PERCEIVED SPACE & CONCEIVED SPACE RONGQING LIU SELECETED WORK 2015-2020
PERCEIVED SPACE & CONCEIVED SPACE Looking back at the value of landscape design between the “perceived space” and the “conceived space” in the field of vision, urbanism, and the environment, I think it is a situation which is a “post-modernism” value that is divorced from the practical mentality of functionalism. Therefore, landscape design is no longer just an avant-garde gesture of “combating against tradition”, but dialing back and forth between various values and types, trying to define the uncertainty of these migrations from this complex phenomenon. From this perspective, the professionalism of the landscape profession in the development of more than 150 years has been trying to define (or deny) the professional connotation: “Landscape” does not equal “Landscape Architecture”. The former is a makeup artist who smears in order to consolidate and strengthen the power structure (reflected in the space structure), while the latter is a matter of human dwelling in a society in the environment, economic, aesthetic, ecological, and other aspects of the overall consideration. As Laurie Olin said, “much of the activity and product of contemporary landscape design is not intentionally laden with ideas or invested with devices of representation, but rather has as its expressed purpose that of solving technical, physical, social and functional problems, with some modicum of aesthetic consideration.”
CONTENTS 01 TEMPLE OF HAPPY VALLEY
PROFESSIONAL WORK
--Monumental landscape in Hong Kong cemetery 06_SHENZHEN BAY SUPER HEADQUARTERS BASE 07_BEIJING JINGZHANG RAILWAY PARK
02 THE OVERLAPPED COMMUNITY
08_SIAM PREMIUM OUTLETS BANGKOK, THAILAND
--Transformation of contemporary community in China
09_SHANTOU MIXC 10_CHENGDU ANGEL HOSPITAL 11_WUXI TAI LAKE PLAZA
03 SUSTAINABILITY PATTERN --New urban pattern in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
04 BROWNFIELD REGENERATION --Waterfront post-industrial landscape
05 ODE TO THE FRONTIER --Resilient landscape in response to desert climate
12_HONGDA HUTONG 33
01 SACRED SPACES, COMMON PLACES LOCATION: Happy Valley, Hong Kong TIME: 2019.09-2020.01 TYPE: HKU MLA Studio, Individual Work SCALE: S
Located in the south-central part of wan chai on Hong Kong Island, happy valley is one of the early developed areas of Hong Kong. In the early 1840s, the British army set up a military camp in Happy Valley. However, many military personnel were infected with fever and due to the increasing number of British soldiers who died of illness, this place also formed a cemetery area. The British called it “Happy Valley”, which means “the world of bliss.” Hong Kong Cemetery, formerly Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery and before that Hong Kong Colonial Cemetery, is one of the early Christian cemeteries in Hong Kong dating to its colonial era beginning in 1845. It is located beside the racecourse at Happy Valley, along with the Jewish Cemetery, Hindu Cemetery, Parsee Cemetery, St. Michael’s Catholic Cemetery and the Muslim Cemetery. From the notion of Easterners, the graveyard has always been an unlucky existence. But in Hong Kong, a high-density city, it’s hard to leave spaces for a cemetery. Therefore, the concept of green burial has became popular in Hong Kong in recent years. This project attempts to use trees as the carrier and light and shadow as the media to create an atmosphere of memorial space, hoping that it can be used as the prototype of green burial in the future. At the same time, it can also play a role as an urban park to meet the needs of high-density cities for nature.
CEMETERY AS AN URBAN SANCTUARY IN HONG KONG
away from urban green space MOUNTAIN LAND hard to use lack of park
share same characteristics
peace green space
CEMETERY
modest development
run-off
gradient circulation issue
walking solution
PEDESTRIAN A record about the distance of trees and the interdependent relationship of tempo and proportion. The following graphs are Araeostyle, Diastyle and Bustyle. This is the column standard of an ancient Greek temple, as a case study. Light beam and shade should be considered in landscape design. For they are the most common and dramatic things that we have experienced in a forest. Consider them deeply, from arrangement to detail, function to ornament.
PARK & TEMPLE
A'
B
A
B'
0M
25M
50M
100M
EXPERIENCE SEQUENCE
A
B C
C
B
A
SCETION A-A’
SCETION B-B’
Sightseeing Platform
Avenu
Understory Space
Water Future
02 THE OVERLAPPED COMMUNITY LOCATION: Wuxi, China TIME: 2018.10-2018.12 TYPE: Academic, Individual Work SCALE: S
Since China’s reform and opening up, a large number of collective housing has been built. Such houses have homogenized features, the same floor plan, the basement for bicycles and people with similar jobs. As social needs changed, young people began to seek better job opportunities, they moved from Wuxi to Shanghai or Beijing. Such residential areas are only inhabited by the elderly and children of young people, and the community is aging. At the same time, many migrant workers came to Wuxi. Not only have some of the community's public spaces been abandoned, but also they are incompatible with the people who are currently living there. Basement spaces due to poor ventilation and lighting, all the year round are in a damp and dark state This is not an example. Many communities of the same type have such problems. In this kind of old community that lacks public space, The abandoned basement can be reused as the public space, which converting the negative space to positive space. Via changign the wall to column system, transform the basement into a public space and integrate the entire community with landscape terrain. It adopts landscape approach to solve the limitation of modernism in architectural context.
800M
SITE OVERVIEW The Xukangli community is an 80-type apartment built in the 1980s. In the past, bicycles were a important means of commuting in People’s Daily life and the first floor of apartment is always the public bicycle parking lot. Because the transportation modes such as cars and shared bicycles are more convenient now, few people ride bicycles. Therefore the basement is abandoned. The people who live there are mostly retired old people and new migrant workers.
