EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MÉDIO PROVA DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS PROVA DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
1º DIA CADERNO
2016
9 3ª APLICAÇÃO
ATENÇÃO: transcreva no espaço apropriado do seu CARTÃO-RESPOSTA, FRP VXD FDOLJUD¿D XVXDO FRQVLGHUDQGR DV OHWUDV PDL~VFXODV H PLQ~VFXODV D VHJXLQWH IUDVH E fui cuidar do que restava.
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUÇÕES SEGUINTES: 1. Este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES contém 90 questões numeradas de 1 a 90, dispostas da seguinte maneira: D DV TXHVW}HV GH Q~PHUR D VmR UHODWLYDV j iUHD GH Ciências Humanas e suas Tecnologias; E DV TXHVW}HV GH Q~PHUR D VmR UHODWLYDV j iUHD GH Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias. 2. &RQ¿UD VH R VHX &$'(512 '( 48(67®(6 FRQWpP D TXDQWLGDGH GH TXHVW}HV H VH HVVDV TXHVW}HV HVWmR QD RUGHP PHQFLRQDGD QD LQVWUXomR DQWHULRU &DVR R FDGHUQR HVWHMD LQFRPSOHWR WHQKD GHIHLWR RX DSUHVHQWH TXDOTXHU GLYHUJrQFLD comunique ao aplicador da sala para que ele tome as providências cabÃveis.
3. Para cada XPD GDV TXHVW}HV REMHWLYDV VmR DSUHVHQWDGDV RSo}HV $SHQDV XPD UHVSRQGH FRUUHWDPHQWH j TXHVWmR 4. O tempo disponÃvel para estas provas é de quatro horas e trinta minutos. 5. 5HVHUYH RV PLQXWRV ¿QDLV SDUD PDUFDU VHX CARTÃO-RESPOSTA. Os rascunhos e as marcações assinaladas no CADERNO DE 48(67®(6 QmR VHUmR FRQVLGHUDGRV QD DYDOLDomR 6. Quando terminar as provas, acene para chamar o aplicador e entregue este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES e o CARTÃO-RESPOSTA. 7. 9RFr SRGHUi GHL[DU R ORFDO GH SURYD VRPHQWH DSyV GHFRUULGDV GXDV KRUDV GR LQtFLR GD DSOLFDomR H SRGHUi OHYDU VHX &$'(512 '( 48(67®(6 DR GHL[DU HP GH¿QLWLYR D VDOD GH prova nos 30 minutos que antecedem o término das provas.
Ministério da Educação
*BR0975SAB1*
*BR0975SAB2*
2016
CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS Questões de 01 a 45 QUESTÃO 01 2V JDUJDORV URGRYLiULRV GR %UDVLO H R FDyWLFR WUkQVLWR GDV VXDV PHWUySROHV IRUoDP RV JRYHUQRV HVWDGXDLV H IHGHUDO D UHWRPDU RV SODQRV GH LPSODQWDomR GRV WUHQV UHJLRQDLV 'XUDQWH DV ~OWLPDV TXDWUR GpFDGDV D PDOKD IHUURYLiULD IRL HVTXHFLGD H VXFDWHDGD WDQWR TXH KRMH HP WRGR R SDtV DSHQDV GXDV OLQKDV GH SDVVDJHLURV HVWmR HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR 7UDQVSRUWDP PLOKmR GH SHVVRDV HQWUH %HOR +RUL]RQWH 0* H 9LWyULD (6 H HQWUH 6mR /XtV 0$ H &DUDMiV 3$ ʊ DV GXDV RSHUDGDV SHOD PLQHUDGRUD 9DOH 1RV DQRV PDLV GH PLOK}HV GH SDVVDJHLURV XWLOL]DYDP WUHQV LQWHUXUEDQRV QR WHUULWyULR QDFLRQDO 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ HVWDGDR FRP EU $FHVVR HP VHW
2 VXFDWHDPHQWR GR PHLR GH WUDQVSRUWH GHVFULWR IRL SURYRFDGR SHOD A B C D E
redução da demanda populacional por trens interurbanos. LQDGHTXDomR GRV WUDMHWRV HP IXQomR GD H[WHQVmR GR SDtV SUHFDUL]DomR WHFQROyJLFD IUHQWH D RXWURV PHLRV GH GHVORFDPHQWR SULRUL]DomR GD PDOKD URGRYLiULD QR SHUtRGR GH PRGHUQL]DomR GR HVSDoR DPSOLDomR GRV SUREOHPDV DPELHQWDLV DVVRFLDGRV j FRQVHUYDomR GDV IHUURYLDV.
QUESTÃO 02
'$+0(5 $ 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS PDOYDGRV ZRUGSUHVV FRP $FHVVR HP GH]
$QDOLVDU R SURFHVVR DWXDO GH FLUFXODomR H GH DUPD]HQDPHQWR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV EHQV FXOWXUDLV GLDQWH GD WUDQVIRUPDomR GHFRUUHQWH GR LPSDFWR GH QRYDV WHFQRORJLDV LQGLFD TXH KRMH A B C D
DV P~VLFDV H RV WH[WRV WrP SULYLOHJLDGR XP IRUPDWR GLJLWDO WRUQDQGR LQDGPLVVtYHO VXD DFXPXODomR D UHGH PXQGLDO GH FRPSXWDGRUHV DFDED FRP R FKDPDGR GLUHLWR DXWRUDO TXH p LQDSOLFiYHO HP UHODo}HV YLUWXDLV D VHJXUDQoD H D LQFOXVmR GLJLWDO VmR SUREOHPDV H[SRQGR D LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHDOL]DU XP FRPpUFLR IHLWR on-line. DV PtGLDV GLJLWDLV H D LQWHUQHW SHUPLWLUDP PDLRU ÀX[R GHVVHV SURGXWRV SRLV VHX DF~PXOR LQGHSHQGH GH JUDQGHV bases materiais. E D SLUDWDULD p R UHFXUVR XWLOL]DGR SHORV FRQVXPLGRUHV YLVWR TXH VmR LPSHGLGRV GH DGTXLULU OHJDOPHQWH DOJR GHVSURYLGR GH VXSRUWH Itsico. &+ ž GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB3*
2016
QUESTÃO 03
QUESTÃO 05
$ FHQD GH WmR FRWLGLDQD Mi QmR FDXVD PDLV HVWUDQKH]D D ,VDEHO 6ZDQ $R ERWDU R EDUFR QDV iJXDV GD %DtD GH *XDQDEDUD D YHOHMDGRUD SUHFLVD VH GHVYHQFLOKDU GH VDFRV SOiVWLFRV WDPSLQKDV GH UHIULJHUDQWHV ODWDV palitos de sorvete. Um dos cartões-postais cariocas recebe diariamente uma média de cem toneladas de OL[R ÀXWXDQWH FDUUHJDGR SHORV ULRV TXH FRUWDP D UHJLmR metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.
'H DOFDQFH QDFLRQDO R 0RYLPHQWR GRV 7UDEDOKDGRUHV 5XUDLV 6HP 7HUUD 067 UHSUHVHQWD D LQFRUSRUDomR j YLGD SROtWLFD GH SDUFHOD LPSRUWDQWH GD SRSXODomR WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH H[FOXtGD SHOD IRUoD GR ODWLI~QGLR 0LOKDUHV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV UXUDLV VH organizaram e pressionaram o governo em busca GH WHUUD SDUD FXOWLYDU H GH ¿QDQFLDPHQWR GH VDIUDV 6HXV PpWRGRV ʊ D LQYDVmR GH WHUUDV S~EOLFDV RX QmR FXOWLYDGDV ʊ WDQJHQFLDP D LOHJDOLGDGH PDV WHQGR HP YLVWD D RSUHVVmR VHFXODU GH TXH IRUDP YtWLPDV H D H[WUHPD OHQWLGmR GRV JRYHUQRV HP UHVROYHU R SUREOHPD DJUiULR SRGHP VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV OHJtWLPRV
$/(1&$5 ( 7RQHODGDV GH GHVFDVR O Globo DEU DGDSWDGR
2 SUREOHPD DPELHQWDO GHVFULWR WHP VXD FDXVD DVVRFLDGD j A LQH¿FLrQFLD GH HFREDUUHLUDV B GHVRUJDQL]DomR GR WXULVPR ORFDO C LQDGHTXDomR GD FROHWD GRPLFLOLDU D PRYLPHQWDomR GDV iUHDV SRUWXiULDV E UDUHIDomR GD RFXSDomR SRSXODFLRQDO
QUESTÃO 04
&$59$/+2 - 0 Cidadania no Brasil: o longo caminho. 5LR GH -DQHLUR &LYLOL]DomR %UDVLOHLUD DGDSWDGR
Argumenta-se que as reivindicações apresentadas por PRYLPHQWRV VRFLDLV FRPR R GHVFULWR QR WH[WR WrP FRPR REMHWLYR FRQWULEXLU SDUD R SURFHVVR GH A B C D E
LQRYDomR LQVWLWXFLRQDO RUJDQL]DomR SDUWLGiULD UHQRYDomR SDUODPHQWDU HVWDWL]DomR GD SURSULHGDGH GHPRFUDWL]DomR GR VLVWHPD
QUESTÃO 06 7HQGR VH OLYUDGR GR HQWXOKR GR PDTXLQiULR YROXPRVR H GDV HQRUPHV HTXLSHV GH IiEULFD R FDSLWDO YLDMD OHYH DSHQDV FRP D EDJDJHP GH PmR SDVWD FRPSXWDGRU SRUWiWLO H WHOHIRQH FHOXODU 2 QRYR DWULEXWR GD YRODWLOLGDGH IH] GH WRGR FRPSURPLVVR HVSHFLDOPHQWH GR FRPSURPLVVR HVWiYHO DOJR DR PHVPR WHPSR UHGXQGDQWH H SRXFR inteligente: seu estabelecimento paralisaria o movimento H IXJLULD GD GHVHMDGD FRPSHWLWLYLGDGH UHGX]LQGR a priori as opções que poderiam levar ao aumento da produtividade. %$80$1 = Modernidade lÃquida 5LR GH -DQHLUR =DKDU 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ FXOWXUD ED JRY EU $FHVVR HP MDQ
1R WH[WR ID] VH UHIHUrQFLD D XP SURFHVVR GH WUDQVIRUPDomR $ LPDJHP UHWUDWD XPD SUiWLFD FXOWXUDO EUDVLOHLUD FXMD UDL] GR PXQGR SURGXWLYR FXMD FRQVHTXrQFLD p R D
KLVWyULFD HVWi DVVRFLDGD j A UHJXODPHQWDomR GH OHLV WUDEDOKLVWDV PDLV UtJLGDV B IUDJLOL]DomR GDV UHODo}HV KLHUiUTXLFDV GH WUDEDOKR A liberdade religiosa. C GHFUpVFLPR GR Q~PHUR GH IXQFLRQiULRV GDV HPSUHVDV B PLJUDomR IRUoDGD D incentivo ao investimento de longos planos de C GHYRomR HFXPrQLFD carreiras. D DWLYLGDGH PLVVLRQiULD E GHVYDORUL]DomR GRV SRVWRV GH JHUHQFLDPHQWR E PRELOL]DomR SROtWLFD corporativo.
&+ ž GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB4*
2016
QUESTÃO 07
QUESTÃO 09
2V HVFUDYRV WRUQDP VH SURSULHGDGH QRVVD VHMD HP YLUWXGH GD OHL FLYLO VHMD GD OHL FRPXP GRV SRYRV HP virtude da lei civil, se qualquer pessoa de mais de vinte DQRV SHUPLWLU D YHQGD GH VL SUySULD FRP D ¿QDOLGDGH GH lucrar conservando uma parte do preço da compra; e em YLUWXGH GD OHL FRPXP GRV SRYRV VmR QRVVRV HVFUDYRV DTXHOHV TXH IRUDP FDSWXUDGRV QD JXHUUD H DTXHOHV TXH VmR ¿OKRV GH QRVVDV HVFUDYDV
$ H[SHULrQFLD GR PRYLPHQWR RUJDQL]DGR GH PXOKHUHV QR %UDVLO RIHUHFH H[FHOHQWH H[HPSOR GH FRPR VH SRGH XWLOL]DU D OHL HP IDYRU GD PHOKRULD GR status MXUtGLFR GD FRQGLomR VRFLDO GR DYDQoR QR VHQWLGR GH XPD SUHVHQoD PDLV HIHWLYD QR SURFHVVR GH GHFLVmR SROtWLFD $R ORQJR GH quase todo o século XX, com mais intensidade em algumas décadas do que em outras, as mulheres brasileiras FRQVHJXLUDP REWHU YLWyULDV H[SUHVVLYDV $OJXPDV YH]HV DEROLQGR GLVSRVLWLYRV OHJDLV GLVFULPLQDWyULRV RXWUDV conseguindo aprovar novas leis.
