ARCHI TECTURAL PORTFOLIO
Selected w orks 2014 -2022
RAYAPPAN CHOCKALINGAM
RAYAPPAN CHOCKALI NGAM
D. O. B -1 st Apri l ,1997. Nati onal i ty -I ndi an.
+44 7918392835
C_Raya@ protonmai l . ch OXFORD, UNI TED KI NGDOM
01|TREETOPS RESI DENTI AL|ARCHI TECTURALDESI GN OCT’ 2019DEC’ 2020 Homest hatbl endnat ur ewi t hmoder n ar chi t ect ur e.Thi sCommuni t yVi l l a housi ngLocat edi nHyder abad combi ne t het r anqui lofnat ur ewi t ht heaest het i c ofmoder nhomes.Thesevi l l ashave beendesi gnedwi t ht heai m ofcr eat i ng homeswhi chboastofpl ent yofl ush gr eener yal lar ound.
ROLE:PROJ ECTARCHI TECT TI MESPAN -1year3mont hs ON -SI TE-Of f i ceand2Vi l l aSt r uct ur e Compl et ed Ihadj oi nedi nt hi spr oj ectatt hever yi ni t i alst age f r om ConceptandBr andi ngSt ages. St ar t i ngf r om Desi gni ngoft hebr ochur est osendi ng Ar chi t ect ur alDr awi ngst osi t e. Thi spr oj ectconsi st sof2pr i nci palar chi t ect sand mysel fast hear chi t ect .
300 EAST MODULE DESI GN Flo o r p la n s
Gr ound Fl oor:
Fi r stFl oor:
Second Fl oor:
Sur r ounded by gr eener y, l ar ge i nt er i orspaces,al avi shdi ni ngandal l of t he desi gn et hos of t he ot her opt i ons, t he 300 East i s a cont i nuat i on oft he st andar dssetout i nt he ot heropt i ons.
Wi t h a si gnat ur e massi ve 23f eetl i vi ng space t hi sa t r ul y a space f or t he mor e soci al ones.
A massi ve home t her e space,t hat can be conver t ed i nt o subspaces we l et your i magi nat i on deci de what you woul d want f r om t he second f l oor .
Si t e ar ea Bui l t upar ea
:300 Squar eYar ds :3631sf t
Par ki ng
:2carpar ki ng
Conf i gur at i on :3BEDROOMS 2LIVING SPACES 1KITCHEN 3ATTACHED TOILETS 1POWDER ROOM 1PUJA ROOM 1TERRACE WASHROOM 1 HOME THEATRE/ PERSONAL
GYM
Thedesi gnt eam choset oi ncor por at e abi ggeri nt er nal cour t yar df ort he300 opt i onst oal l ow f or f ur t heri nt egr at i on wi t hnat ur e. The cour t yar dof f er sa t r ueopent osky exper i encewhi l est i l l mai nt ai ni ngt he pr i vacyr equi r edt o enj oyyourmost per sonalmoment s amongstnat ur e.
t hei sosect i onof300eastmodul e
02|NALANDHA UNI VERSI TY CAMPUS |ARCHI TECTURALDRAFTI NG MAY’ 2018NOV’ 2018 Thi spr oj ecti sver yuni queasi tr epr esent sa moder n ver si on ofahi st or i calsi t ecal l ednal andha i n bi har ,i nt hef or m ofai nst i t ut i on. Myr ol ei nt hepr oj ectwast owor kal ongwi t h my seni orar chi t ecton t hesi t econst r uct i on Dr awi ngs oft hef acul t ycl ubandmedi calcent er . al ongt hepr ocess Igott ogett oknow t hedet ai l anddept h oft hepr oj ectatever ysmal lspace whi ch hasbeen desi gnedbyAR . B. V. Doshi . 400 acr esi t e( appr ox) .
I NTRODUCTI ON
Pr oposed Nal andhaUni ver si t y
Ol dNal andhaRui ns
Compar i sonofscal es
over al lmast erpl an Nal andawasananci entcent r eofhi gherl ear ni ngi nBi har ,I ndi a. Ei ghthundr edyear saf t ert he dest r uct i onofNal anda,t heuni ver si t ywassett obui l dagai n. Si ncei ti st heendeavouroft heUni ver si t yt odevel opasust ai nabl ecampuswhi chwi l l lhaveanet zer oornearzer oi mpact ,t hef i r stofi t ski ndi nt hewor l d;speci alat t ent i onwas pai dt ot hemanneri nwhi cheachoft heschemesaddr essedt hei ssuesof sust ai nabi l i t y.