700M
600M
Living Space SITE
500M
Typical Chinese reseidential communities M
500
400M 0M
100
Working Place
300M
200M
100M
100M
200M
300M
400M
500M
600M
100M
700M
800M
900M
1000M
1100M
1200M
1300M
1400M
1500M
1600M
1700M
1800M
TIMELINE OF BICYCLE PARKING LOT Long live Chairman MAO
Time is money, efficiency is life
Collective dormitory
Livelihood
Quadrangle
Market economy
1966
Construction stagnation
1978
1.Housing demand 2.Public ownership enterprises allocated housing 3.A large quantity of public house had been built
personal warehouse
public bike shed
the development period
Command economy
1998
1.Community heterogeneity 2.Migration
basement
the glorious period
sharing bicycle
2020 Low public housing usage rate
Housing system reform
Cultural Revolution Economic Reform and open up bicycle parkinf lot
Diverse community
Homogeneous population
useless basement
the decline period
?
80-TYPE APARTMENT IN CHINA
URGENT ISSUES OF THE OLD COMMUNITY
1.The only entrance to the basement
2. Lack of public space
3.Dark,damp and abandoned underground space
4.Abandoned green space
PEOPLE’S TIMETABLE AND NEEDS
1966 couple
1976 gave birth
1986 grew
2006 aged
2016 grandchild
now the elderly
Under the social and economic changes, more and more factories are closing down, while today’s young people choose to go metropolis to work. Grandparents are responsible for taking care of young people’s children. The main needs of the old and young groups were for a multi-functional activity area.
CONCEPT OF REVIVID ABANDONED BASEMENT & GREEN SPACE
1. Reopen the basement
Open the sides of the abandoned basement to facilitate ventilation and light. Meanwhile, the landscape invades the basement area.
2. Reuse the outdoor space
Use ramps or stairs to expand common areas into disused basements.
3. Connect the underground space
Each individual basement is connected by topography as a whole open space for people to use.
SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAM 1. Single entrance
1. Increase the lighting and ventilation of the space
Digging 2. No contact inside or outside
Changing the walls into column grid
Setting transition rooms
Zigzag
Step
Lower the height to form a ridge
Integrate space with terrain
2. Increase space accessibility
Permeating and adjusting the path 3. Increase the penetration between spaces or integrate space
3. Space independent of each other
Break through the wall
FORM GENERATION
+
+
=
14
9
12 8
10
7 11 4
MASTER PLAN 1 5
3
6 13 2
1.Library
8.Parking
2.Outdoor platform
9.Basketball court
3.Mirror edge pool
10.Outdoor theater
4.Activity platform
11.Waterfront space
5.Plaza
12.Waterfront platform
6.Stair platform
13.Elevator
7.Lawn
14.Tree array
0M
100M
200M
N
Performance Basketball
Parking
Outdoor activities
Open Ground Floor Space
Life Reconnecting between the Space Communication
Roller skating
Rest space
Main circulation Minor circulation
1
2
2
8 ° Ramps and Stepped Paths 2°
30 ° Outside Stairs
step area, permeable surface edging element
3
4
5
load-bearing
45 ° Stairs
GRADIENT STRATEGY
7
7
7
Different treatment methods are used according to different gradients. Grassy slopes above a angle of repose require additional retaining walls.
1 Green slope green terrace continuous green slope
structure MSE
2 Green path
3 Pavilion
new fill soil cap storm drain
pavilion lawn
4 Gray Space
5 Gathering
6 Break Barrier
7 View Barrier
cut soil exist structure
path structure MSE retaining wall
habital area
structure MSE path retaining wall garage
Blocking Negative Interface
Gentle slope into the stream
A'
A
B’
B
SSECTION A-A’
SECTION B-B’
LANDSCAPE INVASION The landscape enters the basement through the slope, thus achieving the effect of changing from basement to ground open space. The space is divided by the circulation, and the difference of grident in the space increases the diversity and interest of the space.
IMPROVE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BASEMENT Because the basement space is poorly lit and ventilated, opening one or both sides of the space allows in sunlight and fresh air. Light in the underground space can be enhanced by adding some light, reflective water features, or reflective materials.
03 SUSTAINABILITY PATTERN LOCATION: Banyuwangi, East Java TIME: 2020.01-2020.06 TYPE: HKU MLA Studio, Individual Work SCALE: XL Like many landscapes in Southeast Asia, the fertile agricultural plains, rich coastal habitats, and network of urban-rural settlement in East Java are changing rapidly. This development pressure comes from both internal and external forces; is guided by a diverse group of actors with varied motives and agencies; and is limited by a particular set of social and environmental histories. If we assume that current development trajectories are problematic, how might we frame an alternative way forward? Are there landscape planning approaches, design strategies, or material and technological interventions that might deliver an alternative narrative of development? Can landscape strategies and disciplinary approaches be useful tools to negotiate a changing and uncertain environment, and can they help structure more positive and more equitable outcomes for all human and nonhuman actors in this territory? Development is both a threat and a challenge. The natural scenery here is the heritage of nature, which strongly attracts tourists from all over the world. So how to protect nature and develop it at the same time becomes the core issue here. Green buffer, Eco-corridor, community, and eco-tourism are my four targets. Green buffers can provide protection for the natural habitat and stop the development. Eco-corridor is the essential path for animals to migrate, providing paths for people as well. When the natural condition becomes better, then family farming and eco-tourism can be a new income for people who live there.
CONCEPT: SUSTAINABILITY PATTERN
EXISTING CHALLENGES
GOAL: GREEN LOOP
GOAL: GREEN CORRIDOR
GOAL: NEW ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Fragmented habitats
Connection the habitats
Provide migration corridor for animals
Improve condition of habitats
Under the pressure of development
Control the development
Connection for people
Provide activities for people
res i
den
tial
GOAL: NEW PATTERN
ge
residential ed
edg
e
1.Existing Edge Condition
2.Natural and River Connection
Under the pressure of urban development, the ecosystem is under serious threat. Existing ecosystems are shattered by unplanned roads and cities. At the same time, with the decline of the fishery economy, most fish ponds will be refilled as land for future real estate development. Coastline ecosystems, especially mangroves, are gradually degrading.
The establishment of a new water system not only helps to establish new ecological habitats, but also participates in the new community water cycle system. Rivers can transport nutrient-rich rivers from upstream to mangrove forest. Once the ecosystem is restored, sewage from fish ponds and communities can be treated. People no longer need to maintain fish ponds at a high cost.
