ESL with English Volume IIIs level 6 by Roy Howard

Cantos Para Todos Volume III

ESL in Song

Level 6

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME III

English with Music

Rolling

Stories and Songs for:

Routines Vocabulary Syntax Literacy Time Emotions Vocations

A literature and song based supplement featuring United States culture, food, song. For use with methods that teach English as a second language or English as a foreign language.

Vocabulary and Syntax by ROY E. HOWARD MARIANA MURGUÍA-FERRER

Rolling to Seattle - Washington Red Iron Ore - Michigan Going to Boston - Massachussets Old Chisolm Trail - Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Emotions

My Emotions Down in the Valley - Kentucky Polly Wolly Doodle - Louisiana Green Grow the Lilacs - Texas Completely revised 4th Edition, 1 February 1995 ©1995 Cantos Para Todos All Rights Reserved Songs ©1990 Cantos Para Todos, Inc. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Vocations

Laying Pipe Sixteen Tons - Pennsylvania The Blacksmith - Connecticut Erie Canal - New York I’ve Been Working on the Railroad - Maryland PAGE 1

Cantos Para Todos Volume III

ESL in Song

Level 6

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME III

English with Music

Rolling

Stories and Songs for:

Routines Vocabulary Syntax Literacy Time Emotions Vocations

A literature and song based supplement featuring United States culture, food, song. For use with methods that teach English as a second language or English as a foreign language.

Vocabulary and Syntax by ROY E. HOWARD MARIANA MURGUÍA-FERRER

Rolling to Seattle - Washington Red Iron Ore - Michigan Going to Boston - Massachussets Old Chisolm Trail - Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Emotions

Completely revised 4th Edition, 1 February 1995

My Emotions Down in the Valley - Kentucky Polly Wolly Doodle - Louisiana Green Grow the Lilacs - Texas Vocations

As of this date, Level 1-5 student manuals are not completed, However, the recorded songs for the entire series are on 3 cassette tapes

Laying Pipe Sixteen Tons - Pennsylvania The Blacksmith - Connecticut Erie Canal - New York I’ve Been Working on the Railroad - Maryland CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Cantos Para Todos offers thanks to these and many others who contributed to the development of this special series on teaching English to speakers of other languages. Research Janeen Howard, Mariana Murguía-Ferrer, Michelle Prieto, Brian Dunn, Roderick Grubbs, Socorro Herrera-Dávila, Jesús Azúa, Roberto Ibarra Development Dan Gómez, Roy E. Howard, Roy Jones Production Paul Carlos Anaya, Robert Hunter, Renee García, Marcos López, F.Andrea García, Anthony García, James Brown Sound Engineering David Gómez, Timothy J. Jones, Roy Howard Administration Saúl Ramos, Patty Alvarado, Sandra K. Young, Elizabeth Garza, Gloria Caudillo, Francisco Ferrer, Janeen Howard, Patricia Palur

A special thanks to the teachers and students of Lubbock Indepedent School District, Albuquerque Public Schools, the Lubbock Private Industry Council, and the Joint Training Partnership Act. May you keep singing, learning and growing. The Third Edition owes much to the inspiration of Colegio Ghandi, Mexico, D.F. where two languages are valued, New Mexico ESL teacher Janeen Howard for teaching ideas, and Dawn of Pegasus Software for technical support. This edition is dedicated to the English teachers of Colegio Ghandi. Maps are from MacUSA, Broderbund Software, Inc. Permission is granted by the publisher to use portions of the software in publications if credit is given. Tapes are in DBX stereo. Song words, stories, illustrations, and other items may be reproduced for class members, but should not be copied for other teachers. If you need more copies please call. Special Instructions to the teacher: This series is intended to supplement other materials used to teach English as a foreign or second language. The series progresses in complexity from Level One to Level Six. This method encourages communicative competence by presenting a song to develop context and practice fluency. Following exercises refer to the songs so that language concepts are develop in a meaningful context. Students are constantly reminded to search for similar constructs in their other books and in real life. Maps, recipes, geographical, and economical information is given simply as context, or something to communicate about. The purpose of this book is to encourage communication. Teachers should extend the learning by reading to the students, and encouraging conversation. References to "better using my textbook" refer to the regular English textbook, not this supplement. References to "your readings" refer to trade books and story books used in a literature based program for learning English. This is very important to the method of Cantos Para Todos, because the short texts of the songs are only examples of language in use, and exercises in this series make reference only to these brief examples. Refer to the Teachers Manual for additional information and teaching ideas.

CANTOS PARA TODOS Materials with Multiworlds in Mind Bilingual/Multicultural Education Publishers and Consultants P.O BOX 657 Silver City, New Mexico 88062-0657 (505) 388 4696 (and FAX) Mariana Murguía - Ferrer / Daniel P. Gómez / Roy E. Howard CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

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Songs for ESL Level 6

Learn English with Music

Rolling Student Survey................................................................5 Map 1 USA to color Map 2 USA Labeled

Vocabulary and Syntax Rolling to Seattle..............................................6

Toasted Shrimp Boats Recipe Map 3 Washington Map 4 Washington Cities Map 5 Washington Elevation Map 6 Washington Resources Map 7 Washington Tourism Red Iron Ore......................................................9

Big Catch Casserole Recipe Map 8 Great Lakes States Going to Boston..............................................11

Boston Baked Beans Recipe Map 9 New England States Map 10 Massachusetts Old Chisolm Trail..........................................14

Cowboy Stew Recipe Cowboy Songs and Poems Map 11 Old Chisolm Trail

Emotions

Apple Oatmeal Bars Recipe Word Fun Map 18 New York Physical Map 19 New York Elevation Map 20 New York Cities Map 21 Albany, New York Map 22 Buffalo, New York Map 23 NY Age Distribution I’ve Been Working on the Railroad............41

Baked Custard Recipe Word Fun Map 24 Total Work Force Writing Bad.....................................................................44

Tape Song List Tapes are recorded in DBX stereo. Most songs have the voice only on the left channel; you may delete the voice by turning the balance to the right. Some songs are responsive or have a part for boys and another for girls; you will hear the boys on the left and the girls’ part on the right. Some songs are the same on both channels. Song words, stories, illustrations, and other items may be reproduced for class members, but not for distribution to other teachers. If you need more copies please call. The CD version is not divided by channels. It is much easier to find the songs on the CD. Search by channel as indicated below in bold italics.

My Emotions...................................................17 Down in the Valley........................................19

Southern Corn Bread Recipe Map 12 Urbanization of the South Polly Wolly Doodle........................................20

New Orleans Jumbalaya Recipe Map 13 Chicken Production Green Grow the Lilacs ..................................21

Sulphur River Squirrel Stew Recipe Map 14 Texas State Word Fun

Vocations Laying Pipe......................................................25 Word Fun Sixteen Tons....................................................29

Apple Griddle Cakes Recipe Word Fun Map 15 Coal Production 1991 The Blacksmith .....................................34

Griddled Vegetables Recipe Map 16 Machinery Production Map 17 Vehicle Travel Erie Canal.........................................................37

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Rolling Tape 3 Side B CD 2

Level Six 67. Rolling to Seattle Roy Howard, ©Cantos Para Todos 24 68. Red Iron Ore U.S. Traditional 25 69. Going to Boston U.S. Traditional 26 70. Old Chisolm Trail U.S. Traditional 27 71. My Emotions Dan Gómez, ©Cantos Para Todos 28 72. Down in the Valley U.S. Traditional 29 73. Polly Wolly Doodle U.S. Traditional 30 74.Green Grow the Lilacs U.S. Traditional 31 75. Laying Pipe Roy Howard, ©Cantos Para Todos 32 76. Sixteen Tons U.S. Merle Travis 1947 33 77. The Blacksmith W. A. Mozart 34 78. Erie Canal U.S. Traditional 35 79. I’ve Been Working on the Railroad U.S. Traditional 35

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Instructions for students: Do not fill this out for yourself. Another person must fill this out for you. Interview your partner.

What is your name? _____________________________ Where do you live?_________________________________________________________________ What do you like to do?_____________________________________________________________ What do you like to do at school?_____________________________________________________ How old are you? _________________ What do you like to do with your friends?_______________________________________________ Why do you want to learn English? ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What do you do in English class?

___________________________________________________

What is your teacher’s name? _________ ______________________________________________ What is your mother’s name?________________________________________________________ When is your birthday?_____________________________________________________________ What is your address?______________________________________________________________ What is today’s date? ______________________________________________________________ What I read in English: _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Who speaks to you in English? _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Tell me the days of the week._________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Tell me five things that you like. ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Tell me three things you do not like. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What do you want to learn today?____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

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Vocabulary and Syntax Rolling &

I wrote this song while on a trip to Seattle during the time of the Spokane World’s Fair. I was so excited to be going, I studied everything about Seattle and added verses as I learned more. I have since learned that the verses can be adapted to fit any town. For example:

2. Gila River, Black Range, copper in the mountain (Silver City) or 2. Llano Estacado, Caprock, cotton, cowboys (Lubbock) or 2. Xochimilco gardens, traffic in the city (Mexico City) or As you wish for any place, as long as it has 12 syllables. Change the words not in bold print.

1. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Rolling, Rolling, Rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. PAGE 6

2. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Space Needle, lake and Sound Beauty to be found. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. 3. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Mr. Ranier and forest and fields of lovely harvest. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. 4. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Lakes and barges, water, great big ocean liners. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. 5. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Friendly people there, folks from everywhere. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

6. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Fishing, boating, skiing, summer, spring and autumn. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. 7. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Space Needle, lake and Sound Beauty to be found. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. 8. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. Air is clean and pretty as a forest in the city. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. 9. Rolling, rolling, rolling, Keep the wheels a-rolling. All freeways, airports, railways lead to this magic city. To Seattle we are bound We’re going to get there and be found in a most beautiful land. Washington State

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

ACTIVITY Substitute the words not in bold print with your own words for a place you know. 1. __________________________________ __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ __________________________________ 3. __________________________________ __________________________________ 4. __________________________________ __________________________________ SHRIMP Shrimp are an important product of Washington

Shrimp are crustaceans, which means “covered with a hard crust”. All crustaceans have a hard shell, jointed legs, and two pairs of feelers. There are more than 25,000 kinds of crustaceans. Only the lobsters, crayfishes, and crabs are larger than shrimps. The dark green lobsters of cold North Atlantic waters may grow more than 2 feet long. Some giant Japanese crabs measure more than 12 feet from the tip of one outstretched claw to the tip of the other. Most crusteaceans, such as sand hoppers and sow bugs, are less than an inch long. One of the most numerous kinds, the copepod, is even smaller. Most crustaceans live in the sea. Some, PAGE 7

such as krill and copepods, drift with the currents. Others, including crabs and lobsters, scramble about over rocks and along sandy bottoms. Some crustaceans, however, are found in fresh water. For example, certain water fleas dart about in freshwater ponds, and crayfishes often make their burrows in swamps. A few crustaceans live on land. Among these are the pale ghost crabs and the small grayish sow bugs. Ghost crabs hide in their burrows in sand dunes during the day and come out at night to feed. Sow bugs live in damp soil under rocks and rotting logs, and they curl up into tight balls when disturbed.

ACTIVITIES •Read about shrimp and other crustaceans. •Find out what crustaceans live in your area. •Find recipes for shrimp and other crustaceans. •Find restaurants in your area that serve dishes made from crustaceans. •Cook a meal with crustaceans in the recipe •Write a song about a place you know •Add verses to the song •Learn more about Washington State

Regional Recipes-Washington State Toasted Shrimp Boats JoAnn Howard, Seattle, Washington The Howamac Heritage Cookbook, 1986.

6 English Muffins 1 4 1/2 ounce can shrimp 1 cube butter or margarine 1 jar Old English cheese spread 1 teaspoon garlic powder 3 Tablespoons mayonnaise Cut muffins in half. Mix all other ingredients together. Spread on muffin halves. Cut each half into 6 pieces. Place on cookie sheet and broil 6-10 minutes until bubbly. Watch carefully. Serve warm. •Visit a special place and write about it. •Draw pictures of each of the Natural Resources, Agricultural Products and Major Industries of Washington. •Do the map activities •Study this information about Washington State History. Ask a friend questions about it.

Washington History 1775 - Bruno Heceta, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra land on coast. 1778 - Capt. Cook sails along coast in search of fabled Northwest Passage. 1792 - Captain Robert Gray explores Columbia River. Captain George Vancouver surveys Puget Sound. 1805 - Lewis and Clark Expedition reaches Columbia River, Pacific Ocean. 1811 - John Jacob Astor establishes American post at Fort Okanogan. 1836 - Protestants establish mission near present-day Walla Walla. 1846 - US-Canadian boundary established at 49th parallel. 1853 - Congress accords Washington territorial status. PAGE 8

1855 - Discovery of gold in northeastern Washington, ensuing population growth leads to intermittent wars with Indians until 1859. 1872 - Emperor William I of Germany decides in favor of US in San Juan Boundary Dispute with England. 1889 - Washington becomes 42nd state (Nov. 11). 1919 - Seattle becomes scene of first general strike in US—involving some 60,000 workers. 1962 - Seattle hosts Century 21 Fair, constructs Space Needle. 1974 - Spokane hosts World’s Fair. 1980 - Mount St. Helens volcano erupts, killing 57—$3 billion in damage. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Red Iron Ore &

Great Lakes Chantey

In 1844 mining engineer George Sturz found an important iron range, the Mesabi, on Lake Superior. Sailors on the Great Lakes recorded their difficulties of hauling the red iron ore to eastern iron foundries in song. They adapted their tales to the melody of an old Irish sea chantey (corrido), Derry Down, Down, Down, Derry Down. The words record the actual names of ships and port cities.

1. Come all you bold sailors that follow the lakes, On an iron ore vessel your living to make; I shipped in Chicago bid adieu to the shore, Bound a way to Escanaba for red iron ore. Derry down, down, down, derry down. 2. In the month of September, the seventeenth day, Oh, two and a quarter is all they would pay, And on Monday morning the “Bridgeport” did take The old ore ship, “C. E. Roberts” far out in the lake. Derry down, down, down, derry down. 3. This packet she howled ‘cross the mouth of Green Bay, And before her cutwater she dashed the white spray, We rounded the sand point, our anchor let go, CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Then we furled in our canvas, and the watch went below. Derry down, down, down, derry down. 4. Next morning we hove alongside the “Exile”, And we soon were made fast to an iron ore pile, They lowered their chutes and just like thunder did roar, Then they spouted into us all that red iron ore. Derry down, down, down, derry down. 5. Some sailors took shovels while others got spades, And then some took wheelbarrows, each man to his trade, Our clothes picked up red dust, and our fingers got sore, We loathed Escanaba and that red iron ore. Derry down, down, down, derry down. The Great Lakes The five Great Lakes make up an inland superwaterway of North America. The size and depth of these lakes permit oceangoing vessels to reach into the heartland of the continent. The great waterway touches eight states in the United States, and the Canadian province of Ontario. At one time, because of a series of rapids, the Great Lakes were largely landlocked. Ships

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could navigate only in limited waters. Canals now link the Great Lakes with the St. Lawrence River to form the St. Lawrence Seaway. This has opened up a vast inland area to direct trade between the Old World and the New. The Great Lakes have become an arm of the Atlantic Ocean. The combined area of the Great Lakes and the united channels is 94,710 square miles, with a shoreline of thousands of miles. Four of the five Great Lakes are under the joint control of the unted States and Canada. Only Lake Michigan lies entirely in the United States. The Great lakes were formed when the ice sheets, or glaciers, disappeared from North America many thousands of years ago. Tongues or lobes of ice filled large river valleys and lowands. When the ice sheets retreated, lakes were formed in these lower lands. Former shorelines and old outlets indicate that the Great Lakes were much larger at one time than they are now. The five Great Lakes remain as momentos of the glacial period. The Great Lakes are open to navigation 7 or 8 months of the year. Storms and ice floes stop all shipping during the winter. As soon as the spring thaw sets in, the shipyards around the Great Lakes start humming. Once more steel,

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iron ore, coal, and copper from the Great Lakes regions are loaded ointo the waiting ships. pulpwood and lumber from northern forests and grain from American and Canadian prairies are ready to be shipped to world markets. The entire Great Lakes system helps to bring prosperity to the two nations that for so long have peacefully shared its shores.

Regional Recipes-Michigan Big Catch Casserole William G. Milliken, Governor of Michigan The Congressional Club Cook Book Washington, 1970.

4 cups cooked noodles 1 7 ounce can tuna 1 can creamed mushroom soup (undiluted) 1 teaspoon salt buttered bread crumbs 1 tablespoon grated onion 1/2 cup milk Mix the cooked noodles with the tuna fish, mushroom soup, salt, onion and milk. Mix all the ingredients until well blended and place in a buttered casserole. Top the mixture with buttered bread crumbs and bake in a moderate oven (350째) for about 30 minutes or until well browned. Serves 6 to 8.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Going to Boston &

U.S. Traditional

This U.S. party game is popular with groups of all ages. Sing, dance, skip, and run to its rhythm, and youngsters of all ages find it an excellent square dance tune. Boston was an early settlement of New England, now a large city in Massachussetts. The words of the song tell you how to do the dance.

2. Boys and girls form partners and go the same direction Out of the way: Move hand outward, holding the girl with the other hand Swing your partner: Boy raises hand, girl passes under Boys

Out of the way, you’ll get run over Out of the way, you’ll get run over Out of the way, you’ll get run over Early in the morning. Girls

1. All boys are in a circle marching in one direction, with the girls around them in a circle, marching in the other direction Goodbye: wave with one hand We’re going to Boston: point with one finger Saddle up: lift the saddle and put it on the horse Let’s go with them: point with one finger Won’t we look pretty: Use hand as a mirror Boys

Goodbye girls, we’re going to Boston Goodbye girls we’re going to Boston Goodbye girls, we’re going to Boston Early in the morning. Girls

Saddle up girls, and let’s go with them Saddle up girls, and let’s go with them Saddle up girls, and let’s go with them Early in the morning. Both

Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Early in the morning. Massachussetts State

Swing your partner, on to Boston Swing your partner, on to Boston Swing your partner, on to Boston Early in the morning. Both

Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Early in the morning. 3. Aren’t we lovely: Boys mimic girls with hand as mirror Now we skip: hold hands with partner and skip together Boys

Aren’t we lovely when we’re dancing? Aren’t we lovely when we’re dancing? Aren’t we lovely when we’re dancing? Early in the morning. Girls

Now we skip aroung the circle Now we skip aroung the circle Now we skip aroung the circle Both

Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Won’t we look pretty in the ballroom Early in the morning.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

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Regional Recipes-Massachusetts Boston Baked Beans Ferguson, Judith, America Cooks NY: Arch Cape Press. 1989.

