Indonesia Rattan Innovation Center
PIRNAS Pusat Inovasi Rotan Nasional
2015
Rattan is a naturally renewable palm that grows in the tropical regions such as Indonesia. This plant continues to be an invaluable part of rural people livelihoods.
Transforming Rain Forest to Innovative Products
I
ndonesia is well known as the contributor to 90% of the world’s rattan supply. It is identified that most rattan species (more than 500 types) grow in Indonesia. According to the rattan trading, it has shown significantly increasing the community and country income. The potential of developing rattan products as one of non-timber forest commodity are commercially prospective but nowadays still faced with various problems that need attention and development through research and comprehensive assessment. We have identified related problems regarding material assessment which required attention in the field of research and development: potential and productivity types, uniqueness of material characteristics, quality level, physiology, genetics, ecology, cultivation techniques, and diversification of industrial items and trade (domestic and export). In the last decade, the main problem facing the rattan trade is declining production of frequent kind of rattan; quality of the product (semi-finished rattan and finished goods) is still low; and design and ergonomic (comfortable and beauty in appearance) rattan goods have not been able to compete in the global market. The ex-Trade Minister Gita Wirjawan had officially signed a ministerial decree banning the export of rattan raw materials in 2011. We believe this is a very appropriate moment to improve rattan products in the country to increase revenue for industries. The efforts to increase the number of rattan products should be followed by the increase of the quality and competitiveness of rattan products itself. Therefore, the necessity of conducting research and studies to improve the quality and competitiveness of rattan products,
especially the quality of raw materials in order to improve product design and ergonomics is totally needed. The existence of the National Rattan Innovation Center (PIRNAS) is considered strategical and important in the enhancement of research, development and a comprehensive assessment of rattan products. Therefore, PIRNAS is responsible for carrying out the assessment and development of rattan goods from cultivation, processing of raw materials, development and application of proper production technology (furniture and non-furniture), improved end products, as well as the marketing of sustainable products and sustainable rattan. As part of a government institution, PIRNAS carries out the vision of becoming a center of rattan innovation (research, product design, training and quality testing) in supporting related stakeholders and industries. In order to realize the vision, PIRNas cooperates with the leading institution which is Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), University of Tadulako (UNTAD) and German Innovation Centre (IZL). It is our obligation to inform everyone in our annual catalog what we have achieved so far indicating our consistency in the research and product improvements that can be contributed to national industries growth. I hope this brochure can give useful information that is applicable to be followed up and gain benefit for all.
Palu, November 19, 2014 Prof. DR. H. Andi Tanra Tellu, M.S. Head of PIRNAS 1
Contents
4 8 12 22 40 42 46 62 77
Rattan is a Palm Indonesian Rattan in the History of Design Pirnas Design Development A New Chapter of Indonesian Rattan Design Innovations Presentations Pirnas Collections Contact
Shanggam, by Mutia Diah Pratiwi
3
Rattan is a palm (Calamus). The porous structure has a low density. When heated, it is elastic and can be bent very well.
4
From the rainforest to become a product, rattan goes to different levels of process. It is important to choose the suitable rattan material for production. The most common method to sort rattan is by species, diameter, quality, condition and appearance of the rods. Also the dryness and treatment for insect repellent.
5
Rattan products become more popular because of their beauty, freshness and endurance
Green Furniture Issue as an effort to reduce the negative effect of global warming can make an opportunity to rattan goods for positive effect towards environmental sustainability. Rattan product industries are a processing industry based on sustainable resources from responsible forestry and plantation. As a Green industry, the sustainable rattan production could create more income, improve livelihoods and keep forest healthy. Rattan products become more popular because of their beauty, freshness and endur6
ance. Investment in rattan industry in Indonesia is very promising because of several factors that become advantages for developing rattan business and innovative design development, such as the availability of raw material, skilled and developed men powers, competitive labor wage, the availability of processing material and component’s good accessibility to export large market opportunity in both domestic and international, unique handmade furniture and supported by infrastructures and facility transportation.
7
Indonesian Rattan in the History of Design People of Palopo, Celebes Island collected rattan from the forest (www.tropenmuseum.com)
Peacock Chair or Java Stool was the ubiquitous piece of wicker furniture which has been developed during British Empire period.