3.Green Buffer
4.Establishing Circulation
The green barriers can effectively slow down the destruction of ecological habitat by urban invasion. The green public space not only provides new leisure places for the community, but also undertakes the responsibility of the ecological corridors and the agricultural pollination corridors. Family farming along the streets which are the part of the green corridors will become a part of income of the family. People will have energy to engage to protect the ecosystem, because of the relationship between productivity and ecosystem.
Communities and ecosystems will be closely linked by newly established green ecosystems and rivers. A new life circle is established. At the community level, streets and parks are connected to Central Park by green corridors. Economic land is connected by a supermarket, where all products can be processed centrally and sold locally. At the ecological level, the new water system can collect wastewater from the community and nutrient-rich river water upstream. The fish pond and mangrove ecosystem can use the above resources, and this can be used to carry out eco-tourism.
12
9
11 7
1 4 2 3
10
9
5 6
1
MASTER PLAN 8
1.Farming Area 3.Street Farming 5.Pollination Corridor 7.Eco-island 3.Fish Pond 11.Central Park
2.Micro Garden 4.Green Corridor 6.Family Farming 8.Wetland 10. Gathering Center 12. Wooden bridge
N 0M
50M 100M
200M
300M
PHASEING OF FOUR SYSTEMS PHASE 1 - GREEN BUFFER
PHASE 2 - ECO-CORRIDOR
2020
PHASE 3 - COMMUNITY
PHASE 4 - ECO-TOURISM
2040
2030
2050
2019 Under the pressure of development Linear Agriculture
Community
Empty Space
2020
1.Existing condition
2020
2025
2.Preserve green area and mangrove
2030
Farming Area
1.Hard edge condition
Fish Pond
Fish Pond
Manfrove Forest
Beach
2020
1.Existing condition
2020
1.Existing condition
2025
2.Stop the development before the green buffer 3.Establish the bridge to cross the mangrove forest
2025
2.Establish new water course to connect two upsteam water
3.Establish green corridor to create a net structure.
2035
4.Establish agricultural community
2035
3.Mangrove planting activities
Green corridor system
2045
Establish gathering space
2045
high connectivity low circuitry
2.Establish new water course to connect two upsteam water.
high connectivity high circuitry
2030
3.Establish freen buffer and eco-island with new water course.
2035
Green loop system
2035
2040
growing
Ecological tourism
MIX USING TYPOLOGY
Playground
Farming Area
Community
Faimily Farming
Green Buffer
Gathering Place
Farming Area
Fish Pond
Manfrove Forest
Beach
Circulation
Green System
Hydrology
Community
Eco-Tourism
01 GREEN BUFFER
02 ECO-CORRIDOR tree house micro-ecological environment
eco-corridor green buffer as a central park
Pollination corridor
03 COMMUNITY
04 ECO-TOURISM gathering center
wooden deck bridge mangrove forest water system
04 BROWNFIELD REGENERATION LOCATION: Wuxi, China TIME: 2019.8-2019.10 TYPE: Academic, Individual Work SCALE: L
Since ancient times, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has been an important transportation channel in China. With the increasing usage and transportation of fossil energy, this river has been greatly polluted. It is no longer a waterfront activity space for ancient people, but a modern cargo terminal. With the rise of faster modes of transportation such as high-speed rail, aircraft and the increased awareness of environmental protection, many terminals along the BeijingHangzhou Grand Canal were abandoned. As long as the ecological environment is restored, the abandoned dock is a good opportunity to transform into a waterfront space. Solving the problem of soil pollution and river pollution is the most important thing. Under the construction of a complete water circulation system, the use of trees and wetland plants has the effect of purifying water bodies and soils, and the use of water circulation to collect contaminated leaves and wetland plants, which saves manpower. Over time, the contaminated terminal eventually turned into a waterfront activity space.
CONTAMINATED AREA ALONG SHIPPING ROUTES
China
Zhejiang
Suzhou
SITE
N
Contaminated area
HARBOR RECONSTRUCTION GROWING OVER YEAR
Wharf
10KM
50KM
In 1960, developed countries built a large number of docks and harbors to transport goods for national development and urban construction. In the 1990s, with the development of the city, a large number of wharves around the world were abandoned and converted into public space. Now the same thing is happening in the developing country.
Canalization 581-907
Wharves for Fishermen and freight 1850
Industrial wharf 2000
Abandonment 2018
CANAL CITY The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has been an important transportation channel for China since ancient times and is also an important waterfront activity space for people. However, with the acceleration of industrialization, the waterfront space is no longer used by people, but is occupied by the docks, which bring huge pollution.The transportation efficiency of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is far lower than that of automobiles and airplanes, and the government began to control pollution, resulting in many terminals being abandoned. Due to previous industrial pollution, the soil containing many toxic substances can no longer be used by people.
CURRENT SECTION
STATUS QUO
PROBLEM
Gantry Crane
Train
Soil Contamination
Poisonous Gas
River Contamination
Toxic Chemicals
Container Cargo Ship
Railroad
Watercourse
Wharf
Residential Area
Residential area
CAUSE OF CONTAMINATION Railroad
The most serious pollution under the rails 1.Contaminants scattered by the train penetrate into the soil from the gaps in the rails. 2.Contaminants penetrate into two sides with rain. 3.The steam locomotive emits carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and coal dust due to incomplete combustion of coal.
Gantry Crane Railroad
Cargo Ship Current Section Canal
Docks
Ship discharges pollutants along the route 1.Oil is the main pollutant in port waters. 2.Ship washing water for ships carrys toxic chemicals. 3.Domestic sewage discharged from ships, such as toilet flushing, etc.
