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:
CATALOGUE
INDIAN COINS
THE b:ritish museum.
GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS Or BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
LONDON
PKIJSrTED
BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES. LONGMANS &
QtTAEITOH, 16, Piooadiiit CovEWT Gaedeh, and at Beelis B.
j
Paeis: 0.
;
CO., Pateesosteb
Eow;
ASHBR & CO., 13, Bedeohd Steeet, TRUBNER 8j CO., 67 & 59, LiTDaATE Hill. A.
BOLLIN & FB0ABDENT,
4,
Ede de Lonvois.
:
THE COINS ,
or THE
GREEK AND SCYTSIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA
THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
BY PEECY GAEDNEE,
Litt. D.
DISNET PJtOFESBOK OP ABCITAEOLOGT IK THE rSIVEESTTT OF CAMBKIDGE.
EDITED BY
EEGINALD STUAET POOLE,
LL.D.
CORHESPONDBNT OF THB INSTITUTE OP FBANCE-
LONDON
FEINTED BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES. 1886.
:
LONDON PHINTED BY GILBEBT AND HIVINGTON, LIMITED, ST.
(tnixL^
JOHN'S SQUABE, CLEEKENWBI-L,
y\^.^.Ajux^^ w.
&»(^.
E.G.
Cr^.A-^ .f
Mu^CxA,
PREFACE.
EDITOR'S
The
present volume contains
all
the coins which were issued by
who
the Greek and Scythic kings
ruled in India and the neigh-
bouring lands between the time of Alexander the Great and the third century a.d.
The work has been long and and
editor,
The number of unusual
printer.
contains has greatly hindered difficulties is
laborious,
its
progress
have not been the only ones.
;
alike to compiler,
characters which
it
but the typographical
The
history of the kings
very obscure, and the types employed on their coins often of a
mixed and uncertain numismatics
even
offer
philological;
character.
On
richer material,
though
the other hand, few fields of
historical,
philological
archaeological,
theories
are
and
necessarily
excluded from these pages. Special thanks are due to General Cunningham, R.E.,
who has
allowed the compiler free use of his plates published in recent
volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle, and has thus enabled the present wise be
work :
to
be rendered
also to Professor
philological aid.
far
more complete than
Cecil Bendall,
it
could other-
who has given
valuable
vi
editoe's preface.
The system of
transliteration
adopted for Prakrit words
is
that
used by Professor Aufrecht in the Sanskritic Catalogue of the Bodleian Library; also in the Catalogue of Books in the British
Museum. I have carefully revised the manuscript of this work, comparing
each coin with the corresponding description.
EEGINALD STUART POOLE.
CONTENTS.
KODUCTION :—
CONTENTS.
II.
Insceiptions
itl.
MONOGBAMS
IV.
Types:—
Geebk,' Indian, and Sotthic
liii
Iv
.
Greek types
Ivi
Semi-Hellenic types .
Hindu
Ivii
.
types
Iviii
Parthian types
lix
.
Types of Yueh-Clii Kings V.
VI.
Weights Normal weights
The
Am an
VII. Table
Ix Ixvii
Ixix
of coins
Pali Alphabet
Ixx
transliterations
op
AND
RENDERINGS
OF
Prakrit legends
Ixxii
......... ......... ........ ......... .»...._. ......... ......... .......
COIN CATALOGUE:— Andtagoras
Sophytes Diodotus
I.
Euthydem^^s
Demetrius
Euthydemus Pantaleon Agathocles
Antimachus Eucratides
I.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.4
.
...... ..... .. .........
I.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
^.
.
.......... ......... ......... .......
Antialcidas
2
.
'
Heliocles,
Lysias
.
II.
Eucratides with Heliocles and Laodice Plato
.
1
6
8 9
10 12 13 19
20 21
25
29
Diomedes
31
Archebius
32
ApoUodotus
I.
.
34
ApoUodotus II
37
Strato 1
40
Agathocleia with Strato
43
CONTENTS.
X
CONTENTS.
CONTENTS.
XI PASA
Arsaces Dikaios Arsaces Theos
Kadphises II
Kanerkes
174 175
.
.........
175 175
INDEXES :— I-
II.
Types
177
Kings, Tyrants, &c.
III. Titles of
184
Kings—
A. Greek
B. Scythic, in Greek C.
Indian Titles and
186 letters
Words
.... .
rV. Remarkable Inscriptions and Legends
.
.
.
.
.
.
187 187 190
Table for converting English Indies into Millimetres and tbe Measures of Mionnet's Scale
191
Table of the relative Weights of English Grains and French
Grammes
....
....
192
LIST OF PLATES.
LIST OF PLATES. I.
II.
Andragoras, Sophytes, Diodotus, EuthyJemus
Euthydemus
I.,
III.
Demetrius, Euthydemus
rv.
Agathocles.
V.
Antimachus
VI.
VII. VIII.
IX. X.
XL XIL
I.,
II.,
Pantaleon.
Eucratides.
Eucratides, Plato. Heliocles, Autialcidas.
Antialcidas, Lysias, Diomedes.
Archebius, ApoUodotus. Apollodotus, Strato Strato
I.
Aga1;hocleia,
I.,
Menander.
Menander, Epander, Dionysius,
Zoilus.
XIIL
ApoUophanes, Artemidorus, Antimachus
XIV.
Hippostratus, Amyntas.
XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
Maues, Azes. Azes. Azes.
Azes, AzUises.
XXIV.
Basileus Megas, Heiaiis, Hyrcodes, &c.
Vonones, Spalahores, &c.
SpaUrises &c., Gondophai-es.
Abdagases, Zeionises &c., Pacores, Orthagnes, Sanabares.
Kadphises
XXVI. XXVII.
Kanerkes.
XXVIII.
Hooerkes.
XXXII.
Philoxcnus, Niuias.
Maues.
Azilises,
XXIX. XXX. XXXI.
II.,
Hermaeus, Calliope, Kanjabala.
XXI. XXII. XXIII.
XXV.
I.
Demetrius.
I.,
Kadaphes, Kadphises
Kanerkes, Hooerkes.
Hooerkes, Bazodeo, &c.
Supplementary.
II.
THE COINS OF THE
GEEEK AND SGYTHIC KINGS OF
BACTEIA AND INDIA.
INTRODUCTION. In treating of the arrangement of the coins of the Greek and ^cythic Kings of Bactria and India,
Necessity for here
examining
dynasties succeeded one another in a
known
events of their reigns have been handed It
facts of their
was therefore unnecessary
order,
down
and the chief
to us
by ancient
to give the facts of
history as an introduction to the lists of the coins issued
But
ia regard to all but
necessary
The Kings of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic
history.
writers.
known
to enter briefly into all the
his-
it is
two or three of the kings
the ancient historians are quite silent ;
their
by them.
of the farther Bast,
and coins and
alone save us from ignorance even of their names.
inscriptions
Therefore
it is
necessary in this Introduction to trace the outlines of any history
which can now be recovered, and in particular in some forth the historical facts which
of the coins.
may
be estabhshed by means
In order to bring the discussion into the narrowest
possible limits,
it
wiU be necessary
jecture, however- tempting
;
points, merely indicating
where
referring,
fairly
detail to set
when
possible, to
(1)
to abstain
from mere con-
avoid full discussion of disputed
(2) to
difference of
opinion exists, and
works already published, or monographs
in various numismatic journals;
(3)
to treat in detail only such
parts of history as have a numismatic bearing.
The
writers to
Most important writers.
whom
credit is
pherment
due for the arrangement and deci-
of these coins are, in the first rank,
Prinsep* and
General Alexander
James
Cunningham.f
* Essays on Indian Antiquities.
f Coins
of the Successors of Alexander,
Numismatic
Chronicle, 1868, &o^
b
INTRODUCTION.
XVIU
Mr. E. Thomas,* Lassen^f and Wilson.J
liave
also
done much
important workj both historical and numismatic, in the same
The most recent monograph on the whose scholarly acquirements and enabled him
coins
solid
is
that of
von
field.
Sallet,§
numismatic judgment have
on many points the theories of his prede-
to correct
Mr. James Pergusson's and Professor CowelFs researches
cessors.
have also been of the greatest value to the present purpose ; and there
much
is
valuable matter in von Gutschmid's article on the
Grraeco-Parthian Britannica, it
will
s.
Empire
in the ninth edition of the Encydopcedia
When
v. Persia.
a debt
due to other writers,
is
be mentioned in the foot-notes.
I.
The numismatics Alexander the Great:
HisTOKicAL Outlines.
of the
Greek
^n^^ Diodotus. \t^
rulers of India properly begins
But
there are a few coins issued
India or neighbouring countries at an earlier
Eulers who issued coin B.C.
330—
*°*'"
period than his, which are, for convenience, in-
eluded jn this volume.
Whether Alexander
during his sojourn in India, issued coins in his
perhaps be doubted
certain bronze coins, his
but
;
[]
it is
himself,
own name, may
at least a plausible conjecture that
bearing the usual types of Alexander and
name, but of square form, were issued in India^ as the custom
of issuing square coins already existed in India in Alexander's time
but in no other country. in the British
These pieces, then, unfortunately wanting
Museum, may be considered
as the earliest
Greek
coins of India.
* Notes
to Prinsep's Essays.
f Indische AUerthumshunde. X Ariana Antiqua, § Zeitschrift filr Numismatih, Berlin 1879. The conjecture is Dannenberg's, Zeitschr. f. Num. vi. 166 (note), who, however, gives the coins to Bactria. India is a far more reasonable attribution.. II
;
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
In recent years the region of Balkli
XIX
(Bactria) has furnished
an
abundant supply of coins, issued by the immediate successors of Alexander in that
Greek
letters
Among
district.*
on the obverse
j
these are double darics, with
gold and silver coins of the
three
first
Antiochi, with the types of a seated Apollo and of a horse's head silver coins of Seleucus
a horse's head
Antiochus
I.,
I.,
coins issued during the joint reigns of Seleucus
;
bearing the names of both rulers
an early king of the Persepolitan
Among
these also have silver, of
;
with types of a chariot of elephants and
and gold money of
;
with Pehlvi legend.
class,
come
to light a few coins, in gold
named Andragoras, who
a king
and
and con-
is
jectured to have been ruler of Parthia or one of the
neighbouring countries in the early part of the third century
The
only ancient authority
states
up
who mentions
this
Andragoras to have been the name of of Parthia
as Satrap
by Alexander,
by
overthrown eighty years later
the
,
king
a Satrap of Parthia Arsaces.
first
B.C.
who
a Persian noble set
(1)
(2)
is Justin,-!"
more
It is
probable that the coins published in our catalogue belong to the
The
period of the second of these rulers. that the ruler
and
who
issued
them claimed
issue of gold coin
this is a further reason for assigning
him
to the time of the
break np of the Seleucid empire in the East, about
The coins of Sophytes were They
first
250.
B.C.
pubHshed by Cunningham.f
more interesting because
are the
shows
a complete independence
their date
Sophytes.
and place of
We learn from
can be approximately fixed.
issue
several of the historians of Alexander's reign that
Sopeithes, or Sophytes, ruled a district on the banks of the Acesines * P. Gardner, ham, in B. A.
S.
in
Num.
Chron. 1879,
B. Journal, 1881,
p.
1
p. 151.
;
1880, p. 181
;
1881,
p. 8.
river enriched the cabinets of collectors.
t
Justin,
X
Num.
xii. 4, xli.
4
Chron. 1866,
Of.
Num.
p. 220.
Canning-
Especially has a find from the
Chron. 1879,
p. 1
;
1881, p.
8.
Oxus
J
XX
INTKODTJCTION.
and was confirmed by the But Sophytes' coins are copied from
at the time of Alexander's invasion, latter in the possession of
it.
the issues, not of Alexander, but of Seleucus.
It
would appear
from them that Sophytes renewed with Seleucus, very probably on the occasion of that king's eastern expedition against Sandracottus, the friendship which he had established with Alexander.
After this expedition, for the period of a century, that
is
to say
during the third century before our era, India proper was governed altogether
by
native rulers
j
the power of the Seleucidae and Greek
kings of Bactria stopping at the Indian Caucasus.
The date Th B
t
of the revolt of Bactria against the authority of the
n
revolt. 10
Seleucidae,
who had
inherited all the eastern parts
of the empire of Alexander, cannot be accurately
us.
fixed.
Justin,* however, states that
was con-
it
temporary with another revolt of one of the eastern provinces of the Seleucid empire, that of the Parthians under Arsaces
which took place
in B.C.
About
248.t
;
an event
that time, then, Diodotus,
Satrap of Bactria, revolted against Antiochus
succeeded in establishing his independence.
He
II.
of
Syria,
and
seems to have pre-
pared his subjects for a change of masters by issuing coin bear,
ing the types of Antiochus
II. of Syria, -but
with his
own
portrait.
After his establishment in the kingdom he continued this issue
unchanged, only substituting his for that of ^he Seleucid king. died,
and was succeeded by
own name,
According to Justin, ยง Diodotus soon
his son, also
a treaty of alliance with Arsaces, the
seems clear that
all
besides his portrait,
coins which have
*
xli. 4.
f
Gardner, The Parthian Coinage, p.
named Diodotus, who made
first
Parthian king.
come down
But
it
to us bearing the
3.
J Br. Mus. Catalogue of Seleucid Coins, p. 15. Cf. Num. Chron. 1881, p. 11. Justin calls Diodotus Theodotus. But Trogus Pompeius seems to ยง xli. 4. have had the name right, Frol.
lib. xli.
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
XXI
name- of Diodotus were issued by one king. either suppose that Justin is
We
'
must therefore
wrong and has duplicated a
single
monarch, or that the younger Diodotus continued the issue of his
money unchanged,
father's
finally,
or,
continued during his lifetime
to
that
issue
elder Diodotus
the
money
in
the
name
of
Antiochus of Syria, and that our coins with the name of Diodotus
were issued by his
son,
name and
on the
portrait
who
first
ventured to introduce his
Between these
coin.
cannot venture to decide ; in favour of the that the portrait of Diodotus
on
more than middle age; the
coins
elderly portrait, being
We
now
""^ "
of
flat
fabric,
was superseded
possibly a Satrap of
who was
we
may be observed man of not
his coins is that of a
by Buthydemus, a native
Antiochus
alternatives
and bearing an
considered forgeries.
learn that Diodotus
Eastern expedi-
last, it
own
in full
in the rule of Bactria
of Magnesia, in Ionia,
some neighbouring province,
power
at the time
when Antiochus
III.
the G-reat made his eastern expedition, in or about
The
B.C. 208.
his history
battle
accurate pages of Polybius* give us a glimpse into
which
is
very valuable.
by Antiochus, and unable
Buthydemus being defeated
in
to oppose him, appealed to his
generosity, saying that he was born in Asia Minor, and was not one
who had revolted against Antiochus II., but, on the contrary, had gained the kingdom after rooting out the descendants of those of those
who had arise if
so revolted.
He
he were obliged
pointed out the grave danger that must to call in the aid of the Scythians,
who
were already hovering on the Chinese frontier of his dominions. Antiochus seems to have been open to conviction finally, he agreed :
acknowledge Buthydemus' independence ; and, taking a fancy to Demetrius his son, promised him one of his own daughters in to
marriage. * Hist.
X.
ad fin.,
xi. 34.
;
INTUODTJCTION.
Xxii
After making
terms
Euthydemus, Antioclius advanced
witli
and made a treaty with the
into India,
across the Paropamisus
who seems
Indian king, Sophagasenus, or Subhagasena, time to have been in
full
dominion stretching
at that
possession of the Kabul Valley, the Greek
little,
at
if
to the south of the Indian
all,
and
Thence Antiochus returned, through Arachosia
Caucasus.
Drangiana, to Syria.
With the beginning
of
the second century
changes taking Eucratides
in
the
Demetrius succeeded ' and we :
find, as
his son
contemporary .
rival of the latter, the great Eucratides,
At
whose
and defeat may be partly traced
career of chequered victory historical records.
great
Greek regions of
_
and
find
On the death of Euthydemus,
Central Asia.
:
conquests to East & South
place
we
b.c.
in
the same time the Greeks, perhaps in con-
sequence of the constantly increasing pressure from the north of the nomadic tribes of Central Asia,
made
their
way
the
across
Indian Caucasus, and began to wrest from the native Indian princes the districts of Kabul and the Panjab, which had been
dominion
native
Antiochus
III.,
by the
from
and which Diodotus does not seem
for coins of Diodotus are not
On
kings
Seleucid
left
Seleucus to
under I.
to
have attacked
found south of the Indian Caucasus.
the other hand, those of Euthydemus are found as far south as
Seistan,
and
as far east as the Panjab ;*
and the
city of Sagala, in
the neighbourhood of Lahore, bore the surname of Euthydemia.
Thus the sudden extension of the Greek pale would seem a feature of the later years of Euthydemus.
statements of ancient writers, that the
Euthydemus but in the
kingdom
his son Demetrius,
p.
137.
it
at Attok.
been
appears, from the
actual conqueror
who was probably
as well as his successor.
* Some were found in the Indus 1869,
But
to have
was not
his colleague
Thus Justinf speaks of
See Cunningham, in
t
xli. 6.
Num.
Chron.,
HISTOETCAL OUTLINES.
XXlll
Demetrius as king of India, and Strabo* couples him with Menander as a chief agent of is
Greek conquest
that Demetrius
made
in India.
What seems most likely
considerable conquests during his father^s
lifetime.
We are, however, scarcely justified in saying, as does v.Gutschmid.f that -'Demetrius himself marched
down the
course of the Indus,
conquered Pattala and the kingdom of Saraostes (Surashtra) and Sigerdis, probably the district of the commercial city Barygaza."
The
careless
language of the passage of Strabo
in
which these-places
are mentioned as within the Greek pale seems only to imply that
some
of the
Greek kings extended their conquests
so far
j
and
it is
reasonable to suppose that the rule of Menander was extended farther to south
and east than that of Demetrius ;
conquest of the Indus valley
to
Menander
may be with more
Not only did Euthydemus
therefore the
reason ascribed.
acquire, through his
son's
activity,
territory in India, but he also probably ruled the widest district
ever possessed by the Greeks to the north of the Paropamisus,
from
Margiana to
Chinese
Tartary.
Even
into
the
Celestial
Empire the influence and the trade of the Greeks seems at this time to have penetrated.
Of
this a proof is furnished
by a coin
brought by Sir D. Forsyth from Kashgar,J bearing a Chinese legend
and inscribed with the name and Hermaeus.
by the
and usurpations
first
Antimachus.
11, 1.
of fresh kings of uncertain origin, such as the'
Most of
Strabo's
statements as to early Bactrian history
For instance, he speaks of the revolt of Arsaces Euthydemus. of
are loose and incorrect.
quent to the
rise
t In Bncycl. Brit,, Persia, p. 590. % Numism. Chron. 1879, p. 274. That formed, denied.
up
between Demetrius and Eucratides, as well as by the
rise
xl.
of a Greek king, possibly
After Euthydemus' death his dominions were broken
rivalry
* Geog.
titles
this coin is of iron, is
as subse-
now, I
am
in-
XXIV
INTEODTJCTION.
Of Eucratides
fortunate chance, the Coins of
We know, however, by a
also the origin is obscure.
names of
his father
and mother. -
»
.
.
These are tarnished to us by the remarkable coins *
Eucratides
with his father and mother.
^yhich bear
on one
side the
head of Eucratides, and
the inscription BaaiKev'i EvKpaTtST]<; ; on the other
The
the portraits of his father and mother, Heliocles and Laodice.
very collocation of the inscriptions which appear on the two sides of those
coins, BacriXevi EiiKpaTiSr]';
— 'HXiotcKeovi
icaX AaoSi/cr]<;,
where we seem almost compelled to understand the word shows that in them Eucratides intends to proclaim
seem to have been a king
Heliocles does not trait
at
»to?,
hia parentage.
all,
for hia
por-
wears no diadema, but Laodice's head does seem to be bound
with the diadema, in the Greek East the invariable sign of royalty.
And
indeed her appearance on coins in such a connexion would
scarcely be explicable unless she were of royal parentage.
must remain
in ignorance
whose daughter she was.
Yon
But we
Sallet has
proposed an entirely different interpretation of the coins in quea-
He
thinks that they were issued
by Eucratides, not in honour on the occasion of the marriage of his son Heliocles (who afterwards succeeded him) with a Laodice, whom tion.
of his parents, but
Sallet
have been daughter of Demetrius by the
conjectures to
daughter
of Antiochus III.,
whom
monarch
that
Demetrius in the course of his Indian campaign. thesis
some recent writers have
of theory.
But
it is
the one fact that the
to
)
of
name Laodice was
the Seleucid dynasty of Syria.
more weight.
The
how
Sallet
hypo-
On
young persons
In
its
favour
usual in (not peculiar
the other side are reasons
portraits of Hehocles
coins are of elderly, not
this
tried to build further structures
unfitted to bear such a weight.
is
betrothed to
On
;
and
and Laodice on the it is
not easy to see
would interpret in the inscriptions which accompany * See page
19, pi. vi, 9, 10.
XKV
HISTORICAL OUTLINES. the portraits
the genitive case in the names of Heliocles and
Laodice, unless he understands before them the word
with that of Eucratides (pL vii. 1, 2),
lie
any
vi.
(pi.
9),
and that of the younger Heliocles
must allow that it resembles Eucratides
than his son ; which artist
(pi. v. 0),
If
vto?.
one carefully compares the head of the elder Heliocles
far more nearly
may be best accounted for by supposing
that the
constructed the head of the elder Heliocles after his death,
on the analogy
of that of his son Eucratides.
The wars between Demetrius and Eucratides Wars
Justin ; *
of
Demetrius and
are mentioned by
but the statements of
be received with great
must
this writer
caution, nor can
we
believe
his assertions that the Indian conquests of Eucratides
belong to the end of his reign, or that Demetrius ruled until nearly the same time. coins
of Demetrius
For the coins seem
come
of Eucratides are very
commonly found
from Bactria, those
Kabul Valley.
in the
Greek legends
coins of Demetrius bear
and that they were
date than the
issued in India.
The
only, with rare exception,
while the bronze coins of Eucratides are nearly indication alike of their later
The
to contradict them.
in almost all cases
all bilingual,
money
We therefore,
an
of Demetrius
must
still
retain
the opinion that Demetrius ruled only during the early part of the reign of Eucratides in Bactria as well as in India, and that
Eucratides was for a great part of his reign lord of India as well as of
Bactria and Arachosia.
Eucratidia in Bactria;
Euthydemia
Eucratides founded
Demetrius, Demetrias
in
the city of
Arachosia,
and
in India.
Cunningham
places the
commencement
of the career of Eucratides
* " Multa tamen Eucratides bella magna virtute
gessit,
quibus adtritus
cum
obsidionem Demetrii regis Indorum pateretur, cum ceo. militibus Ix. milia hoslium adsiduis eruptionibus vicit. Qainto itaque mense liberatus Indiam in potes-
tatem redegit.
Unde cum
interficitnr."â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Justin,
se reciperet a
filio
quem socium
regni fecerat, in itinera
xli. 6.
e
INTRODUCTION.
XXVI Eeign
about
of
lucratides.
His reign began
right.*
tinued with chequered fortune coins are fonnd,f and their
We
power.
may
also
and tliis date must be approximately
B.C. 190,
;
commonness, seems
remark
his
over which hia
field
to testify to his great
assumption of the
a clear indication of extensive dominions,
fieya^ as
and was con-
brilliantly,
but the wide
title BaaiXeiif;
and the
fact
that his types and titles are copied
by the kings of
by Timarchus, king
showing how widely his money
But
circulated.
tain provinces
II
it
of Babylon,ยง as
appears that towards the end of his reign cer-
were wrested from him by the Parthians, probably king Mithradates, who came to the throne
in the time of their great
about
170.
B.C.
whom
Plato,
kings,
who
to have lasted
money,
certainly imitate his
the date on his unique and to have ruled in B.C. 165,
Plato.
B.C.
The reign of Bucratides appears
the times of two
until
Parthia,} and
remarkable coin shows
and Timarchus of Babylon
Plato would seem to have been a mere ephemeral rival,
162.
or a revolted satrap of Eucratides.
We must ^ ^, ^ luthydemus
assign to the period of the reign of Eucratides, that to the first half of the second century- B.C., the ' J
is,
, II.
.
coins
Pantaloon,
-Agathocles,
Att^machuTi.
kings
the
of
which was
Euthydemus
and Antimachus first
of style quite incontestable.
made by von
It
is
I.
II.,
Pantaleon,
This assignment,
Sallet^ is
on grounds
impossible, in view of the art
* There does not seem to be any conclusive evidence on the point, v. Sallet quotes the imitation of Eucratides' types by certain early Arsacid kings as a proof that Eucratides' reign began early; but the attribution of the early coins of the Arsacidae is a matter of dispute.
t According to Cunningham, they are found at Balkh, in Bokhara; the Kabul Valley, &c., and a few in the Panjab. t For
instance, Arsaces VI.,
Coinage, p. 31.
ยง B.
M.
Tn"
"
II
Seistan
xl. 11, ed.
Mithradates I. See Gardner. Tke Parthian Other writers attribute these coins to others of the Arsaoidae
Cat. Seleucidae,
pi.
'
xv. 2, p. 50.
.
'Aairiiivov Koi rifv Tovpioiav d(j>;^p7,vTo EiK/)ari'8,v bl Uapdva'wi
Kramer.
The names seem
corrupt,
:
Strabo
and have been variously amended.
XXVII
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
and
fabric of the coins of those kings, to give them, as previous
Cunningham
writers,
and
Bactrian
independence.
even
confirmed by the
And
did,
the
consideration
the earliest
to
evidence
that as
all
of style
is
days
of
further
these kings reigned
on the south side of the Paropamisus, they cannot be assigned to
an
than
period
earlier
of the
that
Indian
conquests
of
Demetrius.
This
new
light is of the utmost importance in the classification
of the earlier Greek kings of India
which was is
full
of difficulties,
:
entirely destroys
it
and puts
in
its
an order
place one which
thoroughly intelligible and satisfactory.
The
coins of the younger
to those
of Demetrius,
therefore, be
Buthydemus
are certainly subsequent
whose types they borrow.
no reasonable doubt that
younger son of Euthydemus
I.,
this
There can,
king was either the
or else the son of Demetriiis
and
grandson of Buthydemus
L As
demus are not by most
writers distinguished from those of the
the coins of the younger Buthy-
elder, it is not possible to ascertain their find-spots, or to determine
the locality -of his reign
From
;
its
the rarity of his coins
date would seem to be about it
may be judged
b.c. 1
70.
that his reign was
soon brought to an end. Pantaloon and Agathocles strike with almost identical types.
They both adopt the metal nickel* for their coins, and they alone use They seem, therefore, in their legends the square Indian alphabet. to have
been
closely connected, either brothers, or father
and
son.
Coins of both are found in the Kabul Valley and the western Kandahar. PantaPaniab, and those of Agathocles as far south as
have been the elder of the two, and leon seems from his portrait to reign to have been ephemeral. the rarity of his coins shows his seems to have ruled more widely and longer, and he has Agathocles
* See Dr. Flight's analysis in
Num.
Chron. 1868,
p.
305.
—
XXVlll
INTRODUCTION.
left US in
some
of his coins valuable materials for the determination
of points in his history.
Of the greatest importance
„ Medals struck ,
,
^
,
may
.
by
•'
Agathocles
issued
tetradrachms,
by Agathocles' in commemo-
of his predecessors in
These medals reproduce alike the
Bactria.
what
predecessors, and,
by
we
a series of coins,* which indeed
rather term medals,' of the weight of Attic &
ration
that only
is
their style
more unusual,
still
is
and
their inscriptions
the ordinary coins of those monarchs.
AAEHANAPOY TOY
<l>IAinnoY
The
the Greek rule of portraits
of these
their coin-types, so
do they
from
differ
inscriptions run thus
:
BAZIAEYoNToZ AfAOOKAEOYZ AIKAIOY
ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ AIOAOTOY ZHTHPOZ EYOYAHMOY OEOY To
we must add
these
the parallel coin of
AIOAOTOY ZflTHPOZ I
King Antimachns
:
BAZIAEYONTOZ OEOY ANTIMAXOY
have elsewheret discussed these medals, the true character of
which
V.
Sallet
was the
to
first
establish.
They prove that
Pantaleon and Agathocles, like the younger Euthydemus, belonged to the faction of
Euthydemus
I.
sumably opposed to Eucratides. pedigree through Euthydemus * n.
iv. 1, 3,
XXX. 5,
t Num. Chron.
1881,
I.,
and Demetrius, and were preAgathocles traces his political Diodotns, and an Antiochus,+ to
6. p.
184.
X It is disputed which of the three first Antiochi of Syria is the Antiochus Nicator of these coins. None of them seems really to have home the title • the first was Soter, the second Theos, the third Megas. In favour of Antiochus I it may be urged that he was the only Antiochus who held undisputed sway in Bactria, and might well be regarded by the Eastern Greeks as full successor of Alexander the Great ; also his father Seleucus was called Nicator. In favour of Antiochus II., we have the strong argument that the type of the seated Herakles which is repeated on the Bactrian coin is copied from coins of Syria given by
;
HISTOIUCAL OUTLINIiS.
Alexander tte Great himself.