English East India Company traded rattan in bundles brought from Batavia (Indonesia) to Hiroda, Japan. This item was then forwarded to China for rope industry purpose.
1615
1800
Dutch Colonial (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) started to trade rattan from Borneo and Celebes Island, Indonesia and brought to European market. Basket weaving was the ultimate achievement in product design at the moment. Diamond shape became the milestone of weaving style in the 19th century
In the Victorian Era, British developed the most popular rattan furniture with the sense of Neo Classic Style achievement in product design at the moment.
1820
American furniture maker, Gustav Stickley, improved the shape of wicker furniture to be more simple and reduce unnecessary ornaments in some parts. Armrest is an important part to expose.
1900
1850
America developed classic style of rattan furniture and started to protect into patent of its inventions technique. It was easy to identify that furniture showed a lot of ornaments in many sides.
1920
Lifestyle in Europe influenced to the situation in East India that showed by its furniture style as a representation of design movement in the era of 1920’s.
American Wicker: Woven Furniture from 1850 to1930. Renwick Gallery of the NatioÂnal Museum of American Art The Dutchmen tea planter in West Java furnished his villa with unpeeled rattan living set (www.tropenmuseum.com)
8
The shape of Deck Chair is a representation of Modern Style and still popular until today
The legendary Deck Chair designed by Scandinavian designer, Kaare Klint, was introduced. This chair applied rattan as seat cane and kapook for the pillow, materials that he found when visited Semarang, Indonesia.
1933
1940
During World War II, Sika Company in Denmark has developed the set of modern style rattan furniture which constructed by the rattan poles.
3-legged rattan “Rana Chair� by Nana Dietzel
www.tropenmuseum.com
Mostly the characteristics of Imam’s design was influenced by Danish cabinet maker style.
Small scale enterprises in Trangsan, Central Java started to produce furniture and basket to cover local market.
Imam Buchori led the Indonesian Rattan Furniture Design in the cooperation with Kamal Furniture, Jakarta.
1960
1973
The 1st formal rattan design training was held in industrial area in Cirebon, West Java. Prof. Imam Buchori from Design Department, Institute Technology of Bandung, introduced the fundamental concept of rattan furniture design development.
1976
1980
Gentong Set (designed by Isamu Kenmochi, Japan) and Papasan Chair become the most popular style of furniture and sold until today.
The result of training was exhibited for the first time at Taman Ismail Marzuki, Jakarta, capital city of Indonesia
9
Bar Stool, the first design project during early establishment of Yamakawa Company in Yamakawa office studio at Bentani Hotel, Cirebon
Folding chair by Andar Bagus Sriwarno (registration number ID 0000 343)
Flower of Tanjung by Alvin Tjitrowirjo (top), Lukis Chair by Abie Abdillah (right)
Yuzuru Yamakawa moved his rattan furniture business from Tokyo, Japan to Cirebon, Indonesia.
1989
After the regulation of design protection was launched by the government in 2000, the first registered rattan furniture was published.
2002
1990
This era was the golden age of rattan business in Cirebon, Indonesia due to the ban of raw material export. The demand of global rattan furniture increased significantly. In the mid 90’s, other fiber materials were introduced.
The golden year of the rising of young designers. Government held design competitions to encourage young designer for expressing the new idea into rattan furniture.
2004
2003
Aida Rattan, rattan manufacture company from Germany, colored Indonesian furniture design with the taste of premium class consumer by inviting local designers to contribute innovative design.
Whale Chair, designed by Yos S. Theosabrata The increase of global demand of rattan items shifted the situation of local socio-culture from agriculture to industrial society in Cirebon
10
The banner of Indonesia Rattan Furniture Pavilion was flagged in IMM Cologne Furniture Fair. This event tried to restore Indonesian Rattan Furniture through world class exhibitions.
2008
2007
Indonesia Rattan Design Center was formed in Cirebon. The mission is to encourage local resources creating Indonesian-look rattan design that have competitive advantages in global market.