Blocking
STINKY! We don’t need abandoned shipyards！ We need clean waterfront space！ N
0M
100M
200M
CONCEPT: PHYTOREMEDIATION PROCESS ON CONTAMINATED SOIL Collect leaf litter with pollutants
Photodegradation
Transpiration
Reap
Precipitation
Adsorption
Root uptake and contaminant removal
Collect the contaminated leaves
Phytoremediation
FRAMEWORK OF DEAL WITH DIFFERENT AREAS OF POLUTION
Collect the contaminated wetland plant
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES, TIME AND COST OF THE OPERATIONS Ability of treating
Time
Stage1 Stage2
Stage2 Canal
Land
Extraction
Phytoremediation
Transfer
Wetland
Rainwater collection Outflow
r
sfe
n Tra
2 BILLION/460 TOUNNE
Waterfront
Dilution
Deposit
Outside soil Concrete capping
Time
Stage1 Stage2
Infrastructure Time
Stage2
Canal Relying solely on phytoremediation is not a comprehensive consideration. In different areas, according to the cost and time required by different techniques, choose different treatment methods.
sit
po
De
OILS METALS CHEMICALS 0.8 BILLION/405 m³
EXTRACTION ENCAPSULATION OILS METALS CHEMICALS
g
pin
cap
ete ncr
Co
0.3 BILLION/1200K ACRE 0.5 YEARS
Cost
Ability of treating
Time Cost
SOIL WASHING + SOIL VAPOUR EXTRACTION
3-5 YEARS
Cost
Ability of treating
Intensive treatment
OILS METALS CHEMICALS 2 YEARS
Cost
Ability of treating
On Site
EXTRACTION + OFF SITE DISPOSAL
PHYTOREMEDIATION OILS METALS CHEMICALS 0.2 BILLION/25 TOUNNE 2-7 YEARS
y
ph
on
iati
ed
em tor
PHASING DIAGRAMS OF CONSTRUCTION
Outside soil
Off stie disposal
n
tio
lu Di
Organize the river
Extraction
Use the existing facilities of the site to assist the construction
Pump
Plant along railroad
Create waterflow From nursery
DIGITAL FABRICATION: TERRAIN IN FORMATION Contaminated watercourses are excavated and lightly polluted areas are reinforced to create more useful Spaces. With the test of computer simulations, canals can be used to test how much terrain can be formed under the combined effects of rainfall and water flow in canals. As the water flows through the channel, different particle sizes and vegetation have different effects on the formation of the terrain, but ultimately all tend to be organic and streamlined.
Constructed base slope
Speed adjustment algorithm
Excavate channels flow
FORM GENERATION
OVERALL IDEA
OVERALL IDEA
Existing condition
Changing the water cycle
Planting trees along the railway
Extraction On site
The terrain constructs the entire site, forming a water circulation and repair strategy. After a period of repair, the pollution in the site will be reduced, and the terrain also provides a good waterfront space, and also provides an opportunity to deal with sewage or railway pollution in the city in the future.
PART 1: EXTRACTION
Contaminated soil
Piling up soil in the channel
Forming new watercourse
Planting trees along the ridge
Rushing leaves to the collection
Circulation
Waterfront space
PART 2: ON SITE
Pumping
MASTER PLAN N 0M
50M
100M
150M
200M
WETLAND TYPE
VEGETATION Wetland contaminant enrichment herb
Pteris vittata
Arternmisia Linn.
Iris tectorum Maxim.
Astilbe chinensis
Resilience: Highest
Panicum virgatum L. Sedum alfredii
Wetland contaminant enrichment tree species Resilience: High
Bioswale
Sedimentation Pool
Surface Wetland
A
B
C
Liriodendron chinensis
Sarg Ficus benjamina
Delonix regia
Araucaria cunninghamnii
Wetland anti-pollution landscape tree
Metasequois glyptostroboides
Glyptostrobus pensilis
Ginkgo biloba L.
Platanus acerifolia
Subsurface Wetland
Oxygenation Pool
Infiltration Pond
E
F
D
WATERFLOW A
B
C D
E
F
water inlet impermeable basin-bed
evapo-transpiration waterbody
A
B
B
A
F
D E
D
C
C
B E C
B A A
E
F F
D
Typha orientalis Presl
Phragmites australis
Xylosma G. Forst
Resilience: Middle
Broussonetia papyrifera
Resilience: Low
Wetland anti-pollution shrub
Acorus calamus L.
Populus tomentosa Carr
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn
Scripus validus Vahl
PATR 1: EXTRACTION The accumulated rainwater penetrates through the gap and forms a wetland environment. Wetland plants can purify sewage and soil.
WATER CYCLE
B
B
A
C
D
C
1
1'
2
2'
3
3'
A D
Section 1-1’ The former railway track changes to the new infrastructure now, and the undulating river channel shapes the diverse waterfront space experience.
Section 2-2’ The hard area on the top of the sedimentation tank can be used as an activity field. At the same time, planting trees with small canopys can let more sunlight into the playground.
Section 3-3’ In the continuous green area, plant trees with large crowns to form a semi-indoor effect and form a comfortable leisure area.
PATR 2: ON SITE The pump draws water from the river into the reservoir, where the water gradually infiltrates into the ditch and is used to wash away the fallen contaminated leaves. The upper layer forms a green space and is integrated with the retained rail to form an active space.
LANDFORM PROTOTYPR MODEL, WOOD The laser-cut model can clearly show the contour design. It’s a disintegration effect. The denser the contour lines are, the steeper they are, and vice versa. This model can display the detial of the each wetland area.
LANDFORM MODEL, WHITE FOAM CNC The CNC milling model can demonstrate the integration of the terrain. What it does is show the overall flow of water and range of landform.
05 ODE TO THE FRONTIER LOCATION: Gansu, China TIME: 2018.03-2018.05 TYPE: Competition, Team Leader SCALE: XXL
Zhangye city , Gansu province, China is in the desert region of the northwestern China .Because of the climate of desert area , Zhangye city is in area with harsh natural environment.The oasis in the desert is the basis for people’s survival. However as people unreasonably reclaimed land andirrational methods of water use ,natural conditions became more and more harsh.It was threatened by desert migration and land salinization at any time. Eventually it led young laborers to leave here and go to urban city. Because of this ,Zhangye city faced the problem of aging. “Resilient landscape” was applied to disaster preparedness, especially the urban facilities to respond and recover from dangerous conditions. What we should do is making measure to deal with extreme climates and resilience mechanism of recovery measure.Also we should take action to adjust the distribution of local water resource.Great natural environment will attract more local people and strangers to come here and guard the desert oasis.