Theee
predecessor.
improbable
in
thocles were
all
more
facts
itself,
Antimaclius claims Diodotus as his
seem
that
XXIX
what
to suggest,
Buthydemus
And
sons of Demetrius.
speculative, Antimachus, as to
information, was the representative
II.,
is
by no means Aga-
Pantaleon, and
possibly,
though
this is
whose connexions we have no
by descent
or otherwise of the
house of Diodotus.
The types of Antimachus'
coins
add one more
They
facts of Greek- Indian history.
Types of imac us.
silver coins,
to the few are,
known on the
Poseidon holding trident and palm
and on the bronze. Victory standing on a
There
ship.
no
is
mistaking the meaning of these types, which clearly allude to a naval victory this victory
won by
the king.
It
might seem at
must have been won on the open
rule never extended to the sea
:
sea.
first
sight that
But Antimachus'
his coins are found both
on the
north and the south of the Caucasus, but never south of the
We
Panjab.
won on
must therefore suppose
the Indus, or one of
its
that the naval victory
great tributaries
j
was
and, indeed,
it
be understood that the Greeks would place so large a may river as the Indus under the sway of Poseidon. easily
Eucratides was succeeded by his son Heliocles. Heliocles
:
two
classes of coins.
king are found mostly j^^bul Valley.
He
is,
in Bactria,
as
The
coins of this
but also in the
Canningham remarks, the
last
king who struck to the north of the Indian Caucasus.
mav
therefore be almost sure that in his reign the nomadic tribes
"We
conquered the whole country as far south as the Bamian Pass.
The
silver coins of Heliocles fall into
two
classes.
The
first class
consists of coins of the Attic standard of weight, bearing Greek In favour of Antioclius III., the only argument the term Nicator seems to he applied to this where is a passage of Malala (p. 261), all weight by the numerous mistakes which of deprived is passage this But king. The balance of evidence is greatly in favour of Antiochus I. or II. contains. general consent to Antiochus II.
it
XXX
INTRODUCTION.
The second
legends only.
class consists
of coins of a different
weight, which. I call the Persian^* which bear bilingual inscriptions
and a the
The theory
different portrait of the king.
first class
was issued by the king while he ruled
the second class at a later period,
And
of India.
is
is
it
obvious that
in Bactria,
when he was king only
and
of a corner
greatly in favour of this view' that the coins
of the Bactrian class were largely copied by the barbarous tribes of central Asia, just as the coins of Philip and Alexander were by
the G-auls
who invaded Macedon about
Indian class are closely like
Kabul Valley and
Down
coins, of
B.C.
e IOC 08.
290, while those of the
subsequent Greek kings of the
India.
to the reign of Heliocles,
Successors of
B.C.
160
which must be assigned to about
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;120, we are
pj, jj^^jg
able to trace with certainty,
jggg tiia,n certainty, the order of succession
But we now
of the Greek kings of India.
arrive
on the verge of a
period of uncertainty, where the data are very scanty.
task would become almost hopeless, were Principal infor-
it
our
China preserve a general outline of the history of
the wanderings of the
of
nomad
western borders of China, during the second and identify the
names of kings and of places
Chinese with those which it is
fact,
Bactria and India in the account which they give
mation from
To
In
not that the annals of
we
nations on the
first
centuries B.C.
by the
as recorded
find on the coins is
no easy task but
a task which has been attempted, and with some measure of
success in the opinion of those best qualified to judge.
The most recent authority who has examined the Chinese evidence as to the migrations of the Tueh-chi, M. E. Specht + Chiaese account thus sums
201 and 165
b.c.
it
up
:
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;The Yueh-chi were conquered
by the Huns, and
fled
in
westward, subjugating the
Ta-hia of Bactria, and fixing their seat to the north of the Oxus * See bolow,
p. Iviii
.
f Journal Asiatique, 8th
Ser., vol.
ii.
p.
348.
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
where a Chinese ambassador found them
in
XXXI
126
e.g.
A hundred
they captured Lan-chi, the capital of the Ta-hia. later,
Khiu-tsiu-kio [Kadphises
Yueh-chi
tribes,
conquered
of the Arsacidae,* seized
great kingdom.
I.],
After that
ruler of the Kushans, one of the
the other tribes, invaded the
all
visit
years
kingdom
Kabul and Ki-pin [Cophene], and formed a
His son conquered India, and the empire thus
founded lasted from the middle of the
first to
the end of the fourth
century.
Who
the Ta-hia
may be
not clear
is
;
they have been identified
with the Scythian tribe of the Dahae, but the Chinese description
them
of
—" each town was governed by
was weak and feared war,"
— would
its
magistrate, the population
not apply to any Scythic race,
but would very well apply to the native Bactrians under Greek
dominion; and the date at which the Greeks were driven across the Paropamisus, in the reign of Heliocles, would B.C.
fall
not far from
126.
In the Kabul Valley the Hellenic race held out until
Kadphises
I.
led the united tribes of Yueh-chi against them,
and, after vanquishing them, ruled the country, at
with the
last king,
The Chinese
for a century later,
Hermaeus, and
first in
conjunction
finally in his place.
give us two dates of the utmost
authorities thus
value for the reconstruction of the history of India and Bactria
the
nomad
tribes
conquered Bactria (Heliocles) about
and India (Hermaeus) about
B.C.
numismatic evidence very well. to a far earlier
early a
period than
time as 138
—120.
historical records, but
timony. * About
it
is
B.C.
These dates both
125,
suit the
Gen. Cunningham gives Hermaeus 25,
assigning him indeed
But not only does also in collision with
For Hermaeus was, as B.C. 31, Phraates,
25.
B.C.
:
all
to so
this conflict with
numismatic tes-
writers agree, the last of the
with the help of a Scythian army, expelled Tiridates
from the government of Parthia.
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
XXXU
INTRODUCTION.
We are
Greek kings of Kabul. Heliocles
and him the reigns of
coins have
come down to
Moreover the forms of Nicias,
is
all
these reigns into the
an unreasonable proceeding.
on some of the
coins, those of Zoilus,
and Hermaeus, entirely preclude us from assigning them to
so early a period as
The
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;130,
letters
the twenty Greek kings whose
all
To cramp
us.
space of thirty years, B.C. 160
therefore obliged to place between
B.C.
130
they must be quite a century
;
authorize the supposition
Chinese writers also
later.
that the
Scythian race which wrought the ruin of the Greeks was that of the Yueh-chi,
And
who have been
the coins, in this
identified with the Tochari of Strabo.
confirming Chinese testimony, show that
the tribe of Yueh-chi to which Kadphises belonged was the tribe of Kushan, already mentioned on the last page.
This knowledge
many
points.
We
is
valuable
are
still
;
but
it
kingdom
on
unaware to what tribes belonged the
barbarous rulers of India in this age
Kadphises.
leaves us in ignorance
who
did not
come
in with
Maues, Azes, and their successors, who established a
in India,
as
we
shall
hereafter see,
before the days of
Hermaeus, do not appear to have been Yueh-chi; and we are quite in doubt as to the connexions of Gondophares
and other
rulers.
Before proceeding to speak more in detail of the various groups of kings,
we
will set forth in the
lines of our historical
them
:
form of a chart the general out-
and geographical knowledge in regard to
CHAET TO SHOW EXTENT OE DOMINIONS AND DATES OF GEEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS. Sate.
XXXIV
INTEODTJCTION.
Leaving out of account the predecessors of Heliocles, we know already of upwards
twenty kings and of two
of
Greek Successors of
queens wlio ruled in the Kabul Valley and
Heliocles;arrangemeat.
Paniab after about
160, and before the Indo-
B.C.
''
Scythic conquest of those regions.
arrangement of these rulers
and even is
of impossibility.
The
:
and indeed
its
The orderly
a matter of the utmost difficulty
is
classification of
based on indications so slight that
ticism
the
it
General Cunningham
cannot
resist serious cri-
depends in a great degree on
validity
his
arrangement of the early kings, which must now be given up in consequence of the readjustment
Von
Sallet so entirely despairs of
he adopts one which
is
of Pantaleon
merely alphabetical.
attempted in the present catalogue in
something
like
is
to
All that has been
group the kings roughly
chronological order, keeping similar types of
By means
coin as far as possible together.
can easily be found, and that It will
and Agathocles.
any reasonable arrangement that
however be well to
of the Index any king
the chief necessity.
is
set forth briefly
what certain data we
possess for the chronological and geographical as-
Chronological
**'*
si^nment of the kings.
We will
begin with the
chronological.
The only one Date of Antialeidas
of these later
Attic standard
â&#x20AC;&#x17E;
sor
A
some
common
who
strikes
Antialcidas,
money on the
who must
therefore
be either a contemporary or an immediate succes-
and Lysias,
strike
kings is
of
coins in
And
Heliocles.
common
type of Antialcidas
they also is
as Antialcidas
and Lysias
must be contemporaries.
the pilei of the Dioscuri,
which seems to connect him with Bucratidesj his portrait also resembles that of Heliocle^ he would seem therefore not improbably to be:
long to the Eucratidian dynasty.
The connexion of Lysias
is
obscure.
There are also a few restrikings which help us in the assign-
mSrOEICAL OUTLINES.
ment of dates
Evidence of ^^"
some of the Greek kings of
to
Heliocles restrikes
and the name and types
some
India.
some of the coins of Strato
of Eucratides are
AntialcidaSjf as well as on
Apollodotus I;J but
XXXV
I,*
stamped on a piece of
coins which I have assigned to
has been doubted whether these coins of
it
Eucratides were really issued during his lifetime.
Any attempt finally
to arrange the
The kings did not
^^ failure. j^^^.
adopted
indications.
One
nience.
establish this. is
lists
and legends which they use
of the types Types and legends of coins offer few
kings in dynastic
by means
is
them according o
to fancy or ./
or two instances will be sufficient to
not resemble Eucratides in his
Yet he does
title {SiKaio'; for fiiya^),
wear the same helmet, nor use the same types.
he does not
In the two
On
respects Demetrius differs from his father Buthydemus.
other handj Diodotus,
who
revolted against Antiochus
These instances are
the types of the Syrian king.
that identity of types between two kings tion to one another, nor related.
is
no proof of
is
appears when we compare
same type, Herakles It
is
can
we draw any
prove
their rela-
conclusions from the
title. is
that which
the rare coins of Agathocleia, wife of
Buthydemus. seated,
which
They bear on the reverse the is
not usual in the Bactrian
almost certain that Agathocleia must have been a
king's daughter and heiress
;
otherwise, as
we know from
* Strato also restrikes coins of Heliocles.
t
the
retained
sufficient to
Perhaps the most suggestive approximation of types
Strato, with those of
II.,
last
divergence of types any proof that they
Still less
form of a helmet or the adoption of a
series.
conve-
That Heliocles was son and successor of Eucratides
perhaps the most certain fact in Bactrian history.
were not
destined
inherit these things,
Sallet, p. 298.
X Cunningham,
in
Num.
Chron. 1869,
p.
226.
the coins
XXXVl
INTEODTJCTION.
name would
of Greek kings, her
Buthydemus j Agathocleia may well have been But
or otherwise related to him. are
therefore very
is,
We have already seen that king Agathocles was probably son
likely.
of
on "the
scarcely have appeared
That she was descended from Buthydemus
coin.
obviously the greatest risks
his grand-daughter^
in this kind of
and we
j
will
argument there
attempt
in
it
no
second instance.
A large
from Heliocles to Hermaeus
find of coins of the kings
was discovered some years ago at Sonipatj* and no
Evidence of onipa n .
-^^^g
Gen. Cunningham,
^Qg specimens have been weighed by
^j^^^
who has
acutely suggested that the order of the
reigns
may be gathered by
weight
lost in circulation
by
a consideration of the amount of the coins of different kings,
those
kings whose coins are most worn being naturally supposed to be the earliest.
The
loss is as follows
:
Heliocles, 5"43 gr.
Philoxenus,
ApoUodotus, 4-57 gr.
Menander, 3-72 gr.
Strato, 4'56 gr.
Diomedes, 3"39
Antimachus
4'48 gr.
II,,
Antialcidas, 4'10 gr. Lysias,
In
373
is
This
standard.
Amyntas, 3'30
gr.
gr.
Hermaeus, 3"20
gr.
gr.
assumed that the normal standard for 37 grains, and that all kings minted up to that
this calculation
hemidrachms
3' 77 gr.
is,
it
is
of course, not certain ; nevertheless, the x-esults
of the test so nearly agree with the testimony of style, that scarcely be
correct
;
wrong
in regarding the
we can
above order as approximately
only Antialcidas and Lysias should not be placed so late.
Among
all
Menander.
these kings, two only, ApoUodotus
^nown
to
identified
*
and Menander, are
US from other sources.
Menander
ia
with the Milinda of the Buddhist work
Num.
Chron. 1872,
p.
161.
XXXVU
HISTOEICAL OUTLINES.
" Milinda-prasna,"
records not only that
-whicli
lie
was born
at the
sub-Caucasian Alexandria, but that he was a just and powerful rdlerj
and a convert
to the
was reported to have crossed the
this does not greatly
Hypanis eastward and
river
penetrated as far as the Isamus, but as
Isamus was,
Strabo* says that he
Buddhist religion.
we
are ignorant where the
add to our knowledge.
records that as a ruler he was noted for justice
died
many
which
is
cities
;
Pl'utarchf
and that when he
were anxious to possess his ashes
—a
curious tale,
The
considered by Prinsep to indicate a Buddhist source.
extraordinary abundance and wide distribution of his silver coins well known. gaza,
many
They were
is
current, with those of ApoUodotus, at Bary-
years after his death,J and are
still
abundantly found
over a wide region, including Kabul, Jalalabad, Peshawar, Mathura,
and Eampur. They are not brought from Kandahar or Seistan. " From this evidence," says Cunningham, § " it is certain that
Menander could not have possessed any part of Arachosia
or
Drangiana, and that his dominions to the west of the Indus must
have been confined to the Kabul Valley and Eastern Afghanistan."
The
coins which bear the classes
:
name
of ApoUodotus
into two
fall
these are distinguished in the Catalogue.
ApoUodotus.
The second
class are of later
on them the king usually bears the
Cunningham
says
1|
Panjab and N.-W.
and poorer
style
and
General
of Philopator.
title
;
that the Philopator coins are found only in the India, while the others are found over a
much
wider area, including the " Upper Kabul Yalley in the north,
Kandahar and Roh
in the west
and
east,
and Sindh
in the south."
The evidence, on the whole, indicates that there were two kings of the
name *
xi.
of ApoUodotus,
of
whom
N/
11. 1.
% Periplus maris Erythraei, § Num. Chron. 1870, p. 221.
the
c.
+
later,
I>e
Philopator,
Bepul. Ger.,
p. 821.
47, ed. Miiller. ||
Ibid., 187-0, p. 77.
was
INTRODUCTION.
XXXVIU colleague of
Ms
father, the earlier,
And
with the
some part
his successor in
this probability will
be raised almost to a
we suppose that the restriking name of Eucratides took place in the
life-time of the latter;
of his dominions. certainty
and
if
of Apollodotus' coins
since the coins which bear the legend Philopator cannot
be brought
within a considerable distance of the reign of Eucratides.
We
have thus but slight indications, beside those of art and fabric, to help us in
data
;
determining the dates of the
Nor have we
kings from Heliocles to Hermaeus.
find-spots,
and monograms.
safer data for their
.... geographical assignment.
â&#x20AC;&#x17E;,
The
find-spots of their coins have never been recorded with complete-
And
ness or accuracy. to contain the
names of
the
monograms which have been supposed
niints
have not been
spite of the diligent efforts of General
satisfactorily read, in
Cunningham, whose want of
success* in the matter seems to prove chat success at least in the present state of details of the types
is
not possible,
knowledge on the subject.
And
the
adopted by various kings help us no more in
determining the locality of their rule than in assigning their line of descent.
We
can,
however, make a few rough divisions
Heliocles and his predecessors minted, as his successors only it
we have
of
territory.
seen, in Bactria,
And further,
on the south of the Indian Caucasus.
would seem that the Panjab and the Kabul Valley were frequently
different hands.
be found
in
Hermaeus
On
Thus the
coins of Archebius
Kabul, and not to the east of the Indus
are far
commoner in the same
the other hand, the
coins
district
of kings
in
and Amyntas seem to ;
and those of
than in the Panjab.
Philoxenus, Strato, and
* Gen. Cunningham's readings have not heen accepted by the best numismatists. Sallet remarks, " Such interpretations and experiments have too weak a basis
Von
to serve for historical investigations."
Hevue Nu'mism., 1867,
p.
403.
See also the remarks of M. Chabouillet in the
XXXIX
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
Hippostratus are ctiefly found to
made
exact statement could only be
A more
east of Jalalabad.
tlie
after
many
on
years' study
the spot.
The recorded
find-spots of coins are
however
sufficient to give
Cunningham
an idea of the extent of the Greek kingdom in India. states that coins of Apollodotus are
found as
and Sindh, and those of Menander
-as far east as
Jamna.
And
appear to be
there
that a G-reek ruler Patali-putra
were
far south as
(Oudh and
proofs in Sanskrit literature*
really Hellenized
Patna).
But
Ayodhya and were
expansions
these
no doubt that the only
is
Kandahar
Mathura on the
(perhaps Menander) besieged
temporary, and there
us
districts
which
were the Kabul Valley and the western
Panjab.
Coins
machus
Massonf
of II.,
Apollodotus,
Antialcidas,
Menander,
Lysias,
Anti-
Diomedes, Archebius, and Hermaeus, were found by
in the course of a
few years at Beghram
;
and
since his
time coins of Epander, Dionysius, Zoilus, Amyntas, and other kings
have been found in the same region,
not on the same
if
kings mentioned, and probably others of Greek
race,
site.
must
all
The have
reigned in the Kabul Valley.
With
we have placed one
the Greek kings
Banjabala.
of Indian name,
Eam'abala, whose coins resemble those of Strato, j â&#x20AC;˘>
and show him to have been nearly contemporary
He may have
with that king.
his independence.
His
been a satrap of Strato, who asserted been found in the eastern
coins have
Panjab and at MathuraJ in company with some of Strato. * Cunningham, in Num. Chron. 1870,
f See his important Bengal, 1836, p. 537. J
Cunningham,
J.
A.
list
S.
p. 224.
of coins found at Beghram, in the Journ. As. Soc.
B. 1854,
p.
691.
In
this paper it is suggested that
be identical with Eajapa'la, a king of the lunar race of Dehli, and that Zeionises may be Jivana Raja of the same dynasty. The reasons against these identifications are, however, very strong.
Ranjabala
may
xl
INTEODUCTION.
The barbarous kings who make
tbeir appearance in India after
the destruction of the Greek kingdoms present SpytMc Kings.
even greater
difficulties
Antiocbus
Difficulties of
rono ogy.
of
arrangement tban do
Between the eastern expedition of
the Greek kings themselres.
III.j in B.C.
208^ and tbe era of Kanerkes,
wbich may be taken as fixed* to
absolutely fixed point,
A.d. 78,
there
is
no
and we are reduced to arguments of mere
probability.
Of
the coins of the barbarous rulers, those of
all
Yon
the earliest in style.
Sallet
Maues
are
remarks that the
Maues.
copper coins of this king are like those of Demetrius
and Apollodotus, and belong to a period not much In the forms of Greek
of those kings. art, his coins
King Maues
century
B.C.
and
at a later date
N.W.
style of
And
it
is
an
Nicias.
It is impossible to
than the middle of the
interesting
fact,
vouched
Cunningham, that his coins are found in the Panjab the
later than that
and the
are superior not only to those of Hermaeus, but also
to those of kings such as Zoilus
place
letters,
part of
it,
and not in Afghanistan.
first
for
by
only, especially
We
must suppose
that he ruled over some Scythic invaders,
who had
not through the Kabul Valley, but through
Kashmir or Nepal, while
the country to the west of Peshawar was ruled
Greek
kings.
At
Yarkand
are but
Pass
open
is
all
present
little
the
used, but
Passes it is
by contemporary
between
Kashmir and
stated that the
Karakoram
the year round; and the. trade between India
and Yarkand by that route has of
And we know
entered India
that in old times
peopled than at present.
late years greatly increased.
Kashgar was far more thickly
It is also a
matter of history that Nepal
has more than once been invaded by Chinese armies.
It
would
appear likely that at the time of the conquest of Bactria by the * See below,
p.
li.
'
:
xU
HISTOUICAL OUTLINES. Yueh-clii,
some
130,
B.C.
which something has been said already, about
as to
tribe of that
race or some other Scythic horde
passed southward through Kashmir or Nepal; and after imbibing
something of G-reek
civilization,
and learning the G-reek language,
succeeded during the decline of the Greek power after Menander in establishing a
was the
kingdom
Maues
to the east of the Indus, of which
first ruler.
Azes was, according
Von
to general consent, the successor of
Sallet suggests that he
Maues.
was his son, and reads
Azes, Azilises.
on
YMAVQ,
of Azes,
coins
which may stand for
with
vcb<s
Mavov.
legend
the
hesitation,
Azes was certainly
of later date than Maues, as the forms of his inscriptions and the art of his coins testify.
Jalalabad ;
it is
His money also
is
not found to the west of
therefore likely that he did not greatly extend the
dominions of Maues, though the extraordinary number of his coins testifies
to
his
wealth and power.
Azes
strikes in conjunction
with Aspavarma, Azilises, Vonones, and Spalirises, and Vonones in conjunction
This shows
with Spalahores and Spalagadamea.
whom
that Azes, Azilises, Vonones, and the Spalirises group, of
we
speak presently,
shall
single group of kings.
all
belong
one
to
But Vonones and
and
time
to
Spalirises seem,
a
from
the find-spots of their coins, certainly to have reigned in Kabul
they
may have
they coexisted
ruled there and been tributary to Azes
with
the
latest
;
but
how
Greek kings and the invaders
from Bactria, the kings of the Kadphises line,
we
are unable to
determine.
Of the
relations
Vonones,
group the legends
Spalirises, &(..
1.
Baa-iXim
between themselves of the kings composing
in
of. their coins
this
enable us to judge
some measure :â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
fiaaiXecov fLeyaXov "A^ou
Strategos Aspavarma.
=
name and
titles
of the
INTRODUCTION.
xlii
2.
Baa-tKia^ ^a^iKeav fieyaXov ''A^ov=Baa-iKeQ)i ^aaCKecov
fi.er^d-
\ov 'A^iKicrov.* 3. BaaCKe(o<i
^aaiXewv fieyoKov Ova)VOV= Baa-tXAa^ dSiX<f>ov BiKaiov '
S'n'dXaopov. 4. Bacri\eco<! ^aaiXetov fieyaXov
'Ov(opov=S'7ra\a6pov vlov StKaiov
^n-akayoBdfiov. 6.
= JBacn\ia}<; fieydXov
Baa-tXiw; /SacriKiwv fieyaXov ^traXipiaov
^waXipiaov. 6. BacriXim'i
/xeydXov S'TraXipiaov^BacriXeeov fieydXov ''A^ov.f
Ba(TiKeoi(;
7.
dSeX^ov Sirdktpicrov
^
dSeX^ov Sixaiov
Baa-iXio)';
STraXcplaov. 8.
liTTaXvptoii
=
SiraXaopov vlov
coin, said to
be in Gen. Cun-
BiKULOV dBeX<f>ov tov ySatrtXeco?
SiKuiov SirdXar/aSdfiov. 9.
Vonones and Azes (undescribed ningham's possession).
The evidence decisive as
it
ously construed. set
assume the
Spalirises),
afforded
might at
by these legends
first
rate, t
King
Spalirises
his son is
Four kings
of Kings (Azes, Azilises,
but they do not do so in succession
does not appear.
valuabloj but not
Some points, however, are clear. title
to share the title in a friendly
any
is
so
sight appear, and capable of being vari-
way with
;
of the
Vonones
and
Azes seems content
Azilises
and
Spalirises, at
was brother of a king, but of which king
Spalahores
Spalagadames strike
is also
brother of a king, and he and
with Vonones.
in conjunction
Spalyris
another brother, and at one time Spalagadames strikes in conjunc-
tion with him. antiquity, except
* These
As
close alliances of this
kind scarcely occurred in
between members of one family, we
reverse titles arc really written in Indian.
may
regard
I give, for convenience
it
the
Greek equivalents.
t
This
is
sufficient proof that the
assumption of the
'Maharaja adhiraja', does not imply a claim
to general
title
Bao-iXcis ^airiKimv
supremacy.
HISTORICAL OUTLINES. as probable, if not
certaiiij
related one to the other.
Vonones,
that
and Spalagadames
from before the middle
likely that Azilises,
is
sons of Azes,
all
Aspavarma was a mere general
as his
The kingdom of Maues
descent.
it
and Spalyris were
his grandson.
Azesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; perhaps,
or satrap of
the kings of the group were
all
In that case
Spalirises, Spalahores,
xliii
name seems
lasted in the
to show, of
Hindu
hands of these rulers
of the first century B.C. at least until a.d.
or 30, spreading with time over a larger and larger area.
It
20
must
have been put down by the growing power of the kings of the
Kushan
tribe,
We have
perhaps by Kadphises
who do not appear
Kings with Parthian names.
The only
tie
^^^.^^^
name and
and
in
is
the Parthian character
It
Pacores and is
Arsaces, for
Some both
instance,
are
to be observed that under Mithradates
his warlike successors the Parthians
into Bactria,
connected with
most cases of their coin-types.
portrait,
thoroughly Parthian.
and
to have been
dynasty of Kadphises or that of Azes.
^-^^
which connects them together
of their names,
in
II.
coins of several other kings in India of the same period,
had extended
their empire
Some scions noblemen, may have
and driven back the invading Scythians.
of the royal Arsacid stock, or mere Parthian .
gained a footing in India and maintained themselves in opposition to the Scythic kings.
'
The most important king '"^t^
Gondophares
and Abdagases.
whom
is
Gondophares,
who on
his coins calls
of the Parthian class
goes Abdagases,
himself the nephew of Gondophares.
The names
of these rulers fortunately occur in the legends dating from the third
century
a.d.,
which record the
* Cnnningham,
Mus. 1864,
visit of
S.
Thomas
to India, * con-
in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxiii. Of. also Gutschmid, Rfiein.
p. 161,
and von
Sallet in ^eitschr. f.
Num., 1880,
p. 296.
shows that Gaspard, one of the three kings of the Christian legend, Gondophares.
Gutschmid
is identical
with
INTKODUGTION.
xliv
taining indeed mucli that
Thomas
S.
is
is
untrustworthy, but also a basis of fact.
represented as converting Gundaphorus, his brother
Gad, possibly the Orthagnes mentioned below, and his Labdanes, which'
Where these rulers
lived
is
not very clear.
them
furnish some ground for assigning that
is,
the
century
first
The legend, however, may
to the period of S.
Christian legend should be the inscription at Takht-i-Bahi,
be read with certainty.
Thomas,
More trustworthy than an
a.d.
son
to be a corruption of Abdagases.
name seems
last
sister's
if it
early
could
Dowson renders thus * "In the
Professor
:
26th year of the great king Gondophares, on the third day of the
month Vaisakha, tunately, doubt
hundred of the Samvatsara."
(year) one
hangs
alike over the reading of
name and
Unfor-
date, nor
can the era be identified, for Samvatsara means merely era. that
we can be
sure of
the hundredth year of the Saka era, successors (see p.
li)
All
Gondophares did not reign in
that
is
by which Kanerkes and
his
date their inscriptions ; for the style of his
coins forbids us to place
them
the king be rightly read
as late as a.d. 178.
it will
If the
name
of
prove that Gondophares reigned
in the neighbourhood of Peshawar ; but even this
is
not certain.
A silver coin of Gondophares discovered by v. Sallet, and figured in our plate xxxiii. 2,
may
perhaps give us a clue to his date.
It is of
the types of Arsacid silver coins, and especially reminds us of a coin of
Mithradates II.
(b.c.
90 or 80), which has similar types on both sidesfâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;
on one the head of the king j on the other the king seated, holding
an
eagle,
crowned by a
City,
who
stands behind him.
And
this last,
mentioned type seems not to recur in the Arsacid coinage, so that
would seem
likely that
age of Mithradates.
Gondophares actually copied
it
from the coin-
In the inscription of Gondophares' coin
the epithet avTOKpartop,
which
is
it
we find
found on the money of only two
* Journ. S. As. Soc, t Gardner, Parthian
1875, p. 379.
Coinage,
pi.
ii,
19.
HISTOEICAL OUTLINES.
Arsacid kings
— SinatroceSj
B.C.
'
76 to 69, and Phraatea IV., a.d. 8
—
xlv 11.
This particular coin of GondopLares then would seem to have been struck not later than the middle of the
mentioned would
first
suit the other coins of
century a.d.
Gondophares.
That Orthagnes was a brother of Gondophares Orthaenes Arsaoes,
The period
rests
on a reading
°^ ^^^ coins proposed by Gen. Cunningham.
...
position has nothing improbable in
Zexonises.
Victory which appears on his corns
on those of Gondophares and Abdagases.
If
it
it
;
The sup-
the type of
bemg also found
be well founded,
it
will clearly prove the PartMan origin of the dynasty of Gondophares,
Orthagnes connecting him with other Indian kings such as Pacores,* Arsaces 0e6^ and Arsaces
of Parthian type
All these rulers
8iiiato<i.
must have been contemporary with the great time of the Parthian empire.
