MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS by Rothoblaas

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS 2023 - 2025 TRANSITION

CONTENTS SCREWS AND TIPS TRANSITION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS COMPARING TIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CALCULATED VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 PARTIAL THREAD SCREWS TIMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 STEEL-TO-TIMBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

FULLY THREADED SCREW TIMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR AXIAL STRESSES COMPARING TIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CALCULATED VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR CROSSED CONNECTORS COMPARING TIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 CALCULATED VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

LEGEND standard tip SHARP 1 CUT

tip 3 THORNS

tip SELF-DRILLING

type RBN / RBN2

type RB3T

type RBSD

(in gradual transition to 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING)

(available from spring 2024)

The complete replacement of the 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING tips will take place by 2025. For information on the availability of codes for screws with specific tips, please contact your Sales technician.

Rotho Blaas Srl does not guarantee the legal and/or design conformity of data and calculations, as Rotho Blass provides indicative tools such as technical-commercial service within the sales activity. Rotho Blaas Srl follows a policy of continuous development of its products, thereby reserving the right to modify their characteristics, technical specifications and other documentation without notice. The user or the designer are responsible to verify, at each use, the conformity of the data to the regulations in force and to the project. The ultimate responsibility for choosing the appropriate product for a specific application lies with the user/designer. The values resulting from "experimental investigations" are based on the actual test results and valid only for the test conditions specified. Rotho Blaas Srl does not guarantee and in no case can be held responsible for damages, losses and costs or other consequences, for any reason (warranty for defects, warranty for malfunction, product or legal responsibility, etc.) deriving from the use or inability to use the products for any purpose; from non-conforming use of the product; Rotho Blaas Srl is not liable in any way for any errors in printing and/or typing. In the event of differences between the contents of the catalogue versions in the various languages, the Italian text is binding and takes precedence with respect to the translations. The latest version of the data sheets available can be found on the Rotho Blaas website. Pictures are partially completed with accessories not included. Images are for illustration purposes only. The use of third party logos and trademarks in this catalogue is subject to the terms and conditions set out in the general conditions of purchase, unless otherwise agreed with the supplier. Packaged quantities may vary. This document is private property of Rotho Blaas Srl and may not be copied, reproduced or published, totally or in part, without prior written consent. All violations will be prosecuted according to law. The general purchase and sale conditions of Rotho Blaas Srl are available on the website www.rothoblaas.com All rights reserved. Copyright © 2023 by Rotho Blaas Srl All renderings © Rotho Blaas Srl

SCREWS AND TIPS TRANSITION 2023

dxL

2024/2025

PARTIALLY THREADED - COUNTERSUNK HEAD SHS

all

SHS AISI410

all

HBS

all

HBS EVO

all

TBS

all

TBS MAX

all

TBS EVO

all

HBS PLATE

all

HBS PLATE EVO

all

KKF

all

PARTIALLY THREADED - FLANGE HEAD

PARTIAL THREAD - PLATE FASTENING

FULLY THREADED - CYLINDRICAL HEAD Ø7 Ø9 L ≤ 520 VGZ

Ø9 L > 520 Ø11 L ≤ 600 Ø11 L > 600

VGZ EVO

all

FULLY THREADED - COUNTERSUNK HEAD Ø9 L ≤ 520 Ø9 L > 520 Ø11 L ≤ 600 VGS

(*)

Ø11 L > 600

(*)

Ø13 L ≤ 600

(*)

Ø13 L > 600 Ø15

(*)

Ø9 Ø11 VGS EVO Ø13 L ≤ 600 Ø13 L > 600

(*)

DOUBLE THREAD - CYLINDRICAL HEAD DGZ

all (*)SHARP SAW NIBS tip (type RBSN)

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 3

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | TIMBER COMPARISON TIPS: SHARP 1 CUT, 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

12∙d

10∙d

5∙d

a3,t

15∙d

a3,t

10∙d

a3,c

10∙d

a3,c

10∙d

a4,t

5∙d

a4,t

10∙d

a4,c

5∙d

a4,c

5∙d

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

15∙d

α=90°

15∙d

7∙d

5∙d

7∙d

5∙d

a3,t

20∙d

a3,t

15∙d

10∙d

a3,c

15∙d

a3,c

15∙d

10∙d

a4,t

7∙d

a4,t

12∙d

10∙d

a4,c

7∙d

a4,c

7∙d

5∙d

4∙d

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

5∙d

α=90°

3∙d

4∙d

a3,t

12∙d

a3,t

7∙d

a3,c

7∙d

a3,c

7∙d

a4,t

3∙d

a4,t

7∙d

a4,c

3∙d

a4,c

3∙d

stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

a4,c

a3,c

NOTE: see page 5. LEGEND standard tip SHARP 1 CUT

tip 3 THORNS

tip SELF-DRILLING

type RBN / RBN2

type RB3T

type RBSD

(in gradual transition to 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING)