Medi calCent erSect i ons
Medi calcent er pl an
Facul t y Cl ub SECTIONS
Facul t y Cl ub pl an
03|I NDI AN I NSTI TUTEOFMANAGEMENT CAMPUS |ARCHI TECTURALDESI GNI NG J AN’ 2019MAR’ 2019 Thi scampusofamanagementi nst i t ut ei sa uni quepl acewi t hspeci alr esonance. I ti st hesuppor t i veenvi r onmentoft hecampus gener at ed wi t ht hought f uldevel opmentand a set off undament alpl anni ng pr i nci pl es oft he f act or s suchascampussoci aldevel opment ,campus popul at i onandt hegr owt hpl an,r esi dent i al accommodat i on,l anduse,envi r onment i mpact ,sust ai nabi l i t yandcommuni cat i on i nf r ast r uct ur et hatai dsi nt he i ncampus gr owt h and cont r i but es t ot he over al l communi t ydevel opment . Thecampusi sacompl excomposi t i onconsi st i ngof desi gned sub set s ofvar i ed f unct i ons.Each sub set ,i nt ur n,i sacomposi t i onmadeofot her composi t i onssuch asbui l di ngs,open spaces,and si t ef eat ur es.
L, A U S VI
S U C FO
C ONC E P T-S K E T C HE S
I NTRODUCTI ON Desi gn Cr eat i ngacampusi dent i t y Mi xofbui l di ngt ypol ogi es cel ebr at i ngt hever nacul arconf i gur at i ons Scal eandchar act ert ocampusar ea I nt egr at i on ofpubl i car t af t sandmet hods Ut i l i zat i on ofr egi onalcr Uni ver sal l yaccessi bl ydesi gn The bui l di ng’ s si t i ng and ori ent at i on: Taki ngadvant ageoft hevi ews ( wher epossi bl e) Mi ni mi zet hei mpactofpr evai l i ngwi nds Encour agepassi vesol ardesi gn earandi dent i f i abl emai n ent r y Haveacl Pr ovi degoodpedest r i an andvehi cul ar access I I MI NSTI TUTI ONS ( benchmar k) QUALI TYOFLI FE BUSI NESS I NFRASTRUCTURE PARTI CI TATI ON OPPERTUNI TI ES
SI TEFEATURES METAMORPHI C ROCKS & HI LLS ROOTED TO CUL TUREAND HERI TAGE RI VERS FLORA AND FAUNA
R e s i d e n t i a l z o n e r i v e r d a o r
SITE MODEL -ISO VIEW
SI TEBLOCK STUDYAND ORI ENTATI ON I NDI AN I NSTI TUTE OFMANAGEMENT-SI RMOUR
HI MACHALPRADESH Hi machalPr adeshwhi chi sknownas' DevBhumi 'i s si t uat edi nt heNor t hofHi mal ayas.TheHi mal ayasar e t hewor l d' shi ghestmount ai nr anges.Thest at ehasi t s capi t alatShi ml a whi ch i s hi st or i cal l y ver y popul ar pl ace,andwhi chi snotonl yknownat nat i onall evelbutatwor l d’ sl evelal so asi twast he summercapi t aloft hecount r ydur i ngt heBr i t i shr ul e. SOI LSTUDY-LOAM
Thi st ypeofsoi lwi l lr equi r ePi l ecombi nedwi t h Raf tf oundat i on.
SUN PATH -SOUTH EASTTO SOUTH WEST Thi swi l lr equi r et her malpr ot ect i onont hesout h si de. WI ND DI RECTI ON -EASTTO WEST Opt i mum t ohaveopeni ngsont heeast west di r ect i ont oenhancecr ossvent i l at i on. GROUND WATER -5M TO 15M Var i est hr ought heyearal ongt heabover ange.