To the same period
his coins calls himself
With
will
be assigned
by the modest
title of
also Zeionises,
who on
Satrap.
regard to the seat of the power of these Indo-Parthian
Dominions of these kings.
kings
we have
a
little
Masson, and his small rude
The
information.
Gondophares were found in plenty silver coins in
at
coins of
Beghram by
the Panjab; while those of
Orthagnes are said by Gen. Cunningham to come from Seistan and Kandahar, and those of Abdagases (with legend Sasasa) from
Western Panjab.
These facts seem to point to an extensive
dominion, and confirm the testimony of the anonymous Egyptian
merchant,t who informs
us' of
the existence of a Parthian realm in
the neighbourhood of the mouth of the Indus, in the reign of Vespasian.
The
silver coins of SanabareSj of
which there
is
a specimen in the
—
* Not Pacorus. Almost all the names of the kings of this class end in es ; I have therefore kept that ending in doubtful oases, such as Maues and Spalirises. Periplus maris Bryth., c. 38.. Cf. Mommsen, Mm. GescMchte, vol. v.,
t
p. 352.
INTEODUCTION.
Xlvi
British
Museum
have been given by
(pi. xxiii. 10),
Sanabares. V. Sallet to
compared
about the year a.d. 80, and have been
But the
Vologeses III* of that period.
though
money
contemporary with
as
resembles that of Vologeses,
it
Mithradates
II.,
is
king
portrait of Sanabares, still
more
like that of
the helmet having cheek-pieces like the helmet
of the latter monarch, while the style of to anything
Arsacid
the
of
known
in Parthia
in
work
is
very superior
the days of Vologeses.
Mr.
Thomas had read on the Museum specimen the date TIT, which he and
interpreted as implying the 313th year of the Seleucid,
the Christian era.
be
insisted on.
place
But
But if
this reading is is
it
given
first
of
now disputed,t and cannot
up we should be
Sanabares at about the beginning
of-
still
inclined to
the Christian era.
Sanabares does not use Indian characters in his legends, but either
Greek or Pehlvi, and four of the
Museum came from
Persia.
five coins of his in
the British
It is therefore likely that this
king
ruled exclusively or principally to the north of the Indian Caucasus.
On
Epigraphy
oUhese kings.
Series the square
q^
^^^^
d and L come
^j^^ ^^-^^^^
take the place of il until 8 a.d. facts that
and
we
referring to the coins of the Arsacidae,
Maues uses round
^^^^^
letters only ;
their contemporaries, use the square
b.c.
square UJ % does not
50 to
,
Azes, Azilises, Spaliriaes
O
with 12
We
a.d. 50.
* Zdtschrift f. Nvm., 1879, p. 356. The text reads the erroneous numbering of Prokesch-Osten. f On other specimens the letters take the form
reigned earlier than 8 a.d. rounder, and of earlier type.
is
;
Gondophares
have thus a series of
The date
'
Vologeses
THT &c.
meaning. J In the text this form
find that in that
some twenty years
It is quite in keeping with these
and Abdagases use the forms a and HI kings covering the period
^-^^
in
I.'
;
Mowing
They may have no
used in the legend of King Nioias,
But on the
of Pacores
who
certainly
actual coins of that king the letter is
HISTOKICAL OUTLINES.
and Arsaces is,
is
not easy to
fix,
but must
xlvii
during this period.
fall
It
however, noteworthy, as von Sallet points out, that the coin of
Arsaces ^eo? bears precisely the same types as one of Maues.
The nameless king, who
decide his
and
Some
affinities.
style closely like those of
merely Soter Megas,
us no clue
naturally gives
The nameless
himself
calls
Abdagases
;
in
inscription to
his
of his coins are in type
and
as he also
makes use
of the form HI, he must be of about the same period as that king,
His coins are found in great numbers in the Kabul
30-50.
A.D.
He may
Valley.
possibly have been a
member
of the Kadphises
dynasty.
After the kings of Parthian character others whose types
Heraas and the Sakas.
we must mention some not dissimilar, yet
Among
appear to be of Scythian race.
most important
some
are
is
Heraiis,
whose remarkable coin
light over the history of
(pi.
xxiv. 7) throws
troubled time.
this
who
these the'
Of
late the-
reading of the legend TvpavvovvTo<s 'Hpdov SaKUKOipdvov has been disputed, but without solid reason, except as regards the last word.
may with equal exactness and but even if we do thus read it, the This
which
probability be read Koppdvov^
presence of the TvpavvovvTO'}â&#x20AC;&#x17E;
quite undisputed, proves that unusual
is
Greek words may
be-
expected at this time, and suggests that Koppdvov jn&j be a corruption of Koipdvov.
Thomas
;
instead of
HPAOY
The reading
is
allowed by Mr.
but he now disputes the important word Saka, reading; it
the unintelligible words
ZAN
But we must,
AB.*
point out that on the Brit. Mus. coin the third letter of the word
is-
not formed like the N's, of which there are four in the inscription, but like a retrograde
M, which
ordinary shape of
K
A similar coin KQ r r AI/ID Y*
:.
is
on
late
see pis. xxv,
in the possession of
Parthian and Bactrian coins an.
vi.
'passim.
Thus there seems
M. Tigsenhausen seems
to read
See Thomas, B. A. S. Journal, 1883, p. 75.
to.
ZAM AB-
INTRODUCTION.-
xlviii
be at present no
sufficient
reason for doubting
tliat
Heraiis calls
and we thus gain a confirmation of the
himself a Saka king ;
statement of ancient historians, that that race was prominent in the
conquest of India from the Greeks.
But
Heraiis probably ruled,
like other kings of the class, to the north of the Caucasus.
Similar in type of head to Heraiis Hyrcodes and others.
culated in Bactria.
Wilson
At page 119
Kerman.
coins of the
kings
Hyrcodes, one of whose ordinary is
coins of the early Antiochi of states that
the Bactrian side of the Caucasus to
is
tjpeSj that of the half-horse,
same
class
most of
taken from
silver
which
Syria,
cir-
come from
his coins
Mr. Thomas,* that they belong
;
of the Catalogue will be found a few
which seem to bear the names of other
but these legends may be mere blundered attempts to
;
produce some more intelligible name.
we have
Finally, Kadpiiises
and
I.
successors.
Hermaeus.
We
to
speak of a well-defined gl-oup of kings which
takes
its rise
with that
Kozulo Kadphises who
appears on coins as colleague and
His date must be the
last quarter of
the
successor of
first
century
B.C.
know to what branch of the widely extended race of or nomads, Maues and his successors belonged. But we have
do not
Sakas,
reason to think that the group at present discussed were kings of the Yueh-chi,
who
and that they belonged
We B.C. 25,
by Cunningham with the Tochari the Kushan branch of that tribe.
are identified to
have already seen how Kadphises led the Yueh-chi, about southward across the Paropamisus and conquered Hermaeus
whom he
Under
reduced to a state of vassalage.
dominions of the Yueh-chi went on increasing. succeeded by the king
*
On
who
a coin probably similar to our
me
Probably he was
bears the very similar
to be sure of the reading.
p. 10).
name
of Kozola
Mr. Thomas reads Guath in Our coin is not sufiSoiently com-
pi. xxiv. 13,
Pehlvi characters (Sassanian Inscriptions, plete for
his successors the
,
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
Kadaphes, who on
The
his
money
portrait of this ruler
himself the ruler of the Kushans.
on the coins bears so strong a resemblance
to that of
Kadaphes,
calls
xllX
Augustus that
it
seems
all
but certain that
he must have reigned at the veiy beginning of the Christian era.
and
bable,
second,
That he succeeded the is
it
who on
Kadphises
is
very pro-
by the Ooemo Kadphises, and whose
his coins calls himself
down
reign brings us
first
equally probable that he was succeeded
to the accession of Kanerkes in a.d. 78.
We
thus have a succession of princes of the same or nearly the same
name extending over 100
years,
and
it
hard
is
do not represent a dynasty which reigned
to believe that they
Kabul Valley,
in the
We have on a copper-plate from Manikyala (Taxila) a record, wherein a satrap called Liako Kusuluko dates from the 78th
Inscription
rom
axi a.
^^^^^ of
the great king Moga.
that the satrap in question still
may
seems not unlikely
may be Kozola Kadaphes, and perhaps
more probable that the great king Moga
who probably
It
is
Maues.
Kadaphes,
reigned at the very beginning of the Christian era,
well be placed seventy-eight years later than the accession of
Maues, which must be placed not so century
b.c.
But of course
have himself reigned seventy-eight
middle of the
late as the
first
but impossible that Maues can
it is all
The
j'ears.
reference must be
not to the year of his reign, but to an era established by him.
The evidence derived from the to
Spread of India.
style
and epigraphy of coins ^eems
show that Kadphises
I.
When
a part of N.-W. India.
as an invader from the north, he found
Kabul Valley, and reduced him
and Kadaphes ruled but Kadphises came in
Hermaeus
to a state of
ruling in the
At
dependence.
the
same time Azes was probably ruler of thePanjab; and perhaps some of the later Greek rulers, such as Hippostratus,
the lower Indus.
but
Kadphises
When Hermaeus occupied
his
still
held rule on
died no Greek succeeded him,
place.
Kadaphes, or the nameless
/
INTRODUCTION.
1
king, must have succeeded Kadphises
their contemporaries
:
must
That the coins of
have been Azilises, Spalirises and Gondophares.
Gondophares and of the nameless king are alike
They become dominant unaer Kadphises II.
found in abundance at Beghram, while those of
Kadaphes are not abundant, seems to show that the Yueh-chi did not rapidly extend their dominion in India, but met
Only on
at first with formidable rivals in the descendants of Azes.
the accession of the second Kadphises did the power of the invaders
become altogether predominant. his
successors
Parthians,
it
was supreme
and the race
of
under him and
It appears that
in all
Azes
N.-W. India
;
and Greeks,
from history as
alike disappear
reflected in the coins.
Kadphises
II.,
Ooemo Kadphises, was
a wealthy monarch, and the
....
founder of a powerful line of Scythic Successors of
Xadphiseg
II.,
whom ^^^^
audHooerkes
^^
kinffs, as to
.
.
some information.
inscriptions give us
about the middle of the
century
first
.
His a.d.
His successors are the kings called on their coins
Kanerkes and Hooerkea, and
in the records
Kanishka and Huvishka.
Their rule comprised the whole of N.- W. India and the Kabul Valley.
The date of these kings was a matter brilliant conjecture
The!r date
origin
of uncertainty until the
of Mr.
Fergusson* as
and use of the Saka era
Mr. Fergusson's theory
is
to the
settled the matter.
accepted by most Sanskrit scholars, and
the numismatic evidence in
its
favour
is
so overwhelming, that the
numismatist cannot hesitate to join them ; in
fact, v. Sallet
had before
the publication of Mr. Fergusson's paper assigned Kanerkes to the
same period
into
which he
falls
on the theory proposed in that paper,
and that on numismatic evidence only.
Saka era *
On
Miiller,
starts
from the date not
The new theory
is
that the
of the destruction of the Sakas,
the SaTca, Samvat and Gupta Eras, J. R. A. India^-What can it teach us 1 p. 291.. "
S. 1880,
p.
259.
Cf.
Max
HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
but of the
of their empire in India under Kanerkes. *
esfcablisliraeufc
The dates
It is fixed to A.D. 78.
to
il
at
Mathura and elsewhere are
be as follows (Thomas Ancient Indian Weights, :
p. 10)
p. 46,
said
and Jainism,
:_ King.
Saka Year.
Ykjie A.D.
Kanerkes,
9,11,18,28
87—106.
Hooerkes,
33, 39, 47,48, 51
111—129.
44, 83, 87, 98
122—176.
Vasu Dara,
The evidence
In a
assignment of dates.
of finds confirms this
tope at Ahin Posh near Jalalabad, Mr. Simpson found together the following gold coins
:
—
10 coins of Kanerkes, 1
The A.D.
6 of Kadphises,
of Domitian, reigns
of
of Trajan,
1
the
Roman
Hooerkes.
1
of
1
of Sabina.
imperial persoas
cover
the period
81-136; and this proves that the deposit cannot have been
buried until about a.d. 130,f probably in the reign of Hooerkes. It is true that in the
of Kanerkes
Manikyala tope there were found with coins
some worn consular
denarii which belong to, the period
more than probable that these
before Augustus,}:
but
were not buried
a long time after their issue.
It
till
it
is
coins
seems to be universally allowed that the Kanerkes and Hooerkes
of the coins are the
Kanishkaand Havishka of "inscriptions, and
that
these were successive kings of the Kabul Valley and the Panjab.
But the Vasu Deva
Vasn Deva.
posed to correspond
He
a more mysterious personage.
of the inscriptions, to the
who
Bazodeo of the
is
sup-
coins, is
overlaps in the dates Huvishka,
* Or, perhaps, Kadphises II. as it is Kadphises who begins the issue of Induand Kanerkes' earliest date is the year 9. the throne in 128. The coin of her issue, now preserved in Sabina came to t the British Museum, is not as stated by previous writers " much worn," but seems to have greatly suffered, whether in ancient or modern times, by being exposed to ;
Scjthic gold coins
heat.
The
:
coin of Trajan is worn.
J Jouvn. As. Soc. Bengal,
iii.
Cf. /.
p. 34.
B. A.
Soc. 1880, p. 266.
{
INTRODUCTION.
Ju
and appears Indeed,
if
to have reigned for
no
less
a period than fifty-four years.
one inscription be rightly read, he sometimes dates from
year 5 of the era, * which will give to his reign the impossible length of
94 years.
Prof.
Dowson
therefore suggests that
Vasu Deva may
have been the name given by their Indian subjects to kings of the
Kanerkes dynasty. the words
In favour of this view
Vasu Deva
it
may be remarked
occur in Sanskrit letters
that
on coins of various
periods and classes; and the supposed Greek equivalent
BAZOAHO
occurs only on Indo-Scythic coins of semi-barbarous fabric.
The
coins of
some of
Vasu Deva
fairly
good
are succeeded
style, others of
Some
bearing intelligible legends.
by a large variety of
copies,
barbarous work, neither class
of these, in copper, were usually
given to an imaginary king Ooer Kenorano, such being their legend.
Von
Sallet has, however, conjectured that as there, are
no gold coins
with the legend Ooer Kenorano, and no copper bearing the legend
Ooerke Korano, the copper coins above mentioned must have been struck by king Hooerkes. the discovery in the to those reading
But
Museum
N
in the
is
strongly confirmed by
series of coins f in all respects similar
Ooer Kenorano but reading clearly Ooerke Korano.
in fact the difference
cent,
This conjecture
between the two legends
is
almost evanes-
one taking the place of K in the other; however,
in the inscriptions of ^his class these
two
letters are constantly
confounded.
The gold coins which repeat barbarously the legends and types of Vasu Deva become eventually of thin fabric and cup-like shape, like some of the issues of Byzantium of the ninth and subsequent centuries.
But they must be
earlier
than that period, and are perhaps
copied from the concave coins of the class struck at Persepolis
during Parthian supremacy. * Cunningham, Archaeological Beports,
t Pages
156-8.
iii.
30.
Dowson, J.R.A.S.
+ See above,
p. xlvii.
vii. p.
381.
INSCRIPTIONS.
The
wliole class of
liii
Indo-Scythic gold coins appears as a most
remarkable phenomenon amid the coins of India, especially as gold coins are entirely wanting in the Greek-Indian issues after the time
The
of Eucratides.
line of descent of the
money
not through the gold
new
issued in abundance
of the Christian era
must he traced
of Alexander, which perhaps
still cir-
Roman
aurei which were
by Augustus, and which
at the begiiining
culated in southern Asia, but through the first
issue
made
their
way
into
India,
where they have
been found in conjunction with coins of Kadphises and Kanerkes, In weight the ludo-Scythic coins nearly correspond to the Boman.
-
11. Inscriptions.
The
on the coins contained in
inscriptions
following kinds
Greek language
(1)
this
volume are of the
On
the coins of earlier
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
:
in
Greek characters.
kings, from Diodotus to Demetrius, Greek legends Greek language.
After that time we usually find
only are employed.
Greek on one
side of the coin only.
It
is,
however, quite evident that
the Greek letters and the Greek language were generally understood in northern India
This
era.
fact,
and
in
clearly
Kabul
as late as the second century of our
established
by the
testimony of coins,
confirms the otherwise not trustworthy testimony of Philostratus,
who no
represents that Apollouius of Tyana,
diflSculty in
was probably swept away with other Notable
(2)
visited India,
had
In the Hindu revival under the Guptas the Greek language
Greek.
words
when he
making himself generally understood by speaking
is
the use
by some
like Koipavo^, Tvpavvecov
Indian language sorts.
traces
and
The
^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^
Greek
culture.
aviKrjTo'i.
in native characters.
anguage.
of
of the later rulers of poetical Greek
These
two
last are of
square letters of the so-called
Indian
^^ Pantaleon and Agathocles only the ;
INTEaDUCTIOK.
liv
more cursive
characters, called Arian Pali, are used
by
all
the other
In the case of the edicts of Asoka,
kings down to the latest times.
the Arian characters are used only in the Kabul Valley, and the
Indian characters elsewhere ; and this fact shows, what
many
other ways,
how
in India centred in the
The language which is
Kabul Valley.
by the general name
I have called
readings of words in this language
To
is
testimony of the coins;
authoritatively the
me
all cases,
the readings of
to conflict with the clear
in which case (a very rare one) I have
ventured on innovation.
between various
fix
of Indian
impossible except to a Pali
I have therefore given, in nearly
previous writers, unless they seemed to
decide
proved in
completely the Greek and Scythian power
a debased form of Sanskrit or Pali,
scholar.
is
In the cases where authorities,
I
it
was necessary
have sometimes had the
advantage of the advice of Mr. Cecil Bendall, who has allowed
me
to profit
by
his
more have I regarded any
by the
presented
to
kindly
wider knowledge of Sanskrit. philological
criticism
coin-legends as lying outside
Still
of the forms
my
task.
Such
might well form a supplement to M. Senart's valuable
criticism
papers on the language of the Asoka edicts in vols. xv. and xvi. of the Journal Asiatique, but in a numismatic
altogether out of place.
And
work
this is clearly a task
it
would be
which could
only be attempted with advantage by a highly-trained Sanskritist.
The system here adopted the same as
is
used in other
in transliteration of Pali inscriptions is
Museum
Catalogues, and nearly identical
with that used by Prof. M.Williams in his Lexicon and Grammar.
To the Forms
letters in
of
which these inscriptions are written I have paid
closer attention,
paleography being perhaps more
nearly related to archaeology than to philology.
To
determine their forms requires care and a practised eye rather than wide linguistic knowledge. I have drawn up a table of Arian Pali
MONOGRAMS.
J
V
letters
used on the coins, after careful comparison of the authoritative
tables
drawn up by Gen. Cunningham
the table have been cut upon types will in future
(see p. Ixx).
All the letters in
so that printing in this alphabet
;
With
be comparatively easy.
the square or Indian Pali
characters I have not concerned myself, as they occur on so few coins. (3)
Scythic language in Greek characters. tions
Scythic
language.
and more
on coins of the
kings of the Kanerkes
p^O^ NANO, KOZOVAO, KOPANO,
^^.^^p^ ^^^.^ ^^
names of
especially the
late
These are the inscrip-
deities
on the reverses.
These
words, so far as at present identified, are of non-Scythic origin,
borrowed from the languages
India, Persia,
of
and Greece, and
only bearing the Scythian stamp in their termination o, and in modifications of the forms of words. Lists of Greek, Scythic and Indian words will be found in the
Index of Inscriptions; and renderings of the last-mentioned in the table at p. Ixxii.
III.
In the
field of
coins of
monograms and detached of the Arian Pali class.
MONOGKAMS.
all
periods
letters,
a prodigious
is
number of
sometimes Greek and sometimes
If these could be read
and interpreted,
there can be no doubt that they would afford us most valuable
information.
But they present the
greatest difficulties.
Gen. Cunningham has well remarked, in regard to some of the
Greek monograms, that
Difficulties
of interpretation.
their constant recurrence
(jQring successive reigns proves that they cannot
denote monetary magistrates, but must stand for mints. reason in this
;
but when the
writer goes
further,
and
There tries
is
to
identify the various mints which they respectively represent, we, like
most students of these coins both
unable to follow him.
in
England and abroad, are
While therefore we must acknowledge the
INTRODUCTION,
Ivi
many
possibility that
names
we must
of mints,
monograms may stand
of the Greek
seem any probability that we
advance further, until the find-
shall
spots of Bactrian and Indian coins are far
alphabet do not recur in the same
more ; and
it
way
for the
of the issue, or
as the Greek, but vary far
names
of magistrates,
been done in
it
this
superfluous to record
Catalogue
but
;
is
for
some other
Perhaps, in these
may seem
it
the date or
for
tbey may have been used
purpose which has not yet been guessed. circumstances,
letters of the Pali
does not seem probable that they stand for mints.
They may stand
number
more exactly recorded than
The monograms and
they have hitherto been.
Nor
stop short at that point.
for tho
does there
them, as has
impossible to be sure that
valuable information will not some day be extracted from them.
IV. Types.
The
types which appear on the coins described in the present
volume are most interesting from tbe point of view of art and mythology; but but
little
futility
it
historical
to be regretted that they furnish ns with
is
information.
We
have already noted
the
of trj'ing to determine the genealogy or the dominions
of the Greek kings by
same holds
Scythic race.
of which
means of the types of
true, in scarcely less degree, in
we
It
is
their coins ;
and the
regard to the kings of
a remarkable fact that throughout the period
treat there
seem
to
have been in N.-W. India
artists
capable of designing original types for coins, so that the necessity for a slavish copying of foreign coins, to the historian, does not
which gives valuable material
seem to have
ai-isen.
In the types used by Greek kings we find great variety, and they Types of ree
ngs.
open to us quite a new chapter of
Greek
art,
aS'ording fresh proof of the remarkable originality
TYPES. of the artists of the Hellenistic age.
note two points
The
:
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
(1)
down
(v. 7),
are
In regard to their
The extraordinary realism
portraits of Demetrius (pi.
Eucratides
Ivii
among
to us from antiquity,
9), of
ii.
style,
we may
of their portraiture.
Antimachus
(v. 1),
and
and the
them
effect of
of
come
the most remarisable which have
heightened in
is
each case by the introduction of a peculiar and strongly-characteristic head-dress, detail.
(2)
which
is
rendered with scrupulous exactness of
The decidedly Praxitelean character
figures of deities
Zeus
The
on the reverses.
of the full-length
figures of Herakles (pi.
3), of
ix.
10), are all in their attitudes characteristic of
Praxiteles.
more
(iv. 4, vii. 2),
The types
distinctive
of
Greek
on coins of Demetrius, Artemis (iv. 4)
9,
deities
the school of
which we find are sometimes
than the style in which they are rendered.
coins of Agathocles
ii.
of Poseidon (v. 1), of Apollo (v. 4,
iii.
is
sometimes radiate
Zeus bears in
his
(pi.
iii.
Thus, 1),
on
hand the three-headed
Hekate, Herakles crowns himself with a wreath, Pallas appears in short skirts,
and many other such strange forms of Greek
deities
appear.
To
search out the reasons of these variations of type, reasons to
be found probably in many instances in the influence of
local Indian
or Persian legend or belief, would be a very attractive task, and not hopeless, considering the data furnished us
gold
Indo-Scythic
coins, as
by the legends
which we
to
shall
of the
presently have
to speak.
The
earliest of the clearly
Semi-Hellenic types.
Indian types to make
(iv.
9).
on the money of Pantaleon
As we come
Hellenic types, or types in which there
gradually (xiii.
9)
make
appearance
is
a dancing-girl, wearing long hanging earrings and oriental trousers,
and Agathocles
its
their
and Telephus
way on (xxxii. 7)
the coins.
we
is
to
(iii.
9)
a later period, non-
a non-Hellenic element,
On
coins of Philoxenus
find a radiate figure of a sun-god
9
INTRODUCTION.
Iviii
On
standing, holding a long sceptre.
and Hermaeus capj
whence
Maues
(xv. 8)
(xvi. 3) J
But when we reach the issues
issue rays.
we
barbaro- Hellenic
figures
a
(xvi. 4)
;
more outlandish
figure of Azes'
a radiate Artemis, with veil flying round her
;
the type
is
still
who
a draped goddess, bearing a crescent on her head,
and standing between two
stars
(xvi. 9),
;
and several
others.
Still
where a seated Zeus grasps
extended hand, not, as usual, a Victory (vii. 5),
Tyche
resembling
figure
holding in one hand a patera, in the other a wheel,
coins (xviii. 10, 11)
original
;
King
of
most remarkable and
find a wealth of
seems to be the original of the
head
(xiv. 11)
we find the head of a deity wearing Phrygian
(pis. xvi., xvii.),
original
Amyntas
those of
(vii.
9)
more
in his
or a thunderbolt
but a being who seems an impersonation of the thunderbolt,
and stands
in the midst of it
as well as the type (xvii. 2)
where a nymph, perhaps a Maenad, stands grasping two stems of vine. Maues' successors, Azes and Azilises, use types of the same class.
A careful consideration of means or other Maues and
who had been Greek
instructed
traditions.
relics of
In
;
these facts will convince us that
by some
his race secured the services of artists
by Greeks, but were not
fact, in
these coins
an interesting school of
we have
art, -one
of
restricted
by
the sole remaining
many which
existed in
and which have passed away almost without leaving any memorial. It would further seem that kings, Asia in the
who were
first
century
B.C.,
the patrons of art, and understood the Greek language,
must have been considerably softened and refined by contact with civilized neighbours.
The Hinda
first
of Indian deities to claim a place on the coins
^^째 types.
^^^"^^ *째 "^^^^ ^'^ appearance
Gondophares fessed that this figure
may
(pl.xxii. 8, 9),
though
is
Siva
on the coins of
must be conwith equal plausibility be called a it
Poseidon, for the cha,racteristic marks of Siva are absent.
But on
.
TYPES.
coins of
Kadptises
sufficiently
and
II.
the buU^ which appears beside the deity,
proves him to be Siya
his successor
lix
;
and on the money
Kanerkes
of
he appears in more and more native form, four-
armed, and bearing the numerous symbols associated with him in local belief.
It is
probable that the goddess
who appears on
the
coins of
Azes as standing on a
is either
Parvati, the dread wife of Siva, or Lakshmi, the goddess of
lotus,
and holding a flower
fortune the supposed lion, which seems on the coin to :
elbow,
may be
on the coins
after all only a
of Pantaleon
lump
lie
(xix. 5),
under her left
These, and the dancer
of oxide.
and Agathocles, are the only
strictly
Hindu
types to be found on coins before the time of the great Yueh-chi
dynasty,
when
other deities come in, as will be seen by the
list
given
below. ,
To speak â&#x20AC;&#x17E;
of Parthian types on coins at
may seem
all
a misnomer,
since there are no original Parthian types in ex"
,
Parthian types.
_
istence, if
.
we
except representations of the king
himself: in these matters the Parbhians were imitators of the Greeks.
But there are, notwithstanding, style of art,
certain types of deities,
and a certain
which we learn to associate with the coins of Parthia;
and when we can trace these on coins issued arises that the
king who issued them was
in India, a
presumption
of Parthian stock.
For
example, the portraits of Parthian kings, bearded, and wearing the
diadema, have quite a distinct aspect ; and we find this aspect in the portraits of Grondophares, Pacores, Orthagnes,
and Sanabares.
The
type which represents a City crowning the king, which occurs on the
money
of Phraates IV. and subsequent kings of Parthia,
Zeionises
(pi.
Parthian coins,
xxiii. is
4)
j
and Nike, who
is
quite a feature also on our pi.
coins of the kings of this group.
is
used by
continually present on xxiii.,
which contains
Indeed, some of their coins, such
as xxiii, 10 and 11, are altogether of Parthian type.
In view of their types, the gold coins of the conquering Tueh-chi
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
INTRODUCTION.
Ix
The obverse
kings are of surpassing interest.
^T
pre-
sents us with a figure of the king clad in helmet and
"
"h ^h'
armour, which are closely like those borne by the first
The reverses are extremely
Arsaces of Parthia on his coins.
variedj and present us with a multitude of types borrowed from
several different mythologies. their interpretation
would have
Had
these coins been, anepigraphous,
but fortunately
baffled all ingenuity;
the names of the various deities represented are written beside in
them
Greek characters, only somewhat disguised by being crushed into
On
Scythian forms. published,
Though
these types two important papers have been
one by Mr. Thomas* and
by Dr. Hoffmann.f
one
the present writer does not pretend to the linguistic
know-
ledge of either of these scholars, he ventures to discuss their results
from the numismatic point of
view and
that
of
comparative
archaeology.
On
these gold coins the following types appear:
Geeek and Semi-Geeek
{a.)
Inscriptions.
Deities.
Types.
HAIOC
Eadiate sun-god, holds sceptre.
CAAHNH
Male moon-deity, holds
NANAIA
Female deity holding
sceptre.
sceptre,
which ends in the
fore-part of a horse.
These types occur in the series of coins issued by king Kanerkes with Greek legends only. The names of the
deities
are given in Greek,
not Scythic.
Nevertheless, in the types there are clear signs of
barbarism.
The
figure of ^elios is identical with
that on bilingual coins inscribed with the * Jainism, or the Early Faith of AsoTca
t Ahhandlungen f.
d.
Zunde
;
J.
