emotional outbursts and instability in interpersonal relationships, it may be best for others to cease contact with a person suffering from BPD until he or she has attained better control of his or her emotions through years of psychotherapy.

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Dialectical Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

Four aspects of treatment give patients tools to achieve self-acceptance By Regina Walker, LCSW, BCD, CASAC Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by patterns of violent mood swings, unstable relationships, poor self-image and a tendency to act impulsively. The majority of people with BPD harm themselves and also make repeated suicide attempts. One of the more promising therapies for BPD is dialectical behavioral therapy, or DBT. Dr. Marsha Linehan developed DBT to treat compulsive patterns of self-harm with simple, practical, effective techniques. For Linehan, DBT is anything but an exercise in abstraction. As she recently revealed, its methods come from insights gained at a huge personal cost from her own struggles with mental illness. Linehan was first diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 17. According to an in-depth look at her struggles with mental illness published in The New York Times in 2011, as a teenager she was precocious but also dangerously violent towards herself. In the article, Benedict Carey wrote, “The girl attacked herself habitually, burning her wrists with cigarettes, slashing her arms, her legs, her midsection, using any sharp object she could get her hands on.” “I felt totally empty, like the Tin Man,” Linehan said. “I had no way to communicate what was going on, no way to understand it.” She was dosed with Thorazine, Librium and other powerful drugs and endured hours of Freudian analysis as well. She was also subjected to electroshock treatments, but nothing changed. She often found herself back in seclusion on the locked ward. In 1967, Linehan had what can only be described as an epiphany. She had been regularly praying at the Cenacle Retreat Center in Chicago and suddenly felt transformed. “It was this shimmering experience, and I just ran back to my room and said, ‘I love myself,’” she said. The high lasted for about a year. The feelings of devastation returned

in the wake of a romance that ended. But something was different. Linehan could now weather her emotional storms without cutting or harming herself. Quite simply, she accepted herself as she was. She referred to this as “radical acceptance” – acceptance of life as it is, not as it is supposed to be, and acknowledging the need to change – both despite that reality and because of it. On the one hand, she learned, you have to take life as it is; on the other hand, change is essential for survival. But for real change to happen, both self-acceptance and acceptance of the need for change have to come together. This blending of two seemingly opposite views is called a dialectic, and it’s the vision behind DBT. Linehan was trapped in a downward spiral of shame, self-loathing, psychic pain and self-harm from which there seemed to be no escape. During her first psychiatric hospitalization, Linehan said, “I was in hell. And I made a vow: When I get out, I’m going to come back and get others out of here.” Linehan originally developed DBT as a treatment for highly suicidal patients. Linehan believed if these individuals could be taught skills to better deal with emotional and life issues and lessen their psychic pain, the desire to die or harm themselves would be greatly diminished. Simply, the goal of DBT is for the patient to acquire skills to deal with his or her mental anguish and create a life worth living. Over time and study (she earned a Ph.D. at Loyola in 1971), Linehan acknowledged acceptance and change alone were not enough. Patient needed tools to handle the feelings and circumstances in their lives that led to self-harming behavior. DBT is a way to achieve self-acceptance while simultaneously accepting the need for change. There are four basic aspects to DBT: mindfulness, interpersonal relations, emotion regulation and distress tolerance. Mindfulness is an idea originally borrowed from Zen Buddhism. It

is about focusing on the present moment, as opposed to the past or future, and being aware and accepting of what is happening both within and without, without making judgments about the experience. This can also be described as acceptance of the self and the circumstances. The next skill set in DBT focuses on interpersonal relations. This “module” teaches patients how to set limits and safeguard themselves and their relationships. The emotion regulation aspect of DBT teaches patients how to identify, regulate and experience emotions without becoming overwhelmed and acting on impulse. The skills aim to reduce vulnerability and increase positive experiences. The fourth area of DBT is distress tolerance. This module focuses on developing skills to cope with crises

when emotions become overwhelming and the individual is unable to immediately solve the problem (a death, sickness, loss of job, etc.). The patient needs to persevere and live through the crisis without making it worse by impulsive actions (for example, cutting or substance abuse). DBT pushes for immediate and permanent cessation of self-harming behaviors (change) while also offering the idea that a relapse to old behaviors, should it occur, does not mean the individual cannot achieve the desired result (acceptance.) The dialectical approach therefore joins unrelenting insistence on total abstinence from harmful behavior with nonjudgmental, problem-solving responses to relapses. DBT treats a lapse into self-harming behavior as a problem to solve, rather than evidence of patient inadequacy or treatment failure. When a patient does slip, the therapist shifts rapidly to helping the patient “fail well” — that is, the therapist guides the patient in making a behavioral analysis of the events that led to and followed the behavior, gleaning all that can be learned and applied to future situations. Additionally, the therapist helps the patient make a quick recovery from the lapse. This approach may lessen the intense negative emotions and thoughts many people feel after a lapse that can hinder reestablishing healthy behavior (“What’s the point? I’m a failure. I can’t do this. I give up. I might as well keep using”).

Dr. Marsha Linehan developed DBT to treat compulsive patterns of self-harm with simple, practical, effective techniques.

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Al-Anon

Free support group for anyone affected by someone else’s drinking. Local meetings and information at www.LexingtonAlAnon.org or call 859.277.1877.

Ongoing

Personal Shopping

Would you help an elderly lady if it required no work on your part? Support Sonja Ortmann, a dear Lexington lady in need of funds for medical costs. I provide personal shopping at reasonable rates, with at least 50% of your costs paid to help Sonja! You pay nothing until I deliver your merchandise to your door. I can also run errands for you. Read more about Sonja at GoFundMe.com/helpoursonja and contact me for more information: Brian, 859-206-4565 or 502-906-5019. Email: isfy.yourps@gmail.com.

Free Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Chronic Disease Self-Management Program is an effective and free workshop for people with chronic health problems and care-takers. The program teaches skills for managing a variety of chronic diseases. Session topics include techniques to exercise, use of medication, communication with family and healthcare professionals, nutrition, and stress management. The program meets once a week for two and a half hours over six weeks at Baptist Health Lexington Green location. For more questions or to enroll, call (859) 260-5122 and ask for Chronic Disease SelfManagement Program.

Mondays

Free Yoga Classes for Vets, Servicemembers and their Family Members

Every Monday from 9:30am–10:30am at Ageless Yoga Studio, 611 Winchester Rd., Suite 200. 859-303-6225. Pre-register online at agelessyogastudio.com. Click “class” tab to sign up now! Email info@ agelessyogastudio.com for more info.

Fridays

Argentine tango “Dance of the heart”

Passionate and Romantic. Mindful and Meditative. A uniquely transformative social skill, art form and movement therapy. No partner or dance experience required. Monday evening 7:00-9:00 PM. You may drop-in to any class- this is not a series. Cost $5-$10/person sliding scale. Instructors: Dr. John Patterson and Nataliya Timoshevskaya. Mind Body Studio 517 Southland Drive, Lexington, KY 859373-0033. Full details at http://www. mindbodystudio.org/?page_id=214

Wednesdays Mindfulness and Relaxation for Health

6:30-8:00 PM. No prior experience of yoga or meditation required. Mobilize your inner resources for promoting health, self care and managing the stress of caregiving, burnout and chronic disease. Cultivate your innate happiness, peacefulness and compassion. Study and practice in a supportive group. Gentle yoga or mindful movement, deep relaxation, sitting meditation followed by discussion. Cost

$5-$10/person sliding scale. Instructor: Dr. John Patterson, Mind Body Studio 517 Southland Drive, Lexington, KY 859-373-0033. Full details at http://www. mindbodystudio.org/?page_id=1055

Thursdays

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Full 8 week program- the gold standard in mindfulness. Orientation January 14th @ 6:00PM. Study and practice with a supportive group and learn to: relax your body, quiet your mind, open your heart, manage stress and prevent burnout , learn non-drug approaches for managing chronic conditions. Cost deeply discounted for UK employees, spouses and retirees. Sliding scale for non-UK participants. Facilitator: John A. Patterson MD, MSPH, FAAFP, Mind Body Studio 517A Southland Drive Lexington KY 859-373-0033. Full details at http://www. mindbodystudio.org/?page_id=1262

Mondays & Wednesdays

MELT Method Hand, Foot and Body Healing Class by Shayne Wigglesworth

Mondays and Wednesdays at 12pm Discover pain-free living at any age! Enjoy a gentle foam roller class to reduce pain, inflammation, stress, anxiety and more! MELT Method certified instructor Shayne Wigglesworth will teach you healing techniques you can use for self care at home. All materials and rollers are provided. Perfect for all ages, body types and experience levels. Learn more at www. centeredlex.com or call 859-721-1841

Tuesdays Community Flow

This weekly restorative class integrates gentle yoga, breathing techniques, meditation and wellness tips for all ages and levels of physical condition. 10:30am– 11:30am. Donation only (great portion of all donations go to the Backpack Food Program at Ashland Elementary.) Inspiring, Educating & Supporting our World through the Moving, Visual & Healing Arts! Daily classes, therapies, workshops & a great spot to host your next event! 309 N Ashland Ave Ste.180, Lexington, KY 40502. 859-721-1841. www.centeredlex.com

Tuesdays Swing Lessons

Every Tuesday, starting September 30: 8pm–10pm at Tates Creek Recreation Center, 1400 Gainesway Dr. $5.00 per

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person per lesson. Call for more information: Glenn and Rosalee Kelley 859233-9947; OR Peter and Robin Young 859-224-3388.