(available from spring 2024)

4 | MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | STEEL-TO-TIMBER COMPARISON TIPS: SHARP 1 CUT, 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

12·d·0,7

10·d·0,7

5·d·0,7

a3,t

15∙d

a3,t

10∙d

a3,c

10∙d

a3,c

10∙d

a4,t

5∙d

a4,t

10∙d

a4,c

5∙d

a4,c

5∙d

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

15·d·0,7

α=90°

7·d·0,7

a3,t

20∙d

a3,t

15∙d

10∙d

a3,c

15∙d

a3,c

15∙d

10∙d

a4,t

7∙d

a4,t

12∙d

10∙d

a4,c

7∙d

a4,c

7∙d

5∙d

4·d·0,7

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

5·d·0,7

3·d·0,7

4·d·0,7

a3,t

12∙d

a3,t

7∙d

a3,c

7∙d

a3,c

7∙d

a4,t

3∙d

a4,t

7∙d

a4,c

3∙d

a4,c

3∙d

stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

F a4,c

a3,c

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030. • The minimum distances are valid for screws with d1 ≥ 5 mm. • The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

• The spacing a1 in the table for screws with standard SHARP 1 CUT tip inserted without pre-drilling hole in timber elements with density ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3 and load-to-grain angle α= 0° was assumed to be 12∙d in accordance with EN 1995:2014.

• The spacing a1 in the table for screws with 3 THORNS tip and SELF-DRILLING tip inserted without pre-drilling hole in timber elements with density ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3 and load-to-grain angle α= 0° was assumed to be 10∙d.

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 5

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | TIMBER SHS - SHS AISI 410 - HBS - HBS EVO TBS - TBS MAX - TBS EVO HBS PLATE - HBS PLATE EVO - KKF

PARTIAL THREAD SCREWS

SHARP 1 CUT

ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d

35 18 53 35 18 18

40 20 60 40 20 20

45 23 68 45 23 23

12∙d 60 5∙d 25 15∙d 75 10∙d 50 5∙d 25 5∙d 25

72 30 90 60 30 30

96 120 144 40 50 60 120 150 180 80 100 120 40 50 60 40 50 60

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 5∙d

18 18 35 35 25 18

20 20 40 40 28 20

23 23 45 45 32 23

α=0° 5

25 25 50 50 50 25

30 30 60 60 60 30

40 50 60 40 50 60 80 100 120 80 100 120 80 100 120 40 50 60

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole F

5∙d 5∙d 10∙d 10∙d 10∙d 5∙d

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 20∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d

53 25 70 53 25 25

60 28 80 60 28 28

68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 90 20∙d 100 120 160 200 240 68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 9∙d [mm] 7∙d

25 25 53 53 32 25

28 28 60 60 36 28

32 32 68 68 41 32

7∙d 7∙d 15∙d 15∙d 12∙d 7∙d

35 35 75 75 60 35

42 42 90 90 72 42

56 70 84 56 70 84 120 150 180 120 150 180 96 120 144 56 70 84

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5∙d [mm] 3∙d [mm] 12∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 3∙d [mm] 3∙d

18 11 42 25 11 11

20 12 48 28 12 12

23 14 54 32 14 14

5∙d 3∙d 12∙d 7∙d 3∙d 3∙d

[mm]

25 15 60 35 15 15

30 18 72 42 18 18

40 24 96 56 24 24

50 60 30 36 120 144 70 84 30 36 30 36

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

4∙d 4∙d 7∙d 7∙d 5∙d 3∙d

α=90°

3,5

4,5

14 14 25 25 18 11

16 16 28 28 20 12

18 18 32 32 23 14

4∙d 4∙d 7∙d 7∙d 7∙d 3∙d

20 20 35 35 35 15

24 24 42 42 42 18

32 32 56 56 56 24

40 40 70 70 70 30

48 48 84 84 84 36

α = load-to-grain angle d = d1 = nominal screw diameter stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

F a4,c

a3,c

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030. • The minimum spacing for all panel-to-timber connections (a1 , a2) can be multiplied by a coefficient of 0,85. • In the case of joints with elements in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), the minimum spacing and distances parallel to the grain must be multiplied by a coefficient of 1.5. • The distances in the table refer to screws with standard SHARP 1 CUT tip.

