BIOLOGY, Mathematics and IT
Training path for the application of mathematics and IT The Aim of this project is to present various hybrids and experiments in genetics with appropriate animations. These are difficult issues in biology and health education. Traditional methods are integrated with innovative teaching . We apply appropriate IT in the classroom.
Milestones in the project:
1. Specification of the subject. 2. Finding a design appropriate to the topic. 3. Producing a map of the application. 4. Making a proper introduction. 5. Selecting appropriate background music for the presentation. 6. Selection of materials. 7. Elaboration of the text part
Realization of ideas since 2006 and share our experience of IT conferences and events
Level of complexity of the project: Difficulty in building the interface and animation schemes. Logical and functional description of the decision. The solution is implemented in a module with the following structure
s term
Monohibrid crossing
Dihibrid crossing
introduction
content
for the curious hereditary diseases In humans
Gregor Mendel
results t inan dom recess ive
sexual inheritance
allelic interactions non-allelic interactions
contents Monohibrid crossing
Dihibrid crossing
allele interactions
non-allelic interactions
succession gender
for the curious
Monohibrid crossing Complete dominance - one allele inhibits the expression of the other (Aa); Tracks appearance of a scar. P- parenta –parents F – filia – daughter generation АА, Аа, аа –genotype gametes Genotype : set of genes localized into the chromosome
Phenotype : a set of signs of parents that an organism exhibits in their individual development.
Dihibrid  crossing It tracks The inheritance of two pairs of mutually exclusive signs. Color and shape of pea seeds Yellow smooth And green rough In F2 we obtain Yellow rough And green smooth
F1 : All individuals have a strong red. F2: disintegration in the phenotype 3:1 occurrence of a recessive white gene (aa) F3:disintegration in the phenotype 5:3 info
Monohibrid  crossing
incomplete dominance
Both alleles occur equally. Thus we get a new colour In experiments with red and white peas, in the F2 we obtain a new pink.
epistatic interaction
One gene suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene. Genes which have a suppressive effect are called "suppressor" or "inhibitors." They can be both dominant and recessive. Repressed genes are called "hypostatic"
Heredity gender
In fruit flies (drosophila) the number of chromosomes in the body cells of females and males is the same. In females, all homologous chromosomes form a pair, while the remaining two male chromosomes, differ from one another. One of them is a female. This is the X-chromosome. The other is found only in males. It is referred to as Ychromosome
Some congenital diseases are due to a change in the number of chromosomes - more or less, but are not necessarily inherited. This change (mutation) occurs spontaneously under the influence of known and unknown factors. Inheritance of a disease can be embedded in the sex chromosomes X or Y Such heredity is called sexually related. Diseases set in other chromosomes are transmitted in two ways dominant and recessive. dominant
recessive
dominant inheritance •
•
Each carrier of the disease gene is affected by the disease. The child who receives this gene is also sick. Of the 100 children who had a parent with a dominantly inherited disease, 50% will be sick. •
Succession of dominants back
• • • • • •
Familial hemolytic anemia, dwarfism, neurofibromatosis, Marfan syndrome, and others Are dominantly inherited .
In recessive inheritance a disease will manifest itself in a child only when he /she has got a disease gene from the father and the mother. Parents may be visibly . healthy, but carriers of the gene. Of the 100 parents with this gene 25% will be affected, 25% will be healthy and 50% apparently healthy, but carriers of the disease, like their parents. Recessive inherited diseases are : cystic fibrosis, Albinism, thalassemia, phenylketonuria and others. recessive inheritance
Monohibrid crossing .
Gregor Mendel "Father of genetics" Has done a lot of experiments with peas, to find and formulate arguments which are later converted into the laws of genetics. Crossing dihibrids gives 16 combinations of the alleles. The Paneth”grid is used to trace geno-and phenotypes Result.
Between the frequency of allelic states of the gene of genotypic and phenotypic classes of a relationship, which is expressed mathematically by the formula developed in 1908 independently of each other, the English mathematician Hardy and German physician Weinberg (law of Hardy-Weinberg). Scientists found that the ratio between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes are subject to mathematical law expressing factor decomposition of a binomial. 2 2 а + b = a + 2 ab + b ( ) 2
The mathematical expression for the relationship between the frequency of the allelic state of a gene and the frequency of the genotypes and phenotypes is important for the analysis of genotypic diversity of the structure of the population in both the equilibrium and in dynamics.
Realization: In preparing the project used Microsoft PowerPoint - licensed version provided to the school by the Ministry of Education, Photoshop CS4 Trial version. These technological tools provide the fullest opportunity for the project. Description of the installation of the application: The application does not need installation. Launch of "Genetika.ppt".
Exhibition – 2013 Mathematics, Biology, IT
Interactively to have tasks in human genetics, blood groups, color of eyes, hair and skin. In solving them using all or part of schemes have already seen and animations. We have made an interesting crossword genetic concepts.
sources Biology and Health Education Grade 11, Publishing House "Enlightenment"
http://www.evolutsionataizmama.com/chapter3.php
The idea of NEDEVA Rumyana, teacher of mathematics and IT
We Kremena Plamena Rosicta
thank Rumenova Cvetanova Radkova
The authors thank Monica Staykova and Rosalina Miteva for the translation into English