CARDOSO, C. F. Trabalho compulsório na Antiguidade 6mR 3DXOR *UDDO
A obra Institutas GR MXULVWD $HOLXV 0DUFLDQXV VpFXOR ,,, G & TABAK, F. A lei como instrumento de mudança social. In: TABAK, F.; VERUCCI, F. LQVWUXL VREUH D HVFUDYLGmR QD 5RPD DQWLJD 1R GLUHLWR A difÃcil igualdade: os direitos da mulher como direitos humanos. 5LR GH -DQHLUR 5HOXPH 'XPDUi e na sociedade romana desse perÃodo, os escravos compunham uma $ DWXDomR GR PRYLPHQWR VRFLDO DERUGDGR QR WH[WR resultou, na década de 1930, em A PmR GH REUD HVSHFLDOL]DGD SURWHJLGD SHOD OHL A direito de voto. B IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR VHP D SUHVHQoD GH H[ FLGDGmRV C categoria de trabalhadores oriundos dos mesmos B garantia de cotas. povos. C acesso ao trabalho. D FRQGLomR OHJDO LQGHSHQGHQWH GD RULJHP pWQLFD GR D RUJDQL]DomR SDUWLGiULD indivÃduo. E igualdade de oportunidades. E comunidade criada a partir do estabelecimento das leis escritas. QUESTÃO 10
QUESTÃO 08 Estamos, pois, de acordo quando, ao ver algum REMHWR GL]HPRV ³(VWH REMHWR TXH HVWRX YHQGR DJRUD WHP tendência para assemelhar-se a um outro ser, mas, por WHU GHIHLWRV QmR FRQVHJXH VHU WDO FRPR R VHU HP TXHVWmR H OKH p SHOR FRQWUiULR LQIHULRU´ $VVLP SDUD SRGHUPRV ID]HU HVWDV UHÀH[}HV p QHFHVViULR TXH DQWHV WHQKDPRV WLGR RFDVLmR GH FRQKHFHU HVVH VHU GH TXH VH DSUR[LPD R GLWR REMHWR DLQGD TXH LPSHUIHLWDPHQWH 3/$7Â2 Fédon 6mR 3DXOR $EULO &XOWXUDO
Na epistemologia platônica, conhecer um determinado REMHWR LPSOLFD A estabelecer semelhanças entre o que é observado em momentos distintos. B FRPSDUDU R REMHWR REVHUYDGR FRP XPD GHVFULomR detalhada dele. C GHVFUHYHU FRUUHWDPHQWH DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR REMHWR observado. D ID]HU FRUUHVSRQGrQFLD HQWUH R REMHWR REVHUYDGR H seu ser. E LGHQWL¿FDU RXWUR H[HPSODU LGrQWLFR DR REVHUYDGR
&+ ž GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
1R DQLYHUViULR GR SULPHLUR GHFrQLR GD 0DUFKD VREUH 5RPD HP RXWXEUR GH 0XVVROLQL LUi LQDXJXUDU VXD Via dell Impero; a nova Via Sacra do Fascismo, ornada FRP HVWiWXDV GH &pVDU $XJXVWR 7UDMDQR VHUYLUi DR FXOWR GR DQWLJR H j JOyULD GR ,PSpULR 5RPDQR H GH HVSDoR FRPHPRUDWLYR GR XIDQLVPR LWDOLDQR ¬V VRPEUDV GR SDVVDGR recriado ergue-se a nova Roma, que pode vangloriar-se e FHOHEUDU VHXV LPSHUDGRUHV H KRPHQV IRUWHV VHXV JUDQGHV SRHWDV H DSyORJRV FRPR +RUiFLR H 9LUJtOLR 6,/9$ * História antiga e usos do passado: um estudo de apropriações da Antiguidade VRE R UHJLPH GH 9LFK\ 6mR 3DXOR $QQDEOXPH DGDSWDGR
$ UHWRPDGD GD $QWLJXLGDGH FOiVVLFD SHOD SHUVSHFWLYD GR SDWULP{QLR FXOWXUDO IRL UHDOL]DGD FRP R REMHWLYR GH A D¿UPDU R LGHiULR FULVWmR SDUD UHFRQTXLVWDU D grandeza perdida. B XWLOL]DU RV YHVWtJLRV UHVWDXUDGRV SDUD MXVWL¿FDU R regime polÃtico. C GLIXQGLU RV VDEHUHV DQFHVWUDLV SDUD PRUDOL]DU RV costumes sociais. D UHID]HU R XUEDQLVPR FOiVVLFR SDUD IDYRUHFHU D SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD E UHFRPSRU D RUJDQL]DomR UHSXEOLFDQD SDUD IRUWDOHFHU D DGPLQLVWUDomR HVWDWDO
*BR0975SAB5*
2016
QUESTÃO 11
QUESTÃO 13
2V GLDV GR 1X FRPR XP GRV ~OWLPRV ULRV GH FXUVR OLYUH GD UHJLmR HVWmR WHUPLQDQGR 2 JRYHUQR FKLQrV surpreendeu ambientalistas este ano ao reavivar planos GH FRQVWUXLU XVLQDV KLGUHOpWULFDV HP iUHDV UHPRWDV GR FXUVR VXSHULRU GR 1X R FHQWUR GH XP 3DWULP{QLR 0XQGLDO da Unesco na provÃncia de Yunnan, sudoeste da China, TXH VH FODVVL¿FD HQWUH RV OXJDUHV HFRORJLFDPHQWH PDLV GLYHUVL¿FDGRV H IUiJHLV GR PXQGR 2V FUtWLFRV GL]HP TXH R SURMHWR REULJDUi D UHPDQHMDU GH]HQDV GH PLQRULDV pWQLFDV QRV SODQDOWRV GH <XQQDQ H GHVWUXLUi RV FDPSRV GH GHVRYD GH GH]HQDV GH HVSpFLHV GH SHL[HV DPHDoDGDV
Enquanto o pensamento de Santo Agostinho UHSUHVHQWD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH XPD ¿ORVR¿D FULVWm LQVSLUDGD HP 3ODWmR R SHQVDPHQWR GH 6mR 7RPiV UHDELOLWD D ¿ORVR¿D GH $ULVWyWHOHV Ê&#x160; DWp HQWmR YLVWD VRE VXVSHLWD SHOD ,JUHMD Ê&#x160; PRVWUDQGR VHU SRVVtYHO GHVHQYROYHU XPD OHLWXUD GH $ULVWyWHOHV FRPSDWtYHO FRP D GRXWULQD FULVWm 2 DULVWRWHOLVPR GH 6mR 7RPiV DEULX caminho para o estudo da obra aristotélica e para a OHJLWLPDomR GR LQWHUHVVH SHODV FLrQFLDV QDWXUDLV XP GRV SULQFLSDLV PRWLYRV GR LQWHUHVVH SRU $ULVWyWHOHV nesse perÃodo. 0$5&21'(6 ' 7H[WRV EiVLFRV GH ¿ORVR¿D 5LR GH -DQHLUR =DKDU
'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ IROKD XRO FRP EU $FHVVR HP PDLR DGDSWDGR
$ ,JUHMD &DWyOLFD SRU PXLWR WHPSR LPSHGLX D GLYXOJDomR GD (VVH SURMHWR VLQDOL]D XPD LQWHUIHUrQFLD QR PHLR ItVLFR REUD GH $ULVWyWHOHV SHOR IDWR GH D REUD DULVWRWpOLFD PRWLYDGD SHOR D
A YDORUL]DU D LQYHVWLJDomR FLHQWt¿FD FRQWUDULDQGR FHUWRV dogmas religiosos. A EXVFD GR VHWRU SULPiULR SRU LQIUDHVWUXWXUD B GHFODUDU D LQH[LVWrQFLD GH 'HXV FRORFDQGR HP G~YLGD B GHPDQGD GD SRSXODomR SRU HQHUJLDV OLPSDV toda a moral religiosa. C LQWHUHVVH GR (VWDGR HP GLYHUVL¿FDU D PDWUL] C FULWLFDU D ,JUHMD &DWyOLFD LQVWLJDQGR D FULDomR GH energética. outras instituições religiosas. D QHFHVVLGDGH GRV FHQWURV XUEDQRV HP REWHU iJXD D evocar pensamentos de religiões orientais, minando a SRWiYHO H[SDQVmR GR FULVWLDQLVPR E compromisso da iniciativa privada com o E contribuir para o desenvolvimento de sentimentos antirreligiosos, seguindo sua teoria polÃtica. GHVHQYROYLPHQWR VXVWHQWiYHO
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 12
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 14
$ LPSRUWkQFLD GR DUJXPHQWR GH +REEHV HVWi HP SDUWH QR IDWR GH TXH HOH VH DPSDUD HP VXSRVLo}HV EDVWDQWH plausÃveis sobre as condições normais da vida humana. 3DUD H[HPSOL¿FDU R DUJXPHQWR QmR VXS}H TXH WRGRV VHMDP GH IDWR PRYLGRV SRU RUJXOKR H YDLGDGH SDUD EXVFDU R GRPtQLR VREUH RV RXWURV HVVD VHULD XPD VXSRVLomR GLVFXWtYHO TXH SRVVLELOLWDULD D FRQFOXVmR SUHWHQGLGD SRU +REEHV PDV GH PRGR IiFLO GHPDLV 2 TXH WRUQD R DUJXPHQWR DVVXVWDGRU H OKH DWULEXL LPSRUWkQFLD H IRUoD 52'5,*8(6 - ( 5 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH 8QLGDGHV GH &RQVHUYDomR Revista dos Tribunais GUDPiWLFD p TXH HOH DFUHGLWD TXH SHVVRDV QRUPDLV DWp PHVPR DV PDLV DJUDGiYHLV SRGHP VHU LQDGYHUWLGDPHQWH $ GLYHUVLGDGH QD FODVVL¿FDomR GDV XQLGDGHV GH ODQoDGDV QHVVH WLSR GH VLWXDomR TXH UHVYDODUi HQWmR HP FRQVHUYDomR GH¿QLGDV SHOD OHL UHYHOD D H[LVWrQFLD GH XP um estado de guerra. impasse, pois $ /HL GR 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH 8QLGDGHV GH &RQVHUYDomR VXUJH GH XP FRQÃ&#x20AC;LWR PXLWR VpULR GH LQWHUHVVHV GH XP ODGR D DWLYLGDGH LOLPLWDGD H H[SDQVLYD GH H[SORUDomR GH UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV GH RXWUR D QHFHVVLGDGH GH JDUDQWLU D PDQXWHQomR GDV EDVHV QDWXUDLV SDUD D H[LVWrQFLD GR KRPHP H SDUD D SUySULD FRQWLQXLGDGH GD DWLYLGDGH HFRQ{PLFD H[SDQVLYD TXH VH TXHU UHSUHVDU
5$:/6 - &RQIHUrQFLDV VREUH D KLVWyULD GD ¿ORVR¿D SROtWLFD. 6mR 3DXOR :0) DGDSWDGR
A UHVWULQJH R XVR GD SRSXODomR ORFDO j IXQomR WXUtVWLFD B amplia as possibilidades do termo desenvolvimento VXVWHQWiYHO
2 WH[WR DSUHVHQWD XPD FRQFHSomR GH ¿ORVR¿D SROtWLFD conhecida como
A D devolve a gerência desses espaços para o poder B S~EOLFR C E JDUDQWH D SULRULGDGH GD FULDomR GH QRYDV iUHDV QR D espaço rural. E C UHIRUoD D OyJLFD GD SUHVHUYDomR GRV UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV
DOLHQDomR LGHROyJLFD PLFURItVLFD GR SRGHU estado de natureza. contrato social. vontade geral.
&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB6*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 15
48,12 0DIDOGD 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ QRYD DFURSROH SW $FHVVR HP IHY
$ ¿JXUD GR LQTXLOLQR DR TXDO D SHUVRQDJHP GD WLULQKD VH UHIHUH p R D
A B C D E
FRQVWUDQJLPHQWR SRU ROKDUHV GH UHSURYDomR FRVWXPH LPSRVWR DRV ¿OKRV SRU FRDomR FRQVFLrQFLD GD REULJDomR PRUDO pessoa habitante da mesma casa. temor de possÃvel castigo.
