Dr. Wernher von Braun: ‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon’ Archive

Dr.Wernher von Braun ‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon’ Archive *

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Lot 6060 April 19, 2018

Wernher von Braun An amazing archive of signed drawings, diagrams, charts, and letters by Dr. Wernher von Braun concerning his pioneering ‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon’ series in Collier’s Magazine. The archive comprises 26 items handwritten or sketched by von Braun, including: Seventeen drawings and schematics Two orbital diagrams Four calculations and graph plots Three autograph letters Also includes the four issues of Collier’s magazine associated with the items in the archive.

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Lot 6060 Bidding available April 12, 2018 through April 19, 2018 Email questions to Tricia.Eaton@RRAuction.com www.RRAuction.com |

(603) 732-4280

The ultimate spaceflight pitchman

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HE INFLUENTIAL ‘MAN WILL CONQUER SPACE SOON’ SERIES in Collier’s Magazine grew out of the First Annual Symposium on Space Travel, held at New York’s Hayden Planetarium in October 1951. It was there that Dr. Wernher von Braun was introduced to Collier’s correspondent Cornelius Ryan, who ultimately edited the series. Von Braun—the ultimate spaceflight pitchman—managed to convince the skeptical Ryan of his long-held dream that man could travel to space. He secured a contract with Collier’s for a single article— this became ‘Crossing the Last Frontier,’ the leading story in the series, describing the potential of a manned space station orbiting Earth. It appeared in the groundbreaking Collier’s issue, ‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon,’ published on March 22, 1952.

The one-page editorial opening the magazine, ‘What Are We Waiting For?,’ makes two bold assertions. Although space travel had been a favorite subject of sci-

fi writers since the 19th century, Collier’s makes clear: “What you will read here is not science fiction.” Von Braun’s vision was backed by serious scientific fact, and he had the calculations to prove it—he had mathematically determined propellant volumes necessary, trajectories, launch scheduling based on elliptical orbits, and budgets in outlining his plans.

Secondly, the editorial claimed that if the United States did not make a move toward space exploration soon, the Soviet Union would—an extraordinary prediction of the Cold War’s ‘space race,’ made five years before the launch of Sputnik. The editorial also introduced von Braun’s collaborators, including Harvard astronomer Fred L. Whipple, popular science writer Willie Ley, and artists Chesley Bonestell, Fred Freeman, and Rolf Klep. Von Braun prepared the original drawings in this archive as reference materials for these magazine artists, and most are evident as the direct inspiration for the

illustrations that grace the pages of Collier’s in the ‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon’ series.

Von Braun’s skillful drawings are filled with engineering detail to provide the Collier’s illustrators with scientifically accurate renderings of the spaceships of the future.

Ultimately, the series was extended to a total of eight magazine issues (five with articles credited to von Braun), culminating in an April 1954 cover story on a mission to Mars.

Four of these issues are represented in this archive, including ‘Crossing the Last Frontier,’ about a manned space station; ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey,’ about a trip to the lunar surface; ‘Man on the Moon: The Exploration,’ about the surface expedition; and ‘The Baby Space Station,’ about launching a

space station into Earth orbit as a first step toward broader exploration.

The series drew widespread attention to von Braun’s cause—after the success of the first issue, he appeared on TV and radio shows around the nation to discuss the subject of spaceflight. He was soon recruited by Walt Disney, and served as a technical advisor for three TV films about space exploration between 1955 and 1957. These broadcasts brought the idea of the space program into American living rooms nationwide. For the first time, Americans had a vision of space travel not out of Buck Rogers, but grounded in scientific reality as envisioned by the central figure of the coming Space Age.

NEED THIS SHOT

‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon!’

‘Crossing the Last Frontier’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun • March 22, 1952

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R. WERNHER VON BRAUN’S

premiere article in the ‘Man Will Conquer Space Soon!’ series, ‘Crossing the Last Frontier,’ appeared in the March 22, 1952 issue of Collier’s. *

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In the article, von Braun envisions an ambitious ten-year project to establish a manned space station circling 1,075 miles above Earth. He enthusiastically claims that “development of the space station is as inevitable as the rising of the sun; man has already poked his nose into space and he is not likely to pull it back.” Published five years before the Soviet Union put Sputnik into space, this was an extraordinary claim. Yet, like many of the other concepts introduced in the Collier’s series, it came true: within two decades, the Soviets had launched the world’s first space station, Salyut 1.

Von Braun asserts that the first step in enacting this vision is the development of “a huge rocket capable of carrying a crew and some 30 or 40 tons of cargo into the ‘twohour’ orbit”—at an altitude of 1,075 miles, the space station would make a complete revolution about Earth every two hours. Von Braun

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proposes a three-stage rocket, in which the first and second stage boosters would be jettisoned after use in order to save weight.

The first stage, described as having 51 rocket motors, would push with a combined thrust of 14,000 tons and consume a whopping 5,250 tons of propellants in just 84 seconds at launch. The second stage, with 34 motors, would then burn 770 tons of propellants in just over two minutes. After jettisoning both, the third and final stage—the nose section—carrying crew, equipment, and payload, would shoot into Earth orbit like a bullet at a top speed of 18,468 miles per hour, before relaxing to a 15,800 MPH pace.

Chesley Bonestell’s iconic cover artwork for this issue of Collier’s boasts a dramatic portrayal of the rocket’s stage separation.

Remarkably, von Braun would utilize this very concept—though admittedly at a smaller scale—in the design of the Saturn V, the three-stage rocket which successfully brought man to the moon. Perhaps even more interestingly, he describes the three stages as being recoverable and reusable—a feat which continues to challenge engineers to this day.

Items in this archive associated with ‘Crossing the Last Frontier’ include three pencil drawings and an orbital diagram.

“3rd Stage Satellite Vehicle, (landed)” SIGNED AND DATED IN BLACK INK, “WERNHER VON BRAUN, 1952”

The drawing shows the satellite vehicle’s third stage from the top and side, identifying the cargo area and the seating plan for its passengers. This third stage of the vehicle is seen in several of the illustrations for ‘Crossing the Last Frontier,’ including Chesley Bonestell’s cover artwork, and illustrations on pages 22, 24, 27, 28, and 29.

“Detail, Aft position 1st stage, Satellite Vehicle” SIGNED AND DATED IN BLACK INK, “WERNHER VON BRAUN, 1952”

The drawing shows the array of “39 hexagonal exhaust nozzles” from the rear, as well as the support structure from the side. These hexagonal exhaust nozzles are seen in Chesley Bonestell’s cover artwork, and the support hardware is evident in Rolf Klep’s cross-section diagram on page 27.

“Ellipse of ascent of Satellite Vehicle’s 3rd stage on its trip to Space Station of a period of revolution of 2 hours” SIGNED AND DATED IN BLACK INK, “WERNHER VON BRAUN, 1952”

The diagram portrays the orbital paths of the satellite vehicle and space station around Earth, annotated with velocities and other technical details. A simplified version of this diagram by Rolf Klep, which retains the paths, 1,075 mile altitude, and 15,800 MPH velocity (denoted on von Braun’s diagram as “4.4 mi/sec”), appears on page 28.

The tail section drops behind, while the two upper stages of the rocket ship forge ahead. After the separation,

A RING-SHAPED RIBBON PARACHUTE, made of fine steel wire mesh, is automatically

released by the first stage. This chute has a diameter of 217 feet and gradually it slows down the tail section…

After the first stage lands in the water, it is collected and brought back to the launching site.

—from ‘Crossing the Last Frontier’

by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 28, March 22, 1952

“Recovery of first booster (Satellite Vehicle) shown at moment of ditching” SIGNED AND DATED IN BLACK INK, “WERNHER VON BRAUN, 1952”

The well-done drawing shows the first stage booster described in von Braun’s article with its parachute deployed, awaiting recovery by the ships in the distance. While there is no illustration of this scene in Collier’s, it is described in the text shown above.

The scene would also play out in reality in the next decade—parachute deployment before splashdown, followed by naval force recovery, became standard fare for all manned American spaceflights.

‘Man on the Moon’ ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun • October 18, 1952

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ON BRAUN’S second entry in the series, ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey,’ appeared in the October 18, 1952 issue of Collier’s. *

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Beginning with the bold claim, “We will go to the moon in the next 25 years,” this issue of Collier’s actually laid out a conservative timeline—man would fly to the just moon 16 years later, and set foot upon it less than one year after that. In the article, von Braun takes account of the comprehensive planning stages necessary for a lunar voyage—from determining a landing site to protecting the spacecraft from meteorites. He provides a detailed assessment of the types of spacecraft that would be required, complete with comprehensive technical specifications on sizes, fuel quantities needed, and equipment on board.