Spacescheme Academi cBl ock Li br ar y Mul t i pur poseBl ock Facul t yBl ock Housi ngBl ock T angi bl eSpaces Pr ayerHal l Caf e I nt angi bl eSpaces Of f er i ngpeaceofmi nd Legi bi l i t yandwayf i ndi ng
SI TEAREA-18acr e 10Acr eAbove 8Acr el owerpar cel 3, 5Acr eRi ver
e n t r y
p e d e s t r i a n
a c a d e my
mu l t i p u r p o s e
a c a d e my G R O U N D
O . A . T
Si t e Sect i on -01
0 1
Si t e Sect i on -02
r o a d
h o s t e l
0 2
b r i d g e t a n k
l i b r a r y
v i e wd e c k a c a d e my f a c u l t y
CAMPUS PLANNING exi t admi nbl ock vi ewi ngdeck pedest r i anzone ent r y caf e st or e l i br ar y
publ i c
s t o r a g et a n k
f acul t y
e n t r y /e x i t
h o s t e l
Theent r ancet ot hecampushasbeenspl i ti nt oa pedest r i anent r yandamai nent r ance. ThePedest r i anent r yl eadst oal andscapevi ew deck wher et hevi ew oft heent i r ecampusget scover ed. Theadmi nandmanagementbl ocksl i et ot hel ef t of t heaxi s. wher east her i ghtt oaxi shast hecl asr ooms andl i br ar y . SITE SECTION 6 M
ACADEMY BLOCK The ground space absorbs di f f erentangl e ofsunl i ght t hroughoutt he year . maki ng i tmore ofa nat urall i tspace The amal gamat i on oft he exi st i ng and t he bui l tenvi ronmentsure does pl ay a si gni f i cantrol e wi t hi n campus pl anni ng.The concept hence was mai nl yt o creat e a bl end bet ween t he t wo. The si t e hol ds t wo promi nantwat erbodi es, t hatcont ri but et ot he uni que nat ure oft he exi st i ng envi ronmenti nt hi s part i cul art ypol ogy.Enough access t ot he nat ure around,spaces f orcongregat i on wi t hi n and out si de t he bui l t ,pl ace f orcomf ortand qui t e,t o creae a bal ance bet ween t wo envi ronment s et c where t he aspect s ii nt ended t of ocus on wi t h respectt ot he desi gn of H vi t he proj ect .Ha ng worked i n a si mpl e nort h-sout h gri d, t here have been pocket s ofopen spaces provi ded,f ort he i nhabi t ant st o have a breat heronce i n a whi l e.The bui l t i s al so shaped mai nl y around t he t wo wat erbodi es t oi ncorporat et he essence oft he space compl et el y wi t hi nt he desi gn.To gi ve t he users opt i mum access t ot he wat er bodi es t oo.The acadami c and t he resi dent i alsi de have been separat ed mai nl y based on t he zoni ng and t he easy access t ot he acadami c bl ock as soon as oneent ers t he si t e.The resi det i alarea has been pl aced around t he nort h corneroft he si t e manl y because i tf al l s undert h qui t erzone and t o al so provi de t he users wi t ht he nort hl i ghti nt hei rpl aces ofcomf ort , t hei rhomes as i ti st he mostcomf ort abl e si ghtt ot he l i gh
K E YP L A N C L AS SROOM
C L AS SROOM L o b b y
DI S P L A Y /C OMMONARE A SKYLIGHT PLACEMENT AND SUPPORT AFTER EACH STEP AS WE MOVE UP. SEMIPUBLIC PLACE BELOW FACULTY OFFICE PLACEMENT IN EACH FLOOR.
A X OV I E W f acul t y room st ai rs
court yard cl ass room
S I DES E C T I ONV I E W
HOSTEL BLOCK
1 5. 0
+ 1 1 . 0 + 8. 0 + 5. 0 + 2 . 0 GROUNDL VL
HOSTEL SECTI ON
BUI LDI NG SECTI ONAL ELEVATI ON
ROOF PLAN
Host elbl ock compri si ng ofst acked f l oor . t he ci rcul at i on space shown i nt he sect i onalmodel gi vesmore opt i onsf or publ i cseat i ng aseach l evelri ses. st andsoutf rom t he t r adi t i onalst ai rcase butt he regul arst ai rsas pernormsi sgi ven on t he ei t hersi desoft he bl ock
Rai sed roofl evelgi ves way t oi ncl i ned l i ght i ng and vent i l at i on t hrough t he groove and gl assf acades. t he ot hersi de oft he host elhashuge f rench wi ndowst o creat ea space i n cont actwi t h nat ure.