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 16 Flor da negritude 1DVFLGR QXPD FDVD DQWLJD SHTXHQD FRP JUDQGH TXLQWDO DUERUL]DGR ORFDOL]DGD QR VXE~UELR GH /LQV GH 9DVFRQFHORV R 5HQDVFHQoD &OXEH IRL IXQGDGR SRU VyFLRV WRGRV QHJURV %XVFDYD VH LQVWDXUDU SRU PHLR GR 5HQDVFHQoD XP FDPSR GH UHODo}HV HP TXH RV ¿OKRV GH IDPtOLDV QHJUDV EHP VXFHGLGDV SXGHVVHP HQFRQWUDU SHVVRDV FRQVLGHUDGDV GR PHVPR QtYHO VRFLDO H FXOWXUDO SDUD ¿QV GH DPL]DGH RX FDVDPHQWR 2V KRPHQV XVDYDP WUDMHV REULJDWRULDPHQWH IRUPDLV Ã&#x20AC;RUHV QD ODSHOD jV YH]HV GH summer RX DWp GH IUDTXH $V PXOKHUHV VH YHVWLDP FRP PXLWDV VHGDV FHWLQV H UHQGDV QmR HVTXHFHQGR DV OXYDV H RV FKDSpXV *,$&20,1, 6 0 Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional VHW DGDSWDGR
1R LQtFLR GRV DQRV D IXQGDomR GR 5HQDVFHQoD &OXEH FRPR HVSDoR GH FRQYLYrQFLD GHPRQVWUD R D
A B C D E
LQH[SHULrQFLD DVVRFLDWLYD TXH OHYRX D HOLWH QHJUD D LPLWDU RV FOXEHV GRV EUDQFRV isolamento da comunidade destacada que ignorava a democracia racial brasileira. LQWHUHVVH GH XP JUXSR GH QHJURV QD D¿UPDomR VRFLDO SDUD VH OLYUDU GR SUHFRQFHLWR H[LVWrQFLD GH XPD HOLWH QHJUD LPXQH DR SUHFRQFHLWR SHOD SRVLomR VRFLDO TXH RFXSDYD FULDomR GH XP UDFLVPR LQYHUWLGR TXH LPSHGLD D SUHVHQoD GH SHVVRDV EUDQFDV QHVVHV FOXEHV
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 17 8PD IiEULFD QD TXDO RV RSHUiULRV IRVVHP HIHWLYD H LQWHJUDOPHQWH VLPSOHV SHoDV GH PiTXLQDV H[HFXWDQGR FHJDPHQWH DV RUGHQV GD GLUHomR SDUDULD HP TXLQ]H PLQXWRV 2 FDSLWDOLVPR Vy SRGH IXQFLRQDU FRP D FRQWULEXLomR FRQVWDQWH GD DWLYLGDGH SURSULDPHQWH KXPDQD GH VHXV VXEMXJDGRV TXH DR PHVPR WHPSR WHQWD UHGX]LU H GHVXPDQL]DU o mais possÃvel. CASTORIADIS, C. A instituição imaginária da sociedade 5LR GH -DQHLUR 3D] H 7HUUD
2 WH[WR GHVWDFD DOpP GD GLQkPLFD PDWHULDO GR FDSLWDOLVPR D LPSRUWkQFLD GD GLPHQVmR VLPEyOLFD GD VRFLHGDGH TXH consiste em A B C D
HODERUDU VLJQL¿FDo}HV H YDORUHV QR PXQGR SDUD GRWi OR GH XP VHQWLGR TXH WUDQVFHQGH D FRQFUHWXGH GD YLGD HVWDEHOHFHU UHODo}HV O~GLFDV HQWUH D YLGD H D UHDOLGDGH VHP D SUHWHQVmR GH WUDQVIRUPDU R PXQGR GRV KRPHQV DWXDU VREUH D YLYrQFLD UHDO H PRGL¿Fi OD SDUD HVWDEHOHFHU UHODo}HV LQWHUSHVVRDLV EDVHDGDV QR LQWHUHVVH P~WXR FULDU GLVFXUVRV GHVWLQDGRV D H[HUFHU R FRQYHQFLPHQWR VREUH DXGLrQFLDV LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GDV SRVLo}HV GHIHQGLGDV E GHIHQGHU D FDULGDGH FRPR UHDOL]DomR SHVVRDO SRU PHLR GH SUiWLFDV DVVLVWHQFLDLV QD GHIHVD GRV PHQRV IDYRUHFLGRV &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 18
*BR0975SAB7*
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 20
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$ UHODomR HQWUH MXVWLoD H SOXUDOLGDGH DSUHVHQWDGD SHOD DXWRUD HVWi LQGLFDGD HP A $ FRPSOH[LGDGH GD VRFLHGDGH OLPLWD R H[HUFtFLR GD MXVWLoD H D LPSHGH GH DWXDU D IDYRU GD GLYHUVLGDGH cultural. B $ GLYHUVLGDGH FXOWXUDO H GH YDORUHV WRUQD D MXVWLoD PDLV FRPSOH[D H GLVWDQWH GH XP SDUkPHWUR JHUDO orientador. C 2 SDSHO GD MXVWLoD UHIHUH VH j PDQXWHQomR GH SULQFtSLRV ¿[RV H LQFRQGLFLRQDLV HP IXQomR GD diversidade cultural e de valores. D 2 SUHVVXSRVWR GD MXVWLoD p IRPHQWDU R FULWpULR GH LJXDOGDGH D ¿P GH TXH HVVH YDORU WRUQH VH DEVROXWR OITICICA, H. Parangolé 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ PXKND EH $FHVVR HP PDLR em todas as sociedades. ,QVSLUDGD HP IDQWDVLDV GH &DUQDYDO D DUWH DSUHVHQWDGD VH E 2 DVSHFWR IXQGDPHQWDO GD MXVWLoD p R H[HUFtFLR GH RSXQKD j FRQFHSomR GH SDWULP{QLR YLJHQWH QDV GpFDGDV GRPLQDomR H FRQWUROH HYLWDQGR D GHVLQWHJUDomR GH GH H QD PHGLGD HP TXH XPD VRFLHGDGH GLYHUVL¿FDGD A VH DSURSULDYD GDV H[SUHVV}HV GD FXOWXUD SRSXODU SDUD SURGX]LU XPD DUWH HIrPHUD GHVWLQDGD DR SURWHVWR QUESTÃ&#x192;O 19 B UHVJDWDYD VtPERORV DPHUtQGLRV H DIULFDQRV SDUD VH $ UHQDWXUDOL]DomR GH ULRV H FyUUHJRV p Ki PXLWR DGDSWDU D H[SRVLo}HV HP HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV WHPSR XPD UHDOLGDGH QD (XURSD QR -DSmR QD &RUHLD GR C DEVRUYLD HOHPHQWRV JUi¿FRV GD SURSDJDQGD SDUD FULDU Sul, nos Estados Unidos e em outros paÃses. No Brasil REMHWRV FRPHUFLDOL]iYHLV SHODV JDOHULDV DLQGD VmR PXLWR WtPLGDV DV LQLFLDWLYDV PDV DOJXPDV D valorizava elementos da arte popular para construir SRXFDV FLGDGHV HVWmR DGRWDQGR HVVD LPSRUWDQWH SUiWLFD representações da identidade brasileira. 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS VRVULRVGREUDVLO EORJVSRW FRP EU $FHVVR HP GH] DGDSWDGR E incorporava elementos da cultura de massa para $ OHJLVODomR EUDVLOHLUD DYDQoRX DR HVWDEHOHFHU FRPR DWHQGHU jV H[LJrQFLDV GRV PXVHXV XQLGDGH WHUULWRULDO SDUD D JHVWmR GHVVH UHFXUVR A B C D E
os biomas. DV UHVHUYDV HFROyJLFDV as unidades do relevo. DV EDFLDV KLGURJUi¿FDV DV iUHDV GH SUHVHUYDomR DPELHQWDO
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*BR0975SAB8*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 21
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 23
2 0DU GH $UDO ORFDOL]DGR HQWUH R &D]DTXLVWmR H R 8]EHTXLVWmR HUD DWp R TXDUWR PDLRU ODJR GR PXQGR FREULQGR XPD iUHD GH PLO TXLO{PHWURV TXDGUDGRV FRP XP YROXPH HVWLPDGR GH PDLV GH TXLO{PHWURV F~ELFRV O Aral e toda a bacia do lago ganharam notoriedade mundial como uma das maiores degradações ambientais GR VpFXOR ;; FDXVDGDV SHOR KRPHP e UHIHULGD FRPR D ³&KHUQRE\O &DODGD´ XPD FDWiVWURIH VLOHQFLRVD TXH HYROXLX OHQWDPHQWH GH IRUPD TXDVH LPSHUFHSWtYHO DR ORQJR GDV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV 2 IXWXUR GR $UDO p LQFHUWR $ ~QLFD FHUWH]D p TXH R ODJR p DJRUD FHQiULR GH XPD FDWiVWURIH DPELHQWDO j PHGLGD TXH R QtYHO GH iJXD GHFOLQD H R HFRVVLVWHPD GHJUDGD VH SURYRFDQGR XP DPELHQWH GH GHWHULRUDomR H FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD H GH VD~GH SUHFiULDV SDUD RV SRYRV TXH YLYHP jV PDUJHQV GR ODJR
1RVVDV YLGDV VmR GRPLQDGDV QmR Vy SHODV LQXWLOLGDGHV GH QRVVRV FRQWHPSRUkQHRV FRPR WDPEpP SHODV GH KRPHQV TXH Mi PRUUHUDP Ki YiULDV JHUDo}HV $OpP disso, cada inutilidade ganha credibilidade e reverência FRP FDGD GpFDGD SDVVDGD GHVGH VXD SURPXOJDomR ,VVR VLJQL¿FD TXH FDGD VLWXDomR VRFLDO HP TXH QRV HQFRQWUDPRV QmR Vy p GH¿QLGD SRU QRVVRV FRQWHPSRUkQHRV FRPR DLQGD SUHGH¿QLGD SRU QRVVRV SUHGHFHVVRUHV (VVH IDWR p H[SUHVVR QR DIRULVPR VHJXQGR R TXDO RV PRUWRV VmR PDLV poderosos que os vivos. %(5*(5 3 Perspectivas sociológicas XPD YLVmR KXPDQtVWLFD 3HWUySROLV 9R]HV DGDSWDGR
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A SHUPDQHFHP FRPR GHWHUPLQDo}HV GD RUJDQL]DomR social. 2V LPSDFWRV DPELHQWDLV QR 0DU GH $UDO VmR GLUHWDPHQWH resultantes da B promovem o esquecimento dos costumes. A H[SORUDomR GH SHWUyOHR HP iJXDV SURIXQGDV GHVVH C FRQ¿JXUDP D VXSHUDomR GH YDORUHV PDU SDUD DWHQGHU j GHPDQGD FHQWUR DVLiWLFD D sobrevivem como heranças sociais. B DSOLFDomR GH SHVWLFLGDV QDV ODYRXUDV GH VHX HQWRUQR E atuam como aptidões instintivas. para aumentar a produtividade. C FRQVWUXomR GH HGL¿FDo}HV HP VXDV PDUJHQV SDUD desenvolver a atividade turÃstica. D XWLOL]DomR GH VXDV iJXDV SDUD DWHQGHU jV QHFHVVLGDGHV GD LQG~VWULD SHVTXHLUD E H[WUDomR GDV iJXDV GH VHXV DÃ&#x20AC;XHQWHV SDUD D LUULJDomR de lavouras.
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 22 Ã&#x201D; ô, com tanto pau no mato (PED~ED p FRURQp Com tanto pau no mato, ê ê Com tanto pau no mato (PED~ED p FRURQp Embaúba iUYRUH FRPXP H LQ~WLO SRU VHU SRGUH SRU dentro, segundo o historiador Stanley Stein. STEIN, S. J. Vassouras XP PXQLFtSLR EUDVLOHLUR GR FDIp 5LR GH -DQHLUR 1RYD )URQWHLUD DGDSWDGR
2V YHUVRV ID]HP SDUWH GH XP MRQJR JrQHUR SRpWLFR musical cantado por escravos e seus descendentes no %UDVLO QR VpFXOR ;,; H SURFXUDP H[SUHVVDU D A H[SORUDomR UXUDO B bravura senhorial. C resistência cultural. D violência escravista. E ideologia paternalista. &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
2016
*BR0975SAB9*
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 24 TEXTO I Embora eles, artistas modernos, se deem como novos precursores duma arte a ir, nada ĂŠ mais velho que a arte DQRUPDO 'H Ki PXLWRV Mi TXH D HVWXGDP RV SVLTXLDWUDV HP VHXV WUDWDGRV GRFXPHQWDQGR VH QRV LQ~PHURV GHVHQKRV TXH RUQDP DV SDUHGHV LQWHUQDV GRV PDQLF{PLRV (VVDV FRQVLGHUDo}HV VmR SURYRFDGDV SHOD H[SRVLomR GD 6UD 0DOIDWWL 6HMDP VLQFHURV IXWXULVPR FXELVPR LPSUHVVLRQLVPR H tutti quanti QmR SDVVDP GH RXWURV WDQWRV UDPRV GD DUWH FDULFDWXUDO /2%$72 0 3DUDQRLD RX PLVWLÂżFDomR D SURSyVLWR GD H[SRVLomR GH $QLWD 0DOIDWWL O Estado de SĂŁo Paulo GH] DGDSWDGR
TEXTO II $QLWD 0DOIDWWL SRVVXLGRUD GH XPD DOWD FRQVFLrQFLD GR TXH ID] D YLEUDQWH DUWLVWD QmR WHPHX OHYDQWDU FRP RV VHXV cinquenta trabalhos as mais irritadas opiniĂľes e as mais contrariantes hostilidades. As suas telas chocam o preconceito IRWRJUiÂżFR TXH JHUDOPHQWH VH OHYD QR HVStULWR SDUD DV QRVVDV H[SRVLo}HV GH SLQWXUD 1D DUWH D UHDOLGDGH QD LOXVmR p R TXH WRGRV SURFXUDP ( RV QDWXUDOLVWDV PDLV SHUIHLWRV VmR RV TXH PHOKRU FRQVHJXHP LOXGLU $1'5$'( 2 $ H[SRVLomR $QLWD 0DOIDWWL Jornal do Commercio MDQ DGDSWDGR
TEXTO III
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A B C D
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*BR0975SAB10*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 25
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 26 A atividade atualmente chamada de ciência tem VH PRVWUDGR IDWRU LPSRUWDQWH QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD FLYLOL]DomR OLEHUDO VHUYLX SDUD HOLPLQDU FUHQoDV H SUiWLFDV VXSHUVWLFLRVDV SDUD DIDVWDU WHPRUHV EURWDGRV GD LJQRUkQFLD H SDUD IRUQHFHU EDVH LQWHOHFWXDO GH DYDOLDomR GH FRVWXPHV KHUGDGRV H GH QRUPDV tradicionais de conduta. 1$*(/ ( HW DO Ciência QDWXUH]D H REMHWLYR 6mR 3DXOR &XOWUL[ DGDSWDGR
Quais caracterÃsticas permitem conceber a ciência com os aspectos crÃticos mencionados? A $SUHVHQWDU H[SOLFDo}HV HP XPD OLQJXDJHP determinada e isenta de erros. B 3RVVXLU SURSRVLo}HV TXH VmR UHFRQKHFLGDV FRPR LQTXHVWLRQiYHLV H QHFHVViULDV C 6HU IXQGDPHQWDGD HP XP FRUSR GH FRQKHFLPHQWR autoevidente e verdadeiro. D Estabelecer rigorosa correspondência entre princÃpios H[SOLFDWLYRV H IDWRV REVHUYDGRV E Constituir-se como saber organizado ao permitir FODVVL¿FDo}HV GHGX]LGDV GD UHDOLGDGH
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 27
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A eugenia, tal como originalmente concebida, era D DSOLFDomR GH ³ERDV SUiWLFDV GH PHOKRUDPHQWR´ DR DSULPRUDPHQWR GD HVSpFLH KXPDQD )UDQFLV *DOWRQ IRL R SULPHLUR D VXJHULU FRP GHVWDTXH R YDORU GD UHSURGXomR humana controlada, considerando-a produtora do DSHUIHLoRDPHQWR GD HVSpFLH
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A DSURYDomR GH PHGLGDV GH LQFOXVmR VRFLDO D PDQLIHVWDomR GH PLOKDUHV GH SHVVRDV HP SURO GD B DGRomR GH FULDQoDV FRP GLIHUHQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV UHDOL]DomR GH HOHLo}HV SDUD R 6HQDGR ItVLFDV DV SDVVHDWDV UHDOL]DGDV HP SURO GR ¿P GD 'LWDGXUD C HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH OHJLVODomR TXH FRPEDWLD DV 0LOLWDU QR %UDVLO H QD $UJHQWLQD divisões sociais. RV FRPtFLRV H PDQLIHVWDo}HV SRSXODUHV SHOD DEHUWXUD D SULVmR H HVWHULOL]DomR GH SHVVRDV FRP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SROtWLFD GH IRUPD OHQWD H VHJXUD FRQVLGHUDGDV LQIHULRUHV R PRYLPHQWR TXH H[LJLD R GLUHLWR j LJXDOGDGH GH YRWR E GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH SUyWHVHV TXH SRVVLELOLWDYDP D para homens e mulheres. UHDELOLWDomR GH SHVVRDV GH¿FLHQWHV das eleições indiretas no paÃs.