Von Braun envisions three spacecraft—two passenger ships and one cargo ship—being constructed in Earth orbit from the space station described in his first article.

Taking off on these three ships, a team of 50 would make the five-day, 239,000-mile trip

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to the moon and land on its surface for a sixweek stay. The cargo ship would be loaded with supplies and enough fuel for a one-way journey. Designed for a round trip, the passenger ship (shown landing on the moon in Chesley Bonestell’s cover art) would be fueled for the return as well. Both would have spherical tanks on the sides, to be discarded to conserve weight after exhausting their propellant supplies.

Von Braun perceptively describes an autopilot-aided descent sequence similar to that which was actually employed in the Apollo lunar landings. He also proposes the Oceanus Procellarum, commonly known as the ‘Ocean of Storms,’ as the ideal region for lunar exploration—a prophetic suggestion, as this became the Apollo 12 landing site in 1969. He also discusses the “difficulties of dining in space,” anticipating the ‘space food’ that NASA would make famous in the next decade. While von Braun’s article mainly concerns the technical details associated with a journey to the moon, a short companion piece by Willy Ley offers a human perspective of life aboard one of these moon ships.

Items in this archive associated with ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey’ include two pencil drawings, two pages of calculations, and two charts.

“Round trip ship (debarking on the moon)” A HIGHLIGHT OF THIS ARCHIVE

The drawing shows a cross-section view of the side of his proposed lunar lander. This important sketch served to inspire Chesley Bonestell’s cover artwork for the October 18, 1952 issue of Collier’s, as well as the cutaway illustration of the ‘Passenger Ship’ on page 55 of the magazine. Von Braun envisions the ship as a 160-foot tall structure (nine feet taller than the Statue of Liberty), topped with a personnel sphere able to transport a large crew of scientists and technicians to the lunar surface. Strung throughout the center of the ship are propellant-related tanks, and at the bottom are 30 rocket motors. This sketch is matted and framed to an overall sixe of 17 x 19.5.

“Cut A-A, Round trip ship, (as it looks at departure from satellite orbit)”

The drawing shows a top-down cross-section of the ship, complete with its inner structure and discardable spherical tanks on the sides. In ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey,’ von Braun describes the purpose of these tanks: “Under the radio and mirror booms of the passenger ships hang 18 propellant tanks carrying nearly 800,000 gallons of ammonialike hydrazine (our fuel) and oxygen-rich nitric acid (the combustion agent). Four of the 18 tanks are outsized spheres, more than 33 feet in diameter. They are attached to light

frames on the outside of the rocket ship’s structure.

More than half our propellant supply—580,000 gallons—is in these large balls; that’s the amount needed for take-off. As soon as it’s exhausted, the big tanks will be jettisoned. Four other large tanks carry propellant for the landing; they will be left on the moon.”— from ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 54, October 18, 1952. On the same page, a diagram by Rolf Klep portrays the jettison of the tanks described by von Braun.

“Tank volumes� for lunar landing

LANDING ON MOON:

ignition 550 miles above moon.

– Dr. Wernher von Braun

Von Braun’s calculations for the tanks of the “Round trip ship” are present in a double-sided sheet headed “Tank volumes,” in which he records figures for the fuel necessary for each of four proposed maneuvers, along with dimensions of the fuel tanks required. On the back of the sheet in red pencil, he notes: “Landing on Moon: ignition 550 miles above moon. 1.02 g take-off initial.” Many of the facts and figures presented here made it into von Braun’s article—he took took great measures to ensure that his concept was not just fantastic, but scientifically viable. He describes the beginning of the descent sequence: “As we near the end of our trip, the gravity of the moon, which is still to one side of us, begins to pull us off our elliptical course, and we turn the ship to conform to this change of direction. At an altitude of 550 miles, the rocket motors begin firing; we feel the shock of their blasts inside the personnel sphere and suddenly our weight returns.”—from ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 59, October 18, 1952.

Trajectory Calculations

A page of extensive trigonometric calculations completed by von Braun, as well as an angular diagram, for the trajectories of spacecraft leaving Earth orbit.

IMAGE A: A chart by von Braun plotting “Distance from geocenter” against “Velocity in voyaging ellipse,” with 19,500 MPH denoted as “Cut-off point (1)” and 22,200 MPH marked “Perigee.” In the opening lines of the story, von Braun writes: “On the outward voyage, the rocket ships will hit a top speed of 19,500 miles per hour about 33 minutes after departure.

Then the motors will be stopped, and the ships will fall the rest of the way to the moon.”— from ‘Man on the Moon: The Journey’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 52, October 18, 1952.

IMAGE B: A second chart by von Braun plotting “Radiusvector angle from perigee” against “Hours from perigee (which is 2 minutes more than flight time from ignition maneuver 1).”

Maneuver Charts

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The Exploration

By Dr. Fred L. Whipple & Dr. Wernher von Braun • October 25, 1952

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ON BRAUN’S THIRD ARTICLE,

‘Man on the Moon: The Exploration,’ appeared in the next week’s issue of Collier’s as a follow-up to ‘The Journey.’

After explaining how we would get to the moon on October 18th, he teamed up with Harvard astronomer Fred L. Whipple to recount man’s exploration of the lunar surface on October 25th. *

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After acknowledging the danger and excitement of exploring the unknown, the article details the equipment to be used during the investigation of the lunar surface—oxygen supplies, tracked vehicles with cranes, multi-layer space suits to protect from meteorites—and discusses the scientific objectives of the mission. The goals outlined are remarkably similar to those of the Apollo missions: determine whether the moon has an iron core; examine the composition of the soil; collect lunar samples; make visual and photographic observations. The article alludes to the potential volcanic origins of lunar surface features—a fact confirmed by samples collected during the Apollo missions. It also discusses seismograph experiments not dissimilar to those deployed with

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the ALSEP during the Apollo era, although the Whipple/von Braun version has scientists take an active role in creating ‘moonquakes’ with explosives to ensure readings.

Though the task described is far more ambitious than any manned lunar mission thus far attempted—a 50-man crew on a six-week surface trip—the objectives and predictions bear an uncanny resemblance to the results of the Apollo program. Following the exploration of the surface, the men would return on two passenger ships to the space station in Earth orbit; from there, it would be a quick flight back home. The story closes with a prescient line: “Our next trip will be a short one: two hours to the earth…There, the members of our scientific panel await us—and, without question, a great crowd of earthlings, come to see the first men ever to set foot on the ancient, mysterious soil of the earth’s closest neighbor in the heavens.”— from ‘Man on the Moon: The Exploration’

by Dr. Fred L. Whipple and Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s page 48, October 25, 1952.

The Apollo 11 astronauts, the first to set foot on that ancient, mysterious soil, were indeed received by great crowds during a worldwide goodwill tour through 24 countries upon their heroic return to Earth.

Items in this archive associated with ‘Man on the Moon: The Exploration’ include two crude sketches and a diagram.

“Moon Transport” ANNOTATED WITH DIMENSIONS IN RED PENCIL

An interesting pencil sketch of a tracked vehicle with a crane on the front. This type of vehicle is seen in Chesley Bonestell’s illustrations for the article on pages 38, 44, and 45; the “Round Trip Ship” from the previous story reappears in these lunar surface scenes. In the article, von Braun describes these lunar surface vehicles as “tanklike cars equipped with caterpillar treads for mobility over the moon’s rough surface.”

A second rough pencil sketch of a car-like transport vehicle with two wheels is presumably affiliated with ‘The Exploration’ as a working concept; however, the article as published only makes mention of tracked vehicles. On the reverse of this sketch is a crude orbital diagram, annotated with “0.6 mi/sec,” which is the average speed of the moon as it orbits Earth.

Concept Sketches

‘Baby Space Station’

By Dr. Wernher von Braun with Cornelius Ryan • June 27, 1953

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ON BRAUN’S penultimate article

in the series, ‘Baby Space Station,’ appeared in the June 27, 1953 issue of Collier’s. *

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Billed as the “first step in the conquest of space”—to precede the earlier ideas in the series—von Braun offers a visionary plan to launch a ‘baby space station’ or ‘baby satellite’ (these terms, along with ‘robot laboratory,’ are used interchangeably) into Earth orbit. Outfitted with a multitude of scientific instruments and a team of rhesus monkeys onboard, the station would return important technical data and observations on both Earth and space. The instrumentation would provide measurements of cosmic rays and particles, record micrometeorite impacts, provide meteorological tracking, and offer satellite imagery of Earth similar to what exists today.

