Contents UNIT 0...................................................................................................................2 UNIT 1...................................................................................................................8 UNIT 2.................................................................................................................16 UNIT 3.................................................................................................................24 UNIT 4.................................................................................................................32 UNIT 5.................................................................................................................40 Picture Dictionary........................................................................................48 Cut outs..............................................................................................................55 Answer key.......................................................................................................61
1
UNIT
0 1.
Hello Friends!
Look and write.
a
e
c
g
d
b
f
h
a) The armchairs are letter
.
e) Letter c are the
.
b) The trousers are letter
.
f) Letter d is the
.
c) The sunflowers are letter
.
g) Letter g are the
.
d) The jackets are letter
.
h) Letter h is the
.
2. Classify and add more words. Clothes
2
Food/Plants
Furniture
Places
UNIT
0
3. Find and circle the 7 days of the week. S
W
Q
A
M
O
N
D
A
Y
A
T
U
E
S
D
A
Y
T
H
T
L
G
K
F
M
S
V
H
J
U
T
H
Y
R
I
U
M
U
B
R
R
D
M
I
U
N
P
R
V
D
G
S
G
D
Q
D
L
S
M
A
J
Z
R
A
M
A
O
D
C
Y
F
R
D
Y
T
Y
M
A
R
W
E
D
N
E
S
D
A
Y
X
N
K
L
T
H
J
R
M
Q
Z
Yes
No
4. Read and tick. I can...
Can your friend...
a) swim.
a) swim?
b) draw a lion.
b) draw a lion?
c) play the flute.
c) play the flute?
d) touch my toes.
d) touch his/her toes?
e) count to twenty.
e) count to twenty?
f)
sing a song in English.
Yes
No
f) sing a song in English?
5. Now ask a friend using... Can you...?
3
6. Circle and say the six differences. a)
7.
b)
Look at picture b) again and match.
a The boy
has
a hat.
b The girl
doesn’t have
shoes.
c The elephant
is playing
a trunk.
d The man
is wearing
drums.
8. Look at picture a). Write two sentences.
4
a) The boy
.
b) The monkey
.
UNIT
0
9. Look and complete the calendar. Monday
Tuesday
one
two
Wednesday
Saturday
five
eight
six
seven
eleven
sixteen
eighteen twentyfive
thirty
thirtyone
10. Read and complete. When is Peter’s birthday? It is not at the weekend. It is not on a day with the letter ‘t’. It is not before or on Wednesday. When is his birthday? On
.
5
11. Read, calculate and answer the questions. School supplies
School starts today!
School clothes
pencil: 2 for $1
rubbers: 2 for $1
skirt: $9
ruler: $1 each
pencil case: $3
blouse: $5
shoes:$10
jacket: $15
socks: $2
school bag: $9
boots: $12
I have 20 pesos. Can I buy a pencil case, too?
I need: • 6 pencils • 2 rubbers
.
• 1 school bag Me I have 30 pesos. Can I buy a jacket, too?
I need: • 1 skirt • 1 blouse
.
• 2 pairs of socks • 1 pair of shoes
6
Me
UNIT
0
12. Colour the drawing following the directions: Mountains: Brown.
Sun: Yellow.
River: Light blue.
Cows on the country: Pink.
Trees: Green.
Rabbits in the forest: Blue.
13. Look again, read and match. a) Fish
in the town.
b) Deer
in the forest.
c) People
live
in the country.
d) Cows
in the river.
e) Rabbits
in the mountains.
7
UNIT
1
1.
This is Me!
Make a drawing of your family and write their names.
2. Read and answer. Hello friends. I’m Johnny and this is my family. My mother’s name is Kathy, and she is twenty-nine years old and my father’s name is Tom, he is thirty-two years old. I have only one sister. Her name is Mary. I am seven years old and Mary is nine. We are from Scotland and we live in Glasgow. I love my family!
His _name _is Johnny
What’s the boy’s name?
b)
What’s his mother’s name?
.
c)
How old is she?
.
d)
What’s his father’s name?
.
e)
How old is he?
.
f)
How many sisters does Johnny have?
.
g)
Where are they from?
.
3. Talk to your classmates about your family. 8
.
a)
UNIT
1
4. Write and complete with cut outs.
My Dictionary
hild
other
randparents
9
5. Circle the things that you like and cross out the ones you don’t like.
6. Write sentences using the previous information. a)
7.
I _like _cats.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
Answer. a)
Do you like ice cream?
Yes, I _do b)
.
Does she practise karate?
. c)
Can you play the guitar?
. d)
Can she swim?
. 10
UNIT
8.
1
Look and read. Circle True or False.
a)
My parents live in a hotel.
True
False
b)
My grandpa does the shopping.
True
False
c)
My brother and I help with the animals.
True
False
d)
My grandparents help with the guests.
True
False
9. Read and circle the correct option. a)
The father/mother does the shopping.
b)
The grandparents/children help with the guests.
c)
The children/parents help with the animals.
10. Match the sentences in exercise 9 to the pictures.
11
11. Match. a)
The dog is eating.
b)
The dolphin is swimming.
c)
The doll is dancing.
d)
Dad is cooking dinner.
12. Make a chart: Who helps at home? Actions Make breakfast Make the bed Make lunch Help with the pets
Make dessert
12
Mother
Father
Children
UNIT
13.
1
Match and write.
_trainers _trousers _hat _jacket _t-_shirt _dress _shoes _blouse
13
14.
Classify these words in: coat - shorts - boots - scarf - gloves - swimsuit - sandals - t-shirt winter clothes
summer clothes
Coat
Shorts
a) b) c) d)
15. a)
Read, draw and color. What’s Tom wearing? He’s wearing a yellow jacket. He’s wearing red jeans. He’s wearing black trainers.
b)
What’s Ann wearing? She’s wearing a blue skirt. She’s wearing black boots. She’s wearing a green blouse.
c)
What’s Peter wearing? He’s wearing green shorts. He’s wearing a red T-shirt. He’s wearing yellow sandals. He’s wearing brown sunglasses.
14
UNIT
16.
Draw and write.
1
This is me. I am wearing
15
UNIT
2
1.
Telling the Time
Look and write. a)
c)
eat / They / cake.
b)
watch. / Look / my / at
d)
play. / can / We
is / Rabbit. / This
2. Now, write the sentences in order.
16
a)
.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
UNIT
2
3. Look, read and write. tall - eat - catch - drink
the bus
a) We to go to school.
b) I
tea.
I’m very
c) I
.
cake
at tea time.
4. What about you? Read and answer. a) What time do you start school?
.
b) What time do you catch the bus?
.
c) What do you prefer, tea or milk?
.
d) What do you have for breakfast?
.
e) Are you tall or short?
.
17
5. Read.
What time is it?
It’s ten o’clock.
It’s half past ten.
6. Draw and write.
a)
It’s one o’clock.
b)
It’s half past seven. c)
d) .
7.
18
.
Complete the sentences. Then draw.
a)
I get up at
b)
I have lunch at
.
.
c)
I have breakfast at
d)
I go to bed at
.
.
UNIT
8.
2
Write sentences with the sound /v/. a)
.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
sc
9. Circle six words.
h
lbreakfa o o s
t lu
nchbed f
r
d n ie
in d s
ner
10. Write and draw.
School days a) I get up at
.
.
l at b) I go to schoo
c) I have lunch at
d) I go to bed at
.
.
19
11. Read and draw the times. School day routines Many children in Britain catch the bus at half past eight. They start school at nine o’clock. They have lunch at twelve o’clock. They have dinner at seven o’clock, and go to bed at half past eight.
In…
…Britain
…Your area
12. What about you? Write your schedule. I
20
UNIT
2
13. Complete the sentences. electric - water - shadow - battery
a
c
b
d
a) This watch has a
.
b) This is a sun clock. The
tells the time. clock.
c) This is an
to tell the time.
d) This clock uses
14. When can you use these clocks? Match. a sun clock Day a water clock Night
an electric clock
15. Answer. a)
Do you have a watch?
Yes,
. / No,
.
b)
What time is it?
It’s
.
b)
What day is it today?
It’s
.
21
16. Write and complete with cut outs.
My Dictionary
ake
all
at
abbit
22
UNIT
2
17. Read and write. 5
6 1
R
7 3
2
A
A 8 4 E
T
Across
Down
1
Who is …, Alice or the rabbit?