B C D E
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*BR0975SAB11*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 28
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 29
2V ULFRV DGTXLULUDP XPD REULJDomR UHODWLYDPHQWH j FRLVD S~EOLFD XPD YH] TXH GHYHP VXD H[LVWrQFLD DR DWR GH VXEPLVVmR j VXD SURWHomR H ]HOR R TXH QHFHVVLWDP SDUD YLYHU R (VWDGR HQWmR IXQGDPHQWD R VHX GLUHLWR GH FRQWULEXLomR GR TXH p GHOHV QHVVD REULJDomR YLVDQGR D PDQXWHQomR GH VHXV FRQFLGDGmRV ,VVR SRGH VHU UHDOL]DGR SHOD LPSRVLomR GH XP LPSRVWR VREUH D SURSULHGDGH RX D DWLYLGDGH FRPHUFLDO GRV FLGDGmRV RX SHOR HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH IXQGRV H GH XVR GRV MXURV REWLGRV D SDUWLU GHOHV QmR SDUD VXSULU DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GR (VWDGR XPD YH] TXH HVWH é rico), mas para suprir as necessidades do povo.
As camadas dirigentes paulistas na segunda PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;,; UHFRUULDP j KLVWyULD H j ¿JXUD dos bandeirantes. Para os paulistas, desde o inÃcio da FRORQL]DomR RV KDELWDQWHV GH 3LUDWLQLQJD DQWLJR QRPH GH 6mR 3DXOR WLQKDP VLGR UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD DPSOLDomR GR WHUULWyULR QDFLRQDO HQULTXHFHQGR D PHWUySROH SRUWXJXHVD FRP R RXUR H H[SDQGLQGR VXDV SRVVHVV}HV *UDoDV j LQWHJUDomR WHUULWRULDO TXH SURPRYHUDP RV EDQGHLUDQWHV HUDP WLGRV DLQGD FRPR IXQGDGRUHV GD XQLGDGH QDFLRQDO 5HSUHVHQWDYDP D OHDOGDGH j SURYtQFLD GH 6mR 3DXOR H ao Brasil.
KANT, I. A metafÃsica dos costumes %DXUX (GLSUR
6HJXQGR HVVH WH[WR GH .DQW R (VWDGR A deve sustentar todas as pessoas que vivem sob seu SRGHU D ¿P GH TXH D GLVWULEXLomR VHMD SDULWiULD B HVWi DXWRUL]DGR D FREUDU LPSRVWRV GRV FLGDGmRV ULFRV SDUD VXSULU DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV FLGDGmRV SREUHV C dispõe de poucos recursos e, por esse motivo, é obrigado a cobrar impostos idênticos dos seus membros. D GHOHJD DRV FLGDGmRV R GHYHU GH VXSULU DV necessidades do Estado, por causa do seu elevado FXVWR GH PDQXWHQomR E tem a incumbência de proteger os ricos das LPSRVLo}HV SHFXQLiULDV GRV SREUHV SRLV RV ULFRV pagam mais tributos.
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QUESTÃ&#x192;O 30 2EMHWRV WULYLDOL]DGRV SRU VHX ODUJR XVR RV UHOyJLRV VmR PDLV TXH LQVWUXPHQWRV LQGLVSHQViYHLV j URWLQD GLiULD apontam para um modo historicamente construÃdo de lidar com o tempo. O emprego mais rigoroso e cotidiano de instrumentos que registram a passagem do tempo SRGH VHU FRQVWDWDGR SHOD SURGXomR PDVVL¿FDGD GH UHOyJLRV HP HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV QR DPELHQWH GRPpVWLFR H QRV LQFRQWiYHLV PRYLPHQWRV GR KRPHP XUEDQR RXWURUD na algibeira, atualmente no pulso. Em seus ponteiros, a VXFHVVmR GRV LQVWDQWHV p SDGURQL]DGD HP XQLGDGHV ¿[DV horas, minutos, segundos. 6,/9$ ),/+2 $ / 0 Fortaleza LPDJHQV GD FLGDGH )RUWDOH]D 0XVHX GR &HDUi 6HFXOW &( DGDSWDGR
'XUDQWH R VpFXOR ;; HVVD IRUPD GH FRQFHEHU R WHPSR H[SHULPHQWDGD VREUHWXGR QR HVSDoR XUEDQR WUD] LQGtFLRV de uma cultura marcada pela A RUJDQL]DomR GR WHPSR GH PRGR RUJkQLFR H SHVVRDO B UHFXVD DR FRQWUROH GR WHPSR H[HUFLGR SHORV UHOyJLRV C GHPRFUDWL]DomR QRV XVRV H DSURSULDo}HV GR WHPSR cotidiano. D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XPD PDLRU PDWHPDWL]DomR GR WHPSR cotidiano. E XWLOL]DomR GR UHOyJLR FRPR H[SHULrQFLD QDWXUDO GH HODERUDomR GR WHPSR &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB12*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 31 $ LPDJHP DSUHVHQWD XP H[HPSOR GH FURTXL GH VtQWHVH VREUH R WXULVPR QD )UDQoD
Turismo na França BENELUX
ROYAUME-UNI
ALLEMAGNE NORMANDIE
BRETAGNE
VOSGES Châteaux de la Loire JURA
SUISSE
VENDÃ&#x2030;E MASSIF CENTRAL ITALIE ALPES Provence romaine PAYS BASQUE
CÃ&#x201D;TE Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; AZUR LANGUEDOC PYRENÃ&#x2030;ES
Eixos e Fluxos Fluxo de Turistas Estrangeiros Eixos Principais Eixos Secundários
Regiões TurÃsticas Principais Regiões de Turismo Balneário Outras Regiões de Turismo Balneário Turismo de Montanha Turismo Verde
Planejamento Turismo Cultural Muito Importante Litorais Planejados Parques Nacionais
Turismo Cultural Importante
Estações
321786&+.$ 1 1 3$*$1(//, 7 / &$&(7( 1 + 3DUD HQVLQDU H DSUHQGHU JHRJUD¿D 6mR 3DXOR &RUWH] DGDSWDGR
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*BR0975SAB13*
2016
QUESTÃO 32 Carta de princípios $V DOWHUQDWLYDV SURSRVWDV QR )yUXP 6RFLDO 0XQGLDO FRQWUDS}HP VH D XP SURFHVVR GH JOREDOL]DomR FRPDQGDGR pelas grandes corporações multinacionais e pelos governos e instituições internacionais a serviço de seus interesses, com a cumplicidade de governos nacionais. 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS IVPSRD FRP EU $FHVVR HP DJR
2 IyUXP PHQFLRQDGR WHP FRPR REMHWLYR GLVFXWLU SURSRVWDV TXH FRQFUHWL]HP D A SURSRVLomR GD LJXDOGDGH FXOWXUDO HQWUH RV SRYRV B DPSOLDomR GR ÀX[R SRSXODFLRQDO HQWUH RV (VWDGRV C FRQVWUXomR GH XPD UHODomR VROLGiULD HQWUH RV SDtVHV D LQWHQVL¿FDomR GDV UHODo}HV HFRQ{PLFDV HQWUH DV QDo}HV E KRPRJHQHL]DomR GR FRQVXPR HQWUH D SRSXODomR PXQGLDO
QUESTÃO 33
São Luís
CENTRO DE VIGILÂNCIA UNIDADE DE VIGILÂNCIA UNIDADE DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES UNIDADE DE VIGILÂNCIA E TELECOMUNICAÇÕES PELOTÃO DE FRONTEIRA PELOTÃO DE FRONTEIRA EM IMPLANTAÇÃO 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ JHRJUD¿DSDUDWRGRV FRP EU $FHVVR HP DJR
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*BR0975SAB14*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 34
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 35
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SCOVINO, F. Com as armas do inimigo. Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional, Q VHW DGDSWDGR
â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Por que tiraram da parede o retrato de Sua 0DMHVWDGH"
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*BR0975SAB15*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 36
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 37
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QUESTÃ&#x192;O 38 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS DO JR OHJ EU $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR
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*BR0975SAB16*
2016
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 39
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 41
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VERNANT, J.-P. As origens do pensamento grego 5LR GH -DQHLUR 'LIHO DGDSWDGR
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2 WH[WR GHVFUHYH DUJXPHQWRV GRV SULPHLURV SHQVDGRUHV GHQRPLQDGRV SUp VRFUiWLFRV 3DUD HOHV D SULQFLSDO SUHRFXSDomR ÂżORVyÂżFD HUD GH RUGHP A FRVPROyJLFD SURSRQGR XPD H[SOLFDomR UDFLRQDO GR PXQGR IXQGDPHQWDGD QRV HOHPHQWRV GD QDWXUH]D B SROtWLFD GLVFXWLQGR DV IRUPDV GH RUJDQL]DomR GD SyOLV ao estabelecer as regras da democracia. C pWLFD GHVHQYROYHQGR XPD ÂżORVRÂżD GRV YDORUHV YLUWXRVRV TXH WHP D IHOLFLGDGH FRPR R EHP PDLRU D estĂŠtica, procurando investigar a aparĂŞncia dos entes sensĂveis. E KHUPHQrXWLFD FRQVWUXLQGR XPD H[SOLFDomR XQtYRFD da realidade.
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*BR0975SAB17*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 42
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 44
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QUESTÃ&#x192;O 43
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 45 A teoria da democracia participativa é construÃda em WRUQR GD D¿UPDomR FHQWUDO GH TXH RV LQGLYtGXRV H VXDV LQVWLWXLo}HV QmR SRGHP VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV LVRODGDPHQWH $ H[LVWrQFLD GH LQVWLWXLo}HV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV HP QtYHO QDFLRQDO QmR EDVWD SDUD D GHPRFUDFLD SRLV R Pi[LPR GH SDUWLFLSDomR GH WRGDV DV SHVVRDV D VRFLDOL]DomR RX ³WUHLQDPHQWR VRFLDO´ SUHFLVD RFRUUHU HP RXWUDV HVIHUDV GH PRGR TXH DV DWLWXGHV H DV TXDOLGDGHV SVLFROyJLFDV QHFHVViULDV SRVVDP VH GHVHQYROYHU (VVH 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ PDOYDGRV FRP EU $FHVVR HP GH] GHVHQYROYLPHQWR RFRUUH SRU PHLR GR SUySULR SURFHVVR GH $ WLULQKD FRPSDUD GRLV YHtFXORV GH FRPXQLFDomR SDUWLFLSDomR $ SULQFLSDO IXQomR GD SDUWLFLSDomR QD WHRULD DWULEXLQGR GHVWDTXH j GHPRFUiWLFD SDUWLFLSDWLYD p SRUWDQWR HGXFDWLYD A UHVLVWrQFLD GR FDPSR YLUWXDO j DGXOWHUDomR GH GDGRV 3$7(0$1 & Participação e teoria democrática 5LR GH -DQHLUR 3D] H 7HUUD B interatividade dos programas de entretenimento 1HVVD WHRULD D DVVRFLDomR HQWUH SDUWLFLSDomR H HGXFDomR abertos. WHP FRPR IXQGDPHQWR D C FRQ¿DQoD GR WHOHVSHFWDGRU QDV QRWtFLDV YHLFXODGDV A DVFHQVmR GDV FDPDGDV SRSXODUHV D FUHGLELOLGDGH GDV IRQWHV QD HVIHUD FRPSXWDFLRQDO B RUJDQL]DomR GR VLVWHPD SDUWLGiULR E DXWRQRPLD GR LQWHUQDXWD QD EXVFD GH LQIRUPDo}HV C H¿FLrQFLD GD JHVWmR S~EOLFD D DPSOLDomR GD FLGDGDQLD DWLYD E legitimidade do processo legislativo.