SITE
MECHANISM OF DESERT MOVEMENT Wind
5KM
River
Desert
Wasteland
Saline land
Flood area
Village
N 1KM
Reservoir
10KM
Main wind direction
Main rainoff
AGRICULTURE AREA 1988
1998
2018
45%
65%
85%
My name is Old Lvtou, born in the northwest of China, 72 years old. Nowadays, the river, like our mothers, are drying up. The prairies, like our fathers, are becoming impotent.
I’m Young Lvtou, Old Lvtou’s grandson. I rode a camel every day to find water. Now I can’t get water out of the ground. I don’t know why. In order to find a clean water source, my friend and I have to go to a stream far away every day.
When my family died they were buried in the sand, and I had a coffin ready for me.
I come here every day to sweep the sand, hoping that descendant will find our tombstone in the future.
Some factories have recently sprung up in the desert...
What is my future? Should I leave my hometown? What about my grandfather?
PROBLEM DESERTIFICATION Land type change of Zhangye city Desertification area
60 (%) change in the proportion of land used 50 40 30 20 10 0
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
Wetland area Meadow area Forest area 1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
2014
2017(year)
SALINIZATION Distribution of water resources in Heihe River Basin 95 (%) change in the proportion of water use 90 85
Agricultural area Industrial area Domestic area Ecological area
10 5 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011(year)
OVER FARMING cultivated area of Zhangye city
SITE CONDITION Reservoir
River
Desert
Wasteland
Saline land
Flood area N
Village
0M
100M
25 (hm²) Changes in arable area 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 1984 1987 1990 1993
500M
The total area of arable land 0.21 0.20
Per capita cultivated area
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2008
2011
0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16
0.15 0.14 2014(year)
It was proved that this area has been dominated by agriculture.The weather conditon was positive related to the condition of the dynasty. Ecology affects agriculture and agriculture affects economy.
1000M
CONCEPT Recover Renovate Establish a defense mechanism Create ecological habitat Recover biodiversity
Remix Remix of the desert and river
Readapt Re-adaptation
Pruning branches
2018
Sand barrier
+ Program Solid sand barrier
Ecological Sand Prevention
Sand accumulationNetting and Sand Fixing
Dam
Solid dam
Entertainment
Industry
Technology
Defense
Artificial defense Natural defense
Restore
Salinization/desertification Biodiversity level
Use
Ecological dam
Wetlands
Farmland
Space utilization Disaster climate defense
Agricultural water Economic consumption Land production value
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
STRATEGY
STRATEGY METHOD
SCALE 100 X 100M
LOW
HIGH
RIVER
A1 Artificial barrier
A2 Natural barrier
B1 Artificial levee
B2 Natural levee
Initial setting
Natural succession process DEFENSE PERFORMANCE
LOW
LOW
HIGH
C1 Deadman
C2 Wind deflector
D1 Eco-island
D2 Low-lying land
E1 straw checkerboard
E2 Pioneer plant
F1 Closed conduit
F2 Open channel
G1 E1+F1
G2 E1+E2+F2
G3 E2+F2
AVAIABLE WATER LEVEL
LOW
DEFENSE PERFORMANCE
HIGH
AVAIABLE WATER LEVEL
SCALE 800 X 800M
G4 E2+E1+F1
HIGH
Combination method
Different strategies have different levels of responses to sandstorms and different water dependence. At the same time, different strategies can be combined to achieve different effects. The six types of strategies can have 12 prototypes, which can be comprised to 45 merged strategies.
When dealing with different disasters, different degrees of water usage can be made to different degrees of response measures. When the ecological environment begins to recover, different levels of strategies can be superimposed on each other and transformed. It can change through times.
3 3
2
4
2
1
1
1
4
4
3 4 4
3
1
4
2018 Ecological water 15%
1.Establish a defense mechanism
2023 Ecological water 30%
2.Create ecological habitat Recover biodiversity
2030 Ecological water 45%
3.Remix of the desert and river
PRECISION & VARIABILITY Apply different strategies at different scales. It is strategies with a hierarchy that is the part of this design. Under the precise design, although there will be different changes over time, such as the level will change, and then the new strategies should be applied according to the new level.
MASTER PLAN 1.Village 2.Desert activity area
Desert defense line
3.Wetland 4.Farmland
River defense line
N 100M
500M
DEVELOPING PHASING EXISTING : Sand and strong evaporation threat Desert
Uncultivated land
Saline land
Reservoir
Rainfall
Rainfall
Indirect water supply
350
Direct water supply Evaporation
PROCESS1 : Establish a defense mechanism
Artificial irrigation
Sand blocking grid
Bioswale
Sedimentation pool
Artificial irrigation
surface wetland
0
Desert plant
Saline-tolerant plants
Desert plant
Saline-tolerant plants
Wetland water supply
Desert plant
Saline-tolerant plants
Infiltration land Open channel
PROCESS3 : Recover biodiversity Grassland habitat
Marsh habitat
Wetland habitat
Wetland water supply
Riverside habitat Open channel
PROCESS4 : Result a new ecosystem Desert activity area
50
Open channel
PROCESS2 : Create ecological habitat
Desert habitat
100
Levees
Sand retaining wall
Plant barrier
River
Desert plant
Agricultural community
Aquafarm
Closed conduit
Wetland park
River space Open channel
Buffering measures made from deadman protect both the wetland and the animals’ habitat.Plants have a restoring effect on saline-alkali land.
Artificial and natural defensive measures protect animal habitats when dust storms strike.
When there is no dust storm, people can play in the sand dunes.
Wetlands provide water to farmland through closed conduit, reducing evaporation and reducing unnecessary irrigation.
PROFESSIONAL WORK In this part, There are some practising landscape architecture work when I worked in, Tom Leader Studio(TLS), Shanghai, Landscape Collaboration(LCO),Bangkok, Mcgregor Coxall, Shenzhen and Remix Studio, Beijing, including memorial landscape, commercial landscape project, public space, structures design and construction drawing.