6 | MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS

• The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | TIMBER SHS - SHS AISI 410 - HBS - HBS EVO TBS - TBS MAX - TBS EVO - TBS FRAME HBS PLATE - HBS PLATE EVO - KKF

PARTIAL THREAD SCREWS

3 THORNS

ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d

35 18 53 35 18 18

40 20 60 40 20 20

45 10∙d 50 23 5∙d 25 68 15∙d 75 45 10∙d 50 23 5∙d 25 23 5∙d 25

60 30 90 60 30 30

80 100 120 40 50 60 120 150 180 80 100 120 40 50 60 40 50 60

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 5∙d

18 18 35 35 25 18

20 20 40 40 28 20

23 23 45 45 32 23

α=0° 5

25 25 50 50 50 25

30 30 60 60 60 30

40 50 60 40 50 60 80 100 120 80 100 120 80 100 120 40 50 60

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole F

5∙d 5∙d 10∙d 10∙d 10∙d 5∙d

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 20∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d

53 25 70 53 25 25

60 28 80 60 28 28

68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 90 20∙d 100 120 160 200 240 68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 9∙d [mm] 7∙d

25 25 53 53 32 25

28 28 60 60 36 28

32 32 68 68 41 32

7∙d 7∙d 15∙d 15∙d 12∙d 7∙d

35 35 75 75 60 35

42 42 90 90 72 42

56 70 84 56 70 84 120 150 180 120 150 180 96 120 144 56 70 84

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5∙d [mm] 3∙d [mm] 12∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 3∙d [mm] 3∙d

18 11 42 25 11 11

20 12 48 28 12 12

23 14 54 32 14 14

5∙d 3∙d 12∙d 7∙d 3∙d 3∙d

[mm]

25 15 60 35 15 15

30 18 72 42 18 18

40 24 96 56 24 24

50 60 30 36 120 144 70 84 30 36 30 36

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

4∙d 4∙d 7∙d 7∙d 5∙d 3∙d

α=90°

3,5

4,5

14 14 25 25 18 11

16 16 28 28 20 12

18 18 32 32 23 14

4∙d 4∙d 7∙d 7∙d 7∙d 3∙d

20 20 35 35 35 15

24 24 42 42 42 18

32 32 56 56 56 24

40 40 70 70 70 30

48 48 84 84 84 36

α = load-to-grain angle d = d1 = nominal screw diameter stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

F a4,c

a3,c

• The spacing a1 for screws inserted without pre-drilling hole in timber elements with density ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3 and load-to-grain angle α=0° was assumed to be 10∙d. • The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

• The distances in the table refer to screws with 3 THORNS tip.

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 7

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | STEEL-TO-TIMBER HBS - HBS EVO HBS PLATE - HBS PLATE EVO - KKF

PARTIAL THREAD SCREWS

SHARP 1 CUT

ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

3,5

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 10·d·0,7 [mm] 5·d·0,7 [mm] 15∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d

25 12 53 35 18 18

28 14 60 40 20 20

32 12·d·0,7 42 50 67 84 101 16 5·d·0,7 18 21 28 35 42 68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 45 10∙d 50 60 80 100 120 23 5∙d 25 30 40 50 60 23 5∙d 25 30 40 50 60

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5·d·0,7 12 14 16 5·d·0,7 18 21 28 35 42 [mm] 5·d·0,7 12 14 16 5·d·0,7 18 21 28 35 42 [mm] 10∙d 35 40 45 10∙d 50 60 80 100 120 [mm] 10∙d 35 40 45 10∙d 50 60 80 100 120 [mm] 7∙d 25 28 32 10∙d 50 60 80 100 120 [mm] 5∙d 18 20 23 5∙d 25 30 40 50 60

4,5

α=0° 5

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole F

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 15·d·0,7 [mm] 7·d·0,7 [mm] 20∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d