The first American “Fast Food”, these beans were frozen and taken on long journeys to re-heat and eat en route. 1 pound dried navy beans 5 cups water 4 ounces salt pork or bacon 1 onion, peeled and left whole 1 teaspoon dry mustard 1/3 to 1/2 cup molasses Salt and pepper

Soak the beans overnight in the water. Transfer to fresh water to cover. Bring to boil and allow to cook for about 10 minutes. Drain and reserve the liquid. Place the beans, salt pork or bacon and whole onion in a large, deep casserole or bean pot. Mix the molasses, mustard, salt and pepper with 1 cup of the reserved bean liquid. Stir into the beans and add enough bean liquid to cover. Expose only the pork rind on the salt pork and cover the casserole. Bake in a preheated 300°F oven for about 2 hours. Add the remaining liquid, stirring well, and cook 1 1/2 hours, or until the beans are tender. Uncover the beans for the last 30 minutes. To serve, remove and discard the onion. Slice the salt pork or bacon. Check the seasoning and serve. Preparation time: 20 minutes after soaking the beans overnight. Cooking time: 3 1/2 hours. Serves 6-8.

ACTIVITIES •Calculate the time to travel to Boston from Buffalo: horse, 8 miles per hour _____________________ walking, 3 mph ___________________________ train, 45 mph ____________________________ car, 55 mph _____________________________

Calculate the time to travel to Boston from Augusta by: horse, 8 miles per hour ____________________ walking, 3 mph __________________________ train, 45 mph ____________________________ car, 55 mph _____________________________ plane, 400 mph __________________________

plane, 400 mph __________________________

Distance: 399 miles Bearing: 92.5°

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Distance: 149 miles Bearing: 206.1°

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Calculate the time to travel to Boston from Washington D.C. by:

Calculate the time to travel to Boston from Albany by:

horse, 8 miles per hour ____________________

walking, 3 mph __________________________

train, 45 mph ____________________________

car, 55 mph _____________________________

plane, 400 mph __________________________

Distance: 391 miles

Distance: 138 miles

Bearing: 50.7°

Bearing: 97.3°

Calculate the time to travel to Boston from Seattle by: horse, 8 miles per hour _____________________ walking, 3 mph ___________________________

train, 45 mph ____________________________

car, 55 mph _____________________________

plane, 400 mph __________________________

…

Seattle, WA 47°36'N, 122°20'W BOSTON, MA 42°22'N, 71°04'W

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Distance: 2,483 miles Bearing: 79.0°

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Old Chisolm Trail &

U.S. Traditional

According to legend, this song had a verse for every mile of trail from Texas to Kansas. Armed cowboys brought the first herd of 2,400 longhorn cattle from San Antonio, Texas to the newly opened yards of J.G. McCoy in Abilene, Texas in 1867. The route followed a trail blazed by Jesse Chisholm, a trader and government interpreter who was half Cherokee Indian. On the long cattle drives, cowboys sang to pass the time and to amuse themselves. During the night watches they sang to quiet the herd, locate other riders, and keep themselves awake. The chorus may have been borrowed from the Indians.

5. Went to the boss to draw out my roll He figured me out nine dollars in the hole 6. Going to sell my outfit just as quick as I can And I won’t punch cows for any man 7. With my knees in the saddle and my seat in the sky I’ll quit punching cows in the sweet by and by Regional Recipe-Texas Cowboy Stew Marie Nash, Leona, Texas The Congressional Club Cookbook, Washington, 1970.

Chorus Come a ti yi yippy yippy yay yippee yay Come a ti yi yippy yippy yay. 1. Come along boys and listen to my tale I’ll tell you of my troubles on the old Chisholm Trail 2. I started up the trail October twenty third, I started up the trail with the two U herd 3. I woke one morning on the Chisholm Trail, Rope in my hand and a cow by the tail 4. Cloudy in the west and it looks like rain My darned old slicker’s in the wagon again PAGE 14

This recipe makes a large amount and is good on a cold day or a busy one. Make a pan of cornbread and you have a full cowboy meal. This is also good to take to someone who is sick. 1 tablespoon margarine 1 pound ground meat 1 large onion, chopped 1/4 cup chopped celery 1/4 cup chopped bell pepper 1 clove garlic 1/4 teaspoon sugar or more 3 or 4 carrots, sliced 1 can tomatoes 1 16 ounce can whole kernel or cream style corn 1 32 ounce can ranch style beans 6 medium potatoes 3 cups water or more salt and pepper to taste Brown meat in margarine. Transfer to a large pot and add remaining ingredients. Cook until potatoes and carrots are done. Serve with corn bread.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Regional Recipe-Oklahoma Apple Nut Pudding Mrs. Page Belcher, Oklahoma The Congressional Club Cookbook, Washington, 1970.

1 well beaten egg 3/4 cup sugar 1/2 cup enriched flour 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon baking powder 1 cup finely chopped, peeled, tart apples 1/2 cup chopped pecans (or walnuts) 1 teaspoon almond (or vanilla) extract whipping cream Gradually add sugar to egg, beating until sugar is dissolved. Add sifted dry ingredients, apples, nuts and extract. Pour into greased 8" square pan. Bake in moderate oven (350째F) for 35 to 40 minutes. Serve with whipped cream. This is good warm or cold. Serves 6.

Regional Recipe-Kansas Blueberry Cream Pie Mrs. J. Floyd Breeding, Kansas The Congressional Club Cookbook, Washington, 1970.

9" baked graham cracker or plain pie shell 1 can blueberry pie filling 3 ounces cream cheese 1/2 cup confectioners sugar 1 envelope Dream Whip 1 teaspoon vanilla 3/4 cup milk Mix together cream cheese and confectioners sugar. Whip Dream Whip with the milk and vanilla. Blend together at low speed the cream cheese mixture and Dream Whip. Turn into the pie shell. Carefully spoon blueberry pie filling over cream filling in the shell. Refrigerate until well chilled. Other fruit pie filling can be substituted. Serves 6.

Cowboy Songs and Poems The men who ride the range herding cows spend long hours alone, then gather around campfires at night to tell stories and sing songs. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Kansas

Oklahoma

Texas

Learn to recite these stories and songs. Study the words. Make a list of new words and learn the meaning. Draw pictures of the scenes in the words.

Home on the Range Chorus: Home, home on the range where the dear and the antelope play where seldom is heard a discouraging word and the skies are not cloudy all day. 1. Oh, give me a home where the buffalo roam Where the deer and the antelope play; Where seldom is heard, a discouraging word and the skies are not cloudy all day. PAGE 15

2. How often at night, when the heavens are bright With the light from the glittering stars, Have I stood there amazed and asked as I gazed, If their glory exceeds that of ours? 3. Where the air is so pure, the zephyrs so free, The breezes so balmy and light, That I would not exchange my home on the range For all of the cities so bright. 4. Oh, give me a land where the bright diamond sand Flows leisurely down the stream; Where the graceful white swan goes gliding along like a maid in a heavenly dream. 5. Oh, I love these wild flowers in this dear land of ours; The curlew I love to hear scream; And I love the white rocks and the antelope flocks That graze on the mountain tops green. 6. Then I would not exchange my home on the range, Where the deer and the antelope play; Where seldom is heard a discouraging word And the skies are not cloudy all day. Cow Country Clue

Dogie Definition From “Songs of the Saddlemen” by S. Omar Barker, Denver: Sage Books, 1954

The dogie’s a calf without parents nor friends He’s fat in the middle and pore at both ends! Cowpunchers Creed From “Songs of the Saddlemen” by S. Omar Barker, Denver: Sage Books, 1954

The cowpuncher’s creed is as simple as pie: It’s sweat while you’re livin’, cool off when you die; It’s ride, rope and wrangle the best you know how, And thank the good Lord for that critter called cow! The Unpardonable Sin From “Songs of the Saddlemen” by S. Omar Barker, Denver: Sage Books, 1954

There’s things that make a cowboy mad, And some of them are trivial. He’s sometimes quite a touchy lad When he gets too convivial. But if you want to see him when He’s really got his fur up, Return a borrowed saddle with The length changed in his stirrup! Braggin’ Buckaroo From “Songs of the Saddlemen”

from “Songs of the Saddlemen” by S. Omar Barker, Denver: Sage Books, 1954

by S. Omar Barker, Denver: Sage Books, 1954

Old Cowboys claim they knew for shore If a nester was married or not, By the way he hung the cabin door On his little ol’ homestead plot.

Whenever you meet a cowpuncher Who brags of the broncs he has rode, You can purty near bet that he wants to forget The times when he also got throwed!

If the doors swung in, without a doubt, He was free from wedded worry. But a married man swung his door out, So he always could leave in a hurry!