S. A.
des Morgenlandes, vol.
name
of
S. 1877.
vii.
(1881), no. 3, p.
139 sqq.
'
TYPES. Inscriptions.
Ixi
Types.
Micro, and
Nanaia with that on the
figure of
tlie
NANA
coins inscribed
while the type of
;
borrowed from the coins inscribed
is
male instead of female.
Salene
'
MAO, and
is
Nanaia, though a deity of
Persian origin,* was clearly regarded by the diecutter as Greek, perhaps as identical with Artemis,
but there
is
much
Female deity
NANA,
NANA PAO
is
oriental in her figure.
holdin'g sceptre, as above
;
over her
forehead, crescent.
The PAO
[OAIIO]
that
evidently only a
is
NANO
of course indicates a lunar deity.
and
OKPO
combined on a coin published by Prokesch-
are
Arch. Zeit. 1849,
Osten.
pi. x. 8.
HPAKIAO
Herakles ; holds club and apple.
HPo
Artemis clad
The type zling.
is
in
long chiton; holds
Mr. Thomas reads
that the
bow and arrow.
unmistakeable, but the legend it
word MEIPO
is
puz-
Z€PO 'Ceres' (?),but that
brings us no nearer to Artemis.
we
The crescent
suflax.
I venture to suggest
(see p. Ixiii) is intended, for
find in other instances that inappropriate legend
sometimes accompanying types which were, as we
may
PAO PHoPO
conjecture, unintelligible to the die-cutter.
War-god, standing; holds spear and
shield.
The word PAO, evidently meaning king
may
be detached from the legend.
PHOPO,
cannot be with certainty explained, but
seems most likely that
Greek
APHZ, and
the Greek war-god.
*
A
or royal,
The remainder,
it is
it
a mere twisting of the
that the intention
The type
long dissertation on her by Hoffmann,
suits
1.
is
to portray
Ares perfectly.
c, p. 130.
INTRODUCTION.
Ixii
lypes.
Inscriptions.
PIOM
Pallas, or
Mr. Thomas
reads
PCJM,
or even
holds spear and shield.
Roma;
PIAH, 'Rhea'
am
Roma
city,
being usual in contemporary
Qjpoisi
rCJPOH?!
can scarcely be
dis-
therefore inclined to find here an
impersonation of the great
CAPAPIO
-But PlOM,
nearer to the actual legend, and
is
the types of Pallas and
tinguished J I
(?).
Sarapisj holds sceptre
;
such impersonation
Roman
coins.
modius on head.
Deity, wearing modius, holds sceptre. ^'
^'^ disposed to identify this figure with
Greek Uranus, though he may almost as
the
well stand
Indian Varuna.
for the
(/8.)
Persian Deities.
AOPO,
Fire-god, holding
AGOPO
Male This
hammer and
figure, holding is
tongs.
wreath and tongs.
the Iranian fire-god, called
Atars; but his form
is
by Mr. Thomas
copied from that of the
Greek Hephaestus.
APA6IXPO
Sun-god, with hand raised.
The
origin of the
name
be a mere corruption of
APOOACro
Male
The
is
(Persian
obscure
it
may even
APAOXPO.
deity, holding wreath, horse beside him. first letter
has usually been corrected to A.
Hoffmann, however, observes that as
name
:
?)
is
stands the
near to the Persian word Luhrasp.
not certain that his only
it
we have here a sun-god,
marked
attribute, being
the horse,
not necessarily
solar.
MANAOBAro
It is
Moon-god, four-armed, seated on throne.
.
TYPES. Inscriptions.
Ixiii
Types.
Mr. Thomas interprets the legend ' Mslonh Bago,' a particular form of the Iranian moon-deity.
mann
MAO
recognizes the deity as
Moon-god, holds
Mao
is
a
HofE-
Bahman (Mano Vohu)
sceptre, wreath, ankus, &c.
Zend name
for the
moon-god.
MIlPO, Radiate sun-god, holds sceptre, wreath, &c.
Mâ&#x201A;ŹIPo, MIOPO,
[In one case the inscription accompanies a figure
[ONio]
of Nanaia.J
The form occur. to
does not, so far as I know,
deity intended seems therefore rather
be the Iranian sun-god Mihira, than
Eoman
NANA
The
MIOPO
counterpart Mithras.
See above, under Greek
OANINAA
his Graeco-
deities.
Victory, holding wreath and sceptre.
The Zend word Vanant stands victory
for the star of
Mr. Thomas considers
(Hoffmann).
the
legend to refer to Anandates, a Persian deity mentioned by Strabo.* of his character
OAAO
But he was a male
we know
deity,
and
nothing.
Wind-god running. "Zend, is
OPAAFNO
'
The type
-wmd-god,' vdto " (Hoffmann).
very characteristic, and decidedly original.
War-god
;
holds spear and sword.
The legend has been read posed by Mr. Thomas
OPAAFNO,
to refer to Agni.
considers the deity to
be
the
and sup-
Hoffmann
Persian war-god
Varhran, or Bahram.
<l>APPO
Deity holding *
fire,
sceptre,
sword, &c., some-
'Qiiauov Koi 'AvaSdrov, ILepaiKav Saifiovav, page
512
(c).
INTEODUCTION.
Ixiv
Types.
Inscriptions.
times wears winged helmetj or stands on a fire;
sometimes holds the cadaceus of Hermes^ and even his purse.
The Persian word far and that the deity
mann
calls
or farr
a fire-god
is
him the god
is
signifies
Hoff-
evident.
of victory,
fire,
hvarenanh,
" Hoheits and Sieges-glanz."
Indian Deities.
(7.)
APAOXPO [AOXPO]
Female
deity,
The type
is
holding a cornucopiae.
nearer to that of the Greek Tyche
than to any other figure.
The legend has been
regarded as a transcription of Ardha-ugra, half or consort of Siva, Parvati. for Siva
there
is
still
certain, as
we
And
that
OKPO
stands
shall presently see
remains for explanation the aspirate
:
but
X for
K, as well as the curious circumstance that the cruel
and
telentless Parvati should appear in so
mild and
Hoffmann considers the
deity in-
propitious a form.
tended to be the Persian Ashis, daughter of Ahuro,
goddess of fortune.
Lakshmi,
the
Others suppose her to be
Indian
goddess
of
fortune,
who-
closely corresponds to Tyche.
MAACHNO
War-god Skanda, holding standard and sword. There can be sents the
little
doubt that the legend repre-
Sanskrit Mahasena,
'
ruler of a
army,' an epithet of both Siva and Skanda.
great
The
:
TYPES. Inscriptions.
Ixv Types.
figure so nearly resembles that of
present series, that Later,
it is
Skanda
safe to identify
Mahasena reappears,
-with hitn.
it
somewhat
in
in the
different
form.
OKPo
and bull
Siva, standing with trident
form of a
;
his hair in
shell.
Siva having four hands, in which he holds a vase,
an Indian thunderbolt,* a trident, and a goat sometimes a wreath or a Greek thunderbolt is
sometimes
There has been a quite unnecessary doubt as identification of this figure;
and von
Sallet "
No
it
Ahuro,
Pantheon aus Zeus, Poseidon, Hera-
doubt there
a Greek element in the
type, but the attributes prove
beyond any doubt that
Siva(Ugra) goat, are
Hindu hair
is
all
Two
The thunderbolt, trident, and
intended.
attributes of that deity as he appears in
pictures,
and the
arrangement of the
special
him
espe-
On some of the late coins Siva has three
faces.
and the
cially.
KOMAPO, BIZAro
Hoffmann calls
to the
is
kles," &c.
CKANAO
he
:
phallic.
phallic nature also belong to
figures of
armed
deities
one holds standard
;
and sword, one sword and spear. These figures also can be unhesitatingly identified as Skanda, the
epithet of
Hindu god of war, who' bears the
Kumara, the
called in the
prince,
and Visakha, who
is
Mahabharataf a son and impersonation
of Skanda.
* On
p.
132
this attribute has been called a
drum.
Its
form
is
that of a drum,
but the occurrence of the Greek thunderbolt in the hand of Siva shows that Indian counterpart of that weapon.
t
i.
2588,
iii.
14384, &c.
h
it is
the
INTBODTJCTION,
Ixvi
Types.
Insariptions.
CKANAO
Two figures, as
KOMAPO,
is
MAACHNO,
before; between
deity,
who
apparently torned.
j^
^j^jg
remarkable group we find again Skanda
Kumaraj and Visakha be Mahasena, who
(S
'
the third figure appears to
:
here differentiated from SiVa.
is
See above, under
(jJPON
BOAAO,
them a
Greek
Deities.'
Buddha.
)
Figure of Buddha, standing, preaching.
OAYO ROY ^ f CAKAMA, 5 iro RoYAAo
Buddha
: \ ,, These coms are most mterestmg as givmg us the .
earliest
\
seated cross-legged (PI. xxxii. 14).
^,
t
known
.
artistic representation of
The second and longer legend seems script of Advaya
to
Buddha.
be a tran-
Buddha Sakyamuni.* On a
Museum specimen ing
.
British
CAKAMA is clear; the old read-
CAM AN A, with its interpretation Sramana, must
therefore be given up.
The
style in
which these various figures are represented markable, and
points
style of types.
is re-
a local school,
clearly to .
ihere are a few set schemes according to which the figures are arranged. attitude as
Ardochro
close parallel in the difiers
from Ares
being the case, it
(xxvi. 6).
moon-god
(xxviii. 17) is
(xxvi. 10) is in exactly the
The sun-god
(xxvii. 22) .
'
his
(xxviii.40)
This
might be tempted to do, on the Roman aurei
Thus the
* The word advaja
Roma
only in the length of her chiton.
Roma
(xxviii. 20) is closely like Pallas
an aureus of Galba., and the Victory
be advaya-vadin,
same
(xxvii. 9) finds
Pallas, or
all
evidently futile to seek the originals of the types
of these coins, as one of the Caesars.
Nanaia
is
(xxviii. 1 3)
due to a suggestion of Mr. Bendall
he who speaks of the one (knowledge).'
on
nearly resembles ;
the
full
form would
"WEIGHTS
Victory on an aureus of Otho ; yet
the Indian coin the copy.
and drapery the
set
artists
by
coin
right in these
is
and
the prototype, and
Rather both coin-types are copies of a
conventional and widely current
Within the Kmita
we have no
Eoman
assume that the
similar cases to
]xv:11
mode
of representing the deities.
their conventional notions as to attitudes
employed by the Scythic kings move
freely;
they vary attributes continually, and in the case of Siva even develop a,
type quite different from anything to which they can have been
accustomed in a Greek school.
V. Weights. It
is
maintained by Gen. Cunningham that the earliest Greek coins of India, those of Sophvtes, are struck not on r j '
The purana.
the Attic standard, but on a native standard which is
based on the
Thomas 56 early
We
gr.
punched
Of these
rati or grain of abrus precatorius.
32 weigh, according to Cunningham, 58^ English
gr.,
grains,
according to
thus reach a unit, the purana, followed in the
silver coins of India
follows the same standard
is
likely
;
and that the money of Sophytes enough, though
if
so
it is
rather
over-weight.
Apart from these specimens, Use
all
the earlier coins of the kings of
Greek descent which were issued
of Attic
standard.
in India
and to
q^^ north of the Caucasus, are struck on the Attic
standard (drachm, 67*5 grains) which Alexander made universal in the regions which he conquered, and which was maintained by the Seleucid kings
The and
who succeeded him monarch
earliest
in Asia.
to strike on another standard is Bucratides
in the reigns of his successors, Heliocles
Attic standard
is
gradually given up, the
;
and Antialcidas, the
new standard advancing
in conjunction with the custom of using on the coins Indian transcripts of the
Greek legends.
INTllODUCTION.
Isviii
This new standard appears to be identical with that called by metrologists the Feisian standard.
coins were struck
notably the
must have
Persian,
sigli
the standard on which
m all parts of the Persian Empire, .
^,
/.
i
-n
t-.
stamped with the figure of the Persian king, which
which
freely circulated in the northern parts of India,
paid tribute to the Persians.
The standard used by the Indians
the silver coins, which they issued before the Greek conquest,
we have
already remarked
would seem not
â&#x20AC;˘
difi'erent.
The present standard
for
is
as
therefore
be native to India, but an importation from
to
Persia.
In the Persian standard the unit or drachm weighs 84-86 grains if
therefore the lower
Persian, we must
:
standard of the Greek kings of India be
call the
heavier pieces, which weigh as a
160 grains, didrachms; and the smaller
pieces,
maximum
which weigh up to 40
grains, hemidrachms.
Hitherto the larger pieces have usually been
treated as didrachms,
and the smaller
standard, which
wrong
is clearly
wrong.
as
But
hemidrachms, of Attic
Sallet also appears to
in supposing that the larger pieces are tetradrachms,
smaller drachms of a standard reduced from the Attic.
change from the Attic standard to that which I place suddenly, and
is
call
be
and the
For the
the Persian takes
evidently due not to any sinking of standard,
but to the adoption for purposes of convenience of a
difi'erent
weight
for coins.
All gold coins before the Indo-Scythic standard,
period follow the Attic
somewhat debased.
Gold standard.
The Indo-Scvthic â&#x20AC;˘'
gold money, as
we have
follows the standard of the aurei of
already observed, p.
Hii,
Rome.
The following
table gives approximately the normal or standard weights of coins in the various metals issued in India by Greek and Scythic kings.
PERCY GARDNER.
(
kix
)
NORMAL WEIGHTS OF COINS.
GOLD. Grains.
Stater of Attic Standard
Drachm
of Attic Standard
Indo-Scytliic distater
„
stater
„
quarter-stater
SILVEE. Tetradrachm of Attic Standard
Drachm
of Attic Standard
Hemidrachm
of Attic Standard
Obol of Attic Standard
Didrachm
of Persian
Hemidrachm
Standard
.
of Persian Standard
.
THE ARIAN Value.
PALI ALPHABET,
ON COINS.
THE ARIAN PALI ALPHABET, ON COINS.
Value.
.
Ixxii
(
)
TABLE OF TRANSLITERATIONS AND RENDERINGS OF PRAKRIT LEGENDS.
Indian.
Greek equivalent.
Englisli rendering.
INDIAN PALI. Akathukleyasa
AFAOOKAEOYZ
Paratalevasa
HANTAAEONTOZ
Eajine
BAZIAEnZ AEIAN
AkatHukreyasa*
PALI.
King
(genitive)
INTRODUCTION.
Indian.
Ixxiii
Ixxiv
INTRODUCTION.
Greek equivalent.
Indian.
KAAAlonH
Kaliyapaya
KAAA<I>EZ
Kaphsasa Karisiye vata
English rendering.
nagara
KAA<|)IZOY
KOZOYAO or KOZOAA
Kujula or
Kuyula
Khushana
of the city of Karisi.
Cunningham.
Kasasa
Kusliana or
God
de-
KOPON
1
or
XOPAN
Kushan
(tribe).
)
Lisiasa or Lisikasa
AYZIOY
Mahachhatrapasa
Satrap (gen.).
Maharajasa
BAZIAEnZ
King
Maharajabhrata or Maharaj abhraha
BAZIAEni:
Brother of the king.
Mahatasa or Mabatakasa
MEfAAOY
AAEA<|)OZ
1
j
Moasa
Great (gen.): Pali, mahanta.
Great prince
Mahisvarasa
Menadrasa
(gen.).
MENANAPOY MAYOY
Nikiasa
NIKIOY
Pakurasa
Palanakramasa
HAKOPOY EYEPPETOY
Philasinasa or Philusinasa
<|)|AoEENOY
Pratichhasa
Eni<|)ANOYZ
Perhaps for Sk. palanakahamasa, 'able to protect' (^«n.). Ksh not being a Prakrit combination of letters, we have not been able to find an example of it in Arian Pali, BendaU.
Ulustrions (gen.)
Pntrasa
(gen.).
YIOY
Son
.
:
—
for prattkshiyaaa
BendalL
(gen.).
INTRODUCTION.
Indian. Eajabalasa, Eamjarl bnlasa, &c. j
Eajadirajasa or Bajaiajasa
Greek equivalent.
Ixxv
English rendering.
PAIY BAZIAEnZ
)
BAZIAEflN
)
King
of kings (gen.).
Steadfast in true law
Sachadhramathidasa
dharmasthitasya
:
— for eatya-
(gen.).
Ben-
for sagarbha.
Gun-
daU.
—
Sagaba
Brother:
Sampriyapita
To whom
ningham. his father is very dear. This seems to be a rendering
Greek ningham. of the
Sarvaloga isvarasa
Prince of
all
(piKoTtardip.
Cun-
the world {gen.).
Spalagadamasa Spalahorasa Spalirisasa
Stratasa
ZnAAIPIZoY ZTPATflNOZ General
Strategasa
Teliphasa
THAE<|)OY
Theuphilasa Tradatasa
OEOOIAOY ZriTHPOZ
Vrishabha
TAYPOZ
BuU.
Tavugasa or Yauasa
ZAOOY
Yueh
(gen.),
Greek
—
(rrparriySs.
: perhaps for a Prakrit tra^iadatasa (gen.), of. Sk. tranakartri. Bendall.
Saviour
1
(gen.).
(
Ixxvi
)
COREIGENDA. Page 68,
no. i,
as a
&
p. 69, nos. 9,
whip over the
10
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;The object described in
the' text
king's shoulder seems to be merely the
falling ends of -the regal diadema, greatly exaggerated.
the coins of Azes and succeeding kings this view
Pp. 103, 105
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;The
first letter
stand for either, or even
On
adopted.
name of Gondophares (^) is ga and sometimes as gu. It may
in the
transliterated sometimes as
is
gam
;
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIC
KINGS OF BAOTEIA AND INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Hetal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
ANDEAGOEAS, KING OF PARTHIA? B.C. dr. 300.
Gold.
Bust of Zeus r,, wearing taenia; drapery round neck.
ANAPAroP[OY
Warrior
r.,
in
quadriga
by Nike, and
drawn
horned
driren by four
horses,
galloping.
131-9
M-1
behind,
Wf
[PI.
I.
1.]
Silver.
of a City r., wearing turreted crown.
Head
ANAPAroPOY
Pallas standing in chiton and peplos holds owl in r., 1. rests on shield I.,
clad
which is adorned with Gorgon's head ; behind her, spear.
255-8 iK,l-15 behind,
WP.
[PI.
I.
2.]
;
GBBBK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverao.
Size.
SOPHYTES, KING IN B.o.
INDIA*.
dr. 300.
Silver.
Head
of the king
close
-
fitting
in
r.,
helmet,
Zfl<l>YTOY Cock
r.
;
ceus.
bound with wreath wing on cheek-piece.
58-3
M&
on section of neck,
M
.
[PI.
I.
3.]
above, cadu-
DIODOTUa
No.
I.,
KING OF BACTHIA.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
No,
EUTHYDEMUS
No.
I.,
KING OP BACTRIA.
GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACtKIA AND INDU.
No.
.
DEMETRIUS, KING OF INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
()8)
Bust
Herakles of r., bearded, crowned with ivy ; lion's skin round neck, club over sboulder.
13
^1-
14
^1on
round
^1-35
I.,
2
.
0. C.
BAZIAEnZ
PI.
III.
l.J
Trident.
AHMHTPIOY to
Head of elephant r., beU hung round -neck.
iEM5
Artemis, radiate, facing, wearing short chiton ; holds in 1. hand, bow ; with r. hand, draws arrow from quiver at her shoulder.
[I.
shield.
16
BAZIAEAZ
AHMHTPIOY
to
Gorgon-head,
15
Bronze.
1.,
^
BAZIAEflZ
Caduceus.
AHMHTPIOY tol..
[I.
0. C.
PI.
III.
2.]
GBEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
No.
;
PANTALEON, KING OP INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
PANTALEON", KING OF INDIA. (Son and successor (a)
Bust of young Dionysos r., wearing ivy-wreath
NicMl.
BAZIAEflZ
Bust of young Dionysos r., weajing ivy- wreath ;
1.
r.,
fore-paw
EY1
Bronze, round.
BAZIAEnZ
Panther to
nANTAAEONTOZ
thyrsos over shoulder.
^95
Panther to
raised.
tol.,
(/3)
of Demetrius.)
riANTAAEONTOZ
thyrsos over .shoulder.
110-2 NI-95
1
1.
r.,
fore-paw
raised.
to
I.,
A.
[PI.
III.
8.]
(y) Bronze, square.
?
"J
1
{RajinePamr talevasa*).
l/*A -0 figure
dants
Female with long penfrom her ears, .6
oriental
with trousers her
M
r.
lion
r.,
incuse
square.
1;
in
clad
BAZIAEnZ Maneless riANTAAEONTOZ in
hand a
;
dress
holds in
flower. [PI- "I- 9-]
-95
^85 [I.
iE-9
0.
C]
* I repeat General Cimningham's reading of this inscription and those The Indian inscription in the text is a facsimile
on the coins of Agathocles.
taken from the inscriptions on the coins
:
some
of the
forms
of letters
abnormal.
G
seem
;
.
GREEK AND SOTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.
10
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
AGATHOCLES, KING OF INDIA. (Son and successor 1 of Demetrius.) (a) Silver ; with portraits of his predecessors.
BAZIAEYONTOZ AFAeoKAEOYZ
AAEZANAPOY TOY <t>iAinnoY Head
AIKAIOY
of Alexander as
Heraldes
r.,
in
1.
Zeus seated on throne
with back;
holds eagle and long sceptre.
lion's
skin.
251-2
^1-4
to
AlOAOTOY
Head
ZnTHPOZ r.,
BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus striding hurUng AfAeoKAEoYZ to
of
Diodotus
I.,
AIKAIOY
diad;
aegis
2
263 '5 .111 -3
to
EYGYAHMOY 0EOY demus
I. r.,
[PI. IV. 1.]
R:
1.,
1.,
on
1.
wreath
arm ;
to
thunderbolt ;
at his feet, eagle
r.,
|^
.
BAZIAEYONTOZ AfAeoKAEOYZ
Head
of Euthy-
AIKAIOY
diad.
Herakles,
naked, seated
on rock ; in r. hand, rests on a rock.
^1-2
to
(|8)
Bust of the king
r.,
Silver diad.
;
[PI. iv. 2.]
bearded,
1.
261-2
1,
club,
which
[PI. IV. 3.]
r..
with his own portrait.
B AZ A EnZ Zeus, facing, clad AfASOKAEOYZ in himation; I
holds
in
r.
hand, three-headed
Hekate who bears two torches in his
240-8
63-6
^1-2
^-8
1.
hand, long sceptre.
tol.,
[PI. IV. 4. J
[PL
IV.
5.]
AflATHOCLESj KING OF INDIA.
No.
11
12
No.
GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(0 Bronze ;
square
TA^t^7
^TY'^')^
{AhaBuddhist surmounted by
tJmJcreyasa).
stupa,
Indian legend.
;
{Hiduja Same).
Tree
in a square railed enclosure.
star.
M-75
15
letters? in field.
[PI. iv. 10.]
ANTIMACHUS, KING OF INDIA. (Descendant and successor of Diodotus?). (o) Silver.
Bust of the king
r.,
BAZIAEnZ GEOY Poseidon, ANTIMAXOY facing, wear-
diad.,
wearing causia.
ing himation and wreath; holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1., palm,
bound with
262-3
Ml-35
260-5
Ml-15
252-3
Ml-2
59-
JR-8
31-5
10-6
fillet.
tor.,®.
„
|tor.,
[PI. V. 1.]
k.
®.
|tor., bsj.
M-i5
to I
r.,
R:
.
[PI. V. 2.]
[I.
0. C.
PI. V.
3.J
.
;
13
EUORATIDES, KING OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
EUCEATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. (Contemporary of Antiochus IV. and Demetrius (a) Silver
Bust of the king
r.,
diad.
fillet-border.
;
I.
of Syria.)
type, Apollo,
clad in BAZIAEnZ ApoUo and chlamys EYKPATIAOY 1.,
boots ; holds arrow and bow.
257-2 .31 1-2
256-5
^1-3
261-
^1-3
261-
^1-3
58-5
M-1
to
|tol.,
(border of dots.)
fillet-border.
259
iRl-25
r.,
Silver
diad.
;
Kh
type.
The
[I.
PL
0. C.
0.
[I.
Bust of the king
^1-25
M
[I.
(j8)
258-5
1.,
V. 4.]
C]
O.C.
PI. V. 5.]
Dioseuni.
BAZIAEI2Z
The
Dioscuri charging r,, holding long lances and palms.
EYKPATIAOY
below, f:.
â&#x20AC;&#x17E;
lAI.
[PI. V. 6.j
[I.
0.
C]
u No.
GEBEKAND
SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
15
EUCRATIDBS, KING OP BACTKIA AND INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
(y) Silver
Bust of the king
r.,
;
diad,
type, Pilei of Dioscuri.
BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY
The pUei
of the
Dioscuri, laur.,
surmounted by
stars
and two
;
palms.
19
9-9
^•45
20
9-1
A
21
9-9
iR-45
22
23
24
25
26
below,
10-
9-2
[I.
.
C]
0.
-45
10-8 .51-5
9-5
^
„
bf-
.^•45
[I.
0. c.
[I.
^•45
„
K.
^•45
„
lAI.
0.
[I.
7-3 i5l-4
PI.
V.
10.]
C]
0. C.J
(broken)
Bust of the king and helmeted.
27
9-9
^•45
28
10-1
^•45
29
10-
^•45
30
6 (broken)
^•4
r.,
diad.
BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY below,
Similar type.
IA|.
[PI. V. ll.J
nr.
[I.
0.
C]
GREEK AND 8CTTHI0 KINGS OP BACTEIA AND
No.
INDIA.
EUCRATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.
No.
17
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
18
Metal.
No.
Wt.
Keverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEflZ
MEfA-
I^'T^V
{Maharajasa Evu-
AOY EYKPATIAOY I"!"*!-^^/ Head of the king
Tcratidasa).
The
r.,
pilei of
without helmet.
diad.,
by 56
^•6
57
^•6
the Dioscuri surmounted
stars,
[I.
(X)
and two palms.
PI. VI. 5.]
0. C.
Bronze; sqiiare; type, Nike.
BAZlAEnZ MEPA- T^V j^ AOY £YKPATIA0Y y\^2^:7/ Bust of the king
{Maharajasa UvuTcratidasa).
Nike
r.,
diad.
58
1.,
and helmeted.
^65
to
59
60
1.,
bearing wreath and palm.
cp
„
„
[I.
0. C.
PI. VI. 6.]
M-7
Similar? (obscure coin).
Same
inscr.?
Nike
r.,
bearing wreath
Nike
r.,
bearing wreath
and palm.
61
M-65
MEfAAoY BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY
Same
inscr.
and palm.
Bust of the king 1., helmeted, striking with spear.
M-9
to
T.,\^.
[I.
0. C.
PI. VI. 7.]
19
HELIOCLES AND LAODICE.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Eeverse.
Obverse.
Size.
{rj)
Bronze; square;
type, Zetis.
BAZIAEnZ MEfA- 'l7'\'^lÂŁAh*^1^ {Karisiye AOY EYKPATIAOY nagara devaia *). Zeus seated 1.
1
the king diad. and helmeted.
Bust
of
r.,
on throne; holds wreath and palm; in front, forepart of elephant
r.
;
behind, conical object.
M-1
63
tor.,
[PL
OC.
EUCEATIDES, WITH HELIOCLES
AND
VI. 8.]
LAODICE.
(Father and mother of Eucratides.) Silver.
BAZIAEYZ MEPAZ H A lO K A EOYZ KAI AAOAIKHZ EYKPATIAHZ Bust of Eucratides diad. and helmeted.
251-4
^1-25
with bare head ;
r.,
to
(fillet-border).
1.,
lAI
.
[I.
61-1
M-
* This
is
r.
ofHeliocles, and Laodice, diad.
(fillet-border).
0. C.
Itol., lAI.
'
Busts jugate
PI. VI. 9.]
[PL
VI.
10.]
the conjectural reading of Gen. Cunningham, who interprets, These coins are sometimes restruok upon
the god of the city of Kariei.'
money
of Apollodotus
have been issued
:
it
seems, however, not improbable that they
after the death of Eucratides.
See Introduction.
may
:
GEEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND
20
No.
Wt.
MetaL
Obverse.
Size.
INDIA.
Reverse.
PLATO.
166.
B.O.
(Contemporary of Eucratides.) (a) Silver.
Bust of the king r., diad. and wearing helmet adorned with ear and horn of bull, and crest
BAZIAEAZ EniÂŤ|)ANOYZ rjAATIlNOZ diate, clad in chiton
HeHos r., raand chlamys;
in quadriga.
fiUet-border.
249-
to
iRl-3
r.,
M:
in ex.,
PML*
[Pl.vi. 11.]
(year 147 of the Seleucid era.)
* The visible,
P
can scarcely be considered a certainty, but a down stroke
which seems to prove that a third
letter existed.
:
21
HELIOCLES.
No.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
HELIOCLES. (Son or brother of Eucratides.) (a) Silver ; Cfreek inscription ; Attic weight.
Bust of the king fillet-border.
r.,
diad.
BAZIAEnZ HAIOKAEOYZ A K A OY
Zeus, laur., clad in himation ; holds and long thunderbolt
I
I
winged
facing,
sceptre.
261-2
M\-3
258-
Ml-25
„
„
[LO.C]
259-7
Ml-25
„
5.