The new approach of material improvement opens the new horizon of rattan furniture concept
Prof. Andi Tanra Tellu, M.S. is the leading expert in material science of rattan from Tadulako University, Sulawesi
Indonesia Furniture Design Award inaugurated Chic Rocha Lounge designed by Mutia Diah Pratiwi as the first winner. Yamakawa Rattan Company produced the prototype.
Indonesia Rattan Innovation Center was established. The demands of research in the area of rattan resources put into the decision to place the research center in Palu, Central Sulawesi.
2011
2013
2010
Due to the issue of material crisis, the use of split rattan was invented by Anastasia Sulemantoro. The invention showed the advantages of construction that proved to be lightweight and strong.
2012
Young designers were invited to conduct a design joint development with industries in the program of Rattan Design Development. Design experts from Innovation Center Germany shared their experience to the participants.
The second workshop of design involved sample makers and designers in the collaboration project of design. Also participants were invited to visit rattan plantation as a part of process to understand material resources.
2014
2015
World of Indonesian Rattan Design Forum endorsed by Indonesia Pavilion. The aim of the program is to create a progressive image of Indonesian Rattan Furniture Worldwide.
This invention was chosen as the best innovation technique in the event of Indonesia Good Design Selection
Laminated rattan board was invented as a response to get a wide span of board made of rattan. This invention is now fabricated in Palu, Central Sulawesi and has been already applied into furniture. This techniques of lamination was invented by Dody Mulyadi
11
Indonesia Rattan Innovation Center
PIRNAS Pusat Inovasi Rotan Nasional
12
13
14
Building and Facilities Located in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Kalimantan Sulawesi
Sumatra
Maluku Islands Western New Guinea
Java
Jakarta – Capital of Indonesia Palu – Capital of Central Sulawesi Distance: 982 miles / 1,581 km
Lesser Sunda Islands
In the present day, rattan natural resources and rattan production centers are far away from each other. The production centers are mainly in Java Island while the natural resources come from the other islands such as Sulawesi. Long transportation routes are increasing the costs without adding any value to the later finished product. This immense traffic flow could be avoided in the future when rattan center is surrounded by related industries in Sulawesi Island. PIRNAS (Pusat Inovasi Rotan Nasional) or Indonesia Rattan Innovation Center was established in 2012 and is
located in Palu City (Capital of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia). The objective of PIRNAS is supporting national rattan industries by proper inventions and sophisticated product design to meet global market taste. PIRNAS is supported by the leading universities (Institute of Technology Bandung and Tadulako University), rattan industries, and related associations. As a government institution, PIRNAS is organized by Directorate General for Regional Industry Development, Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia. 15
16
17
18
Mechanical Property Simulation PIRNAS is equipped with proper technology and knowledge to develop materials such as rattan and other organic materials. Strength property test is conducted to investigate the flexibility of rattan and other derivative items (laminated rattan) in responding to the compressive strength that parallel to grain. In the laboratory test, the specimen showed the significant respond that tend to be straight back after force bending. This result suggests that laminated rattan is an appropriate material to be applied as structure that stands on unstable soil when extreme vibration occurrs. 19
20
21
22
Design Development 23
Program Overview Since 2013 PIRNAS has conducted a partnership with IZL (Innovationszentrum Lichtenfels Germany) to manage professionalism and qualification of all parties involved, the chain of added value in rattan and how to create rattan products for the international market. The first program is the Rattan Design Development (RDD) Workshop. 18 Indonesian young designers were gathered and explored the material’s characteristics to create new design out of the existing rattan furniture that we have known before by learning many areas as follows : • From vision to ideas – how to generate ideas • Experiments with rattan in development facilities • From idea to prototype – necessary steps of development • From prototype to series production – knowledge of material and details, new material combinations, etc.
24
25
Team Teaching
Prof. Jan Armgardt & Prof. Auwi St端bbe Innovationszentrum Lichtenfels Germany
26
Creativity, Uniqueness and Innovations
Some selected Indonesian talented designers were gathered in a workshop to explore the exotic materials of rattan. The result is a brand new look of rattan furnitures. The program is conducted in collaboration with Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB) and University of Tadulako.
27
Product Design Development 1 AIDA Rattan, Cirebon June 2013
Organic Form The most commercial value of rattan part are rods. This part is elastic, spongy and strong in nature. Combining with high artistic creativity, design will be able to contribute to the provision of artistic household utensils.