Ranch House Night

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An ‘ol cow bawlin’ down the draw, A windmill’s lonesome whirr, Are sounds as sweet to cowfolks As a kitten’s cozy purr.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Emotions My Emotions &

1. It’s just me, I’m getting so excited. It’s just me, I’m getting very angry. Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sigh. Now I just want you to see me

smile. 2. It’s just me, I’m getting so excited. It’s just me, I’m getting very angry. Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sigh. Now I just want you to see me

4. It’s just me, I’m getting so excited. It’s just me, I’m getting very angry. Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sigh. Now I just want you to see me

scared. 5. It’s just me, I’m getting so excited. It’s just me, I’m getting very angry. Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sigh. Now I just want you to see me

sorry.

frown. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

PAGE 17

6. It’s just me, I’m getting so excited. It’s just me, I’m getting very angry. Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sigh.

My Pictures

Now I just want you to see me

in love. 7. It’s just me, I’m getting so excited. It’s just me, I’m getting very angry. Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sigh. Now I just want you to see me

laugh. Draw a picture of each of these actions or emotions: Excited Angry Cry Sigh Smile Frown Proud Scared Sorry In love Laugh PAGE 18

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Down in the Valley &

Traditional U.S. Southern Mountains

1. Down in the valley, the valley so low Hang your head over, hear the wind blow. Hear the wind blow dear hear the wind blow. Hang your head over, hear the wind blow. 2. If you don’t love me, love whom you please; Throw your arms ‘round me, give my heart ease. Throw your arms ‘round me before it’s too late; Throw your arms ‘round me, feel my heart ache. 3. Build me a castle forty feet high So I can see him as he goes by. Roses love sunshine, violets love dew; Angels in heaven know I love you.

Regional Recipes-Kentucky Southern Corn Bread Mrs. Ezekiel Candler Gathings The Congressional Club Cookbook, Washington, 1970.

1 cup corn meal 1/4 cup white flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon baking powder 2 tablespoons bacon grease

teaspoon soda 1 cup buttermilk 1 egg, beaten 1 tablespoon sugar

1/2

Mix dry ingredients; add buttermilk, beaten egg and bacon grease. Mix well. Pour into well greased 8" cake pan. Bake at 425° for 25 or 30 minutes. If desired, crumble 6 pieces of fried bacon into batter before baking. Serves 6.

Kentucky Kentucky is called the Bluegrass State. This name comes from the kind of grass that grows on the rich limestone soils around Lexington and Louisville. kentucky bluegrass is not really blue. But it has a bluish tinge when it is in full bloom in the early spring. The grass makes fine pasture, on which some of the world’s most famous horses have grazed. The many horse farms around Lexington attract thousands of visitors to the Bluegrass State.

Kentucky:

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

PAGE 19

Polly Wolly Doodle U.S. Traditional, The South

Chorus:

Fare thee well, fare the well, fare thee well my fairy fay, For Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m going to Louisiana for to see my Susyanna Sing Polly Wolly Doodle all the day. 1. Oh, I went down South for to see my Sal, Sing Polly Wolly Doodle all the day. My Sal she is a spunky gal Sing Polly Wolly Doodle all the day. Chorus. 2. Oh, my Sal, she is a maiden fair, Sing Polly Wolly Doodle all the day. With curly eyes and laughing hair, Sing Polly Wolly Doodle all the day. Chorus 3. Oh, a grasshopper sitting on a railroad track, Just picking his teeth with a carpet tack. Chorus 4. Behind the barn upon my knees I thought I heard a chicken sneeze. Chorus

Regional Recipe-Louisiana New Orleans Jambalaya Ferguson, Judith. America Cooks. NY: Arch Cape Press. 1989.

An easy and extremely satisfying dish of rice and seafood. Sometimes garlic sausage is added for extra spice. 2 tablespoons butter or margarine 2 tablespoons flour 1 medium onion, finely chopped 1 clove garlic, crushed 1 red pepper, seeded and finely chopped 14 ounces canned tomatoes 4 cups fish or chicken stock 1/4 teaspoon ground ginger pinch allspice 1 teaspoon chopped fresh thyme or 1/2 tsp dried 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper pinch of salt dash tabasco 4 ounces uncooked rice 2 pounds uncookd shrimp, peeled 2 green onions, chopped to garnish Melt the butter in a heavy based saucepan and then add the flour. Stir to blend well and cook over low heat until a pale straw color. Add the onion, garlic and pepper and cook until soft. Add the tomatoes and their juice, breaking up the tomatoes with a fork or a potato masher. Add the stock (broth) and mix will. Add the ginger, allspice, thyme, cayenne pepper, salt and tabasco. Bring to the boil and allow to boil rapidly, stirring for about 2 minutes. Add the rice stir well and cover the pan. Cook for about 15-20 minutes, or until the rice is tender and has absorbed most of the liquid. Add the shrimp during the last 10 minutes of cooking time. Cook until the shrimp curl and turn pink, Adjust the seasoning, spoon into a serving dish and sprinkle with the chopped green onion to serve.

5. He sneezed so hard he couldn't cough He sneezed his head and tail clear off.

PAGE 20

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Green Grow the Lilacs &

U.S. Traditional, The Plains

This American folk song was extremely popular on the Western plains, and may have originated in Texas. The melody is an Irish air. The first verse may have been heard by the Mexican armies during the war with the U.S.. The words, Green Grow, may have been misinterpreted as Gringo, a term used ever since to refer to U.S. citizens.

4. On top of the mountain where green lilacs grow, And deep in the valley where still waters flow, I met my true love and he proved to be true, We changed the green lilacs for the Oregon blue.

Texas

1. Oh, green grow the lilacs all sparkling with dew Green grow the lilacs ‘cause I love you Oh, green grow the lilacs in a place that I knew Yes, green grow the lilacs for the red, white and blue. 2. Oh, green grow the lilacs and so does the rue. How sad’s been the day since I parted from you, But at our next meeting our love will renew, We’ll change the green lilacs for the Oregon blue. 3. I once had a sweetheart but now I have none, He’s gone far and left me to live all alone, He’s gone far and left me contented to be, He must love another better than he loves me. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Regional Recipe-Texas Sulphur River Squirrel Stew W.D. Holt, Sugarhill, Texas Texas Country Reporter Cookbook, Fredericksburg: Shearer Publishing. 1990.

3 large full grown squirrels or 3 pounds beef 6 medium potatoes 2 medium onions 2 small cans Ro-tel tomatoes and green chilis 2 number 202 cans Veg-All 2 number 202 cans tomato juice 1/2 cup elbow macaroni 1 ounce jar picante sauce 4 tablespoons paprika 4 tablespoons chili powder salt and pepper to taste Cover meat with water and cook until tender. Add potatoes and onions and cook approximately 30 minutes. Add remaining ingredients and cook until macaroni is done. Serves 6 to 12.

PAGE 21

Discussion Down in the Valley is a sorry, lonesome song from the Southern Mountains. Write the words and phrases that show the singer is alone:

one word. Also a multisyllable word can be shortened by a contraction or abbreviated word. Write the one or two words represented by each contraction or abbreviated word: Example:

__________________

Polly Wolly Doodle. Where does Susyanna live? _______________________________________ Where does the singer live? ________________________________________ What other name does he call Susyanna? _______________________________________ Curly hair and laughing eyes are attractive, but this singer calls them laughing hair and curly eyes. Why?

don't 'round

do not around

1. 'cause

____________________

2. he's

____________________

3. sad's

____________________

4. I'm

____________________

5. It's

____________________

•In English the future tense is formed in various ways. For each phrase given, find a similar phrase in your readings: Example- add will or shall to a verb: we'll change

he'll go

_______________________________________ 1. will renew _________________________ In Green Grow the Lilacs, what is the symbol of their love?

Example- add a form of the to be verb before a present participle:

_______________________________________ we'll be changing What does red, white and blue represent?

they'll be talk-

ing

________________________________________ 2. I'm going _________________________ Where did they move to in the end? _______________________________________ WORD FUN

•In English, the past tense is formed when -ed is added, or by an irregular form: °Find examples in your readings of regular past tense:

A. Morphology - Contractions I parted

He proved

We changed

Many times, two words can be joined to make PAGE 22

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

____________ _____________ ____________ 째Find several examples of irregular past tense in your readings:

Fair

he's gone

Knees ____________________

I met

I went

____________ _____________ ____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ The command forms of the verbs imply that the action has not yet taken place, but somebody wants it to be done. Find examples in your readings of commands. Command form

_____________________

Track _____________________

Cough ____________________ C. Syntax: Find examples of cause and effect sentences like these: Movies often make me cry. Happy endings make me sight. Build me a castle...so I can see him....

If you don't love me, love whom you please.

How sad's been the day since I parted from you.

Throw your arms 'round me, give my heart ease.

_______________________________________

Hang your head over, hear the wind blow.