The rhesus monkeys, observed remotely via cameras and sensors, would provide earthbound physiologists with invaluable information on the effects of weightlessness. The US had launched rhesus monkeys aboard V-2 rockets in the late 1940s, and continued to use rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and chimpanzees as experimental subjects to investigate the biological effects of space travel throughout the space program.

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THE AMBITIOUS PROGRAM VON BRAUN LAYS OUT INVOLVES 3 KEY ELEMENTS:

Baby Space Station The space station itself: a conical satellite featuring a sealed chamber with instrumentation and monkey living quarters, fuel tanks, and a telescoping solar power plant.

The satellite would be launched into a 200mile Earth orbit for 60 days.

Field Stations An array of monitoring posts set up in trailers worldwide, designed to receive the satellite’s radio transmissions as it passes overhead.

Von Braun suggests twenty ‘friendly’ locations which would form a chain around the globe, from Alaska to Puerto Rico to Ethiopia and beyond. He notes that the establishment of these stations would prove useful in monitoring the manned space station previously introduced in ‘Crossing the Last Frontier,’ a plan to be executed five years after the ‘baby space station’ is deployed.

Headquarters A central headquarters in the United States where the data, transmitted by the satellite and relayed by the field stations, would be decoded, interpreted, and indexed for study.

Items in the archive associated with this article include sketches, diagrams, and letters related to the ‘baby satellite,’ the ‘field stations,’ and the ‘headquarters’ outlined in the story.

Baby Space Station

“Baby Satellite, Orbit and track of ascent” SIGNED AND DATED IN PENCIL, “WERNHER VON BRAUN, 15 APRIL 1953”

The chart shows the orbital path of the satellite around Earth. It corresponds with the 200-mile distance von Braun describes in his article, which was adorned with the flashy tagline: “An unmanned rocket, whizzing around the earth 200 miles high, pouring vital facts back to ground stations…

Scientists now know that’s the first step in the conquest of space.” The story describes what is shown in this diagram: “When the third stage of the vehicle reaches an altitude of 60 miles and a speed of 17,700 miles an hour, the final bank of motors will shut off automatically. The conical nose section will coast unpowered to the 200-mile orbit.”—from ‘Baby Space Station’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun with Cornelius Ryan, Collier’s, page 33, June 27, 1953.

ABOVE: In this letter, von Braun names the three illustrators working on the project—Chesley Bonestell, Fred Freeman, and Rolf Klep—as well as one of the co-authors in the series, Dr. Fred L. Whipple.

In full: “Fred Freeman left four hours ago, with plenty of dope. Here are some more diagrams. Please run off some photostats, distribute them to Chesley, Rolf and Fred, and rush two stats each of all of them (including those Fred took along) back to me.

Fred can explain everything to Fred and you. For Chesley they should be self-explanatory (I hope). After all—he doesn’t show the finer details anyhow. But please ask him to send me his working sketches for a check-up before he tackles the paint brush.

Drop me a line about how you like the stuff. If you love it, send an advance, if you don’t let me know what you want changed. I am now tackling the trailers for the Field Station. Fred can tell you about this.”

RIGHT: Later that day, he writes again. In full: “Dear Connie: Here’s the rest of my sketches. Rush the photostats back to me, will you?”

Two letters to Cornelius Ryan, the editor of the series BOTH SIGNED “WERNHER,” APRIL 20, [1953], TO “CONNIE”

“Baby Satellite, Mechanism of deployment of solar mirror” EACH SIGNED AND DATED IN PENCIL, “WERNHER VON BRAUN, 20 APRIL [19]53”

These three technical diagrams demonstrate the four phases of deployment for the satellite’s solar power plant: “Phase 1: Telescope arm is extended” and “Phase 2: Side mirrors are rotated around hinges at outer rim of central mirror.”

“Phase 3: Triple Mirror is rotated around axis A-A’ by servomotor.”

“Phase 4: Side arms of central mirror (and telescoping central mirror’s mercury tube) are extended. Mirror is now ready for use.” A note at the top of the page reads: “Fred: This is good for 12 KW.” Von Braun annotated each of these schematics with additional details, identifying the various parts of the solar mirror mechanism and their operation. The artists’ renditions of the satellite’s solar power plant, inspired by these technical diagrams, can be seen as part of Chesley Bonestell’s cover artwork, as well as Fred Freeman’s basic schematic found on page 35.

In both instances, they faithfully reproduce the configuration a nd curvature seen in von Braun’s diagrams, best represented in his “Phase 4” sketch.

The satellite’s power plant— a system of mirrors which catch the sun’s rays and turn solar heat into electrical energy—rises into place at the broad end of the cone. A battery-operated electric timer starts a hydraulic pump, which pushes out a telescopic rod. At the end of the rod are the three curved mirrors. When the rod is fully extended, the mirrors unfold, side by side, and from the ends of the central mirror two extensions slip out.

Mercury-filled pipes run along the five polished plates; the heated mercury will operate generators providing 12 kilowatts of power.

Batteries will take over the power functions while the satellite is passing through the shadow of the earth.

With the power plant in operation, the baby space station buckles down to its 60-day assignment as man’s first listening post in space.

—from ‘Baby Space Station’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 40, June 27, 1953.

Field Stations A

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At strategic points over the earth’s surface, 20 or more receiving stations, most of them set up in big trailers, will track the robot by radar as it passes overhead, and record the television and telemetering broadcasts on tape and film. Because the satellite’s radio waves travel in a straight line, the trailers can pick up broadcasts for just a few minutes at a time—only while the robot remains in sight as it zooms from horizon to horizon.

—from ‘Baby Space Station’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 40, June 27, 1953.

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Five of von Braun’s sketches included in this archive relate to the ground support trailers described in ‘Baby Space Station,’ each executed in pencil on a sheet of lined notebook paper.

These diagrams clearly informed Rolf Klep’s cutaway illustration of the field stations which appeared on page 34 of the Collier’s issue (above).

A rough sketch headed “Radar antenna (3000 Mcps),” with a note to illustrator Fred Freeman, in part: “Fred, I think a 10 ft. Antenna looks so clumsy on roof of trailer. Suggest to mount it on some sort of gun carriage like this.” At the end, he adds: “(This is only an unpretentious sketch).” Although von Braun evidently expected Fred Freeman to illustrate this scene, the gun carriage–type radar antenna is seen on the left side of Klep’s field station illustration.

Von Braun sketch TRAILER A

VIEW SKETCHES FOR TRAILERS “B” & “C” ON THE NEXT PAGE

Von Braun sketches TRAILER B

Two sketches of “Trailer (1),” seen in the center of Klep’s illustration: the first is a view of the exterior, labeled “Telemeter receiver and Radar trailer (1),” signed and dated, “Wernher von Braun, 20 April 53,” denoting the specifics of its roof-mounted helical receiver antenna; the second is a cross-section diagram of the “Rear wall” and “Floor plan,” signed “Wernher von Braun,” providing a schematic for the trailer’s radar position indicator, radar transmitter, telemeter receiver, tape recorder, and inverters.

Two sketches of “Trailer (2),” seen on the right side of Klep’s illustration: the first is a view of the exterior, labeled “Television receiver and Command transmitter trailer (2),” signed “Wernher von Braun,” providing specifics for the sizes and functions of its several roof-mounted antennae; the second is a cross-section diagram of its “Floor plan,” showing control panels, transmitters, receivers, screens, and other equipment.

Von Braun sketches TRAILER C

Headquarters

As the satellite passes out of range, the recorded data will be sent to a central station in the United States— some of it transmitted by radio, the rest shipped by plane. There, the information will be evaluated and integrated from day to day.

—from ‘Baby Space Station’ by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Collier’s, page 40, June 27, 1953.

“Enclosed find the sketches for Rolf Klep’s headquarters layout. Suggest to pass this letter on to him, along with the sketches. Remarks: In upper left corner of headquarters floorpan you find six boxes marked ‘IBM punchcard machines.’ Suggest Rolf gets himself a folder from IBM for more dope about these machines.

They serve a) in part to punch cards from data taken from oscillograms b) in part to tabulate the same data. ‘Digital computers’ (on top of picture, outer), and ‘teleplotting boards’ are likewise standard IBM data reduction and evaluation machines and can likewise be found in IBM pamphlets. We have such pamphlets at the office, but I can’t reach them over the weekend. If Rolf or you go to the next IBM sales office in New York (International Business Machines), and ask for literature about data reduction and evaluation equipment, you’ll get the dope.