Tuesdays

Community Yoga Class with Lauren Higdon

Every Tuesday 10:30am–11:30am at Centered Studio, 309 n Ashland ave suite 180 in Lexington. This weekly restorative class integrates gentle yoga, breathing techniques, meditation and wellness tips for all ages and levels of physical condition. Classes may include chair yoga, restorative, yin yoga, tai chi, and more. Perfect for beginners as well as experienced yogis! Donations-based class.

January 4-25

Prenatal Yoga: Feel Better. Be Stronger. Prepare for Birth.

Our classes are beneficial for moms & babies during all stages of pregnancy. Emphasis is on safety and no yoga experience is needed. Come breathe with us! All trimesters welcome, no previous yoga experience required. Drop-ins welcome, class packages also available. Baby Moon, 2891 Richmond Rd, Ste 103; www.baby-moon.org.

January 5

Eat, Move, Lose Weight Support Group

12 – 1 pm, Lexington-Fayette Co. Health Department PH Clinic South, 2433 Regency Road. Free weight-loss support group appropriate for anyone wishing to lose weight or maintain weight loss. Share struggles and ideas with others. Held first and third Tuesdays most months. For more information or to pre-register, call 288-2446.

January 5

Low-Impact Aerobics and Kettlebell Classes

6-8 pm, William Wells Brown Community Center, 548 East Sixth Street. Bi-weekly through April. Weight room also open 5 – 9 pm. Free and for adults age 18 and above. Sponsored by Lexington Parks and Recreation. For more information, contact Jill Chenault-Wilson at 389-6678.

January 7

Diabetes Self-Management Class Series

1 - 3:30 pm, weekly through January 28, Refuge Clinic at Southland Church, 2349 Richmond Road. Free class series helps those with diabetes and their families learn how to manage this condition. Different topic each week. Preregistration is required due to limited space. Call 859-288-2446 to register or for more information.

January 9

Senior Aerobics/Solid Gold

10am – 11 am, William Wells Brown Community Center, 548 East Sixth Street. Weekly through December 12. Free. Sponsored by Lexington Parks and Recreation. For more information, contact Jill Chenault-Wilson at 389-6678.

January 10 Art of Breastfeeding

4-5:30 p.m. Baptist Health-Lexington Education Center, 1720 Nicholasville Rd. (Building E, lower level), FREE, only for those delivering at Baptist HealthLexington, registration not required. Call (859)260-6357 or (859)260-4354 for questions regarding classes.

January 13, 21, 23, and 25 Living Healthy with High Blood Pressure

Living Healthy with High Blood Pressure is an educational session for people who have been diagnosed with hypertension or high blood pressure. Participants of this supplementary High Blood Pressure session will learn how to better manage their condition. Topics covered during the workshop include: What is High Blood Pressure, Problems with Salt/Sodium, Intake Knowing Your Numbers. This session will be offered on Wednesday, January 13 from 10am-12:30p; Thursday, January 21 from 5:30-8pm; Saturday, January 23 from 10am – 12:30p; and Monday, January 25 from 2-4:30pm at

EVENTS Continued on page 29

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ONGOING EVENTS Bluegrass Ovarian Cancer Support

Exists to assist Central Kentucky women and their loved ones during diagnosis, treatment and survival of ovarian and other gynecological cancers. Come meet with us the third Wednesday of every month at 6:30pm at Joseph Beth Booksellers, Bronte Bistro Cafe meeting room.

Perinatal Loss Grief Group

First Tuesday of the month, 7pm, Center for Grief and Education. A group for parents who have experienced loss due to miscarriage, stillbirth or infant death. Contact Debbie Mueller at (859) 260-6904 for more information.

Compassionate Friends Support Group

A support group for parents, siblings, or grandparents who have lost a child regardless of the child’s age or length of time that has passed since that day. The meeting is the 1st Tuesday of every month 6:30pm–8:30pm at Hospice of the Bluegrass, 2321 Alexandria Drive, Lexington. Also meets the 1st Tuesday of every month 7pm-9pm at Hospice East, 417 Shoppers Drive, Winchester. Doors open one-half hour before meeting times to provide the opportunity to visit with old friends and acknowledge new ones.

Spouse Loss Support Group

Tuesdays 6-7:30pm. Hospice of the Bluegrass. A five-week support group for individuals who have experienced the loss of a spouse or significant other. Contact Lexington office at (859) 2772700 for more information or to register.

Coping After Loss

First Wednesday of the month, 5:307pm, Center for Grief and Education. A brief educational program offering an introduction to grief information and hospice bereavement services. Contact the Lexington office at (859) 277-2700 for more information or to register.

Free Transportation to Cancer Screening

Fayette County residents can receive free transportation through HealthLink Transit, a partnership between Kentucky Pink Connection & the Lexington--Fayette Urban County Government. Transportation provided by taxi or gas cards to cancer screening. Call (859) 309-1700 to arrange a ride.

2nd Chance Ambassadors

Lexington: a support/volunteer group comprised of organ transplantation recipients, donor family members, those on the waiting list and community members interested in transplantation meets the 3rd Sunday of each month at Word of Hope Lutheran Church, located at the corner of Man O’War and Armstrong Mill Road.  Meetings begin at 4:30. For questions, please contact Charlotte Wong, Education Coordinator, Kentucky Organ Donor Affiliates Lexington office at (859) 278-3492 or toll free (800) 525-3456.

Center For Women’s Health Center Classes Held at Frankfort Regional Medical

Call Mediline at 502-226-1655 or toll-free 800-242-5662 to register or for more information. Classes include: • Prepared Childbirth • Baby Care For The Early Weeks • Breast Feeding Basics • “That’s My Baby” • Sibling Classes

Cancer Classes

The American Cancer Society offers women undergoing cancer treatments the opportunity to attend the Look Good... Feel Better workshop. This free workshop helps women deal with the appearancerelated side-effects of cancer treatment in a private setting. Each participant receives a complimentary custom cosmetic kit. The American Cancer Society offers Prostate Cancer Educational and Support Classes called Man to Man for men with prostate cancer. This is an educational and networking program that provides information about prostate cancer and treatments options. For more information about these classes, please call Kristy Young at 859-260-8285. For cancer information 24 hours a day, please call 1-800-ACS-2345 or go to www.cancer.org.

Survivors of Suicide

to have disabilities. All instructors certified through Yoga Alliance. For more information, visit www.grassrootsyoga.org.

ANAD Overcoming Eating Disorders Support Group

Free support group for people who want to improve their relationship with food and body image. Safe, comfortable place. Facilitated by Megan Roop, RYT, supervised by Tina Thompson, MS, RD, LD, Bluegrass Nutrition Counseling, sponsored by ANAD. Introduction meeting on October 3 from 7:15-8:30pm at Bliss Wellness Center, 2416 Sir Barton Way, Ste 125. 8 week session Oct 17Dec 5 from 7:15-8:30pm. Contact Megan Roop 561-779-0290 for details.

Diabetes CHATS

Nathaniel Mission Health Clinic CHAT: 1109 Versailles Road, Suite 400 from 4pm to 5:15pm the 4th Tuesday of each month. The Refuge Clinic: New Location, 2349 Richmond Road-Suite 220, Lexington, KY, 40502. 859-225-4325. Free. Sponsored by the Lexington-Fayette Co. Health Dept and UK Healthcare.

Free Cardio Classes

First & third Tuesday of the month, 6-7:30pm, Center for Grief and Education. For adults affected by the loss of someone by suicide. Contact the Lexington office at (859) 277-2700 for more information or to register.

9-10am. Every Saturday morning in the month of February at Body Structure Medical Fitness Facility, 2600 Gribbin Drive, Lexington. This class will increase your heart rate and respiration while using large muscle groups repetitively and rhythmically to create a great workout. (859) 268-8190.

Bosom Buddies

Taoist Tai Chi Society

A support group designed to meet the ongoing needs of women with breast cancer. The purpose of Bosom Buddies is to create a safe and comfortable environment in which women diagnosed with breast cancer can receive information and emotional support during and after treatment. Meets are the third Thursday of every month 6:00pm at the Frankfort Regional Hospital: Frankfort Medical Pavilion, Conference Room C. 279 King’s Daughters Drive, Frankfort, KY.

BRCC Volunteer Opportunities

The Bluegrass Rape Crisis Center provides a 24-hour crisis line, hospital and court advocacy, crisis intervention counseling, long-term therapy, and information and community referral to victims of sexual assault as well as family members and friends. Volunteers at BRCC have the unique opportunity to provide valuable direct services to those impacted by sexual assault. Volunteer opportunities: Crisis Line Volunteer, Medical/Legal Advocate. For more information, please call: (859) 253-2615.