28
29
30
Rattan has relatively high strength so as to be able to be used as material for the structure of furniture by bending its rods.
31
32
Product Design Development 2 PIRNAS Building, Palu March 2014
33
34
Field Trip to Rattan Cultivation Center Walatana, Central Sulawesi
35
36
Product Design Development 3 Pradipta Rattan, Bandung October 2014
37
38
Knowledge Transfer Julian Reuter & Peter Kraft as representatives from IZL shared their technical skills about workshop quality improvement to craftmens during summer 2014.
39
A new Chapter of Indonesian Rattan Design Written by Gita Hastarika from 332lab
“This is actually the first time I designed something out of rattan.”
S
aid most of the participants of the first Rattan Design Development Workshop held in Cirebon, June 2013. This workshop was conducted by PIRNAS (Pusat Inovasi Rotan Nasional / Indonesian Rattan Innovation Center), one of the programs organized by Indonesian Ministry of Industry. Participating in this workshop are 18 selected young Indonesian designers. The objective is to explore the material’s characteristic to create new design. It is a pity that most of Indonesian designers are more familiar with other materials such as wood, plastic, metal, or other material but our own natural rattan. According to Abie Abdillah, rattan was not formally introduced during his college time in Product Design major in ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung). So he had to struggle him40
self studying his passion about rattan material. One time during an excursion to Yamakawa Rattan factory in Cirebon, he met Yuzuru Yamakawa (1933–2012). “If you want to be a famous Indonesian designer, be a rattan designer.” A quote by Yamakawa-san himself that inspires Abie to this day, also inspires a lot of other young designers such as Anastasia Sulemantoro and Denny Priyatna who gain some acknowledgement from their rattan products. Even so, rattan is still known for its bad reputation: old fashioned cheap material that easily breaks. This image was formed because of the bad quality of rattan products that were flooding the market. However, during the 70’s there was Kamal Furniture, an exclusive Indonesian rattan
brand for its era. Kamal Furniture was founded by five siblings: Hassan Taufiq Kamal, Muhammad Sholeh, Ahmad Badawi, Muhammad Jalal, and Muhammad Farouk, also Imam Buchori Zaenuddin as the designer. Their products were one of the best at that time. With a strong influence of Scandinavian design style brought by Prof. Imam Buchori, Kamal Furniture was successfully sold in both local and international market. Because of the good product quality, Kamal Furniture became the partner and manufacturer for other big international brands such as Yamakawa. Before Yamakawa opened a factory in Cirebon they were manufacturing their products by Kamal Furniture. After the golden era of Kamal Furniture, it was as if rattan designer no longer exist in Indonesia. During the late 90’s foreign rattan companies started to open their own factories in Indonesia, especially in Cirebon. Local companies were struggling to survive because they didn’t have any design resources, no new design. So what they did was to make the same design for cheaper price, hence a low quality product. Luckily, now the government starts to realize the importance of design to support the life of Indonesian rattan. Design competitions, workshops in design and quality, and other events start to take place targeting young designers and rattan industries. A lot of aspects support the needs of Indonesian rattan revival, from national economic growth to the issue of green sustainable material. While bamboo material is available elsewhere in the world and also needs advanced technology in processing, 85% of the world’s stock of rattan plant grows in Indonesia. Globalization also encourages designers to have a self-branding, to have an identity. Alvin Tjitrowirjo, for example, is a successful Indonesian designer that associates himself as a rattan designer. Meanwhile other names such as Abie Abdillah,
Anastasia Sulemantoro, Denny Priyatna, Bayu Edward or Debrina Syafei have become wellknown as rattan designers from Indonesia. Some of them have gained recognition from winning international competition with their rattan products. Also a new opportunity has opened to the local designers by rattan manufacturers that want to create new design. Aida Rattan for example is a large scale industry which is now open for young designers to collaborate. Kurt Schütz, the owner of Aida Rattan, said he is happy to be a part in a new chapter of Indonesian rattan design. As a German native, grown up in rattan culture, he knows that the future of rattan industry in his country is finished. Now the rattan industry is returning to its original core resources, Indonesia. This statement is also a reaction to Indonesia’s government decision to forbid the export of rattan raw material. Local Indonesian market is also very promising now because nobody understands Indonesian taste better than Indonesian designers. The existence of PIRNAS and the workshop in Cirebon is one of the examples of the government’s effort towards bringing Indonesian rattan to the golden era again – from Indonesia to the world. The Ministry of Industry also signed a cooperation with IZL (Innovationszentrum Lichtenfels / Innovation Center in Lichtenfels), Germany, providing Prof. Auwi Stübbe and Jan Armgardt as our mentors in the workshop. The result of the program starts to be seen. By the end of the workshop, young designers that were given the chance to ‘play’ with rattan material generated a lot of new interesting design ideas. The participants are happy and develop interest in the magical rattan material. The industries are also excited with the workshop results, seeing a lot of potentials in the new design education. 41
42
Innovations
Strips and Bent Although ordinary rattan is formed in round shape, by using certain cutting tools, polished rattan pole can be cut into strips and bent into extreme curves without any tracks. This method can increase the new look of rattan in comparison to round ones.