Tom Leader Studio(TLS) 06_Design Competition_ShenzhenBay Super Headquarters Base_Central Green Axis and the Base Area (First Prize) • Led by Tom Leader, collaborated with AZPLM, fully participated in the Conceptualized Design, Mainly responsible for graphics and modeling. 07_Design Competition_Beijing Jing Zhang Railway Park (First Prize) • Led by Wei Chen, engaged in a renovation railroad project in Beijing. In charge of Schematic Design, Rhino modeling. Landscape Colaboration(LCO) 08_Project_Siam Premium Outlets Bangkok (Completed) • Led by Touchapon Suntrajan [Josh], engaged in playground design in Outlets. In charge of the whole part of playground design, from concept design to Rhino modeling. 09_Project_Shantou Mixc, Guangdong (Under Construction) • Led by Touchapon Suntrajan [Josh], engaged in pavement study and production. Mcgregor Coxall 10_Design Competition_Angel Hospital, Chengdu (short list) • Led by Philip Coxall, collaborated with Gensler Washington and Australia, fully participated in Design. 11_Design Competition_Wuxi Tai Lake Plaza (short list) • Led by Michael Patte, collaborated with Layout, Shenzhen, fully participated in Design. REMIX Studio 12_Project_Dif-fused Hongda Hutong 33 (On-site) • Led by design principle Chen Chen, Engaged in courtyard and rooftop of the traditional building design. In charge of physical models, Rhino modeling, and vegetation design.
06_SHENZHEN BAY SUPER HEADQUARTERS BASE
SUPERCAMPUS Beyond performing as a major regional environmental corridor, our proposal is to turn the Green Axis into a vehicle to optimize the performance of the Shenzhen Bay Superheadquarters Base through the provision of a space capable to intensify the synergies between the companies and institutions that settle there. The Green Axis will become a Super-Campus for the Superheadquarters, a space to foster the exchange of knowledge and innovation, a space to foster the advancement of technology and the evolution of new ideas to expand creativity in the workplace. It will be an example of China’s 21st Century economic model which combines innovation, science and technology with high-quality public services and a high-quality ecological environment.
The Superheadquarters SuperCampus is modelled as a university campus, as a Learning Landscape in the heart of the city suitable for a new society that is constantly learning. Like the best university landscapes, it will ease the impetuousness of the city, dispel anxiety and provides a comfortable and natural walking, thinking environment of cultural exchange. Based on the landscapes of the great university campuses, it will provide a place to focus on creation, communication, friendship and dreams, to accommodate an advanced and collective learning culture. The social protocols related to lifelong learning and self-education and the deep integration of education, production and commerce will become the prevalent culture in Shenzhen Bay Superheadquarters Base, a new cosmopolitan urban center.
A CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE - THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL CAMPUS Given the nature of the industries to be located on the Shenzhen Bay Superheadquarters Base, interconnectivity between businesses and institutions will be a key part of the success of the project, and the design of the public realm and its connection to the transport infrastructure will be critical for the optimal performance of the whole masterplan. As the Green Axis sits in the very centre of the project, it cannot afford to disturb the smooth connectivity between: 1. The edges of the park. 2. The basic layers of the public space: the ground level, the system of elevated walkways at +6 and the network of underground connections at -6, including the main transportation hubs (like Shenguan Inter-city Station, Hongshuwan station,etc.).
“Sunken Plazas” Activate the B1 and B2 levels bringing natural light and creating ecological wetlands which improve the local microclimate and purify the rain water.
Our proposal is the "campus" as a landscape prototype, on the central headquarters base, to maintain a relaxed and comfortable, educational and interactive place. Although this place is in the center of a CBD, it can promote the breeding, hybridization and the spread of creative ideas. The Green Axis is to become the epicenter of the complex formed by the accumulation of company headquarters and institutions which will enormously benefit from their co-location and interrelation.
“Topographical Berms” Connect the walkways to the ground level and bring water collected in the buildings down to the bioswales.
“Campus Web” Straight diagonal paths connect the main pedestrian accesses on the two sides of the green axis, stitching the two sides together in a web. Shenzhen Bay
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION NARRATIVE 1. Linking the dots: We locate three-dimensionally the ends of the walkways, stations, underground passages etc and we create the 3D park circulation web. 2. Forming the artificial topography. We apply the disabled slopes (<8%) and the earth slopes (<30°) for land selfstabilization to the 3D circulation paths to shape the topography.
walkways on the ground floor walkways connecting ground floor and second floor walkways connecting ground floor and B1 floor
3. Bringing the water. We locate the acequias along the paths and identify the ideal location for the retention ponds/ bioswales on every plot, which will naturally lie on the -6 sunken garden level. Wood decks will be installed on the -6 level to provide public access to the wetlands. 4. Planting the slopes. Vernacular vegetation types are assigned to different topographical and soil conditions across the park.
AMPLIFIED ECOLOGICAL WATERSHED
BIO-RENTENTION
BIO-SWALE
GREEN ROOF AND GREEN STREETS
CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
WATERSHED AND HYDROLOGY
Green Roof Bio-rentention Treated Runoff
OCT wetland
Bio-rentention Aqueduct
Constructed Wetland Green Street
Treated Runoff
Shenzhen Bay
Bio-swale Bio-swale Green Street surface runoff Building runoff
AQUEDUCT
We imagine the Green Axis as the central element of the ecological infrastructure necessary to balance extraordinary densities of construction and the effect of tall buildings in the collection of stormwater and wind patterns. We envision the whole masterplan as an artificial watershed which will be collecting substantial amount of water which we would like to channel into the Green Axis, where it will be naturally evaporated to the effect of reducing the buildup of heat characteristic of high-density urban fabrics, and which can be used for the irrigation of plants and simultaneously filtered. Our proposal is to optimize the potential of this artificial watershed as the source for irrigation of the park, as an opportunity to reduce the stormwater runoff into the sewers, and as an opportunity to reduce extensive water treatment, as the park itself will contribute to filter the water through bioswales. These bioswales, which will use the autochthonous vegetation of the mangrove will be distributed strategically to return a large amount of the stormwater directly to the aquifer. At this effect, a water channel will be incorporated on every path in the park, including the elevated ones, which will act as little aqueducts bringing water from the artificial watershed (the roofs, the facades of the towers the road infrastructure…) into the park.
