2016 3 1 (2)

EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MÉDIO PROVA DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS PROVA DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS

1º DIA CADERNO

2016

9 3ª APLICAÇÃO

ATENÇÃO: transcreva no espaço apropriado do seu CARTÃO-RESPOSTA, FRP VXD FDOLJUD¿D XVXDO FRQVLGHUDQGR DV OHWUDV PDL~VFXODV H PLQ~VFXODV D VHJXLQWH IUDVH E fui cuidar do que restava.

LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUÇÕES SEGUINTES: 1. Este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES contém 90 questões numeradas de 1 a 90, dispostas da seguinte maneira: D DV TXHVW}HV GH Q~PHUR D VmR UHODWLYDV j iUHD GH Ciências Humanas e suas Tecnologias; E DV TXHVW}HV GH Q~PHUR D VmR UHODWLYDV j iUHD GH Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias.

2. &RQ¿UD VH R VHX &$'(512 '( 48(67®(6 FRQWpP D TXDQWLGDGH GH TXHVW}HV H VH HVVDV TXHVW}HV HVWmR QD RUGHP PHQFLRQDGD QD LQVWUXomR DQWHULRU &DVR R FDGHUQR HVWHMD LQFRPSOHWR WHQKD GHIHLWR RX DSUHVHQWH TXDOTXHU GLYHUJrQFLD comunique ao aplicador da sala para que ele tome as providências cabíveis.

3. Para cada XPD GDV TXHVW}HV REMHWLYDV VmR DSUHVHQWDGDV RSo}HV $SHQDV XPD UHVSRQGH FRUUHWDPHQWH j TXHVWmR 4. O tempo disponível para estas provas é de quatro horas e trinta minutos.

5. 5HVHUYH RV PLQXWRV ¿QDLV SDUD PDUFDU VHX CARTÃO-RESPOSTA. Os rascunhos e as marcações assinaladas no CADERNO DE 48(67®(6 QmR VHUmR FRQVLGHUDGRV QD DYDOLDomR 6. Quando terminar as provas, acene para chamar o aplicador e entregue este CADERNO DE QUESTÕES e o CARTÃO-RESPOSTA. 7. 9RFr SRGHUi GHL[DU R ORFDO GH SURYD VRPHQWH DSyV GHFRUULGDV GXDV KRUDV GR LQtFLR GD DSOLFDomR H SRGHUi OHYDU VHX &$'(512 '( 48(67®(6 DR GHL[DU HP GH¿QLWLYR D VDOD GH prova nos 30 minutos que antecedem o término das provas.

Ministério da Educação

*BR0975SAB1*

*BR0975SAB2*

2016

CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS Questões de 01 a 45 QUESTÃO 01 2V JDUJDORV URGRYLiULRV GR %UDVLO H R FDyWLFR WUkQVLWR GDV VXDV PHWUySROHV IRUoDP RV JRYHUQRV HVWDGXDLV H IHGHUDO D UHWRPDU RV SODQRV GH LPSODQWDomR GRV WUHQV UHJLRQDLV 'XUDQWH DV ~OWLPDV TXDWUR GpFDGDV D PDOKD IHUURYLiULD IRL HVTXHFLGD H VXFDWHDGD WDQWR TXH KRMH HP WRGR R SDtV DSHQDV GXDV OLQKDV GH SDVVDJHLURV HVWmR HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR 7UDQVSRUWDP PLOKmR GH SHVVRDV HQWUH %HOR +RUL]RQWH 0* H 9LWyULD (6 H HQWUH 6mR /XtV 0$ H &DUDMiV 3$ ʊ DV GXDV RSHUDGDV SHOD PLQHUDGRUD 9DOH 1RV DQRV PDLV GH PLOK}HV GH SDVVDJHLURV XWLOL]DYDP WUHQV LQWHUXUEDQRV QR WHUULWyULR QDFLRQDO 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ HVWDGDR FRP EU $FHVVR HP VHW

2 VXFDWHDPHQWR GR PHLR GH WUDQVSRUWH GHVFULWR IRL SURYRFDGR SHOD A B C D E

redução da demanda populacional por trens interurbanos.

LQDGHTXDomR GRV WUDMHWRV HP IXQomR GD H[WHQVmR GR SDtV SUHFDUL]DomR WHFQROyJLFD IUHQWH D RXWURV PHLRV GH GHVORFDPHQWR SULRUL]DomR GD PDOKD URGRYLiULD QR SHUtRGR GH PRGHUQL]DomR GR HVSDoR DPSOLDomR GRV SUREOHPDV DPELHQWDLV DVVRFLDGRV j FRQVHUYDomR GDV IHUURYLDV.

QUESTÃO 02

'$+0(5 $ 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS PDOYDGRV ZRUGSUHVV FRP $FHVVR HP GH]

$QDOLVDU R SURFHVVR DWXDO GH FLUFXODomR H GH DUPD]HQDPHQWR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV EHQV FXOWXUDLV GLDQWH GD WUDQVIRUPDomR GHFRUUHQWH GR LPSDFWR GH QRYDV WHFQRORJLDV LQGLFD TXH KRMH A B C D

DV P~VLFDV H RV WH[WRV WrP SULYLOHJLDGR XP IRUPDWR GLJLWDO WRUQDQGR LQDGPLVVtYHO VXD DFXPXODomR D UHGH PXQGLDO GH FRPSXWDGRUHV DFDED FRP R FKDPDGR GLUHLWR DXWRUDO TXH p LQDSOLFiYHO HP UHODo}HV YLUWXDLV D VHJXUDQoD H D LQFOXVmR GLJLWDO VmR SUREOHPDV H[SRQGR D LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHDOL]DU XP FRPpUFLR IHLWR on-line.

DV PtGLDV GLJLWDLV H D LQWHUQHW SHUPLWLUDP PDLRU ÀX[R GHVVHV SURGXWRV SRLV VHX DF~PXOR LQGHSHQGH GH JUDQGHV bases materiais.

E D SLUDWDULD p R UHFXUVR XWLOL]DGR SHORV FRQVXPLGRUHV YLVWR TXH VmR LPSHGLGRV GH DGTXLULU OHJDOPHQWH DOJR GHVSURYLGR GH VXSRUWH Itsico. &+ ž GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB3*

2016

QUESTÃO 03

QUESTÃO 05

$ FHQD GH WmR FRWLGLDQD Mi QmR FDXVD PDLV HVWUDQKH]D D ,VDEHO 6ZDQ $R ERWDU R EDUFR QDV iJXDV GD %DtD GH *XDQDEDUD D YHOHMDGRUD SUHFLVD VH GHVYHQFLOKDU GH VDFRV SOiVWLFRV WDPSLQKDV GH UHIULJHUDQWHV ODWDV palitos de sorvete. Um dos cartões-postais cariocas recebe diariamente uma média de cem toneladas de OL[R ÀXWXDQWH FDUUHJDGR SHORV ULRV TXH FRUWDP D UHJLmR metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.

'H DOFDQFH QDFLRQDO R 0RYLPHQWR GRV 7UDEDOKDGRUHV 5XUDLV 6HP 7HUUD 067 UHSUHVHQWD D LQFRUSRUDomR j YLGD SROtWLFD GH SDUFHOD LPSRUWDQWH GD SRSXODomR WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH H[FOXtGD SHOD IRUoD GR ODWLI~QGLR 0LOKDUHV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV UXUDLV VH organizaram e pressionaram o governo em busca GH WHUUD SDUD FXOWLYDU H GH ¿QDQFLDPHQWR GH VDIUDV 6HXV PpWRGRV ʊ D LQYDVmR GH WHUUDV S~EOLFDV RX QmR FXOWLYDGDV ʊ WDQJHQFLDP D LOHJDOLGDGH PDV WHQGR HP YLVWD D RSUHVVmR VHFXODU GH TXH IRUDP YtWLPDV H D H[WUHPD OHQWLGmR GRV JRYHUQRV HP UHVROYHU R SUREOHPD DJUiULR SRGHP VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV OHJtWLPRV

$/(1&$5 ( 7RQHODGDV GH GHVFDVR O Globo DEU DGDSWDGR

2 SUREOHPD DPELHQWDO GHVFULWR WHP VXD FDXVD DVVRFLDGD j A LQH¿FLrQFLD GH HFREDUUHLUDV B GHVRUJDQL]DomR GR WXULVPR ORFDO C LQDGHTXDomR GD FROHWD GRPLFLOLDU D PRYLPHQWDomR GDV iUHDV SRUWXiULDV E UDUHIDomR GD RFXSDomR SRSXODFLRQDO

QUESTÃO 04

&$59$/+2 - 0 Cidadania no Brasil: o longo caminho.

5LR GH -DQHLUR &LYLOL]DomR %UDVLOHLUD DGDSWDGR

Argumenta-se que as reivindicações apresentadas por PRYLPHQWRV VRFLDLV FRPR R GHVFULWR QR WH[WR WrP FRPR REMHWLYR FRQWULEXLU SDUD R SURFHVVR GH A B C D E

LQRYDomR LQVWLWXFLRQDO RUJDQL]DomR SDUWLGiULD UHQRYDomR SDUODPHQWDU HVWDWL]DomR GD SURSULHGDGH GHPRFUDWL]DomR GR VLVWHPD

QUESTÃO 06 7HQGR VH OLYUDGR GR HQWXOKR GR PDTXLQiULR YROXPRVR H GDV HQRUPHV HTXLSHV GH IiEULFD R FDSLWDO YLDMD OHYH DSHQDV FRP D EDJDJHP GH PmR SDVWD FRPSXWDGRU SRUWiWLO H WHOHIRQH FHOXODU 2 QRYR DWULEXWR GD YRODWLOLGDGH IH] GH WRGR FRPSURPLVVR HVSHFLDOPHQWH GR FRPSURPLVVR HVWiYHO DOJR DR PHVPR WHPSR UHGXQGDQWH H SRXFR inteligente: seu estabelecimento paralisaria o movimento H IXJLULD GD GHVHMDGD FRPSHWLWLYLGDGH UHGX]LQGR a priori as opções que poderiam levar ao aumento da produtividade. %$80$1 = Modernidade líquida 5LR GH -DQHLUR =DKDU 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ FXOWXUD ED JRY EU $FHVVR HP MDQ

1R WH[WR ID] VH UHIHUrQFLD D XP SURFHVVR GH WUDQVIRUPDomR $ LPDJHP UHWUDWD XPD SUiWLFD FXOWXUDO EUDVLOHLUD FXMD UDL] GR PXQGR SURGXWLYR FXMD FRQVHTXrQFLD p R D

KLVWyULFD HVWi DVVRFLDGD j A UHJXODPHQWDomR GH OHLV WUDEDOKLVWDV PDLV UtJLGDV B IUDJLOL]DomR GDV UHODo}HV KLHUiUTXLFDV GH WUDEDOKR A liberdade religiosa.

C GHFUpVFLPR GR Q~PHUR GH IXQFLRQiULRV GDV HPSUHVDV B PLJUDomR IRUoDGD D incentivo ao investimento de longos planos de C GHYRomR HFXPrQLFD carreiras.

D DWLYLGDGH PLVVLRQiULD E GHVYDORUL]DomR GRV SRVWRV GH JHUHQFLDPHQWR E PRELOL]DomR SROtWLFD corporativo.

&+ ž GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB4*

2016

QUESTÃO 07

QUESTÃO 09

2V HVFUDYRV WRUQDP VH SURSULHGDGH QRVVD VHMD HP YLUWXGH GD OHL FLYLO VHMD GD OHL FRPXP GRV SRYRV HP virtude da lei civil, se qualquer pessoa de mais de vinte DQRV SHUPLWLU D YHQGD GH VL SUySULD FRP D ¿QDOLGDGH GH lucrar conservando uma parte do preço da compra; e em YLUWXGH GD OHL FRPXP GRV SRYRV VmR QRVVRV HVFUDYRV DTXHOHV TXH IRUDP FDSWXUDGRV QD JXHUUD H DTXHOHV TXH VmR ¿OKRV GH QRVVDV HVFUDYDV

$ H[SHULrQFLD GR PRYLPHQWR RUJDQL]DGR GH PXOKHUHV QR %UDVLO RIHUHFH H[FHOHQWH H[HPSOR GH FRPR VH SRGH XWLOL]DU D OHL HP IDYRU GD PHOKRULD GR status MXUtGLFR GD FRQGLomR VRFLDO GR DYDQoR QR VHQWLGR GH XPD SUHVHQoD PDLV HIHWLYD QR SURFHVVR GH GHFLVmR SROtWLFD $R ORQJR GH quase todo o século XX, com mais intensidade em algumas décadas do que em outras, as mulheres brasileiras FRQVHJXLUDP REWHU YLWyULDV H[SUHVVLYDV $OJXPDV YH]HV DEROLQGR GLVSRVLWLYRV OHJDLV GLVFULPLQDWyULRV RXWUDV conseguindo aprovar novas leis.

CARDOSO, C. F. Trabalho compulsório na Antiguidade 6mR 3DXOR *UDDO

A obra Institutas GR MXULVWD $HOLXV 0DUFLDQXV VpFXOR ,,, G &

TABAK, F. A lei como instrumento de mudança social. In: TABAK, F.; VERUCCI, F. LQVWUXL VREUH D HVFUDYLGmR QD 5RPD DQWLJD 1R GLUHLWR A difícil igualdade: os direitos da mulher como direitos humanos.

5LR GH -DQHLUR 5HOXPH 'XPDUi e na sociedade romana desse período, os escravos compunham uma $ DWXDomR GR PRYLPHQWR VRFLDO DERUGDGR QR WH[WR resultou, na década de 1930, em A PmR GH REUD HVSHFLDOL]DGD SURWHJLGD SHOD OHL A direito de voto.

B IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR VHP D SUHVHQoD GH H[ FLGDGmRV C categoria de trabalhadores oriundos dos mesmos B garantia de cotas. povos.

C acesso ao trabalho.

D FRQGLomR OHJDO LQGHSHQGHQWH GD RULJHP pWQLFD GR D RUJDQL]DomR SDUWLGiULD indivíduo.

E igualdade de oportunidades.

E comunidade criada a partir do estabelecimento das leis escritas.

QUESTÃO 10

QUESTÃO 08 Estamos, pois, de acordo quando, ao ver algum REMHWR GL]HPRV ³(VWH REMHWR TXH HVWRX YHQGR DJRUD WHP tendência para assemelhar-se a um outro ser, mas, por WHU GHIHLWRV QmR FRQVHJXH VHU WDO FRPR R VHU HP TXHVWmR H OKH p SHOR FRQWUiULR LQIHULRU´ $VVLP SDUD SRGHUPRV ID]HU HVWDV UHÀH[}HV p QHFHVViULR TXH DQWHV WHQKDPRV WLGR RFDVLmR GH FRQKHFHU HVVH VHU GH TXH VH DSUR[LPD R GLWR REMHWR DLQGD TXH LPSHUIHLWDPHQWH 3/$7­2 Fédon 6mR 3DXOR $EULO &XOWXUDO

Na epistemologia platônica, conhecer um determinado REMHWR LPSOLFD A estabelecer semelhanças entre o que é observado em momentos distintos.

B FRPSDUDU R REMHWR REVHUYDGR FRP XPD GHVFULomR detalhada dele.

C GHVFUHYHU FRUUHWDPHQWH DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR REMHWR observado.

D ID]HU FRUUHVSRQGrQFLD HQWUH R REMHWR REVHUYDGR H seu ser.

E LGHQWL¿FDU RXWUR H[HPSODU LGrQWLFR DR REVHUYDGR

&+ ž GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

1R DQLYHUViULR GR SULPHLUR GHFrQLR GD 0DUFKD VREUH 5RPD HP RXWXEUR GH 0XVVROLQL LUi LQDXJXUDU VXD Via dell Impero; a nova Via Sacra do Fascismo, ornada FRP HVWiWXDV GH &pVDU $XJXVWR 7UDMDQR VHUYLUi DR FXOWR GR DQWLJR H j JOyULD GR ,PSpULR 5RPDQR H GH HVSDoR FRPHPRUDWLYR GR XIDQLVPR LWDOLDQR ¬V VRPEUDV GR SDVVDGR recriado ergue-se a nova Roma, que pode vangloriar-se e FHOHEUDU VHXV LPSHUDGRUHV H KRPHQV IRUWHV VHXV JUDQGHV SRHWDV H DSyORJRV FRPR +RUiFLR H 9LUJtOLR 6,/9$ * História antiga e usos do passado: um estudo de apropriações da Antiguidade VRE R UHJLPH GH 9LFK\ 6mR 3DXOR $QQDEOXPH DGDSWDGR

$ UHWRPDGD GD $QWLJXLGDGH FOiVVLFD SHOD SHUVSHFWLYD GR SDWULP{QLR FXOWXUDO IRL UHDOL]DGD FRP R REMHWLYR GH A D¿UPDU R LGHiULR FULVWmR SDUD UHFRQTXLVWDU D grandeza perdida.