[PL
249-8
Ml-15
246 6
Ml-i
in ex.,
240-8
Ml-3
to
205-1
^105
tol.,
1.,
[PI. VII. 1.]
Kf.
VII. 2.]
nr.
E
.
[1.
^
0.
c]
(plated)
58-9
^8
in ex.,
9
56-7
^•8
„
10
56-8
^-8
to
1.,
nr.
[PI. vii. 3.]
A or A lAl
.
(inscr. semi-barbarous.) [I.
0.
C]
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
22;
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Eeverse.
Obverse.
(;S)
11
Ml-2
13
M\-2
.14
Ml-l
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Barbarous copies in bronze.
23
HELIOCLES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obyerse.
Size.
(Another Heliocles?). (y) Silver
;
Indian inscription
;
Persian weight.
BAZIAEHZ AIKAI- T^H'lT^^.'^V OY HAIOKAEOYZ T^ A 2? A •'1'^ Bust
diad.
of
the
king
{Mahdrajasa dhramilcasa
r.,
Heliyakreyasa). Zeus, laui., facing,
,
clad in himation
;
holds 'winged
thunderholt and long sceptre.
22
146-4 JSilOb
23
34'5
^•65
24
34-2
^•65
25
26-3
^•65
toL, lOP.
tol.,
(8)
Bronze
Z.
;
[I.
O.C.
Pl.vn.
[I.
O.C.
PI. VII. 6.]
square.
BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- TT'M'JT^^.'^^ *t] '^ OY HAIOKAEOYZ r A^A Bust of the king
^•85
27
^•85
(Mdhdrajasa, dfiramikasa
r.,
Heliyakreyasa).
diad.
26
5.]
below, fW,
'
Elephant
1.
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND
24
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEI2Z
AIKAI-
OY HAIOKAEOYZ of the king diad,, bearded.
Bust
yh M'i T ^ A^ A
;^
'n.~
V
{Maharajasa
«tj/4>
dhramihaea
r.,
Elephant
Heliyakreyasa).
28
iE-8*
below,
29
^•85
above,
AIKAI- Same
1.
Z. K.
(inscr.
[L 0.
BAZIAETIZ
INDIA.
inscr,
C.
ends
PL
A;re-«a-s«).
VII. 7.]
Indian bull
r.
OY HAIOKAEOYZ Elephant
30
^•8
31
iE-95
r.
0. C.
PL
of Strato, the characters
^2
[I.
to L,
* Restruck on a coin
the reverse from previous striking.
VII. 8.]
P]
r
remaining on
.
;
25
ANTIALOIDAS.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Beveree.
Obverse.
Size.
ANTIALCIDAS, (a) Silver; Attic weight.
Bust of the king
r.,
diad.
fillet-border.
BAZIAEnZ NIKH<l>oPOY ANTIAAKIAOY Zeus, laur., seated
Nike,
on throne ; holds in r,, bears wreath and pahn;
1.
who
in 1., long sceptre; in field 1., forepart of elephant with bell round neck, who raises his trunk.
257-2
Ml-35
[I. 0. C.
tor., )?(.
PI. VII. 9.]
{P) Silver ; Indian weight.
BAZIAETIZ
NIKH-
<t»0P0Y
ANTIAA-
KIAOY
Bust of the
king
r.,
T^%'*17'^(^)7
rajasa
jayadharasa Andialikidasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne ; holds in r. hand, palm and wreath; in 1.,
diad.
; to 1., small elephant upwards, who grasps the wreath in his trunk.
sceptre
34-5
M-e5
to
Same
inscr.
king
r.,
r.,
Bust of the Same
diad.
1^
[PI. VII.
.
inscr.
holds in tre
;
to
r.
1.,
10]
Zeus seated 1. on throne; hand, Nike; in 1., scep-
forepart of elephant,
who
raises his trunk.
36-4
M-65
below throne,
)?(
38-
M-7
tor.,
101.
37-9
M'65
(king wears causia).
below throne,
.
(elephant
„[I.O.C.]
)?{
[PL
VII.
r.)
11. J
26
No.
GREEK AND 80YTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA.
.
27
ANTIALOIDAS;
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Eeverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(y)
BAZIAEnZ <|)OPoY
Bronze; round.
NIKH-
ANTIAA-
KIAOY r.,
Bust of Zeus with hand hurling
thunderbolt.
jayadharasa Amtidlikidasd). Lau-
'
reate pilei
of the Dioscuri,
mounted by two pahna. 16
M-9
to
r.,
|?(
17
M-85
to
1.,
„
18
iE-85
(J)
BAZIAEflZ NIKH<|>0P0Y ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of Zeus r.,
bare-headed
derbolt over
1.
;
thun-
shoulder^
stars
Bronze; square.
T^ ?A^ T^ "1.~V T"l%'*17^(?)7
^;
stars
20
M-8
J)
^*
i
IS
J)
21
^•75
)>
A
5
)>
))
I)
»
»
»
»
IvI
24
M-75
25
^75
rajqsa
reate pilei of the Dioscuri,
M-75
M-7
{Maha-
jayadharasa Amtialikidasa). Lau-
19
23
sur-
between them,
[PI. VIII. 1.]
mounted by two palms.
22
;
tol.,
tor.,
Z.
j
sur-
between them,
[PL
[I-
viir. 2.]
0- C.]
23
No.
GIIKEK
Wt.
AND SCYTHIO
KIKGIS
OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.
Metal.
Eeveree.
Obverse.
Size'.
BAZIAEnZ
NIKH-
<|)OPoY
ANTIAA-
KIAOY
Bust of Zeus
lam., with, hand hurling thunderbolt.
r.,
7^ ?A:d
t:j ^.'^v y^%'*]?^(%)?
iE-75
27
^•75
28
M'7
29
M-7
30
M-85
reate pilei of
toL,
„
R:.
ft.
vm.
3.]
above, „
inscr.,
Aegis.
iE-85
the Di«scuii, sur; between them,
stars
[PI.
Same
31
raiasa
jayadharasa AmtialiMdasa). Lau-
mounted by two palms. 26
{Mdhd-
blundered.
Same
inscr.,
blundered.
Palm and
wreath.
below, 101
.
[I.
0. C.
PL
Tin. 4.]
LTSIAS.
No.
29
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND
30
No.
.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Bronze; square.
(y)
BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AYZloY Bust of bearded Herakles lion's skin
INDIA.
r.
;
round neck,
and club over shoulder,
{Mdhdrajasa T/^'t"*1 apadihatasa lAsikasa). Elephant r., walking. >
9
10
11
S
Z
If
If
is
l>
»l
1>
below,
M-75
12
above,
13
^•75
14
iE-85
K
[PI. viu. 9.]
.
below, 101
„
)?(.
(king's
name
"F 7 '^ ''I >
written
Lisiasa.')
.
.
No.
Wt.
31
DI0MBDE3.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
DIOMEDES. (a) Silver
;
type, Dioscuri, standing.
BAZIAEHZ ZflTH- T'l'lXT^'l'^*-' (Maharajasa POZ AIOMHAOY "Y ^WA.^ tradatasa DiyaBust of the king r.,
diad.
34-8 /U-65
35-
M-G5
medasa). The Dioscuri, facing, holding lances.
to
tol.,
^king helmeted).
(J3)
r.,
^
[PI. viii. 10.]
„
[PI. VIII. 11.]
Silver ; type, Dioscuri, mounted.
BAZIAEnZ ZI2TH- T*1^'\T2i'n~«-' (Maharajasa POZ AIOMHAOY ^^/\^ tradatasa Diya-
T
Bust of the king r., diad.
The Dioscuri, charging holding long lances and pahns
viedasa). r.,
33-5
M-65
33-1
M-e5
below, 1^.
[PL
(king helmeted).
(y)
BAZIAEnZ znTHPOZ AIOMHAOY The
Dioscuri,
holding lances.
M-8 iE-85
^•85
M-75
[PI. VIII. 12.]
facing,
VIII 13.]
Bronze; square.
T'n'lXT2:!^.'^*=' {M&Mrajasa
'Y^
^ A^
medasa).
tradatasa Diya-
Indian bull
r.
"
below, i^.
„
zS.
[PI. VIII. 14.]
.
32
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Obverse.
Reveree.
AECHEBIUS. (a) Silver.
BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY NIKH<l)OPOY APXEBIOY the king
r.,
A ^^7
(Mdhdrajasa r dhramikasa jayadharasa ArJche-
Bust of
diad.
hiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in himar tion ; holds long sceptre in 1. hand,
and hurls thunderbolt with 139-
^1-05
to L,
36-,
36-3
to
M-65
r.,
rW
0. C.
[I.
.
IX. 1.]
[PI. IX. 2.]
iae'
(king helmeted).
[PI. IX. 3.]
BAZIAEHZ AIKAIOY NIKH<t>OPOY APXEBIOY
PL
T A 41^7
Bust of
(^Mahdrajasa
dhramikasa jayadharasa Arlthehiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in hima-
the king 1., diad., wearing aegis and thrusting
tion
with spear.
holds long sceptre in
;
1.
and hurls thunderbolt with 147-6
^1-
34-4
^7
(king helmeted).
to
1,,
Eti
to
1.,
g:
[I.
.
;
to
(/8)
BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY NIKH<|)OPoY APXEBIOY
iEl-
NikeL, and
wreath
0. C.
hand, r.
PI, IX. 4.J
^.
r.,
[L 0.
holding palm.
r.
PL
C.
IX. 5.]
Bronze; round.
T A ^^7
(Mdhdrajasa dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhebiyasa).
tor.,rM.
Owl
r.
[PL
IX. 6.]
.
,
33
AEOHEBIUB.
wt.
Metal.
Reverse
Obverse.
Size.
(y)
Bronze; square.
BAZIAEnZ •Y
AIKAINIKH<|)«P«Y
APXEBI-Y Elephant
TA+l*^?
r.
hiyasa).
^1^•9
{MdMrajasa
dhramikasa jayadhardsa Arkhe-
below, W1
Owl
r.
[PI. IX. 7.]
[I. 0.
C]
34
GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Keverse.
Obverse.
Size.
APOLLODOTUS (a) Silver ;
BAZIAEflZ
I.
round ; Attic weight.
AnoA-
AOAOTOY ZnTH-
(Mdhdrajasa Apaladatasa trada-
POZ
tasa).
Elephant
r.,
band
Indian bull
r.
roimd body. 31-1
M-6
30-8
M'6
[PI. IX. 8.]
[I.
(j8)
Silver ; square
BAZIAEnZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZHTH POZ Elephant r., band round body. 3
37-9
4
37-8
5
37-8
6
37-7
7
38-
8
36-3
9
37-5
10
38-
11
37-9
12
18-3
^•65
;
Indian
0.
C]
weiglit.
.
APOLLODOTUS
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Eeverse.
(y)
Bronze; square.
BAZIAEnZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZI2THPOZ facing
;
^•9
U
iE-95
15
^85
16
i[!3-85
17
^95
{Mahdrajasa Apaladatasa tradaTripod on stand, in square
Apollo, laur., holds in r. hand,
arrow ; in
13
35
I.
1.,
tasa).
of dots.
bow.
[PI. IX. 10.]
[I. 0.
to
r.,
tol., ftl.
C]
K rt.
„
f^
[I.
18
19
M-9
20
M-9
21
M-9
„
1.
22
^V
„
z
23
iG-9
„
ih.
24
M-75
0.
C]
hpl.
[I-O.C]
[PI. IX. 11. J
..
.
GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BiOTEIA AND INDIA.
36
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEilZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZflTHApoUo, laur., POZ
(Jdahdrajasa Apaladatasa tradaTripod on stand, in square
tasa).
facing ; holds in r. hand, arrow ; in 1., bow.
of dots.
^•9 ^•85
to
1.,
'El
to
1.,
to
r.,
C]
[I.
0.
[I.
0. C.
B
iE-95
^9
ITT.
^•9
2 A~
.^9
"
EP(?)
^•8
to
1.,
T?
JE-7
to
r.,
M
M-1
(inscr.
)
.,
^•75
M-m
(
.,
)
tol.,
„
to
r.,
M
,,
fft.
M-7 (5)
Indian bull
Bronze; square r.,
;
PI. IX. 12.]
[I.
O.
C]
[I.
0.
C]
M.
"
(
.
blundered.)
iE-75
^9
.
.
perhaps of Apollodottis.
in square Tripod, in square of dots.
of dots.
39
M-5
[I.
?
q. c.
PI. IX. 1.3.]
J
.
APOLLODOTUS
No.
II.,
37
PHILOPATOR.
Metal.
Wt.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
APOLLODOTUS
IL,
PHILOPATOK.
(a) Silver.
MErAZflTHPoZ
BAZIAEX2Z
AOY
(Maharajasa tradatasa ApdladaPallas 1., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thun,
<l>IAonATO-
KAI
tasa).
POZ AFIOAAOAO-
TOY king
128-5
r.,
Bust of the
derbolt.
diad.
MV15
tol..
BAZIAEflZ ZilTH-
[PI. X. 1.]
Similar.
POZ KAI <l>IAOriAToPoZ AROA-
AOAOTOY
Similar
bust.
37-2
M-75
tol,
37-3
M-65
to
1.,
[PI. X. 2.]
uncertain letter; to
r.,
[PI. X. 3.]
36-1
M-7
3C-
M-7
36-8
M-1
to
BAZIAEXIZ ZflTHPoZ AFIOAAOAO-
TOY 35-4
^•65
37-8
^•6
r,,
|S^
,.
A-
Similar.
Similar bust. tol., 'i^; tor.,
^.
[L 0. C."
PI. X. 4.
.
.
GEBBK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
38
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
Bronze; round.
(/8)
BAZIAEnZ ZflTHPOZ AFIOAAOAO-
(Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-
TOY
Apollo r., clad in chlamys and boots, holding with, both hands an arrow ; a quiver at
Tripod.
tasa).
his shoulder.
9
10
iEl-25 tol.,^.
to
J
1.,
to
;
r.,
^
^1-05
[PI. X. 5.]
(•y)
Bronze; square.
BAZIAEHZ ZriTHPOZ AfloAAoAO-
{Makarajasa tradatasa Apalada-
TOY
Apollo facing, clad in chlamys and boots quiver behind shoulder; holds in 1. hand, bow ; in r., arrow, which rests on the ground.
Tripod.
tasa).
;
11
Ml-
to
Same
inscr.
Apollo
r.,
^
1.,
to
;
Same
inscr.
to
T
1|
r.,
[PI. X. 6.]
.
Tripod.
clad in chlamys and boots ; holds with both hands ah arrow ; a quiver at his shoulder.
12
1.,
;
to
r.,
club.
{flan of coin round),
13
.^•95
15
mons. obscure. to
14
[PI. x. 7.]
I.,
'^
;
to
r.,
^
.
(type within square of dots.)
^•8
to
r.,
M [I.
„ 0. C.
PI. X. 8.]
APOLLODOTUS
No.
Wt.
39
FHILOPATOR.
II.,
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEnZ ZfiTHPOZ
KAI
<|>IAO-
{Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-
HATOPOZ AnoA'AOAOTOY
tasa).
Tripod.
Apollo
clad in cUamys and boots ; holds in r. hand, r.,
arrow
16
(type
;
in
1.,
within
bow.
square
of to
r.,
men.
(type within square of fillet-pattern).
fillet-pattern.)
17
BAZIAEnZ znTH POZ
KAI
01 AO-
{Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-
HATOPOZ AnoAAOAOTOY Similar
tasa).
Tripod.
type.
18
M -65
19
JB-6
to
within type, Similar square of fiUet-pattem.
20
M-^
r.,
[PI. X. 9.J
{Maharajasa tradatasa Aj>aladaDiadema. tasa).
.
GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
^,40
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
STEATO
I.
(a) Silver,
BAZIAEflZ
Eni4>A-
NOYZ ZnTHPoZ ZTPATHNOZ
Bust
of
tlie
king
(Mdhdrajasa r IE praticKhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pallas L, holding with L hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt,
r.,
diad.
133-3
Ml-05
(king wears helmet.)
31-3 36-2
M-7
33-3
M-65
1.,
^,
tol.,
^.
to
„
[PI. X. 10.]
[PI. X. 11.]
ft.
BAZIAEnZ ZilTH TI^XT^ii'l.'^V {Maharajasa POZ ZTPATHNOZ tradatasa Straf\ i Bust of the king diad. r.,
Similar type.
tasa).
35-8
^•7
(king helmeted.)
35-5
to
1.,
„
[PLx.
101.
1
;
to
r.,
12.]
^
*1
(semi-barbarous.)
37-6
M-65
»
35-4 M.-6
"
.... t34-4
I
inscr.
.
.
PONOZA NOZ
.
"
j
I
i(
j
J)
»
H [I.O.C. •
)>
^
•
)>
Pl.x. 13.] ,,
)>
[PI. X. 14.]
10
32-2 VR-65
[I.O.C.] (last line of inscr. •
Or H
t This
padayashasa ?).
cha, prackichhaia. is
one oi the coins sometimes wrongly given to an imaginary
king, Rosastonos.
STRATO
iNo.
Wt.
Metal.
41
I.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEnZ ZflTH POZ AIKAIOY ZTPATilNOZ Bust
of
king
tlie
T^ 2 r.,
diad.
11
32-7
^•65
to
(;8)
r.,
T^^
laur.;
^1-
to
(y)
BAZIAEilZ
{Mahdrajasa
pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Bow and quiver, with strap.
hair in queue.
12
[PI. XI. l.J
1,101.
Bronze; round.
BAZIAEnZ Eni<t>ANOYZ ZnTHPOZ ZTPATilNOZ Bust of Apollo
{Mahdrajasa
tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Pallas r., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderholt.
1.,
k
Bronze ; square
[PI. XI. 2.]
;
type,
AjwUo.
Eni<l>A-
NOYZ ZnTHPOZ
{Mahdrajasa
"Y^^
ZTPATI2NOZ
pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa).
Apollo, facing; holds in r. hand, arrow; in 1.,
Tripod-lebes, on stand.
bow.
13
^•95
to
1.,
&;
to
r.,
H [I.
14
15
16
^85
„
rfl.
>>
^^
•
„
"X
;
.
0. C.
PI. XI. 3.]
[I.O.C]
to
r.,
'n and nion. 0. C]
[I.
.
42
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
ReTerae.
Bronze
(8)
BAZIAEnZ znTHPOZ ZTPATHNOZ
square
;
17
M-8
18
iE-85
19
^•8
over shoulder,
r.
club
bound
with, taenia.
tor.,
1^.
[I.
0. C.
[I. 0.
'F *!
ZTPATriNOZ
2
PI. XI. 4.]
C]
{Maharajasa
tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Similar type.
Similar type.
.^•9
T^"i.~v
{Maharajasa tradatasa Stratasa). Nike r., holds wreath and palm.
BAZIAEilZ ZriTH POZ AIKAIOY
20
type, Nike.
T^2 T"i^X
Bust of bearded Herakles
;
;
to
r.,
101
[PI. XI. 5.]
43
AGATHOCLBIA, WITH STEATO.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Eeverse.
Obverse.
Size.
AGATHOCLEIA, WITH STEATO. (a)
Bronze
;
square.
BAZIAIZZHZ eEO- TT'S'i T"i^\ y^^'^ TPonoY AFAeo(Jdaharaja^a y^i KAEIAZ Bust of the tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Queen
r.,
helmeted.
Herakles seated 1. on rock ; holds in r. hand, club, which rests- on
knee (type of Euthydemus).
M
-8
^â&#x20AC;˘8
to
1.,
|0P.
[PI. XI. 6.]
[I.
0.
C]
-
44
No.
GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
.
45
MENANDBR.
No.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
ObTerse.
BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- T^'l-\T^^.~V (Maharafasa POZMENANAPOY ^ J Jenc Bust of the king diad. .\ 1^Pallas trltasa u° holding m drasa). r.,
,
Wf
,,
•
i.
i
hand
and with
aegis,
r.
hurling
thunderbolt.
12
37-8
^•7
13
37-8
^-7
14
39-
^•7
15
34-8
M-G5
to
1.,
16
33-6
M-7
to
r.,
17
37-6
^7
18
37-4
^7
19
38-
^•65
20
341 ^•75
21
37-5
^•65
„
22
36-
M-65
I)
23
37-7
24
37-3
M-65
25
37-
M-7
(king helmeted).
to
r.,
[I.
„
to
].,
^
0.
.
E-
S ;
to
r.,
1^.
W[I.
„
to
r.,
C]
„
„
0.
C]
)?(.
„
i
1.
1.,
[PI. XI. lO.J
46
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BASIAEnS ZflTHPOZ MENANAPOY
T'n^-'T.Tsl'n-'^V (Maharajasa
T"*\.£^
Bust of the king r., diad.
trddatasa
Mma-
holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling drasa).
Pallas
1.,
thunderbolt.
^65
26
36-3
27
39'
28
38-3
^•7
29
38-
^75
30
38-7
^-7
tol., )?{; tor.,
„
tor.,
Same
Z; 1^.
Bust of the Similar. wearing aegis thrusting with
insor.
king
and
1.,
spear.
31
36-6
32
37-1
33
37-3
34
37-8
35
38-
^7
tol.,)^.
tor.,
A
-65
^•75
M.
„
m.
»
Ivl
•
„
r.
)?(.
[I.
0.
C]
MENANDBE.
No.
47
.
QBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BA.CTEIA AND
48
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
ObTerso.
Size.
INDIA.
(7) Bronze ; square ; with
head uf Pallas.
BAZIAEflZ ZnTH- T^^XT^^I.^^^ POZ MENANAPOY Bust of Pallas
47
iEM
drasa).
below, 1^
Similar.
Same
{Maharajasa
tradatasa MenaHorse r., prancing.
\.Z.^
"Y
wearing crested helmet. r.,
.
Nike
inscr.
r.
;
holds wreath
and palm. 48
to
r.,
ft
49
„
^.
50
„
E-
52
»
J)
53
„
m
»
W-
51
0.
[I.
.
[I.
O. C.
C] PI. XI. 13.]
^•85
54 55
M-9>
Similar.
Same
Nike
inscr.
1.
;
holds wreath
and palm. 56
M-7b
57
M-d,
58
M-1b
to
1.,
1^
„
•^
„
;
;
B.
to
„
r.,
B
[I.
.
0.
C]
[PI. XII. l.J
„
[I.
0.
C]
MENANDEB.
No.
49
GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
No.
51
DIONYSIUS.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
EPANDER. (a)
BAZIAEnZ
Bronze.
NIKH-
<t>oPoY EHANAPOY Nike advancing r. holds
(Mdharajasa jaijadharasa Indian bull
drdsa).
;
Epa-
r.
wieath and palm.
M-9
below, l£
R:
[I.
.
0. C.
PI. XII 8.]
DIONYSIUS. (a) Silver.
BAZIAEnZ znxH- y*n*l\T^^~"-' POZ
AIONYZIOY
(Maharajasa
A ^ -9 7 ^
tradatasa Pallas 1. ; holding Dianisiyasd) in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r., hurling thunderbolt.
*P
Bust of the king r., diad.
.
38-
M-7
to
(/3)
r.,
^
[I.
.
0. C.
PI. XII. 9.]
Bronze.
BAZrAEHZ zriTH- TA^^-f 7^ T"i^\ y:^^^^ POZ
AIONYZIOY
(^Maharajasa tradatasa DianisiTripod.
ApoUor.jCladin chlamys and boots; holds in both hands an arrow ; a quiver
yasa).
at his back.
"^
to
iE-85
to
^•8
mons. obscure.
1.,
;
r.,
r+1.
[I.
0.
C]
52
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
ZOILUS. (a)
Silver
;
baziaehz AiKArOY iniAOY Bust of the king
37-4
M-7
38
M-65
r.,
with
BiKaw.
title
(Maharajasa
dhramilcasa Jhdi^ Herakles facing, crowned with ivy; holds in r. hand, wreath; in 1., chib and lion's skin.
diad.
lasa).
tol.,t^.
[PL
[I.
(yS)
Silver
;
with
XII. 10.]
0.
title a-oyr^p.
BAZIAEnZ ZflTH T*1*l\T7^'^«-» POZ iniAOY Bust I'iT'^ of the king
r.,
diad.
C]
(Maharajasa tradatasa
PaUas I. ; holding in L hand, aegis ; and with r., hurlJho'ilasa).
ing thimderbolt.
34'8
^•65
tol.,
?;
tor.,
^. [I.O.C.
37-4 yR-65
37-6
^•8
36-6
^6
34-4
^•7
382
^7
Z in inscr.
„
^;
„
„
PL
[I.
XII. 11.]
0.
C]
f\j
[I.
O.
C]
53
ZOILUS.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(y)
Bronze
BAZIAEnZ ZflTH-
T*^^^
Apollo r., clad in chlamys and Loots ; holds in both hands an arrow; a quiver
back
;
in.
field
round.
Y'n'n'XT'V^'^'-' {Maharajasa
POZ ICOIAOY
at his
;
Jhdilasa).
tradatasa
Tripod.
1.,
small elephant.
.^1-25
tol.,
Elephant
10
^;
tor.,
7.
to
7-
[Pl.xii. 12.]
SimOar.
r.
^â&#x20AC;˘75
to
(5)
1.,
H;
r.,
(double-struck).
Bronze; square.
BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ iniAOY
(Maharajasa tradatasa Jhdilasa).
ApoUo r.,
clad in chlamys and boots ; holds in both hands an arrow; a quiver
Tripod.
at his back.
11
Ml-
tol .^.
to
1.,
7
;
to
r.,
T'
.
[PI. XII. 13.]
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.
54
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reveree.
Obverse.
Size.
APOLLOPHANES. (o) Silver.
BAZIAEIIZ ZflTH- T*1*1'1.T^*T^»-' POZ AnoAAO<t>AT S 7^ 'I lA
NOY
Bust of the king r., helmeted; diadem tied round the (sic)
^•65
37-8
M-65
tradatasa
Apulaphanasa). Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r. hulling thunderbolt.
helmet.
36-3
{Maharajasa
7
to
1.,
0''
»
;
to
r.,
),
J)
^
.
n
[PI.
[!•
xm.
1.]
O- C.]
AETEMIDOEUS. (o)
BAZIAEnZ
1.,
how,
and with r., draws arrow from quiver at her back.
M-8
square,.
ANI-
KH[ToYAP]TEMIArtemis, AilPOY facing; holds in
Bronze;
y
*1 "nvp^^ti
7
{Maharajasa
apadihatasa Artemidorasa).
Humped
below,
^
bull
.
r.
[PI. XIII. 2.]
ANTIMACHUS
No.
IX.,
NICEPHORUS.
55
56
No.
GREEK AND BCTTHIC KINGS OP BAC'TRIA AND INDIA.
.
.
67
PHILOXENUS.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Eeverae.
(y)
Bronze; square.
BAZIAEnZ ANIKH T^f^^/j-p Sim-god, facing, radiate,
-P
-
--
-,•,
;
'
.
•,
*
-^
"n"
apadihatasa Jrmla*sinasa). holds wreath and palm. ;
-
clad in chiton, himation, and boots; holds in 1.
hand long sceptre
^
T:^^.<n>V (,-,
JNike
r.
r.
extended.
10
^•8
to
r.,
A
;Same ihscr. City 1. ; in Same L hand cornucopiae ; r. extended.
11
^•85
12
^•8
13
tol.,
II
lOl
[PI. xiii. 9.]
101
Indian bull
inscr.
below,
Z.
„
1.
[I.O. C.
U 15
[I.
M-8 mon.
16
17
M-8
„
* Sometimes
z.
lu for la.
0.
r.
PI. XIII. 10.]
C]
;
GEEEK AND
58
No.
Wt.
SCYTIIIO KINGS OP BA.GTRIA
AND
INDIA.
Metal, r Size.
Obverse.
Reverse.
1
NICIAS. (a)
BACIAEUJC CUJTHPaC NIKIOY Head of the king
r.,
diad.
Bronze; square.
(or
YA"^'N/«^) T^'H'Vfu'']
{Maharajasa or Maharayasa
tra-
datasa Nikiasa). King, diad. and wearing chlamys, on horseback r. horse prancing.
^•8
[PI. XIII. 11.]
BAzrAEnz znTH T7%-9 POZ NIKIOY Similar head.
/E-9
y^^x y^^^^
{Maharajasa tradatasa Nikiasa). Dolphin twined round anchor.
[PI. XIII.
12.]
..
59
HIPPOSTRATUS.
No.
Metal.
Wt.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
HIPPOSTEATUS. (a) Silver; type, City.
BAZIAEnZ znxH- T*l^\T7'n~v-Âť (Maharajasa PnZ mnaZTPAfl'Z /?'/' tradatasa Hipa-
TDY 1'.,
UG
^1-1
147-7
^1-15
Bust of the king
City 1., wearing modius ; holds in 1. hand, cornueopiae ; r. advanced. stratasd).
diad.
to
(/3)
BAZIAEHZ
AdY
Silver
;
1.,
type.
^
;
to
King mi
[Pi. XIV, 1.]
7.
,
horseback.
T^^\
MErA- T"i.~w
ZHTHPdZ mnnZTPATDY
r.,
T7"-:~^
(^Maharajasa tradatasa mahdtasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa). Kin diad. and helmeted, wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse
Bust of the king r., diad.
prancing.
139-5
^1-2
below, 1^.