Stop Smoking Class Series

5:30-6:30, weekly until April 17. Tates Creek Library, 3628 Walden Dr. Based on the Cooper-Clayton method. $10/week for 10 weeks covers the cost of nicotine replacement. Call 288-2457.

GrassRoots Yoga Classes

Chair yoga: 10:30–11:30am Tuesday and Thursday. Hatha Vinyasa Flow: 5:30– 6:30pm Thursday. Yoga Basics for Stress Relief: 5:30–6:30pm Friday. Partial proceeds from all yoga classes benefit the Latitude Artist Community for adults considered

We offer classes in Louisville and Lexington. All classes are led by nationally accredited volunteer instructors in a friendly and helpful environment. The meditative movements of taijiquan can reduce tension, increase flexibility and strength, and improve circulation and balance. To contact us, phone 502.614.6424 or e-mail kentucky@ taoist.org.

Consumer Support Groups (Individuals with a Mental Illness)

Every Sunday, 869 Sparta Court, Lexington. 2:30-4:00pm. 859-309-2856 for more info. NAMI Lexington is a local affiliate of NAMI, the “National Alliance on Mental Illness” we provide numerous support groups and recovery programs for families and Individuals living with mental illness.

Low-Impact Aerobics Classes

6-7pm and 7-8pm. William Wells Brown Community Center, 548 East Sixth Street, Lexington. Weekly until midMay. 2nd hour offers a variety of other movement classes, including boot camp and Yoga. Free and for adults age 18 and above. Sponsored in part by the Lexington-Fayette Co. Health Dept. and Lexington Parks and Recreation. For more information, contact Mark Johnson at (859) 288-2391.

Yoga • Meditation • Stress Reduction

The Yoga Health & Therapy Center offers daytime and evening Yoga classes with slow stretch, breathing awareness and relaxation training. Small classes provide personalized instruction. New

yoga students receive a series discount. Meditation classes and ongoing group practice sessions available for all levels. Stress-Reduction classes based on Yoga principles and practical skills also offered. Free parking provided for most classes. For information, please call 859-254-9529 or visit www.yogahealthcenter.org.

Mind Body Studio

The Mind Body Studio is a service of John A. Patterson MD, MSPH, FAAFP, Certified in family medicine, integrative medicine, mind body medicine and integral yoga, Dr. Patterson specializes in stress-related chronic disease and burnout prevention for caregivers and helping professionals. Mind body skills and lifestyle behaviors may help prevent and provide safe, effective and affordable relief of chronic conditions that are often poorly controlled by conventional medicine alone. Our integrative medicine consultations, group classes, workshops and coaching can help you meet your unique health and wellness needs through experiential education to help you mobilize your natural healing ability by integrating mind, body, spirit and our relationship to each other and the earth. Visit our website to schedule an appointment with Dr. Patterson or see a schedule of classes in yoga, mindfulness, meditation, Pilates, Nia, MELT, myofascial release and dance. “Mindful, empowered self care is the heart of healing” 517 Southland Drive, Lexington 859-373-0033. www.mindbodystudio.org.

Monthly Reiki Classes

Turn your hands into healing hands! Reiki is Universal Life Force Energy Learn to improve your mind, body, and spirit! Classes taught by Robert N.Fueston, Reiki Master/Teacher and Acupuncturist, 17 years of experience and Member of The Reiki Alliance. Approved for Continuing Education hours (CE hours) for Massage Therapist. CE’s for nurses pending. Register online at www.robertfueston.com. 859-595-2164.

Ongoing Journey Circle

This circle meets the 4th Sunday of every month and is for those who are experienced in the practice of journeying OR are interested in learning more about this ancient spiritual practice. Join us every month as we will be journeying on different topics that will be discussed at time of circle. Please feel free to bring drums, rattles etc. Questions or need directions or have questions? Please feel free to email/call me: 859-4922109,info@jennifershawcoaching.com

Overeaters Anonymous

Overeaters Anonymous (OA) is not a diet club. We do not count calories or have scales at meetings. OA is based on the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. There are no dues or fees. OA is self-supporting through member contributions. The only requirement for membership is the desire to stop eating compulsively. Please go to oalexingtonky.org for meeting dates and times. OR are interested in learning more about this ancie

January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net |

Antibiotic Resistance is Here Now Gene mutation poised to spread worldwide By Angela S. Hoover, Staff Writer There are already 15 different antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with three more rapidly evolving antibiotic resistance, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). A new gene mutation (mcr-1) in common bacteria easily transfers antibiotic resistance to other bacteria and has the potential to do so between different bacteria species. It’s just a matter of when – not if – this gene mutation spreads worldwide, according to several experts. Scientists in China accidentally made the discovery during routine testing of livestock animals for the food market. An E. coli strain (SHP45) from a pig showed resistance to the polymyxin-class antibiotic colistin. Lab tests demonstrated the plasmid easily transferred the mcr-1 gene into surrounding bacteria that did not have polymyxin resistance. Fortunately, the plasmid had a harder time moving between different bacterial species. The researchers could only achieve cross-species transference of

mcr-1 via electroporation (using electrical pulse to make cell membranes more permeable). This suggests the plasmid may not easily move between species naturally. Their findings were published in the journal Lancet Infectious Diseases. Here are some key points about antibiotic resistance: • Colistin, which has been around since 1959, is a last-resort drug because it is toxic to the kidneys. Antibiotic resistance had already been seen in colistin, but only in genes embedded in the bacterial genomes. Therefore, it only effected an individual bacteria. • This recent mutation of the mcr-1 gene is on the plasmids. Plasmids are on several common bacteria, including E. coli. Bacteria can make copies of plasmids and share them with whatever bacteria happens to be nearby. Such plasmid transference has been observed before with other bacteria and other classes of antibiotics, but

never before in polymyxins. This is why polymyxins were the last fully functioning class of antibiotics. • The mcr-1 gene is widespread in Enterobacteriaceae bacteria that is carried by pigs and people in south China. Enterobacteriaceae can cause a range of diseases, including pneumonia and serious blood infections. • Some bacteria strains with this gene have epidemic potential. This resistance moving between bacteria is likely not isolated to China. Chinese researchers and other scientists believe this recent mutation is due to the use of colistin in agriculture. Colistin is heavily used in livestock feed in Asia. It used in the United States and Europe to a much lesser extent. • If plasmids containing mcr-1 spread to multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains, they would become truly “pandrug resistant” and result in untreatable infections. Until a few years ago, carbapenumclass antibiotics were considered the last line of defense for treating complex hospital infections of E. coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and other similar gut bacteria. Then several different resistance factors such as NDM, OXA and KPC began cropping up worldwide, making these bacteria carbapenum-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs). At this point, colistin was truly all that was left, so it was reintroduced, despite its toxicity to kidneys. Ever since, colistin use has increased in agriculture, primarily because it is an affordable addition to feed to make animals gain muscle mass faster and

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protect them from the conditions of intensive farming. China is the most prevalent agricultural user of colistin, but global demand for the drug is expected to reach 11,942 tons per annum by the end of 2015, increasing to 16,500 tons by 2021. In the Lancet Infectious Diseases journal in which the Chinese results were published, David Paterson and Patrick Harris from the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, called for limited colistin use in agriculture or to stop using it altogether. “This will require substantial political will, and we call upon Chinese leaders to act rapidly and decisively. Failure to do so will create a public health problem of major dimensions,” they wrote. When drug resistance develops in one part of the world, it tends to quickly spread, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and other experts. At the WHO’s annual meeting in Geneva last May, representatives from 194 countries approved a new global plan to address antibacterial- and antimicrobial-resistance by putting a system in place by 2017 to monitor drug resistance. The plan also calls for a reduction in the use and misuse of antibiotics in agriculture and health care, as well as more investment toward new drugs. Drug resistance and its grave consequences are the biggest health threats of the 21st century, said Keiji Fukuda, assistant director-general for health security at WHO. This is not just a problem in developing countries but also in the United States and Europe. In Europe alone, 25,000 people die annually from infections that used to be treatable with antibiotics. “We are seeing the same patterns of resistance basically occur everywhere,” Fukuda said. “People are going to find it much more dangerous to have surgery. If you have cancer or diabetes and you’re more susceptible to infections, it means you’re going to have a much smaller safety net.” Some forms of Staphylococcus infections acquired at hospitals have already become nearly impossible to cure, and the pathogens for malaria and tuberculosis are quickly evolving to be resistant to treatment as well. India has the highest rate of antibioticresistant tuberculosis due to the country’s unregulated use of medicines. In several countries, gonorrhea is essentially untreatable by any available antibiotics. Malaria has been drugresistant in Cambodia since 2008, and despite efforts to contain this strain to the region, it has spread throughout Southeast Asia since at least 2014. Researchers continue to monitor Africa and India for incidences of drug-resistant malaria.