B XWLOL]DU RV YHVWtJLRV UHVWDXUDGRV SDUD MXVWL¿FDU R regime político.

C GLIXQGLU RV VDEHUHV DQFHVWUDLV SDUD PRUDOL]DU RV costumes sociais.

D UHID]HU R XUEDQLVPR FOiVVLFR SDUD IDYRUHFHU D SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD E UHFRPSRU D RUJDQL]DomR UHSXEOLFDQD SDUD IRUWDOHFHU D DGPLQLVWUDomR HVWDWDO

*BR0975SAB5*

2016

QUESTÃO 11

QUESTÃO 13

2V GLDV GR 1X FRPR XP GRV ~OWLPRV ULRV GH FXUVR OLYUH GD UHJLmR HVWmR WHUPLQDQGR 2 JRYHUQR FKLQrV surpreendeu ambientalistas este ano ao reavivar planos GH FRQVWUXLU XVLQDV KLGUHOpWULFDV HP iUHDV UHPRWDV GR FXUVR VXSHULRU GR 1X R FHQWUR GH XP 3DWULP{QLR 0XQGLDO da Unesco na província de Yunnan, sudoeste da China, TXH VH FODVVL¿FD HQWUH RV OXJDUHV HFRORJLFDPHQWH PDLV GLYHUVL¿FDGRV H IUiJHLV GR PXQGR 2V FUtWLFRV GL]HP TXH R SURMHWR REULJDUi D UHPDQHMDU GH]HQDV GH PLQRULDV pWQLFDV QRV SODQDOWRV GH <XQQDQ H GHVWUXLUi RV FDPSRV GH GHVRYD GH GH]HQDV GH HVSpFLHV GH SHL[HV DPHDoDGDV

Enquanto o pensamento de Santo Agostinho UHSUHVHQWD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH XPD ¿ORVR¿D FULVWm LQVSLUDGD HP 3ODWmR R SHQVDPHQWR GH 6mR 7RPiV UHDELOLWD D ¿ORVR¿D GH $ULVWyWHOHV Ê&#x160; DWp HQWmR YLVWD VRE VXVSHLWD SHOD ,JUHMD Ê&#x160; PRVWUDQGR VHU SRVVtYHO GHVHQYROYHU XPD OHLWXUD GH $ULVWyWHOHV FRPSDWtYHO FRP D GRXWULQD FULVWm 2 DULVWRWHOLVPR GH 6mR 7RPiV DEULX caminho para o estudo da obra aristotélica e para a OHJLWLPDomR GR LQWHUHVVH SHODV FLrQFLDV QDWXUDLV XP GRV SULQFLSDLV PRWLYRV GR LQWHUHVVH SRU $ULVWyWHOHV nesse período.

0$5&21'(6 ' 7H[WRV EiVLFRV GH ¿ORVR¿D 5LR GH -DQHLUR =DKDU

'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ IROKD XRO FRP EU $FHVVR HP PDLR DGDSWDGR

$ ,JUHMD &DWyOLFD SRU PXLWR WHPSR LPSHGLX D GLYXOJDomR GD (VVH SURMHWR VLQDOL]D XPD LQWHUIHUrQFLD QR PHLR ItVLFR REUD GH $ULVWyWHOHV SHOR IDWR GH D REUD DULVWRWpOLFD PRWLYDGD SHOR D

A YDORUL]DU D LQYHVWLJDomR FLHQWt¿FD FRQWUDULDQGR FHUWRV dogmas religiosos.

A EXVFD GR VHWRU SULPiULR SRU LQIUDHVWUXWXUD B GHFODUDU D LQH[LVWrQFLD GH 'HXV FRORFDQGR HP G~YLGD B GHPDQGD GD SRSXODomR SRU HQHUJLDV OLPSDV toda a moral religiosa.

C LQWHUHVVH GR (VWDGR HP GLYHUVL¿FDU D PDWUL] C FULWLFDU D ,JUHMD &DWyOLFD LQVWLJDQGR D FULDomR GH energética. outras instituições religiosas.

D QHFHVVLGDGH GRV FHQWURV XUEDQRV HP REWHU iJXD D evocar pensamentos de religiões orientais, minando a SRWiYHO H[SDQVmR GR FULVWLDQLVPR E compromisso da iniciativa privada com o E contribuir para o desenvolvimento de sentimentos antirreligiosos, seguindo sua teoria política.

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR VXVWHQWiYHO

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 12

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 14

$ LPSRUWkQFLD GR DUJXPHQWR GH +REEHV HVWi HP SDUWH QR IDWR GH TXH HOH VH DPSDUD HP VXSRVLo}HV EDVWDQWH plausíveis sobre as condições normais da vida humana.

3DUD H[HPSOL¿FDU R DUJXPHQWR QmR VXS}H TXH WRGRV VHMDP GH IDWR PRYLGRV SRU RUJXOKR H YDLGDGH SDUD EXVFDU R GRPtQLR VREUH RV RXWURV HVVD VHULD XPD VXSRVLomR GLVFXWtYHO TXH SRVVLELOLWDULD D FRQFOXVmR SUHWHQGLGD SRU +REEHV PDV GH PRGR IiFLO GHPDLV 2 TXH WRUQD R DUJXPHQWR DVVXVWDGRU H OKH DWULEXL LPSRUWkQFLD H IRUoD 52'5,*8(6 - ( 5 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH 8QLGDGHV GH &RQVHUYDomR Revista dos Tribunais GUDPiWLFD p TXH HOH DFUHGLWD TXH SHVVRDV QRUPDLV DWp PHVPR DV PDLV DJUDGiYHLV SRGHP VHU LQDGYHUWLGDPHQWH $ GLYHUVLGDGH QD FODVVL¿FDomR GDV XQLGDGHV GH ODQoDGDV QHVVH WLSR GH VLWXDomR TXH UHVYDODUi HQWmR HP FRQVHUYDomR GH¿QLGDV SHOD OHL UHYHOD D H[LVWrQFLD GH XP um estado de guerra. impasse, pois $ /HL GR 6LVWHPD 1DFLRQDO GH 8QLGDGHV GH &RQVHUYDomR VXUJH GH XP FRQÃ&#x20AC;LWR PXLWR VpULR GH LQWHUHVVHV GH XP ODGR D DWLYLGDGH LOLPLWDGD H H[SDQVLYD GH H[SORUDomR GH UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV GH RXWUR D QHFHVVLGDGH GH JDUDQWLU D PDQXWHQomR GDV EDVHV QDWXUDLV SDUD D H[LVWrQFLD GR KRPHP H SDUD D SUySULD FRQWLQXLGDGH GD DWLYLGDGH HFRQ{PLFD H[SDQVLYD TXH VH TXHU UHSUHVDU

5$:/6 - &RQIHUrQFLDV VREUH D KLVWyULD GD ¿ORVR¿D SROtWLFD. 6mR 3DXOR :0) DGDSWDGR

A UHVWULQJH R XVR GD SRSXODomR ORFDO j IXQomR WXUtVWLFD B amplia as possibilidades do termo desenvolvimento VXVWHQWiYHO

2 WH[WR DSUHVHQWD XPD FRQFHSomR GH ¿ORVR¿D SROtWLFD conhecida como

A D devolve a gerência desses espaços para o poder B S~EOLFR C E JDUDQWH D SULRULGDGH GD FULDomR GH QRYDV iUHDV QR D espaço rural.

E C UHIRUoD D OyJLFD GD SUHVHUYDomR GRV UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV

DOLHQDomR LGHROyJLFD PLFURItVLFD GR SRGHU estado de natureza. contrato social. vontade geral.

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB6*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 15

48,12 0DIDOGD 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ QRYD DFURSROH SW $FHVVR HP IHY

$ ¿JXUD GR LQTXLOLQR DR TXDO D SHUVRQDJHP GD WLULQKD VH UHIHUH p R D

A B C D E

FRQVWUDQJLPHQWR SRU ROKDUHV GH UHSURYDomR FRVWXPH LPSRVWR DRV ¿OKRV SRU FRDomR FRQVFLrQFLD GD REULJDomR PRUDO pessoa habitante da mesma casa. temor de possível castigo.

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 16 Flor da negritude 1DVFLGR QXPD FDVD DQWLJD SHTXHQD FRP JUDQGH TXLQWDO DUERUL]DGR ORFDOL]DGD QR VXE~UELR GH /LQV GH 9DVFRQFHORV R 5HQDVFHQoD &OXEH IRL IXQGDGR SRU VyFLRV WRGRV QHJURV %XVFDYD VH LQVWDXUDU SRU PHLR GR 5HQDVFHQoD XP FDPSR GH UHODo}HV HP TXH RV ¿OKRV GH IDPtOLDV QHJUDV EHP VXFHGLGDV SXGHVVHP HQFRQWUDU SHVVRDV FRQVLGHUDGDV GR PHVPR QtYHO VRFLDO H FXOWXUDO SDUD ¿QV GH DPL]DGH RX FDVDPHQWR 2V KRPHQV XVDYDP WUDMHV REULJDWRULDPHQWH IRUPDLV Ã&#x20AC;RUHV QD ODSHOD jV YH]HV GH summer RX DWp GH IUDTXH $V PXOKHUHV VH YHVWLDP FRP PXLWDV VHGDV FHWLQV H UHQGDV QmR HVTXHFHQGR DV OXYDV H RV FKDSpXV *,$&20,1, 6 0 Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional VHW DGDSWDGR

1R LQtFLR GRV DQRV D IXQGDomR GR 5HQDVFHQoD &OXEH FRPR HVSDoR GH FRQYLYrQFLD GHPRQVWUD R D

A B C D E

LQH[SHULrQFLD DVVRFLDWLYD TXH OHYRX D HOLWH QHJUD D LPLWDU RV FOXEHV GRV EUDQFRV isolamento da comunidade destacada que ignorava a democracia racial brasileira.

LQWHUHVVH GH XP JUXSR GH QHJURV QD D¿UPDomR VRFLDO SDUD VH OLYUDU GR SUHFRQFHLWR H[LVWrQFLD GH XPD HOLWH QHJUD LPXQH DR SUHFRQFHLWR SHOD SRVLomR VRFLDO TXH RFXSDYD FULDomR GH XP UDFLVPR LQYHUWLGR TXH LPSHGLD D SUHVHQoD GH SHVVRDV EUDQFDV QHVVHV FOXEHV

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 17 8PD IiEULFD QD TXDO RV RSHUiULRV IRVVHP HIHWLYD H LQWHJUDOPHQWH VLPSOHV SHoDV GH PiTXLQDV H[HFXWDQGR FHJDPHQWH DV RUGHQV GD GLUHomR SDUDULD HP TXLQ]H PLQXWRV 2 FDSLWDOLVPR Vy SRGH IXQFLRQDU FRP D FRQWULEXLomR FRQVWDQWH GD DWLYLGDGH SURSULDPHQWH KXPDQD GH VHXV VXEMXJDGRV TXH DR PHVPR WHPSR WHQWD UHGX]LU H GHVXPDQL]DU o mais possível.

CASTORIADIS, C. A instituição imaginária da sociedade 5LR GH -DQHLUR 3D] H 7HUUD

2 WH[WR GHVWDFD DOpP GD GLQkPLFD PDWHULDO GR FDSLWDOLVPR D LPSRUWkQFLD GD GLPHQVmR VLPEyOLFD GD VRFLHGDGH TXH consiste em A B C D

HODERUDU VLJQL¿FDo}HV H YDORUHV QR PXQGR SDUD GRWi OR GH XP VHQWLGR TXH WUDQVFHQGH D FRQFUHWXGH GD YLGD HVWDEHOHFHU UHODo}HV O~GLFDV HQWUH D YLGD H D UHDOLGDGH VHP D SUHWHQVmR GH WUDQVIRUPDU R PXQGR GRV KRPHQV DWXDU VREUH D YLYrQFLD UHDO H PRGL¿Fi OD SDUD HVWDEHOHFHU UHODo}HV LQWHUSHVVRDLV EDVHDGDV QR LQWHUHVVH P~WXR FULDU GLVFXUVRV GHVWLQDGRV D H[HUFHU R FRQYHQFLPHQWR VREUH DXGLrQFLDV LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GDV SRVLo}HV GHIHQGLGDV E GHIHQGHU D FDULGDGH FRPR UHDOL]DomR SHVVRDO SRU PHLR GH SUiWLFDV DVVLVWHQFLDLV QD GHIHVD GRV PHQRV IDYRUHFLGRV &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 18

*BR0975SAB7*

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 20

4XDQGR UHÃ&#x20AC;HWLPRV VREUH D TXHVWmR GD MXVWLoD DOJXPDV DVVRFLDo}HV VmR IHLWDV TXDVH LQWXLWLYDPHQWH WDLV FRPR a de equilíbrio entre as partes, princípio de igualdade, GLVWULEXLomR HTXLWDWLYD PDV ORJR DV GL¿FXOGDGHV VH mostram. Isso porque a nossa sociedade, sendo bastante GLYHUVL¿FDGD DSUHVHQWD XPD KHWHURJHQHLGDGH WDQWR HP WHUPRV GDV GLYHUVDV FXOWXUDV TXH FRH[LVWHP HP XP PXQGR LQWHUOLJDGR FRPR HP UHODomR DRV PRGRV GH YLGD H DRV valores que surgem no interior de uma mesma sociedade. &+(',$. . $ SOXUDOLGDGH FRPR LGHLD UHJXODGRUD D QRomR GH MXVWLoD D SDUWLU GD ¿ORVR¿D GH /\RWDUG Trans/Form/Ação Q DGDSWDGR

$ UHODomR HQWUH MXVWLoD H SOXUDOLGDGH DSUHVHQWDGD SHOD DXWRUD HVWi LQGLFDGD HP A $ FRPSOH[LGDGH GD VRFLHGDGH OLPLWD R H[HUFtFLR GD MXVWLoD H D LPSHGH GH DWXDU D IDYRU GD GLYHUVLGDGH cultural.

B $ GLYHUVLGDGH FXOWXUDO H GH YDORUHV WRUQD D MXVWLoD PDLV FRPSOH[D H GLVWDQWH GH XP SDUkPHWUR JHUDO orientador.

C 2 SDSHO GD MXVWLoD UHIHUH VH j PDQXWHQomR GH SULQFtSLRV ¿[RV H LQFRQGLFLRQDLV HP IXQomR GD diversidade cultural e de valores.

D 2 SUHVVXSRVWR GD MXVWLoD p IRPHQWDU R FULWpULR GH LJXDOGDGH D ¿P GH TXH HVVH YDORU WRUQH VH DEVROXWR OITICICA, H. Parangolé 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ PXKND EH $FHVVR HP PDLR em todas as sociedades. ,QVSLUDGD HP IDQWDVLDV GH &DUQDYDO D DUWH DSUHVHQWDGD VH E 2 DVSHFWR IXQGDPHQWDO GD MXVWLoD p R H[HUFtFLR GH RSXQKD j FRQFHSomR GH SDWULP{QLR YLJHQWH QDV GpFDGDV GRPLQDomR H FRQWUROH HYLWDQGR D GHVLQWHJUDomR GH GH H QD PHGLGD HP TXH XPD VRFLHGDGH GLYHUVL¿FDGD A VH DSURSULDYD GDV H[SUHVV}HV GD FXOWXUD SRSXODU SDUD SURGX]LU XPD DUWH HIrPHUD GHVWLQDGD DR SURWHVWR QUESTÃ&#x192;O 19 B UHVJDWDYD VtPERORV DPHUtQGLRV H DIULFDQRV SDUD VH $ UHQDWXUDOL]DomR GH ULRV H FyUUHJRV p Ki PXLWR DGDSWDU D H[SRVLo}HV HP HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV WHPSR XPD UHDOLGDGH QD (XURSD QR -DSmR QD &RUHLD GR C DEVRUYLD HOHPHQWRV JUi¿FRV GD SURSDJDQGD SDUD FULDU Sul, nos Estados Unidos e em outros países. No Brasil REMHWRV FRPHUFLDOL]iYHLV SHODV JDOHULDV DLQGD VmR PXLWR WtPLGDV DV LQLFLDWLYDV PDV DOJXPDV D valorizava elementos da arte popular para construir SRXFDV FLGDGHV HVWmR DGRWDQGR HVVD LPSRUWDQWH SUiWLFD representações da identidade brasileira.