_______________________________________

________________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

_______________________________________

_________________________________________ D. Semantics: List the words from Down in the Valley that make you feel sad and lonely. B. Phonology: Rhymes Example: Down, low... Polly Wolly Doodle can not be translated. ____________ _____________ ____________ It is just a series of vocables (sounds), sung for fun: ____________ _____________ ____________ Sing Polly Wolly doodle all the day. Write words from the song that rhyme with day. In Southern dialect, Louisiana rhymes with Susyanna. Find words in the song that rhyme with: Sal

_____________________

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Rewrite the idiomatic expression in standard English: Fare thee well. _______________________________________ Curly eyes and laughing hair.

PAGE 23

_______________________________________ Fairy Fay.

spell the short i sound in these ways: still sing shrimp

is pink

live

Mississippi

_______________________________________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Hang your head over. ____________ ____________ ____________ _______________________________________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Give my heart ease. _______________________________________

Feel my heart ache. _______________________________________

F. Conversation: Explain to your partner what this means to you: I want you to want me like I would want you to want me if you wanted me, but if you don't want me, I'll still want you, because I want you to want me. Explain to your partner how you felt when you were lonesome.

Maiden fair. _______________________________________

G. Application to Family Life: Spunky gal. _______________________________________

E. Spelling: Here are a few of the ways to spell the long i sound. Find other words in your readings that spell the long i sound in these ways. I I'm Lilacs

Cry Sigh White

Smile Spice

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

â&#x20AC;˘The preceding songs are full of terms of endearment. Practice using terms such as these in your family:

Dear I love you Throw your arms 'round me My Fairy Fay How sad's been the day since I parted from you Sweetheart My true love My Susyanna Roses love sunshine Violets love dew Angels in heaven Know I love you

Here are a few of the ways to spell the short i sound. Find other words in your readings that PAGE 24

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Vocations Laying Pipe &

Roy E. Howard ÂŠ1990 Cantos Para Todos

One day I woke to the sounds of workers in the street outside my bedroom window. I ran outside to see what was happening. Workers were laying pipe for a new sewer line.

1. Laying pipe is a mighty big job. Laying pipe takes a lot of workers. Laying pipe is a mighty big job one job takes a

surveyor. Plan to dig and then dig a hole. Carry dirt and pour concrete. Laying pipe is a mighty big job, Laying pipe is a big job. 2. Laying pipe is a mighty big job. Laying pipe takes a lot of workers. Laying pipe is a mighty big job one job takes a back hoe. Plan to dig and then dig a hole. Carry dirt and pour concrete. Laying pipe is a mighty big job, Laying pipe is a big job. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

3. Laying pipe is a mighty big job. Laying pipe takes a lot of workers. Laying pipe is a mighty big job one job takes a

dump truck. Plan to dig and then dig a hole. Carry dirt and pour concrete. Laying pipe is a mighty big job, Laying pipe is a big job. 4. Laying pipe is a mighty big job. Laying pipe takes a lot of workers. Laying pipe is a mighty big job one job takes some concrete. Plan to dig and then dig a hole. Carry dirt and pour concrete. Laying pipe is a mighty big job, Laying pipe is a big job.

PAGE 25

Laying Pipe

Plan to dig

and then dig a hole. Carry dirt

and pour concrete.

I was excited to see the work taking place right in front of my eyes. I grabbed my camera and started walking around the worksite. On each street there was a different phase of the work taking place. I saw a surveyor planning the work. The surveyor set up a device on a tripod and looked down the street. At the other end was a worker holding a striped pole. They talked to each other with a radio. I saw that planning the work is the first step before digging. As I walked, I talked to the workers and learned that they were digging a long, deep hole, or trench. About 20 feet below the surface of the street they were installing a large sewer pipe. First the heavy equipment operators broke the asphalt and dig the deep hole with a backhoe. Other machines lifted the dirt into huge dump trucks. The truck drivers moved the dirt around the block and filled in the hole at the other end. In the meantime, concrete workers were pushing wheelbarrows full of concrete down into the hole to pour foundations for drains that would bring water from the street to the pipe. Other workers connected home sewer lines to the main line. There were a lot of workers. It was a big job! DISCUSSION Laying pipe is a mighty big job. Laying pipe takes a lot of workers. Name a pipeline worker:

Laying pipe is a mighty big job, Laying pipe is a big job. Activity: Point to the pictures as you sing or listen to the verse

___________________ Name two machines used in laying pipe: _________________ ___________________ Name something that must be done to lay pipe: _______________________________________ Before you can dig, you must: _______________________________________.

PAGE 26

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Workers carry concrete into the hole with a

4. dig, _______________

_______________________________________.

______________________________________________________________

Convert “20 feet deep” to meters:____________.

_____________________________________________________________.

Not all of the tasks in laying pipe are mentioned in the song. Name some of them:

5. carry, _____________

_________________ ___________________

______________________________________________________________

_________________ ___________________

_____________________________________________________________ . B. Phonology: Find words in your readings or in your dictionary that rhyme with:

WORD FUN A. Morphology - -ing + noun: Laying pipe. Find other words that have a verb with -ing followed by a noun. Make a new sentence with each word: Example. Sing, Singing songs

example: might 1. laying

_________

________

_________

________

_________

3. job ________

_________

________

_________

1. wash, washing dishes ______________________________________________________________.

________

Singing songs is a mighty big job, one job 2. pipe takes a soprano.

tight mite light site

_________

_____________________________________________________________.. 4. dig

________

2. drive, _________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________..

________

5. hole

_________

________ ________

_________ _________

_________

C. Syntax: Command Form. The following sentences are in command form, that is, the you 3. sweep, ________________ is implied, as “You plan... you carry...you dig.... ______________________________________________________________ In this form, you start with the command form of the verb, then follow with an object or another _____________________________________________________________. verb. After each command verb, add an object. Example: CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

PAGE 27

Plan...

Plan to dig.

o sound with a control e:

1. Dig... _______________________________.

__________________ ____________________

2. Blow... ______________________________.

__________________ ____________________

3.Carry... ______________________________.

__________________ ____________________

4. Pour... ______________________________.

F. Conversation: Observe workers doing something. Take notes on the steps they take. Talk about it with a partner.

5. Give... ______________________________. D. Semantics: Adjectives are special words that modify nouns. Find an adjective for each of the following nouns: Example:

job (what kind of job?) big job

1. hoe

___________________________

2. truck

___________________________

3.dog

___________________________

4. workers

___________________________

5. tree

___________________________

Better using my textbook: Search for patterns in your text and in the literature you read. Find literature about workers. Pay close attention to the steps in their job.

E. Spelling: The letter o can spell many sounds 1. Short o sound in a closed syllable: lot job concrete Find six words in your books that make the short o sound __________________ ____________________ __________________ ____________________ __________________ ____________________ 2. Long o sound in a word with control e: hole hoe Find six words in your books that make the long PAGE 28

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

One fist of iron, the other of steel If the right one don’t a-get you then the left one will.

Sixteen Tons &

Merle Travis

Chorus: You load sixteen tons, what do you get? Another day older and deeper in debt Saint Peter don’t you call me ‘cause I can’t go I owe my soul to the company store. 1. Some people say a man is made out of mud A poor man’s made out of muscle and blood. Muscle and blood and skin and bones, A mind that’s weak and a back that’s strong. 2. I was born one mornin’ when the sun didn’t shine I picked up my shovel and I walked to the mine I loaded sixteen tons of number nine coal And the straw boss said, “Well a-bless my soul” 3. I was born one mornin’ it was drizzling rain, A fightin’ and trouble are my middle name, I was raised in a canebrake by an ole mama lion Cain’t no high-toned woman make me walk the line 4. If you see me comin’ better step aside A lotta men didn’t and a lotta men died. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Regional Recipe-Pennsylvania Apple Griddle Cakes An Apple a Day... Vegetarian Cookery by Doctor’s Wives. Loma Linda, CA: Woman’s Auxiliary to the Alumni Association, Loma Linda University School of Medicine. 1967.

cup melted butter 1 egg, well beaten 1 cup milk 1 cup grated apples 1 1/4 cup flour 1 1/4 teaspoon baking powder 1 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon 1 tablespoon sugar 1/4

Mix egg, milk, butter and apple together. Combine dry ingredients and blend with liquids. Fry at slightly higher temperature than you would for plain pancakes. Yield: about 12 cakes.

Hot Syrup Pour hot syrup over the griddle cakes 2 cups maple syrup 1 teaspoon cinnamon 1/4 teaspoon allspice

1 cube margarine

Combine ingredients and heat. Serve over griddlecakes.