A LAYERED VEGETATION SYSTEM
WETLAND
LAWN
MEADOW & SHRUB
ESPLANADE
FOREST
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM & VEGETATION BREAK-UP 8% water
4% 32% wetland lawn
16% meadow
26% forest
14% esplanade
& shrub
pond esplanade
Forest
OCT wetland
constructed wetland meadow & shrub
Mangrove Wetland lawn
Shenzhen Bay park
Shenzhen Bay
MANGROVE WETLAND
The vegetation of the Green Axis will be ensured by a minimum depth of soil of 1,5m throughout, (including when retail facilities are provided at B1) which may grow up to 7,5m on the slopes of the berms which articulate the convergence of different levels in the park, -6, 0 and +6. These “automatic” changes in depth of the soil layer will set up the “design space” of the vegetation, where we envision shallower soil layers sustaining bio-retention gardens, while deeper soil layers can support even the growth of local forest vegetation. A wide variety of plant communities make an important contribution to the conservation of local biodiversity. Wetland area provides different habitat conditions for different wetland plants. Emergent plants, floating plants and submerged plants with purification and ornamental functions. In the lawn area, the trample resistance and abrasion resistance of plant varieties were considered, and the climatic conditions such as moisture resistance and salinity resistance were also considered. In the intersection area of brackish and fresh water, evergreen shrubs and trees are considered as the main body of the plant community.
07 BEIJING JINGZHANG RAILWAY PARK NODE 1
Turn the abandoned railway and flyover into bike and running lanes, connecting the surrounding schools, communities and business districts. To bring more and more people into the railway park. The railway park is not only a park, but also the infrastructure for daily commuting, breaking down the previous barriers caused by abandonment.
07 BEIJING JINGZHANG RAILWAY PARK NODE 2
While preserving the site’s industrial heritage, the industrial structure is transformed into a part of the new recreational space.Activate abandoned industrial relics with multiple functions.
08_SIAM PREMIUM OUTLETS BANGKOK MASTERPLAN
PLAYGROUND AREA
TREE HOUSE
09 SHANTOU MIXC GUANGDONG MASTER PLAN
CIRCULATION 1. Entrance Plaza
N
2. Drop-off
3. Sculpture
4. Main Plaza 8. Sunken Plaza
5. Dry Fountain
6. Fun Ground
7. Amphitheatre
9. Pocket Garden
10. Bike Lane
11. Non-motor vehicle parking
HUAQIAO ROAD
11 1 3
9
PROGRAM 2
3
10
2
ALI ROAD
6 8
7
4 5
3
NATURAL FLOW
11
1 2
The movement or natural flow of elements can create a dynamic space and environment. Whether it be the flow of water, air, or even people, the organic patterns that are formed may provide different textures and subtle volumes of space.
ALI STREET ELEVATION
HUAQIAO STREET ELEVATION
WEST FACADE
SOUTH FACADE
NORTH FACADE
BIRD SCULPTURE OVERALL SECTION
10 CHENGDU ANGEL HOSPITAL
THE OPPORTUNITY The current site planning is driven by the functional requirements of the building planning and vehicle access. We need to weave an experiential objective into the design which creates an atmosphere of caring and welcome. We need to play with the terrain and the scale of the landscape against the buildings to create a sense of balance. The height of the main buildings creates a hard transition to the scale of the landscape and people within it. We need to moderate this experience to create the calmness and singularity required by a healing landscape.
ENTRY - EMBRACE The arbour flows around the building entries, creating a calming arrival scale and suggesting a sense of security and embrace. A play of light and shadow is intertwined with golden Ginkgo trees. The sky and trees are reflected in water reflecting pools creating a tranquil atmosphere from the first moment of arrival.
EMBRACE - RECONNECTION - CARE
THE AMBITION The hospital is the beginning of each new-born’s life, the place of rebirth for the mother, and a continuing journey for a young family’s growing children. We are creating a landscape where everyone will feel protected and cared for. The landscape has a power that lifts spirits and improves healing for body and soul. Our ambition is to provide a simple but elegant arbour that connects all buildings and landscape elements. This structure improves the scale of experience at ground level and forms a contiguous connection between building entries. This forms a positive external experience at a personal scale, rather than creating a landscape which reinforces the separation of tall building blocks.
RECONNECTION - GINKGO FOREST Under the forest we create a new healing landscape. Simple elevated paths float through the undulating landform and Ginkgo forest. Activities such as a badminton court, children’s playground, teahouse, and sustainable water pond provide places for the full family to bond, and for staff to relax away from the work environment.
LANDSCAPE & INTERIOR ZONES The hospital contains a small number of distinctly designed zones that creates a unique hierarchy of connected spaces, providing a simple natural wayfinding strategy. All spaces appear connected and part of the same overall concept but are tailored to the specific needs of their functional areas. The 6 key interior space types in the concept design demonstrate the way these tailored interiors respond to their functional needs, while connecting to the overall design concept. Landscape design is also considered as part of the holistic concept and is included in these key space sections.
Arbour
Tea House
Internal Arbour
VIP Room
Standard Paediatric Room Conference Hub
Retail
Atrium
Inpatient Lobby
CARE - COURTYARD Inspired by traditional Chinese gardens, we form new courtyards through the facility with connection to the sky and nature. Each design changes slightly in response to the interior functions, but all incorporate the elements of water, stone and flower plants (such as the spectacular Jacaranda) to create a modern Zen garden.
11 WUXI TAI LAKE PLAZA
CURRENT PLAZA
FUTURE LAKE TAI PLAZA
a plaza with a main axis
plaza + park
Wuxi is all of that… a unique Nature where TaiHu and HuiShan are inexhaustible reservoirs of resourcing and renewing. It allowed a long time ago, to install the first human settlement and the first City defined by its wall. Then, it developed the unique and profound culture that takes roots here before blooming and sending its petals and fruits all over the world. The essence of the city is here, constantly blooming and re-defining itself as a generous and welcoming sharing and exchange platform. Our project is inspired by this understanding and it puts in place all the necessary elements to allow the city to redefine itself both in its continuity and its contemporaneity. We decided to reestablish the lake and the mountain as the core and foundation of the city. Then, we developed the 4 keys elements of the city identity: Nature, City, Culture, and Exchanges. These 4 themes lead to the development of the 4 parts surrounding the central core. They participate to understand and define Wuxi’s unique lifestyle and identity.