The room cont ai nsof t wo maj orcombi nat i onsei t h a doubl e shari ng and a t hree shari ng . l ot sofskyl i ghtopeni ngshasbeen provi ded
There are mul t i pl e passage spl i t ssl eavi ng t he messhal ldown t he st ai rsi nt he cent r al space
ISO VIEW
-EXTERIOR EXIBITION SPACE
-AUDITORIUM/ MULTIPURPOSE HALL MAIN ENTRANCE
TERRACE FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
-HALL CAPACITY -600 -700
TEMPORARY SMALL EXIBIT SPACE
MEZZANINE
-LIFT LOBBY -GARDEN SPACE ON THE REAR SIDE EAST FACING ENTRANCE
GROUND FLOOR
MULTIPURPOSE HALL
MULTI - PURPOSE HALL
Mul t iPurpose hal lworks i n a way where t he audi t ori um si t s on t he upperf l oor and t he bel ow 4m hei ghtgi ves space t oi nf ormal present at i on zone al ong wi t ht he garden as desi red. The ext ended pl at f orm t owards one si de i sf orwel comi ng t he space . A speci alservi ce area l i f ti s gi ven behi nd att he edge whi ch makes access f ort he backst age and ot herservi ces. whereas t he f ronthuge gl ass f acade t akes t he earl y morni ng sun maki ng i tl ook more wel comi ng. The grand l obby areas wi t h escal at ors can actas a space f orsmal lst al l exhi bi t i ons and ot herpromot i ons.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN The Green room ,l i es abbove t he ent rance f ort he audi t ori um accompani ed wi t hl i f trooms , wi t h surroundi ng corri dors t o move around t he bui l di ng. an ext ruded t errace l obby wi t ht he ony t errace access i nt he whol e si t e.whi ch l eads t o gi ve a bet t ervi st a oft he hi l l s and t he campus
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
1 2 M 1 0 M 8 M
4 M G. L V L
04|CHETTI NAD HOUSE RESI DENCE|ARCHI TECTURALDOCUMENTATI ON ( Per sonal ) MAR’ 2017 Iper sonal l ywant edt ol ear naboutar chi t ect ur e f r om t hepl acewher ei tst ar t edf ormeasa ki d.Ibeganwi t h document i ngmygr andpar ent shomebacki nourNat i vet own. TheChet t i nadhousei sast yl eofhousi ng whi chagesar ound150year spl usi nsout her n par tofI ndi a.I ti sknownf ori t sar chi t ect ur al st yl eandt heusageofvar i ousl ocal l yavai l abl e mat er i al sused.Thecl i mat ei nt hi sr egi oni s ext r emel yhotanddr y . Themai nai m was t odocumentt hewhol e house andconver ti ti nt oa3dmodelf or under st andi ngt hespaceandal sodocument t hem. I tal sohel pedmeasapr ocessf ormy r esear chdi sser t at i onont hi ssubj ect .
fRONT ELEVATION
k i t c h e nh a l l
s e r v i c ec o u r t y a r d
c o u r t y a r d