147-
.fll-1
to
1.,
V
;
to
r.,
@
;
below, Tl [PI. XIV. 2.]
144-
411-05 0.
[I.
34-6
M-lb
to
1.,
V
;
to
r.,
@
;
C]
Jr
below,
[PI. XIV. 3.]
Similar.
Similai, horse walking. to
143-2
1.,
V
;
to
r.,
@
;
below, 2*. [PI. XIV. 4.]
144-8
M\Ob
143-
Ml-l
1>
))
!)
J>
>!
)J
y [I.
0.
C]
60
No.
GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
BAZIAEnZ ZHTH- T"i.A^ T"i"i\ r^i'^^ PdZ mnnZTPA'y^^h'P {Mdharajasa TQY Bust of the king tradatasei,jayam,tasa Hipastratasa).
diad.
r.,
King, diad. and helmeted, wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse prancing.
10
143-
iRM5 (y)
PI. XIV. 5.]
[I.O. C.
below,
Bronze; sguare.
BAZIAEnZ znTHpoz
TOY his
mnozTPA-
{Mdharajasa tradatasa Hipastra-
Triton,
tasa).
facing,
body ending in
fish's
1.
City 1., turreted ; holds in hand, palm ; r. advanced.
; holds dolphin and rudder.
tails
11
12 13
^1-05
to
^1 ^1
1.,
^
to
;
tJ
t>
ti
n
)>
tt
7.
r.,
it
n
[I.O.C.
Same inscr. Apollo r.,
clad in chlamys ; holds arrow"
in both hands at shoulder.
14
inscr,
meted, throne taenia
^•85
16 17
; ;
inscr.
tol.,
^
Tripod.
quiver
^•9
Same
15
;
Same
Pallas, hel-
seated 1. holds in in 1 , spear.
on r.,
tor.,
;
7-
[PI. XIV. 7.]
T^.A7 T^"l\ TV"T^^ r'l^A'/'
{Mdharajasa
tradatasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa).
Horse
1.,
in square of fdlet-pattem.
tol.,
[1.0, C.
^•85
PI. XIV. 6.]
PL
XIV. 8.]
61
AMYNTAS.
No.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
AMYNTAS. (a) Silver ; type, Pallas.
BAZIAEnZ NIKA- 7-,vk7 T"i?a^ T^^.'v^v TOPOZ AMYNTOY (Maharajasa jayadharasa AmiBust of the king r., diad., helmeted.
Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis; and with t hurling tasa).
thuaderbolt.
127-2
^1-
[PI. XIV. 9.]
tol.,
(/3)
BAZIAEflS
Silver
NIKA-
TOPOZ AMYNTOY Bust of the king
r.,
;
type, Zeus.
T"iv7 T1?A:i
T::i"l.~v
{Mahiiraja&a jayadharasa AmiZeus seated I. on throne; tasa). in r. hand, Nike ; in 1., palm and
diad.
sceptre.
33-4
^•65
tol.,
OS.
36-2
^•65
tor.,
„
[I.
0. C.
PI. XIV. 10.]
(y) Bronze; square.
BAZIAEI2Z
NIKA-
TOPOZ AMYNTOY
{Maharajasa jayadharasa AmiPaUas standing 1., her r. tasa). hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield.
Bearded bust r., radiate, in Phrygian cap; sceptre over shoulder.
to
JI-8
1.,
„
Efl.
[1.0. C.
PI. XIV. 11.]
62
No.
GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
HBRMAEUS.
No.
63
64
No.
GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND
Metal.
Wt.
Obverse.
Size.
(;8)
INDIA.
Beverse,
Bronze;
with portrait.
rovlrfd;.
BAZIAEXir ZHTH-
PaZ EPMAIDY Bust of the king
(J^aharajasa tradatasa HeramaZeus, laur., seated 1. on throne with back ; bis r. hand advanced ; in his 1., sceptre.
i.,
yasa).
diad.
;25
^95
126
to
1.,
^;
to
r.,
5
,
uncertain Indian letter. [1.0. C. PL IV. 6.]
„
„
^•95
,,
„
„ uncertain Indian letter.
>8
^85
„
„
„
29
^•95
„
„
„ uncertain Indian letter.
30
iB-9
„
„
„
^•95
i>
II
))
»
»
)i
)i
»
)>
»
»
"•
I)
n
)i
n
,
I
[27 i
T.
M'.
[I. 0.
G.]
[I.
0.
C]
[1.
0.
C]
•
I
i
32
^1-05
33
J&\-
34
^•95
35
^•95
>>
>i
i>
V.
36
MX-
„
„
„
<7.
i
37
»J
K™
f>J J
1J
HEBMAEUS.
No.
6.5
.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
66
Metal.
No.
Wt.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(S)
Bronze; square; without portrait.
BAZIAEnZ ZilTHPOZ EPMAIOY Bearded male bust r., radiate, wearing Phry-
{Mdharajasa tradatasa HeramaHorse r., trotting. s).
gian cap.
51
below,
M
„
^
„
„
.
52 53
54
M-75
55
M-1h
[T.
[I.
0. C.
0.
C]
PI. XV. 8.]
HEEMAEUS AND CALLIOPE, (a) Silver.
BAZIAEflZ ZflTHPOZ EPMAIOY KAI
KAAAlonHZ jugate
r.
of the
Queen, both diad.
36-2
^•65
33-2
^•6
Busts
King and
A\.hA*^Ji
{Maharajasa
tradatasa Heramayasa Kaliyapaya). King, helmeted and diad., r. on horseback ; horse prancing, bow and lance on his back.
below, E^l.
„
„
[PI. XV. 9.]
[LO.
C.
PI. XV. 10.]
RANJABALA.
No.
67
.
68
No.
GHEEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Eevorse.
MAUES. (a)
Head
Bronze ; round ; Greek legend only.
of elephant
r.
;
bell
BAZIAEflZ
Caduceus.
MAYOY
round neck.
^1-15
tol., rtt.
[I.
0. C.
PL
XVI. 1.]
^1-15
(j8)
Silver
;
type, Zeus.
BAZIAEHZ
BAZI(^Bajadi. AEHN MEFAAOY r"l'^^T:i!"ll:j^ rajasa /y mahatasa MAYOY Zeus stand- Moasa). Nike holds \
ing r. .
151-
and palm bound with
to
(y)
Bronze; round;
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MErA[AOY [MAYOY?] on
horseback over shoulder couched.
to
fillet.
long sceptre.
^115
M\-2
wieath
r. ;
clad in himation; hand extended; in 1., 1.,
r.,
(^
King r. whip
;
;
lance
r.,
type,
[PI. xvj. 2.]
King mi
horseback.
{Rajadirajma mahatasa Moasa). Female figure, facing, diad. holds ;
in r. hand, patera, containing oflferings ; 1. rests on wheel ; on head, turreted crown. (Tyche).
toL, vc;.
[PI. XVI. 3.]
..
69
MAUES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(S)
Bronze
round ; other
;
baziaehz baziaehn mepaaoy
"7
MAYOY
-
Artemis ninnmg r., radiate, with veil iloatiag round her
head 5
^1-
6
iEl-
7
^1-
;
clad
in
typhs.
7y
Moasa).
rajasa mahatasa
Indian
humped huU
1.
short
chiton and "boots. to
1.,
A
â&#x20AC;&#x17E;
rÂŤ
[PI. XVI. 4.]
Same
Horakles, Sanie inscr. inscr. facing; holds in I, cluh and lion's skin.
^1-05
to
(e)
Bronze ; square ;
1.,
Maneless lion
rW
type,
[PI. XVI. 5.]
King on
horseiaek.
BAZIAEnZ BAZI- T"T^^T^"ll^"l AEflN MEfAAOY "y 7W rajasa MAYOY King r. on horsehack shoulder; vanced.
;
r.
whip over hand ad-
1.
(Bajadi.
mahatasa Pallas r., her garment Moasa). flying ; holds in 1. hand, spear and shield; r. extended; before her, altar.
M-^
tor.,
Same
inscr.
horsehack
;
M'C,.
King r. on Same inscr. whip over and palm.
[PI. XVI. 6.]
Mke
1. ;
holds wreath
shoulder; lance couched.
10
Ml-
tol.,
[PI. XVI. 7.]
;;
.
70
No.
.
GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Bererse.
(Q Bronze ; square ;
BAZIAEnZ AEilN
MAYOY female holds
other types.
BAZI-
MEfAAoY
{Rajadirajasa mahatasa Moasa). Nike 1. ; holds wreath and palm.
Draped
figure
facing,
sceptre
trans-
versely ; on her head, crescent ; and on either
A
side, star.
11
M-95
to
Same
Zeus, laur., throne
inscr.
seated 1. holds in tre;
r.
on 1.
hand
scep-
extended towards
Same
13
M-9
1.
inscr.
on throne
Zeus, seated ; holds in r.
hand Nike, who carries wreath and pahn; before him,
forepart
phant
U
figure, facing,
who seems
A
tol.
Same
Female
inscr.
wearing turreted crown and holding long sceptre ; holds out in r. hand her veil. (Tyche).
female to be an emhodiment of the thunderbolt. figure,
M,l-
[PI. XVI. 8.J
winged
small
12
-p
1.,
r.,
of
with
T
[PL
XVI. 9.]
Same inscr.
Herakles, facing ; holds hand, club and lion's skin; with r., crowns himself ? in
1.
ele-
trunk
raised.
Ml-l Same
Poseidon himation ; on hip ; in
inscr.
clad
hand
in
trident;
r.
1.,
r. 1.,
M-95
16
JE-9
inscr. Female figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing; stands
between two vines.
A tol.,f
(Poseidon raises to
r.,
hpi
(Maenad ?).
foot placed on
shoulder of a river-god.
15
Same
r.
hand)
[I.
0. C.
[I.
0.
PI. XVII. 1.]
C]
;
.
.
.
MAUES.
No.
Wt.
71
Metal.
ObverBO.
Size.
Reverse.
BAZIAEflZ BAZIAEflN MErAAOY
MAYOY
striding
1.
,
(Rajadirajasa mahaiasa Moasa). figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing ; stands between
Poseidon hurling thnn-
Female
derbolt to r., and holding in left hand aplustre; heside him, rivergod, leaping up.
17
M-9
two
tol.,
Same
inscr.
Male
figure
chlamys flying behind; holds club and 1.,
(Maenad
vines.
[I.
O.C.
?).
PI. XVII. 2.]
Same inscr. Female figure r., lum flying ; holds long fillet.
pep-
trident.
18
^1-1
19
^1-05
to
1.,
^
tor., S'C;.
Same inscr. Female 1. ;
in
r. 1.,
figure
figure, facing; clad in himation; r. hand on hip; Wears (Hermes?). petasus,
cornucopiae.
M-9
A to
1.,
Same inscr. Elephant run- Same
M-9
22
M-9
23
M-9
24
M-85
J25
Ml-05
King, facing, seated on cushion ; sword
inscr.
cross-legged
fillet-pattern.
pattem.
on his knees
to
in square of fiUet-
T^.
Same
inscr.
to
1^
r.,
:
[PI. XVII. 5.]
r.,
â&#x20AC;&#x17E;
Similar.
[PI. XVII. 4.]
T^
ning r., holds in trunk, in square of wreath :
21
Pl.XTii. 3.]
Same inscr. Male
hand advanced
(Tyche?).
20
O.C.
[I.
Indian
humped buU
[PI. XVII. 6.]
r.
.
72
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEnZ MAYOY Apollo 1. ; holds in r. hand arrow ; in 1., how.
26
^•6
27
^•55
to
1.,
,.
Same
Reverse.
yiV
TIi!*T^'-' {Maharajasa Moasa). Tripod, in square of dots.
M
[PI. ivii. 7.]
M,
inscr.
Horse
Same
inscr.
trotting.
28
iE-8
toi.rtt.
Bow
in case.
.
.
;
73
AZ£B.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
AZES. (a) Silver; type, Zeus.
Y^^^w
BAZIAEHZ
BAZI- T^.'v..^ y:j-i:j^ {Mahaxajasa "FA 7 The king r., rajarajasa mahdtasa Ayasa). Zeus
AEHN MEPAAOY AZOY on
horseback
;
holds
lance, couched.
146-5
145-7
^1-1
radiate
1.,
long sceptre.
below, 'Y-
to
Similar.
Same
1.,
(g)
;
r.
;
to
r.,
V
.
^1-05
140-6
^1-1
35-5
1.,
K
;
to
„1;
below, b
^-65
to
r.,
5
I.,
K;
7.
„
to
r.,
37-9
^7
35-
iR-65
below,
M'
[I.
PI. XVII. 9.]
O.C]
J. O.C. PL
[I.
Similar.
in
[PI. XVII. 8.]
[I.O.C. 150-3
;
Zeus, facing, laur. inscr. holds winged thunderbolt and long sceptre.
to
.R115
hand advanced
1.,
XVII. 10.]
Same
Zeus, facing, laur. ; inscr. hurls with r., thunderbolt ; and holds in 1., long sceptre.
to
1.,
))
^j it
tpr.,
JJ
7.
»J
[Pl.xvu.ll.]
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA.
74
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
BAZIAEnZ
BAZI-
AEHN MEfAAbY AZOV
on
The king
horseback whip.
128
^-95
below, T'
146-7
^1-1
to
r,,
'V
.
10
140
^1-1
„
t.
11
136-8
^1-
„
^.
;
*r
r.,
holds
A7
(Maharajasa
rajarajasa malidtasaAyasa). Zeus 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike ; in 1., long sceptre.
tol.,
^;
tor., *1.
if
J»
)»
M
ft
)J
•
I
JJ
[I.O.C. PI. XVII. 12.] 12
142-3
^•95
13
149
^1-1
U
136
^•9
„
T.
.,
15
150-4
^•9
„
^.
>>
»
)}
j>
jj
J)
Jl
}>
»
,,
)f(
i>
16
128-7
M-95
„
1.
17
148-7
M-25
„
^•
18
149
M-9
„
T.
19
147-71
M-95
20
147
M-95
„
'y.
9>
#;
;
if
J>
„
K.
))
„ mon.
L-'^.
o. C.J
[I.
0.
C]
AZES.
No.
75
..
76
No.
GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
BAZIAEnZ
BAZI- T"i.~v-' T:^*n:i"i t:^"i~'>^ (Maharajasa r 7 The king r.,
AEHN MEFAAOY AZOV
on
horseback whip.
35
31
36
36-4
/R-65 tor., N'.
»
T.
37
36-2
^•6
„
?•
38
372 M-e
„
X.
39
32-9
M-6
„
\.
„
T.
M-G
40
35-8
41
30-2 JR-5
42
31
M-55
;
A
rajarajasa mahatasaAyasa). Zeus 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike; in 1., long sceptre.
holds
to
I.,
I'
"
"
^; "
)>
>>
tor.,
m
*!>.
>i
i>
„
A
"1,
»
»
))
..
o
„
„
„
7.
>)
A M
>(
[I.O.C.]
7 43
44
45
46
47
48
33
28-7
22 6
35-3
35-2
37-2!
M-6 JRQ
M-6
M
6
M
6
M-6
„
^.
»
11
I,
li
n
„
r.
"
»
»
»
jj
,,
>^.
"
"
)i
JJ
»
„
^.
"
»
j>
))
z
„
^.
»
J)
JJ
ji
ff
"
ij
JJ
«
J,
•
[I.
O.C]
..
77
AZES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEflZ
BAZI-
AEnN MEFAAOY AZOV
The king
on
horseback whip.
49
32-
^•55
50
34-8
^•55
51
35-5
^55
52
34-3
^55
53
27-5
^•6
54
32-
^•6
to
r.,
A
»
M'.
;
r.,
holds
"K
tol.,
uncertain
letter.
A7
^-
tor.,
7
?,
n
>>
J)
»
)J
»
€.
>J
»
)»
)»
^.
„
„^
(Mdharajasa
rajarajasa mahaiasaAyasa). Zeus 1.; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Xike; in 1., long sceptre.
))
»J
)l
[1.0.
C]
J»
[Most of the above coins are of base metal and very rude In nos. 16 and 46 the
execution.
{j3)
BAZIAEnZ
inscr. reads rajadirajasa\.
Silver; type, Poseidon.
BAZI-
AEnN MEFAAOY AZOY
horseback
55
138-
^•95
to
r.,
^
King ;
r.,
on
holds whip.
r
A/
{Mdharajasa
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasd). Poseidon r. ; holds in 1. hand, trident.
to-l.,
1^;
to
r.,
'^
.
[PI. XVIII. 1.]
78
No.
QBEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.
AZSS.
...
79
80
No.
GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA.
AZES.
No.
81
.
82
No.
GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEIIZ
Reverse.
BAZI-
AEHN MErAAQY on AZdV King
T^7
r.,
horseback
105
37-6
M-G'
106
36-7
M-Q5
107
108
35-6
28-5
to
r.,
„
*+I
tol.,
.
7-
M-Q5
M-6
,,
uncertain
letter.
S;
tor., l¥l.
)J
»
)»
JJ
"
JJ
J7
)»
„
S;
(S) Silver; type.
BAZIAEnZ AZOY
King ;
Ml-05
110 143'
Ml-
111
34 '3
M-7
to
r.,
5
[I.
0.
C]
City?
BAZIr.,
r
on
A7
{Maharajasa
rajarajasa mahaiasa Ayasa). A City? 1.; holds in r. hand, object resembling a brazier ; in 1., palm
holds lance,
bound with
109 136-5
[PI. XVIII. 9.]
^.
„
AEflN MEPAAOY horseback couchsd.
(Maharajasa
rajarajasa mahatasd Ayasa). Pallas r. ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield.
holds whip.
;
to
1.,
|tol.,
^;
fillet.
tor., >J7.
/^ 77;
tor.,
5.
[PI. xviii. 10.]
[PI XVIII. 11.]
AZES.
No.
83
84
No.
GUBBK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
85
AZES.
wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZlAEnZ BAZIAEflN MEfAAoY Hermes AZOY
"FA 7
1.,
wears chlamys advanced ; in
iE-75
to
1.,
Same
MK
hand
r.
;
cadu-
1.,
to
•
Lion
inscr.
1.,
^
to
;
^
r.,
.
[PI. XIX. 3.]
Similar.
r.
M-75 ^•65
(Maharajasa
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Demeter? standing 1., wears modius ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., comucopiae.
tol.,
ahove,
„
1^;
tor.,
„
„
^. "^.
€
[PI. XIX. 4.]
O ?.
^•65 (ff)
Bronze
;
type,
male
BAZIBAZIAEIiZ AEI2N MEfAAuY
AZdY
Female
deity.
"FA 7
deity,
{Maharajasa
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa).
clad in himation ; holds in raised r. hand, flower ; stands on lotus j beside her, lion 1 facing,
Humped
bull
r.
(Lakshmi V).
Ml-
to
1.,^-
to
(t)
BAZIAEnZ
Bronze
r.,
5
types, lion
;
dian bull
^X.
above,
Humped
r
In,
r.
and hdl.
BAZI-
AEHN MEPAAnY AZdY
[PI. XIX. 5.]
.
A7
(Maharajasa
rajadirajqsa mahatasa Ayasa).
Lion above,
r.
4^
.
V
86
No.
GBEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND" INDIA.
J
.
.
87
AZES.
No.
wt.
Metal.
Eeyerse.
Obverse.
Size.
(k)
BAZIAEXIZ
Bronze
;
types, elephant
Elephant
r.
Ml-
158
iE-95
>i
159
Ml-
„
160
Ml-05
above,
A7
"F
(Maharajasa
rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayasa).
Humped 157
bull.
BAZI-
AEHN MErAAuY AZdY
and
A
bull
r.
above, uncertain letter.
It
rn.
!!
/R
7
JJ
5)
13
(inscr. rajarajasa).
•
>)
[I.O.C. PI. XIX.
^ m
161
Ml-
162
Ml-
„
7.
3j
»)
163
M-95
>>
)>
„
^
164
Ml-l
„
r*i
jj
»)
165
Ml-05
„
166
^1-05
„
„ /fv
167
^ro5
168
Ji:i-05
169
^•75
!i
7.]
(inscr. rajarajasa).
•
[I.O.C.]
n
7.
jj
7.
(inscriptions obscure).
[I.
0.
C]
[In several of the 'above coins the king's name appears as
AOZY AOZZY AZOY ,
,
,
is
and
misspelt, so forth.
and
88
rNo.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.
AZES.
No.
.
90
No.
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINOS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
BAZIAEnZ
BAzr-
AEHN MEfAAOY AZOV
Elephant
A7
{Maliarqjasu r rajarajasa maliatasa Ayasa).
r.
Humped 188
Ml-l
7.
above,
tor.,
BAZIAEnZ MEPAAOY AZOV Elephant
TA7 y^'^^ T^^'^^ mdhatasa Ayasa).
{Maliarajasa
Humped
r.
bull
r.
*[P1. XTX. 12.]
BAZIAEnZB]AZIAE
nNMErAAoYAE[ Lion
^â&#x20AC;˘65
r.
VK.
M-i5
190
bull
above,
^^~^
TA7 {Maharaja
Ayasa).
Humped buU
r.
"V
n
above,
(o)
King
Corrupt legend
on horseback
Billon
;
;
r.,
1.
[L 0.
,
C]
semi-harbarous coinage.
TT'M'^
T*n~^ T^^^v^
TA7
holds in
hand ankus(?); before -* him, symbol
T::!^^^:^^
{Maharajasa maliatasa dhrami-
r.
Y
Icasa rajadirajasa
Ayasa).
City
and clad in chiton and peplum r. hand advanced
1.,
turreted,
;
in
191 14.54 '^-85
192 141-
^8
193 142-2
^-8
to
*
On most
1.,
of these coins there is
in the obverse field
1.,
;,
cornucopiae.
5;
tor.,
^.
[PI.
XX. 1.]
an appearance of various Indian letters which are not hero inserted, it being doubtfnl whether
they are not mere blunders.
91
AZTSS.
No.
Metal. \Vt.
EeTcrse.
Obverse.
Size.
King
Corrupt legend.
on horseback r.
hand ankus (?)
him, symbol
r.,
holds in
;
3;
TT'M'? Y*i~'-' t;::^*!'^'-' ta; T::i^^^"i {Maharajasa mahatasa dhrami-
before
;
City
Icasa rajadirajasa Aijasa).
.
and clad in chiton and peplum j r. hand advanced
1.,
turieted,
;
in
194 145-9
^85
195 131-5
^•8
196 148-2
^•85
197 144-
^•75
198 148-5
^-85
199 142-8
^•8
to
1.,
y
BAZIAEHZ
Billon
;
icith
to
r.,
r.,
;
beneath,
^.
sa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r., armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1. spear and shield ; behind,
y^.
,
to
r.,
and
AJA; to
y 1.,
uncertain
1..
202 150-9
,
T.
203 156-9
,
>l.
,
T.
'205 148-3
206 130-5
letter.
[PI. XX. 2.1
201 140-3
204 146-8
C]
iiame of Anpavanna.
star
tor.,
0.
(Indravarma putrasa Aspavarma-
horseback; holds ankus; behind him, bow on saddle
[T.
BAZI-
AEHN MEfAADY on AZnY King
85
;
f.
(it)
200 157-3
comucopiae.
1.,
J
J)
.
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.
92
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEnZ
BAZI
AEHN MEfAADY on AZdY King r.,
(Indravarma putrasa Aspavarma-
horseback; tiolds ankus; behind him, bow on saddle
;
sa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r., armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield ; behind,
beneath, H^
star
207
157-2
^85
208 159-4
^9
209 150-
^•85
210 155-7
^•8
211 149-
M-8
to
r.,
S^
and v.
tor, /^;
.
»J
tol., C;.
J>
C]
)5
)>
„ uncertain
[I. 0.
letter.
AZES AND AZILISES. (a)
Silver.
BAZIAEHZ HMrAAOY AZAIZOY .
The king
.
on horseback j Jiolds bow.
31-7 Al-6
in front, \J
r
r.,
.
A/
(Maharajasa
[raiaraja']sa
maliatasa Ayatia). Zeus standing 1., diad. ; holds Nike and long sceptre.
tol.,
>M;
tor.,
7. [I.
0. C.
PI. XX. 3.]
.
;;
.
;
93
AZILISES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
AZILISES. (a) Sillier; type, Zeus.
BAZIBAZIAEIIZ AEIIN MErAAOY The AZIAIZOY king in
r.
TT A 7
r., on horseback hand, ankus ; bow
Zeus
to
to
r.,
(/8)
BAZIAEnZ r.,
;
saddle.
yR105
150-4
A
33-3
to
1-05
r.,
„
1.,
A
to
;
(?)
r.,
wearing himation and long sceptre.
7
[PI. XX. 4.]
•
BAZI-
on horseback bow on holds ankus
146-2
diad.,
Silver ; type, Dioscuri.
AEXIN MEPAAOY The AZIAIZOY
king
r.,
holds wreath
on saddle.
U8-5 Ml-05
(Maharajasa
**1
rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).
TT A 7
{Maharajasa
''I
rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). The Dioscuri, facing; each wears Phrygian cap and chlamys, and holds spear and sword.
^ )t(
;
below,
t?
tol.,
^-65
)»
>;
tor.,
JI
5J
'<3f.
Same
inscr.
XX. 5.]
»J
[LO.
Similar.
[PI.
One
C.
PI. XX. 6.]
of the Dioscuri,
facing, as above, but
bearded and
wearing chiton.
146-8
37-8
^1-1
to
r.,
m.
^-6
to
r.,
I'W
to
1.,
T
.
|tol.j*K.
[PI. XX. 7.j
[PI. XX. 8.]
94
No.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
;.
95
AZILISES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(S)
Bronze ; square
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MEFAAOY AZIAIEOY r.,
on horseback
lance couched.
23
^•9
24
7E-95
tor.,
^
5.
King ;
holds
;
type,
Herakles, diad. naked, seated 1. holds in r. hand club, which rests on knee. ,
tol.,
Same
^ ^. 1)
^85
above,
26
^•75
„
[PI. xxr. 1.]
»»
Elephant
inscr.
25
Similar.
korsehacJe.
(Maharajasa mahatasa A yilishasa)
»
Similar.
King on
^
r.
1$].
„
[I.O.C.
„
PI. XXI. 2.]
T"l~^ T^"l^"l T^"!'^^
TT'HA?
(Maharajasa
rajarajasa maliatasa Ayilishasa).
Humped above,
bull
^ Z
27
M-9
28
iEl-05
29
^E
-95
„
„
30
^1-1
„
iflS'-'.
.
„
r.
[PI. XXI. 3.]
[I.
O.C]
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
96
No.
j
;
.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obyerse.
Size.
BAZI- y^r^yj yvj-i^i-i Y^J^/V/^
BAZIAEnZ
AEHN MEfAAoY
AZIAIZOY on horseback
r.,
TT A 7 **1
King ;
holds
Humped
lance couclied.
31
^1-05
32
M-95
to
33
JE-9
(king to
^
above,
r.,
^P
AZIAIZOY
35
Ml-
36
^•85
(restruck coin).
(1)
standing.
BAZI
rT*nA7
The
advanced.
tor., C;.
(4i
{Maharajasa
rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Nike (?) r., un winged, clad in short chiton, with inflated veil over her head ; holds in r. hand wreath.
king(?) standing r., clad in helmet and cloak holds in L hand, shield
r.,
Ap.
Sronze ; square ; type, King
AEnN MEfAAOY
to
1.
1.)
BAZIAEnZ
34
bull
.
(c)
r.
(Maharajasa
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).
to
1.,
'"K
[PI. XXI. 4.
;
to
r.,
uncertain
letter.
[I.
37
O.
C]
^•95
(X)
Bronze ; square ; other
BAZIAEnZ [BAZIAEHN MErA]AY AZIAIZY facing, self
;
r
Herakles,
crowning him-
holds in
1.
hand
types.
T A7 ''1
{Maharajasa
rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishana). Horse standing r.
club and lion's skin.
38
^9
39
M-9b
tol.,
^.
above,
%.
infield,
S' ^.
j-i.0 C.
Pl.xxi.5.]
.
97
AZ1LISE3.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MEPAA.Y AZIAIZ.Y
TT'^IA?
Male
(Mahamjasa
rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Lion r., looking hack.
facing, clad in himation, head turned to r. ; holds in r. liand, sceptre ; in 1., uncertain figure,
object.
40
^1-05
to
1.,
M
Inscr. obscure.
Elephant 1.
above,
Y.
Inscr.
6bscure
;
(Ayilishasa).
41
.^1-05
to
].,
mon.
PI. xxi. 6.]
[1.0. C.
ends
TT'^IA?
Humped
[I.
0.
hull
C]
1.
.
GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA,
98
No.
;
.,
wt.
Metal.
Beverso.
Obverse.
Size.
SPALAHOKES, WITH VONONES. (a) Silver.
BAZIAEHZ
BAZI-
MErAAOY ONHNOY King AEilN
on
horseback
;
{Maharaja
T^'V'iT'
r.,
hhrata dhrantikasa Spaldliorasq). Zeus, laur., facing, clad in hima^ tion ; holds thunderbolt and long
holds
lance couched.
sceptre.
144-5
Ml-05
37-5
3
37-3
M-7
4
38
M-65
5
37-8
tor.,
S.
to
S
r.,
to
BAZIAEHZ
1.,
PI. XXI. 7.]