37 17 70 53 25 25

42 20 80 60 28 28

47 15·d·0,7 53 63 84 105 126 22 7·d·0,7 25 29 39 49 59 90 20∙d 100 120 160 200 240 68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 7·d·0,7 [mm] 7·d·0,7 [mm] 15∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 9∙d [mm] 7∙d

17 17 53 53 32 25

20 20 60 60 36 28

22 22 68 68 41 32

7·d·0,7 25 29 39 49 59 7·d·0,7 25 29 39 49 59 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 12∙d 60 72 96 120 144 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

3,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5·d·0,7 12 14 [mm] 3·d·0,7 7 8 [mm] 12∙d 42 48 [mm] 7∙d 25 28 [mm] 3∙d 11 12 [mm] 3∙d 11 12

4,5

3,5

α=90°

[mm]

4,5

16 5·d·0,7 18 21 28 35 42 9 3·d·0,7 11 13 17 21 25 54 12∙d 60 72 96 120 144 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 14 3∙d 15 18 24 30 36 14 3∙d 15 18 24 30 36

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 4·d·0,7 10 11 13 4·d·0,7 14 17 22 28 [mm] 4·d·0,7 10 11 13 4·d·0,7 14 17 22 28 [mm] 7∙d 25 28 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 [mm] 7∙d 25 28 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 [mm] 5∙d 18 20 23 7∙d 35 42 56 70 [mm] 3∙d 11 12 14 3∙d 15 18 24 30

34 34 84 84 84 36

α = load-to-grain angle d = d1 = nominal screw diameter stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

F a4,c

a3,c

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030. • In the case of joints with elements in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), the minimum spacing and distances parallel to the grain must be multiplied by a coefficient of 1.5. • The distances in the table refer to screws with standard SHARP 1 CUT tip.

8 | MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS

• The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | STEEL-TO-TIMBER HBS - HBS EVO HBS PLATE - HBS PLATE EVO - KKF

PARTIAL THREAD SCREWS

3 THORNS

ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 10·d·0,7 [mm] 5·d·0,7 [mm] 15∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d

25 12 53 35 18 18

28 14 60 40 20 20

32 10·d·0,7 35 16 5·d·0,7 18 68 15∙d 75 45 10∙d 50 23 5∙d 25 23 5∙d 25

3,5

α=90°

[mm]

42 56 70 84 21 28 35 42 90 120 150 180 60 80 100 120 30 40 50 60 30 40 50 60

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

4,5

α=0° 5

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole F

α=90°

[mm]

3,5

4,5

[mm]

3,5

4,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 15·d·0,7 [mm] 7·d·0,7 [mm] 20∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d

37 17 70 53 25 25

42 20 80 60 28 28

47 15·d·0,7 53 63 84 105 126 22 7·d·0,7 25 29 39 49 59 90 20∙d 100 120 160 200 240 68 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 7·d·0,7 [mm] 7·d·0,7 [mm] 15∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 9∙d [mm] 7∙d

17 17 53 53 32 25

20 20 60 60 36 28

22 22 68 68 41 32

7·d·0,7 25 29 39 49 59 7·d·0,7 25 29 39 49 59 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 15∙d 75 90 120 150 180 12∙d 60 72 96 120 144 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

3,5

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5·d·0,7 12 14 [mm] 3·d·0,7 7 8 [mm] 12∙d 42 48 [mm] 7∙d 25 28 [mm] 3∙d 11 12 [mm] 3∙d 11 12

4,5

3,5

α=90°

[mm]

4,5

16 5·d·0,7 18 21 28 35 42 9 3·d·0,7 11 13 17 21 25 54 12∙d 60 72 96 120 144 32 7∙d 35 42 56 70 84 14 3∙d 15 18 24 30 36 14 3∙d 15 18 24 30 36

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

34 34 84 84 84 36

α = load-to-grain angle d = d1 = nominal screw diameter stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

F a4,c

a3,c

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 9

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | TIMBER VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

SHARP 1 CUT

ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

12∙d 5∙d 15∙d 10∙d 5∙d 5∙d

5,3

5,6

[mm]

64 27 80 53 27 27

67 28 84 56 28 28

84 35 105 70 35 35

108 45 135 90 45 45

132 55 165 110 55 55

156 65 195 130 65 65

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

5∙d 5∙d 10∙d 10∙d 10∙d 5∙d

α=90°

5,3

5,6

27 27 53 53 53 27

28 28 56 56 56 28

35 35 70 70 70 35

45 45 90 90 90 45

55 55 110 110 110 55

65 65 130 130 130 65

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

15∙d 7∙d 20∙d 15∙d 7∙d 7∙d

5,3

5,6

[mm]