The giant water and fog feature will be an irresistible attraction for all generations and at all times. From the other side, a giant Green Long Beach offers the opportunity to contemplate the lake and the city skyline. This sloped lawn is a perfect place for a picnic, an ideal and safe natural playground for the kids during family/ friend gatherings, or just a romantic date enjoying the city panorama or just a massive celebration place for 6.000 persons.
These gardens are characterized by the presence of the government located in one extremity of the plaza and several underground commercial and subway exits. This area will be one of the most active and diversified zone and one of the main origin of the park’s visitors. Our aim is to create a place open, welcoming, and formal at the entrance then fun and playful able to fulfill the needs and expectations of a diverse population at all periods of the day, the week, and the seasons.
Our goal is to create a strong ecological identity and propose to reconnect with natural elements but also our own souls. Combining art and nature is for us, the tool to reach this objective. We refine details and elements in order to give them more coherence and strength as well as connecting them to the rest of the park through the axis and physical and visual continuity.
On the other side of the road, next to the Japanese garden, people will enjoy a place to exercise and running. It’s a place of exchange designed to welcome animal lovers and their pets, The 4 seasons’ pavilions offer an opportunity to socialize and network while taking care of the animals.
12_HONGDA HUTONG 33
Rongqing LIU Male, March 4th, 1997 Tianjin, China, PRC Base in Chengdu, China, PRC rongqingliu0304@gmail.com +86 17720013990
Chinese (Native), English (TOEFL 104, best score 107) Programming & Interaction Python, Grasshopper 3D Modeling Rhinoceros, SketchUp, Vectorwork Rendering V-ray 4, Lumion 2D Graphic & Video Editing Autodesk CAD, Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Lightroom, Premiere Mapping & Simulation ArcGIS, Qgis, Autodesk Ecotect Analysis Machining CNC Milling, Laser cutter, 3D Printing, Wood shop operation
EDUCATION 2021.9 - 2023
Harvaed Graduate School of Design
2019.9 - drop
Master of Landscape Architecture AP GSD Grant $15000 per year Master of Landscape Architecture
2015.09 - 2019.06
Landscape Architecture
Southwest University, Chongqing, China
2017.02 - 2017.06
Landscape Architecture Exchange Student
Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
2017.11
Honorary Award, 28/1184 Chairman of jury: Peter G. Rowe (Dean of the GSD at Harvard from 1992 to 2004)
YiLong Futuristic City International Design Competition, UED
2017.12
Honorary Award, 40/999
International Competition for Renewal Design of Pocket Park in Nanqiao,Fengxian
2018.05
Third prize
Chinese Society Of Landscape Architecture Student Design Competition
2017.09
Second Prize
LingNan Garden Competition
2018.03
Third Prize
LingNan Garden Competition
Hong Kong University, Hong Kong
AWARDS
REFERENCE Tom Leader
Founder of Tom Leader Studio
Email Tom@tlslandarch.com
Jun Chen
AECOM Singapore, Director
Email jun.chen1@aecom.com
Somkiet Chokvijitkul
Co-Founder of Landscape collaboration
Email boyd@landscape-co.com
Chen Chen
Co-Founder of Remix Studio
Email info@remixstudio.org
Ivan Alexander Valin
Assistant Professor of HKU
Email ivan.valin@hku.hk
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2020.11-2021.5
Mcgregor Coxall, Shenzhen Landscape Architect
Design Principle Adrian McGregor & Philip Coxall Design Competition Angel Hospital (short list) • Led by Philip Coxall, collaborated with Gensler, fully participated in Design. Design Competition Wuxi Tai Lake Plaza (short list) • Led by Michael Patte, collaborated with Layout, fully participated in Design. Project Futian Furong Sport Park Project Foshan Yingyue Lake Park
2019.11-2020.02
Tom Leader Studio (TLS), Shanghai Landscape Architecture Intern
Design Principle Tom Leader Design Competition ShenzhenBay Super Headquarters Base_Central Green Axis and the Base Area (Awarded) • Led by Tom Leader, collaborated with AZPLM, fully participated in the Conceptualized Design. Design Competition Beijing Jing Zhang Railway Park (Awarded) • Led by Wei Chen, engaged in a renovation railroad project in Beijing. In charge of Schematic Design, Rhino modeling. Project Baiyangdian Waterfront Scape in Xiong’an New Area (under construction) • Led by Wei Chen, collaborated with SOM, engaged in waterfront space design. In charge of Design Development, constructional drawing.
2019.06-2019.08
Landscape Collaboration, Bkk, Thailand Landscape Architecture Intern
Design Principle Touchapon Suntrajan [Josh], Somkiet Chokvijitkul [Boyd] Project Siam Premium Outlets Bangkok (completed) • Led by Touchapon Suntrajan [Josh], engaged in playground design in Outlets. In charge of the whole part of playground design, from concept design to Rhino modeling. Project Tianjun Shopping Mall Plaza, Guangzhou (under construction) • Led by Somkiet Chokvijitkul [Boyd], focused on dog park and plaza. In charge of Schematic Design, paving test in grasshopper and pavilion design. Project MixC, Shantou (under construction) • Led by Touchapon Suntrajan [Josh], engaged in pavement design, pavilion design and space research.
2019.03-2019.05
Remix Studio, Beijing Architecture Intern
Design Principle Chen Chen Project dif-fused (on-site) • Engaged in courtyard and rooftop of the traditional building design. In charge of physical models, Rhino modeling and vegetation design. Project Link-ed(u): Futian high-school campus (in progress) • In charge of the research and study about resilient landscape in campus.
2017.07-2017.09
Guangmu Landscape Design, Shanghai Landscape Architecture Intern
• Engaged in the commercial landscape and real estate landscape. In charge of preliminary study, concept scheme, modeling, diagrams, masterplan, rendering
THANKS RONGQING LIU 2015-2021 SELECETED WORK rongqingliu@gsd.harvard.edu rongqingliu0304@gmail.com