The different types of biophilic design strategies with examples

(Kellert and Calabrese, 2015) Direct Experience of Nature

• Light • Air • Water • Plants • Animals • Weather • Natural landscapes & ecosystems • Fire • Images of nature • Natural materials • Natural colors • Simulating natural light and air • Naturalistic shapes and forms • Evoking nature • Information richness • Age, change, and the patina of time • Natural geometries • Biomimicry • Prospect & refuge • Organized complexity • Integration of parts to wholes • Transitional spaces • • Cultural and ecological attachment to place

Indirect Experience of Nature Experience of Space and Place

Examples (Oseland 2022) • Generous use of glass • Inclusion of natural sounds • Wind variation • Inclusion of abundant & local species of plants • Visual view of nature • Using materials such as timber and stone • Furniture with organic shapes • Artwork & wall patterns that incorporate fractals and spirals • Incorporation of earth tone colours, and not bright colours • Integration of a central focal point • Clear pathways & points of entry • Inclusion of both high & low ceilings • Design for play of shadows & depths

(Browning, Ryan and Clancy, 2014) • Visual connection with nature • Non-visual connection with nature • Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli • ability • Presence of water • Dynamic & diffused light • Connection with natural systems • Biomorphic forms & patterns • Material connection with nature • Complexity & order • Prospect • Refuge • Mystery • Risk/Peril

Nature in the Space

Natural Analogues Nature of the Space

Following the account of biophilic design strategies, the subsequent impacts on human health and wellbeing from the mentioned dimensions are explored in table 1.3, with recognition to potential knowledge gaps.

Table 1.2, the different types of biophilic design strategies with examples – adopted from Kellert and Calabrese (2015), Browning, Ryan and Clancy (2014) and Oseland (2022)