Designer: Dody Mulyadi
Lamber
Patent Registered : S00201200061 Laminated Bent Rattan (LAMBER) is one of our inventions that will change the industrial culture of rattan processing. Similar to the process of producing laminated wood veneer, rattan poles are cut to square shapes. After certain treatments, square rattans are bonded together with non-toxic glue and pressed by a machine. This invention has been registered in 2012.
Designer: Dody Mulyadi
43
Innovations Half Pole Structure
Patent Registered: S00201200259
Many industries often avoid using rattan of more than 40 mm diameter in their furniture structures, because bending that size is requiring more efforts. It is costly and there is the risk of breaking. This invention tries to solve this problem by splitting the whole diameter into half. The resulting half pole can be bent easily without any further effort. This invention has been registered in 2012 and shows the advantages of lighter and stronger structures. Designer: Anastasia Sulemantoro
Hybrid Material “Baron� is an abbreviation for Bambu Rotan (Bamboo Rattan), representing the main materials used for the chair. The combination of these (hybrid) materials, applied to a single product, is an answer to environmental issues, by designing special production processes: coiling technique for bamboo stripes to produce a seat and bending technique to rattan lines to produce the chair’s structure and legs frames. The furniture style is especially designed as a stool.
Designer: Andar Bagus Sriwarno
44
Old Fashion Knock-down System Interconnection components are one of our concerns: the development of proper rattan joints reduces the use of metal jointer such as nails or screws. The invented system comprises sliced rattan skin to be used as rattan pole holder. The the edges are locked with rattan rings. Designer: Dody Mulyadi
Rattan Block Box Framing Like timber, laminated rattan blocks can be built into a solid frame to replace the use of wood in some constructions. Massive beams can be connected with common joints (tenon and mortise joints) or knock down joint systems. Rattan block is lightweight. As a consequence this structure is easy to assemble and to transport.
Designer: Dody Mulyadi
45
46
Presentations
47
IHFC in High Point Market, NC, USA is the largest home furnishing industry trade show in the world and becomes one of the global barometer of design trends. The market holds two major shows each year, April and October. 48
International Home Furnishing Center (IHFC) High Point Market North Carolina, USA, 2013
49
International Furniture Fair (imm cologne) Cologne, Germany, 2013
50
IMM is the annual international furniture exhibition, one of Europe’s oldest and largest contemporary furniture fairs that held in every winter each year. This fair fully open up the expression of all design desires from all countries.
51
52
International Furniture Fair (imm cologne) Cologne, Germany, 2014
53
Workshop at imm 2014 Cologne, Germany, 2014
“Bringing people close to rattan�
54
55
56
China International Furniture Expo (CIFE) Shanghai, 2014
Furniture Expo China 2014 was successfully concluded in Shanghai on 9–12 September, 2014 at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre. This year’s exhibition attracted 62,387 visitors from 147 countries and regions (including 15,028 from overseas). Furniture Expo China is a professional international furniture exhibition with an excellent reputation for more than 16 years, launched in 1993. 57
Initation of Cooperation with INBAR (International Network of Bamboo & Rattan) and ICBR (International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan) of China 2014
58
59
International Furniture & Craft Fair Indonesia (IFFINA) Jakarta, 2013
60
Indonesia International Furniture Expo (IFEX) Jakarta, 2014
The first edition of IFEX had over 400 exhibiting companies from 13 countries and attracted 6,113 buyers. Right from the start, IFEX has established itself as one of the most important furniture exhibitions in Asia. Indonesia has abundant supplies of raw materials for furniture making, such
as woods and rattan, a large and skilled labour force, and a rich tradition of craftsmanship and design. It is well positioned to supply the world market with high-quality furniture items to suite all tastes and budgets.