d i n i n g h a l l c o ws h e d
c o u r t y a r dc o r r i d o r t h i n n a i s t o r e
e n t r yp o r c h
t h i n n a i s t o r e
s e c o n d a r ye n t a n c e
e n t r yp o r c h
FLOOR PLAN
stai rs pri vate room s store room
bal cony
ROOFFLOORSECTI ONALVI EW
FI RSTFLOORSECTI ONALVI EW
semipr i vat ehal l
doubl er oom publ i chal l
ser vi ce cour t yar ds di ni nghal l cow shed
si deent r ance e n t r y GROUND FLOORSECTI ONALVI EW
STORAGE
COURTYARD
PERSONAL SPACE
SERVICE COURTYARDS
Sect i on
vi si tors stay
entry
Hal l
Sect i onhor i zont al
Sect i onalEl evat i on
cow shed
05|COASTALFLOODI NG -CHENNAI ACADEMI C |ARCHI TECTURALDESI GN -M. ARCHD OXFORD BROOKES UNI VERSI TY MAY’ 2022
S e al e v e l r i s i ng+f l oodi ng SI NCETHEEARL Y1 7THCENTURY, CHENNAI , ORMADRAS, HAS BEENACOLLECTI ONOFDI STI NCTFI SHI NGVI LLAGES. THEGROWTHOFCHENNAIWASLARGEL YDI CTATEDBY TOPOGRAPHI CALANDHYDROLOGI CALRESTRI CTI ONS. THESE CLUSTERSWEREDENSEL YPACKEDANDCONCENTRATEDI N HI GH AL TI TUDELOCATI ONS. COLONI ZATI ONOCCURRED, ANDTHECI TYFLOURI SHED ANDGREW DRAMATI CALL Y. I TNOW COVERS 426SQUAREKMS. PRE COLONI ALPERI OD 2NDCENTURY 1 639
THE 2004I NDI ANOCEAN TSUNAMI
COLONI ALPERI OD 1 688 1 947
THE 201 5 FLOODS
POSTI NDEPENDENCE 1 947 PRESENT
1 985 1 998
SEALEVELRI SI NG BY 2050
FLOODS DUETO CYCLONE
2020
FLOODS DUETO HEAVYRAI NF ALL
201 9 HEAVYRAI NF ALL
2000 DROUGHTDUETO RAI NF ALLDEFECI T
2004
201 8 DROUGHT CYCLONE
I NDI AN OCEAN TSUNAMI
2005
2021 HEAVY MONSOON RAI NF ALLLEADI NGTOFLOODS
AND
201 7 DROUGHT
FLOODS DUETO CYCLONE
201 6 DROUGHT CYCLONE
AND
201 5 MAJORFLOODSDUE TOHEAVYRAI NF ALL
201 1 DROUGHT WI TH USUALAVERAGERAI NF ALL 201 2 DROUGHT
201 4 201 3
CHENNAIHASTHREEMAJORRI VERS WHI CHDEPENDSONTHE MONSOONSANDWORKSWI THTHESPONGE TYPESYSTEM TOSUPPORTI TSWATERNEEDS FROM THEPRECOLONI ALPERI OD. DURI NG COLONI ZATI ONAMANMADECANALWAS CONSTRUCTEDTOCONNECTTHETHREERI VERS
THE201 5FLOODSWERETHEFI RSTMAJORCLI MATECHANGEDI SASTERTHECI TY WI TNESSED .THE CI TY WAS I N STAND STI LL WI THOUT FOR NEARL Y1 0 DAYS WI THOUTELECTRI CI TYANDSUPPLI ES. LATERTHESEASONNOVEMBERTODECEMBERHASBEENANANNUALFLOODI NG TI LLPRESENT . THETHREEMAJORRI VERSHOLDSAHUGEAMOUNT OFI LLEGALSETTLEMENTSTHROUGHOUTTHECI TY WHI CH MAKETHEM MOREVULNERABLETOTHESE FLOODSANNUALL Y
ATTHI STI ME,ARESI LI ENTCOMMUNI TYAMONG URBAN DWELLERSWASOBSERVED,WHI CH PULLED EVERYONE TOGETHERAND HELPED EACH OTHERTHROUGHOUT,I NCLUDI NG CELEBRI TI ES,THEMAJORYOUTH POPULATI ON, ANDGOVERNMENTOFFI CI ALS.