COAL Coal is one of the most valuable minerals stored in the earth. Coal is used to heat buildings, to run electric power plants, and to make steel. From coal come many chemicals to make things such as drugs, plastics, nylon, and fertilizer. Research workers keep seeking new uses for coal. Oil and natural gas have replaced coal for many heating jobs, but coal’s many uses will make it important for years to come. There are PAGE 29

more than 1,600,000,000 tons of coal still in the earth. The origins of this important mineral lie far back in earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history, before man appeared on the earth. Millions of years ago, the earth was covered by mostly water. Land was low and swampy, and covered with dense forests of giant ferns, rushes, mosses, and varieties of large trees that no longer exist. As the plants died, they fell into the swamp and began to decay. New plants grew over them, creating a thick layer of decomposed plants, or peat. As the centuries passed, the land sank or was built up into mountains, great pressure came upon the the peat bogs creating hard lignite coal. Where the layers of mud were heavier, and more pressure came upon the lignite, a harder material was formed, bituminous coal. Where mountains formed over the bituminous coal, and more moisture and gas was driven out, it turned to anthracite, the hardest kind of coal. Coal is found on every continent of the world. Some of the important coal fields in the United States are hundreds of miles long. The great Appalachian field stretches southward from Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio, through western Maryland, West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, eastern Kentucky and Tennessee and into northern Alabama. This is one of the most productive bituminous coal mining areas. Coal mining began in England in the 13th Century, but was not important for fuel compared to wood until the Industrial Revolution of the 19th Century. In North America, it was used mostly by blacksmiths until the coming of the railroads and the iron and steel industry. Locomotives used mostly coal for fuel until World War II, after which they used mostly electric and diesel engines. Coal mining was done with pick and shovel for centuries as suggested in the song. The workers were tough and sometimes mean. Now coal mining is done by educated professionals with automatic machinery and powerful drills that can dig hundreds of feet into a mountain. Most coal is hauled by railroad. Near water, it is shipped by barges or coal ships. PAGE 30

Name 6 ways that coal is used. __________________ ____________________ __________________ ____________________ __________________ ____________________ Coal is a mineral made from _______________. There are three types of coal, classified by hardness. Name them in order of hardness: soft coal __________________________ medium coal ______________________ hard coal _________________________ Look at a map of the world. Name 5 continents that have coal deposits. ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Coal was the main fuel for heating for centuries. Today there are many other ways to create heat. Think of six ways to heat. __________________ ___________________ __________________ ___________________ __________________ ___________________ PENNSYLVANIA

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

WORD FUN A. Morphology: -ed: The normal way to form past tense is to add -ed to a verb. Some words are exceptions. Find words in your readings that form the past the same way as the examples. Write two past tense sentences for each example. Example. -ed: walk, walked a. I walked to the mine b. I walked to school. 1. do, did a. ______________________________. b. ______________________________. 2. pick, picked a. ______________________________. b. ______________________________. 3. make, made a. ______________________________. b. ______________________________. 4. see, saw a. ______________________________. b. ______________________________. 5. blow, blew a. ______________________________. b. ______________________________. B. Phonology: There are many ways to spell the short u sound. Find words in your readings that have the short u sound spelled as in the example. example: mud

bud suds t u m m y

1. some

_________

2. another

_________

3. ‘cause

_________

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

4. muscle

_________

5. blood

_________

6. shovel

_________

7. sun

_________

8. tons

_________

9. number

_________

10. comin’

_________

C. Syntax: Some sentences are complex. These examples have two parts, each of which could be a sentence by itself. Underline the last phrase. Example: Saint Peter don’t you call me ‘cause I can’t go, I owe my soul to the company store. 1. Some people say a man is made out of mud, A poor man’s made out of muscle and blood. 2. I was born one mornin’ when the sun didn’t shine. 3. I picked up my shovel and I walked to the mine. 4. I loaded sixteen tons of number nine coal and the straw boss said, “Well a-bless my soul”. 5. I picked up my shovel and I walked to the mine. D. Semantics: Find clues to meaning in the text. Write an explanation for each of these sentences as shown. Example: I owe my soul to the company store.

I keeping buying on credit from the store owned by the company. I owe them so much money, I can’t even afford to die. PAGE 31

4. __________________ __________________ 1. A poor man’s made out of muscle and blood. 5. __________________ __________________ _______________________________________ 6. __________________ __________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 2. And the straw boss said, “Well a-bless my soul” _______________________________________ _______________________________________

F. Conversation: •Tell someone everything you know about miners, mining, coal or other fuels. •Read about Captain Harry. You can see that he is the boss. When he comes around, everyone acts differently. •Tell a story about someone who scares everyone into acting differently when they come around. •Write what you said.

_______________________________________

Captain Harry of the Chino Mine 3. Cain’t no high-toned woman make me walk the line _______________________________________ _______________________________________

by Dick Hayes from “Memories of Santa Rita, New Mexico” by Paul M. Jones, 1985

I’ll tell this little story you can stop me if I’m wrong about the things that happen When Captain Harry comes along.

_______________________________________ 4. If you see me comin’ better step aside _______________________________________

In his Plymouth limousine He comes slowly motoring by casting wicked glances from the corner of his eye.

_______________________________________ _______________________________________ E. Spelling: Comparatives Add er to indicate a greater degree of the quality Example: old older deep deeper Find six words in your books that have an er 1. __________________ __________________ 2. __________________ __________________

Switchtenders all arise from the bench where they have been and go to ringing phones 'till Captain Harrys’ gone again. Drillers go to drillin’ like they never drilled before while foremen go to huntin’ for a little better ore. The shovel-runners simmer down and give the brakie lots of room when Captain Harry’s shadow falls across the boom.

3. __________________ __________________ When powder-monkies go to shootin’ PAGE 32

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

and tearing up the ground you can bet your bottom dollar that Captain Harrys’ close around.

Pennsylvania Mining & Quarrying (in metric tons)

There’s another little thing that is plain to see, that Captain Harrys’ office is a terrible place to be. I better put away this lingo and make my final bow for I’ve got a funny feelin’ Captain Harrys’ comin’ now.

Ask your teacher where to write your story. Don't forget to tell your story to someone before writing it.

Clay (1989) ....................................... 1,049,973 Coal (1991) ...................................... 56,932,000 Copper (1989) ............................................. 0 Gold (1989) ............................................... 0 Granite (1988) ....................................... 11,190 Iron Ore (1989) ........................................... 0 Lead (1989) ............................................... 0 Salt (1989) ............................................... 0 Sand & Gravel (1989) ............................. 17,690,000 Silver (1989) ............................................. 0 Sulfur (1989) ........................................ 67,000 Zinc (1989) ............................................... 0

NOTE: A value of 0 indicates no production reported.

PAGE 33

The Blacksmith &

W.A. Mozart

The melody to which these words are sung is an aria from Mozart’s opera, The Marriage of Figaro. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was a child prodigy. He was born in Salzburg, Germany and started concert tours of Europe when he was six years old. He is recognized as one of the world’s great musical geniuses. The Marriage of Figaro was first performed in Vienna in 1786. At that time, it was considered revolutionary. It portrayed a group of servants who mocked their aristocratic master, deprived him of what he assumed were his rights, and had him pleading for mercy before the opera ended. This was of particular significance since it happened when the French Revolution stormclouds were gathering. It was an instant hit, and it remains a favorite of opera audiences today. The blacksmith is a worker of iron and metals. He builds a hot fire, fans it hotter with a bellows, and heats the metal in order to shape it. The metal is formed into horse shoes, grates for windows, axles and wheels for wagons, plows, knives, barrels and parts for rifles, or anything made of iron. The blacksmith was a key position in any town, because transportation, farming, and every industry depended upon the manufacture and repair of metal objects. Today, manufacturing is done by large industries, creating jobs and high quality items for home and business. However, new problems are being created: pollution of the air, ground and water. Such new problems need to be solved in the future by those who are children today. Colonial America depended upon the blacksmith for daily needs. The Revolution depended upon the blacksmith to support the war effort. In the 1790s, Eli Whitney of Connecticut developed firearms with interchangeable parts, the first mass production. Today, Connecticut is a major producer of machinery, aircraft and other items made of metal. PAGE 34

Oh, the blacksmith’s a fine sturdy fellow, Hard his hands but his hearts’ true and mellow; See him stand there his huge bellows blowing, With his strong, brawny arms free and bare; See the fire in the furnace a-glowing, Bright its sparkle, its flash, and its glare. Blow the fire, stir the coals, heaping more on, Till the iron is aglow, let it roar on! As the smith high his hammer keeps swinging Fiery sparks fall in showers all around; And the sledge on the anvil keeps ringing, Giving out with its loud clanging sound. Regional Recipe-Connecticut Griddled Vegetables Daniel Routhier, Dean’s Mill Farm, Stonington, Connecticut America Cooks, A Culinary Journey from Coast to Coast. Judith Ferguson. NY: Arch Cape Press. 1989.

Cooking food outdoors has long been popular in the United States; it was in colonial times and still is to the present day. Vegetables are delicious with just a hint of charcoal taste. These can be used to accompany grilled meat or for a vegetarian barbecue. Any combination of the following: summer squash, zucchini squash, yellow onions, peppers (yellow, green or red), scallions, large mushrooms, tomatoes, eggplant or other seasonal fresh vegetables.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Marinade Pour over hot vegetables 1 stick melted butter 1/2 cup fresh lemon juice Freshly ground pepper Prepare the vegetables as follows: Cut summer squash and zucchini squash in half, lengthwise Cut yellow onions in half around the equator and leave the peels on Cut the peppers in half, lengthwise and remove the seeds,but leave on the stems. Trim the root ends and the thin green ends of the scallions Trim the stems from the mushrooms Remove the stems from the tomatoes Cut the eggplant in half, lengthwise or in quarters if very large Melt the butter in a small sauce pan and add the lemon juice and the pepper Cook the onions, squashes and eggplant first as they will take the longest to cook. Baste the cut side of all the vegetables and place cut side down on the grill. When they have lightly browned, turn and baste well again Complete the cooking of the squash, onions and eggplant on their skin sides. Halfway through the cooking time, add the peppers, mushrooms, scallions and tomatoes. Baste all the vegetables well as they cook If using cherry tomatoes, warm them on the grill for a few seconds, but not for long or they will split and become mushy. The marinade is also excellent when used with chicken.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Nowadays, manufacturing is done on huge scales compared to the days of the blacksmith. How does this affect all of us? Study the information on page 35 and 36 about Connecticut industry and environment. Answer these questions in discussion with your partner.