80 37 106 80 37 37

84 39 112 84 39 39

105 49 140 105 49 49

135 63 180 135 63 63

165 77 220 165 77 77

195 91 260 195 91 91

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

7∙d 7∙d 15∙d 15∙d 12∙d 7∙d

α=90°

5,3

5,6

37 37 80 80 64 37

39 39 84 84 67 39

49 49 105 105 84 49

63 63 135 135 108 63

77 77 165 165 132 77

91 91 195 195 156 91

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

5∙d 3∙d 12∙d 7∙d 3∙d 3∙d

5,3

5,6

[mm]

27 16 64 37 16 16

28 17 67 39 17 17

35 21 84 49 21 21

45 27 108 63 27 27

55 33 132 77 33 33

65 39 156 91 39 39

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

4∙d 4∙d 7∙d 7∙d 7∙d 3∙d

α=90°

5,3

5,6

21 21 37 37 37 16

22 22 39 39 39 17

28 28 49 49 49 21

36 36 63 63 63 27

44 44 77 77 77 33

52 52 91 91 91 39

α = load-to-grain angle d = d1 = nominal screw diameter stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

a4,c

a3,c

10 | MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS

• The distances in the table refer to screws with standard SHARP 1 CUT tip. • The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR SHEAR LOADS | TIMBER 3 THORNS SELF-DRILLING

VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

[mm]

5,3

5,6

[mm]

5,3

5,6

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d

53 27 80 53 27 27

56 28 84 56 28 28

70 35 105 70 35 35

90 45 135 90 45 45

110 55 165 110 55 55

130 65 195 130 65 65

150 75 225 150 75 75

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5∙d [mm] 5∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 10∙d [mm] 5∙d

27 27 53 53 53 27

28 28 56 56 56 28

35 35 70 70 70 35

45 45 90 90 90 45

55 55 110 110 110 55

65 65 130 130 130 65

75 75 150 150 150 75

420 kg/m3 < ρk ≤ 500 kg/m3

screws inserted WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

α=0°

α=90°

[mm]

5,3

5,6

[mm]

5,3

5,6

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 20∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d

80 37 106 80 37 37

84 39 112 84 39 39

105 49 140 105 49 49

135 63 180 135 63 63

165 77 220 165 77 77

195 91 260 195 91 91

225 105 300 225 105 105

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 7∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 15∙d [mm] 12∙d [mm] 7∙d

37 37 80 80 64 37

39 39 84 84 67 39

49 49 105 105 84 49

63 63 135 135 108 63

77 77 165 165 132 77

91 91 195 195 156 91

105 105 225 225 180 105

screws inserted WITH pre-drilled hole

α=0°

[mm]

5,3

5,6

[mm]

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] 5∙d [mm] 3∙d [mm] 12∙d [mm] 7∙d [mm] 3∙d [mm] 3∙d

27 16 64 37 16 16

28 17 67 39 17 17

35 21 84 49 21 21

45 27 108 63 27 27

55 33 132 77 33 33

65 39 156 91 39 39

75 45 180 105 45 45

a1 a2 a3,t a3,c a4,t a4,c

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

4∙d 4∙d 7∙d 7∙d 7∙d 3∙d

α=90°

5,3

5,6

21 21 37 37 37 16

22 22 39 39 39 17

28 28 49 49 49 21

36 36 63 63 63 27

44 44 77 77 77 33

52 52 91 91 91 39

60 60 105 105 105 45

α = load-to-grain angle d = d1 = nominal screw diameter stressed end -90° ≤ α ≤ 90°

a2 a2 a1 a1

unloaded end 90° ≤ α ≤ 270°

F α

α F a3,t

stressed edge 0° ≤ α ≤ 180°

unload edge 180° ≤ α ≤ 360°

α F α

a4,t

F a4,c

a3,c

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030.

• The distances in the table refer to screws with 3 THORNS or SELF-DRILLING tip.

• The minimum spacing for all panel-to-timber connections (a1 , a2) can be multiplied by a coefficient of 0,85.

• The spacing a1 for screws inserted without pre-drilling hole in timber elements with density ρk ≤ 420 kg/m3 and load-to-grain angle α=0° was assumed to be 10∙d.