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*BR0975SAB18*
2016
CIÃ&#x160;NCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS Questões de 46 a 90 QUESTÃ&#x192;O 46 8P SHVTXLVDGRU SUHSDURX XP IUDJPHQWR GR FDXOH GH XPD Ã&#x20AC;RU GH PDUJDULGD SDUD TXH SXGHVVH VHU REVHUYDGR HP PLFURVFRSLD ySWLFD 7DPEpP SUHSDURX XP IUDJPHQWR GH SHOH GH UDWR FRP D PHVPD ¿QDOLGDGH ,QIHOL]PHQWH DSyV DOJXP GHVFXLGR DV DPRVWUDV IRUDP PLVWXUDGDV 4XH HVWUXWXUDV FHOXODUHV SHUPLWLULDP D VHSDUDomR GDV DPRVWUDV VH UHFRQKHFLGDV" A B C D E
Ribossomos e mitocôndrias, ausentes nas células animais. CentrÃolos e lisossomos, organelas muito numerosas nas plantas. (QYROWyULR QXFOHDU H QXFOpROR FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV GDV FpOXODV HXFDULyWLFDV /LVRVVRPRV H SHUR[LVVRPRV RUJDQHODV H[FOXVLYDV GH FpOXODV YHJHWDLV Parede celular e cloroplastos, estruturas caracterÃsticas de células vegetais.
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 47 2 TXDGUR DSUHVHQWD DOJXQV H[HPSORV GH FRPEXVWtYHLV HPSUHJDGRV HP UHVLGrQFLDV LQG~VWULDV H PHLRV de transporte. CombustÃvel
Temperatura de fusão (°C)
Temperatura de ebulição (°C)
Butano
Etanol
0HWDQR
0HWDQRO
Octano
6mR FRPEXVWtYHLV OtTXLGRV j WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH GH Â&#x192;& A B C D E
Butano, etanol e metano. Etanol, metanol e octano. 0HWDQR PHWDQRO H RFWDQR 0HWDQRO H PHWDQR Octano e butano.
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*BR0975SAB19*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 48
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 50
Um navio petroleiro é capaz de transportar milhares de toneladas de carga. Neste caso, uma grande TXDQWLGDGH GH PDVVD FRQVHJXH Ã&#x20AC;XWXDU
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QUESTÃ&#x192;O 49
$ UHODomR HFROyJLFD HQWUH DV HVSpFLHV ; H = TXDQGR QR mesmo ambiente, é de:
%HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ SRU YROWD GH SHUFHEHX TXH GRLV EDUFRV TXH FRPSXQKDP D IURWD FRP D TXDO YLDMDYD SDUD /RQGUHV SHUPDQHFLDP HVWiYHLV HQTXDQWR RV RXWURV HUDP MRJDGRV SHOR YHQWR $R TXHVWLRQDU R SRUTXr GDTXHOH IHQ{PHQR IRL LQIRUPDGR SHOR FDSLWmR TXH SURYDYHOPHQWH RV FR]LQKHLURV KDYLDP DUUHPHVVDGR yOHR SHORV ODGRV GRV EDUFRV ,QTXLULQGR mais a respeito, soube que habitantes das ilhas do 3DFt¿FR MRJDYDP yOHR QD iJXD SDUD LPSHGLU TXH R YHQWR a agitasse e atrapalhasse a pesca.
A B C D E
3UHGDomR Parasitismo. &RPSHWLomR Comensalismo. 3URWRFRRSHUDomR
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 51 $GLFLRQDU TXDQWLGDGHV GH iOFRRO j JDVROLQD GLIHUHQWHV GDTXHODV GHWHUPLQDGDV SHOD OHJLVODomR p XPD GDV IRUPDV GH DGXOWHUi OD 8P WHVWH VLPSOHV SDUD DIHULU D TXDQWLGDGH GH iOFRRO SUHVHQWH QD PLVWXUD FRQVLVWH HP DGLFLRQDU XPD VROXomR VDOLQD DTXRVD j DPRVWUD GH JDVROLQD VRE DQiOLVH
(P )UDQNOLQ UHVROYHX WHVWDU R IHQ{PHQR MRJDQGR XPD FROKHU GH FKi P/ GH yOHR GH ROLYD HP XP ODJR RQGH SHTXHQDV RQGDV HUDP IRUPDGDV 0DLV FXULRVR TXH R HIHLWR GH DFDOPDU DV RQGDV IRL R IDWR GH TXH R yOHR KDYLD VH HVSDOKDGR FRPSOHWDPHQWH SHOR ODJR QXPD iUHD Essa metodRORJLD GH DQiOLVH SRGH VHU XVDGD SRUTXH R D
GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH P IRUPDQGR XP ¿OPH ¿QR A iJXD GD VROXomR VDOLQD LQWHUDJH FRP D JDVROLQD (PERUD QmR WHQKD VLGR D LQWHQomR RULJLQDO GH )UDQNOLQ GD PLVWXUD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH HVVH H[SHULPHQWR SHUPLWH XPD HVWLPDWLYD GD RUGHP GH iOFRRO SXUR grandeza do tamanho das moléculas. Para isso, basta B iOFRRO FRQWLGR QD JDVROLQD LQWHUDJH FRP D VROXomR VXSRU TXH R yOHR VH HVSDOKD DWp IRUPDU XPD FDPDGD FRP VDOLQD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH XPD ~QLFD PROpFXOD GH HVSHVVXUD gasolina pura. 5$026 & + , +LVWyULD CBME Informação Q MDQ DGDSWDGR C JDVROLQD GD PLVWXUD VRE DQiOLVH LQWHUDJH FRP D 1DV FRQGLo}HV GR H[SHULPHQWR UHDOL]DGR SRU )UDQNOLQ DV VROXomR VDOLQD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH PROpFXODV GR yOHR DSUHVHQWDP XP WDPDQKR GD RUGHP GH iOFRRO SXUR 3 D iJXD GD VROXomR VDOLQD LQWHUDJH FRP R iOFRRO GD A 10 m. PLVWXUD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH JDVROLQD B 10 m. com o sal. C 10 m. E iOFRRO FRQWLGR QD JDVROLQD LQWHUDJH FRP R VDO GD D 10 9 m. VROXomR VDOLQD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH E 10 11 m. JDVROLQD PDLV iJXD
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB20*
2016
QUESTÃO 52 $ FUHVFHQWH SURGXomR LQGXVWULDO ODQoD DR DU GLYHUVDV VXEVWkQFLDV Wy[LFDV TXH SRGHP VHU UHPRYLGDV SHOD SDVVDJHP GR DU FRQWDPLQDGR HP WDQTXHV SDUD ¿OWUDomR SRU PDWHULDLV SRURVRV RX SDUD GLVVROXomR HP iJXD RX VROYHQWHV RUJkQLFRV GH EDL[D SRODULGDGH RX SDUD QHXWUDOL]DomR HP VROXo}HV iFLGDV RX EiVLFDV 8P GRV SROXHQWHV PDLV Wy[LFRV OLEHUDGRV QD DWPRVIHUD SHOD DWLYLGDGH LQGXVWULDO p D WHWUDFORURGLR[LQD
CI
O
CI
CI
O
CI
Esse poluente pode ser removido do ar pela passagem através de tanques contendo A B C D E
KH[DQR metanol. iJXD GHVWLODGD iFLGR FORUtGULFR DTXRVR KLGUy[LGR GH DP{QLR DTXRVR
QUESTÃO 53 8P EDI{PHWUR VLPSOHV FRQVLVWH HP XP WXER FRQWHQGR XPD PLVWXUD VyOLGD GH GLFURPDWR GH SRWiVVLR HP VtOLFD XPHGHFLGD FRP iFLGR VXOI~ULFR 1HVVH WHVWH D GHWHFomR GD HPEULDJXH] SRU FRQVXPR GH iOFRRO VH Gi YLVXDOPHQWH SRLV D UHDomR TXH RFRUUH p D R[LGDomR GR iOFRRO D DOGHtGR H D UHGXomR GR GLFURPDWR DODUDQMDGR D FURPR ,,, YHUGH RX FURPR ,, D]XO
Sopro
Álcool
Solução ácida de dicromato de potássio
$ HTXDomR EDODQFHDGD GD UHDomR TXtPLFD TXH UHSUHVHQWD HVVH WHVWH p A Cr O DT + DT 3 CH3±&+ ±2+ J ĺ &U DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&22+ J
B Cr O DT + DT 3 CH3±&+ ±2+ J ĺ &U3 DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&+2 J
C CrO DT + DT 3 CH3±&+ ±2+ J ĺ &U3 DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&+2 J
D Cr O DT + DT 3 CH3±&+2 J ĺ &U3 DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&22+ J
E CrO DT + DT 3 CH3±&+2 J ĺ &U DT H 2 O 3 CH3±&22+ J
&1 GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB21*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 54
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 55
&OLPDWpULR p R QRPH GH XP HVWiJLR QR SURFHVVR GH DPDGXUHFLPHQWR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV IUXWRV FDUDFWHUL]DGR SHOR DXPHQWR GR QtYHO GD UHVSLUDomR FHOXODU H GR JiV HWLOHQR & H &RPR FRQVHTXrQFLD Ki R HVFXUHFLPHQWR GR IUXWR R TXH UHSUHVHQWD D SHUGD GH PXLWDV WRQHODGDV GH alimentos a cada ano.
8PD IDPtOLD DGTXLULX XP WHOHYLVRU H QR PDQXDO GR XVXiULR FRQVWDYDP DV HVSHFLILFDo}HV WpFQLFDV FRPR apresentado no quadro. Esse televisor permaneceu GLDV HP UHSRXVR stand-by &RQVLGHUH TXH D H¿FLrQFLD HQWUH D JHUDomR H D WUDQVPLVVmR GH HOHWULFLGDGH QD XVLQD é de 30%.
e SRVVtYHO SURORQJDU D YLGD GH XP IUXWR FOLPDWpULFR SHOD HOLPLQDomR GR HWLOHQR SURGX]LGR 1D LQG~VWULD XWLOL]D VH R SHUPDQJDQDWR GH SRWiVVLR .0Q2 ) para R[LGDU R HWLOHQR D HWLOHQRJOLFRO +2&+ CH OH), sendo o SURFHVVR UHSUHVHQWDGR GH IRUPD VLPSOL¿FDGD QD HTXDomR .0Q2 + 3 C H + 2 ĺ 0Q2 + 3 HOCH CH 2+ .2+
Tensão de entrada
AC 100-240 V 50/60Hz
Consumo de potência
:
Potência em repouso
1W
4XH TXDQWLGDGH GH HQHUJLD HP MRXOHV IRL SURGX]LGD QD usina para manter o televisor em stand-by?
O processo de amadurecimento começa quando a A 0FRQFHQWUDomR GH HWLOHQR QR DU HVWi HP FHUFD GH PJ B 0de C H por kg de ar. C 0$V PDVVDV PRODUHV GRV HOHPHQWRV + & 2 . H 0Q VmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH LJXDLV D J PRO J PRO J PRO D 0E 0 J PRO H J PRO $ ¿P GH GLPLQXLU HVVDV SHUGDV VHP GHVSHUGtFLR GH QUESTÃ&#x192;O 56 UHDJHQWHV D PDVVD PtQLPD GH .0Q2 por kg de ar é mais 1D SUHSDUDomR GD PDVVD GR SmR SUHVHQWH QD PHVD SUy[LPD GH GR FDIp GD PDLRULD GRV EUDVLOHLURV XWLOL]D VH R IXQJR Saccharomyces cerevisiae YLYR FRQWLGR QR IHUPHQWR 6XD A PJ ¿QDOLGDGH p ID]HU FRP TXH D PDVVD FUHVoD SRU PHLR GD B 1,0 mg. SURGXomR GH JiV FDUE{QLFR C PJ (VVH SURFHVVR TXtPLFR GH OLEHUDomR GH JiV p causado pela D PJ E PJ
A B C D E
JOLFRJrQHVH OiWLFD IHUPHQWDomR DOFRyOLFD SURGXomR GH iFLGR OiWLFR SURGXomR GH ODFWREDFLORV IRUPDomR GR iFLGR SLU~YLFR
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB22*
2016
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 57
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 59
2 FODGRJUDPD UHSUHVHQWD UHODo}HV ÂżORJHQpWLFDV HQWUH $WXDOPHQWH VROGDGRV HP FDPSR VHMD HP WUHLQDPHQWR RX HP FRPEDWH SRGHP DTXHFHU VXDV UHIHLo}HV SURQWDV os vertebrados. H HPEDODGDV HP EROVDV SOiVWLFDV XWLOL]DQGR DTXHFHGRUHV TXtPLFRV VHP SUHFLVDU ID]HU IRJR 'HQWUR GHVVDV EROVDV AVES MAMĂ?FEROS H[LVWH PDJQpVLR PHWiOLFR HP Sy H TXDQGR R VROGDGR PEIXES ANFĂ?BIOS RĂ&#x2030;PTEIS TXHU DTXHFHU D FRPLGD HOH FRORFD iJXD GHQWUR GD EROVD V IV SURPRYHQGR D UHDomR GHVFULWD SHOD HTXDomR TXtPLFD 0J V + 2 O Äş 0J 2+ V + J NO aquecimento dentro da bolsa ocorre por causa da A UHGXomR VRIULGD SHOR R[LJrQLR TXH p XPD UHDomR III H[RWpUPLFD B R[LGDomR VRIULGD SHOR PDJQpVLR TXH p XPD UHDomR II H[RWpUPLFD I C UHGXomR VRIULGD SHOR PDJQpVLR TXH p XPD UHDomR endotĂŠrmica. D R[LGDomR VRIULGD SHOR KLGURJrQLR TXH p XPD UHDomR A correspondĂŞncia correta entre as indicaçþes numĂŠricas H[RWpUPLFD no cladograma e a caracterĂstica evolutiva ĂŠ: E UHGXomR VRIULGD SHOR KLGURJrQLR TXH p XPD UHDomR A , Âą HQGRWHUPLD endotĂŠrmica. B ,, Âą FROXQD YHUWHEUDO QUESTĂ&#x192;O 58 C ,,, Âą RYR DPQLyWLFR $ XWLOL]DomR GH SODFDV GH DTXHFLPHQWR VRODU FRPR D ,9 Âą UHVSLUDomR SXOPRQDU alternativa ao uso de energia elĂŠtrica representa um E 9 Âą PHPEURV ORFRPRWRUHV importante mecanismo de economia de recursos naturais. Um sistema de aquecimento solar com capacidade de JHUDomR GH HQHUJLD GH 0- GLD SRU PHWUR TXDGUDGR GH SODFD IRL LQVWDODGR SDUD DTXHFHU D iJXD GH XP FKXYHLUR HOpWULFR GH SRWrQFLD GH N: XWLOL]DGR GXUDQWH PHLD KRUD por dia. $ iUHD PtQLPD GD SODFD VRODU GHYH VHU GH A B C D E
1,0 m . P . P . P . P .