5
Look at your … to tell the time!
2
Do you have a special …, on your birthday?
6
3
The rabbit isn’t …. He’s short.
What do you … at breakfast time, tea or milk?
4
What do you … at breakfast time?
7
A … is a dangerous animal. True or false?
8
Who drinks … in the afternoon?
a) Calculate and write your score. My score: 8: Excellent!
6-7: Good
4-5: OK
1-3: Try again!
b) Now, answer the six questions in exercise 17 in your notebook.
23
UNIT
3
1.
At the Circus
A juggler has lost his ball, help him to find it! Draw the ball.
a)
The ball is under the box.
b)
The ball is in the box.
c)
The ball is next to the box.
d)
The ball is on the box.
2. Match and paint. The left hand is green and the right hand is orange. Right
Left
3. Read and tick.
Which hand do you use? I write with my... I catch balls with my... I throw balls with my... I use my... to drink. I use my... to eat.
24
UNIT
3
4. Look around and write sentences with ‘on’, ‘in’, ‘under’ and ‘next to’. a)
.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
5. Colour the picture. Then read and tick the correct picture. There are some jugglers in the picture. They are throwing and catching balls. There are some clowns, too. They are on the left. On the right, there are some acrobats. They can bend and stretch.
6. Match the picture with the correct sentence. a)
Some acrobats fly on the trapeze.
b)
Some girls have fun at the circus.
c)
Some people don’t like clowns.
d)
Some clowns have big noses.
25
7.
Colour the people according to the key. acrobats: red - clown: green - jugglers: yellow
8. Answer the questions using the information from activity 7. a) Who can fly on the trapeze? b) Can clowns climb the rope? c) Who is throwing balls? d) Who is smiling and wearing a hat?
26
UNIT
9.
3
Write and complete with cut outs.
My Dictionary
crobat
limb
ope
27
10. Draw the clowns.
Happy clown
Sad clown
Angry clown
Scared clown
Tired clown
Surprised clown
11. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. happy - sad - tired - scared
28
a)
That clown is crying, he is
.
b)
I can’t go to the circus, I am very
.
c)
The dog barks at the clowns because it is
.
d)
We are going to the circus! I am very
.
UNIT
3
12. Write words in the correct column. /v/
/b/
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
13. Choose five words in exercise 12 and draw them.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
29
14. Look at the photos. Circle the correct option.
a) The clowns are 1) playing music.
1) jumping.
2) climbing a rope.
2) drinking juice.
3) flying on the trapeze.
3) throwing the balls.
b) The acrobat is
30
c) The juggler is
d) They work
1) running.
1) at the market.
2) bending.
2) at the circus.
3) swimming.
3) at the school.
UNIT
3
15. Read and write. 5 1
C 6
2
O
3
T
7
8
C O
U
4
T
E
R Down
Across 1
Can you... a tree?
5
Does a ...has a big painted mouth?
2
Can an... jump and fly?
6
Who can fly on a ...?
3
Who is wearing a ...?
7
Can an acrobat climb a ...?
4
What do jugglers...?
8
Can a ... throw balls and bottles?
a) Calculate and write your score. My score: 8: Excellent!
6-7: Good
4-5: OK
1-3: Try again!
b) Now, answer the questions in exercise 15 in your notebook.
31
UNIT
4 1.
The Ocean
Look and write.
a)
b)
scared. / is / whale / The
go / can / Sinbad / home. / Now
c)
water. / are / There / animals / the / in
d)
cold / Sinbad / is / hungry. / and
2. Now, write the sentences in order.
32
a)
.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
UNIT
3. Draw the missing animals. Then complete the questions and answers.
4
a)
squid Which is bigger, the whale or the squid? .
The b)
cat stronger, the
Which
or the
? The
.
c)
rabbit Which
smaller, the
or the
? The
.
4. Read and write. a)
The squid is big! Yes, but the whale is
b)
The monkey is strong! Yes, but the lion is
c)
The frog is small! Yes, but this fish is
. . .
33
a le
ra
ol bd
phinsha
rk
is h
spongefish wh
c
5. Circle eight sea animals. Then, classify the animals.
seaho rs es ta
rf
Sea Animals Invertebrates
Vertebrates
6. Circle the correct words and draw the sea animals.
Sea animals
Sponges are vertebrates / invertebrates. They have / don’t have bones. They live in the sea / forest. Which is smaller / bigger, a sponge or a whale? A sponge! Which is stronger / weaker, a sponge or a whale? A whale! My favourite sea animal is a sponge.
34
UNIT
7.
Circle the images that start with /f/.
4
35
8. Read, write and draw. a)
The lion There is an .
There is an ear on the left and an ear on the right.
There is .
b)
9. What about you? Complete the sentences. the same - different
36
a)
Each side of my face is
b)
The left and the right are
c)
My left ear and my right ear are
d)
My left eye and my right eye are
. . . .
UNIT
4
10. Look and circle the illustrated words. sailor - snake - starfish - ship - shop - shoe - shark
11. Write four questions using the words from exercise 10. Answer in your notebook. which is bigger
which is stronger
which is smaller
which is weaker
a)
.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
12. Complete the text. dolphins - starfish - shark - smaller - sailor - fish - ship
My Island Come to my island in the sea!
and the s
There are d
is s
and f
in the sea.
I can see a s
The s
is bigger,
on his s
.
.
37
13. Write and complete with cut outs.
My Dictionary
ive
ail
ailors
38
eak
UNIT
4
14. Read and write. 8 5 S A 6 1
I
S 2
4
I
E
Down
Across 1
Where do ... work, on a ship or in a park?
5
Which is bigger, a ... or a whale?
2
Which is ... a cat or a whale?
6
Where do you ... at night?
3
Can you s... in a ship?
7
Where can you ..., in the sea or in a bath?
4
Where can you make a ...?
8
Which is stronger, a fish or a ...?
a)
Calculate and write your score. My score:
b)
8: Excellent!
6-7: Good
4-5: OK
1-3: Try again!
Answer the questions in exercise 14 in your notebook.
39
UNIT
5 1.
Tiny World
Write.
2. Draw what’s missing. Then match the words to the pictures.
40
a)
antennae
d) ant
b)
bee
e) ladybird
c)
butterfly
f) honey
g) fly
UNIT
3. Read and circle. Then match the pictures to the sentences. a)
Ants have got six legs / noses.
b)
Bees have got four / six wings and
5
three / five eyes. c)
Flies like / don’t like fruits.
d)
Ladybirds like / don’t like cold weather.
4. Read and circle the correct answer. Andy:
Does it have wings?
Simon:
Yes. / No.
Andy:
Does it have spots?
Simon:
Yes. / No.
Andy:
Is it a bee?
Simon:
Yes. / No.
41
5. Write and draw.
it
A:
a small head?
B: Yes!
?
B: No! it
A:
A: Does it have
spots?
?
A: Does it have
B: Yes!
B: Yes!
A: Is it a ladybird?
A: Is it a
B: Yes!
B: Yes!
?
6. Write the questions and tick.
My Garden
42
a)
Do
have
b)
Do
like
c)
Can an
d)
Does a
e)
Can a
Yes
?
?
fly?
have spots?
make
?
No
UNIT
7.
Put the words in order and write. Then draw. a)
butterfly / lays / egg. / A / an
b)
caterpillar. / egg / a / becomes / The
c)
a / becomes / The / chrysalis. / caterpillar
d)
butterfly. / chrysalis / a / The / into / changes
a
c
b
d
8.
5
Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. Complete the picture. a)
Does it have wings?
Yes
No
b)
Can it feel?
Yes
No
c)
Can it make honey?
Yes
No
d)
Is it symmetrical?
Yes
No
e)
Is this insect a butterfly?
Yes
No
43
9. Draw the correct number of insects. a)
Twenty-two ants.
b)
Nineteen flies.
c)
Eleven butterflies.
10. Write sentences with the sound /k/. a)
.
b)
.
c)
.
d)
.
11. Identify the number and write the missing number. 11 - 15 - 12 - 10 - 20 - 18
44
a)
tw
d)
t
n n
y
b)
ei
ht
e)
t
elv
n
c)
el
v
f)
fi
t
n n
UNIT
5
12. Write and complete with cut outs.
My Dictionary
nt
ntennae
oney
nsects
utterfly
45
13. Draw the monstrous insect following the instructions. a)
It has a round body and no head.
b)
It has six arms with hands.
c)
It has two fingers on each hand.
d)
It has six wings.
e)
It has three eyes, one mouth, and no nose.
14. Draw your own monster. Write its characteristics.
.
46
UNIT
5
15. Read and write. 4 5 1 8 6
7
2
3
Down
Across 1
Can a l... fly?
4
Is a f... dangerous?
2
Where are the a..., on the head or an
5
Where does a b... find nectar?
the legs?
6
Do a... live in the sea?
Where does h... come from?
7
Have i... got eight legs?
8
Can b... make honey?
3
a)
Calculate and write your score. My score:
b)
8: Excellent!
6-7: Good
4-5: OK
1-3: Try again!
Now, answer the questions in exercise 15 in your notebook.
47
Picture Dictionary
48
1. bus 2. cake 3. drink 4. eat 5. rabbit 6. short 7. tall 8. tea 9. teacher 10. watch 11. children 12. do the shopping 13. father 14. grandma 15. grandpa 16. help 17. make breakfast 18. mother 19. school
49
50
20. boat 21. dolphin 22. helping 23. jumping 24. reading 25. shark 26. shouting 27. swimming 28. acrobat 29. climb 30. clown 31. costume 32. juggler 33. rope 34. trapeze 35. basketball 36. cycling 37. football 38. hockey 39. running 40. tennis
51
52
41. baker 42. baker’s shop 43. birds 44. bring 45. doctor 46. police officer 47. vet 48. dive 49. fire 50. island 51. sail 52. sailor 53. sleep 54. squid 55. strong 56. weak 57. whale 58. ant 59. bee 60. butterfly 61. fly / flies 62. honey 63. insects 64. ladybird
53
Picture Dictionary
65. shirt 66. skirt 67. socks 68. sweater 69. trousers 70. shoes
54
Unit 5
ladybird
fly
bee
55
56
Unit 3
juggler
costume
trapeze
clown
throw
Unit 4
fire
sleep
whale
squid
57
58
Unit 1
father
parents
help
make breakfast
do the shopping
Unit 2
tea
short
watch
drink
59
60
ANSWER KEY b) Deer live in the mountains.
UNIT
0
c) People live in the town. d) Cows live in the country.
• Page 2, exercise 1 a) A
e) Carrots
b) F
f) Mirror
c) E
g) Bookshelf
d) B
h) Hospital
• Page 2, exercise 2
e) Rabbits live in the forest. UNIT
1
• Page 8, exercise 2 b) Kathy
Clothes: trousers, jackets
c) Twenty-nine
Food/Plants: carrots, sunflowers
d) Tom
Furniture: armchairs, bookshelf
e) Thirty-two
Places: hospital
f) One
• Page 3, exercise 3 Monday - Tuesday - Wednesday Thursday - Friday - Saturday - Sunday • Page 4, exercise 6 Girl’s hat – Monkey’s fruit – Boy’s shoes – Elephant’s trunk – Man’s musical instrument – Boy’s shirt • Page 4, exercise 7 a) The boy is wearing shoes. b) The girl has a hat.
g) Glasgow, Scotland • Page 9, exercise 4 Child – do the shopping – father – grandparents – parents – make breakfast – mother – help • Page 10, exercise 8 b) Yes, she does. c) Answers may vary. d) Yes, she can. • Page 11, exercise 9
c) The elephant doesn’t have a trunk.
a) False
c) True
d) The man is playing drums.
b) False
d) True
• Page 5, exercise 10 Peter’s birthday is on Friday. • Page 6, exercise 11 Boy – Yes, you can.
• Page 11, exercise 10 a) Mother b) Grandparents c) Children
Girl – No, you can’t. • Page 7, exercise 13 a) Fish live in the river.
61
ANSWER KEY • Page 12, exercise 12
• Page 21, exercise 13
a) Dad is cooking dinner.
a) Battery
c) Electric
b) The doll is dancing.
b) Shadow
d) Water
c) The dolphin is swimming.
• Page 21, exercise 14 Day: a sun clock – a water clock –
d) The dog is eating. • Page 14, exercise 14
an electric clock
Winter clothes: boots, scarf, gloves Summer clothes: swimsuit, sandals,
Night: a water clock – an electric clock • Page 22, exercise 16 Cake – drink – eat – rabbit – short – tall –
t-shirt
tea – watch
UNIT
2
• Page 23, exercise 17 Across
• Page 16, exercise 1 a) They eat cake. b) We can play.