For advertising information visit www.samplerpublications.com or call 859.225.4466 | January 2016 EVENTS continued from P. 26 the Lexington Public Library; Beaumont Branch; 3080 Fieldstone Way. Please contact Lydia Jacobs at the Bluegrass Area Agency on Aging and Independent Living at 859-269-8021 or ljacobs@ bgadd.org with questions.

January 12

Free Educational Workshop: Vision Therapy

Educational Workshop to show how vision therapy can improve, enhance and develop visual performance by teaching the visual system (eyes, brain, body) to correct itself. 6:45pm – 7:30pm. Hosted by Dr. Rick Graebe at the Children’s Vision and Learning Center, 105 Crossfield Drive, Versailles, KY 40383. Free; no registration required. 859-879-0089 for additional information.

January 15

The Basics: Memory Loss, Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

If you have a loved one who is newly diagnosed, or if you just want to learn more about Alzheimer’s disease, this program is for you. This presentation will explore what everyone should know about memory loss issues and what they mean for all of us. The program will take place at the Nicholasville Extension Office, 95 Park Drive, on January 15th from 10-11 am. To register for this program, please call 1-800-272-3900. Registration is required.

January 21

Dementia Conversations

This program shares tips for breaking the ice and having difficult conversations around some of the most common issues that arise when someone shows signs of Alzheimer’s or dementia. Issues such as doctor visits, deciding when to stop driving, planning for the future and building a care team that works and communicates well are discussed. Learning how to approach these conversations will help to reduce some of the stress that can accompany the process of addressing a disease like Alzheimer’s. To register, call the Alzheimer’s Association’s 24/7 Helpline at 1-800-272-3900. Time: 10:30AM11:30AM. Location: Madison County Senior Center, 1215 West Main Street, Richmond.

January 24

An Afternoon of Mindfulness, Meditation and Deep Rest

The goals of this afternoon retreat are toSlow down, relax the body, quiet the mind and open the heart, prevent burnout from work and caretaker stress, mobilize your inner resources for healing, learn non-drug approaches for managing stress-related chronic conditions, and cultivate your innate happiness, peacefulness and compassion. Facilitator: John A. Patterson MD, MSPH, FAAFP, Mind Body Studio 517A

Southland Drive Lexington KY 859-3730033. Pre-registration required. Cost: $20-$40 sliding scale Full details at http://www.mindbodystudio.org/?page_id=1117

January 26

Reiki Introduction & Practice

6:30pm- 8:30pm. 2508 Wallace Avenue, Louisville, KY 40205. Free. Those who do have not Reiki training—come for an introduction & to experience it. No experience required. Those with Reiki come to receive the Reiki energy & practice on others. Free reattunement to your last level of Usui or Karuna Reiki® upon request if you have your certificate. Contact JoAnn Utley at 502-777-3865 or jutley5122@bellsouth.net to register. More info at http://joannutley.byregion. net

Send us your event listings If you are hosting a health-related event that is free to the public, list it here for FREE! (Events that are not free to the public can be posted in our calendar for $35). E-mail your event date, location, description and contact information to: graphics@samplerpublications.com

January 26

Health Chats about Diabetes 4-5 pm, Nathaniel Mission, 1109 Versailles Rd, Suite 400. Free. Sponsored by the Lexington-Fayette Co. Health Dept.. For more information, call (859) 288-2446.

February 5

The 2016 Central Kentucky Heart Ball Presented by White, Greer & Maggard Orthodontics

American Heart Association is having their annual Heart Ball; this year they honor Laura Bell Bundy. Silent and live auction. Tickets are $300. Contact Mike Turner, Special Events Director, 859-3176878, mike.turner@heart.org for more information.

February 8, 18, 23, and 26 Living Healthy with High Blood Pressure

Living Healthy with High Blood Pressure is an educational session for people who have been diagnosed with hypertension or high blood pressure. Participants of this supplementary High Blood Pressure session will learn how to better manage their condition. Topics covered during the workshop include: What is High Blood Pressure, Problems with Salt/ Sodium, Intake Knowing Your Numbers. This session will be offered on Monday, February 8 from 10am – 12:30p; Thursday, February 18 from 2:00p – 4:30p; Tuesday, February 23 from 5:00-7:00pm; and Friday, February 26 from 3:005:30p at the Lexington Public Library; Beaumont Branch; 3080 Fieldstone Way. Please contact Lydia Jacobs at the Bluegrass Area Agency on Aging and Independent Living at 859-269-8021 or ljacobs@bgadd.org with questions.

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January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net |

Dog Separation Anxiety

Common Pet Behavioral Problems How to handle aggression, anxiety, other difficulties By Dr. Addie Reinhard, Veterinarian, Village Animal Hospital common pet behavioral problems by giving you techniques to practice in dealing with your pet’s problem and can help you decide when the time is right to start behavior-modifying medications. This article will discuss aggression, separation anxiety

and thunderstorm phobia in dogs and inappropriate elimination and scratching in cats.

Dog Aggression

Aggression is a common behavioral problem in dogs. Signs of aggression

Working with animals requires patience, understanding, and, above all, compassion; both for the animal and for their owners

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1801 Alexandria Dr., Suite 180 • Lexington, KY 40504

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may include growling, showing teeth, nipping, lunging, mouthing or biting. Dogs can display many different types of aggression. They can have aggression because they are afraid of something; this is called fear aggression. They can have territorial aggression when they are protecting their home turf. They can have possessive aggression when they are protecting their resources, for example, dog bones, toys or food bowls. They may also show aggression if they are in pain or when they are being protective, defensive or predatory. It is always important to rule out medical causes of aggression first and work closely with your veterinarian to help your pet’s aggression problems. After ruling out medical causes, a veterinarian may then refer you to a dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist to continue working with you. A veterinarian may also prescribe behavior-modifying medications. Remember, all dogs and cats are required in Kentucky to be current on their rabies vaccine.

PET HEALTH

Dogs and cats can have mental illnesses just like people. Common behavioral problems in pets will be discussed in this article, including a few tips on how to help your pets cope with these problems. Your veterinarian can help you manage

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Have you ever come home after being gone to find things torn up around the house and poop and pee on the floor? Your dog may have separation anxiety. This means a dog gets anxious and nervous when you leave it alone. It may whine and bark, pace, destroy things and eliminate inside your home. Typically dogs with separation anxiety will begin to show signs of anxiety before you have even left the house. They will follow you around nervously, whine and pace when they start to notice you are getting ready to leave. Changes in your schedule, moving and adding or

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Your veterinarian can help you manage common pet behavioral problems. losing household members can sometimes trigger separation anxiety. If your dog shows any symptoms of separation anxiety, talk with your veterinarian about possible solutions. For mild separation anxiety, you may try the Adaptil collars, which is a dog pheromone that can relax your pet. Also, when you are leaving, you can give your pet a KONG stuffed with peanut butter or canned dog food to keep it busy. You can also try to get the dog used to your leaving home by doing the things that would normally make your dog nervous – pick up the keys, put on shoes, put on a jacket, etc. – but not actually leave. That way the dog does not associate those things with you leaving the house. For more severe anxiety, your pet may need to be on behavior-modifying medications. These will allow your pet to have decreased anxiety while you are absent. Do not punish dogs with separation anxiety when you get home and find the destruction. Their behavior was caused by stress and anxiety; it was not purposeful.

Dog Thunderstorm Phobia Dogs can also have anxiety caused by thunderstorms. A dog with thunderstorm phobia may hide, shake, panic, whine, bark and pace during a thunderstorm. Typically a dog will hear thunder, see flashes of lighting or sense changes in pressure, and this will trigger the anxiety. If your dog has thunderstorm phobia, it is important to visit your veterinarian so he or she can give you tips and techniques to help your pet. Your pet may also need anti-anxiety medication, which can usually be given an hour before a storm to help calm it. You can try things such Adaptil, dog pheromones or thunder shirts.

For this reason, all the staff at Village Animal Hospital have a common bond: a daily goal to give our clients and their pets the most up-to-date and best possible medical care

These products work for some dogs but not for others. During a storm, try to provide white noise such as a sound machine or fan. You can also try turning up the TV loudly or playing music to try to lessen the sound of the thunderstorm for your dog.