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS VRVULRVGREUDVLO EORJVSRW FRP EU $FHVVR HP GH] DGDSWDGR

E incorporava elementos da cultura de massa para $ OHJLVODomR EUDVLOHLUD DYDQoRX DR HVWDEHOHFHU FRPR DWHQGHU jV H[LJrQFLDV GRV PXVHXV XQLGDGH WHUULWRULDO SDUD D JHVWmR GHVVH UHFXUVR A B C D E

os biomas.

DV UHVHUYDV HFROyJLFDV as unidades do relevo.

DV EDFLDV KLGURJUi¿FDV DV iUHDV GH SUHVHUYDomR DPELHQWDO

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB8*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 21

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 23

2 0DU GH $UDO ORFDOL]DGR HQWUH R &D]DTXLVWmR H R 8]EHTXLVWmR HUD DWp R TXDUWR PDLRU ODJR GR PXQGR FREULQGR XPD iUHD GH PLO TXLO{PHWURV TXDGUDGRV FRP XP YROXPH HVWLPDGR GH PDLV GH TXLO{PHWURV F~ELFRV O Aral e toda a bacia do lago ganharam notoriedade mundial como uma das maiores degradações ambientais GR VpFXOR ;; FDXVDGDV SHOR KRPHP e UHIHULGD FRPR D ³&KHUQRE\O &DODGD´ XPD FDWiVWURIH VLOHQFLRVD TXH HYROXLX OHQWDPHQWH GH IRUPD TXDVH LPSHUFHSWtYHO DR ORQJR GDV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV 2 IXWXUR GR $UDO p LQFHUWR $ ~QLFD FHUWH]D p TXH R ODJR p DJRUD FHQiULR GH XPD FDWiVWURIH DPELHQWDO j PHGLGD TXH R QtYHO GH iJXD GHFOLQD H R HFRVVLVWHPD GHJUDGD VH SURYRFDQGR XP DPELHQWH GH GHWHULRUDomR H FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD H GH VD~GH SUHFiULDV SDUD RV SRYRV TXH YLYHP jV PDUJHQV GR ODJR

1RVVDV YLGDV VmR GRPLQDGDV QmR Vy SHODV LQXWLOLGDGHV GH QRVVRV FRQWHPSRUkQHRV FRPR WDPEpP SHODV GH KRPHQV TXH Mi PRUUHUDP Ki YiULDV JHUDo}HV $OpP disso, cada inutilidade ganha credibilidade e reverência FRP FDGD GpFDGD SDVVDGD GHVGH VXD SURPXOJDomR ,VVR VLJQL¿FD TXH FDGD VLWXDomR VRFLDO HP TXH QRV HQFRQWUDPRV QmR Vy p GH¿QLGD SRU QRVVRV FRQWHPSRUkQHRV FRPR DLQGD SUHGH¿QLGD SRU QRVVRV SUHGHFHVVRUHV (VVH IDWR p H[SUHVVR QR DIRULVPR VHJXQGR R TXDO RV PRUWRV VmR PDLV poderosos que os vivos. %(5*(5 3 Perspectivas sociológicas XPD YLVmR KXPDQtVWLFD 3HWUySROLV 9R]HV DGDSWDGR

6HJXQGR D SHUVSHFWLYD DSUHVHQWDGD QR WH[WR RV LQGLYtGXRV GH GLIHUHQWHV JHUDo}HV FRQYLYHP QXPD mesma sociedade, com tradições que

6$17,$*2 ( 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ LQIRHVFROD FRP $FHVVR HP GH] DGDSWDGR

A SHUPDQHFHP FRPR GHWHUPLQDo}HV GD RUJDQL]DomR social.

2V LPSDFWRV DPELHQWDLV QR 0DU GH $UDO VmR GLUHWDPHQWH resultantes da B promovem o esquecimento dos costumes.

A H[SORUDomR GH SHWUyOHR HP iJXDV SURIXQGDV GHVVH C FRQ¿JXUDP D VXSHUDomR GH YDORUHV PDU SDUD DWHQGHU j GHPDQGD FHQWUR DVLiWLFD D sobrevivem como heranças sociais.

B DSOLFDomR GH SHVWLFLGDV QDV ODYRXUDV GH VHX HQWRUQR E atuam como aptidões instintivas. para aumentar a produtividade.

C FRQVWUXomR GH HGL¿FDo}HV HP VXDV PDUJHQV SDUD desenvolver a atividade turística.

D XWLOL]DomR GH VXDV iJXDV SDUD DWHQGHU jV QHFHVVLGDGHV GD LQG~VWULD SHVTXHLUD E H[WUDomR GDV iJXDV GH VHXV DÃ&#x20AC;XHQWHV SDUD D LUULJDomR de lavouras.

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 22 Ã&#x201D; ô, com tanto pau no mato (PED~ED p FRURQp Com tanto pau no mato, ê ê Com tanto pau no mato (PED~ED p FRURQp Embaúba iUYRUH FRPXP H LQ~WLO SRU VHU SRGUH SRU dentro, segundo o historiador Stanley Stein.

STEIN, S. J. Vassouras XP PXQLFtSLR EUDVLOHLUR GR FDIp 5LR GH -DQHLUR 1RYD )URQWHLUD DGDSWDGR

2V YHUVRV ID]HP SDUWH GH XP MRQJR JrQHUR SRpWLFR musical cantado por escravos e seus descendentes no %UDVLO QR VpFXOR ;,; H SURFXUDP H[SUHVVDU D A H[SORUDomR UXUDO B bravura senhorial.

C resistência cultural.

D violência escravista.

E ideologia paternalista. &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

2016

*BR0975SAB9*

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 24 TEXTO I Embora eles, artistas modernos, se deem como novos precursores duma arte a ir, nada ĂŠ mais velho que a arte DQRUPDO 'H Ki PXLWRV Mi TXH D HVWXGDP RV SVLTXLDWUDV HP VHXV WUDWDGRV GRFXPHQWDQGR VH QRV LQ~PHURV GHVHQKRV TXH RUQDP DV SDUHGHV LQWHUQDV GRV PDQLF{PLRV (VVDV FRQVLGHUDo}HV VmR SURYRFDGDV SHOD H[SRVLomR GD 6UD 0DOIDWWL 6HMDP VLQFHURV IXWXULVPR FXELVPR LPSUHVVLRQLVPR H tutti quanti QmR SDVVDP GH RXWURV WDQWRV UDPRV GD DUWH FDULFDWXUDO /2%$72 0 3DUDQRLD RX PLVWLÂżFDomR D SURSyVLWR GD H[SRVLomR GH $QLWD 0DOIDWWL O Estado de SĂŁo Paulo GH] DGDSWDGR

TEXTO II $QLWD 0DOIDWWL SRVVXLGRUD GH XPD DOWD FRQVFLrQFLD GR TXH ID] D YLEUDQWH DUWLVWD QmR WHPHX OHYDQWDU FRP RV VHXV cinquenta trabalhos as mais irritadas opiniĂľes e as mais contrariantes hostilidades. As suas telas chocam o preconceito IRWRJUiÂżFR TXH JHUDOPHQWH VH OHYD QR HVStULWR SDUD DV QRVVDV H[SRVLo}HV GH SLQWXUD 1D DUWH D UHDOLGDGH QD LOXVmR p R TXH WRGRV SURFXUDP ( RV QDWXUDOLVWDV PDLV SHUIHLWRV VmR RV TXH PHOKRU FRQVHJXHP LOXGLU $1'5$'( 2 $ H[SRVLomR $QLWD 0DOIDWWL Jornal do Commercio MDQ DGDSWDGR

TEXTO III

0$/)$77, $ O homem amarelo Ă?OHR VREUH WHOD [ FP 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ HVWDGDR FRP EU $FHVVR HP IHY

$ DQiOLVH GRV GRFXPHQWRV DSUHVHQWDGRV GHPRQVWUD TXH R FHQiULR DUWtVWLFR EUDVLOHLUR QR SULPHLUR TXDUWHO GR VpFXOR ;; HUD FDUDFWHUL]DGR SHOR D

A B C D

GRPtQLR GR DFDGHPLFLVPR TXH GLÂżFXOWDYD D UHFHSomR GD YHUWHQWH UHDOLVWD QD REUD GH $QLWD 0DOIDWWL GLVVRQkQFLD HQWUH DV YHUWHQWHV DUWtVWLFDV TXH GLYHUJLDP VREUH D YDOLGDGH GR PRGHOR HVWpWLFR HXURSHX H[DOWDomR GD EHOH]D H GD ULJLGH] GD IRUPD TXH MXVWLÂżFDYDP D DGDSWDomR GD HVWpWLFD HXURSHLD j UHDOLGDGH EUDVLOHLUD LPSDFWR GH QRYDV OLQJXDJHQV HVWpWLFDV TXH DOWHUDYDP R FRQFHLWR GH DUWH H DEDVWHFLDP D EXVFD SRU XPD SURGXomR artĂ­stica nacional.

E LQĂ&#x20AC;XrQFLD GRV PRYLPHQWRV DUWtVWLFRV HXURSHXV GH YDQJXDUGD TXH OHYDYD RV PRGHUQLVWDV D FRSLDUHP VXDV WpFQLFDV H WHPiWLFDV

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB10*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 25

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 26 A atividade atualmente chamada de ciência tem VH PRVWUDGR IDWRU LPSRUWDQWH QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD FLYLOL]DomR OLEHUDO VHUYLX SDUD HOLPLQDU FUHQoDV H SUiWLFDV VXSHUVWLFLRVDV SDUD DIDVWDU WHPRUHV EURWDGRV GD LJQRUkQFLD H SDUD IRUQHFHU EDVH LQWHOHFWXDO GH DYDOLDomR GH FRVWXPHV KHUGDGRV H GH QRUPDV tradicionais de conduta.

1$*(/ ( HW DO Ciência QDWXUH]D H REMHWLYR 6mR 3DXOR &XOWUL[ DGDSWDGR

Quais características permitem conceber a ciência com os aspectos críticos mencionados?

A $SUHVHQWDU H[SOLFDo}HV HP XPD OLQJXDJHP determinada e isenta de erros.

B 3RVVXLU SURSRVLo}HV TXH VmR UHFRQKHFLGDV FRPR LQTXHVWLRQiYHLV H QHFHVViULDV C 6HU IXQGDPHQWDGD HP XP FRUSR GH FRQKHFLPHQWR autoevidente e verdadeiro.

D Estabelecer rigorosa correspondência entre princípios H[SOLFDWLYRV H IDWRV REVHUYDGRV E Constituir-se como saber organizado ao permitir FODVVL¿FDo}HV GHGX]LGDV GD UHDOLGDGH

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 27

+(1),/ 'LUHWDV -i ,Q /(026 5 2UJ Uma história do Brasil através da caricatura (1840-2001) 5LR GH -DQHLUR /HWUDV ([SUHVV}HV

A eugenia, tal como originalmente concebida, era D DSOLFDomR GH ³ERDV SUiWLFDV GH PHOKRUDPHQWR´ DR DSULPRUDPHQWR GD HVSpFLH KXPDQD )UDQFLV *DOWRQ IRL R SULPHLUR D VXJHULU FRP GHVWDTXH R YDORU GD UHSURGXomR humana controlada, considerando-a produtora do DSHUIHLoRDPHQWR GD HVSpFLH

526( 0 O espectro de Darwin 5LR GH -DQHLUR =DKDU DGDSWDGR

$ LPDJHP ID] UHIHUrQFLD D XPD LQWHQVD PRELOL]DomR popular e pode ser traduzida como 8P UHVXOWDGR GD DSOLFDomR GHVVD WHRULD GLVVHPLQDGD D A D FDPSDQKD SRSXODU TXH FRQIURQWDYD D OHJLWLPLGDGH SDUWLU GD VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;,; IRL R D

A DSURYDomR GH PHGLGDV GH LQFOXVmR VRFLDO D PDQLIHVWDomR GH PLOKDUHV GH SHVVRDV HP SURO GD B DGRomR GH FULDQoDV FRP GLIHUHQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV UHDOL]DomR GH HOHLo}HV SDUD R 6HQDGR ItVLFDV DV SDVVHDWDV UHDOL]DGDV HP SURO GR ¿P GD 'LWDGXUD C HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH OHJLVODomR TXH FRPEDWLD DV 0LOLWDU QR %UDVLO H QD $UJHQWLQD divisões sociais.

RV FRPtFLRV H PDQLIHVWDo}HV SRSXODUHV SHOD DEHUWXUD D SULVmR H HVWHULOL]DomR GH SHVVRDV FRP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SROtWLFD GH IRUPD OHQWD H VHJXUD FRQVLGHUDGDV LQIHULRUHV R PRYLPHQWR TXH H[LJLD R GLUHLWR j LJXDOGDGH GH YRWR E GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH SUyWHVHV TXH SRVVLELOLWDYDP D para homens e mulheres.

UHDELOLWDomR GH SHVVRDV GH¿FLHQWHV das eleições indiretas no país.

B C D E

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB11*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 28

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 29

2V ULFRV DGTXLULUDP XPD REULJDomR UHODWLYDPHQWH j FRLVD S~EOLFD XPD YH] TXH GHYHP VXD H[LVWrQFLD DR DWR GH VXEPLVVmR j VXD SURWHomR H ]HOR R TXH QHFHVVLWDP SDUD YLYHU R (VWDGR HQWmR IXQGDPHQWD R VHX GLUHLWR GH FRQWULEXLomR GR TXH p GHOHV QHVVD REULJDomR YLVDQGR D PDQXWHQomR GH VHXV FRQFLGDGmRV ,VVR SRGH VHU UHDOL]DGR SHOD LPSRVLomR GH XP LPSRVWR VREUH D SURSULHGDGH RX D DWLYLGDGH FRPHUFLDO GRV FLGDGmRV RX SHOR HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH IXQGRV H GH XVR GRV MXURV REWLGRV D SDUWLU GHOHV QmR SDUD VXSULU DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GR (VWDGR XPD YH] TXH HVWH é rico), mas para suprir as necessidades do povo.

As camadas dirigentes paulistas na segunda PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;,; UHFRUULDP j KLVWyULD H j ¿JXUD dos bandeirantes. Para os paulistas, desde o início da FRORQL]DomR RV KDELWDQWHV GH 3LUDWLQLQJD DQWLJR QRPH GH 6mR 3DXOR WLQKDP VLGR UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD DPSOLDomR GR WHUULWyULR QDFLRQDO HQULTXHFHQGR D PHWUySROH SRUWXJXHVD FRP R RXUR H H[SDQGLQGR VXDV SRVVHVV}HV *UDoDV j LQWHJUDomR WHUULWRULDO TXH SURPRYHUDP RV EDQGHLUDQWHV HUDP WLGRV DLQGD FRPR IXQGDGRUHV GD XQLGDGH QDFLRQDO 5HSUHVHQWDYDP D OHDOGDGH j SURYtQFLD GH 6mR 3DXOR H ao Brasil.

KANT, I. A metafísica dos costumes %DXUX (GLSUR

6HJXQGR HVVH WH[WR GH .DQW R (VWDGR A deve sustentar todas as pessoas que vivem sob seu SRGHU D ¿P GH TXH D GLVWULEXLomR VHMD SDULWiULD B HVWi DXWRUL]DGR D FREUDU LPSRVWRV GRV FLGDGmRV ULFRV SDUD VXSULU DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV FLGDGmRV SREUHV C dispõe de poucos recursos e, por esse motivo, é obrigado a cobrar impostos idênticos dos seus membros.

D GHOHJD DRV FLGDGmRV R GHYHU GH VXSULU DV necessidades do Estado, por causa do seu elevado FXVWR GH PDQXWHQomR E tem a incumbência de proteger os ricos das LPSRVLo}HV SHFXQLiULDV GRV SREUHV SRLV RV ULFRV pagam mais tributos.

$%8' . 0 3DXOLVWDV XQL YRV Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional, Q MXO DGDSWDGR

1R SHUtRGR GD KLVWyULD QDFLRQDO DQDOLVDGR D HVWUDWpJLD GHVFULWD WLQKD FRPR REMHWLYR A SURPRYHU R SLRQHLULVPR LQGXVWULDO SHOD VXEVWLWXLomR de importações.

B TXHVWLRQDU R JRYHUQR UHJHQFLDO GHVFHQWUDOL]DomR DGPLQLVWUDWLYD

DSyV

D

C UHFXSHUDU D KHJHPRQLD SHUGLGD FRP R ¿P GD SROtWLFD GR FDIp FRP OHLWH D DXPHQWDU D SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD HP IXQomR GD H[SDQVmR FDIHHLUD E legitimar o movimento abolicionista durante a crise do escravismo.

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 30 2EMHWRV WULYLDOL]DGRV SRU VHX ODUJR XVR RV UHOyJLRV VmR PDLV TXH LQVWUXPHQWRV LQGLVSHQViYHLV j URWLQD GLiULD apontam para um modo historicamente construído de lidar com o tempo. O emprego mais rigoroso e cotidiano de instrumentos que registram a passagem do tempo SRGH VHU FRQVWDWDGR SHOD SURGXomR PDVVL¿FDGD GH UHOyJLRV HP HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV QR DPELHQWH GRPpVWLFR H QRV LQFRQWiYHLV PRYLPHQWRV GR KRPHP XUEDQR RXWURUD na algibeira, atualmente no pulso. Em seus ponteiros, a VXFHVVmR GRV LQVWDQWHV p SDGURQL]DGD HP XQLGDGHV ¿[DV horas, minutos, segundos.

6,/9$ ),/+2 $ / 0 Fortaleza LPDJHQV GD FLGDGH )RUWDOH]D 0XVHX GR &HDUi 6HFXOW &( DGDSWDGR

'XUDQWH R VpFXOR ;; HVVD IRUPD GH FRQFHEHU R WHPSR H[SHULPHQWDGD VREUHWXGR QR HVSDoR XUEDQR WUD] LQGtFLRV de uma cultura marcada pela A RUJDQL]DomR GR WHPSR GH PRGR RUJkQLFR H SHVVRDO B UHFXVD DR FRQWUROH GR WHPSR H[HUFLGR SHORV UHOyJLRV C GHPRFUDWL]DomR QRV XVRV H DSURSULDo}HV GR WHPSR cotidiano.

D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XPD PDLRU PDWHPDWL]DomR GR WHPSR cotidiano.

E XWLOL]DomR GR UHOyJLR FRPR H[SHULrQFLD QDWXUDO GH HODERUDomR GR WHPSR &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB12*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 31 $ LPDJHP DSUHVHQWD XP H[HPSOR GH FURTXL GH VtQWHVH VREUH R WXULVPR QD )UDQoD

Turismo na França BENELUX

ROYAUME-UNI

ALLEMAGNE NORMANDIE

BRETAGNE

VOSGES Châteaux de la Loire JURA

SUISSE

VENDÃ&#x2030;E MASSIF CENTRAL ITALIE ALPES Provence romaine PAYS BASQUE

CÃ&#x201D;TE Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; AZUR LANGUEDOC PYRENÃ&#x2030;ES

Eixos e Fluxos Fluxo de Turistas Estrangeiros Eixos Principais Eixos Secundários

Regiões Turísticas Principais Regiões de Turismo Balneário Outras Regiões de Turismo Balneário Turismo de Montanha Turismo Verde

Planejamento Turismo Cultural Muito Importante Litorais Planejados Parques Nacionais

Turismo Cultural Importante

Estações

321786&+.$ 1 1 3$*$1(//, 7 / &$&(7( 1 + 3DUD HQVLQDU H DSUHQGHU JHRJUD¿D 6mR 3DXOR &RUWH] DGDSWDGR

2V FURTXLV VmR HVTXHPDV JUi¿FRV TXH A B C D

WrP DV PHGLGDV UHSUHVHQWDGDV HP HVFDOD XQLIRUPH UHVVDOWDP D GLVWULEXLomR HVSDFLDO GRV IHQ{PHQRV H RV IDWRUHV GH ORFDOL]DomR WrP D UHSUHVHQWDomR JUi¿FD GH GLVWkQFLDV GR WHUUHQR IHLWD VREUH XPD OLQKD UHWD JUDGXDGD LQGLFDP D UHODomR HQWUH D GLPHQVmR GR HVSDoR UHDO H D GR HVSDoR UHSUHVHQWDGR SRU PHLR GH XPD SURSRUomR numérica.

E SURSRUFLRQDP D REWHQomR GH LQIRUPDo}HV DFHUFD GH XP REMHWR iUHD RX IHQ{PHQR ORFDOL]DGR QD 7HUUD VHP TXH KDMD FRQWDWR ItVLFR

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB13*

2016

QUESTÃO 32 Carta de princípios $V DOWHUQDWLYDV SURSRVWDV QR )yUXP 6RFLDO 0XQGLDO FRQWUDS}HP VH D XP SURFHVVR GH JOREDOL]DomR FRPDQGDGR pelas grandes corporações multinacionais e pelos governos e instituições internacionais a serviço de seus interesses, com a cumplicidade de governos nacionais.

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS IVPSRD FRP EU $FHVVR HP DJR

2 IyUXP PHQFLRQDGR WHP FRPR REMHWLYR GLVFXWLU SURSRVWDV TXH FRQFUHWL]HP D A SURSRVLomR GD LJXDOGDGH FXOWXUDO HQWUH RV SRYRV B DPSOLDomR GR ÀX[R SRSXODFLRQDO HQWUH RV (VWDGRV C FRQVWUXomR GH XPD UHODomR VROLGiULD HQWUH RV SDtVHV D LQWHQVL¿FDomR GDV UHODo}HV HFRQ{PLFDV HQWUH DV QDo}HV E KRPRJHQHL]DomR GR FRQVXPR HQWUH D SRSXODomR PXQGLDO

QUESTÃO 33

São Luís

CENTRO DE VIGILÂNCIA UNIDADE DE VIGILÂNCIA UNIDADE DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES UNIDADE DE VIGILÂNCIA E TELECOMUNICAÇÕES PELOTÃO DE FRONTEIRA PELOTÃO DE FRONTEIRA EM IMPLANTAÇÃO 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ JHRJUD¿DSDUDWRGRV FRP EU $FHVVR HP DJR

$ DQiOLVH GD LPDJHP UHPHWH D XPD HVWUDWpJLD TXH SUHVVXS}H R D

A B C D E

SUHRFXSDomR JRYHUQDPHQWDO FRP D HQWUDGD GH LPLJUDQWHV QR SDtV GHWHUPLQDomR GR JRYHUQR HP LPSHGLU D H[SDQVmR GH SDtVHV YL]LQKRV XWLOL]DomR GH WHFQRORJLDV QR SURFHVVR GH WHUULWRULDOL]DomR GR HVSDoR EUDVLOHLUR GHFLVmR GR JRYHUQR HP SURWHJHU DV iUHDV GH FRQVWUXomR GH KLGUHOpWULFDV QR %UDVLO GLUHFLRQDPHQWR GRV LQYHVWLPHQWRV PLOLWDUHV SDUD D SURWHomR GH UHFXUVRV ELRJHQpWLFRV

&+ GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB14*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 34

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 35

$V LQIRUPDo}HV VXJHULGDV SRU $QW{QLR 0DQXHO HVWmR LPHUVDV HP XP MRUQDO GLYLGLGR HQWUH R ³UHDO´ H R TXH SRGHPRV FKDPDU GH ³VLWXDFLRQDO´ 2 DUWLVWD WUDQVIRUPD WRGR R FOLPD GH UHSUHVVmR QD SUySULD PDWpULD GH VHX WUDEDOKR XWLOL]DQGR RV PHLRV GH FRPXQLFDomR FRPR DUPD LU{QLFD

FRQWUD D HVWUXWXUD GH SRGHU GH XP (VWDGR DXWRULWiULR

(QIHUPR D GH QRYHPEUR QD VHJXQGD IHLUD R YHOKR /LPD YROWRX DR WUDEDOKR LJQRUDQGR TXH QR HQWUHWHPSR caíra o regime. Sentou-se e viu que tinham tirado da SDUHGH D YHOKD OLWRJUD¿D UHSUHVHQWDQGR ' 3HGUR GH $OFkQWDUD &RPR QD RFDVLmR SDVVDVVH XP FRQWtQXR perguntou-lhe:

SCOVINO, F. Com as armas do inimigo. Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional, Q VHW DGDSWDGR

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Por que tiraram da parede o retrato de Sua 0DMHVWDGH"

1R FRQWH[WR KLVWyULFR GHVFULWR D HVWUDWpJLD DGRWDGD SRU O contínuo respondeu, num tom lentamente DOJXQV VHJPHQWRV GD LPSUHQVD SDUD D FRQVWUXomR GH XPD desdenhoso: FUtWLFD VRFLRSROtWLFD IRL D GH ² 2UD FLGDGmR TXH ID]LD DOL D ¿JXUD GR 3HGUR A EXUODU D FHQVXUD FRQWULEXLQGR SDUD D DQiOLVH GD Banana? vida social. ² 3HGUR %DQDQD ² UHSHWLX UDLYRVR R YHOKR /LPD B MXVWL¿FDU R UHJLPH YLJHQWH DSUHVHQWDQGR YHUV}HV diversas da realidade.

E, sentando-se, pensou com tristeza: C HVWLPXODU D OLYUH LQWHUSUHWDomR GRV IDWRV DWHQGHQGR ² 1mR GRX WUrV DQRV SDUD TXH LVVR VHMD XPD aos interesses dominantes.

5HS~EOLFD D DSULPRUDU R DOFDQFH GDV LQIRUPDo}HV DSUHVHQWDQGR $=(9('2 $ Vidas alheias 3RUWR $OHJUH V H DGDSWDGR

as notícias em tempo real.

E PDQLSXODU D YLVmR FROHWLYD SURPRYHQGR LQWHUSUHWDo}HV A crônica de Artur Azevedo, retratando os dias imediatos j LQVWDXUDomR GD 5HS~EOLFD QR %UDVLO UHIHUH VH DR j

GLVWRUFLGDV GDV QRWtFLDV R¿FLDLV A DXVrQFLD GH SDUWLFLSDomR SRSXODU QR SURFHVVR GH TXHGD GD 0RQDUTXLD B WHQVmR VRFLDO HQYROYLGD QR SURFHVVR GH LQVWDXUDomR do novo regime.

C PRELOL]DomR GH VHWRUHV VRFLDLV QD UHVWDXUDomR GR antigo regime.

D WHPRU GRV VHWRUHV EXURFUiWLFRV FRP R QRYR UHJLPH E GHPRUD QD FRQVROLGDomR GR QRYR UHJLPH

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB15*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 36

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 37

$PHDoD UHDO j VHJXUDQoD GH PDLV GH SHVVRDV GH FDVDV GH 3ODQDOWLQD GH *RLiV D YRoRURFD TXH OHYRX j GHFUHWDomR GH VLWXDomR GH HPHUJrQFLD QR PXQLFtSLR SHOR 0LQLVWpULR GD ,QWHJUDomR 1DFLRQDO IRL YLVWRULDGD SHOR SURFXUDGRU JHUDO GH -XVWLoD GH *RLiV H SRU YiULDV DXWRULGDGHV GDV WUrV HVIHUDV GH JRYHUQR 'XUDQWH D YLVWRULD GD HURVmR TXH Mi PHGH TXDVH TXLO{PHWURV GH H[WHQVmR IRL FRQ¿UPDGD D OLEHUDomR GH UHFXUVRV YLVDQGR paralisar o processo degradante.

$UW Â&#x17E; ± 6mR GLUHLWRV GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV XUEDQRV e rurais, além de outros que visem a melhoria de sua FRQGLomR VRFLDO

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS PS JR MXVEUDVLO FRP EU $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR

;;9 ± DVVLVWrQFLD JUDWXLWD DRV ¿OKRV H GHSHQGHQWHV GHVGH R QDVFLPHQWR DWp FLQFR DQRV GH LGDGH HP FUHFKHV H SUp HVFRODV 5HGDomR GDGD SHOD (PHQGD &RQVWLWXFLRQDO Q GH

'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ MXVEUDVLO FRP EU $FHVVR HP IHY DGDSWDGR

$ LQFOXVmR GR GLUHLWR j FUHFKH H j SUp HVFROD QD &RQVWLWXLomR GD 5HS~EOLFD )HGHUDWLYD GR %UDVLO SRGH VHU H[SOLFDGD SHOD A UHGXomR GD WD[D GH IHFXQGLGDGH QR SDtV B SUHFDUL]DomR GDV UHGHV GH HVFRODV S~EOLFDV brasileiras.

C PRELOL]DomR GDV PXOKHUHV LQVHULGDV QR PHUFDGR GH trabalho.

D DWXDomR GD LQLFLDWLYD SULYDGD FRQVRDQWH jV GHPDQGDV VRFLDLV GD SRSXODomR E FRQVWDWDomR GRV HOHYDGRV tQGLFHV GH PDXV WUDWRV VRIULGRV SHODV FULDQoDV QR %UDVLO

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 38 'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS DO JR OHJ EU $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR

$ 6HJXQGD 5HYROXomR ,QGXVWULDO QR ILQDO GR 2 IHQ{PHQR QRWLFLDGR VREUH D iUHD XUEDQD GH século XIX e início do século XX, nos EUA, período em 3ODQDOWLQD *2 WHP VXD RULJHP H[SOLFDGD SHOD TXH D HOHWULFLGDGH SDVVRX JUDGDWLYDPHQWH D ID]HU SDUWH A IUDFD FREHUWXUD YHJHWDO H FRPSRVLomR GR VROR do cotidiano das cidades e a alimentar os motores das UHVXOWDGR GD DomR HURVLYD QDWXUDO GDV FKXYDV IiEULFDV FDUDFWHUL]RX VH SHOD DGPLQLVWUDomR FLHQWt¿FD GR B UHODomR HQWUH R GHFOLYH GR WHUUHQR H D IRUoD HURVLYD GD WUDEDOKR H SHOD SURGXomR HP VpULH iJXD UHVXOWDGR GD HYROXomR GR UHOHYR 0(5/2 $ 5 & /$3,6 1 / $ VD~GH H RV SURFHVVRV GH WUDEDOKR QR FDSLWDOLVPR UHÃ&#x20AC;H[}HV QD LQWHUIDFH GD SVLFRGLQkPLFD GR WUDEDOKR H GD VRFLRORJLD GR WUDEDOKR C declividade do terreno e intensidade das chuvas, Psicologia e Sociedade Q DEU UHVXOWDGR GR HVFRDPHQWR VXSHU¿FLDO GDV iJXDV 'H DFRUGR FRP R WH[WR QD SULPHLUD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;; pluviais. o capitalismo produziu um novo espaço geoeconômico e D GHJUDGDomR DPELHQWDO H GH¿FLrQFLD QD GUHQDJHP GH iJXDV SOXYLDLV UHVXOWDGR GD RFXSDomR H XVR XPD UHYROXomR TXH HVWi UHODFLRQDGD FRP D inadequado do solo.

A SUROLIHUDomR GH SHTXHQDV H PpGLDV HPSUHVDV TXH VH equiparam com as novas tecnologias e aumentaram E GHFRPSRVLomR H WUDQVSRUWH GH VHGLPHQWRV SRU HVFRDPHQWR VXSHU¿FLDO UHVXOWDGR GH SURFHVVRV D SURGXomR FRP DSRUWH GR JUDQGH FDSLWDO HURVLYRV QDWXUDLV jV HQFRVWDV B WpFQLFD GH SURGXomR IRUGLVWD TXH LQVWLWXLX D GLYLVmR H D KLHUDUTXL]DomR GR WUDEDOKR HP TXH FDGD WUDEDOKDGRU realizava apenas uma etapa do processo produtivo.

C SDVVDJHP GR VLVWHPD GH SURGXomR DUWHVDQDO SDUD R VLVWHPD GH SURGXomR IDEULO FRQFHQWUDQGR VH SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD SURGXomR Wr[WLO GHVWLQDGD DR mercado interno.

D independência política das nações colonizadas, que permitiu igualdade nas relações econômicas entre os países produtores de matérias-primas e os países industrializados.

E FRQVWLWXLomR GH XPD FODVVH GH DVVDODULDGRV TXH SRVVXtDP FRPR IRQWH GH VXEVLVWrQFLD D YHQGD GH VXD IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR H TXH OXWDYDP SHOD PHOKRULD GDV FRQGLo}HV GH WUDEDOKR QDV IiEULFDV &+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB16*

2016

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 39

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 41

2 DSDUHFLPHQWR GD SyOLV VLWXDGR HQWUH RV VpFXORV 9,,, H 9,, D & FRQVWLWXL QD KLVWyULD GR SHQVDPHQWR grego, um acontecimento decisivo. Certamente, no plano intelectual como no domínio das instituiçþes, a vida social H DV UHODo}HV HQWUH RV KRPHQV WRPDP XPD IRUPD QRYD FXMD RULJLQDOLGDGH IRL SOHQDPHQWH VHQWLGD SHORV JUHJRV PDQLIHVWDQGR VH QR VXUJLPHQWR GD ¿ORVR¿D

e KRMH D QRVVD IHVWD QDFLRQDO 2 %UDVLO LQWHLUR GD FDSLWDO GR ,PSpULR D PDLV UHPRWD H LQVLJQL¿FDQWH GH VXDV DOGHRODV FRQJUHJD VH XQkQLPH SDUD FRPHPRUDU R GLD TXH R WLURX GHQWUH DV QDo}HV GHSHQGHQWHV SDUD FRORFi OR HQWUH as naçþes soberanas, e entregou-lhe os seus destinos, TXH DWp HQWmR KDYLDP ¿FDGR D FDUJR GH XP SRYR HVWUDQKR

VERNANT, J.-P. As origens do pensamento grego 5LR GH -DQHLUR 'LIHO DGDSWDGR

Gazeta de NotĂ­cias VHW

$V IHVWLYLGDGHV HP WRUQR GD ,QGHSHQGrQFLD GR %UDVLO 6HJXQGR 9HUQDQW D ÂżORVRÂżD QD DQWLJD *UpFLD IRL PDUFDP R QRVVR FDOHQGiULR GHVGH RV DQRV LPHGLDWDPHQWH SRVWHULRUHV DR GH VHWHPEUR GH (VVD FRPHPRUDomR UHVXOWDGR GR D

HVWi GLUHWDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGD FRP A FRQVWLWXLomR GR UHJLPH GHPRFUiWLFR A D FRQVWUXomR H PDQXWHQomR GH VtPERORV SDUD D B contato dos gregos com outros povos.

IRUPDomR GH XPD LGHQWLGDGH QDFLRQDO C desenvolvimento no campo das navegaçþes.

B o domínio da elite brasileira sobre os principais cargos D aparecimento de novas instituiçþes religiosas.

SROtWLFRV TXH VH HIHWLYRX ORJR DSyV E VXUJLPHQWR GD FLGDGH FRPR RUJDQL]DomR VRFLDO C RV LQWHUHVVHV GH VHQKRUHV GH WHUUDV TXH DSyV D ,QGHSHQGrQFLD H[LJLUDP D DEROLomR GD HVFUDYLGmR QUESTĂ&#x192;O 40 D R DSRLR SRSXODU jV PHGLGDV WRPDGDV SHOR JRYHUQR LPSHULDO SDUD D H[SXOVmR GH HVWUDQJHLURV GR SDtV 7RGDV DV FRLVDV VmR GLIHUHQFLDo}HV GH XPD PHVPD FRLVD H VmR D PHVPD FRLVD ( LVWR p HYLGHQWH 3RUTXH E D FRQVFLrQFLD GD SRSXODomR VREUH RV VHXV GLUHLWRV VH DV FRLVDV TXH VmR DJRUD QHVWH PXQGR Ę&#x160; WHUUD iJXD DGTXLULGRV SRVWHULRUPHQWH j WUDQVIHUrQFLD GD &RUWH DU H IRJR H DV RXWUDV FRLVDV TXH VH PDQLIHVWDP QHVWH para o Rio de Janeiro.

PXQGR Ę&#x160; VH DOJXPD GHVWDV FRLVDV IRVVH GLIHUHQWH GH TXDOTXHU RXWUD GLIHUHQWH HP VXD QDWXUH]D SUySULD H VH QmR SHUPDQHFHVVH D PHVPD FRLVD HP VXDV PXLWDV PXGDQoDV H GLIHUHQFLDo}HV HQWmR QmR SRGHULDP DV FRLVDV GH QHQKXPD PDQHLUD PLVWXUDU VH XPDV jV RXWUDV QHP ID]HU EHP RX PDO XPDV jV RXWUDV QHP a planta poderia brotar da terra, nem um animal ou TXDOTXHU RXWUD FRLVD YLU j H[LVWrQFLD VH WRGDV DV FRLVDV QmR IRVVHP FRPSRVWDV GH PRGR D VHUHP DV PHVPDV 7RGDV DV FRLVDV QDVFHP DWUDYpV GH GLIHUHQFLDo}HV GH XPD PHVPD FRLVD RUD HP XPD IRUPD RUD HP RXWUD retomando sempre a mesma coisa. ',Ă?*(1(6 ,Q %251+(,0 * $ 2V ÂżOyVRIRV SUp VRFUiWLFRV 6mR 3DXOR &XOWUL[

2 WH[WR GHVFUHYH DUJXPHQWRV GRV SULPHLURV SHQVDGRUHV GHQRPLQDGRV SUp VRFUiWLFRV 3DUD HOHV D SULQFLSDO SUHRFXSDomR ÂżORVyÂżFD HUD GH RUGHP A FRVPROyJLFD SURSRQGR XPD H[SOLFDomR UDFLRQDO GR PXQGR IXQGDPHQWDGD QRV HOHPHQWRV GD QDWXUH]D B SROtWLFD GLVFXWLQGR DV IRUPDV GH RUJDQL]DomR GD SyOLV ao estabelecer as regras da democracia.

C pWLFD GHVHQYROYHQGR XPD ÂżORVRÂżD GRV YDORUHV YLUWXRVRV TXH WHP D IHOLFLGDGH FRPR R EHP PDLRU D estĂŠtica, procurando investigar a aparĂŞncia dos entes sensĂ­veis.

E KHUPHQrXWLFD FRQVWUXLQGR XPD H[SOLFDomR XQtYRFD da realidade.

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB17*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 42

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 44

$ *XHUUD )ULD IRL DFLPD GH WXGR XP SURGXWR GD KHWHURJHQHLGDGH QR VLVWHPD LQWHUQDFLRQDO Ê&#x160; SDUD UHSHWLU GD KHWHURJHQHLGDGH GD RUJDQL]DomR LQWHUQD H GD SUiWLFD LQWHUQDFLRQDO Ê&#x160; H VRPHQWH SRGHULD VHU HQFHUUDGD SHOD REWHQomR GH XPD QRYD KRPRJHQHLGDGH 2 UHVXOWDGR GLVWR IRL TXH enquanto os dois sistemas distintos existiram, o FRQÃ&#x20AC;LWR GD *XHUUD )ULD HVWDYD GHVWLQDGR D FRQWLQXDU D *XHUUD )ULD QmR SRGHULD WHUPLQDU FRP R FRPSURPLVVR RX a convergência, mas somente com a prevalência de um destes sistemas sobre o outro.

TEXTO I (QWUH RV DQRV H R FUHVFLPHQWR GD LPLJUDomR MXGDLFD SDUD D 3DOHVWLQD IRL H[SRQHQFLDO SDVVDQGR GH LPLJUDQWHV DQR HP SDUD PDLV GH HP (P YLQWH DQRV D SRSXODomR MXGDLFD havia passado de menos de 10% para mais de 30% da SRSXODomR ORFDO

sociedades homogêneas dos países socialistas em democracias liberais.

E HQIUHQWDPHQWR EpOLFR HQWUH FDSLWDOLVPR H VRFLDOLVPR SHOD KRPRJHQHL]DomR VRFLDO GH VXDV UHVSHFWLYDV iUHDV GH LQÃ&#x20AC;XrQFLD SROtWLFD

A B C D E

*$77$= $ A Guerra da Palestina 6mR 3DXOR 8VLQD GR /LYUR

TEXTO II 8P HVWDGR VHPL LQGHSHQGHQWH VRE FRQWUROH EULWkQLFR +$//,'$< ) Repensando as relações internacionais 3RUWR $OHJUH (G8)5*6 IRL D IyUPXOD TXH D *Um %UHWDQKD XVRX SDUD D DGPLQLVWUDomR $ FDUDFWHUL]DomR GD *XHUUD )ULD DSUHVHQWDGD SHOR WH[WR GDV iUHDV TXH WRPDUD GR LPSpULR WXUFR $ H[FHomR IRL D LPSOLFD LQWHUSUHWi OD FRPR XP D

Palestina, que eles administraram diretamente, tentando A HVIRUoR GH KRPRJHQHL]DomR GR VLVWHPD LQWHUQDFLRQDO HP YmR FRQFLOLDU SURPHVVDV IHLWDV DRV MXGHXV VLRQLVWDV HP WURFD GH DSRLR FRQWUD D $OHPDQKD H DRV iUDEHV HP QHJRFLDGR HQWUH (VWDGRV 8QLGRV H 8QLmR 6RYLpWLFD troca de apoio contra os turcos.

B guerra, visando o estabelecimento de um renovado HOBSBAWN, E. Era dos extremos 6mR 3DXOR &LD GDV /HWUDV sistema social, híbrido de socialismo e capitalismo.

C FRQÃ&#x20AC;LWR LQWHUVLVWrPLFR HP TXH SDtVHV FDSLWDOLVWDV 1RV WUHFKRV VmR WHPDWL]DGRV R GHVWLQR GH XP WHUULWyULR H VRFLDOLVWDV FRPSHWLULDP DWp R ¿P SHOR SRGHU GH QR SHUtRGR HQWUH DV GXDV *UDQGHV *XHUUDV 0XQGLDLV $ RULHQWDomR GD SROtWLFD EULWkQLFD UHODWLYD D HVVD UHJLmR LQÃ&#x20AC;XrQFLD HP HVFDOD PXQGLDO D FRPSURPLVVR FDSLWDOLVWD GH WUDQVIRUPDU DV HVWi LQGLFDGD QD FULDomR GH XP (VWDGR DOLDGR RFXSDomR GH iUHDV VDJUDGDV UHDomR DR PRYLPHQWR VRFLDOLVWD SURPRomR GR FRPpUFLR UHJLRQDO H[SORUDomR GH MD]LGDV SHWUROtIHUDV

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 43

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 45 A teoria da democracia participativa é construída em WRUQR GD D¿UPDomR FHQWUDO GH TXH RV LQGLYtGXRV H VXDV LQVWLWXLo}HV QmR SRGHP VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV LVRODGDPHQWH $ H[LVWrQFLD GH LQVWLWXLo}HV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV HP QtYHO QDFLRQDO QmR EDVWD SDUD D GHPRFUDFLD SRLV R Pi[LPR GH SDUWLFLSDomR GH WRGDV DV SHVVRDV D VRFLDOL]DomR RX ³WUHLQDPHQWR VRFLDO´ SUHFLVD RFRUUHU HP RXWUDV HVIHUDV GH PRGR TXH DV DWLWXGHV H DV TXDOLGDGHV SVLFROyJLFDV QHFHVViULDV SRVVDP VH GHVHQYROYHU (VVH 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ PDOYDGRV FRP EU $FHVVR HP GH] GHVHQYROYLPHQWR RFRUUH SRU PHLR GR SUySULR SURFHVVR GH $ WLULQKD FRPSDUD GRLV YHtFXORV GH FRPXQLFDomR SDUWLFLSDomR $ SULQFLSDO IXQomR GD SDUWLFLSDomR QD WHRULD DWULEXLQGR GHVWDTXH j GHPRFUiWLFD SDUWLFLSDWLYD p SRUWDQWR HGXFDWLYD A UHVLVWrQFLD GR FDPSR YLUWXDO j DGXOWHUDomR GH GDGRV 3$7(0$1 & Participação e teoria democrática 5LR GH -DQHLUR 3D] H 7HUUD B interatividade dos programas de entretenimento 1HVVD WHRULD D DVVRFLDomR HQWUH SDUWLFLSDomR H HGXFDomR abertos.

WHP FRPR IXQGDPHQWR D C FRQ¿DQoD GR WHOHVSHFWDGRU QDV QRWtFLDV YHLFXODGDV A DVFHQVmR GDV FDPDGDV SRSXODUHV D FUHGLELOLGDGH GDV IRQWHV QD HVIHUD FRPSXWDFLRQDO B RUJDQL]DomR GR VLVWHPD SDUWLGiULR E DXWRQRPLD GR LQWHUQDXWD QD EXVFD GH LQIRUPDo}HV C H¿FLrQFLD GD JHVWmR S~EOLFD D DPSOLDomR GD FLGDGDQLD DWLYD E legitimidade do processo legislativo.

&+ Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB18*

2016

CIÃ&#x160;NCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS Questões de 46 a 90 QUESTÃ&#x192;O 46 8P SHVTXLVDGRU SUHSDURX XP IUDJPHQWR GR FDXOH GH XPD Ã&#x20AC;RU GH PDUJDULGD SDUD TXH SXGHVVH VHU REVHUYDGR HP PLFURVFRSLD ySWLFD 7DPEpP SUHSDURX XP IUDJPHQWR GH SHOH GH UDWR FRP D PHVPD ¿QDOLGDGH ,QIHOL]PHQWH DSyV DOJXP GHVFXLGR DV DPRVWUDV IRUDP PLVWXUDGDV 4XH HVWUXWXUDV FHOXODUHV SHUPLWLULDP D VHSDUDomR GDV DPRVWUDV VH UHFRQKHFLGDV" A B C D E

Ribossomos e mitocôndrias, ausentes nas células animais.

Centríolos e lisossomos, organelas muito numerosas nas plantas.

(QYROWyULR QXFOHDU H QXFOpROR FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV GDV FpOXODV HXFDULyWLFDV /LVRVVRPRV H SHUR[LVVRPRV RUJDQHODV H[FOXVLYDV GH FpOXODV YHJHWDLV Parede celular e cloroplastos, estruturas características de células vegetais.

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 47 2 TXDGUR DSUHVHQWD DOJXQV H[HPSORV GH FRPEXVWtYHLV HPSUHJDGRV HP UHVLGrQFLDV LQG~VWULDV H PHLRV de transporte.

Combustível

Temperatura de fusão (°C)

Temperatura de ebulição (°C)

Butano

Etanol

0HWDQR

0HWDQRO

Octano

6mR FRPEXVWtYHLV OtTXLGRV j WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH GH Â&#x192;& A B C D E

Butano, etanol e metano.

Etanol, metanol e octano.

0HWDQR PHWDQRO H RFWDQR 0HWDQRO H PHWDQR Octano e butano.

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB19*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 48

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 50

Um navio petroleiro é capaz de transportar milhares de toneladas de carga. Neste caso, uma grande TXDQWLGDGH GH PDVVD FRQVHJXH Ã&#x20AC;XWXDU

(P XPD Ã&#x20AC;RUHVWD H[LVWLDP GXDV SRSXODo}HV KHUEtYRUDV TXH KDELWDYDP R PHVPR DPELHQWH $ SRSXODomR GD HVSpFLH ; PRVWUDYD XP JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH LQGLYtGXRV HQTXDQWR D SRSXODomR = HUD SHTXHQD $PEDV WLQKDP KiELWRV HFROyJLFRV VHPHOKDQWHV &RP D LQWHUYHQomR KXPDQD RFRUUHX IUDJPHQWDomR GD Ã&#x20AC;RUHVWD HP GXDV SRUo}HV R TXH VHSDURX DV SRSXODo}HV ; H = $SyV DOJXP WHPSR REVHUYRX VH TXH D SRSXODomR ; PDQWHYH VXD WD[D SRSXODFLRQDO HQTXDQWR D SRSXODomR = DXPHQWRX D VXD DWp TXH DPEDV SDVVDUDP D WHU DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH D mesma quantidade de indivíduos.

1HVWD VLWXDomR R HPSX[R p A B C D E

PDLRU TXH D IRUoD SHVR GR SHWUROHLUR LJXDO j IRUoD SHVR GR SHWUROHLUR PDLRU TXH D IRUoD SHVR GD iJXD GHVORFDGD LJXDO j IRUoD SHVR GR YROXPH VXEPHUVR GR QDYLR LJXDO j PDVVD GD iJXD GHVORFDGD

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 49

$ UHODomR HFROyJLFD HQWUH DV HVSpFLHV ; H = TXDQGR QR mesmo ambiente, é de:

%HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ SRU YROWD GH SHUFHEHX TXH GRLV EDUFRV TXH FRPSXQKDP D IURWD FRP D TXDO YLDMDYD SDUD /RQGUHV SHUPDQHFLDP HVWiYHLV HQTXDQWR RV RXWURV HUDP MRJDGRV SHOR YHQWR $R TXHVWLRQDU R SRUTXr GDTXHOH IHQ{PHQR IRL LQIRUPDGR SHOR FDSLWmR TXH SURYDYHOPHQWH RV FR]LQKHLURV KDYLDP DUUHPHVVDGR yOHR SHORV ODGRV GRV EDUFRV ,QTXLULQGR mais a respeito, soube que habitantes das ilhas do 3DFt¿FR MRJDYDP yOHR QD iJXD SDUD LPSHGLU TXH R YHQWR a agitasse e atrapalhasse a pesca.

A B C D E

3UHGDomR Parasitismo. &RPSHWLomR Comensalismo.

3URWRFRRSHUDomR

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 51 $GLFLRQDU TXDQWLGDGHV GH iOFRRO j JDVROLQD GLIHUHQWHV GDTXHODV GHWHUPLQDGDV SHOD OHJLVODomR p XPD GDV IRUPDV GH DGXOWHUi OD 8P WHVWH VLPSOHV SDUD DIHULU D TXDQWLGDGH GH iOFRRO SUHVHQWH QD PLVWXUD FRQVLVWH HP DGLFLRQDU XPD VROXomR VDOLQD DTXRVD j DPRVWUD GH JDVROLQD VRE DQiOLVH

(P )UDQNOLQ UHVROYHX WHVWDU R IHQ{PHQR MRJDQGR XPD FROKHU GH FKi P/ GH yOHR GH ROLYD HP XP ODJR RQGH SHTXHQDV RQGDV HUDP IRUPDGDV 0DLV FXULRVR TXH R HIHLWR GH DFDOPDU DV RQGDV IRL R IDWR GH TXH R yOHR KDYLD VH HVSDOKDGR FRPSOHWDPHQWH SHOR ODJR QXPD iUHD Essa metodRORJLD GH DQiOLVH SRGH VHU XVDGD SRUTXH R D

GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH P IRUPDQGR XP ¿OPH ¿QR A iJXD GD VROXomR VDOLQD LQWHUDJH FRP D JDVROLQD (PERUD QmR WHQKD VLGR D LQWHQomR RULJLQDO GH )UDQNOLQ GD PLVWXUD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH HVVH H[SHULPHQWR SHUPLWH XPD HVWLPDWLYD GD RUGHP GH iOFRRO SXUR grandeza do tamanho das moléculas. Para isso, basta B iOFRRO FRQWLGR QD JDVROLQD LQWHUDJH FRP D VROXomR VXSRU TXH R yOHR VH HVSDOKD DWp IRUPDU XPD FDPDGD FRP VDOLQD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH XPD ~QLFD PROpFXOD GH HVSHVVXUD gasolina pura.

5$026 & + , +LVWyULD CBME Informação Q MDQ DGDSWDGR

C JDVROLQD GD PLVWXUD VRE DQiOLVH LQWHUDJH FRP D 1DV FRQGLo}HV GR H[SHULPHQWR UHDOL]DGR SRU )UDQNOLQ DV VROXomR VDOLQD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH PROpFXODV GR yOHR DSUHVHQWDP XP WDPDQKR GD RUGHP GH iOFRRO SXUR 3 D iJXD GD VROXomR VDOLQD LQWHUDJH FRP R iOFRRO GD A 10 m.

PLVWXUD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH JDVROLQD

B 10 m. com o sal.

C 10 m.

E iOFRRO FRQWLGR QD JDVROLQD LQWHUDJH FRP R VDO GD D 10 9 m.

VROXomR VDOLQD IRUPDQGR GXDV IDVHV XPD GHODV GH E 10 11 m.

JDVROLQD PDLV iJXD

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB20*

2016

QUESTÃO 52 $ FUHVFHQWH SURGXomR LQGXVWULDO ODQoD DR DU GLYHUVDV VXEVWkQFLDV Wy[LFDV TXH SRGHP VHU UHPRYLGDV SHOD SDVVDJHP GR DU FRQWDPLQDGR HP WDQTXHV SDUD ¿OWUDomR SRU PDWHULDLV SRURVRV RX SDUD GLVVROXomR HP iJXD RX VROYHQWHV RUJkQLFRV GH EDL[D SRODULGDGH RX SDUD QHXWUDOL]DomR HP VROXo}HV iFLGDV RX EiVLFDV 8P GRV SROXHQWHV PDLV Wy[LFRV OLEHUDGRV QD DWPRVIHUD SHOD DWLYLGDGH LQGXVWULDO p D WHWUDFORURGLR[LQD

CI

O

CI

CI

O

CI

Esse poluente pode ser removido do ar pela passagem através de tanques contendo A B C D E

KH[DQR metanol. iJXD GHVWLODGD iFLGR FORUtGULFR DTXRVR KLGUy[LGR GH DP{QLR DTXRVR

QUESTÃO 53 8P EDI{PHWUR VLPSOHV FRQVLVWH HP XP WXER FRQWHQGR XPD PLVWXUD VyOLGD GH GLFURPDWR GH SRWiVVLR HP VtOLFD XPHGHFLGD FRP iFLGR VXOI~ULFR 1HVVH WHVWH D GHWHFomR GD HPEULDJXH] SRU FRQVXPR GH iOFRRO VH Gi YLVXDOPHQWH SRLV D UHDomR TXH RFRUUH p D R[LGDomR GR iOFRRO D DOGHtGR H D UHGXomR GR GLFURPDWR DODUDQMDGR D FURPR ,,, YHUGH

RX FURPR ,, D]XO

Sopro

Álcool

Solução ácida de dicromato de potássio

$ HTXDomR EDODQFHDGD GD UHDomR TXtPLFD TXH UHSUHVHQWD HVVH WHVWH p A Cr O DT + DT 3 CH3±&+ ±2+ J ĺ &U DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&22+ J

B Cr O DT + DT 3 CH3±&+ ±2+ J ĺ &U3 DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&+2 J

C CrO DT + DT 3 CH3±&+ ±2+ J ĺ &U3 DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&+2 J

D Cr O DT + DT 3 CH3±&+2 J ĺ &U3 DT + 2 O 3 CH3±&22+ J

E CrO DT + DT 3 CH3±&+2 J ĺ &U DT H 2 O 3 CH3±&22+ J

&1 GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB21*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 54

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 55

&OLPDWpULR p R QRPH GH XP HVWiJLR QR SURFHVVR GH DPDGXUHFLPHQWR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV IUXWRV FDUDFWHUL]DGR SHOR DXPHQWR GR QtYHO GD UHVSLUDomR FHOXODU H GR JiV HWLOHQR & H &RPR FRQVHTXrQFLD Ki R HVFXUHFLPHQWR GR IUXWR R TXH UHSUHVHQWD D SHUGD GH PXLWDV WRQHODGDV GH alimentos a cada ano.

8PD IDPtOLD DGTXLULX XP WHOHYLVRU H QR PDQXDO GR XVXiULR FRQVWDYDP DV HVSHFLILFDo}HV WpFQLFDV FRPR apresentado no quadro. Esse televisor permaneceu GLDV HP UHSRXVR stand-by &RQVLGHUH TXH D H¿FLrQFLD HQWUH D JHUDomR H D WUDQVPLVVmR GH HOHWULFLGDGH QD XVLQD é de 30%.

e SRVVtYHO SURORQJDU D YLGD GH XP IUXWR FOLPDWpULFR SHOD HOLPLQDomR GR HWLOHQR SURGX]LGR 1D LQG~VWULD XWLOL]D VH R SHUPDQJDQDWR GH SRWiVVLR .0Q2 ) para R[LGDU R HWLOHQR D HWLOHQRJOLFRO +2&+ CH OH), sendo o SURFHVVR UHSUHVHQWDGR GH IRUPD VLPSOL¿FDGD QD HTXDomR .0Q2 + 3 C H + 2 ĺ 0Q2 + 3 HOCH CH 2+ .2+

Tensão de entrada

AC 100-240 V 50/60Hz

Consumo de potência

:

Potência em repouso

1W

4XH TXDQWLGDGH GH HQHUJLD HP MRXOHV IRL SURGX]LGD QD usina para manter o televisor em stand-by?

O processo de amadurecimento começa quando a A 0FRQFHQWUDomR GH HWLOHQR QR DU HVWi HP FHUFD GH PJ B 0de C H por kg de ar.

C 0$V PDVVDV PRODUHV GRV HOHPHQWRV + & 2 . H 0Q VmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH LJXDLV D J PRO J PRO J PRO D 0E 0 J PRO H J PRO $ ¿P GH GLPLQXLU HVVDV SHUGDV VHP GHVSHUGtFLR GH QUESTÃ&#x192;O 56 UHDJHQWHV D PDVVD PtQLPD GH .0Q2 por kg de ar é mais 1D SUHSDUDomR GD PDVVD GR SmR SUHVHQWH QD PHVD SUy[LPD GH GR FDIp GD PDLRULD GRV EUDVLOHLURV XWLOL]D VH R IXQJR Saccharomyces cerevisiae YLYR FRQWLGR QR IHUPHQWR 6XD A PJ ¿QDOLGDGH p ID]HU FRP TXH D PDVVD FUHVoD SRU PHLR GD B 1,0 mg.

SURGXomR GH JiV FDUE{QLFR C PJ (VVH SURFHVVR TXtPLFR GH OLEHUDomR GH JiV p causado pela D PJ E PJ

A B C D E

JOLFRJrQHVH OiWLFD IHUPHQWDomR DOFRyOLFD SURGXomR GH iFLGR OiWLFR SURGXomR GH ODFWREDFLORV IRUPDomR GR iFLGR SLU~YLFR

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB22*

2016

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 57

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 59

2 FODGRJUDPD UHSUHVHQWD UHODo}HV ÂżORJHQpWLFDV HQWUH $WXDOPHQWH VROGDGRV HP FDPSR VHMD HP WUHLQDPHQWR RX HP FRPEDWH SRGHP DTXHFHU VXDV UHIHLo}HV SURQWDV os vertebrados.

H HPEDODGDV HP EROVDV SOiVWLFDV XWLOL]DQGR DTXHFHGRUHV TXtPLFRV VHP SUHFLVDU ID]HU IRJR 'HQWUR GHVVDV EROVDV AVES MAMĂ?FEROS H[LVWH PDJQpVLR PHWiOLFR HP Sy H TXDQGR R VROGDGR PEIXES ANFĂ?BIOS RĂ&#x2030;PTEIS TXHU DTXHFHU D FRPLGD HOH FRORFD iJXD GHQWUR GD EROVD V IV SURPRYHQGR D UHDomR GHVFULWD SHOD HTXDomR TXtPLFD 0J V + 2 O Äş 0J 2+ V + J NO aquecimento dentro da bolsa ocorre por causa da A UHGXomR VRIULGD SHOR R[LJrQLR TXH p XPD UHDomR III H[RWpUPLFD B R[LGDomR VRIULGD SHOR PDJQpVLR TXH p XPD UHDomR II H[RWpUPLFD I C UHGXomR VRIULGD SHOR PDJQpVLR TXH p XPD UHDomR endotĂŠrmica.

D R[LGDomR VRIULGD SHOR KLGURJrQLR TXH p XPD UHDomR A correspondência correta entre as indicaçþes numÊricas H[RWpUPLFD no cladograma e a característica evolutiva Ê: E UHGXomR VRIULGD SHOR KLGURJrQLR TXH p XPD UHDomR A , ¹ HQGRWHUPLD endotÊrmica.

B ,, Âą FROXQD YHUWHEUDO QUESTĂ&#x192;O 58 C ,,, Âą RYR DPQLyWLFR $ XWLOL]DomR GH SODFDV GH DTXHFLPHQWR VRODU FRPR D ,9 Âą UHVSLUDomR SXOPRQDU alternativa ao uso de energia elĂŠtrica representa um E 9 Âą PHPEURV ORFRPRWRUHV importante mecanismo de economia de recursos naturais.

Um sistema de aquecimento solar com capacidade de JHUDomR GH HQHUJLD GH 0- GLD SRU PHWUR TXDGUDGR GH SODFD IRL LQVWDODGR SDUD DTXHFHU D iJXD GH XP FKXYHLUR HOpWULFR GH SRWrQFLD GH N: XWLOL]DGR GXUDQWH PHLD KRUD por dia. $ iUHD PtQLPD GD SODFD VRODU GHYH VHU GH A B C D E

1,0 m .

P .

P .

P .

P .

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB23*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 60

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 62

Nem sempre é seguro colocar vírus inteiros numa YDFLQD $OJXQV VmR WmR SHULJRVRV TXH RV FLHQWLVWDV SUHIHUHP XVDU Vy XP GH VHXV JHQHV ± DTXHOH TXH IDEULFD o antígeno, proteína que é reconhecida pelas células GH GHIHVD 8PD GHVVDV YDFLQDV GH DOWD WHFQRORJLD p D anti-hepatite B. Um gene do vírus é emendado ao DNA GH XP IXQJR LQRIHQVLYR TXH SDVVD HQWmR D SURGX]LU XPD VXEVWkQFLD TXH p LQMHWDGD QR FRUSR KXPDQR

3DUD FRPSDUDU D H¿FLrQFLD GH GLIHUHQWHV FRPEXVWtYHLV costuma-se determinar a quantidade de calor liberada na FRPEXVWmR SRU PRO RX JUDPD GH FRPEXVWtYHO 2 TXDGUR PRVWUD R YDORU GH HQHUJLD OLEHUDGD QD FRPEXVWmR FRPSOHWD de alguns combustíveis.

Vírus: guerra silenciosa. Superinteressante Q DJR DGDSWDGR

$ IXQomR GHVVD VXEVWkQFLD SURGX]LGD SHOR IXQJR QR organismo humano é A B C D E

neutralizar proteínas virais.

LQWHUURPSHU D DomR GDV WR[LQDV OLJDU VH DR SDWyJHQR Mi LQVWDODGR UHFRQKHFHU VXEVWkQFLDV HVWUDQKDV GHVHQFDGHDU D SURGXomR GH DQWLFRUSRV

ǻ+C° a 25 °C (kJ/mol)

+LGURJrQLR + )

(WDQRO & H OH)

0HWDQR &+ )

0HWDQRO &+3OH)

2FWDQR & H )

$V PDVVDV PRODUHV GRV HOHPHQWRV + & H 2 VmR LJXDLV D J PRO J PRO H J PRO UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH ATKINS, P. Princípios de química 3RUWR $OHJUH %RRNPDQ DGDSWDGR

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 61 3DUD UHFLFODU XP PRWRU GH SRWrQFLD HOpWULFD LJXDO D : XP HVWXGDQWH FRQVWUXLX XP HOHYDGRU H YHUL¿FRX TXH HOH IRL FDSD] GH HUJXHU XPD PDVVD GH NJ D XPD DOWXUD GH PHWURV GXUDQWH PLQXWR &RQVLGHUH D DFHOHUDomR GD JUDYLGDGH P V .

Combustível

4XDO FRPEXVWtYHO DSUHVHQWD PDLRU OLEHUDomR GH HQHUJLD por grama?

A Hidrogênio.

B Etanol.

C 0HWDQR 4XDO D H¿FLrQFLD DSUR[LPDGD GR VLVWHPD SDUD UHDOL]DU D 0HWDQRO WDO WDUHID" E Octano.

A 10% QUESTÃ&#x192;O 63 B A Caatinga é um ecossistema que se encontra nos C lados equatoriais dos desertos quentes, com índices D SOXYLRPpWULFRV PXLWR EDL[RV &KRYH SRXFR QR LQYHUQR E 100% H DV FKXYDV TXDQGR RFRUUHP DFRQWHFHP QR YHUmR $SUHVHQWD SODQWDV VHPHOKDQWHV jV GDV UHJL}HV GH GHVHUWR TXHQWH GR WLSR [HUy¿WDV FRPR DV FDFWiFHDV FRP DGDSWDo}HV jV FRQGLo}HV GH HVFDVVH] GH iJXD SADAVA, D. et al. Vida D FLrQFLD GD ELRORJLD 3RUWR $OHJUH $UWPHG DGDSWDGR

Uma característica que permite a sobrevivência dessas SODQWDV QD FRQGLomR GD HVFDVVH] FLWDGD p D SUHVHQoD GH

A B C D E

FDXOH VXEWHUUkQHR VLVWHPD UDGLFXODU IDVFLFXODGR IROKDV PRGL¿FDGDV HP HVSLQKRV SDUrQTXLPD DPLOtIHUR GHVHQYROYLGR OLPER IROLDU GHVSURYLGR GH HVW{PDWRV

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB24*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 64 $ iJXD FRQVXPLGD QD PDLRULD GDV FLGDGHV EUDVLOHLUDV p REWLGD SHOR WUDWDPHQWR GD iJXD GH PDQDQFLDLV $ SDUWH LQLFLDO GR WUDWDPHQWR FRQVLVWH QR SHQHLUDPHQWR H VHGLPHQWDomR GH SDUWtFXODV PDLRUHV 1D HWDSD VHJXLQWH GLVVROYHP VH QD iJXD FDUERQDWR GH VyGLR H HP VHJXLGD VXOIDWR GH DOXPtQLR 2 UHVXOWDGR p D SUHFLSLWDomR GH KLGUy[LGR GH DOXPtQLR TXH p SRXFR VRO~YHO HP iJXD R TXDO OHYD FRQVLJR DV SDUWtFXODV SROXHQWHV PHQRUHV 3RVWHULRUPHQWH D iJXD SDVVD SRU XP SURFHVVR GH GHVLQIHFomR H ¿QDOPHQWH p GLVSRQLELOL]DGD SDUD R FRQVXPR 1R SURFHVVR GHVFULWR D SUHFLSLWDomR GH KLGUy[LGR GH DOXPtQLR p YLDELOL]DGD SRUTXH A B C D E

D GLVVROXomR GR DOXPtQLR UHVIULD D VROXomR R H[FHVVR GH VyGLR LPSRVVLELOLWD VXD VROXELOL]DomR D R[LGDomR SURYRFDGD SHOR VXOIDWR SURGX] KLGUR[LODV DV SDUWtFXODV FRQWDPLQDQWHV PHQRUHV DWUDHP HVVD VXEVWkQFLD R HTXLOtEULR TXtPLFR GR FDUERQDWR HP iJXD WRUQD R PHLR DOFDOLQR

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 65

Almanaque do Biotônico 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ PLQLZHE FRP EU $FHVVR HP DEU DGDSWDGR

2 UyWXOR GR SURGXWR GHVFUHYH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH XPD GRHQoD TXH SRGH VHU SUHYHQLGD FRP R D

A B C D E

uso de calçados.

DSOLFDomR GH LQVHWLFLGD XWLOL]DomR GH PRVTXLWHLURV HOLPLQDomR GH iJXD SDUDGD VXEVWLWXLomR GH FDVDV GH EDUUR SRU GH DOYHQDULD

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 66

*BR0975SAB25*

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 69

A corrida dos 100 m rasos é uma das principais SURYDV GR DWOHWLVPR H TXDOL¿FD R KRPHP PDLV UiSLGR GR PXQGR 8P FRUUHGRU GH HOLWH IRL FDSD] GH SHUFRUUHU HVVD GLVWkQFLD HP V FRP SDVVDGDV (OH LQLFLRX D FRUULGD com o pé direito.

Todo ano, cresce a demanda mundial de energia com o aumento das populações e do consumo. Ã&#x2030; cada YH] PDLV QHFHVViULR EXVFDU IRQWHV DOWHUQDWLYDV TXH QmR degradem os recursos do planeta nem comprometam D VREUHYLYrQFLD GDV HVSpFLHV $LQGD Ki PXLWR R TXH VH 2 SHUtRGR GH RVFLODomR GR Sp GLUHLWR GHVVH FRUUHGRU IRL GHVFREULU VREUH R XVR H¿FLHQWH GH UHFXUVRV HQHUJpWLFRV SURYHQLHQWHV GH IRQWHV UHQRYiYHLV PDV HODV HVWmR PDLV PDLV SUy[LPR GH SUy[LPDV GR TXH SDUHFH GD DGRomR HP ODUJD HVFDOD A V %$5%26$ 0 $ VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH GD HQHUJLD UHQRYiYHO Superinteressante Q B V 2V UHFXUVRV HQHUJpWLFRV GR WLSR FLWDGR VmR SURYHQLHQWHV GH C V A pilhas e baterias.

D V B usinas nucleares e hidrelétricas.

E V C FpOXODV VRODUHV H JHUDGRUHV HyOLFRV QUESTÃ&#x192;O 67 D centrais geotérmicas e termoelétricas. $SyV D JHUPLQDomR QRUPDOPHQWH RV WRPDWHV E XVLQDV PDUHPRWUL]HV H FRPEXVWtYHLV IyVVHLV SURGX]HP XPD SURWHtQD TXH RV ID] DPROHFHU GHSRLV GH colhidos. Os cientistas introduziram, em um tomateiro, QUESTÃ&#x192;O 70 XP JHQH DQWLVVHQWLGR LPDJHP HVSHOKR GR JHQH QDWXUDO

$ WHOHIRQLD PyYHO QR %UDVLO RSHUD FRP FHOXODUHV jTXHOH TXH FRGL¿FD D HQ]LPD ³DPROHFHGRUD´ 2 QRYR JHQH FXMD SRWrQFLD PpGLD GH UDGLDomR p FHUFD GH : 3RU antissentido bloqueou a síntese da proteína amolecedora.

UHFRPHQGDomR GR $16, ,((( IRUDP HVWLSXODGRV OLPLWHV 6,=(5 ) :+,71(< ( Nutrição FRQFHLWRV H FRQWURYpUVLDV %DUXHUL 0DQROH DGDSWDGR

SDUD H[SRVLomR KXPDQD j UDGLDomR HPLWLGD SRU HVVHV 8P EHQHItFLR DR VH REWHU R WRPDWH WUDQVJrQLFR IRL R IDWR DSDUHOKRV 3DUD R DWHQGLPHQWR GHVVD UHFRPHQGDomR valem os conselhos: segurar o aparelho a uma pequena GH R SURFHVVR ELRWHFQROyJLFR WHU GLVWkQFLD GR RXYLGR XVDU IRQHV GH RXYLGR SDUD DV A DXPHQWDGR D FROHomR GH SURWHtQDV TXH R SURWHJHP chamadas de voz e utilizar o aparelho no modo viva voz GR DSRGUHFLPHQWR SHOD SURGXomR GD SURWHtQD ou com dispositivos bluetooth. Essas medidas baseiam-se antissentido.

QR IDWR GH TXH D LQWHQVLGDGH GD UDGLDomR HPLWLGD GHFDL B diminuído a necessidade do controle das pragas, pela UDSLGDPHQWH FRQIRUPH D GLVWkQFLD DXPHQWD SRU LVVR PDLRU UHVLVWrQFLD FRQIHULGD SHOD QRYD SURWHtQD DIDVWDU R DSDUHOKR UHGX] ULVFRV C IDFLOLWDGR D JHUPLQDomR GDV VHPHQWHV SHOD IDOWD GD COSTA, E. A. F. Efeitos na saúde humana da exposição aos campos de radiofrequência.

'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ FHG XIVF EU $FHVVR HP QRY DGDSWDGR

proteína que o leva a amolecer.

D substituído a proteína amolecedora por uma invertida, 3DUD UHGX]LU D H[SRVLomR j UDGLDomR GR FHOXODU GH IRUPD que endurece o tomate.

PDLV H¿FLHQWH R XVXiULR GHYH XWOL]DU E SURORQJDGR R WHPSR GH YLGD GR WRPDWH SHOD IDOWD GD A IRQHV GH RXYLGR FRP R DSDUHOKR QD PmR proteína que o amolece.

B IRQHV GH RXYLGR FRP R DSDUHOKR QR EROVR GD FDOoD QUESTÃ&#x192;O 68 C IRQHV bluetooth, com o aparelho no bolso da camisa.

(P PtGLDV ySWLFDV FRPR &'V '9'V H blue-rays, a D R DSDUHOKR PDQWLGR D FP GR RXYLGR VHJXUDGR SHOD PmR LQIRUPDomR p UHSUHVHQWDGD QD IRUPD GH bits ]HURV H XQV

H p ¿VLFDPHQWH JUDYDGD H OLGD SRU IHL[HV GH OX] laser. E o sistema viva voz, com o aparelho apoiado numa 3DUD JUDYDU XP YDORU ³]HUR´ R laser brilha intensamente, mesa de trabalho.

GH PRGR D ³TXHLPDU´ WRUQDU RSDFD XPD SHTXHQD iUHD GR GLVFR GH WDPDQKR FRPSDUiYHO D VHX FRPSULPHQWR GH onda. Ao longo dos anos, as empresas de tecnologia vêm conseguindo aumentar a capacidade de armazenamento GH GDGRV HP FDGD GLVFR HP RXWUDV SDODYUDV D iUHD usada para se representar um bit vem se tornando cada vez mais reduzida.

4XDO DOWHUDomR GD RQGD HOHWURPDJQpWLFD TXH FRQVWLWXL R laser SHUPLWH R DYDQoR WHFQROyJLFR FLWDGR QR WH[WR" A B C D E

$ GLPLQXLomR GH VXD HQHUJLD 2 DXPHQWR GH VXD IUHTXrQFLD $ GLPLQXLomR GH VXD DPSOLWXGH O aumento de sua intensidade. $ GLPLQXLomR GH VXD YHORFLGDGH &1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB26*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 71 $ EXVFD SRU VXEVWkQFLDV FDSD]HV GH PLQLPL]DU D DomR GR LQVHWR TXH DWDFD DV SODQWDo}HV GH WRPDWH QR %UDVLO OHYRX j VtQWHVH H DR HPSUHJR GH XP IHURP{QLR VH[XDO FRP D VHJXLQWH IyUPXOD HVWUXWXUDO

OCOCH3 8PD LQG~VWULD DJURTXtPLFD QHFHVVLWD VLQWHWL]DU XP GHULYDGR FRP PDLRU H¿FiFLD 3DUD WDQWR R SRWHQFLDO VXEVWLWXWR GHYHUi SUHVHUYDU DV VHJXLQWHV SURSULHGDGHV HVWUXWXUDLV GR IHURP{QLR VH[XDO IXQomR RUJkQLFD FDGHLD QRUPDO H D isomeria geométrica original. $ IyUPXOD HVWUXWXUDO GR VXEVWLWXWR DGHTXDGR DR IHURP{QLR VH[XDO REWLGR LQGXVWULDOPHQWH p COCH3

A

B

OCOCH3

C

OCOCH3

O

D

COCH3

OCOCH3

E

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 72

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS DQJHOREUDQFR EORJVSRW FRP EU $FHVVR HP PDLR

1D WLULQKD R SURFHVVR PHQFLRQDGR SHOR PROXVFR HVWi UHODFLRQDGR D XP PHFDQLVPR GH A B C D E

GHIHVD H[FUHomR FLUFXODomR ORFRPRomR UHSURGXomR

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB27*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 73 2V UDLRV ; XWLOL]DGRV SDUD GLDJQyVWLFRV PpGLFRV VmR XPD UDGLDomR LRQL]DQWH 2 HIHLWR GDV UDGLDo}HV LRQL]DQWHV HP XP LQGLYtGXR GHSHQGH EDVLFDPHQWH GD GRVH DEVRUYLGD GR WHPSR GH H[SRVLomR H GD IRUPD GD H[SRVLomR FRQIRUPH relacionados no quadro.

Efeitos de uma radioexposição aguda em adulto Forma

Dose absorvida

Sintomatologia

,QIUDFOtQLFD

0HQRU TXH - NJ

Ausência de sintomas

Reações gerais leves

GH D - NJ

$VWHQLD QiXVHDV H Y{PLWR GH K D K DSyV D H[SRVLomR

'/

GH D - NJ

0RUWH GH GRV LQGLYtGXRV LUUDGLDGRV

Pulmonar

GH D - NJ

,QVX¿FLrQFLD UHVSLUDWyULD DJXGD FRPD H PRUWH GH K D K

Cerebral

0DLRU TXH - NJ

0RUWH HP SRXFDV KRUDV 'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ FQHQ JRY EU $FHVVR HP VHW DGDSWDGR

3DUD XP WpFQLFR UDGLRORJLVWD GH NJ TXH ¿FRX H[SRVWR SRU GHVFXLGR GXUDQWH KRUDV D XPD IRQWH GH UDLRV ; FXMD SRWrQFLD p GH P- V D IRUPD GR VLQWRPD DSUHVHQWDGR FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH WRGD UDGLDomR LQFLGHQWH IRL DEVRUYLGD p A B C D E

'/ . cerebral. pulmonar.

LQIUDFOtQLFD reações gerais leves.

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 74 $V iJXDV GRV RFHDQRV DSUHVHQWDP XPD DOWD FRQFHQWUDomR GH tRQV H S+ HQWUH H 'HQWUH HVVHV tRQV HVWmR HP HTXLOtEULR DV HVSpFLHV FDUERQDWR &23 í H ELFDUERQDWR +&23í UHSUHVHQWDGR SHOD HTXDomR TXtPLFD HCO3 DT

CO3 DT H DT

$V iJXDV GRV ULRV DR FRQWUiULR DSUHVHQWDP FRQFHQWUDo}HV PXLWR EDL[DV GH tRQV H VXEVWkQFLDV EiVLFDV FRP XP S+ HP WRUQR GH $ DOWHUDomR VLJQL¿FDWLYD GR S+ GDV iJXDV GRV ULRV H RFHDQRV SRGH PXGDU VXDV FRPSRVLo}HV TXtPLFDV SRU SUHFLSLWDomR GH HVSpFLHV GLVVROYLGDV RX UHGLVVROXomR GH HVSpFLHV SUHVHQWHV QRV VyOLGRV VXVSHQVRV RX nos sedimentos. $ FRPSRVLomR GRV RFHDQRV p PHQRV DIHWDGD SHOR ODQoDPHQWR GH HÃ&#x20AC;XHQWHV iFLGRV SRLV RV RFHDQRV A B C D E

FRQWrP JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH FORUHWR GH VyGLR FRQWrP XP YROXPH GH iJXD SXUD PHQRU TXH R GRV ULRV SRVVXHP S+ iFLGR QmR VHQGR DIHWDGRV SHOD DGLomR GH RXWURV iFLGRV WrP D IRUPDomR GRV tRQV FDUERQDWR IDYRUHFLGD SHOD DGLomR GH iFLGR DSUHVHQWDP XP HTXLOtEULR HQWUH RV tRQV FDUERQDWR H ELFDUERQDWR TXH DWXDP FRPR VLVWHPD WDPSmR

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB28*

2016

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 75

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 77

$ ÂżJXUD DSUHVHQWD GLIHUHQWHV IDVHV GR FLFOR GH XPD Nos ambientes tropicais, os modelos convencionais GH SURGXomR DJUtFROD WrP JHUDGR GHJUDGDomR GRV FpOXOD VRPiWLFD FXOWLYDGD H IRWRJUDIDGD HP PLFURVFySLR UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV H XP PDQHMR FDGD YH] PDLV FDUR FRQIRFDO GH YDUUHGXUD D laser. As partes mais claras H WUDEDOKRVR 3HOD OHJLVODomR EUDVLOHLUD RV VLVWHPDV evidenciam o DNA. DJURĂ&#x20AC;RUHVWDLV 6$)V VmR VLVWHPDV GH XVR H RFXSDomR GR VROR HP TXH SODQWDV OHQKRVDV SHUHQHV VmR PDQHMDGDV HP DVVRFLDomR FRP SODQWDV KHUEiFHDV DUEXVWLYDV DUEyUHDV FXOWXUDV DJUtFRODV H IRUUDJHLUDV HP XPD PHVPD XQLGDGH GH PDQHMR GH DFRUGR FRP DUUDQMR HVSDFLDO H WHPSRUDO com alta diversidade de espĂŠcies e interaçþes entre esses componentes.

'LVSRQtYHO HP ZZZ DPELHQWHGXUDQ HQJ EU $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR

2V 6$)V VmR DWXDOPHQWH PXLWR DGRWDGRV FRPR HVWUDWpJLD GH PDQHMR DPELHQWDO QR %UDVLO SRUTXH A JDUDQWHP D SURGXomR GH SODQWDV H[yWLFDV B SRVVLELOLWDP D PDQXWHQomR GH PRQRFXOWXUD WtSLFD C DXPHQWDP D SURGXomR FRP FXOWXUDV WUDQVJrQLFDV D SHUPLWHP D XWLOL]DomR GR VROR FRP FXOWXUDV GLYHUVDV E IDYRUHFHP D DGDSWDomR GH SODQWDV OHQKRVDV madeireiras.

-8148(,5$ / & &$51(,52 - Histologia bĂĄsica. Rio de Janeiro: *XDQDEDUD .RRJDQ DGDSWDGR

1D IDVH UHSUHVHQWDGD HP ' REVHUYD VH TXH RV cromossomos encontram-se em

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 76 CombustĂ­veis automotivos tĂŞm sido adulterados SHOD DGLomR GH VXEVWkQFLDV RX PDWHULDLV GH EDL[R YDORU FRPHUFLDO (VVH WLSR GH FRQWUDYHQomR SRGH GDQLÂżFDU RV PRWRUHV DXPHQWDU R FRQVXPR GH FRPEXVWtYHO H SUHMXGLFDU R PHLR DPELHQWH 9iULRV WHVWHV ODERUDWRULDLV SRGHP VHU XWLOL]DGRV SDUD LGHQWLÂżFDU VH XP FRPEXVWtYHO HVWi RX QmR DGXOWHUDGR $ OHJLVODomR EUDVLOHLUD HVWDEHOHFH TXH R GLHVHO REWLGR GR SHWUyOHR FRQWHQKD FHUWD TXDQWLGDGH de biodiesel. O quadro apresenta valores de quatro SURSULHGDGHV GR GLHVHO GR ELRGLHVHO H GR yOHR YHJHWDO um material comumente utilizado como adulterante.

Propriedade

Diesel

Biodiesel

Ă&#x201C;leo vegetal

'HQVLGDGH J FPĂą

3RGHU FDORUtÂżFR 0- /

33,3

9LVFRVLGDGH PPĂ° V

3,9

7HRU GH HQ[RIUH

1,3

< 0,001

< 0,001

A B C D E

PLJUDomR GXSOLFDomR FRQGHQVDomR UHFRPELQDomR UHHVWUXWXUDomR

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 78 (P GH GH]HPEUR GH XP tsunami devastador, originado a partir de um terremoto na costa da IndonĂŠsia, atingiu diversos paĂ­ses da Ă sia, matando quase 300 mil SHVVRDV 2 JUDX GH GHYDVWDomR GHYHX VH HP ERD SDUWH DR IDWR GH DV RQGDV GH XP tsunami VHUHP H[WUHPDPHQWH ORQJDV FRP FRPSULPHQWR GH RQGD GH FHUFD GH NP ,VWR p PXLWR PDLRU TXH D HVSHVVXUD GD OkPLQD GH OtTXLGR d, WtSLFD GR 2FHDQR Ă&#x2039;QGLFR TXH p GH FHUFD GH NP 1HVVDV FRQGLo}HV FRP ERD DSUR[LPDomR D VXD YHORFLGDGH GH SURSDJDomR WRUQD VH GHSHQGHQWH GH d REHGHFHQGR j UHODomR v = ÂĽgd 1HVVD H[SUHVVmR g p D DFHOHUDomR GD JUDYLGDGH TXH SRGH VHU WRPDGD FRPR P V .

6,/9(,5$ ) / 9$55,$/( 0 & 3URSDJDomR GDV RQGDV PDUtWLPDV H GRV tsunami.

&RP EDVH QDV LQIRUPDo}HV DSUHVHQWDGDV QR TXDGUR TXDLV Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de FĂ­sica Q DGDSWDGR

VmR DV GXDV SURSULHGDGHV TXH SRGHP VHU HPSUHJDGDV Sabendo-se que o tsunami consiste em uma sĂŠrie de WHFQLFDPHQWH SDUD YHULÂżFDU VH XPD DPRVWUD GH GLHVHO RQGDV VXFHVVLYDV TXDO p R YDORU PDLV SUy[LPR GR LQWHUYDOR FRPHUFLDO HVWi RX QmR DGXOWHUDGD FRP yOHR YHJHWDO" de tempo entre duas ondas consecutivas?

A Densidade e viscosidade.

A 1 min B 7HRU GH HQ[RIUH H GHQVLGDGH

C 9LVFRVLGDGH H WHRU GH HQ[RIUH D 9LVFRVLGDGH H SRGHU FDORUtÂżFR E 3RGHU FDORUtÂżFR H WHRU GH HQ[RIUH &1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

B C D E

PLQ PLQ PLQ PLQ

*BR0975SAB29*

2016

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 79

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 81

'XUDQWH D IRUPDomR GH XPD WHPSHVWDGH VmR REVHUYDGDV YiULDV GHVFDUJDV HOpWULFDV RV UDLRV TXH SRGHP RFRUUHU GDV QXYHQV SDUD R VROR GHVFDUJD GHVFHQGHQWH GR VROR SDUD DV QXYHQV GHVFDUJD ascendente) ou entre uma nuvem e outra. As descargas ascendentes e descendentes podem ocorrer por causa GR DF~PXOR GH FDUJDV HOpWULFDV SRVLWLYDV RX QHJDWLYDV TXH LQGX] XPD SRODUL]DomR RSRVWD QR VROR

2 SURFHVVR GH GHVVXOIXUL]DomR p XPD GDV HWDSDV XWLOL]DGDV QD SURGXomR GR GLHVHO (VVH SURFHVVR FRQVLVWH QD R[LGDomR GR HQ[RIUH SUHVHQWH QD IRUPD GH VXOIHWR GH KLGURJrQLR + 6 D HQ[RIUH HOHPHQWDU VyOLGR TXH p SRVWHULRUPHQWH UHPRYLGR 8P PpWRGR SDUD HVVD H[WUDomR quĂ­mica ĂŠ o processo Claus, no qual parte do H S ĂŠ R[LGDGD D GLy[LGR GH HQ[RIUH 62 H HQWmR HVVH JiV p XVDGR SDUD R[LGDU R UHVWDQWH GR + S. Os compostos de HQ[RIUH UHPDQHVFHQWHV H DV GHPDLV PROpFXODV SUHVHQWHV QR GLHVHO VRIUHUmR FRPEXVWmR QR PRWRU

Essas descargas elĂŠtricas ocorrem devido ao aumento da LQWHQVLGDGH GR D

A B C D

campo magnĂŠtico da Terra. corrente elĂŠtrica gerada dentro das nuvens. resistividade elĂŠtrica do ar entre as nuvens e o solo.

FDPSR HOpWULFR HQWUH DV QXYHQV H D VXSHUItFLH da Terra.

E IRUoD HOHWURPRWUL] LQGX]LGD QDV FDUJDV DFXPXODGDV no solo.

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 80 2V LQGLYtGXRV GH XPD SRSXODomR GH XPD SHTXHQD FLGDGH IXQGDGD SRU XPD IDPtOLD GH HXURSHXV VmR IUHTXHQWHPHQWH IUXWRV GH FDVDPHQWRV FRQVDQJXtQHRV *UDQGH SDUWH GRV JUXSRV IDPLOLDUHV GHVVD ORFDOLGDGH apresenta membros acometidos por uma doença rara, LGHQWLÂżFDGD SRU IUDTXH]D PXVFXODU SURJUHVVLYD FRP LQtFLR DRV DQRV GH LGDGH (P IDPtOLDV FRP SUHVHQoD GHVVD GRHQoD TXDQGR RV SDLV VmR VDXGiYHLV VRPHQWH RV ÂżOKRV GR VH[R PDVFXOLQR SRGHP VHU DIHWDGRV 0DV HP IDPtOLDV FXMR SDL p DFRPHWLGR SHOD GRHQoD H D PmH p SRUWDGRUD GR JHQH GD GHVFHQGrQFLD LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GR VH[R p DIHWDGD

0$548(6 ),/+2 - Estudo da fase tĂŠrmica do processo Claus utilizando Ă&#x20AC;XLGRGLQkPLFD FRPSXWDFLRQDO 6mR 3DXOR 863 DGDSWDGR

2 EHQHItFLR GR SURFHVVR &ODXV p TXH QD FRPEXVWmR GR GLHVHO p PLQLPL]DGD D HPLVVmR GH JDVHV A IRUPDGRUHV GH KLGURFDUERQHWRV B SURGXWRUHV GH y[LGRV GH QLWURJrQLR C HPLVVRUHV GH PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR D SURPRWRUHV GD DFLGLÂżFDomR GD FKXYD E GHWHUPLQDQWHV SDUD R DXPHQWR GR HIHLWR HVWXID

QUESTĂ&#x192;O 82

2 FKRTXH HOpWULFR p XPD VHQVDomR SURYRFDGD pela passagem de corrente elĂŠtrica pelo corpo. $V FRQVHTXrQFLDV GH XP FKRTXH YmR GHVGH XP VLPSOHV VXVWR DWp D PRUWH $ FLUFXODomR GDV FDUJDV HOpWULFDV depende da resistĂŞncia do material. Para o corpo humano, HVVD UHVLVWrQFLD YDULD GH Č? TXDQGR D SHOH HVWi PROKDGD DWp Č? TXDQGR D SHOH HVWi VHFD 8PD SHVVRD GHVFDOoD ODYDQGR VXD FDVD FRP iJXD PROKRX RV SpV H DFLGHQWDOPHQWH SLVRX HP XP ÂżR GHVHQFDSDGR &RQVLGHUDQGR DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SRSXODFLRQDLV R VH[R VRIUHQGR XPD GHVFDUJD HOpWULFD HP XPD WHQVmR GH 9 H D SURSRUomR GRV LQGLYtGXRV DIHWDGRV TXDO p R WLSR GH 4XDO D LQWHQVLGDGH Pi[LPD GH FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD TXH KHUDQoD GD GRHQoD GHVFULWD QR WH[WR" passou pelo corpo da pessoa?

A B C D E

Recessiva, ligada ao cromossomo X. Dominante, ligada ao cromossomo X. Recessiva, ligada ao cromossomo Y. Recessiva autossĂ´mica.

Dominante autossĂ´mica.

A P$ B P$ C $ D $ E N$

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB30*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 83

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 84

(P XP ODERUDWyULR VmR DSUHVHQWDGRV DRV DOXQRV XPD $V HPLVV}HV GH GLy[LGR GH FDUERQR &2 ) por OkPSDGD FRP HVSHFLILFDo}HV WpFQLFDV GH 9 H : YHtFXORV VmR GHSHQGHQWHV GD FRQVWLWXLomR GH FDGD WLSR H XP FRQMXQWR GH SLOKDV GH 9 FDGD de combustível. Sabe-se que é possível determinar a 4XDO DVVRFLDomR GH JHUDGRUHV ID] FRP TXH D OkPSDGD quantidade emitida de CO , a partir das massas molares GR FDUERQR H GR R[LJrQLR LJXDLV D J PRO H J PRO produza maior brilho?

UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH (P XPD YLDJHP GH IpULDV XP LQGLYtGXR SHUFRUUHX NP HP XP YHtFXOR TXH FRQVRPH XP OLWUR GH JDVROLQD D FDGD NP GH SHUFXUVR

A

&RQVLGHUDQGR TXH R FRQWH~GR GH FDUERQR HP XP OLWUR GHVVD JDVROLQD p LJXDO D NJ D PDVVD GH &2 emitida SHOR YHtFXOR QR DPELHQWH GXUDQWH D YLDJHP GH IpULDV descrita, é igual a A NJ B 33 kg.

C NJ D NJ

B

E NJ

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 85 3DUD YHUL¿FDU D H¿FiFLD GR WHVWH GH '1$ QD GHWHUPLQDomR GH SDWHUQLGDGH FLQFR YROXQWiULRV GHQWUH HOHV R SDL ELROyJLFR GH XP JDURWR FHGHUDP DPRVWUDV ELROyJLFDV SDUD D UHDOL]DomR GHVVH WHVWH $ ¿JXUD PRVWUD R UHVXOWDGR REWLGR DSyV D LGHQWL¿FDomR GRV IUDJPHQWRV GH DNA de cada um deles.

C

Garoto

Mãe

1º

2º

3º

4º

5º

D

2/,9(,5$ ) % 6,/9(,5$ 5 0 9 2 WHVWH GH '1$ QD VDOD GH DXOD p SRVVtYHO HQVLQDU biologia a partir de temas atuais. Revista Genética na Escola DEU

E

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

$SyV D DQiOLVH GDV EDQGDV GH '1$ SRGH VH FRQFOXLU TXH R SDL ELROyJLFR GR JDURWR p R A B C D E

Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR Â&#x192; YROXQWiULR

*BR0975SAB31*

2016

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 86

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 88

Para o consumidor, é praticamente impossível LGHQWL¿FDU D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH D VDFROD ELRGHJUDGiYHO H D FRPXP IHLWD GH SROLHWLOHQR ± GHULYDGR GR SHWUyOHR $OJXQV JRYHUQRV PXQLFLSDLV Mi H[LJHP TXH RV VXSHUPHUFDGRV RIHUHoDP VDFRODV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV HP VXEVWLWXLomR jV sacolas comuns.

2 GHVFDUWH GR yOHR GH FR]LQKD QD UHGH GH HVJRWRV gera diversos problemas ambientais. Pode-se destacar a FRQWDPLQDomR GRV FXUVRV G¶iJXD TXH WHP FRPR XPD GDV FRQVHTXrQFLDV D IRUPDomR GH XPD SHOtFXOD GH yOHR QD VXSHUItFLH FDXVDQGR GDQRV j IDXQD DTXiWLFD SRU GL¿FXOWDU DV WURFDV JDVRVDV DOpP GH GLPLQXLU D SHQHWUDomR GRV raios solares no curso hídrico.

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS HSRFDQHJRFLRV JORER FRP $FHVVR HP DJR

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWS UHYLVWDJDOLOHX JORER FRP $FHVVR HP DJR DGDSWDGR

$ DWLWXGH WRPDGD SHORV JRYHUQRV PXQLFLSDLV GHYH VH DR j

A PDLRU UHVLVWrQFLD TXH RV PDWHULDLV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV DSUHVHQWDP HP UHODomR DRV FRPXQV B HVFDVVH] GDV PDWpULDV SULPDV GHULYDGDV GR SHWUyOHR SDUD SURGXomR GDV VDFRODV FRPXQV C custo consideravelmente menor das sacolas ELRGHJUDGiYHLV HP UHODomR DR GDV VDFRODV FRPXQV D PDLRU FDSDFLGDGH GH SURGXomR GDV VDFRODV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV Mi TXH DV IRQWHV SRGHP VHU UHQRYiYHLV E UiSLGD GHFRPSRVLomR GDV VDFRODV ELRGHJUDGiYHLV SHOD DomR GH EDFWpULDV HP FRPSDUDomR jV VDFRODV comuns.

4XDO GDV SURSULHGDGHV GRV yOHRV YHJHWDLV HVWi relacionada aos problemas ambientais citados?

A B C D E

$OWD PLVFLELOLGDGH HP iJXD $OWD UHDWLYLGDGH FRP D iJXD %DL[D GHQVLGDGH HP UHODomR j iJXD %DL[D YLVFRVLGDGH HP UHODomR j iJXD $OWR SRQWR GH HEXOLomR HP UHODomR j iJXD

QUESTÃ&#x192;O 89

Um produtor rural registrou queda de produtividade QXPD GDV iUHDV GH SODQWLR GH DUUR] GH VXD SURSULHGDGH $QiOLVHV TXtPLFDV UHYHODUDP FRQFHQWUDo}HV HOHYDGDV GR tRQ DP{QLR 1+ H EDL[DV GRV tRQV QLWULWR 12 ) e QUESTÃ&#x192;O 87 QLWUDWR 123 QR VROR (VVHV FRPSRVWRV QLWURJHQDGRV VmR Algumas crianças, ao brincarem de esconde- QHFHVViULRV SDUD R FUHVFLPHQWR GRV YHJHWDLV H SDUWLFLSDP HVFRQGH WDSDP RV ROKRV FRP DV PmRV DFUHGLWDQGR TXH do ciclo biogeoquímico do nitrogênio.

DR DGRWDUHP WDO SURFHGLPHQWR QmR SRGHUmR VHU YLVWDV (P TXDO HWDSD GHVVH FLFOR ELRJHRTXtPLFR VmR (VVD SHUFHSomR GD FULDQoD FRQWUDULD R FRQKHFLPHQWR IRUPDGRV RV FRPSRVWRV TXH HVWmR HP EDL[D FLHQWt¿FR SRUTXH SDUD VHUHP YLVWRV RV REMHWRV FRQFHQWUDomR QHVVH VROR" A UHIOHWHP SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV TXH DWLQJHP A 1LWUL¿FDomR os olhos.

B $VVLPLODomR B JHUDP SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV FRQYHUWLGDV SHOD C $PRQL]DomR IRQWH H[WHUQD D 'HVQLWUL¿FDomR C VmR DWLQJLGRV SRU SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV HPLWLGDV E )L[DomR GH QLWURJrQLR pelos olhos.

D UHÃ&#x20AC;HWHP SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV TXH VH FKRFDP QUESTÃ&#x192;O 90 FRP RV IyWRQV HPLWLGRV SHORV ROKRV E VmR DWLQJLGRV SHODV SDUWtFXODV GH OX] IyWRQV HPLWLGDV $ REWHQomR GH HQHUJLD SRU PHLR GD ¿VVmR QXFOHDU GR

SHOD IRQWH H[WHUQD H SHORV ROKRV 8 p PXLWR VXSHULRU TXDQGR FRPSDUDGD j FRPEXVWmR GD JDVROLQD 2 FDORU OLEHUDGR QD ¿VVmR GR 8 p u 1010 - J H QD FRPEXVWmR GD JDVROLQD p u 10 - J $ PDVVD GH JDVROLQD QHFHVViULD SDUD REWHU D PHVPD HQHUJLD QD ¿VVmR GH NJ GH U é da ordem de A B C D E

103 g.

10 g.

10 g.

10 g.

109 g.

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD

*BR0975SAB32*

2016

&1 Â&#x17E; GLD _ &DGHUQR %5$1&2 3iJLQD