3) Tall
2) Cake
4) Eat
Down
c) Look at my watch. d) This is Rabbit. • Page 16, exercise 2 a) This is rabbit.
5) Watch
7) Rabbit
6) Drink
8) Tea
UNIT
3
b) Look at my watch.
• Page 25, exercise 5
c) We can play.
✔ The picture on the left side.
d) They eat cake. • Page 17, exercise 3 a) Catch
1) Short
• Page 25, exercise 6 c) Eat
b) Drink - tall • Page 18, exercise 6 c) It’s half past eleven. d) It’s twenty past twelve. • Page 19, exercise 9
a) Some clowns have big noses. b) Some acrobats fly on the trapeze. c) Some people don’t like clowns. d) Some girls have fun at the circus. • Page 26, exercise 8 a) The acrobats.
School – breakfast – lunch – bed –
b) No, they can’t.
friends – dinner
c) The jugglers. d) The clown.
62
ANSWER KEY • Page 27 exercise 9
d) Now Simbad can go home.
Acrobat – climb – juggler – costume – trapeze – rope – throw – clown • Page 28, exercise 11
• Page 33, exercise 3 a) The whale is bigger b) The cat is stronger
a) Sad
c) The rabbit is smaller • Page 33, exercise 4
b) Tired c) Scared
a) Bigger
d) Happy
b) Stronger
• Page 30, exercise 14
c) Smaller
a) The clowns are playing music.
• Page 34, exercise 5
b) The acrobat is bending.
Invertebrates: sponge, seahorse,
c) The juggler is throwing balls.
starfish, crab
d) They work at the circus
Vertebrates: whale, fish, dolphin, shark
• Page 31, exercise 16
• Page 34, exercise 6 Invertebrates – don’t have – sea –
Across 1) Climb
3) Costume
2) Acrobat
4) Throw
smaller – stronger • Page 35, exercise 7 Fish – fire – frog – fifteen
Down 5) Clown
7) Rope
6) Trapeze
8) Juggler
UNIT
4 • Page 32, exercise 1 a) The whale is scared. b) Now Simbad can go home. c) There are animals in the water. d) Simbad is hungry and cold.
• Page 36, exercise 8, a) There is an eye on the left and an eye on the right. There is a leg on the left and a leg on the right. • Page 37, exercise 10 Sailor – ship – starfish – shark • Page 37, exercise 12 Fish – dolphins – shark – starfish – smaller – sailor – ship
• Page 32, exercise 2
• Page 38, exercise 13
a) Simbad is hungry and cold.
Dive – fire – sail – sailors – sleep –
b) The whale is scared.
whale – weak – squid
c) There are animals in the water.
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ANSWER KEY • Page 39, exercise 14 Across 1) Sailors
3) Sail
2) Weaker
4) Fire
Down
d) Yes
b) Yes
e) Yes
c) No • Page 44, exercise 11 a) Twenty
d) Twelve
5) Squid
7) Dive
b) Ten
e) Eleven
6) Sleep
8) Whale
c) Eighteen
f) Fifteen
• Page 45, exercise 12
UNIT
5
Ant – antennae – ladybird – butterfly – fly – honey – insects – bee
• Page 40, exercise 1 Bee – butterfly – ant – fly a) Legs
c) Like
b) Four – five
d) Don’t like
• Page 41, exercise 4 Yes – no – yes • Page 42, exercise 5 Does – have Does – have • Page 42, exercise 6 a) Do butterflies have antennae? Yes b) Do flies like fruit? Yes c) Can an ant fly? No d) Does a bee have spots? No e) Can a ladybird make honey? No • Page 43, exercise 7 a) A butterfly lays an egg. b) The egg becomes a caterpillar. c) The caterpillar becomes a chrysalis . d) The chrysalis changes into a butterfly. • Page 43, exercise 8
• Page 47, exercise 15 Across
• Page 41, exercise 3
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a) Yes
1) Ladybird
3) Honey
2) Antennae Down 4) Fly
7) Insects
5) Butterfly
8) Bees
6) Ants