One type of plotting machines (perhaps not IBM) is shown on page 57 of the enclosed White Sands booklet.

Central portion of floorpan should be self-explanatory. Some detail sketches are enclosed. Sorry, I have no picture of an oscillograph, but Rolf will know what they look like. If not, he should get himself a pamphlet on GE oscillographs (largest available types!).

The ‘long evaluation table’ should show people looking at long sketches of oscillographs, stretched out and tacked to table. There should also be some rolls of records lying around at ends of table.

The ‘viewers’ at bottom of table resemble film viewers such as used by cutters; there should be some useable for the films taken from the TV-pictures, others for Telemeter, oscillograph, record strips. Sketch enclosed, but very crude.

The ‘screens’ at right hand side of picture (floorpan) should depict the 1 earth and the 3 animal films. Note, that despite the fact that (according to what you sold me) it takes only 20 minutes to show a film on the screen of a television scene just taken, the entire evaluation of the experiment is strictly ‘post feature.’ The films are taken in the many TV-trailers of all the field stations and must be shipped to headquarters for proper time-wise coordination and evaluation. Suggest to make this point quite clear and to drop the idea of the headquarters being simultaneously one of the field station. Their information is of necessity more than sketchy, since orbit can pass over headquarters only twice in 24 hours (probably less often, since orbit’s period of revolution is not 2 hours like in big satellite).

A lengthy letter to Cornelius Ryan, the editor of the series ALS SIGNED “WERNHER,” THREE PAGES BOTH SIDES, APRIL 25, 1953

Hence a ‘follow-up’ up the experiment by direct observation through HQ is very controversial, and besides, merely confuses the real issue and the coordination work of the HQ after the experiment is completed.

Don’t forget that TV-trailer 2 of ‘field station’ needs 4 TV-antenna (T-type) instead of 2, if Fred provides 3 animal chamber TV cameras, instead of 1. Likewise enclosed is earth view as seen on screen and corrected Freeman drawings of upper stage.”

VIEW SEVERAL IMAGES OF THE LETTER ON THE NEXT PAGE OR ALL PAGES AT WWW.RRAUCTION.COM

VIEW ALL PAGES AT WWW.RRAUCTION.COM

Von Braun sketches HEADQUARTERS EQUIPMENT

Although von Braun’s sketches for the primary headquarters layout are not present in this archive, Rolf Klep clearly followed the instructions relayed in this letter—in his illustration of the HQ, there are four screens in the ‘TV Film Projection Room,’ seen in the upper right, one showing the satellite’s view of Earth, and the other three showing the rhesus monkeys onboard. The banks of equipment lining the main chamber in Klep’s headquarters similarly correspond to von Braun’s outline, and a fairly detailed pencil sketch of this hardware by von Braun is included, labeled, “Typical telemeter channel decoder panel” and “Auxiliary panels for telemeter decoding.” These hardware banks resemble those seen in the Manned Spacecraft Center and Kennedy Space Center of the next decade.

Mentioned in the letter, von Braun’s sketch of a telemeter graph viewer is present, “Scheme of a ‘Viewer,’” showing a man in profile using the equipment—this was clearly the inspiration for Klep’s rendering of the same, seen at the bottom of his headquarters diagram.

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The following terms and conditions (“Conditions of Sale”) constitute the sole terms and conditions under which RR Auction will offer for sale and sell the property described in the catalog of items for auction (the “Catalog”). These Conditions of Sale constitute a binding agreement between the Parties with respect to the auction in which Bidder participates (the “Auction”). By bidding at the Auction, whether in person, through an agent or representative, by telephone, facsimile, online, absentee bid, or by any other form of bid or by any other means, Bidder acknowledges the thorough reading and understanding of all of these Conditions of Sale, all descriptions of items in the Catalog, and all matters incorporated herein by reference, and agrees to be fully bound thereby. This acknowledgement is a material term of these Conditions of Sale and of the consideration under which RR Auction agrees to these terms.

RR Auction and Auction: This Auction is presented by RR Auction, a d/b/a/ of R&R Auction Company of Massachusetts, LLC, as identified with the applicable licensing information on the title page of the Catalog or on the www.

RRauction.com Internet site (“RRauction.com”). The Auction is conducted under these Conditions of Sale. Announcements and corrections from the podium at live auctions and those made through the Conditions of Sale appearing on the Internet at RRauction.com supersede those in the printed Catalog.

Bidder: Bidder shall mean the original Bidder on the property offered for sale

by RR Auction and not any subsequent owner or other person who may acquire or have acquired an interest therein. If Bidder is an agent, the agency must be disclosed in writing to RR Auction prior to the time of sale, otherwise the benefits of the warranty shall be limited to the agent and not transferable to the undisclosed principal.

The rights granted to Bidder under these Conditions of Sale are personal and may not be assigned or transferred to any other person or entity, whether by operation of law or otherwise without the express written assent of RR Auction. Bidder may not transfer, assign, or otherwise convey these Conditions of Sale or any of the rights herein, and such purported transfer, assignment, or conveyance shall be null and void. No third party may rely on any benefit or right conferred on any Bidder by these Conditions of Sale, and no third party is intended as a beneficiary of these Conditions of Sale.

Bids will not be accepted from minor persons under eighteen (18) years of age without a parent’s written consent containing an acknowledgment of the Conditions of Sale herein and indicating their agreement to be bound thereby on behalf of the Bidder.

All Bidders must meet RR Auction’s qualifications to bid. Any Bidder who is not a client in good standing of RR Auction may be disqualified at RR Auction’s sole option and will not be awarded lots. Such determination may be made by RR Auction in its sole and unlimited discretion, at any time prior to, during, or even after the close of the Auction. RR Auction reserves the right to exclude any person from the Auction.

If an entity places a bid, then the person executing the bid on behalf of the entity agrees to personally guarantee payment for any successful bid.

By accepting the Conditions of Sale, Bidder personally and unconditionally guarantees payment.

Credit: In order to place bids, Bidders who have not established credit with RR Auction must either furnish satisfactory credit information (including two collectibles-related business references) or supply additional information if requested, well in advance of the Auction. Bidders who are not members of RRAuction.com should pre-register before the close of the Auction to allow adequate time to contact references.

Credit will be granted at the discretion of RR Auction. Additionally Bidders who have not previously established credit or who wish to bid in excess of their established credit history may be required to provide their social security number, or the last four digits thereof, so a credit check may be performed prior to RR Auction’s acceptance of a bid. Check writing privileges and immediate delivery of merchandise may also be determined by pre-approval of credit based on a combination of criteria: RRAuction.com history, related industry references, bank verification, a credit bureau report and/or a personal guarantee for a corporate or partnership entity in advance of the Auction venue.

Buyer’s Premium: The Bidder acknowledges and agrees that a 22.5% buyer’s premium will be added to the hammer price on all individual lots sold in timed Auctions (the “Buyer’s Timed Premium”), and a 25% buyer’s premium will be added to the hammer price on live Auctions (the “Buyer’s Live Premium,” together with the Buyer’s Timed Premium, the “Buyer’s Premium”). For payment other than by cash, delivery will not be made unless and until full payment has been received by RR Auction, i.e., check or wired funds have fully cleared. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, signed by RR Auction, payment in full is due within thirteen (13) calendar days of the Auction or within twelve (12) calendar days of the invoice date, whichever is later. All purchases delivered to Massachusetts are subject to applicable Massachusetts sales tax unless the purchaser possesses a Massachusetts sales tax exemption number.

Bidding: Each Bidder’s determination of its bid should be based upon its own examination of the item(s), rather than the strict reliance as to what is represented in the Catalog, online or elsewhere. In any purchase or sale, the value of the item(s) is determined by the price. THE BIDDER HEREBY ASSUMES ALL RISKS OF VALUATION CONCERNING ANY AND ALL PURCHASES. RR AUCTION IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ERRORS IN BIDDING. A Bidder should make certain to bid on the correct lot and that the bid is the maximum (plus the Buyer’s Premium) that the Bidder is willing and able to pay. Since other Bidders (by mail, facsimile, online, and in person) will be present, and since a re-offering could damage the momentum of the sale, once the hammer has fallen and RR Auction has announced the winning Bidder, such Bidder is unconditionally bound to pay for the lot, even if the Bidder has made a mistake.

All prospective Bidders who examine lots in person prior to the sale shall personally assume all responsibility for any damage they cause in so doing. RR Auction shall have sole discretion in determining the value of the damage caused, which shall be promptly paid by the prospective Bidder.