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB23*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 60
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 62
Nem sempre é seguro colocar vÃrus inteiros numa YDFLQD $OJXQV VmR WmR SHULJRVRV TXH RV FLHQWLVWDV SUHIHUHP XVDU Vy XP GH VHXV JHQHV ± DTXHOH TXH IDEULFD o antÃgeno, proteÃna que é reconhecida pelas células GH GHIHVD 8PD GHVVDV YDFLQDV GH DOWD WHFQRORJLD p D anti-hepatite B. Um gene do vÃrus é emendado ao DNA GH XP IXQJR LQRIHQVLYR TXH SDVVD HQWmR D SURGX]LU XPD VXEVWkQFLD TXH p LQMHWDGD QR FRUSR KXPDQR
3DUD FRPSDUDU D H¿FLrQFLD GH GLIHUHQWHV FRPEXVWtYHLV costuma-se determinar a quantidade de calor liberada na FRPEXVWmR SRU PRO RX JUDPD GH FRPEXVWtYHO 2 TXDGUR PRVWUD R YDORU GH HQHUJLD OLEHUDGD QD FRPEXVWmR FRPSOHWD de alguns combustÃveis.
VÃrus: guerra silenciosa. Superinteressante Q DJR DGDSWDGR
$ IXQomR GHVVD VXEVWkQFLD SURGX]LGD SHOR IXQJR QR organismo humano é A B C D E
neutralizar proteÃnas virais. LQWHUURPSHU D DomR GDV WR[LQDV OLJDU VH DR SDWyJHQR Mi LQVWDODGR UHFRQKHFHU VXEVWkQFLDV HVWUDQKDV GHVHQFDGHDU D SURGXomR GH DQWLFRUSRV
ǻ+C° a 25 °C (kJ/mol)
+LGURJrQLR + )
(WDQRO & H OH)
0HWDQR &+ )
0HWDQRO &+3OH)
2FWDQR & H )
$V PDVVDV PRODUHV GRV HOHPHQWRV + & H 2 VmR LJXDLV D J PRO J PRO H J PRO UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH ATKINS, P. PrincÃpios de quÃmica 3RUWR $OHJUH %RRNPDQ DGDSWDGR
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 61 3DUD UHFLFODU XP PRWRU GH SRWrQFLD HOpWULFD LJXDO D : XP HVWXGDQWH FRQVWUXLX XP HOHYDGRU H YHUL¿FRX TXH HOH IRL FDSD] GH HUJXHU XPD PDVVD GH NJ D XPD DOWXUD GH PHWURV GXUDQWH PLQXWR &RQVLGHUH D DFHOHUDomR GD JUDYLGDGH P V .
CombustÃvel
4XDO FRPEXVWtYHO DSUHVHQWD PDLRU OLEHUDomR GH HQHUJLD por grama?
A Hidrogênio. B Etanol. C 0HWDQR 4XDO D H¿FLrQFLD DSUR[LPDGD GR VLVWHPD SDUD UHDOL]DU D 0HWDQRO WDO WDUHID" E Octano. A 10% QUESTÃ&#x192;O 63 B A Caatinga é um ecossistema que se encontra nos C lados equatoriais dos desertos quentes, com Ãndices D SOXYLRPpWULFRV PXLWR EDL[RV &KRYH SRXFR QR LQYHUQR E 100% H DV FKXYDV TXDQGR RFRUUHP DFRQWHFHP QR YHUmR $SUHVHQWD SODQWDV VHPHOKDQWHV jV GDV UHJL}HV GH GHVHUWR TXHQWH GR WLSR [HUy¿WDV FRPR DV FDFWiFHDV FRP DGDSWDo}HV jV FRQGLo}HV GH HVFDVVH] GH iJXD SADAVA, D. et al. Vida D FLrQFLD GD ELRORJLD 3RUWR $OHJUH $UWPHG DGDSWDGR
Uma caracterÃstica que permite a sobrevivência dessas SODQWDV QD FRQGLomR GD HVFDVVH] FLWDGD p D SUHVHQoD GH
A B C D E
FDXOH VXEWHUUkQHR VLVWHPD UDGLFXODU IDVFLFXODGR IROKDV PRGL¿FDGDV HP HVSLQKRV SDUrQTXLPD DPLOtIHUR GHVHQYROYLGR OLPER IROLDU GHVSURYLGR GH HVW{PDWRV
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB24*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 64 $ iJXD FRQVXPLGD QD PDLRULD GDV FLGDGHV EUDVLOHLUDV p REWLGD SHOR WUDWDPHQWR GD iJXD GH PDQDQFLDLV $ SDUWH LQLFLDO GR WUDWDPHQWR FRQVLVWH QR SHQHLUDPHQWR H VHGLPHQWDomR GH SDUWtFXODV PDLRUHV 1D HWDSD VHJXLQWH GLVVROYHP VH QD iJXD FDUERQDWR GH VyGLR H HP VHJXLGD VXOIDWR GH DOXPtQLR 2 UHVXOWDGR p D SUHFLSLWDomR GH KLGUy[LGR GH DOXPtQLR TXH p SRXFR VRO~YHO HP iJXD R TXDO OHYD FRQVLJR DV SDUWtFXODV SROXHQWHV PHQRUHV 3RVWHULRUPHQWH D iJXD SDVVD SRU XP SURFHVVR GH GHVLQIHFomR H ¿QDOPHQWH p GLVSRQLELOL]DGD SDUD R FRQVXPR 1R SURFHVVR GHVFULWR D SUHFLSLWDomR GH KLGUy[LGR GH DOXPtQLR p YLDELOL]DGD SRUTXH A B C D E
D GLVVROXomR GR DOXPtQLR UHVIULD D VROXomR R H[FHVVR GH VyGLR LPSRVVLELOLWD VXD VROXELOL]DomR D R[LGDomR SURYRFDGD SHOR VXOIDWR SURGX] KLGUR[LODV DV SDUWtFXODV FRQWDPLQDQWHV PHQRUHV DWUDHP HVVD VXEVWkQFLD R HTXLOtEULR TXtPLFR GR FDUERQDWR HP iJXD WRUQD R PHLR DOFDOLQR
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 65
Almanaque do Biotônico 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ PLQLZHE FRP EU $FHVVR HP DEU DGDSWDGR
2 UyWXOR GR SURGXWR GHVFUHYH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH XPD GRHQoD TXH SRGH VHU SUHYHQLGD FRP R D
A B C D E
uso de calçados. DSOLFDomR GH LQVHWLFLGD XWLOL]DomR GH PRVTXLWHLURV HOLPLQDomR GH iJXD SDUDGD VXEVWLWXLomR GH FDVDV GH EDUUR SRU GH DOYHQDULD
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 66
*BR0975SAB25*
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 69
A corrida dos 100 m rasos é uma das principais SURYDV GR DWOHWLVPR H TXDOL¿FD R KRPHP PDLV UiSLGR GR PXQGR 8P FRUUHGRU GH HOLWH IRL FDSD] GH SHUFRUUHU HVVD GLVWkQFLD HP V FRP SDVVDGDV (OH LQLFLRX D FRUULGD com o pé direito.
Todo ano, cresce a demanda mundial de energia com o aumento das populações e do consumo. Ã&#x2030; cada YH] PDLV QHFHVViULR EXVFDU IRQWHV DOWHUQDWLYDV TXH QmR degradem os recursos do planeta nem comprometam D VREUHYLYrQFLD GDV HVSpFLHV $LQGD Ki PXLWR R TXH VH 2 SHUtRGR GH RVFLODomR GR Sp GLUHLWR GHVVH FRUUHGRU IRL GHVFREULU VREUH R XVR H¿FLHQWH GH UHFXUVRV HQHUJpWLFRV SURYHQLHQWHV GH IRQWHV UHQRYiYHLV PDV HODV HVWmR PDLV PDLV SUy[LPR GH SUy[LPDV GR TXH SDUHFH GD DGRomR HP ODUJD HVFDOD A V %$5%26$ 0 $ VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH GD HQHUJLD UHQRYiYHO Superinteressante Q B V 2V UHFXUVRV HQHUJpWLFRV GR WLSR FLWDGR VmR SURYHQLHQWHV GH C V A pilhas e baterias. D V B usinas nucleares e hidrelétricas. E V C FpOXODV VRODUHV H JHUDGRUHV HyOLFRV QUESTÃ&#x192;O 67 D centrais geotérmicas e termoelétricas. $SyV D JHUPLQDomR QRUPDOPHQWH RV WRPDWHV E XVLQDV PDUHPRWUL]HV H FRPEXVWtYHLV IyVVHLV SURGX]HP XPD SURWHtQD TXH RV ID] DPROHFHU GHSRLV GH colhidos. Os cientistas introduziram, em um tomateiro, QUESTÃ&#x192;O 70 XP JHQH DQWLVVHQWLGR LPDJHP HVSHOKR GR JHQH QDWXUDO $ WHOHIRQLD PyYHO QR %UDVLO RSHUD FRP FHOXODUHV jTXHOH TXH FRGL¿FD D HQ]LPD ³DPROHFHGRUD´ 2 QRYR JHQH FXMD SRWrQFLD PpGLD GH UDGLDomR p FHUFD GH : 3RU antissentido bloqueou a sÃntese da proteÃna amolecedora. UHFRPHQGDomR GR $16, ,((( IRUDP HVWLSXODGRV OLPLWHV 6,=(5 ) :+,71(< ( Nutrição FRQFHLWRV H FRQWURYpUVLDV %DUXHUL 0DQROH DGDSWDGR SDUD H[SRVLomR KXPDQD j UDGLDomR HPLWLGD SRU HVVHV 8P EHQHItFLR DR VH REWHU R WRPDWH WUDQVJrQLFR IRL R IDWR DSDUHOKRV 3DUD R DWHQGLPHQWR GHVVD UHFRPHQGDomR valem os conselhos: segurar o aparelho a uma pequena GH R SURFHVVR ELRWHFQROyJLFR WHU GLVWkQFLD GR RXYLGR XVDU IRQHV GH RXYLGR SDUD DV A DXPHQWDGR D FROHomR GH SURWHtQDV TXH R SURWHJHP chamadas de voz e utilizar o aparelho no modo viva voz GR DSRGUHFLPHQWR SHOD SURGXomR GD SURWHtQD ou com dispositivos bluetooth. Essas medidas baseiam-se antissentido. QR IDWR GH TXH D LQWHQVLGDGH GD UDGLDomR HPLWLGD GHFDL B diminuÃdo a necessidade do controle das pragas, pela UDSLGDPHQWH FRQIRUPH D GLVWkQFLD DXPHQWD SRU LVVR PDLRU UHVLVWrQFLD FRQIHULGD SHOD QRYD SURWHtQD DIDVWDU R DSDUHOKR UHGX] ULVFRV C IDFLOLWDGR D JHUPLQDomR GDV VHPHQWHV SHOD IDOWD GD COSTA, E. A. F. Efeitos na saúde humana da exposição aos campos de radiofrequência. 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ FHG XIVF EU $FHVVR HP QRY DGDSWDGR proteÃna que o leva a amolecer. D substituÃdo a proteÃna amolecedora por uma invertida, 3DUD UHGX]LU D H[SRVLomR j UDGLDomR GR FHOXODU GH IRUPD que endurece o tomate. PDLV H¿FLHQWH R XVXiULR GHYH XWOL]DU E SURORQJDGR R WHPSR GH YLGD GR WRPDWH SHOD IDOWD GD A IRQHV GH RXYLGR FRP R DSDUHOKR QD PmR proteÃna que o amolece. B IRQHV GH RXYLGR FRP R DSDUHOKR QR EROVR GD FDOoD QUESTÃ&#x192;O 68 C IRQHV bluetooth, com o aparelho no bolso da camisa. (P PtGLDV ySWLFDV FRPR &'V '9'V H blue-rays, a D R DSDUHOKR PDQWLGR D FP GR RXYLGR VHJXUDGR SHOD PmR LQIRUPDomR p UHSUHVHQWDGD QD IRUPD GH bits ]HURV H XQV H p ¿VLFDPHQWH JUDYDGD H OLGD SRU IHL[HV GH OX] laser. E o sistema viva voz, com o aparelho apoiado numa 3DUD JUDYDU XP YDORU ³]HUR´ R laser brilha intensamente, mesa de trabalho. GH PRGR D ³TXHLPDU´ WRUQDU RSDFD XPD SHTXHQD iUHD GR GLVFR GH WDPDQKR FRPSDUiYHO D VHX FRPSULPHQWR GH onda. Ao longo dos anos, as empresas de tecnologia vêm conseguindo aumentar a capacidade de armazenamento GH GDGRV HP FDGD GLVFR HP RXWUDV SDODYUDV D iUHD usada para se representar um bit vem se tornando cada vez mais reduzida. 4XDO DOWHUDomR GD RQGD HOHWURPDJQpWLFD TXH FRQVWLWXL R laser SHUPLWH R DYDQoR WHFQROyJLFR FLWDGR QR WH[WR" A B C D E