T^'V'iT)
ONflNOY with
IB
BAZI{Maharaja dhramikasa Spalaliorasa). Pallas 1., wearing helmet; holds in r. hand, wreath in 1., spear and shield bound with fiUet sword slung round waist.
Herakles, facing ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin;
and
8.]
Bronze; square.
AEHN MErAAOY
r.,
bJirata
crowns
;
himself.
M-8
O.C.
[PL XXI.
(j8)
M'85
[I.
to
1.,
K [PI. XXI. 9.]
.
.
;
SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES.
No.
Metal.
-wt.
99
Obvorae.
Size.
Reverse.
SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES. (a) Silver.
BAZIAEnZ
BAZI-
AEflN MEfAAOY
ONflNOY
King
on
;
horseback lance couched.
36-1
^•65
36-5
M-7
T7vp5 y.\/,
^'vriT* 8palalim-a T«-''l^«i7'
r.,
putrasa
holds
to
1.,
Spalagada-
TO [PI. XXI. 10.]
@.
36-8
36-2
dhramiasa
~masa). Zeus, facing, laur., clad in himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre.
M-65
[T.
{j3)
0.
C]
Bronze; square.
BAZIAEnZ BAZI- T7M'5 y-\fi *TVH7' AEHN MEPAAOY Spalakora T'-'^3'*~17' ONflNOY
club
Herakles, holds in 1. hand, and lion's skin;
and
with
facing
putrasa dhramiasa SpalagadaPaUas 1., wearing helmasa). met ; holds in r. hand, wreath (?)
;
r.,
crowns
in
himself.
1.,
with
spear fillet
;
and shield bound sword slung round
waist.
iE-75
^•8
to
1.,
@ [PI. XXI. 11.]
;
GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTBU AND INDIA.
100
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
SPALAGADAMES, WITH SPALYEIS. Bronze; square.
(a)
EnAAYPInC AIKAI- T;M'f r.\/r ^'VriT. YAAEA<|)nYTaY T'-'^3'rl7» Spalaliora King BACIAEWC r.,
putrasa
on horseback.
dhramiasa
Spalagada-
Herakles, diad., seated 1. on rocks ; holds in r. hand, cluh, which rests on knee. niasa).
M-S5
to
^•85
1.,
„
SPALIRISES
;
[PI. XXI. 12.]
I
El.
AS KING'S BEOTHER. (a) Silver.
BACIAEWC <l>OY
King
AAEA- T7S'5 .'V'Ti* ^^.'^v CnAAIPlCoY Tn'+1'^|7»
r., on horseback holds lance couched.
36-6
M-55
26-7
M-6
{Maharaja dhramiasa Spalirisagd). Zeus, facing, wearing himation holds thunderbolt and long sceptre.
;
hhraha
to
-
*
Or
.\7i
bhratrd.
V. Sallet writes
Bruder wird vou saojikuiidiger
[PI. XXII. 1.]
1.,
(p.
353), die
Form bhrahu
Seite fiir bereohtigt erklart.
fur
.
SPALIEISESJ AS KINO.
No.
Wt.
101
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
SPALIKISES
;
AS KING.
(a) Bronze; square.
BAtlAEWN BACIAeoje:
mefaaqy
T
{Mdliarajasa n^'HT' nidhatakasa Spalirisasa). Zeus, radiate, seated 1. on throne ; r. hand extended ; in 1., sceptre.
CnAAIPICDY King, standing battle-axe
;
I. ;
bow
holds at bis
side.
iE-9
to
r.,
®
.^•9
^95
M
-9
[I.
M-9
„
®.
0. C.
[I.
0.
PI. ixii. 2.]
C]
* Restruck on copper of Vonones with Spalahorea or Spalagadames
Club
of
Herakles seen ou obv.
[7),
(?j.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
102
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
SPALIEISES,
WITH
AZES.
(a) Silv&r.
badaecoe: mefaAOY PnAAIPICOY King
r.,
r
on horseback;
A7
(Maharajasa
mdhdtahasa Ayasd).
Zeus, facing, clad in himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre,
holds lance couched.
laur.,
37-7
M-6
to
37-8
34-5
1.,
ffl
to
;
»
Jl
if
)J
)»
>1
r.,
T 13
»)
[I.
30-9
M-65
ij
J)
)>
.
0. C.
PL [I.
J>
XXII. 3.]
0.
C]
{0) Bronze ; round.
BACIACWC MEFAAOY inAAIPICOY King
r.,
iE-95
T/\/
oA horseback;
holds ankus.
mahdtaJcasa Ayasa). and arrow 1.
above,
®
,
{Maharajasa Strung bow
[PI. XXII. 4.]
;
103
G0ND0PHAEE3.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
RoTerse,
Obverse.
Size.
GONDOPHAEES. Sase
(a)
ailver ; type, Zeus.
BACIAELUIDAELUN
MEfAAl VMAOQPP The king r., on horsearm extended back
(^Maharaja rajadiraja tradata deZeus, vafrata* Oudapliarasa). naked to waist, standing r. ; r. arm extended ; in 1., long sceptre.
;
in front, 2.
.
144 -2
tol.,
#1;
tor., "1
1/.
[LO.C. 136-5
M-d5
BACIAEUJC BACIAEUJN &c.
inscr.
(j8)
BACIAe
„
Base
king, diad.,
142-
^95
143-
iR-9
to
[LO.C]
silver; type, Pallas.
M€rAA»
TNAO<|>EPPO ;
^'.
BACI-
.
A6WN back
„B;., :^
PI. XXII. 5.]
r,,
r.,
The
{Maharaja rajadiraja tradata devatrata Gfudapharasa). Pallas r., armed ; in her 1. ,hand, spear and shield j her r. advanced.
on horse-
3,
to
1.,
^
;
to
w
r.,
[PI. XXII. 6.]
BACIAEWC V qEqV VMAa oEPP
inscr.
Head
Inscr. barbarous.
of the king
r.,
diad.
'^'n"H£^
(MaJiarajasa
mdhatasa Oiidapharasa). r.,
and 37-6
^•45
38-5
^•45
fighting
holds
;
Pallas
thunderbolt
shield.
in field,
2
9-
.
[PI. XXII, 7.]
40-6 * Devatrdta, protected by the Gods.
Cunningham Demliada,
This word has been read by Gen,
as a rendering of ee6Tpoiros.
104
No.
;
;
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal,
Obverse.
Size.
Reverae.
Base
(y)
silver ; type, Siva.
BACIACWC BACIAeWN M€rAAOY VNAO<|>6PPOY The king
1.,
(Maharajasa rajarajasa tradatasa devatratasa Cfudapharasa). Siva, facing ; holds in r. hand, trident in 1., palm.
on horse-
back ; r. hand raised ; behind him, Nike flying 1., holding wreath and
palm; to 146-2
1.,
^
.
M-95
to
1.,
6
;
to
^
r.,
y 137-4
^•95
below, T'
»
»
»
(A
BACIAEUIN BADAEUJM rDl/IAa4]A-
PdY
^•95
below, "^
[I.
))
for
^
146-7
.
.
.
to
1.,
1^
;
to
r.,
mon. O.C.
PI. XXII. 9.]
M-9 (S)
BA' The
Base
silver
Nike.
CIA€ AAOVVNAO<t>
on throne with back on the top of which il il
j
r.
hand
tol.,
* The missing letters look like
t This
coin, as well as
it
some
'*f ;
HM'
tor.,
mita
of those
(for
<|>.
mitra
[PI. XXII. 10.]
?).
which precede
it, is apparently but the nature of the types indiwas intended to pass among the debased silver coins of the
wholly or almost wholly cates ifcat
Nike
holds wreath and palm.
raised.
M-85
period.
type,
;
king, diad., seated
1.
t 12 108-5
C]
{Maharaja rajaraja maliatasa devatrata Gtidapharasd) Siva, facing ; r. extended ; in 1., trident.
[I.
11
O.
in inscr.)
T"i~w rj^^'n ^"l'^^^ TTH^iy "l\79*..
The king r., on horseback; holds ankus in extended r. hand; to
10 145-8
[PI. XXII. 8.]
.
made
of
copper
;
aONDOPHARES.
No.
105
;
Wt.
Metal.
EeTerae.
Obverse.
Size.
(ri)
diad., r.
r.,
hand
Base
silver ; with inser. Sasasa,
The king,
Inscr. corrupt.
on horseback
raised; to
r.,
S.
T^\79
23 U9-8 41'9
below,
h
to
;
r.,
24 1S3-4
^•85
„
25 138-
^•8
„ uncertain
148-
^-8
27 129-5
^•8
28 154-3
^•85
29
134-9 M-9,
»
Y
.
7 h.
l>
tt
letters.
'Y^'Y
(Sasasa).
standing
r. ;
tol.,
Similar.
r.
long sceptre
1.,
Zeus,
;
to L,
uncertain letter; tor.,
»>
O
;
)»
II
j>
I)
^
i
-ii
II
II
II
II
II
II
)i
II
II
II
n^i
to
r.,
J^
?
AjA
A.
7h
A
;
diad.,
hand advanced
below,
II
(obscure),
T7^~w
T'T^v^
(Maharajasa *r'n'H^3* mahatasa devatratasa (devahadasa) Gadqpharaga) ; in ex.,
in
26
;
.
GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
106
No.
.
(obscure).
T'Y'i^.V"! T*y"i~'^
,
T^TH^y rajadirajasa
(Maharajasa Gadajpharasa);
TTT
in ex., (Sasasa). Zeus in extended r. hand.
Mke 30 152-5 41-8
to
r.,
7
,
tol.,
1^;
tor.,
B.
[I.O.C. 31
151-8 41-85
32
150-7 41-8
I.
;i
,1
,1
>>
I!
II
2!
1.;
'
PI. XXII. 13.1 [I.
0.
C]
.
107
ABDAQASES,
No.
Wt.
;
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Keverse.
ABDAGASES. (a)
Copper ; as King.
BACIA€WC CWTHPOC A[BAAr]ACoV Bust of the king r.,
(Tradatasa maharajasd AvadagaNike r., holding wreath and palm.
diad.
sasa).
iE-85
[PI. XXIII. 1.]
M-i5
to
1.,
uncertain letters,
M-9
M-9
BACIA6YC
(inscr.
CWTHP....)(fi)
BasesilvBf; as King's
BASIAEYaNTnS BA^IAEWNr AB(The AAPA^QY BA of Abdagases' name
iiepkev).
Tni'<;77 Y^iCX (^Gadapharabhradaputrasa mahatajasa tradatasa Avadagasasa)i Zeus, standing r. holds sceptre r. hand advanced.
read sometimes as the
:
first letters
of
EYdNTdS ter
BASIA;
the
which foUows
5IAEflN
is
let-
BA-
uncertain
[lorS?]). The king 1., on horseback ; iii front,
150-
M-85
155-5
M-9
toL, ?.
to
1.,
V^
;
to
r.,
T
Zr
[PI. XXIII. 2.]
7 il501 Jl-85
„
„
)*
)j
II
I'
II
"
1U6
No.
GREEK AKD BCiii
ST =..oii.^d
AND
INDIA.
;
109
ORTHAGNES.
Metal.
No.
Wt.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
OETHAGJSTES. (a)
BACIA6VC
BACI-
M€rAC oPGArNHC Bust AeU)N
of the king
Bronze.
1.,
."l^T
T"i~^
^V^:S
{Maharajasa rajadirajasa makatasa Gudaphara sagaba ?).* Nike r. holds wreath and palm.
diad.
.
wears torquis.
;
^9
tol.,
^
^;
tor., >F, [PI. XXIII. 9.]
Ml 05
i>
»)
11
„
V
^•95
M-9
„
;
(last letter of
„
inscr. absent).
M-9 ^1-05
jj
inscr.
B
ends
OPOAFN
.
MerAAOY oPGArNoY
to
1.,
)»
uncertain letter
Illegible inscr.
J>
))
SI
yy
;
to
r.,
J
.
Similar type.
Similar.
^•95
tol.,
H';
tor., ^-'.
Gen. Otmningham's reading sagaba he supposes to stand for On no. 2 of the British Musenm coins there is another letter at the end, which looks like Q^ (rea or da), but which may be a badly
* This
sagarbha,
formed
is
'
brother.'
f.
:
;
.
110
No.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINOS OP BAOTHIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
PACOEES. (a) Bronze.
BACIAGYC
BACI-
A6WN
M€rAC
DAKOPHC
T^Jr/y TS^*-*
Bust of
the king I., -wears quis ; behind, star.
(Maha-
rajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Pa-
tor-
Nike
Icurasa).
1. ;
holding wreath
and palm.
^•95
to
1.,
uncertain letter
to
;
r,,
lA,
[PI. xxiii. 8.]
^-85
I
11
1
^1-
„
uncertain letter
Ml-
»
t;
„
uncertain letter
MlM-9
ZElOJSriSES. (a) Silver
CATPAPY Z€
.
.
whip
139-4
Ml-05 Ml-05
beneath,
r.,
in
;
bow
;
saddle
157-6
The king
I/IDOY
horseback
;
to
n
r.
on
type.
(^Mani'i\giblasa chhatrapasa putrasa chhatrapasa Jihuniasa). King r., facing a City who wears mural crown, and holds wreath and cornucopiae.
to letters.
T-i^c
TA\Y
T7-921I
to
.
horseback.
y\^ yh\y
%?
„ / and other
King on
hand
tied
r.,
*^
;
1
..
,
^ ..
-,
to
r.,
.,
Tj ,,
.
[PI. xxiii. 4.] [I.
0.
C]
..
;
Ill
ZEIONISES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Keverse.
Obverse,
Size.
(|3)
Bronze ;
types, lion
and
hull.
]AOYYIYCATPAn[ Humped
^1-
to
r.,
IduII
r. ;
above,
{[Mani^* gulaputrasa chhatrapasa Lion r. Jihuniasd).
T
to
1.,
4\
;
to
3
r.,
below,
;
2
[PI. xxiii. 5.]
Ml-
I>
?.
J>
>>
UXCEETAIN KINGS, Bronze; square.
(a)
Greek
Illegible
King
r.,
and
sometimes is
the
;
{chhatrapasa)
%
Lion
visible.
visible.
inscription
P\/[ T*\iA (pufrasa)
words
;
PA n and XAPANIU
Indian
inscrip- Illegible
in which sometimes the word CAT-
tion
sometimes
r.
on horseback
lance couched.
1
^1-
2
^1-
3
^1-
4
^•85
J)
5
iK'8
)i
6
^8
to
r.,
above, iT
ll
))
„
T.
»
* Or mahigulasa. Zeioniaes.
mens
This
is
r.,
X ?)
„
„
3j
ff
a
))
n
7*
.
[PI. XXIII. 6.]
is
[L 0.
C]
)1
supposed to give us the name
The word Jihuniasa
in bronze.
to
J)
J)
o
;
of the father of
not clear on any British
Museum
speci-
GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS Or BACTRIA AND INDIA.
112
No.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
(0) Bronze; round.
M-^ 8
15
16
;
SANABARES.
No.
Wt.
113
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
SANABAEES. (a) Silver.
Bust of the king
1., wearing tiara of late Parthian form, and torquis;
BACIAEYC MErAC CANABA King dressed
behind, A^ 11 (ath).
58-5
^•75
in Parthian style,
on throne with back holds bow. seated
in front,
r.
7\
above,
;
FIT.
[PI. xxrii. 10.]
(j8)
Head
of the king
1.,
Bronze diad.
;
Parthian
seated
M-eb
CANABAPHC
BAEIIAE
Inscr. (?)
class.
on
r.
stool
;
[PL
in front, Fl.
King
holds bow.
xxiii. 11.]
.^•65
A
^6
n.
(y) Bronze
BAZIA6YZ rupt). 1.,
^•85
.
.
.
?
(cor-
Bust of the king
wearing
;
Baetrian
(barbarous).
class.
EANAKAPOY holds wreath.
tiara.
[PI. XXIII. 12.]
Nike
r.,
114
No.
GBEEE AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND
INDIA.
BASILEUS SOTER MEGAS.
No.
115
GEBEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
116
No.
Wt.
Metal.
ObTsrse.
Size.
Keverse.
Bust of the king to
r.,
diad. j
r.,
'^'.
]BACrA[€WN]CaJTHPM[ Zeus, standing 1. ; holds in thunderbolt over altar; in
r.
hand,
1.,
scep-
tre.
23
M-7
U
M-1
25
M-1
(inscr.
.
.
.
Bust of the king 1., wearing crested helmet ; in r. hand, lance lillet :
BACIAEYWM
).
[PI. XXIV. 5.]
BACIA€V BACIA€VW[N CjvuTHP M€rAC
horseback
r.,
King on
holding ankus
;
to
border.
26
^95
27
^95
to
1.,
>j
-^
)>
;
to
r.,
"^
))
,
[I.
?)
0. C.
PI. XXIV. 6.]
HEEAtJS (EEAtJS). (a) Silver,
Bust of the king
r.,
diad.
fillet-border.
TY/ANNdYNTdC H/AnY ZAM A Md/ZANqY* The king
r.,
quiver ]S"ike r.,
184 '4
^1-2
in field * As
r.,
on horseback; bow and to saddle; Jbehind, crowning him.
tied
B
.
[PI. xxiv. 7.]
to this legend, sec Introduction.
HYECODBS.
No.
117
118
No.
GEBEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.
UNCERTAIN KINGS.
No.
119
120
No.
GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal. Size.
Reverse.
Obverse.
HEEMAEUS AND KADPHI8ES (a)
M-9
M
9
10
Copper
;
type of
rev.,
Herdkles.
I.
HERMAEUS AND KADPHISBS.
...
121
.
122
No.
;
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse,
KADPHISES (a)
r.,
Copper ; type, Herahles.
Bust of
Inscr. as below.
Hermaeus
I.
diad.
Jcasasa
kushanayavugasa dhra{dhay
mathidasa). Herakles, facing, diad. holds in r. hand, club; in L, lion's skin.
^•95 KaPCNAKoZDVAn-
KAA^ilZaV iE-95
KnznVADKAAcpl-
in field,
5
^85
KDPDMAKDZaVAa
1
y *1
MDKAActllCHOH
h
AAcplZ
[I.
C]
0.
iE-9
^•9
.
[I.
Zav
^9
*1
0. C. PI. xxv.
(inscr. varied).
.
[PI. xxv. 4.J
(inscr. varied),
•
uncertain letter.
)J
ctilZQVKaAL
iE-9
K.ZQYAaKAA ZV
^•85
inscr.
blundered.
it. X.
3.]
[I.
0.
C]
[I.
0.
C]
J>
KADAPHES.
No.
123
124:
Nd.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BiCTRIA AND INDIA,
;;
KADPHISES
No,
Wt.
Metal.
.
125
11.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BACIAEYCOOH MO KAA<1)ICHC
Simi-
king wears diadem, but not helmet. lar,
^£\
T^^^'-''5«'
(Maha.
rajana rajadirajasa, sarvaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa himalmpisasa tradata), last letters obscure. Siva facing, wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds trident in r. hand; behind him bull i to
123-2
y
1.,
^75 Same
Similar.
PI. XXV. 8.]
0. C.
[I.
letters
(last
inscr.
obscure).
Siva facing, head 1. ; holds in r. hand, trident and battle-axe combuied; in 1., gourd j tiger-skin on arm ; hair arranged in spiral 1.
form 120-
;
to
^•7
I.,
Xy
[I.
Same
',
0.
to
r.,
1^
.
C]
Tipper part Similar
inscr.
of the king
emerging from clouds, wears diadem and helmet sur-
mounted
1.,
by
trident
holds in r. hand, clab in 1., elephant-goad ; to [I.
122-
Q. C.
PI. XXV. 9.]
121-2
Same
Tipper part Similar.
inscr.
of the king r., emerging from clouds, wears diadem and helmet sur-
mounted holds in tol.,
121-2 i^-85 122-4
^•8
T?.
by r.
trident
hand, club [I.
0.
C."]
.
,
126
No.
GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND
Wt.
INDIA.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
BACIAEYC00H[ MO Head
KAA<|)ICHC
wearing helmet and diadem; within of king
r.,
square frame.
10
30-5
to
;
1.,
^
;
to
r.,
3^?
[PI. XXV. 10.]
BACIACVC
Silver ; type, king standing.
BACI-
M€rAC
A€(jON
oohMO KAA«I>IChC The king standing
wearing diadem
1.,
and helmet, at altar
to
;
sacrificing
trident
I.,
and axe combined; club and
56-5
bined
W-45
(/8)
11
{Maharaja rajadiraja hima TcapiTrident and battle-axe com-
sasa).
tor.,
^
'n£
Ml
[I.
[This coin, which
is
{Maharajasa rajadira-^
1,
jasa sarvaloga iwara mahisvara Siva himakapisasa tradata). facing; wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds trident in r. hand ; behind, him, bull r.
0. C.
PI. XXV. 11.]
quite genuine, is the only
known specimen
of the class in silver.]
Copper ; type, king standing.
(y)
[Inscription on both sides varied
and incomplete in various
specimens.]
BACIA€VC A€CjON
BACI-
CWTHP OOHMO
M€rAC
KAA<I>ICHC king altar
1., ;
to
1.,
trident
axe combined; to
and
12
13
^M ^M
^.
The
sacrificing
r.,
at
and club
"I
£X
Tn^
^v-»')J.
(^Maha.
rajasa rajadirajasa, sarvaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa himakapisasa tradata). Siva facing, holding trident ; drapery hanging at his
back ; behind him, bull ; to [I.
O. C.
1.,
PI. XXV. 12.]
X^.
.
.
KADPHISES
Wt.
127
II.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
BACIA6VC
BACI-
CCDTHP
Aâ&#x201A;ŹOaN
OOHMO
Mâ&#x201A;ŹrAC
KAA<|)ICHC king altar
;
The
sacrificing
1.,
to
1.,
trident
at
and
axe combined; to r.,club
and
^
.
^1-05
^LXT^^Tj ^'f'
(Maha.
rajasa rajadirajasa, sanaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa Mmakapisasa Siva facing, holding tradata). trident ; drapery hanging at his
back
;
behind him, buU ; to
1.,
l^f
[I.O.C]
^1-1 ^1-1 ^1-05
^1-25
(twice struck).
Ml^1-05
^1-1
M 1-05 ^1-15 Ml-l'o
^1-1
^1-
in inscr. T\~\'2^ betveeen second and third words.
GEEEK ANB SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA,
128
No.
27
28
35
Wt.
Metal. Size.
iE-85
Obverse.
Beverse.
;
129
KANERKES.
No.
Wt.
Metal. Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
KANEEKES. Gold ;
(a)
BACIA6YC
inscription, /Saa-iXivs /Sao-iXeW.
CAAHNH
BACI
A€WN
KANHP-
KOY The king L, wearing helmet and diadem, clad in coat and trousers,
and
cloak, sa-
from
holds in
1.
round waist
^
1.,
;
.
hand, spear.
121-8 j;r-8
[I.
Bronze
(j8)
;
0. C.
PI. XXVI. 1.]
inscription, /SacrtXeis /JatrtXeW.
BACI HAIOC
BACIA€YC
KANHP-
A€(ON
KOY
to
;
flames shoulders
crificing at altar rise
Selene* (male) L, and himation; crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced ; holds in 1. long sceptre, bound with fiUet ; sword girt diad., clad in chiton
The king
as
Helios 1., diad., clad in chiton and himation ; radiate disk
behind head
above. I.
^9
on hip
[I.
j
to
0. C.
;
r.
1.,
hand advanced
tJ
;
•
PI. XXVI. 2.J
M-9
NANAIA
Similar.
Nanaia
r.,
nimbate and
holds in r. hand sceptre ending in forepart of horse ; to diad.
M-9
;
[I.
0. C.
PI. XXVI. 3.]
M-85
M-9 * The figure inscribed
of Selene is identical -with that
MAO
;
it is
which appears on the coin
that of a male moon-deity.
;:
;
130
No.
GEEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
(y)
Gold
;
inscription,
PAONANOPAOKA NhPKIKoPANO The king standing
PAON ANO
A0PO
Bearded deity,
1.,
dem, clad in coat and trousers, and cloak flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in
tion ; in 1., tol.,
fire-god,
1.,
clad in' chiton and himaholds in r. hand, wreath
diad.,
wearing helmet and dia-
&c.
which
rests
on
hip, tongs;
^.
hand elephant-goad over altar ; in his 1., spear ; sword at his r.
Tvaist.
122-8
[PI. XXVI. 4.]
121-9 27-7
Similar.
PI. XXVI. 5.]
APAOXPO
Female figure r., wearing modius and nimbate, clad in chiton and himation ; holds cornucopiae
13
O. C.
[I.
to
;
122-8 -^-8
r.,
^J
.
[PI. XXVI. 6.]
Similar.
A Poo AC no
Bearded deity
r.,
diad., clad in sleeved tunic; holds in r.
r.,
hand, wreath
;
beside him, horse
saddled, trotting
120-2
;
io\.,X$
[PI. XXVI. 7.]
122
(same die).
(same die).
Simil9,r.
BOAAO
[I.
0.
C]
Buddha, facing, nimbate, and himation; r. advanced ; in 1., wallet
clad in chiton
hand
tor, ty. 16
109-2
â&#x20AC;˘
^-8
[I.
0. C.
PI. XXVI. 8.]
;
;;
1
KANEBKES.
No.
Wt.
131
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
MAO
PAONANOPAOKA NhPKIKoPANO The king standing
Male
(moon-god) 1., and himation
deity
diad., clad in chiton
behind
crescent
].,
shoulders
hand advanced; holds in sceptre, bound with fiUet
wearing helmet and. diadem, clad in coat and
and cloak flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in r. hand elephant-goad trousers,
girt
round waist
to
;
r.
long
sword
;
\f
1.,
;
1.,
.
over altar ; in his 1., spear; sword at his waist.
17 121 9
.^75
18 122-3
N-8
[PL
9.]
(no sword).
Similar.
M€IPO
Mithras, diad. and with
radiate disk,
to
1. ;
hand ad-
i.
vanced ; in 1., sceptre bound with fillet ; sword girt round waist 19 118-
to
^•8 Similar.
20 122-3
M
1
1.,
X^
PO
.
Mithras, to
vanced
;
waist
to
;
N-8
1.
1.
rests
t5
1.
;
r.
on hip
;
hand adsword at
•
[PI. XXVI. 10.]
Similar.
NANA
Nanaia r., nimbate and head surmounted by crescent ; holds sceptre ending in forepart of horse, and patera; diad.,
to r,
21
123-2 Jf-8
Similar.
^
NANAPAO Nanaia
22 120-3
30-2
;
to
Similar r.,
(sword at waist).
23 122-2 24
.
^5
„
XJ
figure
of
•
[PL xxvi.
[I.O. C.
PL
11.]
XXVI. 12.]
132
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
;;
; ;
.
133
KANERKES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse,
Obverse.
Size.
Later period.
A]PAOKPO PAO NANOPA[0 [KA]NHPKOKOPANO on throne, The king standing altar,
nimbate
;
1.
at
holds
r.
hand over altar in 1., spear bound with fillet to ]., trident bound with
footstool
;
nucopiae
Goddess, seated facing
nimbate ; tinder holds wreath and to
feet,
cor-
^
1.,
;
fillet.
33
30-6
^•5 (S)
PAOKA NhPKI
Bronze;
The
king, clad as in last class,
standing holds in r.
by altar hand spear
1. 1.
extended over
PI. XXVI. 19.]
[I.
0. C.
inscr.
PAO
A0PO r.
Sfe.
Bearded deity
hand, wreath
on
hip, tongs
(?)
in
;
to
;
1.
;
holds in
which
1.,
1.,
^
rests
.
altar.
[PI. XXVII. l.J
34 35
Ml-
36
iEl-05
inscr. barbarous.
OAYOBOY
Similar.
Buddha
facing,
nim-
CAKAMA
bate: his r. hand raised as in teaching ; in 1., wallet to
37
^•85
38
^•9
1.,
^
.
[PI. XXVII. 2.] [I.
0.
C]
M AO
Male deity 1., clad as king crescent behind shoulders; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long sceptre
Similar.
bound with
fiUet:
sword
IXU
to
39
^1-05
40
^1-05
41
M
-85
king nimbate
;
to
1,,
fj
.
1.,
t7 [PL XXVII.
3.]
deity does not hold sceptre.
at waist:
134
No.
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA,
KANEBKES.
No.
135
;
GEEEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA,
136
No.
;
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
HOOEEKES. (a)
PAONANOPAOO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds is diad. and nimbate wears
conical
Gold.
A0OPO
Hephaestus standing r., flames rising from shoulders holds hammer and tongs ; to r.,
helmet
and coat of mail holds ear of corn and spear.* ;
121-5
^•8
[PI, XXVII. 8.]
PAONANOP AOOOh AGPO PKIKO 123-5
Similar.
SimUar.
W-85
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
Similar
;
symbol to
1.
Similar.
120-9
^-85
SunUar.
APA€IXPO
Sun-god L, diad. and with radiate disk ; r. hand advanced, and two fingers raised ; 1. rests
123-5
^-85
122-8 A'
on hip
;
to
1.,
5t
[PI. ixvii. 9.]
-9
[I.
*
It
has been judged imneoessai-y
to describe at
king's coBtome in this and other coins.
0.
C]
length the details of the
;
HOOKKKES.
No.
Wt.