Title to any lot remains with Consignor, any secured party of the Consignor, or assignee of Consignor, as the case may be, until the lot is paid for in full by Bidder. RR Auction reserves the right to require payment in full before delivering any lot to the successful Bidder.

It is the Bidder’s responsibility and obligation to have the lots fully insured while in their possession. Bidder assumes any and all RISK OF LOSS once the lot(s) is in Bidder’s possession.

Bidder grants to RR Auction or its assigns the right to offset any sums due, or found to be due by RR Auction, and to make such offset from any past, subsequent or future consignment, or items acquired by Bidder in possession or control of RR Auction or from any sums due to Bidder by RR Auction. Bidder further grants RR Auction

a purchase money security interest in such sums or items to the extent applicable, and agrees to execute such documents as may be reasonably necessary to grant RR Auction such security interest.

Bidder agrees that RR Auction and its assigns shall be a secured party with respect to items bought by Bidder and in the possession of RR Auction, to the extent of the maximum indebtedness, plus all accrued expenses, until the indebtedness is paid.

By bidding in this sale, Bidder personally and unconditionally guarantees payment. The authorized representative of any corporate Bidder who is present at the sale shall provide RR Auction or its agent, prior to the commencement of the bidding (or at the time of registration), with a statement signed by a principal, director or officer that they he or she personally and unconditionally guarantees any payment due RR Auction.

RR Auction may at its sole and absolute discretion, make loans or advances to Consignors and/or prospective Bidders.

In the event of a successful challenge to the title to any goods purchased pursuant to these Conditions of Sale and the exclusive remedies provided herein, RR Auction agrees to reimburse any Bidder in an amount equal to the successful bid price actually paid by Bidder at auction plus any Buyer’s Premium actually paid, in full and complete satisfaction of all claims, which once tendered by RR Auction, relieves and releases RR Auction from any responsibility whatsoever to the Bidder, even if the instrument is not cashed or is returned.

Bidding Options: Non-Internet bids (including but not limited to in-person, facsimile, phone and mail bids) are treated similarly to floor bids in that they must be on-increment. Any in-person, facsimile, phone, or mail bids that do not conform to a full increment will be rounded up or down to the nearest full increment and this revised amount will be considered Bidder’s high bid.

When identical mail or facsimile bids are submitted, preference is given to the first received. To ensure the greatest accuracy, written bids should be entered on the standard printed bid sheet and be received at RR Auction’s place of business at least twenty-four (24) hours before the Auction start. RR Auction is not responsible for executing mail bids or facsimile bids received on or after the day the first lot is sold, nor Internet bids submitted after the published closing time; nor is RR Auction responsible for proper execution of bids submitted by telephone, mail, facsimile, e-mail, Internet, or in person once the Auction begins.

In all Auctions, bids on an item must raise the current high bid by at least 10%, or as specified on a per-Auction basis. Bids will be accepted in whole dollar amounts only. No “buy” or “unlimited” bids will be accepted. In a live sale, bids on an item can change at the discretion of RR Auction.

RR Auction reserves the right to accept or decline any bid. Bids must be for an entire lot and each lot constitutes a separate sale. All bids are per lot unless otherwise announced. Live auction lots will be sold in their numbered sequence unless RR Auction directs otherwise. It is unlawful and illegal for Bidders to collude, pool, or agree with another Bidder to pay less than the fair value for lot(s). For live auctions, RR Auction will have final discretion in the event that any dispute should arise between Bidders. RR Auction will determine the successful Bidder, cancel the sale, or re-offer and resell the lot or lots in dispute. RR Auction will have final discretion to resolve any disputes arising after the sale and in online auctions. If any dispute arises, RR Auction’s sale record is conclusive.

Payment: Subject to fulfillment of all of the Conditions of Sale set forth herein, upon the sooner of (1) the passing of title to the offered lot pursuant to these Conditions of Sale, or (2) possession of the offered lot by the Bidder, Bidder thereupon (a) assumes full risk and responsibility

(including without limitation, liability for or damage to frames or glass covering prints, paintings, photos, or other works), and (b) will immediately pay the full purchase price or such part as RR Auction may require. In addition to other remedies available to RR Auction by law, RR Auction reserves the right to impose from the date of sale a late charge of 1.5% per month of the total purchase price if payment is not made in accordance with the conditions set forth herein. All property must be removed from RR Auction’s premises by the Bidder at his/her expense not later than thirty (30) business days following its sale and, if it is not so removed, RR Auction may send the purchased property to a public warehouse for the account, at the risk and expense of the Bidder.

Payment is due upon closing of the Auction session, or upon presentment of an invoice. RR Auction reserves the right to void an invoice if payment in full is not received within thirteen (13) calendar days of the Auction or within twelve (12) calendar days of the invoice date. In cases of nonpayment, RR Auction’s election to void a sale does not relieve the Bidder from their obligation to pay RR Auction its fees (seller’s and Buyer’s Premium) on the lot and any other damages pertaining to the lot.

All sales are strictly for cash in United States dollars (including U.S. currency, bank wire, cashier checks, eChecks, and bank money orders), and are subject to all reporting requirements.

All deliveries are subject to good funds; funds being received in RR Auction’s account before delivery of the Purchases; and all payments are subject to a clearing period. RR Auction reserves the right to determine if a check constitutes “good funds”: checks drawn on a U.S. bank are subject to a ten (10) calendar day hold, and ten (10) business days when drawn on an international bank. Clients with pre-arranged credit status may receive immediate credit for payments via e-Check, personal or corporate checks.

In the event that a Bidder’s payment is dishonored upon presentment(s), Bidder shall pay the maximum statutory processing fee set by applicable state law. If Bidder attempts to pay via check and the financial institution denies the transfer from Bidder’s bank account, or the payment cannot be completed using the selected funding source, Bidder agrees to complete payment.

If RR Auction refers any invoice to an attorney for collection, the Bidder agrees to pay attorney’s fees, court costs, and other collection costs incurred by RR Auction. If RR Auction assigns collection to its house counsel, such attorney’s time expended on the matter shall be compensated at a rate comparable to the hourly rate of independent attorneys.

RR Auction shall have a lien against the merchandise purchased by the Bidder to secure payment of the Auction invoice. RR Auction is further granted a lien and the right to retain possession of any other property of the Bidder then held by RR Auction or its affiliates to secure payment of any Auction invoice or any other amounts due RR Auction or affiliates from the Bidder. With respect to these lien rights, RR Auction shall have all the rights of a secured creditor, including but not limited to the right of sale. In addition, with respect to payment of the Auction invoice(s), the Bidder waives any and all rights of offset he might otherwise have against RR Auction and the consignor of the merchandise included on the invoice (the “Consignor”). If a Bidder owes RR Auction or its affiliates on any account, RR Auction and its affiliates shall have the right to offset such unpaid account by any credit balance due Bidder, and it may secure by possessory lien any unpaid amount by any of the Bidder’s property in their possession.

All checks, cashiers checks, bank checks, or money orders are payable to R&R Auction Company of Massachusetts, LLC. Delivery; Shipping; and Handling Charges: Bidder is liable for shipping and handling. RR Auction is unable to

combine purchases from other auctions or affiliates into one package for shipping purposes. Lots won will be shipped in a commercially reasonable time after payment in good funds for the merchandise and the shipping fees is received or credit extended, except when third-party shipment occurs. Bidder agrees that service and handling charges related to shipping items which are not pre-paid may be charged to a credit card on file with RR Auction.

Successful international Bidders shall provide written shipping instructions, including specified Customs declarations, to RR Auction for any lots to be delivered outside of the United States. NOTE: Declaration value shall be the item’(s) hammer price and RR Auction shall use the correct harmonized code for the lot. Domestic Bidders on lots designated for third-party shipment must designate the common carrier, accept risk of loss, and prepay shipping costs.

Title: Title shall not pass to the successful Bidder until all invoices are paid in full. It is the responsibility of the Bidder to provide adequate insurance coverage for the items once they have been delivered to a common carrier or third-party shipper.

Rights Reserved: RR Auction reserves the right to withdraw any lot before or at the time of the Auction, and/or to postpone the Auction of all or any lots or parts thereof, for any reason. RR Auction shall not be liable to any Bidder in the event of such withdrawal or postponement under any circumstances. RR Auction reserves the right to refuse to accept bids from anyone.

Conducting the Auction: RR Auction reserves the right to postpone the Auction or any session thereof for a reasonable period of time for any reason whatsoever, and no Bidder or prospective Bidder shall have any claim as a result thereof, including consequential damages.

RR Auction’s Discretion: RR Auction shall determine opening bids and bidding increments.

RR Auction has the right in its absolute discretion to reject any bid in the event of dispute between Bidders or if RR Auction has doubt as to the validity of any bid, to advance the bidding at its absolute discretion and to determine the successful Bidder in the event of a dispute between Bidders, to continue the bidding or to reoffer and resell the lot in question. In the event of a dispute after the sale, RR Auction’s record of final sale shall be conclusive. RR Auction also may reject any bid if RR Auction decides either that any bid is below the reserve of the lot or article or that an advance is insufficient. Unless otherwise announced by RR Auction at the time of sale, no lots may be divided for the purpose of sale.

Reserves: Lots may be subject to a reserve which is the confidential minimum price below which the lot will not be sold. Consignors may not bid on their own lots or property. RR Auction may, from time to time, bid on items that it does not own.

Off-Site Bidding: Bidding by telephone, facsimile, online, or absentee bidding (advance written bids submitted by mail) are offered solely as a convenience and permitted subject to advance arrangements, availability, and RR Auction’s approval which shall be exercised at RR Auction’s sole discretion. Neither RR Auction nor its agents or employees shall be held liable for the failure to execute bids or for errors relating to any transmission or execution thereof. In order to be considered for off-site bidding in any manner, Bidders must comply with all of these Conditions of Sale and the terms contained on the Registration Form.

RR Auction’s Remedies: Failure of the Bidder to comply with any of these Conditions of Sale or the terms of the Registration Form is an event of default. In such

event, RR Auction may, in addition to any other available remedies specifically including the right to hold the defaulting Bidder liable for the Purchase Price or to charge and collect from the defaulting Bidder’s credit or debit accounts as provided for elsewhere herein: (a) cancel the sale, retaining any payment made by the Bidder as damages (the Bidder understands and acknowledges that RR Auction will be substantially damaged should such default occur, and that damages under sub-part (a) are necessary to compensate RR Auction for such damages); (b) resell the property without reserve at public auction or privately; (c) charge the Bidder interest on the Purchase Price at the rate of one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month or the highest allowable interest rate; (d) take any other action that RR Auction, in its sole discretion, deems necessary or appropriate to preserve and protect RR Auction’s rights and remedies. Should RR Auction resell the property, the original defaulting Bidder shall be liable for the payment of any deficiency in the purchase price and all costs and expenses associated there with, including but not limited to warehousing, sales-related expenses, reasonable attorney fees and court costs, commissions, incidental damages and any other charges due hereunder which were not collected or collectable. In the event that such Bidder is the successful Bidder on more than one lot and pays less than the purchase price for the total lots purchased, RR Auction shall apply the payment received to such lot or lots that RR Auction, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate. If RR Auction does not exercise such discretion, the lots to which the payment shall be applied will be in descending order from the highest purchase price to the lowest. Any Bidder failing to comply with these Conditions of Sale shall be deemed to have granted RR Auction a security interest in, and RR Auction may retain as collateral such security for such Bidder’s obligations to RR Auction, any property in RR Auction’s possession owned by such Bidder. RR Auction shall have the benefit of all rights of a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.) as adopted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Warranties: RR Auction does not provide any warranties to Bidders, whether expressed or implied, beyond those expressly provided in these Conditions of Sale. All property and lots are sold “as is” and “where is”.

By way of illustration rather than limitation, neither RR Auction nor the Consignor makes any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to merchantability or fitness for intended use, condition of the property (including any condition report), correctness of description, origin, measurement, quality, rarity, importance, exhibition, relevance, attribution, source, provenance, date, authorship, condition, culture, genuineness, value, or period of the property. Additionally, neither RR Auction nor the Consignor makes any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to whether the Bidder acquires rights in copyright or other intellectual property (including exhibition or reproduction rights) or whether the property is subject to any limitations or other rights. RR Auction does not make any representation or warranty as to title.

All descriptions, photographs, illustrations, and terminology including but not limited to words describing condition (including any condition reports requested by Bidder, see also Terminology), authorship, period, culture, source, origin, measurement, quality, rarity, provenance, importance, exhibition, and relevance, used in the Catalog, bill of sale, invoice, or anywhere else, represent a good faith effort made by RR Auction to fairly represent the lots and property offered for sale as to origin, date, condition, and other information contained therein; they are statements of opinion only. They are not representations or warranties and Bidder agrees and acknowledges that he or she shall not rely on them in determining whether or not to bid or for what price. Price estimates (which are determined well in advance of the Auction and are therefore subject to revision) and condition reports are provided solely as a convenience to Bidders and are not intended nor shall they be relied on by Bidders as statements, representations or warranties of actual value or predictions of final bid prices.

Bidders are accorded the opportunity to inspect the lots and to otherwise satisfy themselves as to the nature and sufficiency of each lot

prior to bidding, and RR Auction urges Bidders to avail themselves accordingly.

All lots sold by RR Auction are accompanied by an Auction Certificate (“AC”). On any lot presented with an AC issued by RR Auction, the certification is only as to its attribution to the person or entity described or to the lot’s usage and only as explicitly stated therein (the “Certification of Authenticity”), to the exclusion of any other warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to those pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code. The Certification of Authenticity inures only to the original Bidder (as shown in RR Auction’s records).

Bidder may not transfer, assign, or otherwise convey the Certification of Authenticity, and such purported transfer, assignment, or conveyance shall be null and void. The Certification of Authenticity is valid from date of the Auction in which Bidder was awarded the lot (the “Auction Date”) until five (5) years after the Auction Date, without exception.

FIREARMS. RR Auction complies with all Federal and State rules and regulations relating to the purchasing, registration and shipping of firearms. A Bidder is required to provide appropriate documents and the payment of associated fees, if any. Bidder is responsible for providing a shipping address that is suitable for the receipt of a firearm.

Limitation of Damages: In the event that RR Auction is prevented for any reason from delivering any property to Bidder, or Bidder is otherwise dissatisfied with the performance of RR Auction, the liability, if any, of RR Auction, shall be limited to, and shall not exceed, the amount actually paid for the property by Bidder. In no event shall RR Auction be liable for incidental, special, indirect, exemplary or consequential damages of any kind, including but not limited to loss of profits, value of investment or opportunity cost.

Unauthorized Statements: Under no circumstances is any employee, agent or representative of RR Auction authorized by RR Auction to modify, amend, waive or contradict any of these Conditions of Sale, any term or condition set forth on a registration form, any warranty or limitation or exclusion of warranty, any term or condition in either the Registration Form or these Terms and Conditions regarding payment requirements, including but not limited to due date, manner of payment, and what constitutes payment in full, or any other term or condition contained in any documents issued by RR Auction unless such modification, amendment, waiver or contradiction is contained in a writing signed by all parties. Any statements, oral or written, made by employees, agents or representatives of RR Auction to Bidder, including statements regarding specific lots, even if such employee, agent or representative represents that such statement is authorized, unless reduced to a writing signed by all parties, are statements of personal opinion only and are not binding on RR Auction, and under no circumstances shall be relied upon by Bidder as a statement, representation or warranty of RR Auction.

Bidder’s Remedies: Under no circumstance will RR Auction incur liability to a Bidder in excess of the purchase price actually paid.

This section sets forth the sole and exclusive remedies of Bidder in conformity with the Warranties and Limitation of Damages provisions of these Conditions of Sale, and is expressly in lieu of any other rights or remedies which might be available to Bidder by law. The Bidder hereby accepts the benefit of the Consignor’s warranty of title and any other representations and warranties made by the Consignor for the Bidder’s benefit. In the event that Bidder demonstrates in writing, in the sole discretion of RR Auction, that there was a breach of the Consignor’s warranty of title concerning a lot purchased by Bidder, RR Auction shall make demand upon the Consignor to pay to Bidder the Purchase Price (including any premiums, taxes, or other

amounts paid or due to RR Auction). Should the Consignor not pay the Purchase Price to Bidder within thirty days after such demand, RR Auction shall disclose the identity of the Consignor to Bidder and assign to Bidder all of RR Auction’s rights against the Consignor with respect to such lot or property. Upon such disclosure and assignment, all responsibility and liability, if any, of RR Auction with respect to said lot or property shall automatically terminate. RR Auction shall be entitled to retain the premiums and other amounts paid to RR Auction - this remedy is as to the Consignor only. The rights and remedies provided herein are for the original Bidder only and they may not be assigned or relied upon by any transferee or assignee under any circumstances.