• In the case of joints with elements in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), the minimum spacing and distances parallel to the grain must be multiplied by a coefficient of 1.5.

• The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 11

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR AXIAL STRESSES | TIMBER COMPARISON TIPS: SHARP 1 CUT, 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

5∙d

a2,LIM

3∙d

a1,CG

10∙d

8∙d

5∙d

a2,CG

4∙d

3∙d

aCROSS

1,5∙d

SCREWS UNDER TENSION INSERTED WITH AN ANGLE α WITH RESPECT TO THE GRAIN

a2,CG a2,CG

a2,CG a2 a2,CG

a2,CG

a2,CG a1,CG

a1,CG

a2,CG a1,CG

plan

front

plan

SCREWS INSERTED WITH α = 90° ANGLE WITH RESPECT TO THE GRAIN

front

CROSSED SCREWS INSERTED WITH AN ANGLE α WITH RESPECT TO THE GRAIN

a2,CG

45°

a2 a2,CG

a2,CG a1,CG

aCROSS a2,CG

a1 a1,CG

plan

front

plan

front

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030.

• The distances in the table a1, CG and a2,CG for SHARP 1 CUT standard tip screws are in accordance with EN 1995:2014.

• The minimum distances are independent of the insertion angle of the connector and the angle of the force with respect to the grain.

• For main beam-secondary beam joints with VGZ screws d = 7 mm with standard SHARP 1 CUT tip inclined or crossed, inserted at an angle of 45° to the secondary beam head, with a minimum secondary beam height of 18 d, the minimum distance a1,CG can be assumed equal to 8∙d1 and the minimum distance a2,CG equal to 3∙d1 .

• The axial distance a2 can be reduced down to a2,LIM if for each connector a “joint surface” a1 a2 = 25 d1 is maintained. • For screws with 3 THORNS tip the minimum distance a1,CG can be assumed to be 8∙d1 and the distance a2,CG to be 3∙d1 . • For screws with SELF-DRILLING tip, the minimum distance a1,CG can be assumed to be 5∙d1 and the distance a2,CG to be 3∙d1 .

• The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL) please see ETA-11/0030.

LEGEND standard tip SHARP 1 CUT

tip 3 THORNS

tip SELF-DRILLING

type RBN / RBN2

type RB3T

type RBSD

(in gradual transition to 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING)

(available from spring 2024)

12 | MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR AXIAL STRESSES | TIMBER VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

SHARP 1 CUT

screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole d1

[mm]

a1 a2 a2,LIM a1,CG a2,CG aCROSS

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

5∙d 5∙d 2,5∙d 10∙d 4∙d 1,5∙d

5,3

5,6

27 27 13 53 21 8

28 28 14 56 22 8

35 35 18 70 28 11

45 45 23 90 36 14

55 55 28 110 44 17

65 65 33 130 52 20

VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

3 THORNS

screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole d1

[mm]

a1 a2 a2,LIM a1,CG a2,CG aCROSS

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

5∙d 5∙d 2,5∙d 8∙d 3∙d 1,5∙d

5,3

5,6

27 27 13 42 16 8

28 28 14 45 17 8

35 35 18 56 21 11

45 45 23 72 27 14

55 55 28 88 33 17

65 65 33 104 39 20

VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

SELF-DRILLING

screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole d1

[mm]

a1 a2 a2,LIM a1,CG a2,CG aCROSS

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

5∙d 5∙d 2,5∙d 5∙d 3∙d 1,5∙d

45 45 23 45 27 14

55 55 28 55 33 17

65 65 33 65 39 20

75 75 38 75 45 23

d = d1 = nominal screw diameter

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030.

• For screws with 3 THORNS tip the minimum distance a1,CG can be assumed to be 8∙d1 and the minimum distance a2,CG to be 3∙d1 .

• The minimum distances are independent of the insertion angle of the connector and the angle of the force with respect to the grain.

• For screws with SELF-DRILLING tip, the minimum distance a1,CG can be assumed to be 5∙d1 and the minimum distance a2,CG to be 3∙d1 .

• The axial distance a2 can be reduced down to a2,LIM if for each connector a “joint surface” a1 a2 = 25 d1 is maintained.

• For screws with RBSN tip the minimum distance a1,CG can be assumed to be 8∙d1 and the minimum distance a2,CG to be 3∙d1 starting from spring 2024.