$ GLPLQXLomR GH VXD HQHUJLD 2 DXPHQWR GH VXD IUHTXrQFLD $ GLPLQXLomR GH VXD DPSOLWXGH O aumento de sua intensidade. $ GLPLQXLomR GH VXD YHORFLGDGH &1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB26*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 71 $ EXVFD SRU VXEVWkQFLDV FDSD]HV GH PLQLPL]DU D DomR GR LQVHWR TXH DWDFD DV SODQWDo}HV GH WRPDWH QR %UDVLO OHYRX j VtQWHVH H DR HPSUHJR GH XP IHURP{QLR VH[XDO FRP D VHJXLQWH IyUPXOD HVWUXWXUDO
OCOCH3 8PD LQG~VWULD DJURTXtPLFD QHFHVVLWD VLQWHWL]DU XP GHULYDGR FRP PDLRU H¿FiFLD 3DUD WDQWR R SRWHQFLDO VXEVWLWXWR GHYHUi SUHVHUYDU DV VHJXLQWHV SURSULHGDGHV HVWUXWXUDLV GR IHURP{QLR VH[XDO IXQomR RUJkQLFD FDGHLD QRUPDO H D isomeria geométrica original. $ IyUPXOD HVWUXWXUDO GR VXEVWLWXWR DGHTXDGR DR IHURP{QLR VH[XDO REWLGR LQGXVWULDOPHQWH p COCH3
A
B
OCOCH3
C
OCOCH3
O
D
COCH3
OCOCH3
E
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 72
'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS DQJHOREUDQFR EORJVSRW FRP EU $FHVVR HP PDLR
1D WLULQKD R SURFHVVR PHQFLRQDGR SHOR PROXVFR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D XP PHFDQLVPR GH A B C D E
GHIHVD H[FUHomR FLUFXODomR ORFRPRomR UHSURGXomR
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB27*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 73 2V UDLRV ; XWLOL]DGRV SDUD GLDJQyVWLFRV PpGLFRV VmR XPD UDGLDomR LRQL]DQWH 2 HIHLWR GDV UDGLDo}HV LRQL]DQWHV HP XP LQGLYtGXR GHSHQGH EDVLFDPHQWH GD GRVH DEVRUYLGD GR WHPSR GH H[SRVLomR H GD IRUPD GD H[SRVLomR FRQIRUPH relacionados no quadro. Efeitos de uma radioexposição aguda em adulto Forma
Dose absorvida
Sintomatologia
,QIUDFOtQLFD
0HQRU TXH - NJ
Ausência de sintomas
Reações gerais leves
GH D - NJ
$VWHQLD QiXVHDV H Y{PLWR GH K D K DSyV D H[SRVLomR
'/
GH D - NJ
0RUWH GH GRV LQGLYtGXRV LUUDGLDGRV
Pulmonar
GH D - NJ
,QVX¿FLrQFLD UHVSLUDWyULD DJXGD FRPD H PRUWH GH K D K
Cerebral
0DLRU TXH - NJ
0RUWH HP SRXFDV KRUDV 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ FQHQ JRY EU $FHVVR HP VHW DGDSWDGR
3DUD XP WpFQLFR UDGLRORJLVWD GH NJ TXH ¿FRX H[SRVWR SRU GHVFXLGR GXUDQWH KRUDV D XPD IRQWH GH UDLRV ; FXMD SRWrQFLD p GH P- V D IRUPD GR VLQWRPD DSUHVHQWDGR FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH WRGD UDGLDomR LQFLGHQWH IRL DEVRUYLGD p A B C D E
'/ . cerebral. pulmonar. LQIUDFOtQLFD reações gerais leves.
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 74 $V iJXDV GRV RFHDQRV DSUHVHQWDP XPD DOWD FRQFHQWUDomR GH tRQV H S+ HQWUH H 'HQWUH HVVHV tRQV HVWmR HP HTXLOtEULR DV HVSpFLHV FDUERQDWR &23 Ã H ELFDUERQDWR +&23Ã UHSUHVHQWDGR SHOD HTXDomR TXtPLFD HCO3 DT
CO3 DT H DT
$V iJXDV GRV ULRV DR FRQWUiULR DSUHVHQWDP FRQFHQWUDo}HV PXLWR EDL[DV GH tRQV H VXEVWkQFLDV EiVLFDV FRP XP S+ HP WRUQR GH $ DOWHUDomR VLJQL¿FDWLYD GR S+ GDV iJXDV GRV ULRV H RFHDQRV SRGH PXGDU VXDV FRPSRVLo}HV TXtPLFDV SRU SUHFLSLWDomR GH HVSpFLHV GLVVROYLGDV RX UHGLVVROXomR GH HVSpFLHV SUHVHQWHV QRV VyOLGRV VXVSHQVRV RX nos sedimentos. $ FRPSRVLomR GRV RFHDQRV p PHQRV DIHWDGD SHOR ODQoDPHQWR GH HÃ&#x20AC;XHQWHV iFLGRV SRLV RV RFHDQRV A B C D E
FRQWrP JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH FORUHWR GH VyGLR FRQWrP XP YROXPH GH iJXD SXUD PHQRU TXH R GRV ULRV SRVVXHP S+ iFLGR QmR VHQGR DIHWDGRV SHOD DGLomR GH RXWURV iFLGRV WrP D IRUPDomR GRV tRQV FDUERQDWR IDYRUHFLGD SHOD DGLomR GH iFLGR DSUHVHQWDP XP HTXLOtEULR HQWUH RV tRQV FDUERQDWR H ELFDUERQDWR TXH DWXDP FRPR VLVWHPD WDPSmR
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB28*
2016
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 75
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 77
$ ÂżJXUD DSUHVHQWD GLIHUHQWHV IDVHV GR FLFOR GH XPD Nos ambientes tropicais, os modelos convencionais GH SURGXomR DJUtFROD WrP JHUDGR GHJUDGDomR GRV FpOXOD VRPiWLFD FXOWLYDGD H IRWRJUDIDGD HP PLFURVFySLR UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV H XP PDQHMR FDGD YH] PDLV FDUR FRQIRFDO GH YDUUHGXUD D laser. As partes mais claras H WUDEDOKRVR 3HOD OHJLVODomR EUDVLOHLUD RV VLVWHPDV evidenciam o DNA. DJURĂ&#x20AC;RUHVWDLV 6$)V VmR VLVWHPDV GH XVR H RFXSDomR GR VROR HP TXH SODQWDV OHQKRVDV SHUHQHV VmR PDQHMDGDV HP DVVRFLDomR FRP SODQWDV KHUEiFHDV DUEXVWLYDV DUEyUHDV FXOWXUDV DJUtFRODV H IRUUDJHLUDV HP XPD PHVPD XQLGDGH GH PDQHMR GH DFRUGR FRP DUUDQMR HVSDFLDO H WHPSRUDO com alta diversidade de espĂŠcies e interaçþes entre esses componentes. 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ DPELHQWHGXUDQ HQJ EU $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR
2V 6$)V VmR DWXDOPHQWH PXLWR DGRWDGRV FRPR HVWUDWpJLD GH PDQHMR DPELHQWDO QR %UDVLO SRUTXH A JDUDQWHP D SURGXomR GH SODQWDV H[yWLFDV B SRVVLELOLWDP D PDQXWHQomR GH PRQRFXOWXUD WtSLFD C DXPHQWDP D SURGXomR FRP FXOWXUDV WUDQVJrQLFDV D SHUPLWHP D XWLOL]DomR GR VROR FRP FXOWXUDV GLYHUVDV E IDYRUHFHP D DGDSWDomR GH SODQWDV OHQKRVDV madeireiras.
-8148(,5$ / & &$51(,52 - Histologia bĂĄsica. Rio de Janeiro: *XDQDEDUD .RRJDQ DGDSWDGR
1D IDVH UHSUHVHQWDGD HP ' REVHUYD VH TXH RV cromossomos encontram-se em
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 76 CombustĂveis automotivos tĂŞm sido adulterados SHOD DGLomR GH VXEVWkQFLDV RX PDWHULDLV GH EDL[R YDORU FRPHUFLDO (VVH WLSR GH FRQWUDYHQomR SRGH GDQLÂżFDU RV PRWRUHV DXPHQWDU R FRQVXPR GH FRPEXVWtYHO H SUHMXGLFDU R PHLR DPELHQWH 9iULRV WHVWHV ODERUDWRULDLV SRGHP VHU XWLOL]DGRV SDUD LGHQWLÂżFDU VH XP FRPEXVWtYHO HVWi RX QmR DGXOWHUDGR $ OHJLVODomR EUDVLOHLUD HVWDEHOHFH TXH R GLHVHO REWLGR GR SHWUyOHR FRQWHQKD FHUWD TXDQWLGDGH de biodiesel. O quadro apresenta valores de quatro SURSULHGDGHV GR GLHVHO GR ELRGLHVHO H GR yOHR YHJHWDO um material comumente utilizado como adulterante. Propriedade
Diesel
Biodiesel
Ă&#x201C;leo vegetal
'HQVLGDGH J FPĂą
3RGHU FDORUtÂżFR 0- /
33,3
9LVFRVLGDGH PPĂ° V
3,9
7HRU GH HQ[RIUH
1,3
< 0,001
< 0,001
A B C D E
PLJUDomR GXSOLFDomR FRQGHQVDomR UHFRPELQDomR UHHVWUXWXUDomR
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 78 (P GH GH]HPEUR GH XP tsunami devastador, originado a partir de um terremoto na costa da IndonĂŠsia, atingiu diversos paĂses da Ă sia, matando quase 300 mil SHVVRDV 2 JUDX GH GHYDVWDomR GHYHX VH HP ERD SDUWH DR IDWR GH DV RQGDV GH XP tsunami VHUHP H[WUHPDPHQWH ORQJDV FRP FRPSULPHQWR GH RQGD GH FHUFD GH NP ,VWR p PXLWR PDLRU TXH D HVSHVVXUD GD OkPLQD GH OtTXLGR d, WtSLFD GR 2FHDQR Ă&#x2039;QGLFR TXH p GH FHUFD GH NP 1HVVDV FRQGLo}HV FRP ERD DSUR[LPDomR D VXD YHORFLGDGH GH SURSDJDomR WRUQD VH GHSHQGHQWH GH d REHGHFHQGR j UHODomR v = ÂĽgd 1HVVD H[SUHVVmR g p D DFHOHUDomR GD JUDYLGDGH TXH SRGH VHU WRPDGD FRPR P V . 6,/9(,5$ ) / 9$55,$/( 0 & 3URSDJDomR GDV RQGDV PDUtWLPDV H GRV tsunami.