If Bidder wishes to challenge the AC within the period of the Certification of Authenticity, Bidder must present written evidence that the lot is not authentic as determined by a known expert in the field. If RR Auction agrees that the lot is not as represented, Bidder’s sole and exclusive remedy shall be a refund of their purchase price, with no other costs, liabilities or amounts recoverable. If RR Auction does not agree with the claim by Bidder, then the Parties shall follow the dispute resolution procedures of these Conditions of Sale.

Any such challenge concerning an AC or Certification of Authenticity must, without any exception, be brought within one (1) year of Bidder’s notice to RR Auction of Bidder’s contention that the lot was not authentic, or six (6) years from the Auction Date, whichever is sooner.

If the description of any lot in the Catalog is materially incorrect (e.g., gross cataloging error), the lot is returnable if returned within five (5) calendar days of receipt, and received by RR Auction no later than twenty-one (21) calendar days after the Auction Date. If there is any discrepancy between the description in the Catalog and the AC, then the description in the AC shall control. This paragraph shall constitute Bidder’s sole right with respect to the return of items, and no refunds shall be given for any items not returned to and received

by RR Auction.

NO RETURN OR REFUND OF ANY AUCTION LOT WILL BE CONSIDERED EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THESE CONDITIONS OF SALE. RR Auction’s Additional Services: For Bidders who do not remove purchased property from RR Auction’s premises, RR Auction, in its sole discretion and solely as a service and accommodation to Bidders, may arrange to have purchased lots packed, insured and forwarded at the sole request, expense, and risk of Bidder. RR Auction assumes no and disclaims all responsibility and liability for acts or omissions in such packing or shipping by RR Auction or other packers and carriers, whether or not recommended by RR Auction. RR Auction assumes no and disclaims all responsibility and liability for damage to frames, glass or other breakable items. Where RR Auction arranges and bills for such services via invoice, RR Auction will include an administration charge.

Headings: Headings are for convenience only and shall not be used to interpret the substantive sections to which they refer.

Entire Agreement: These Conditions of Sale constitute the entire agreement between the parties together with the terms and conditions contained in the Registration Form. They may not be amended, modified or superseded except in a signed writing executed by all parties. No oral or written statement by anyone employed by RR Auction or acting as agent or representative of RR Auction may amend, modify, waive or supersede the terms herein unless such amendment, waiver or modification is contained in a writing signed by all parties.

If any section of these Conditions of Sale or any term or provision of any section is held to be invalid, void, or unenforceable by any court

of competent jurisdiction, the remaining sections or terms and provisions of a section shall continue in full force and effect without being impaired or invalidated in any way.

Governing Law and Enforcement The Parties agree that any agreements between the Parties including but not limited to these Conditions of Sale are entered into in Boston, Massachusetts, no matter where Bidder is situated and no matter by what means or where Bidder was informed of the Auction and regardless of whether catalogs, materials, or other communications were received by Bidder in another location.

The Parties agree that these Conditions of Sale, and any other related agreement(s) are governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard for its conflict of laws principles.

The Parties agree that any dispute related to or arising out of these Conditions of Sale, or related to or arising out of any other related agreement(s) shall be submitted to confidential binding arbitration (the “Arbitration”) before a single Arbitrator of the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”). The Parties agree that the Arbitration shall be conducted pursuant to the commercial rules of the AAA. In the event that the Parties cannot agree on the selection of the Arbitrator, then the Arbitrator shall be selected by the AAA. The prevailing Party in the Arbitration shall be entitled to recover all of its related costs, whether before or after the formal institution of the Arbitration, including but not limited to its reasonable attorneys’ fees and, if RR Auction prevails, the Buyer’s Premium as defined in these Conditions of Sale. The Parties agree that Bidder shall have no right to recover consequential or indirect damages, or lost profits damages.

The Parties consent to the enforcement of the decision in the Arbitration pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act in either the courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

Except as provided in Bidder’s Remedies with regard to the Certification of Authenticity, any dispute, claim, cause of action related to or arising out of these Conditions of Sale or any other agreement(s) between the Parties must be brought within one (1) year of the acts, omissions or circumstances giving rise to the alleged claim, without exceptions. This provision is intended as a full, complete and absolute release of any claims after one (1) year of such acts, omissions or circumstances. The Parties agree further that these waiver provisions are intended to be binding on all parties in the event of any dispute, specifically including but not limited to third party claims and cross-actions brought by either RR Auction or Bidder. These provisions are consideration for the execution of these Conditions of Sale.

The Bidder hereby agrees that RR Auction shall be entitled to present these Conditions of Sale to a court in any jurisdiction other than set forth in this paragraph as conclusive evidence of the Parties’ agreement, and the Parties further agree that the court shall immediately dismiss any action filed in such jurisdiction.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, RR Auction may, in its sole discretion, enforce its rights pursuant to these Conditions of Sale in the courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts rather than in an Arbitration related to or arising out of any Auction of an item sold for less than $10,000. This right shall relate to the individual item price, such that RR Auction may, in its sole discretion, enforce its rights pursuant to these Conditions of Sale in the courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts rather than in an Arbitration for items that in the aggregate exceed $10,000. The prevailing Party in such a proceeding shall be entitled to recover all of its related costs, whether before or after the formal institution of the proceeding, including but not limited to its reasonable attorneys’ fees and, if RR Auction prevails, the Buyer’s Premium as defined in these Conditions of Sale. This right of enforcement is unique to RR Auction, and these Conditions of Sale are a waiver by the Bidder of any right to enforcement or adjudication outside of an Arbitration.

CONDUCT OF AUCTION Estimate Prices: In addition to descriptive information, each item in the Catalog sometimes includes a price range which reflects opinion as to the price expected at auction (the “Estimate Prices”). In other instances, Estimate Prices can be obtained by calling RR Auction at (603) 7324280. The Estimate Prices are based upon various factors including prices recently paid at auction for comparable property, condition, rarity, quality, history and provenance. Estimate Prices are prepared well in advance of the sale and subject to revision. Estimates do not include the Buyer’s Premium or sales tax (see under separate heading).

Owned or Guaranteed Property: RR Auction generally offers property consigned by others for sale at public auction; in very limited occasion, lots are offered that are the property of RR Auction.

Before the Auction: Bidder may attend pre-sale viewing for all of RR Auction’s auctions at no charge. All property to be auctioned is usually on view for several days prior to the sale. Bidder is encouraged to examine lots thoroughly. Bidder may also request condition reports (see below). RR Auction’s staff are available at viewings and by appointment.

Maximum Bids – All Auctions: To maximize Bidder’s chance of winning, RR Auction strongly encourages the use of maximum bids. RR Auction will then bid for Bidder until the lot reaches Bidder’s specified maximum. Maximum bids are strictly confidential. Placing arbitrary, non-incremental bids on lots with prior maximum bids may result in these lots being sold for less than 10% above the under Bidder’s bid.

Successful Bids: The fall of RR Auction’s hammer indicates the final bid. RR Auction will record the paddle number of the Bidder. If Bidder’s salesroom or absentee bid is successful, Bidder will be notified after the sale by mailed or emailed invoice.

Unsold Lots: If a lot does not reach the reserve, it is bought-in. In other words, it remains unsold and is returned to the Consignor. RR Auction has the right to sell certain unsold items after the close of the Auction.

Such lots shall be considered sold during the Auction and all these Terms and Conditions shall apply to such sales including but not limited to the Buyer’s Premium, return rights, and disclaimers.

Bidding—Timed Auction: Bidder may open, monitor, and/or raise bids at any time before the close of a lot through www.rrauction.com. RR Auction offers a callback service the day of the Auction, but Bidder is responsible for supplying a correct telephone number(s) where Bidder can be reached until the Auction closes. Bidder must request this service in writing.

RR Auction will make reasonable efforts to ensure that Bidders who request a callback are contacted if outbid; however, RR Auction does not guarantee this service and it is merely a courtesy and not an enforceable right. The auctioneer may also execute a bid on behalf of the consignor to protect the reserve, either by entering a bid in response to salesroom, telephone or absentee bids. Under no circumstances will the auctioneer place any bid on behalf of the consignor above the reserve. The auctioneer will not specifically identify bids placed on behalf of the consignor to protect the reserve.

To ensure proper registration, those Bidders intending to bid via the Internet must visit www.RRauction.com and register accordingly at least one full day prior to the actual auction. Winning bidders will be notified by RR Auction. RR Auction is not responsible or liable for any problems, delays, or any other issues or problems resulting out of use of the Internet generally or specifically, including but not limited to transmission, execution or processing of bids.