61
62
PIRNAS Collections 63
2013
Rainbow Designer: Dodi Mulyadi Material: Rattan pole & rattan strip
Bench
Designer: Dodi Mulyadi Material: Rattan strip & Laminated rattan board
64
Console Table Designer: Dodi Mulyadi Material: Half pole rattan
Cross
Designer: Andar Bagus S Material: Half pole rattan & rattan strip
65
2014
Crown Set Designer: Andar Bagus Sriwarno Material: Unpeeled tohiti rattan pole
Becak Set
Designer: Abie Abdillah Material: Rattan pole structure & weaving
66
Saku Series Designer: Anastasia Sulemantoro Material: Rattan pole
Continuing the split rattan experiment, now as a storage unit and home accessories.
67
2014
Cantilever Designer: Gunawan Material: Unpeeled tohiti & rattan core 68
Baron Stool Designer: Andar Bagus Sriwarno Material: Bamboo coiling & rattan pole
Tobu Daybed Designer: Adly Mochammad Fadly Material: Alumunium frame & rattan core
69
2014 Orion Chair Designer: Dhanista Dyaksa Material: Rattan pole & rattan peel weaving
Ubenk
Designer: Harnandito Paramadharma Material: Rattan pole & rattan core
70
Yogie Chair Designer: Yogie Candra Bhumi Material: Iron rod & rattan core
Tail of Murai Designer: Arif Rivai Material: Rattan pole & rattan core
71
2014
Loopy Loop Designer: Fathin Naufal Material: Rattan pole & rattan core
72
Kecebong Designer: Muhammad Fauzi Material: Rattan pole & rattan core
Dad & Son Designer: Kuncup Putih Kusumadhata Material: Rattan pole & rattan core
73
2014
Twisted Chair Designer: Andar Bagus Sriwarno Material: Rattan Pole
74
People Behind
DR. Ir. Imam Haryono, M.Sc
Ir. Achmad Sigit Dwiwahjono, M.PP
Adie Rochmanto Pandiangan, ST, MM
Prof. DR. H. Andi Tanra Tellu, M.S.
Director General of Industrial Region Development
Director of Industrial Facilitation Development for Region III
Sub Director of Industrial Estate for Region III
Head of Pirnas
Abie Abdillah, S.Ds
Drs. Dodi Mulyadi
Vice Chairman of Pirnas
Technology Advisor
Andar Bagus Sriwarno, PhD
Anastasia Sulemantoro, S.Ds
Design Supervisor
Designer
Jermia Tapussa
Asep Tripurusa, S.Ds
Kamardin, ST
Secretary
Design Director
Production & prototyping
75
Partners
76
Contact Prof. Dr. H. A. Tanra Tellu, M.S. Head of PIRNAS PIRNAS (Pusat Inovasi Rotan Nasional) Kawasan Industri Kota Palu Jl. Saile, Kec. Tawaeli, Kel. Baiya Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia Phone: +62 813 42703727 E-Mail: contact@pirnas.kemenperin.go.id Website: http://pirnas.kemenperin.go.id
Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Industrial Region Development Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kav. 52-53, FL. 14th Jakarta 12950 - INDONESIA Phone: (62-21) 525 2677 Fax: (62-21) 525 2677
Copyright Š 2015 by PIRNAS All rights reserved. The information, images, and/or data contained in this catalogue is copyrighted by PIRNAS (Indonesia Rattan Innovation Center) under the Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia and may not be distributed, modified, reproduced in whole or in part without the prior, handwritten and signed consent from the authorities from PIRNAS. Printed in Germany 77