Feline Inappropriate Urination Litter box problems are some of the most common behavioral reasons cats are relinquished to shelters every year. It is important to visit your veterinarian as soon as your cat begins having this problem because there are several medical causes for urinating and defecating outside the litter box. Your veterinarian will run lab tests ,including blood work, take a urine sample and possibly even perform an X-ray to make sure your cat does not have any underlying medical problems. After medical causes are ruled out, we then approach it as a behavioral problem. It is important to provide one litter box per cat in the household, plus an extra one. Some cats prefer uncovered litter boxes to covered litter boxes. Make sure the litter box is large enough for your cat to comfortably stand in. Cats also do not like to feel cornered in their litter box, so it’s best to have it in a place where they can see around them rather than putting it in a closet. Cats like their litter boxes to be in a quiet area of the home. If there are multiple levels to your house, you should have one litter box on each floor. Most cats prefer clay clumping litter. Also, make sure you are scooping the litter box daily. All these things can help a cat enjoy its litter box experience. It is also important to clean the area your cat has urinated on so it does not get attracted to that area again. Enzymatic cleaners work well (anti-icky poo

• Wellness Care Plans • Routine Medical Care • Vaccinations • Holistic Care Services • Ultrasound

Each one of our staff is committed to this goal, making Village Animal Hospital a wonderful environment to work in

• Radiology • In-House Laboratory • Surgical • Dental

is a great enzymatic cleaner to use). Another thing you can try is pheromone diffusers and collars (Feliway).

Scratching in Cats

Scratching is a very normal behavior for cats. It is very frustrating, though, when cats begin to scratch the rugs and furniture and begin destroying things with their claws. It is important when dealing with this problem to provide your cat with multiple places where they are allowed to scratch. Redirect the scratching to these areas. You can provide a variety of surfaces for the cat, including carpet, wood, sisal rope, cardboard and upholstery. You can put catnip on the scratching posts to entice the cat to use them. To discourage scratching on couches, you can try placing plastic or double-sided sticky tape on those areas. It is also important to do regular nail trims on your cats. If your pet has a behavioral problem, visit your veterinarian for tips and suggestions to help it. Currently, Village Animal Hospital in Lexington, KY, is accepting new clients, and the first physical examination is complimentary. Sources: ASPCA, Separation Anxiety. https:// www.aspca.org/pet-care/dog-care/commondog-behavior-issues/separation-anxiety ASPCA, Aggression. https://www.aspca. org/pet-care/dog-care/common-dog-behavior-issues/aggression ASPCA, Litter Box Problems. https:// www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/commoncat-behavior-issues/litter-box-problems ASPCA, Destructive Scratching. https:// www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/commoncat-behavior-issues/destructive-scratching

• House Calls • Hospice • Euthanasia • Other services also provided

We hope you will feel this commitment from us when you visit, and come to trust us with all of your pet care needs!

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FOOD

January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net |

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A TREASURE WAITING FOR YOU TO DISCOVER By Tanya Tyler, Editor/Writer It’s a new year, so why not make a resolution to try some new, different foods? Mangosteen, I will admit, may be hard to find, but it’s certainly worth the search. It is juicy, sweet and sour all at the same time. Its exterior is purple and its interior is white and segmented like an orange. Some refer to it as the “queen of tropical fruit” because of an apocryphal story that says Queen Victoria offered a reward of 100 pounds sterling to anyone who could bring her some fresh mangosteen. Mangosteen is native to Indonesia. It has been cultivated there since at least the 15th century. It was brought to England in the 19th century and has since found a foothold in the West Indies and Central America. Until 2007, it was illegal to import mangosteens into the United States because of the threat of the Asian fruit fly. (Almost all imports of the

Mangosteen has a wonderful list of essential nutrients.

Mangosteen fruit come from Thailand, the largest producer of mangosteens.) You can probably find mangosteen in Asian markets. Interestingly enough, according to www.mangosteen.com, mangosteen trees are dioecious, meaning there are male trees and female trees. The problem is, no one has been able to find a male mangosteen tree anywhere in the world! No males means no pollen, even though the female flower contains rudimentary sterile anthers where pollen would normally be found. The Web site continues: “Without pollen, the female flower cannot be fertilized to create true seeds with variable genetic traits. Instead, female mangosteen trees perpetuate the species by a process known as apomixis or agamospermy. The wall lining the ovary of the female flower supplies the material that develops within the fruit segments and becomes what is effectively an asexually produced seed.” Mangosteen has a won-

derful list of essential nutrients, including potassium, B-complex vitamins such as thiamin, niacin and folates and minerals such as copper, manganese and magnesium. It is low in calories and has no saturated fats or cholesterol. It has plenty of dietary fiber and vitamin C. Mangosteen could be a new weapon in the fight against cancer. Xanthones, a powerful antioxidant, is almost exclusively found in mangosteen. New research suggests xanthones have properties that fight pain, allergies, infections, skin disorders and fatigue while supporting intestinal health. Some sources purport xanthones actually kill cancer cells. According to Food Facts (www.foodfacts.mercola.com), mangosteens have been used in numerous anti-cancer studies with positive results. One study showed mangosteens can significantly slow the growth of cancerous colorectal tumors. Another indicated the fruit

has the potential to slow prostate cancer. Mangosteen extracts inhibited the growth of skin cancer cells in another study. An additional study concluded mangosteen could eventually prove “chemopreventive,” or prevent the need for chemotherapy. The fruit, juice, rind, twig and bark of mangosteen have been used in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia to treat skin infections, dysentery, osteoarthritis and urinary tract infections. Its leaves are also used to make tea. Mangosteen aficionados say the fruit helps improve mental health, which, ironically enough, is the theme of this issue of Health and Wellness.

January 2016

FOOD BITES

By Angela S. Hoover, Staff Writer

Night Milk Has More Tryptophan

Cow milk expelled at night contains a higher level of sleep-promoting compounds. South Korean researchers tested milk drawn during the day and night. Night milk showed 24 percent more tryptophan and nearly 10 times the amount of melatonin than milk drawn during the day. The researchers’ lab mice showed night milk “shortened sleep onset and prolonged sleep duration.” The mice who had night milk showed reduced anxiety; their behavior was akin to mice who had been administered the anti-anxiety drug diazepam. The results were published in the Journal of Medicinal Food. In South Korea, a night-milk powder product called iNdream3, made by Synlait, was found to reduce the time to onset sleep and increased the deepest phase of sleep in humans. A German company offers a crystallized product called Nachtmilchkristalle.

Stomach Protein May Be Cause of Gluten Sensitivity

A reaction to gluten in people who don’t have celiac disease may be caused by high levels of the stomach protein zonulin. Zonulin normally regulates the gut by flushing out dangerous bacteria (from food poisoning, for example), but it appears gluten can trigger zonulin in some individuals. The study by Giovanni Barbara, M.D., and his team at the University of Bologna in Italy found more than just high zonulin levels. “In our study, gluten-sensitive individuals who responded to a glutenfree diet had a genetic disposition to celiac disease,” wrote Barbara. “They had no evidence of celiac, but they did have the vulnerable genes that puts a person at risk of celiac.” The study was presented at the 23rd United European Gastroenterology Week in Barcelona this December.

New Dietary Guidelines Soon to Be Announced

U.S. food guidelines are updated every five years, and they affect everything from school lunch menus and government agricultural subsidies to aid programs for low-income families and research priorities at health agencies. The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee is recommending Americans watch their intake of all meats, including lean options such as chicken. It is expected the committee will no longer recommend limiting cholesterol intake, but the new guidelines will likely recommend a drastic reduction in sugar. The committee recommends four to nine teaspoons of sugar per day, depending on one’s body mass index. To put this in perspective, an 8-ounce cup of low-fat strawberry yogurt has 6 teaspoons of sugar, and the average American consumes as much as 30 teaspoons of sugar a day.

Drop Your Nutella Knife – Now There’s Chocolate Slices

A Japanese company, Bourbon, has created chocolate slices that are individually wrapped, just like cheese

slices. These slices can be put in crepes and cakes, on crackers and bread, in between pancake stacks, wrapped around strawberries and so on. Outside of Japan they are available online, but only in a bulk order of at least a dozen five-slice packs for $27 (3,240 yen).

One Cup of Coffee to Keep You Caffeinated All Day

Nestlé scientists in Switzerland are working on a new coffee with slowreleasing caffeine. Copying pharmaceutical methods of using cubosomes, lipid molecules and water, Nestlé wants to create a coffee that releases caffeine in a controlled manner – slowly, throughout the day – instead of all at once.