Any Bidder may bid on any lot prior to 6 pm EST/EDT. At that time, an extended bidding period goes into effect. If Bidder has not bid on a lot before 6 pm EST/EDT, Bidder may not bid on that lot after 6 pm EST/EDT. Only those Bidders who have placed bids on a lot before 6 pm EST/EDT will be allowed to bid on that lot after 6 pm EST/EDT. If Bidder is the only Bidder on a lot at 6 pm EST/EDT, that lot is awarded to Bidder. During the extended bidding period, a lot will remain open only to those who bid on that lot prior to 6 pm EST/ EDT. All lots WITHOUT an opening bid at 6 pm EST/EDT will remain OPEN to ALL Bidders until 7 pm EST/EDT or until they receive their first bid. These lots will close immediately upon receipt of a bid or at 7 pm EST/EDT, whichever comes first. For all lots that are active after 7 pm EST/EDT, bidding will remain open until 30 minutes pass without a bid being placed on THAT lot (the “30 Minute Rule”). The 30 Minute Rule is applied on a PER LOT BASIS; each lot in the Auction closes individually based on bidding activity after 7 pm EST/ EDT. On a PER LOT BASIS, the 30 minute timer will reset each time a bid is placed after 7 pm EST/EDT. If Bidder is the high Bidder, raising Bidder’s maximum bid will NOT reset the timer. RR Auction reserves the right to close the Auction at any time at its sole discretion.

Bidding - Internet – Live Auction: Bidder may open, monitor, and/or raise bids at any time before the close of a lot through www.rrauction.com. RR Auction offers a callback service the day of the Auction, but Bidder is responsible for supplying a correct telephone number(s) where Bidder can be reached until the Auction closes. Bidder must request this service in writing.

RR Auction will make reasonable efforts to ensure that Bidders who request a callback are contacted if outbid; however, RR Auction does not guarantee this service and it is merely a courtesy and not an enforceable right.

To ensure proper registration, those Bidders intending to bid via the Internet must visit www.RRauction.com and register accordingly at least one full day prior to the actual auction. Winning bidders will be notified by RR Auction. RR Auction is not responsible or liable for any problems, delays, or any other issues or problems resulting out of use of the Internet generally or specifically, including but not limited to transmission, execution or processing of bids.

Property is auctioned in consecutive numerical order, as it appears in the catalog. The auctioneer will accept bids from those present in the salesroom or absentee bidders participating by telephone, internet or by written bid left with RR Auction in advance of the auction.

The auctioneer may also execute a bid on behalf of the consignor to protect the reserve, either by entering a bid in response to salesroom, telephone or absentee bids. Under no circumstances will the auctioneer place any bid on behalf of the consignor above the reserve. The auctioneer will not specifically identify bids placed on behalf of the consignor to protect the reserve.

During live Auctions, internet bids can be placed in real time through one or more of the following Third Party services: www.liveauctioneers.com, www.invaluable.com and www.icollector.com. RR Auction is not responsible or liable for any problems, delays, or any other issues or problems resulting out of use of the Internet generally or specifically, including but not limited to transmission, execution or processing of bids. RR Auction treats any third-party site bids as floor or telephone bids. Floor bids and telephone bids are always considered first over third party sites bids, and floor bids are considered earlier than telephone bids. All RR Auction lots purchased through the third party sites carry an additional Buyer’s Premium.

Miscellaneous: Agreements between Bidders and Consignors to effectuate a nonsale of an item at Auction, inhibit bidding on a consigned item to enter into a private sale agreement for said item, or to utilize RR Auction’s Auction to obtain sales for non-selling consigned items subsequent to the Auction, are strictly prohibited. If a subsequent sale of a previously consigned item occurs in violation of this provision, RR Auction reserves the right to charge Bidder the applicable Buyer’s

Premium and Consignor a Seller’s Commission as determined for each auction venue and by the terms of the seller’s agreement.

Acceptance of these Terms and Conditions qualifies Bidder as a client who has consented to be contacted by RR Auction in the future.

In conformity with “do-not-call” regulations promulgated by the Federal or State regulatory agencies, participation by the Bidder is affirmative consent to being contacted at the phone number shown in his application and this consent shall remain in effect until it is revoked in writing. RR Auction may from time to time contact Bidder concerning sale, purchase, and auction opportunities available.

Rules of Construction: RR Auction presents properties in a number of collectible fields, and as such, specific venues have promulgated supplemental Terms and Conditions. Nothing herein shall be construed to waive the general Conditions of Sale by these additional rules and shall be construed to give force and effect to the rules in their entirety.

GLOSSARY OF CONDITION TERMS FOR DECADES, RR AUCTION HAS LED THE INDUSTRY IN PROVIDING AN ACCURATE AND DETAILED CONDITION STATEMENT FOR EACH ITEM THAT WE SELL. STARTING IN 2016 WE’VE DECIDED TO TAKE A FRESH APPROACH TO DESCRIBING EACH ITEM’S CONDITION. As our website and catalog images continually improve, and bidders can see obvious details from those excellent images, we’ve decided to simplify things, using the same terminology to describe an item’s overall condition (on an ascending scale of 1 to 4: good, very good, fine, very fine), but only adding specific details, if any, that would not be obvious from the illustration.

VERY FINE describes an item in virtually flawless condition, and is used sparingly for items of exceptionally attractive appearance.

FINE is the most common statement of condition, and applies to most items that we offer. It describes items that show expected handling wear, generally acceptable random flaws (such as light creases, small bends, etc.), and an overall appearance that is pleasing to the majority of collectors.

VERY GOOD describes an item that exhibits more moderate flaws (such as toning, light staining, professional reinforcements or repairs, etc.). Most collectors would be comfortable with items in very good condition, and this would be the expected condition for many formats (early presidential documents, for example).

GOOD describes an item with obvious visible flaws, including heavy wear, missing portions, or repairs that affect appearance; generally items in this condition are offered only if an item is otherwise exceedingly rare or important.

Of course we’re more than happy to provide more in-depth information about any item via phone or email. We hope this new system will make for easier reading and a more pleasant bidding experience.

CONTRIBUTORS

Bob Eaton CEO, Acquisitions bob.eaton@RRAuction.com

Tricia Eaton Chief Marketing Officer tricia.eaton@RRAuction.com

Dan McCarthy Writer, Researcher dan.mccarthy@RRAuction.com

Carla Eaton Owner, Auctioneer carla.eaton@RRAuction.com

Samantha Belmonte Administrative Assistant samantha.belmonte@RRAuction.com

Evan Mugford Writer evan.mugford@RRAuction.com

Bobby Livingston Executive Vice President, Public Relations bobby.livingston@RRAuction.com

Fiona Lenaire Administration Support Representative fiona.lenaire@RRAuction.com

Sue Recks Customer Service Executive sue.recks@RRAuction.com

Bobby Eaton Chief Operating Officer Auctioneer, MA/Lic. #3214 bobby.eaton@RRAuction.com

Kathleen Palmer Marketing and Content Director kathleen.palmer@RRAuction.com

Mandy Eaton-Casey Finance Manager amanda.casey@RRAuction.com

Linda Hernandez Quality Control, Consignor Services Manager linda.hernandez@RRAuction.com

Elizebeth Otto Consignment Director elizebeth.otto@RRAuction.com

Joe Doucette Lead Inventory Executive joe.doucette@RRAuction.com

Jon Siefken Consignment Director jon.siefken@RRAuction.com

Kevin Lessard Shipping Executive kevin.lessard@RRAuction.com

Louis Bollman Sports Consignment Director louis.bollman@RRAuction.com

Bill White Lead Autograph Appraiser bill.white@RRAuction.com

Sarina Carlo Creative Director sarina.carlo@RRAuction.com Cameron Johnson Photographer, Media Specialist cameron.johnson@RRAuction.com Sylvia Nassy Accounts Payable sylvia.nassy@RRAuction.com Dan Robillard IT Administrator dan.robillard@RRAuction.com

Robert S. Eaton Sr. 1940–2001

QUESTIONS

CONTACT INFO

If you have any questions about this lot or how to place your bids, please contact Tricia at Tricia.Eaton@RRAuciton.com or by phone at (603) 732-4280.

(603) 732-4280 www.RRAuction.com AUCTION GALLERY 236 Commercial Street, Boston, MA 02109 MA/Lic #3214

WE ARE CURRENTLY SEEKING CONSIGNMENTS FOR MANY OF OUR EXCITING SALES

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www.RRAuction.com

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(603) 732-4280

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Boston, Massachusetts