&RP EDVH QDV LQIRUPDo}HV DSUHVHQWDGDV QR TXDGUR TXDLV Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de FĂsica Q DGDSWDGR VmR DV GXDV SURSULHGDGHV TXH SRGHP VHU HPSUHJDGDV Sabendo-se que o tsunami consiste em uma sĂŠrie de WHFQLFDPHQWH SDUD YHULÂżFDU VH XPD DPRVWUD GH GLHVHO RQGDV VXFHVVLYDV TXDO p R YDORU PDLV SUy[LPR GR LQWHUYDOR FRPHUFLDO HVWi RX QmR DGXOWHUDGD FRP yOHR YHJHWDO" de tempo entre duas ondas consecutivas? A Densidade e viscosidade. A 1 min B 7HRU GH HQ[RIUH H GHQVLGDGH
C 9LVFRVLGDGH H WHRU GH HQ[RIUH D 9LVFRVLGDGH H SRGHU FDORUtÂżFR E 3RGHU FDORUtÂżFR H WHRU GH HQ[RIUH &1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
B C D E
PLQ PLQ PLQ PLQ
*BR0975SAB29*
2016
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 79
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 81
'XUDQWH D IRUPDomR GH XPD WHPSHVWDGH VmR REVHUYDGDV YiULDV GHVFDUJDV HOpWULFDV RV UDLRV TXH SRGHP RFRUUHU GDV QXYHQV SDUD R VROR GHVFDUJD GHVFHQGHQWH GR VROR SDUD DV QXYHQV GHVFDUJD ascendente) ou entre uma nuvem e outra. As descargas ascendentes e descendentes podem ocorrer por causa GR DF~PXOR GH FDUJDV HOpWULFDV SRVLWLYDV RX QHJDWLYDV TXH LQGX] XPD SRODUL]DomR RSRVWD QR VROR
2 SURFHVVR GH GHVVXOIXUL]DomR p XPD GDV HWDSDV XWLOL]DGDV QD SURGXomR GR GLHVHO (VVH SURFHVVR FRQVLVWH QD R[LGDomR GR HQ[RIUH SUHVHQWH QD IRUPD GH VXOIHWR GH KLGURJrQLR + 6 D HQ[RIUH HOHPHQWDU VyOLGR TXH p SRVWHULRUPHQWH UHPRYLGR 8P PpWRGR SDUD HVVD H[WUDomR quĂmica ĂŠ o processo Claus, no qual parte do H S ĂŠ R[LGDGD D GLy[LGR GH HQ[RIUH 62 H HQWmR HVVH JiV p XVDGR SDUD R[LGDU R UHVWDQWH GR + S. Os compostos de HQ[RIUH UHPDQHVFHQWHV H DV GHPDLV PROpFXODV SUHVHQWHV QR GLHVHO VRIUHUmR FRPEXVWmR QR PRWRU
Essas descargas elĂŠtricas ocorrem devido ao aumento da LQWHQVLGDGH GR D
A B C D
campo magnĂŠtico da Terra. corrente elĂŠtrica gerada dentro das nuvens. resistividade elĂŠtrica do ar entre as nuvens e o solo. FDPSR HOpWULFR HQWUH DV QXYHQV H D VXSHUItFLH da Terra. E IRUoD HOHWURPRWUL] LQGX]LGD QDV FDUJDV DFXPXODGDV no solo.
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 80 2V LQGLYtGXRV GH XPD SRSXODomR GH XPD SHTXHQD FLGDGH IXQGDGD SRU XPD IDPtOLD GH HXURSHXV VmR IUHTXHQWHPHQWH IUXWRV GH FDVDPHQWRV FRQVDQJXtQHRV *UDQGH SDUWH GRV JUXSRV IDPLOLDUHV GHVVD ORFDOLGDGH apresenta membros acometidos por uma doença rara, LGHQWLÂżFDGD SRU IUDTXH]D PXVFXODU SURJUHVVLYD FRP LQtFLR DRV DQRV GH LGDGH (P IDPtOLDV FRP SUHVHQoD GHVVD GRHQoD TXDQGR RV SDLV VmR VDXGiYHLV VRPHQWH RV ÂżOKRV GR VH[R PDVFXOLQR SRGHP VHU DIHWDGRV 0DV HP IDPtOLDV FXMR SDL p DFRPHWLGR SHOD GRHQoD H D PmH p SRUWDGRUD GR JHQH GD GHVFHQGrQFLD LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GR VH[R p DIHWDGD
0$548(6 ),/+2 - Estudo da fase tĂŠrmica do processo Claus utilizando Ă&#x20AC;XLGRGLQkPLFD FRPSXWDFLRQDO 6mR 3DXOR 863 DGDSWDGR
2 EHQHItFLR GR SURFHVVR &ODXV p TXH QD FRPEXVWmR GR GLHVHO p PLQLPL]DGD D HPLVVmR GH JDVHV A IRUPDGRUHV GH KLGURFDUERQHWRV B SURGXWRUHV GH y[LGRV GH QLWURJrQLR C HPLVVRUHV GH PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR D SURPRWRUHV GD DFLGLÂżFDomR GD FKXYD E GHWHUPLQDQWHV SDUD R DXPHQWR GR HIHLWR HVWXID
QUESTĂ&#x192;O 82
2 FKRTXH HOpWULFR p XPD VHQVDomR SURYRFDGD pela passagem de corrente elĂŠtrica pelo corpo. $V FRQVHTXrQFLDV GH XP FKRTXH YmR GHVGH XP VLPSOHV VXVWR DWp D PRUWH $ FLUFXODomR GDV FDUJDV HOpWULFDV depende da resistĂŞncia do material. Para o corpo humano, HVVD UHVLVWrQFLD YDULD GH Č? TXDQGR D SHOH HVWi PROKDGD DWp Č? TXDQGR D SHOH HVWi VHFD 8PD SHVVRD GHVFDOoD ODYDQGR VXD FDVD FRP iJXD PROKRX RV SpV H DFLGHQWDOPHQWH SLVRX HP XP ÂżR GHVHQFDSDGR &RQVLGHUDQGR DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SRSXODFLRQDLV R VH[R VRIUHQGR XPD GHVFDUJD HOpWULFD HP XPD WHQVmR GH 9 H D SURSRUomR GRV LQGLYtGXRV DIHWDGRV TXDO p R WLSR GH 4XDO D LQWHQVLGDGH Pi[LPD GH FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD TXH KHUDQoD GD GRHQoD GHVFULWD QR WH[WR" passou pelo corpo da pessoa? A B C D E
Recessiva, ligada ao cromossomo X. Dominante, ligada ao cromossomo X. Recessiva, ligada ao cromossomo Y. Recessiva autossĂ´mica. Dominante autossĂ´mica.
A P$ B P$ C $ D $ E N$
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD
*BR0975SAB30*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 83
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 84
(P XP ODERUDWyULR VmR DSUHVHQWDGRV DRV DOXQRV XPD $V HPLVV}HV GH GLy[LGR GH FDUERQR &2 ) por OkPSDGD FRP HVSHFLILFDo}HV WpFQLFDV GH 9 H : YHtFXORV VmR GHSHQGHQWHV GD FRQVWLWXLomR GH FDGD WLSR H XP FRQMXQWR GH SLOKDV GH 9 FDGD de combustÃvel. Sabe-se que é possÃvel determinar a 4XDO DVVRFLDomR GH JHUDGRUHV ID] FRP TXH D OkPSDGD quantidade emitida de CO , a partir das massas molares GR FDUERQR H GR R[LJrQLR LJXDLV D J PRO H J PRO produza maior brilho? UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH (P XPD YLDJHP GH IpULDV XP LQGLYtGXR SHUFRUUHX NP HP XP YHtFXOR TXH FRQVRPH XP OLWUR GH JDVROLQD D FDGD NP GH SHUFXUVR
A
&RQVLGHUDQGR TXH R FRQWH~GR GH FDUERQR HP XP OLWUR GHVVD JDVROLQD p LJXDO D NJ D PDVVD GH &2 emitida SHOR YHtFXOR QR DPELHQWH GXUDQWH D YLDJHP GH IpULDV descrita, é igual a A NJ B 33 kg. C NJ D NJ
B
E NJ
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 85 3DUD YHUL¿FDU D H¿FiFLD GR WHVWH GH '1$ QD GHWHUPLQDomR GH SDWHUQLGDGH FLQFR YROXQWiULRV GHQWUH HOHV R SDL ELROyJLFR GH XP JDURWR FHGHUDP DPRVWUDV ELROyJLFDV SDUD D UHDOL]DomR GHVVH WHVWH $ ¿JXUD PRVWUD R UHVXOWDGR REWLGR DSyV D LGHQWL¿FDomR GRV IUDJPHQWRV GH DNA de cada um deles. C
Garoto
Mãe
1º
2º
3º
4º
5º
D
2/,9(,5$ ) % 6,/9(,5$ 5 0 9 2 WHVWH GH '1$ QD VDOD GH DXOD p SRVVtYHO HQVLQDU biologia a partir de temas atuais. Revista Genética na Escola DEU
E
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$SyV D DQiOLVH GDV EDQGDV GH '1$ SRGH VH FRQFOXLU TXH R SDL ELROyJLFR GR JDURWR p R A B C D E
Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR
*BR0975SAB31*
2016
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 86
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 88
Para o consumidor, é praticamente impossÃvel LGHQWL¿FDU D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH D VDFROD ELRGHJUDGiYHO H D FRPXP IHLWD GH SROLHWLOHQR ± GHULYDGR GR SHWUyOHR $OJXQV JRYHUQRV PXQLFLSDLV Mi H[LJHP TXH RV VXSHUPHUFDGRV RIHUHoDP VDFRODV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV HP VXEVWLWXLomR jV sacolas comuns.
2 GHVFDUWH GR yOHR GH FR]LQKD QD UHGH GH HVJRWRV gera diversos problemas ambientais. Pode-se destacar a FRQWDPLQDomR GRV FXUVRV G¶iJXD TXH WHP FRPR XPD GDV FRQVHTXrQFLDV D IRUPDomR GH XPD SHOtFXOD GH yOHR QD VXSHUItFLH FDXVDQGR GDQRV j IDXQD DTXiWLFD SRU GL¿FXOWDU DV WURFDV JDVRVDV DOpP GH GLPLQXLU D SHQHWUDomR GRV raios solares no curso hÃdrico.
'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS HSRFDQHJRFLRV JORER FRP $FHVVR HP DJR
'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS UHYLVWDJDOLOHX JORER FRP $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR
$ DWLWXGH WRPDGD SHORV JRYHUQRV PXQLFLSDLV GHYH VH DR j
A PDLRU UHVLVWrQFLD TXH RV PDWHULDLV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV DSUHVHQWDP HP UHODomR DRV FRPXQV B HVFDVVH] GDV PDWpULDV SULPDV GHULYDGDV GR SHWUyOHR SDUD SURGXomR GDV VDFRODV FRPXQV C custo consideravelmente menor das sacolas ELRGHJUDGiYHLV HP UHODomR DR GDV VDFRODV FRPXQV D PDLRU FDSDFLGDGH GH SURGXomR GDV VDFRODV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV Mi TXH DV IRQWHV SRGHP VHU UHQRYiYHLV E UiSLGD GHFRPSRVLomR GDV VDFRODV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV SHOD DomR GH EDFWpULDV HP FRPSDUDomR jV VDFRODV comuns.
4XDO GDV SURSULHGDGHV GRV yOHRV YHJHWDLV HVWi relacionada aos problemas ambientais citados? A B C D E
$OWD PLVFLELOLGDGH HP iJXD $OWD UHDWLYLGDGH FRP D iJXD %DL[D GHQVLGDGH HP UHODomR j iJXD %DL[D YLVFRVLGDGH HP UHODomR j iJXD $OWR SRQWR GH HEXOLomR HP UHODomR j iJXD
QUESTÃ&#x192;O 89
Um produtor rural registrou queda de produtividade QXPD GDV iUHDV GH SODQWLR GH DUUR] GH VXD SURSULHGDGH $QiOLVHV TXtPLFDV UHYHODUDP FRQFHQWUDo}HV HOHYDGDV GR tRQ DP{QLR 1+ H EDL[DV GRV tRQV QLWULWR 12 ) e QUESTÃ&#x192;O 87 QLWUDWR 123 QR VROR (VVHV FRPSRVWRV QLWURJHQDGRV VmR Algumas crianças, ao brincarem de esconde- QHFHVViULRV SDUD R FUHVFLPHQWR GRV YHJHWDLV H SDUWLFLSDP HVFRQGH WDSDP RV ROKRV FRP DV PmRV DFUHGLWDQGR TXH do ciclo biogeoquÃmico do nitrogênio. DR DGRWDUHP WDO SURFHGLPHQWR QmR SRGHUmR VHU YLVWDV (P TXDO HWDSD GHVVH FLFOR ELRJHRTXtPLFR VmR (VVD SHUFHSomR GD FULDQoD FRQWUDULD R FRQKHFLPHQWR IRUPDGRV RV FRPSRVWRV TXH HVWmR HP EDL[D FLHQWt¿FR SRUTXH SDUD VHUHP YLVWRV RV REMHWRV FRQFHQWUDomR QHVVH VROR" A UHIOHWHP SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV TXH DWLQJHP A 1LWUL¿FDomR os olhos. B $VVLPLODomR B JHUDP SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV FRQYHUWLGDV SHOD C $PRQL]DomR IRQWH H[WHUQD D 'HVQLWUL¿FDomR C VmR DWLQJLGRV SRU SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV HPLWLGDV E )L[DomR GH QLWURJrQLR pelos olhos. D UHÃ&#x20AC;HWHP SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV TXH VH FKRFDP QUESTÃ&#x192;O 90 FRP RV IyWRQV HPLWLGRV SHORV ROKRV E VmR DWLQJLGRV SHODV SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV HPLWLGDV $ REWHQomR GH HQHUJLD SRU PHLR GD ¿VVmR QXFOHDU GR SHOD IRQWH H[WHUQD H SHORV ROKRV 8 p PXLWR VXSHULRU TXDQGR FRPSDUDGD j FRPEXVWmR GD JDVROLQD 2 FDORU OLEHUDGR QD ¿VVmR GR 8 p u 1010 - J H QD FRPEXVWmR GD JDVROLQD p u 10 - J $ PDVVD GH JDVROLQD QHFHVViULD SDUD REWHU D PHVPD HQHUJLD QD ¿VVmR GH NJ GH U é da ordem de A B C D E
103 g. 10 g. 10 g. 10 g. 109 g.
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*BR0975SAB32*
2016
&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD