INDEX 1. HISTORY OF METRO 2. MOSCOW 3. NEW YORK 4. LONDON 5. SANTIAGO
Rapid transit evolved from steam railways during the late 19th century. In 1890 the City & South London Railway in London was the first electric rapid transit railway.The electric railway eventually was merged into London Underground. The technology swiftly spread to other cities in Europe, as in Budapest, Hungary in 1896, and then to the United States. A number of elevated systems were built, starting with the 1893 100% designed electric Liverpool Overhead Railway. The elevated railways in Chicago and New York were converted to electric from steam propulsion.
The first rapid transit system was the London Underground, which opened in 1863. The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe, and then to the United States where a number of elevated systems were built. At first these systems used steam locomotives, with the term later coming to entirely mean electric systems. More recently the largest growth has been in Asia and with driverless systems. More than 160 cities have rapid transit systems, totaling more than 8,000 km (5,000 mi) of track and 7,000 stations. Twenty-five
cities have new systems under construction. The biggest metro system in the world by length of routes (including non-revenue track) and by number of stations is the New York City Subway; by length of passenger lines, the largest are the Shanghai Metro and London Underground. The busiest metro systems in the world by daily and annual ridership are the Tokyo subway, Moscow Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Subway
Construction of first metro tunnel
LUBIANKA METRO STATION
The Moscow Metro is a state-owned enterprise.Its total length is 305.5 km (189.8 mi) and consists of 12 lines and 185 stations. The average daily passenger traffic is 6.6 million. Ridership is highest on weekdays (when the Metro carries over 7 million passengers per day) and lower on weekends. Each line is identified according to an alphanumeric index (usually consisting of a number), a name and a colour. Voice announcements refer to the lines by name. A male voice announces the next station when traveling towards the centre of the city, and a female voice when going away from it. On the circle line the clockwise direction has a male announcer for the stations, while the counter-clockwise direction has a female announcer. The lines are also assigned specific colours for maps and signs.
Naming by colour is frequent in colloquial usage, except for the very similar shades of green assigned to the Kakhovskaya Line (route 11), the Zamoskvoretskaya Line (route 2), the LyublinskoDmitrovskaya Line (route 10) and the Butovskaya Line (route L1).
The first plans for a metro system in Moscow date back to the Russian Empire but were postponed by World War I, the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War. In 1923, the Moscow City Council formed the Underground Railway Design Office at the Moscow Board of Urban Railways. It carried out preliminary studies, and by 1928 had developed a project for the first route from Sokolniki to the city centre. At the same time, an offer was made to German company Siemens Bauunion to submit its own project for the same route. Moscow metro logo
CENTRALNAYA- BUSIEST METRO STATION IN MOSCOW
The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. It is one of the oldest and most extensive public transportation systems in the world, with 468 stations in operation (421, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). Overall, the system contains 209 mi (337 km) of routes, translating into 656 miles (1,056 km) of revenue track; and a total of 842 miles (1,355 km) including non-revenue trackage. In 2011, the subway delivered over 1.64 billion rides, averaging approximately 5.3 million rides on weekdays, about 3.0 million rides on Saturdays, and about 2.4 million rides on Sundays.
By annual ridership, the New York City Subway is the seventh busiest rapid transit rail system in the world. Only the transit systems in Tokyo, Moscow, Beijing, Shanghai, Seoul, and Guangzhou have a higher annual ridership. In the United States only four systems offer service 24 hours per day.
Stations are located throughout the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx. While Staten Island does have a rail line, the Staten Island Railway, it is not officially considered part of of the subway. In addition, the Staten Island Railway does not connect to any other trains, so any passengers wishing to visit another borough must take a ferry or bus. Almost all routes pass through Manhattan, and all but five of the 468 stations are served 24 hours a day.Contrary to its name, the New York City Subway system is not entirely underground. Large portions of the system (especially outside of Manhattan) are elevated on embankments or in open cuts, and a few stretches of track run at ground level. Classic NY metro station sign
TIMES SQUARE METRO STATION
The London Underground (often shortened to the Underground) is a rapid transit system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London and some parts of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex. It incorporates the oldest section of underground railway in the world, which opened in 1863 and now forms part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines and the first line to operate electric trains, in 1890, now part of the Northern line.
The Underground system is also colloquially called the Tube. As commonly used today both by Londoners and in most official publicity, this term embraces the entire system. Originally, though, it applied only to the deep-level lines with trains of a smaller and more circular cross-section, and served to distinguish them from the sub-surface "cut-and-cover" lines that were built first and originally used steam locomotives.The Underground serves 270 stations and has 402 kilometres (250 mi) of track, 45 per cent of which is underground. It is the second largest metro
system in the world in terms of route miles, after the Shanghai Metro and part of the largest system in terms of route miles when taken together with the Docklands Light Railway and the London Overground.[citation needed][10] It also has one of the largest numbers of stations. In 2007, more than one billion passenger journeys were recorded, making it the third busiest metro system in Europe, after Moscow and Paris. The tube is an international icon for London, with the tube map, considered a design classic, having influenced many other transport maps worldwide. Although also shown on the Tube map, the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and London Overground are not part of the London Underground network. Underground logotype
LONDON METRO MAP
Metro de Santiago is South America's most extensive metro system with 5 lines, 108 stations and 103 kilometres of track making it the second longest in Latin America after that of Mexico City. The metro system serves the city of Santiago, Chile. Three of the lines are rubber-tyred metro. 4Line and 4A-Line are traditional steel wheels. The system services around 2,300,000 passengers per day. The system is administered by the stateowned Metro S.A.. Along with Metro ValparaĂso in the city of ValparaĂso and the Biotren in ConcepciĂłn, it is one of the three metropolitan railway systems in Chile.
(approx. US$4.00), including $700 worth of credit. Tickets are sold from 6:00 to 23:00 Monday to Friday, 6:30 to 23:00 on Saturdays, and 8:00 to 22:30 on Sundays and holidays. Cards can be topped up to $20.000, and the credit only expires if the card it is not used in two years. Metro de Santiago also sells single-trip tickets, but they do not allow transfers to buses. Fares depend on the time of the use of the system. The cost of a ticket in the Horario Punta (rush hour, 7:00-8:59 and 18:00-19:59) is $620
Santiago metro logo
Metro is part of Transantiago, the integrated public transport system that serves the capital using also feeder and main bus routes. Transantiago works with an integrated fare system, which allows passengers to make bus-bus or bus-metro transfers on a two-hour time limit for the price of one ticket, using a contactless smart card called "Bip! card". These cards are available in all the ticketing offices in every station at a cost of