Smart Cap Can Replace the Sniff Test for Spoiled Milk Right now, all we have are our noses to determine if milk is sour. But researchers at the University of California, Berkley and the National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan are

FOOD Continued on Page 45

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Sleepless Nights

Insomnia troubles everyone now and then By Jamie Lober, Staff Writer

Everyone has likely experienced insomnia at some point in their life. “The main symptom of insomnia is trouble falling and/or staying asleep, which often leads to lack of sleep,” said Dr. Neil Kline, DO. This creates troubling side effects. “The lack of sleep can cause other symptoms, such as waking up feeling tired or not well rested; feeling tired or very sleepy during the day; having trouble focusing on tasks; or feeling anxious, depressed or irritable,” Kline said. Insomnia has also been shown to trigger or worsen depression. The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) lists various causes of insomnia, including psychiatric and medical conditions such as arthritis, nasal or sinus allergies or asthma, unhealthy sleep habits, specific substances and/ or certain biological factors. “About 30 to 40 percent of adults

report symptoms of insomnia, and the majority of these cases are shortlived,” said Kline. All insomnia is not the same. The NSF says acute insomnia is brief and often happens because of life circumstances. Chronic insomnia is disrupted sleep that occurs at least three nights per week and lasts at least three months. It is important to be able to distinguish a normal temporary sleep problem from something more serious that requires treatment; this is why the duration of the event must be considered. The National Institute of Health (NIH) found more women are affected than men, and insomnia can occur at any age, though it is more likely to occur in older adults. The NIH says people at higher risk for insomnia have a lot of stress; are depressed or have emotional distress; have lower incomes; work at night

or have frequent major shifts in their hours; travel long distances with time changes; have certain medical conditions or sleep disorders that can disrupt sleep; or have an inactive lifestyle. The best thing you can do to battle insomnia is to concentrate on sleep hygiene. It starts with having a routine that involves going to bed at the same time and waking up at the same time every day, even on the weekend, as well as avoiding naps. “Each of us needs a certain amount of sleep per 24-hour period, and when we take naps, it decreases the amount of sleep that we need the next night,” said Kline. Ideally, if you have insomnia, you do not want to stay in bed awake for more than five to 10 minutes. You should not read or watch television in bed because you will associate your bed with wakefulness. Create a pleasant atmosphere that includes setting the thermostat at a comfortable temperature, preferably cooler, and keeping the room dark. Make sure your mattress is comfortable as well. Lifestyle choices make a difference in the fight against insomnia. “The effects of caffeine may last for several hours after ingestion and can cause difficulty initiating sleep, so if you drink caffeine, use it only before noon,” said Kline. Remember, soda and tea contain caffeine as well.

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Other substances will likely affect your sleep, too. “Cigarettes, alcohol and over-the-counter medications may cause fragmented sleep,” Kline said. Exercising regularly can be helpful, but it should be done before 2 p.m. if possible. “Avoid rigorous exercise before bedtime because it circulates endorphins into the body, which may cause difficulty initiating sleep,” Kline said. Some people have a regimen they do each night before bed, such as taking a warm bath or shower, doing meditation or having quiet time. If symptoms of insomnia last more than a few weeks, consult your doctor. Keeping a sleep log and bringing it with you to your appointment can also provide insight, especially if you document how sleepy you feel at different times of the day. You may undergo a blood test to rule out a thyroid or other medical problem. You may do an overnight sleep study so your doctor can create an appropriate and individualized treatment plan. Relaxation techniques and biofeedback can help control anxiety so you can fall asleep and stay asleep. Prescription medicines are available for both short-term and longer-term use; be sure to weigh the benefits and risks of those with your doctor.

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Peppy One Day, Down the Next:

Signs of a Mood Disorder By Jean Jeffers, Staff Writer Have you ever encountered someone who is happy, excited and delighted one day, and the next day he is down, sad, unable to do much and has trouble connecting with others? This individual may have a mood disorder. Many of us have what we call a “down” day when we are blue. A person with a mood disorder may experience something more intense than what the ordinary person calls a “down” day. Dr. Rajnish Mago, director of the Mood Disorders Program at Thomas Jefferson University and professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College in Philadelphia, Pa., says mood disorders are a form of mental illness, not only marked by mood swings but by symptoms influencing different aspects of the personality. Mago says

the common symptoms of mood disorder include: • prolonged sadness or crying spells; • significant changes in appetite and sleep; • irritability, anger, worry, agitation and anxiety; • pessimism and indifference; • loss of energy and persistent lethargy; • feelings of guilt and worthlessness; • an inability to concentrate and indecisiveness; • an inability to enjoy life or activities once enjoyed; and • persistent thoughts of death or suicide. The person with a mood disorder may have difficulty holding a job or going to school. The disease may even prevent their getting out of bed.

The two main types of mood disorders, according to Mago, are major depression and bipolar disorder. Other types of mood disorder are dysthymia, a milder form of depression than major depression, and cyclothymia, characterized by milder symptoms than those seen with bipolar disorder. Schizo-affective disorder has some aspect of mood involvement mixed with schizophrenic symptoms. Major depression is a treatable illness characterized by symptoms of sadness and loss of interest in activities. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) defines major depression disorder as a medical illness that affects how you feel, think and behave. This condition, the APA warns, may lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Depression is different than grief. Prolonged grief may trigger depression and make it worse. Treatment for major depression is necessary and includes psychotherapy, medications (usually in the form of anti-depressants) and sometimes participation in a support group. A person with depression may have to try several meds before finding one that works effectively, and then the patient may need to try it for six to eight weeks to feel its full effect. Bipolar disorder (previously known as manic-depressive disor-

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About the Author Jean is a staff writer for Health & Wellness Magazine and is completing a novel due to be published in 2016.

Major depression is a treatable illness.

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der) is another main type of mood disorder and is fairly common. This condition is marked by extreme changes in mood, thoughts, energy and behavior. The mood can alternate between manic (high, elevated) and depression (low, lethargic). This depression is not to be confused with major depression. Symptoms may be the same or similar, but treatment is different. Treatment for bipolar disorder includes use of drugs known as mood stabilizers, such as Lithium. Sometimes anti-psychotic drugs are also used; the newer ones, Mago says, contain mood-stabilizing properties. Psychotherapy is sometimes offered, but the most important thing for the patient to do is faithfully take the drugs prescribed.

January 2016 | Read this issue and more at www.healthandwellnessmagazine.net |

January is Glaucoma Awareness Month Disease is second leading cause of blindness in the United States By Jamie Lober, Staff Writer According to the American Optometric Association (www.aoa. org), glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the United States, most often occurring in people over age 40. “Glaucoma is a disease typically of high intraocular pressure,” said Dr. Sheila Sanders, director of glaucoma services at the University of Kentucky Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. “In time it will cause nerve damage, which can create blind spots in the vision.” The trouble with glaucoma is that many people may be unaware they have the condition. “It is usually silent because most people cannot tell their pressures are elevated,” said Saunders. “It happens so gradually that you do not feel different, but you can have damage.” Not everyone with high eye pressure will develop glaucoma, and there are people with normal eye pressure who develop glaucoma. This is why

it is important to visit an eye doctor regularly to have your vision evaluated. “Glaucoma typically happens in the peripheral vision,” said Saunders. “People will think they can see fine, drive fine and read fine print, but they are losing vision on the side and do not realize it until it is advanced.” The Glaucoma Research Foundation (www.glaucoma.org) says 90 percent of glaucoma cases are open-angle glaucoma, also known as primary or chronic glaucoma, in which the patient has a wide and open angle between the iris and cornea. Acute or narrow-angle glaucoma happens when the angle between the iris and cornea closes. The foundation urges people to get their eyes checked every two to four years if they are under age 40. Those above age 65 should have an eye examination every six to 12 months. Some people are more susceptible to glaucoma than others. “The

people at higher risk are people who are African American over the age of 40 and Caucasians who are over the age of 60,” said Saunders. Glaucoma tends to be genetic. Some studies show heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure can increase glaucoma risk. “There is no prevention other than a good, healthy lifestyle,” said Saunders. Diagnosis is fairly straightforward. “The main thing we check is the way the optic nerve looks,” said Saunders. Different kinds of testing can be performed, such as taking images of the optic nerve or using visual field tests to check peripheral vision. Once you are diagnosed, glaucoma can be stabilized, though it will not disappear completely. “It is something that will always need to be checked, but most people if treated properly will not go blind,” said Saunders. “Sometimes the treatment needs to

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be adjusted over time, and because glaucoma is a chronic disease, you have to continue to follow and manage it.” There are several treatments for glaucoma. “The mainstay of therapy is eye-drop treatment, but there are also laser treatments and minimally invasive surgical options,” said Saunders. The medications seek to reduce the elevated intraocular pressure; surgical procedures have the same goal. Laser surgery can help drain fluid out of the eye. The Glaucoma Research Foundation has funded the Biomarker Initiative, which is trying to accelerate the pace of discovery toward better treatments and, ultimately, a cure for glaucoma. Several instruments for imaging the retina non-invasively will be used to measure and test these new biomarkers.

The trouble with glaucoma is that many people may be unaware they have the condition.

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Benefits of Counseling

Many people respond to therapy for problems of all types By Jamie Lober, Staff Writer People of all ages are taking advantage of local counseling services. “People come to us for a variety of reasons, including academic stress, the transition into college and figuring out how to prepare for their classes,” said Dr. Megan Marks, senior staff psychologist and outreach coordinator at the University of Kentucky Counseling Center. “[They come] for personal reasons, like transitioning away from home or families, which for some is actually a good thing if they have a difficult home life. Or they may be coming to discuss relationship issues.” Other reasons people seek counseling include depression, anxiety and serious mental health concerns. “Anxiety is actually the No.

1 concern among college students currently,” Marks said. Who is a good candidate for counseling? “Counseling is for folks who have started to notice they are not feeling like themselves, or maybe some specific incidence happened in their lives that is impacting either their personal relationships, work or academic life,” said Marks. “It takes strength and courage to come in for therapy. I want folks to know therapy is effective. We can help people feel better, and they do not have to suffer alone.” The center offers individual as well as group counseling. “Group services are eight-week programs that use a lot of the tenets of acceptance and com-

mitment therapy,” Marks said. “We have a lot of relaxation workshops to help with anxiety and a cognitive behavioral therapy to help people understand the root of their anxiety, whether it is generalized or social. Then we help them cope.” Stress is a reality in everyone’s life, and there is no shame in getting help to deal with it. “A lot of folks feel ashamed if they think they cannot handle a life stressor, whether it is a relationship ending or the loss of a loved one,” said Marks. “One way to counteract shame is to talk about what is going on, so having a therapist that can help you navigate and problem solve can help with reducing shame.” It is essential to find the format that makes you feel the most comfortable. “Group therapy can be really helpful for understanding [you] are not the only one going through these concerns,” Marks said. “It will help normalize what people are going through. Therapy can help people get an understanding of their behavioral and mental health and the roots of their symptoms.” People also learn to identify and work with their triggers and stressors, finding strength, resilience and new coping skills. Everyone can benefit from counseling. “People worry their problems are too small or too big for the counseling center or if their problem can

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be helped with counseling,” Marks said. “Most people who engage in therapy will experience benefits within about six sessions and then feel they are okay without therapy.” Therapy is advantageous for overall wellbeing. “We can help folks find balance and sleep and we can help with overall personal health,” Marks said. “Therapy often leads to a reduction in their symptoms.” Issues change at different points in people’s lives. “In marriages, money, sex and in-laws tend to be some of the common areas of conflict,” Marks said. “With students it is more about values and communication patterns.” For optimum mental health, you want to be mindful of your lifestyle choices and keep balance in your life. “How we take care of our bodies impacts general mental health,” Marks said. “For instance, sleep allows us to cope with everyday life stressors better. Through exercising, endorphins help overall mood. Play and laughter are important to help us connect with others.” All services at the center are confidential unless clients indicate they are at eminent risk of hurting themselves or others. For more information, call (859) 257-8701.

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Could Depression Be Caused by an Infection or Inflammation? Researchers still trying to prove connection By Angela S. Hoover, Staff Writer In the beginning of the 20th century, it was proposed that psychiatric illness was the result of chronic infection. Adolph Meyer of John Hopkins Medical School popularized and taught this theory. Around 1907, one of his former students, Henry Cotton, began extracting his patients’ teeth, tonsils, testicles, ovaries and even colons at the New Jersey State Hospital for the Insane in an effort to cure them. Though not well known today, Cotton gained prestige and accolades in his day. His 1921 book, “The Defective Delinquent and Insane: The Relation of Focal Infections to Their Causation, Treatment and Prevention,” was well received by “eminent physicians and surgeons,” according to The New York Times. Cotton went on to run a successful private practice for the high society circles in Trenton, N.J. But after his death in 1933, interest in his cures dissipated, due to his patients’ mortality rates only being around 45 percent. And while it is likely his barbaric treatments did no more than disfigure and further traumatize his patients, there just may be something to the belief that infection – and with it, inflammation – may be involved in some forms of mental illness. A paper published in the journal Biology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders late last year asserted depression should be thought of as an infectious disease. “Depressed patients act physically sick,” Turhan Canli wrote. “They’re tired; they lose their appetite; they don’t want to get out of bed. The idea that depression is caused simply by changes in serotonin is not panning out. We need to think about other possible causes and treatments for psychiatric disorders.” Canli noted how certain infections of the brain, most notably Toxoplasma gondii, can result in emotional disturbances that mimic psychiatric conditions. He also said numerous pathogens have been associated with mental illnesses, such as Borna disease virus, Epstein-Barr and certain strains of herpes, including varicella zoster, the virus that causes chicken pox and shingles. Canli believes the pathogens acting directly on the brain may result in psychiatric

symptoms and also that autoimmune activity triggered by infection may also contribute. In a Danish study published in an issue of JAMA Psychiatry in 2013, researchers studied the medical records of more than 3 million people. They found those with a history of hospitalization for infection had a 62-percent increased risk of later developing a mood disorder, including depression and bipolar disorder. The study also reported a past history of an autoimmune disorder increased the risk of a future disorder by 45 percent. The Antibodies of the Immune System Autoantibodies were first reported in schizophrenic patients in the 1930s. Further research has detected antibodies with various neurotransmitter receptors in the brains of psychiatric patients, and a number of brain disorders, including multiple sclerosis, are known to involve abnormal immune system activity. Researchers at the University of Virginia recently identified a previously unknown network of vessels directly connecting the brain with the immune system. They concluded the relationship between the two could significantly contribute to certain neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Infection and autoimmune activity result in inflammation, and multiple studies have linked depression with elevated inflammation markers. However, to date, the research only finds associations and does not yet prove cause and effect between inflammation and mental health. The “immune-inflammatory system” is at the core of mental illness, and psychiatric disorders may be an unfortunate cost of our powerful immune defenses, says Dr. Roger McIntyre, a professor of psychiatry and pharmacology at the University of Toronto. “Our immune-inflammatory system doesn’t distinguish between what’s provoking it,” McIntyre said. Stressors of any kind – physical or sexual abuse, sleep deprivation, grief, etc. – can activate the immune system’s response.

“For reasons other than fighting infection, our immune-inflammatory response can stay activated for weeks, months or years and result in collateral damage,” McIntyre said. He implicated inflammation in general – not inflammation caused by infection or as a direct effect of infection itself – as a major contributor to mental disorders. “It’s unlikely that most people with a mental illness have it as a result of infection,” he said. “But it would be reasonable to hypothesize that a subpopulation of people with depression or bipolar disorder or schizophrenia ended up that way because an infection activated their immune-inflammatory system.” Infection, particularly in the womb, could work in tandem with genetics, psychosocial factors and one’s diet and microbiome to influence immune and inflammatory activity and, in turn, increase the risk of psychiatric disease, according to McIntyre. This past November, new research claimed inflammation is causing depression in about one-third of patients. Researchers at Emory University in Georgia have found high levels of inflammation are associated with a “failure to communicate” between two parts of the brain,

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the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, they found about one-third of people diagnosed with depression have markers of elevated inflammation levels in their blood. The findings also suggest chronic inflammation can affect the brain in ways that are connected with stubborn symptoms of depression, such as anhedonia (an inability to experience pleasure), which can be difficult to treat. The results were published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. A simple lab test can determine whether a person’s depression is linked to inflammation. Physicians need to look for an inflammatory marker in the blood called C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a protein made in the liver in response to inflammation. It is used clinically to determine risk for cardiovascular disease and is increased in a number of other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer. Thus far, anti-inflammatory medications have not shown any results in the treatment of mood disorders. Nonetheless, many still believe there is a link between the two. It could be that current treatments for inflammation are not hardy enough because the systems of patients with mental conditions are more sensitive to inflammation. “I’m not convinced that antiinflammatory strategies are going to turn out to be the most powerful treatments around,” said Dr. Charles Raison, a psychiatry professor at the University of Arizona. “But I think if we really want to understand depression, we definitely have to understand how the immune system talks to the brain. I just don’t think we’ve identified immune-based or antiinflammatory treatments yet that are going to have big effects in depression.”

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Strength Training: The Best Path to Improved Mental Health By Willie B. Ray, Personal Trainer, Art of Strength Kettle Bell Gym 1301 Winchester Road #129 Lexington, KY 40505

With more than 17 million people in the United States currently on Prozac, depression is the leading mental disorder in the Western world. It is growing in all age groups and is projected to increase at a rate to be the second most disabling condition in the world by 2020. There are numerous well-known benefits to exercising routinely, such as improving cardiovascular (heart/lung) health, lowering blood pressure, strengthening bones, improving muscle tone and strength, increasing energy levels and reducing excess body fat. But recent research provides evidence for the importance of physical activity for mental health with inactive or sedentary people, who have twice the risk of becoming depressed. Several hundred studies have investigated the effect of exercise on depression and found exercise can increase self-esteem, improve mood, reduce anxiety levels, increase the ability to handle stress and improve sleep patterns. One study at Harvard found that 10 weeks of strength training reduced clinical depression symptoms more successfully than standard counseling did. Several studies found strength training provides similar improvements in depression as antidepressant medications. An Australian study found high-intensity strength training with elderly people resulted in 50 percent to 70 percent improvements in depression, which is equivalent to a good antidepressant drug effect. The study recorded three-quarters of the elderly had no diagnosis of clinical depression at the

end of the study and no injuries as a result of a well-designed strength-training program. Currently, it is not known if this benefit to strength training is because people feel better when they are stronger or if strength training produces a helpful biochemical change in the brain. Regardless, strength training has been proven as an effective method in battling depression. Simply stated, when people participate in strength-training programs, their self-confidence and self-esteem improve, which strongly impacts their overall quality of life and ability to combat depression. A proper exercise program that includes strength training provides similar improvements in depression as antidepressant medications but without negative side effects. Many people stop taking antidepressant medication because of the side effects. One in particular is the increased risk of falling for older people. However, strength training has the opposite effect; it actually reduces your risk of falling and injuries, among other important health benefits. Recent studies show that after a strength-training session, endorphin levels (feel-good hormones) are increased by more than 60 percent, leaving you feeling rejuvenated and keeping your mind trouble free. When people suffering from depression strength train on a regular basis, their self-confidence and self-esteem improve, which strongly impacts their overall quality of life. If you have never exercised, learning an exercise program can be considered a new skill and mastering a

new skill may boost your mood and provide a sense of accomplishment and achievement, which also counters the effect of depression. Even a modest exercise program of 30 minutes a day three days a week is an effective weapon for combating depression, and the benefits of such a program are likely to be permanent for individuals who adopt exercise as a regular, ongoing life activity. But researchers suggest if youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re going to strength train to battle depression, you have to work to constantly increase your goals. Working at a good intensity and progression toward goals are keys to winning the battle against depression. But regardless of whether you are battling depression, start your regular strength training exercise program today. As you get more energy exercising, you will get happier, have a better outlook on life and enjoy life more. This will give you an effective weapon to fight any blues. If I can be of any assistance to you, please feel free to contact me at supernat_ us@yahoo.com or (859) 221-4479. Yours in Health, Willie B. Ray