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 13

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR CROSSED CONNECTORS COMPARISON TIPS: SHARP 1 CUT, 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole

a2,CG

4∙d

3∙d

aCROSS

1,5∙d

3,5∙d

90° 90°

45°

a2,CG a2,CG hNT

aCROSS

aCROSS bNT

a2,CG

bNT

aCROSS a2,CG

90°

section

plan - 1 PAIR

plan - 2 OR MORE PAIRS

SECONDARY BEAM WIDTH

1 PAIR- bNT,min

2·a2,CG + aCROSS

9,5∙d

7,5∙d

2 PAIRS- bNT,min

2·a2,CG + 2·aCROSS + e

14,5∙d

12,5∙d

3 PAIRS- bNT,min

2·a2,CG + 3·aCROSS + 2·e

19,5∙d

17,5∙d

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030.

• For screws with 3 THORNS tip, the minimum distance a2,CG can be assumed to be 3∙d1 .

• The minimum distances are independent of the insertion angle of the connector and the angle of the force with respect to the grain.

• For screws with SELF-DRILLING tip, the minimum distance a2,CG can be assumed to be 3∙d1 .

• The axial distance a2 can be reduced down to a2,LIM if for each connector a “joint surface” a1 a2 = 25 d1 is maintained.

• The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030.

LEGEND standard tip SHARP 1 CUT

tip 3 THORNS

tip SELF-DRILLING

type RBN / RBN2

type RB3T

type RBSD

(in gradual transition to 3 THORNS and SELF-DRILLING)

(available from spring 2024)

14 | MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS

MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR CROSSED CONNECTORS VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

SHARP 1 CUT

screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole d1

[mm]

a2,CG aCROSS e

[mm] [mm] [mm]

[mm]

5,3 4∙d 1,5∙d 3,5∙d

5,6

21 8 19

22 8 20

21( * ) 11 25

36 14 32

44 17 39

52 20 46

5,3

5,6

1 PAIR- bNT,min

[mm]

9,5∙d

53( * )

105

124

2 PAIRS- bNT,min

[mm]

14,5∙d

88( * )

131

160

189

3 PAIRS- bNT,min

[mm]

19,5∙d

103

109

123( * )

176

215

254

VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

3 THORNS

screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole d1

[mm]

5,3

5,6

a2,CG aCROSS e

[mm] [mm] [mm]

16 8 19

17 8 20

21 11 25

27 14 32

33 17 39

39 20 46

[mm]

5,3

5,6

1 PAIR- bNT,min

[mm]

2 PAIRS- bNT,min

[mm]

7,5∙d

12,5∙d

113

138

163

3 PAIRS- bNT,min

[mm]

17,5∙d

123

158

193

228

3∙d 1,5∙d 3,5∙d

VGZ - VGZ EVO VGS - VGS EVO

FULLY THREADED SCREW

SELF-DRILLING

screws inserted WITH and WITHOUT pre-drilled hole d1

[mm]

a2,CG aCROSS e

[mm] [mm] [mm]

[mm]

3∙d 1,5∙d 3,5∙d

27 14 32

33 17 39

39 20 46

45 23 53

1 PAIR- bNT,min

[mm]

7,5∙d

113

2 PAIRS- bNT,min

[mm]

12,5∙d

113

138

163

188

3 PAIRS- bNT,min

[mm]

17,5∙d

158

193

228

263

d = d1 = nominal screw diameter

NOTES • The minimum distances comply with the EN 1995:2014 standard in accordance with ETA-11/0030.

• For screws with 3 THORNS tip, the minimum distance a2,CG can be assumed to be 3∙d1 .

• The distances in the table refer to screws inserted in softwood elements (solid timber or glulam). For applications on different materials (e.g. CLT, LVL), please see ETA-11/0030. (*) For main beam-secondary beam joints with VGZ screws d = 7 mm with standard SHARP 1 CUT tip inclined or crossed, inserted at an angle of 45° to the secondary beam head, with a minimum secondary beam height of 18 d, the minimum distance a2,CG can be assumed equal to 3∙d1 .

• For screws with SELF-DRILLING tip, the minimum distance a2,CG can be assumed to be 3∙d1 . • For screws with RBSN tip, the minimum distance a2,CG can be assumed to be 3∙d1 from spring 2024.

MINIMUM DISTANCES GUIDE: COMPARING TIPS | 15

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