CHENNAIAND I TS RI VERS FLOODI NG RI SK THROUGH 3 RI VERS
+
R
ELEMENTS MI TI GATI NG THE RI SK
+
PRI MARY ROAD S
ENT RY
ENTRY THEMARKETPODSAREDETATCHABLEPODBASEMADEOUTOF RECYCLEDWOODANDMETALFRAMESTOSUPPORTTHEROOF MADE OUT OF DRI ED LOACL PALM LEAVES FOR THE BASE COVERED WI TH A WATER PROOFTTENSI LE ON THE TOP TO PREVENTEXTREMERAI NF ALL. THESHAPEOFTHEROOFDENOTESSI MI LARTOTHEBOATSOF THEEXI STI NGFI SHI NGCOMMUNI TY. THEZONESOFTHEMARKETPODSI NCLUDEDRYI NGFI SHAREA ANDDI STRI BUTI ONAREAFORTHEDAI L YCATCH. THEPODSAREDESI GNED I N A WAYWHEREI TCAN BECOME FOOD STALLS DURI NG THE NI GHT FOR THE BUSY LOCALI TY FI TTI NGACCORDI NGTOTHELOCALSDAI L YLI VELI HOOD
CENTERFI XEDPODFORRECREATI ONANDPUBLI C SEATI NGZONE R
CONNECTI NG DOCKS CONNECTI NG DECKS
WALKPATHS
CENTER PERMANENT DOCK
CENTER PODS
2SHOP MODULE DRYI NGAND DI STRI BUTI NG ZONES
SHOP ZONE
ROOFPLANWI TH TENSI LEANDDRI ED PALM LEAVE MATERI ALS
FLOORPLAN WI THHEXFLOATI NG PODS
CENTER PERMANENT POLES
SHOP ZONE
R
FI SH DRYI NG AREA
4 AM THE FI SHERMEN SET TO THESEAFORDAI L YCATCH
AROUND 6 AM FI SHI NG FROM THE SHORE BY THE MEN I N GROUPS
THE F AMI L Y RUN A SHOP USUALL Y FOR AL TERNATI VE I NCOME
DRYI NG FI SH AROUND NOON FOR LONGER STORAGE
AFTER DI STRI BUTI ON OF FI SH I N MARKETS NETCLEANI NGANDPREPARI NG TOOLSFORTHENEXTDAY CATCHTI LLNOON
ATI MECYCLEOFTHE FI SHI NGCOMMUNI TY I NADAY
R
FI SH MARKETS I N THE STREETS WI TH SMALL SHOPSETUPS
TREETRENCHES
SUNKENPLAZAS
STREETS
POROUSPAVEMENTS
CONSTRUCTEDPONDS
MI XEDDWELLI NGS
ROAD LOCALTREES SANDBUMPANDBOULDER MANGROVEANDOTHERLOCALTREES BEL T DOCKSALONGWI THWALKSPACES
THEMI XEDTREEBEL TACCORDI NGTOTHEMI YAWAKIMETHOD ANDREGULARWOODENFLOATI NGDOCKS FORPEDESTRI ANPASSAGESPREVENTI NGI MCREASI NGWATERLEVELSI NFUTURE
R
I SOVI EW
06|Exper i ment s MI XED |ARCHI TECTURE MAR’ 2020SEP2020 P . A. R. A. S. I . T . E-TheMovi e TheAr chi t ect ur eofI nequal i t y Thef i l mr evol ves ar oundt heapar t mentoft heKi m f ami l y ,t hemovi e’ spr ot agoni st s.Thi si sa semi basementapar t ment ,orbanj i ha,acommon t ypeofwor ki ngcl assr esi dencei nSout hKor ea.I t ’ s t hi swei r dmi xt ur eofhopeandt hi sf eart hatyou canf al levenl ower .It hi nkt hatr eal l ycor r esponds t ohow t hepr ot agoni st sf eel . ” SoT aki ngt heResi denceVi sual sf r om Thef i l m and r ecr eat edt hem asa3dmodel.TheExt r emeUsage oft hespacesby4peopl ei nasmal lAr ea.
S. K. Y . S. C. R. A. P . E. R Asanew usert oRhi noandGr asshopper.Thi swasaSecondExper i ment wast ot r ySt i mul at i nga Skyscr aperwi t hDoubl ef acadeata ConceptSt age devel opment
PROGRAM AND THEMODELVI EWS
P . O. R. T . A. L PORTALi saModul e{uni t }i nat empl edesi gn Concept ual i sedbyMedur i ngt hel ockdown / Quar ant i ne.A t empl ewhi chdoesnotpr oj ect anyr el i gi onbutwhi chconveysonl yt he mi ght ynat ur ei nt hehi ghestposi t i on.so I magi ni ngt hel ocat i ont obei nt heHi l l sand Templ ebeatt heTopmostpar t . st ar t eddesi gni ngFr om t he Ent r ance. Ent r ancei st hepr i mepoi ntoft heexper i ence aboutt obegi vent ot heuser .Thedesi gn emer gesf r om st udyi ngt henat ur eofact i vi t i es I tbecameevi dentt hataTempl ehol ds aver yst r ongsenseofpubl i cspace,andt hat ’ s whatt akespr ecedencei nt hedesi gn. HenceTheent r anceDesi gnsmai nconcept was t ocapt ur evar i ousshapes Fr amesi nt he8 pr i mequadr antaxesofa360degr ee.
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