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Mental Health Awareness

Don’t let stigmas stop you from getting help By TaNiqua Ward, M.S. The start of a new year is about making goals that usually involve bettering yourself, improving your environment and becoming a happier individual. Some people struggle to accomplish these goals because they are dealing with a mental illness. The stigma of mental illness prevents many people from seeking help and comfort. However, mental illness is just like any other kind of illness. Getting treatment is not something you can just put off for a later day. Mental illness requires a professional recommendation for some forms of treatment. In the spirit of the new year, we need to acknowledge the realities of mental illness. The National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI) defines mental illness as a condition that impacts a person’s thinking, feeling or mood.

It may also affect his or her ability to relate to others and function adequately on a daily basis. Each individual’s mental illness symptoms vary. Some people cry and are depressed, while other people are full of rage and anger. It is important that an individual who has a mental illness be treated specifically for his or her particular needs. It is also known that mental illness is not just caused by one particular event or circumstance. It is usually caused by multiple events and circumstances. Things that can cause mental illness include relational problems with family or a partner, stress on a job, financial issues or genetics. All these factors can lead an individual through a series of emotions that can trigger the larger issue of mental illness. It is important to be aware of the changes occurring in your life and

to seek help or have people around to guide you to the appropriate resources needed. Many people who have a mental illness are untreated. The individual may not be aware of the illness or is not willing to seek help. It is vital that individuals with mental illness get help. They can consult a close family member or friend about the problems they are facing. Counseling is available through most state’s departments of mental health services. Doctors and psychiatrists can prescribe medication and offer guidance in the right direction to seek further resources. If none of those resources are available, there may be a hotline that provides crisis counselors.

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Individuals who have previously had or still have a mental illness should continue receiving care. Make sure you have family and friends to offer support, or join a support group with people who have had a similar illness or who can relate to you. If you are dealing with a mental illness, continue getting your regular medical examinations and taking care of yourself. These are the keys to monitoring your current health status and making sure you are at a good place in your life.

Mental illness is not just caused by one particular event or circumstance.

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Children who are experiencing bullying tend to be very fragile because of trauma and anxiety.

Parenting for Health and Wellness Bullying: When Your Child is the Victim By Sarah Brokamp, Staff Writer Bullying has been an issue for generations, transforming and evolving to fit societal pressures. Children taunt and victimize because, like humans of all ages, they are curious about power and competition. They take note of what is “cool” and use it to compartmentalize the children they socialize with. When a child is being bullied, it is often because other children feel he or she does not meet the standards that come with “fitting in.” Children who are different are usually the ones bullies harass. Sometimes a child is bullied because he or she is in a societal class that is seen as inferior. Other times bullying can be due to certain beliefs the bullied child has or because of his or her sexual orientation. In many cases, a child is bullied simply due to his or her appearance. Though the reasons a child is being victimized do vary, these reasons are always inexcusable. The ages where bullying is prevalent (from age 12-18) are times when children are most insecure and are trying their hand at building power and confidence. It is fair to say that your child will one day have a turn at one aspect of bullying, either victim or

perpetrator – or maybe both. Bullying can have serious repercussions, especially for the victim. In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance reported on average, across 39 states, 7.2 percent of students admitted they did not attend school due to bullying. If a child feels unsafe, a good-quality education becomes harder to attain because of fear and an inability to focus. The frequency of childhood bullying means parents must be educated about its causes and effects. It is usually difficult to determine if your child is being bullied, so keeping watch for the warning signs is a must. Listed below are possible signs that your child is being victimized and needs parental support: • Reluctance to go to school or participate in school-related events. • A sudden shift in personality (a child who was once extroverted is now introverted). • The child expresses feelings of loneliness and appears to be withdrawn. • The child seems anxious and/or depressed.

• The child comes home with mysterious bruises or lesions. • There is a sudden decline in the child’s grades. • The child has difficulty sleeping (experiences nightmares, reverts to bedwetting, etc.). • The child complains of frequent stomach aches and headaches. • There is a change in diet (the child begins overeating or does not eat enough). • The child attaches himself to his parents’ sides and is afraid when left alone. If you suspect your child is being bullied, it is important to be sup-

portive but not too abrasive. Children who are experiencing bullying tend to be very fragile because of trauma and anxiety. They are most likely being threatened by the bully to not speak to their parents or are fearful exposing the bully will only make the situation worse. As a parent, you must be attentive to the clues your child is giving you. Talking about bullying is hard for a child and will most likely not be done all at once. When your child does decide to approach you, do not be quick to instruct the child on what exactly to do. Listen to what she has to say and do not interrupt or react too strongly. If the child sees you getting upset, it may cause her to regret coming to you about the problem. It is equally important to remain calm and not blame your child for what is happening. Telling your child he brought it on himself is extremely damaging. It may cause him to become quiet about the abuse. It is important to encourage your child to be as open and communicative as possible. When talking to your child, ask, “What can I do to help you?” instead of immediately jumping into action. Do not approach the bully or the parents of the bully first. Instead, talk to the school administration. A guidance counselor is a great tool to have if your child is being bullied and can provide a safe environment for him or her at school. If you support your child and react in an appropriate manner, your child will gain confidence. She will feel less alone and see her problems as more manageable, avoiding the future ramifications of childhood bullying.

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859-223-9608 Spencerian College Lexington is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools to award certificates, diplomas and associate degrees. Bachelor’s degrees are offered online through the Louisville campus.

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For advertising information visit www.samplerpublications.com or call 859.225.4466 | January 2016

Trilogy’s Winter Minestrone Hearty and Healthy

By Jenna Brescher, Clinical Nutrition at Trilogy Health Services Why is it considered such a healthy dish? Swiss chard contains phytonutrients with anti-inflammatory properties and has high concentrations of Vitamin A and C. Tomatoes contain Lycopene, an antioxidant proven to reduce the risk of prostate and cervical cancers. Lycopene is actually used more efficiently when ripe or cooked, making canned tomatoes a great source. Potatoes are often perceived as “bad” and are avoided. However, it is usually the high-fat butter, cream, and salt added to this food that should be consumed in moderation. Potatoes, with the skin included, contain many B vitamins associated with healthy brain function. Celery has many health benefits

but is most notable for its fiber content, which aids in digestion. Celery has also been used for centuries for its detox properties. Carrots get their name from the nutrient beta-carotene which give them their rich, orange color. Beta-carotene and carrots are most popular for vision health (especially night vision), but they are also known for their nourishing effects on our skin and anti-aging benefits. Homemade soups allow for better control of salt input. Using a low-sodium stock, no added salt canned tomatoes, and rinsing canned beans before adding them to the soup will decrease the final salt content greatly, which is helpful in warding off or controlling high blood pressure.

Ingredients • 2 Tbsp olive oil • 1 onion, diced • 2 stalks celery, diced • 2 carrots, diced • 2 cloves fresh garlic, minced • 28 oz low sodium vegetable broth (may use chicken or beef) • 1-15 oz can white bean (Great northern, cannellini), for thicker soup do not rinse or drain • 1-14.5 oz can of diced tomatoes • 1 potato, diced • ¼ cup uncooked elbow/ditalini pasta • 1 tsp dried rosemary (may use fresh 2-3 sprigs) • 1 Tbsp dried parsley (1/4 cup fresh) • parmesan rind (optional) • 1 lb swiss chard • kosher salt to taste • black pepper to taste Directions Heat olive oil on medium heat and sweat onion, celery, and carrots in a large soup pot or Dutch oven. Add minced garlic and cook until fragrant. Add broth, beans, tomatoes, potato, pasta, herbs, and rind. Stir and simmer. Cook until potatoes are tender. Add swiss chard and wilt. Season with salt and pepper to desired taste. Top with fresh parmesan if desired.

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