1. How do gas emissions affect the environment? 2. How does garbage (solid waste) affect the environment? 3. How does smog affect our health? 4. How does acid rain form? 5. How do toxics affect our health? 6. How does the amount of water in the state affect the environment? 7. How is Connecticut doing with the establishment of parks? 8. Connecticut spends $19.80 per person on environmental concerns. How much do they spend on air quality? 9. How does the way people commute to work affect the environment? 10. Which types of industries are hardest on the environment?

Connecticut Environment Pollutants and waste

tons

pounds per capita

Greenhouse gas emissions 1990 47,300,000 28780.04 Total solid waste 1991 2,900,000 1762.38 Smog precursors 1990 1,000,000 608.46 Acid rain precursors 1992 113,900 69.22 Toxics released 1990 10700 6.51 Toxics transferred 1990 6600 4.02

PAGE 35

Water and parks area sq miles acres per capita Water 698 0.14 National parks 9 0.00 State parks and recreation areas 266 0.05 Environmental expenditure 1988 millions of $ Total 63 Water resources and quality 16 Forestry and wildlife 23 Hazardous and solid waste 14 Air quality 9 How workers commute Drive alone to work: 67.6% carpool: 19.6% use public transportation: 5.1%

$ per capita

19.18 5.04 7.07 4.43 2.65

All gasoline burning engines affect air quality

Votes cast in favor of environmental issues (1991) House 64% Senate 87%

Pennsylvania Gross State Product (1989) Industry

mill $

Manufacturing

49,000

21.5

Services

47,000

20.6

Fin./insur./r.e.

37,000

16.2

Trans./comm./util.

23,000

10.1

Government

22,000

9.6

Retail trade

21,000

9.2

Wholesale trade

14,000

6.1

Construction

10,000

4.4

3,000

1.3

Farms/forest/fish • Total Gross State Product: $228,000,000,000 • Gross State Product Per Capita: $19,215

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Erie Canal &

U.S. Traditional

The Erie Canal, authorized in 1817 and completed in 1825, was of immense significance in the development of the United States. Connecting Lake Erie in Buffalo New York and the Hudson River at Albany, NY, the 363 mile waterway linked the east to the west. It was by far the most spectacular transportation development of the period. The cheap all-water route carried agricultural produce from the west to the east and manufactured goods from the east to the west. Cities sprang up along the route. With transportation no longer a problem, pioneers by tens of thousands settled vacant western lands. The canal teemed with boats and barges. Songs of the mule skinners who drove the mules along the tow paths as they hauled the flat-bottom carriers echoed across the country day and night. low bridges were built across the canal at frequent intervals. The skinners shouted a warning to the passengers on the boats when approaching a bridge. The call, “low bridge ahead” was a signal for everyone on board to drop flat on the deck until the bridge was cleared.

Chorus: Low bridge, everybody down Low bridge, ‘cause we’re coming to a town; and you’ll always know your neighbor You’ll always know your pal, If you’ve ever navigated on the Erie Canal. 1. I’ve got a mule, her name is Sal Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal. She’s a good old worker and a good old pal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal. We’ve hauled some barges in our day, CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Filled with lumber, coal and hay, And we know every inch of the way From Albany to Buffalo. 2. We’d better get along, old pal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal, You can bet your life I’d never part from Sal Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal, Get up there, mule, here comes a lock, we’ll make Rome by six o’clock, One more trip and back we’ll go, back we’ll go to Buffalo. Regional Recipe-New York Apple Oatmeal Bars Mrs. Raymond Barker An Apple a Day... Vegetarian Cookery by Doctors’ Wives. Loma Linda: Woman’s Auxiliary to the Alumni Association, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine. 1967.

1 cup flour 1/2 cup brown sugar 1/2 teaspoon soda 1 cup quick oats

1/2 cup shortening 2 1/2 cup sliced apples 2 tablespoons butter 1/2 cup sugar

Cut shortening into flour, brown sugar, soda, salt, and oatmeal. Blend well until crumbly. Spread half of mixture into a 7x11 inch baking dish. Combine apples, butter, and sugar. Arrange on crumb mixture and top with remaining crumbs. Bake in a 350°F oven for 40-45 minutes. Serve with plain or whipped cream. Serves 8-10.

Discussion The Erie Canal was started in 1817. It took ___________ years to complete it. Find these cities on a map: Lake Erie Buffalo Albany Hudson River PAGE 37

Name four other cities on the Erie Canal: _________________ _________________

Exercises: contraction 1. you’ll know

compound verb

other example

_________

2. we’ll make

_________

3.we’ll go

_________

4. you’ve navigated

_________

5. We’ve hauled

_________

___________________ ___________________

Boats and barges traveling west carried ________________________________________. Boats and barges traveling east carried ________________________________________.

6. We’d better get along ______________

Travelers could cross the canal over a

B. Phonology: Vocables.

________________________________________.

The English sound, j, can be represented by many spellings. Circle the letters that represent the j sound in the following words:

When they came close to a town, there were lots of

bridge

_______________

barges

job

______________________, so the mule skinner

had to shout: ____________________________

The English sound, ch, is very similar to j, but does not have a voice. Circle the letters that represent the ch sound.

________________________________________.

inch

It takes many workers to build a canal. Imagine some of the jobs:

Find other j and ch sounds in your readings.

__________________________________________

bet your

don’t you

a-get you

C. Syntax: These sentences have a common word order: Subject, verb, object.

_________________________________________ Type one: Subject: pronoun Verb: verb Object: object. WORD FUN I’ve got a pal I’ve got a mule A. Morphology: - Compound Verbs We’ve hauled some barges We’ll make Rome First change the contraction into a compound verb, then write other examples of the following Find some sentences in this word order in your types of compound verbs. readings: contraction compound verb other example ___________________________________ we’re coming we are coming we

are eating PAGE 38

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

___________________________________ ___________________________________ Type two: Subject: pronoun Verb: adverb, verb Object: possesive pronoun, object.

D. Semantics: Rewrite the idiomatic expression in standard English: Example: We’ll make Rome. We will arrive in Rome. 1. I’d never part from old Sal. ________________________________________

You’ll always know your neighbor You’ll always know your pal We’d better get along

2. Get up there, mule.

Find some sentences in this word order in your readings:

3. Good old pal

________________________________________

________________________________________ ___________________________________ 4.We’d better get along. ___________________________________ _______________________________________ ___________________________________ 5. Here comes a lock. ________________________________________. ________________________________________

New York Data for conversation.

Agriculture (A-M) Apples (1990) ......................... 990,000,000 Barley (1990) ................................... 0 Beans, Snap (1990) ......................... 70,060 Butter (1990) .......................... 20,296,000 Carrots (1990) ............................ 438,000 Cattle (1991) ........................... 1,550,000 Cheese (1990) ......................... 507,229,000 Chicken (1990) .......................... 3,700,000 Corn (1990) ............................ 60,760,000 Cotton (1990) ................................... 0 Eggs (1990) ........................... 975,000,000 Grapefruit (1991) ............................... 0 Grapes (1990) ............................. 144,000 Hogs & Pigs (1990) ........................ 103,000 Lettuce (1990) ............................ 520,000 Milk (1990) ........................ 11,102,000,000

pounds tons pounds cwt pounds bushels

tons

Make sentences using the data in this table. Example: "In nineteen ninety, New York produced seventy thousand sixty tons of snap beans." "Which agricultural product is produced in the greatest quantity?" "Are there more chickens pigs, or cattle in New York?"

cwt pounds

NOTE: A value of 0 indicates no production reported. CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

PAGE 39

E. Spelling: Here are a few of the ways to spell the long a sound. Find other words in your readings that spell the long a sound the same way as the example given. Caution: many words can be spelled this same way, but pronounced differently, such as break, freak, beard, heard, seat, near. Example: ei

neighbor

weigh

2. ai

sleigh

______

wait ______

______

New York History 1524 - Giovanni da Verrazano sails into New York Harbor. 1609 - Henry Hudson explores Hudson River. Champlain sails northern lakes. 1614 - Dutch establish settlements near Albany. 1626 - Dutch under Pieter Minuit buy Manhattan Island from Indians. 1664 - British gain control of region from Dutch by seizing New Amsterdam, which they rename New York. 1776 - British capture New York from American forces. 1783 - British evacuate New York.* 1788 - New York becomes 11th state (July 26). 1789 - Robert Livingston inaugurates George Washington as first president of US in New York City. Tammany Hall founded. PAGE 40

pay

______

F. Conversation: Tell someone everything you know about boats, including what they look like, how they sound, their size, what they are for, the workers who sail them, paddle them, or repair them, and what it is like to ride in a boat on a canal, river, lake, or ocean. Better using my textbook: Find references in your readings to ships, barges, boats, and places that boats go, and boats in history

neigh 1. ate late

3. ay

1802 - The United States Military Academy is founded at West Point. 1901 - Leon Czolgosz assassinates President William McKinley in Buffalo. 1911 - Fire at Triangle Shirtwaist Factory kills 145, influences building safety code, labor reform legislation. 1927 - Lindbergh makes first non-stop flight from New York to Paris. 1929 - New York stock market crash marks beginning of Great Depression. 1952 - United Nations headquarters in New York City completed. 1964 - Race riots break out in Harlem section of New York City. 1986 - Voters pass bond act to clean up hazardous waste sites. 1987 - Dow Jones Industrial Average drops astounding 500 points (Oct. 19). CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

I’ve Been Working on the Railroad &

U.S. Traditional

Countless miles of railroad track have been laid to the rhythm of this familiar work song. Singing made the time pass more quickly and pleasantly, and reduced fatigue. The first railroad in the United States was the Baltimore & Ohio (1828), which changed from horses to steam in 1830. The improvement of the steam engine made railroads practical. By 1850 there were about 9,000 miles of railroad, and by the time the Civil war broke out in 1861 there were about 30,000 miles. After the war, railroads stretched from coast to coast and began a rapid spread throughout the country. The origin of I’ve Been Working on the Railroad is unknown. In the South it was entitled I’ve Been Working on the Levee. Under its present name it has become popular as a campfire song, college song, and as a barbershop quartet selection. The last line of the song includes the phrase, “Dinah, blow your horn!” Dinah is another well-known song, and somehow the suggestion of the second title brought the two together. Now, they are frequently sung as one song.

I’ve been working on the railroad all the live-long day; I’ve been working on the railroad just to pass the time away. Don’t you hear the whistle blowing? Rise up so early in the morn. Don’t you hear the captain shouting, “Dinah, blow your horn!” Dinah won’t you blow, Dinah won’t you blow, Dinah won’t you blow your horn? Dinah won’t you blow, Dinah won’t you blow, CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Dinah won’t you blow your horn? Someone’s in the kitchen with Dinah, Someone’s in the kitchen I know, Someone’s in the kitchen with Dinah, Strumming on the old banjo. Fee-fie-fid-dle-ee-i-o, Fee-fie-fid-dle-ee-i-o, Fee-fie-fid-dle-ee-i-o, Strumming on the old banjo. Regional Recipe-Maryland Baked Custard Mrs. Mills E. Godwin, Jr. Wife of former Governor of Maryland. The Congressional Club Cookbook. Washington, D.C. 1970.

3 eggs 1/2 cup sugar 2 cups milk

1 tablespoon vanilla 1 cup raisins nutmeg

Mix eggs and sugar together, beat well and add vanilla. Scald milk until it coats wooden spoon, stirring the entire time. Add egg mixture to milk, stirring continually. Put in baking dish and add raisins. Cover top of custard heavily with nutmeg. Bake at 350°F until knife, when inserted, comes out clean, about 1 hour. Serves 4.

Discussion Railroad workers sang while ___________ in order to _______________________________. The first railroad in the United States, the Baltimore & Ohio, was finished in the year _________. By 1830 the railroad was no longer pulled by ___________, instead, they used a ___________ _________________. From 1850 to 1861, _______________ miles of railroad were built. The railroads were useful for ______________________________________, ___________________________________, and ____________________________________. Today, railroads are used for ________________, _____________________ and _______________.

PAGE 41

Maryland

3. can’t

___________

4. won’t

___________

Natural Resources, Agriculture, Industries Natural Resources Fish Sand & Gravel Stone Clay Coal Agriculture Poultry Dairy Corn Soybeans Tobacco Eggs Nursery Products Cattle Hogs Vegetables

Data for conversation:

5. shouldn’t

___________

Make sentences using this information about Maryland.

6. ‘cause

___________

Example:

7. you’ll

___________

8. you’ve

___________

9. I’ve

___________

10. She’s

___________

11. We’d

___________

11. I’d

___________

12. we’re

___________

"Maryland produces fish". "Fishermen in Maryland have jobs." "Cooks in Maryland like to bake fish". "Maryland produces eggs and milk". "Farmers raise chickens and cows". "Cooks make custard with eggs and milk"

Major Industries Electronics Agriculture Chemicals Metals Machinery Printing & Publishing Construction Shipbuilding Aircraft Defense

B. Phonology: Vocables. Vocables are easy to read because they are written phonetically. Find 3 real words that have a similar pronunciation as the vocable: example: fee see

feed

seed

1. fie ______

_______

2. fid ______

_______

3. dle ______

_______

4. ee

______

_______

5. i

______

_______

6. o

______

_______

WORD FUN A. Morphology: Apostrophe (‘) Write the two words represented by the following contraction: Example: I’ve

I have

1. don’t

___________

2. someone’s

___________

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CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

C. Syntax: This song uses negative phrases. Change each negative question to a positive one: Example: Don’t you hear the whistle blowing?

Do you hear the whistle blowing?.

Example: Open syllable

solo

Dinah

Banjo 1. Double vowels railroad ______

______

_______

1. Don’t you hear the captain shouting? 2. Silent E ________________________________________. time

______

2. Dinah won’t you blow your horn? ________________________________________. 3. Isn’t someone in the kitchen? ________________________________________.

F. Conversation: Tell someone everything you know about railroad trains, including what they look like, how they sound, their size, what they are for, the workers who drive them, repair them, or lay the rails, and what it is like to ride the train.

4. Haven’t you been working on the railroad? ________________________________________. D. Semantics: Rewrite the idiomatic expression in standard English:

G. Better using my textbook: Find references in your readings to trains and train workers, and places that trains go, and trains in history. Talk about Pancho Villa and his train.

Example: all the live-long day all day long 1. pass the time away _____________________ 2. rise up

_____________________

3. good old pal

_____________________

4.we’d better get along _______________________________________ 5. you can bet your life ________________________________________ E. Spelling: The way a word is spelled helps you know how to pronounce it. There are special ways to show that a vowel has a long sound. For each example given, find 3 other words in your reading that have a similar spelling.

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

PAGE 43

BAD WORSE WORST BADNESS BADLY “Bad” is not such a bad word. I have seen worse words. But I like to express the worst feelings with more specific words. 1. El carro no funciona. wicked | dishonest That car is bad. That car is evil | defective. 2. Ese hombre es malvado. That man is bad. That man is

worthless | inferior evil | defective.

3. Este problema está equivocado. wrong | horrible This math problem is bad. This math problem is evil | defective. 4. El pan ya se echó a perder. This bread has gone bad. This bread has gone 5. ¡Qué lástima! That’s too bad!

That’s

vile | vicious evil | dishonest.

illegal | worthless naughty | a shame.

6. Este hombre está codo. terribly | worthlessly That man limps badly. That man limps immorally | shoddily. ___________________________________________________________________________________ wrong poor terrible shoddy naughty dishonest inferior Write the best word. 1. That is just _____________________ workmanship. bad 2. You did a _____________________ thing today, my son. bad 3. He did a _____________________ job on that house! bad 4. That robber is _____________________ . bad 5. I feel _____________________ today. bad 6. Flubbo is good compared to Bubbo, which is _____________________ . bad 7. I think you put down a _____________________ answer. bad 8. _____________________ people should be locked up in jail. bad

PAGE 44

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

Free Association

“BAD” Listen to the stories that your teacher reads: It was a dark and stormy night. A whole day of thick, soggy, low hanging stratus clouds was bad enough, but the barometer had been falling rapidly; and with the wind from the north, I knew we would be in trouble. However, I never anticipated such a severe development. Our first problem had been the defective anemometer. The station announced erroneously that the wind was from the west and that we could expect only rain. The worthless information left many people poorly prepared for the devastating winds. The second problem was that when we finally found out how vicious of a storm was coming, and warned the people, they fled their homes with little preparation to go. This seemed like an open invitation for dishonest men. The wicked came into the homes like rats, committing all sorts of illegal and immoral deeds. The third problem was the damage caused by the terrible winds. The shoddily built homes on the north slope were lifted and torn from their defective foundations. We could vow to never use inferior materials again, but we could never replace our valued treasures that were lost in the mud and the blood and the flood. A. Words: When the teacher reads a word, write the first word that comes to your mind, but don’t write the word the teacher says. 1. ______________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ______________________________________

4. ____________________________________

5. ______________________________________

6. ____________________________________

7. ______________________________________

8. ____________________________________

B. Sentences: When the teacher reads a sentence, write the first sentence that comes to your mind, but don’t write the teacher’s sentence. 1. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4._________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6._________________________________________________________________________________ 7. _______________________________________________________________________________ CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

PAGE 45

8. ______________________________________________________________________________

From the earth I heard a low rumbling sound like the grumbling of a thousand hungry stomachs. Suddenly, there was an explosion that seemed to tear the air from around me. I raised myself up from where I had been thrown to the ground, in time to see a huge wall of ash, rock, and steam fling itself toward my village. I knelt on the ledge, helpless as my home and family were buried under tons of hot, molten rock. As terror gripped my heart, the swirling ash and mist blocked all view and I passed out. C. Stories. Write a story. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

PAGE 46

CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ CANTOS PARA TODOS VOLUME IIIs Student Manual Level 6

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