137
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
ReTerae,
PAONANOPAO oo hPKIKoPANO
APAOXPO Greek
Upper
part of king 1., emerging from clouds diaJ. and nimbate wears conical helmet
Female deity
attire ;
cornucopiae
;
r.,
in
holds in both hands to
r.,
JQ
•
and coat of mail ; holds ear of corn and spear. 6 •
124-5 Jf-8
7 122
[PI. xxvii. 10.]
.^85
8 122-5 Jf-8 9
10
122-4 J^-8 58-3
to
r,, fire (?).
^•8
(plated)
W-85
inscr.
12 123-5
W-85
type
30-6
^•55
11
13
122-
inscr.
APAOXPA. and symbol
1.,
PAONANO OOh
PAONANO PAOO
[1.
[I. 0.
to
1.
C]
[I. 0.
C]
0. e.]
Similar.
OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of
com and 14 122-5
elephant-goad,
W-85
15 120-7
deity with modius and nimbus, inscr.
OYOhPKI
for inscr.
O^OASA-
OOhPKI. le 120-6 J^-8 17
type
1.,
and symbol
to
1.
deity with modius and nimbus.
30 6 Jf'5
[PI. XXVII. 11.]
PAONANOPAO oohPKOKOPANO
Similar.
Deity with modius and
nimbus.
The king
r., riding on elephant ; holds sceptre and elephant-goad.
181120-9 jV-8
[PL XXVII.
12.1
;
GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND
138
No.
Wt.
Metal.
obscure. part of king
Upper
Inscr.
1.,
INDIA.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
. ;
.
emerg-
AOXPO
Female
figure
1.,
nimbate
holds wreath and comucopiae
;
to
ing from clouds, diad. 9rears
rounded helmet;
holds ear of corn and elephant-goad.
19 122-6
^â&#x20AC;˘8
[PL
XXVII. 13.]
20 123-3 'n-8
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
MIOPO
Female deity r., diad. and nimbate, in Greek attire; holds
Upper
comucopiae in both hands
1.,
^-
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical hehnet and chlamys "over ar-
mour; holds corn and spear. 21
123-
^8
com and
hPAKIAO king
Bearded Heracles 1., naked; holds in r. hand, club; over
Upper
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of ,
com and
-75
;
to
1.,
in
1.
^
[PI. XXVII. 15.]
1.
.AT
arm, lion's skin;
spear.
PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANO
24 112-7
1.
hand, apple
.AT -8
W-8
r..
[PI. XXVII. 14.]
seated cross-legged to 1., diad. and nimbate ; flames rising from shoulders ; -wears conical helmet, and holds ear of
23 125-5
to
of
ear
PAONAr/oPA OOOhPKI The
22 123-3
;
MAAChNO
Male deity (Mahisend) facing, nimbate and diad., clad in coat and chlamys ; holds in r. hand, standard surmounted
by bird ; in
L,
sword
;
to
1.,
elephant-goad. fl.
O. C.
PI. xxvii. 16.]
^
;
.
.
HOOERKBS.
No.
Wt.
139
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
BeTerse.
PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of 1.,
com and elephant-goad.
MANAOBAPO
Moon-god
facing,
seated on throne; feet resting on footstool ; wears helmet ; crescent behind shoulders ; has four arms and hands, in three of which he grasps sceptre, wreath ? and fire 1, fourth hand rests on hip ; to r..
^. N-1b
25
122
26
122-5 AT
[PI. xxvii. 17.]
-8
PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO
wreath
1.,
waist
ear of
122-3
Moon-god L,
com and
crescent behind clad in coat ; holds and sceptre; sword at
shoulders
Upper
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet and coat of mail ; holds
27
M AO
to
;
[PI. XXVII. 18.]
M AO
Similar.
Moon-god 1.,
shoulders
chlamys
29
123-2 A" -8
MAO in
122-6
r.
hand
[I.
Similar.
30
crescent behind in chiton and holds sword in 1. ;
clad
;
;
wreath in 122-2 A^-86
^
1.,
spear.
A'' -85
28
;
^â&#x20AC;˘85
1. ;
[I.
PAONANOP AOOOhPKO
MAO Similar
0.
;
to
^.
1.,
C]
Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre r. hand advanced ; to 1.,
PL
0. C.
Moon-god
tended
;
in
1.,
XXVII. 19.]
r,
1.;
sword
;
hand
to
1.,
type.
31
30-2 AT -5
[I.
0. C.
PI. XXVII. 20.]
ex-
7^
.
GREEK AND
140
No.
Wt.
AND
SOi'THIO KINGS OP BACTEIA
Metal.
PAONANOPAOO ohPKlKoPANO
;
INDIA.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
.
MAO in
1.
Upper
Moon-god hand ;
to
holds sceptre
1. ;
^
1.,
part of the king 1. emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet, and chlamys over armour ; holds ear
.
,
of com goad.
32 120"
and elephant-
^•9 Similar,
MAO in
121-2
r.
Moon-god hand
^•8
;
to
1.
holds sceptre
;
^
1.,
[PI. XXVII. 21.]
122-5
[I.
Similar.
MAO
Moon-god
tended
C]
0.
1.;
r.
hand ex-
in
1.,
sceptre, held trans-
versely; to
1.,
5^.
;
122-4 iir-75 121-2
sceptre
121-2 N--8 123-
hound with
(inscr.
Similar.
M AO
[PI. XXVII. 22.]
„
„
i;r-85
fillet.
MAOO). Moon-god
tended
;
r.
1. ;
sword in
1.
;
to
hand 1.,
ex-
^
122-8 iV-85 121-4 N'-S
(inscr.
Similar.
MAO
MAOO). Moon-god
r.,
in r, hand, wreath
to
411 122-
^--8
r.,
;
diad.; holds in 1., sceptre
^. [PI. XXVII. 23.]
;
1
, .
1
141
HOOEEKES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANo
Bearded moon-god r., diad. ; crescent behind shoulders; holds in r. hand, Upper part of the king sceptre, bound with fillet ; in 1.. elephant-goad: and sun-god 1., ra]., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded diate;' r. hand advanced;- in 1., helmet, and chlamys sceptre, bound with fillet ; behind and over armour ; holds ear the two, the names of corn and elephantbetween PO respectively 1
MAO
M
goad. ,
;
^
them,
42 121-1 j;r-s
[PI. xxvii. 24.]
PAONANOPAOOO hPK€KOPANO Upper
part of the king emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate flames rising from shoulders wears conical helmet ; holds ear
M
1
PO
Sun-god
and
wreath waist
;
to
1.,
nimbate ; holds sword at ;
sceptre
pQ
I.,
.
1.,
;
of corn
43 123-
i^-85
44 122-3
^-85 Similax
45 123-
;
and
no
spear.
flames.
MOPO wreath
Sun-god 1., radiate ; holds and sceptre ; sword at
waist
to
^•8
;
;
to
1.,
^
[I.
; king holds standard instead of spear.
MiOPO
.
0.
C]
Sun -god 1., diad. and nimbate; holds wreath and sword; to
122-8 J^-8.
.
Sun-god 1., radiate holds wreath and sceptre, bound with
^•8 Simila,r
47
J^
MIOPO fiUet
121-7
1.,
[PI. XXVIII. l.J
Similar.
46
;
1.,
^
;
142
No.
.
.
.
;;
.
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
Beverse.
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO
MIYPO
Sun-god
radiate
Upper
part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet holds ear of corn and
to
1.,
1 1
PO
and
diad.
1.,
holds wreath and sword
;
;
5Q
spear.
48 122-2
^•9
M
Similar.
Sun-god
spear and sword
49 121-3 iir-85
[I.
PAOOOh
Similar.
50
^•5
OOOhPKI
PL xxvm.
0. C.
PL
Sun-god
XXVIII. 3.]
L, radiate
wreath and sceptre
;
to L,
of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of
com and
[L 0.
PAONANOPAOOY OhPKIKOPANO Similar. .AT -8
122-8
^•8
5.3
PAONANOPAO OOhPKIKOPANO 54
122-2
N-85
MIOPO
holds
C]
Sun-god
1.,
radiate;
r.
hand holds spear ; L grasps sword tol.,
^. [I. 0.
Similar.
;
^
elephant-goad.
30-7 i^-55
52 120-8
holds
2.]
part
51
;
^
^.
M lOPO TJpper
r.,
Sun-god I., nimbate; r. hand advanced ; in 1., sceptre
[I.
PAONANOPA
to
MYPO toL,
30-2
0. C.
radiate
r., ;
C]
MIOPO
Sun-god hand holds spear ; sword at waist ; to
[PL
L, radiate; r. 1.,
rests
^
XXVIII. 4.]
L
on hip
HOOBRKES.
No.
143
.
144
No,
;;;
.
.
.
;
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
Wt.
Metal.
ReverBe.
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANOPAO oohPKIKoPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds; diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet
OMI/\ diate
Sun-god advancing L, ra^ r. hand advanced ; 1. holds
;
sword
to
;
1.,
^
holds ear of corn and spear.
26-
N-5
69
28-8
70
30-2 J^-55
[I.
PAONANoPAooo hPK€KoPANp Upper
part of king I., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate flames rise from shoulders ; wears conical helmet; holds ear of corn
and 71
122-3
C]
[I. 0.
HPO
0. C.
PI, xsviii. 6.]
(M€IPO?)
Artemis stand-
ing r., clad in long chiton and himation ; holds in 1. hand, bow and with r., draws arrow from quiver
to
;
r.,
p^
.
spear.
W-85
[PI. xxvni. 7.]
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Upper
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet holds ear of corn and
NANA
Nanaia 1., wears stephane holds sceptre, ending in forepart of horse,
and patera
to
;
1.,
"J^
spear.
72
121-7
^-8
[PI. xxviii. 8.]
Similar.
73
124-
W-85
74
123-
^85
75
121-3 W^-85
NANO
Nanaia
bate;
crescent
sceptre
and patera [I.
king's
name
OOhPKO ohPKO.
inscr.
NANA.
diad. and nimon head; holds
r.,
0.
;
to
r.,
J^
C] [I.
0.
C]
;
.
.
145
HOOBEKES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Upper
part of king L, emerging from clouds, diacl. and nimbate wears conical hehnet
holds ear of
NANO
Nanaia
bate
crescent
;
sceptre
and nimon head ; holds
r., diad,.
and patera ;
to
r.,
^
com and
spear.
76 122-9
^•8
king holds double ear of
[PI. XXVIII. 9.]
com.* 77 122-5
^-85
king's
name
N
80 122-6
^•85
0.
[I.
,
OOhPK€
78 121-2 Jf-S5 79 122-5
OOh PKO
C]
inscr. barbarous.
-8
[I.
0.
C]
PAONANOPAOO NANA OhPKOKoPANOPAO bate
N"anaia r., diad. and nimcrescent on head ; sword at waist; holds sceptre and patera; ;
King seated cross-legged on clouds, head r., diad. and helmeted ; holds in 1., standard, surmounted
by 81
120-8
82 119-5
tor.,
?J.
bird.
^•85
^8
[I. 0. C.
PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part
of the king emerging from clouds, diad. wears rounded J helmet ; holds ear of 1.,
NANAPAO
PI. XXVIII. 10.]
E"anaia
r.,
diad.
and
nimbate; crescent on head; sword at waist; holds sceptre to
r.,
and patera;
5?
corn and elephant-goad.
83 118-8 84 151-3
[I.
0.
* This specimen proves that the object in the king's
com, and not a club as
it
C] r.
hand
is
an ear
has usually been supposed to be.
U
of
146
No.
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEU AND INDIA,
;;
;
H7
HOOERKBS.
No.
wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
PAONANOPAOOO hPKEKOPANO Upper
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet flames rising from shoul-
95 122
A^-85
96 121-7
^â&#x20AC;˘8
;
and
spear.
Nike standing 1. holds wreath and trophy-stand, as on coins of Alexander ;
to
r.,
PQ
.
com
holds ear of
ders
OANINAA
[PI. XXTIII. 13.] inscr.
PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANO Upper part
of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad.
;
flames
rising
from shoulders j wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and ele-
OANINAO
OKPO
Siva
1.,
.
nimbate
;
wears
necklace, and has four arms and hands, in which are (1) vase and elephant-goad, (2) thunderbolt, (3) trident, (4) goat; to
1.,
^,
phant-goad.
97 122-7
^-8
98 121-5
^-8
99 1201
W-8
[PI. xxviii. 14.J [I.
Inscr. barbarous.
Similar
0.
C]
OKPO
Siva 1., with four arms and hands, in which are (1) wreath, (2) 1 (3) trident, (4) goat ; to 1., ,
^. 100 123-
A^-85
PAONANOPA OOhPK Upper
OKPA part
king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear ol corn and standard surmounted by bird. of
101 122-2 iV-85l
Siva facing, three-headed ; has four arms and hands, in which are vase, thunderbolt, trident,
club; to
1.,
5^.
[PI. XXTIII. 15.]
and
148
No.
GBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
;;
HOOBEKES.
No.
Wt.
149
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Inscr. otscure.
Reverse.
Upper part PI
emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet holds
of king
1.,
DM r.,
Eoma
or Pallas standing
wearing helmet and long chiton;
holds spear and shield; tor.,
fy
.
;
ear of corn and elephantgoad.
109 123-5 ^••85
[PI. xxTiii. 20.]
PAONANOPA
CAPAFlO
standing
Sarapis
ooYohPKIKop
diad.
Similar.
hand advanced
and clad in himation in
;
1.,
1., ;
r.
sceptre
tol., 5^.
110 123-1
^•85
[PI. XXVIII.
111 121-6 jV-85
[I.
PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad.
BIZAro
Skanda and Visakha*
standing face to face, nimbate each wearing chlamys and necklace, and sword at waist ; but Skanda holds in r. hand, standard surmounted by bird; Visakha holds in 1. hand, spear; between
them,
112 123-
C]
0.
CKANAOKO M APO
21.J
^.
^-8
[PI. XXVIII. '22.]
113 121-3 jsr-8
Similar; last letter of inscr.
wanting.
CKANAOKOMAPO B IZAPO Skanda and Visakha standing face nimbate Skanda holds in r. hand, standard Visakha holds in 1. hand, spear ; between them, to face,
;
;
114
31-
^-5
[I.
*
A
0. C.
Bou and impersonation of Skanda.
PI. xxTiii. 23.] See Introduction.
;; ;
;
.
GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.
150
No.
.
Wt.
Metal.
Eeverse.
ObverBe.
Size.
CKANAOK OMAPOMA AC h
PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKoPANO
NOBIZAFO
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of com and elephant-goad.
115 121-
Niche on
basis,
within which, Skanda and Visakha standing as above ; between them, Mahasena, homed(l), facing, nimbate, clad in chlamysj sword
Upper
at waist
J^-8
;
to
1.,
^
[PI. ixTiii. 24.]
PAONANPAOO ohKIKOPANO Upper
part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet
holds ear of
A PPO
Male deity 1., head winged; clad in coat ; holds in r. hand, fire; 1. grasps sword at waist; to 1.,
<l>
^.
com and
spear.
116 123-2
^•8
0. C.
[I.
hPKIKOPANO Upper part of king
1.,
emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate flames rise from shoulders wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and standard.
<l>
PI. xxTiii. 25.]
A PPO
Male deity 1., head winged, flames rising from shoulders ; wears coat and chlamys holds in r. hand, fire ; 1. grasps diad.
;
sword
at waist
;
to
1.,
p^
;
117
122-4:
^•85
PAONANOPAO
«l>APPO
oohPKIKoPANO Upper part of king
1.,
emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate wears conical helmet holds ear of com and standard surmounted by bird.
118
121-6^-8
Similar
;
deity nimbate.
.
;
;
,
151
HOOEBKES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Reyerae
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKoPANO King
as last
;
<|)APO Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate; wears coat and chlamys; r. hand advanced in 1., long scepholding ear ;
of corn and spear.
119 123-4
tre;
sword at waist; to
^•8
[I.
Same
inscr.
King as
holding ear of
last
Male deity 1., nimbate; flames rising from shoulders; holds in extended r. hand, iire ; in 1., sceptre
^
[PI. XXTIII. 26.]
inscr.
fore
;
King
holding
as be-
ear
<l>
A PPO
Male deity r., head winged,
nimbate
of
corn and spear.
sceptre
N-8
clad
;
and
fire
coat
in to
;
r.,
holds
;
^
[PI. XXVIII. 27.]
Same
inscr.'!
fore
;
ear of
King
holding
com and
as be-
double spear.
<l>
A PPO
Male deity 1. head winged, nimbate ; clad in coat and chlamys; hoJds purse and caducous
122 122-4 Jf-8
;
,
to
1.,
^ [I.
PAONANOPA ooohPK€KoPA King as ear of
<|>APO
.
C]
0.
Similar figure; holds purse'
and long sceptre
;
to
1.,
before ; holding
com and
JQ
.
spear.
123 123-5 J7'-8
[PI. XXTIII. 28.]
PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKoPANO Similar.
124 121-5 4^-8
to L,
;
^-8 Same
121 123-3
C]
<l>APPO
com and
sceptre.
120 121-2
0.
^.
1.,
<l>APPO Male deity r., head winged, diad. and nimbate ; clad in coat holds sceptre and elephant-goad tol., '^. [PI. XXTIII. 29.]
.
;;
GEEEK AND SOYTHIO, KINOS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.
152
No.
.
Wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANOPAO oohPKOKoP Upper
part
,of
king
Male deity 1., nim-
Inscr. barbarous.
bate I.,
in
1.,
emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears rounded helmet;
in extended
;
sword; to
hand,
r.
fire
^.
1.,
holds ear of corn and standard.
125 124-1
N-85
PAONANOPAoo OhPKIKOPANO
<|>APO Male deity nimbate holds in ;
Upper
part of king ]., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet holds ear of
in
1.,
sceptre
to
;
1.,
r.
head winged, hand, wreath
y^
1.,
;
corn and elephant-goad.
126 121-2
^-8 Similar.
<l>
A PPO
Male deity r. head winged, r. hand rests on hip in * ,
nimbate
;
;
IIP
sceptre; to
1.,
f
r.,
^,
0.
C]
127 122-0
128 121-7
[I.
129 122-2
130
33-3
131
27
inscr.
<|>APO
[I.
Similar
,
0. C.
<|>APO on hip
PI.
XXTIIL 30.]
Male deity ;
in
r.,
1. ;
sceptre
1.
j
hand to
1.,
rests
^_
132 123-3 Jf-75 133 121-4
N-8
,134 122-1 J^-8
inscr.
Âť
<|>APPO 0<1A<I>.
.
[I.
0.
C]
(sword at waist).
;
.
HOOERKES.
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Beverse.
PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of
^8
Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate, standing on fire ; holds in r. hand, fire ; in 1., sceptre ; to
<|>APO
Upper
135 120-8
153
corn and elephant-goad.
Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate, standing on fire ; r. hand extended ; in 1., caduceus ; to 1.,
<l>APPO
Similar.
136 120 137 122-4
^8
COPON
Similar.
Male deity 1., bearded, modius and himation
wearing r.
hand advanced
sceptre
138 122
PI. XXVIII. 31.J
[L 0. C.
Jf-8
to
;
1.,
in
;
long
1.,
^
[PI. XXVIII. 32.]
139 122-2 jr-8
[I.
{j3)
Bronze ;
type,
King on
PAONANO PAOOO- A0PO in hPKâ&#x201A;ŹNOPANO* r.
The king
r.,
diad.
and
0.
C]
elephant.
Male deity
tongs; tol.,
nimbate, riding on elephant ; holds spear and
diad.
1.,
hand, wreath
;
;
holds
and in
I.,
^.
elephant-goad.
140
Ml-
141
^1-15
142
Ml* This msoription cannot be read entire on any single specimen and specimens are blundered or barbarous but the formula in the text ;
many
seems
:
to
be the normal and usual one.
154
No.
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.
;; ;
..
HOOEBKES.
No.
Wt.
155
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
PAONANO PAOOO M AO holds hPKâ&#x201A;ŹNOPANO The
-king
r.,
diad.
and
to
Female deity 1., nimbate in both hands, cornucopiae
;
"5^
1.,
nimbate, riding on elephant holds spear and elephant-goad. ;
153
iEl-05
MIIOPO
Similar,
Sun-god
hand extended sword
155
^1Ml-
156
iE-95
154
to
Xy
1.,
[I.
(inscr.
Barbarous inscr. elephant to 1.
157
;
King on
radiate; r. grasps 1.
1.,
with
;
0.
C]
MIlPO).
MPPO?
Sun-god 1., nimbate; hand extended ; in 1., sceptre ;
r.
to
Ml-
PAONANO PAOOOhPKâ&#x201A;ŹNOPANO The kiag
r.,
diad.
and
O K PO
Siva standing 1. , four armed holds wreath, thunderbolt, trident,
and goat
;
to
nimbate, riding on elephant ; holds spear and elephant-goad.
158
^1-05
159
^1
1.,
^
(Siva holds in fourth hand, vase). [PI. xxix. 3.] Similar.
O KPO
Siva standing 1., two armed holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1.,
vase and lion's skin
160
M105
161
Ml-
162
M-9
163
M-85
164
M-95
1651
M-95
,
to
r.,
(?)
y [I.
0.
C]
j
to
I.,
^
;
;
GREEK AND fiCTlklC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.
156
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Beverse.
(y) Bronze
;
King
type,
seated.
PAONANOPAO A9 PO Male deity OOhPK€NOPANO* in extended hand;
holds wreath
1. ;
to
r.
King
'
seated in
head
facing,
cross-legged
cusliions,
166
.
.
body
1.,
^.
r.,
on
radiate
hand, sceptre.
1.
^1Kiag, head and Similar.
Inscr.
body
radiate,
seated
facing on throne.
167
^1-
168
^1King
Inscr. facing,
head
holds in
169
seated;
APAOXP
Female deity
comucopiae
;
hand, sceptre.
to
1. ;
holds
^
1.,
JE-
Inscr.
170
1.
nimbate, r.,
King nimbate,
r.,
reclining.
MS
King
Inscr.
in
seated cross-
on cushions, facing, head r., head and body radiate; 1. hand raised. legged
171
Ml-
172
Ml-
173
Ml-
174
M-95
175
M-8
AP]AOXP r.
MAO
1.,
*
(?)
;
to
;
1.,
holds
^
Moon-god 1., crescent behind ; r. hand advanced ; with
shoulders 1.
grasps sword
[I.
in
Female deity L
hand, sceptre
0. C.
;
to
PL
1.,
^
xirx.
.
4.]
sceptre.
On
coins of this class the inscription is even
those of the last; sometimes, however,
it
ends
more debased
thaoi on
00|-|PK€KOPANO
.
.
157
HOOBEKBS.
No.
wt.
Metal.
Reverse.
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANOPAO M AO Moon-god crescent behind shoulders hand advanced with OOhPK€NOPANO 1.,
;
King
seated
cross-
1.
r.
;
grasps sword
to
;
1.,
legged, facing, head r., nimbate ; holds in each hand, staff or sword.
176
^•9 Inscr.
body 177
^1-
178
^1-
179
^1-
King, head and Similar. radiate, half reclin-
ing, facing,
on throne.
(inscr. retrograde).
180 181
[I.
[PI. xxii. 5.]
C]
0.
M-9 King, with head nimbate, body
MIOPO
seated cross-legged, facing, on cushions; in
sword
Inscr.
and
1.
182
Ml-
183
Ml-
184
M-8
Sun-god 1., radiate; r. hand advanced with 1. grasps ;
;
to
1.,
^
hand, -sceptre. [I.
(king not nimbate).
O.
C]
(deity holds wreath in
[PL XXIX. 185
^
•
r.).
6.]
M-d5 Inscr.
King, with body Similar.
half reclining, facing on throne, flames on shoulders. radiate,
186
Ml-l
187
Ml-
188
Ml-
189
M-85
190
M-85
(deity holds sceptre, not sword).
(inscr.
MIIOPO).
(deity holds wreath in
r.).
GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B40TRIA AND INDIA.
158
No.
Wt.
Metal.
Beverse.
Obverse.
Size.
PAONANoPAo oohPK€KOPANO
NANA
Nanaia
sceptre; to
r.,
King, with head nim-
r.j
nimbate ; holds
^.
bate and body radiate, seated facing, head r., cross-legged on cushions; holds in 1. hand, sceptre.
191
^1-05
[I.
0.
C]
OKPO
Siva facing, nimbate, head has four arms and hands, in which he holds a wreath, a thunderbolt, a trident and a vase to
Similar,
1. ;
;
192
^1-05
193
^•9 Inscr.
King, with head Similar.
and body reclining,
radiate, half
facing,
on
throne.
194
^1-
195
^1-
196
Ml-
197
[I.
0. C.
PL
xxrx. 7.]
(Siva holds goat in fourth hand).
(Siva grasps sword in fourth hand).
;
BAZODEO (VASU DBVA).
No.
Wt.
159
Metal.
Obverse.
Size.
Reverse.
BAZODEO (VASU DEVA). (a)
NANA
PAONANO PAO BA ZoAhoKoPANO The king
in
clad
1.,
conical hebnet and sxiit of mail, diad. and nim-
bate
;
holds
r.
^-85
122-2
^8
horse,
and patera
to
;
r.,
^
.
wears
sword. [PI.
XXIX.
OKPO faces
Similar.
8.]
C]
0.
[I.
PAONANOPA OBAZOAhoK 120-8 AT
Nanaia r., nimbate, head surmounted hy crescent; holds forepart of sceptre, ending in
hand over
altar; inl., spear;
122-5
Gold.
Siva facing, having three holds wreath
and two arms
and trident
to
;
1.,
;
^
.
-8
122-3
(inscr.
PAONANOPAOBA ZoAhoKoPANO The king
clad
1.,
conical helmet
and
OPKO).
OKPO
[PI. xxix. 9.]
Siva facing, having three
and two arms holds wreath and trident behind him, bull 1.
faces
in suit
of mail, diad. and nimbate; holds r. hand over altar ; in 1., spear; standard behind head.
;
;
to
r.,
^
.
[PI.
XXIX. 10.]
5
123-8 AT
-8
6
124-9 AT
-8
7
123-5 A^-85
(Siva one-faced).
8
124-8 AT -85
(bull feeding).
9
123-4 AT
(inscr.
-8
10 122-8 A^-85
[I.
(inscr. barbarous).
(Siva one-faced)
;
OPKO).
symbol
to
0.
â&#x20AC;&#x17E; 1.
C]
160
No.
GREEK AKD SOTTHIC KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.
BAZODEO (VASU DEVa).
No.
161
GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND
162
No.
Wt.
INDIA.
Metal.
Beverse.
Obvers^.
Size.
INDO.SCYTHIC, UNCEETAIK (a)
Gold;
Indian legend (see plate the inscripXXIX. 15 tion seems to run on one side dideva;
ivithout figure of
TAYPOC
nT 5
King.
Humped buU
(vrishabha).
Greek city-godand peplos, wearing mural crown, and holding a ta
?).
dess, clad in chiton
poppy-head. 66-7 Jf-6
[PI.
ixix. 15.]
r,
.(
163
)
SUPPLEMENT. IMPOltTANT TYPES NOT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.*
Obverse.
"No.
Reverse.
DEMETEIUS. Bust of the king
BAZIAEflZ
diad.
r.,
Pallas
AH MHTPIOY
facing,
armed ; holds
lance and shield. [PI.
Head
XXX.
of the king
r.,
M Wt. 243-
(Gen. Cunningham); an injured specimen (Wt. 219-3), recently acquired for Brit. Museum.
1.]
in elephant's
Same
inscr.
spear in
skin. [PI.
XXX.
iE_round,
2.]
BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AH MHTPIOY Bust of the king
r.,
r.,
-7
Pallas seated 1., holding and shield in 1. (Gren.
Cunningham).
U^'t.
in elephant's skin.
(Mdharujasa
aparajitasa Deme thunderbolt.
[PI. XXX. 3.]
M
square, '75 (Gen.
).
Winged
Cunningham).
* In this list will be found the more important coins of the Greek and Soythic Kings which have been published, but are not represented in the British Museum. Mere varieties are not given, nor, in most cases, merely different denominations of already
mentioned
Museum
coins, unless
Coins.
To
when such denominations
this
are higher than those of the British
Supplement belong three
plates, the figures in
which are
in
Gen. Cunningham's valuable papers in the Numismatic Chronicle, and are reproduced by his kind pei-mission. In one or two instances coins have been inserted
most cases due
to
here which. were acquired for the British
proper places. I
Museum
too late for
them
to figure in their
164
No.
SUPPLKMENT.
SUPPLEMENT.
165
;
166
SUPPLEMENT.
Reverse.
Obverse.
No.
BAZIAEnZ MEfAAOY KPATIAOY Bust of the r.,
EY-
T ^ ^ ^^ ^
king
and helmeted.
diad.
[PI.
(Mdharajasa
rajadirajasa Evukratidasa). 1. ; holds wreath and palm.
M
XXX. 12.]
square,
.
Mke
(Gen. Cunningham).
'7
HELIOCLES. Bust of the king
r.,
B AZ A EnZ HAroKAEOYZ
helmeted.
Zeua seated - 1. holds Nike
I
AIKAIOY jR Tetradrachm
and long
sceptre.
(formerly
Major
Hay).
M
[PI. XXXI. 1.]
Drachm (The
late
Sir E.
C.
Bayley).
ANTIALCIDAS.
BAZIAEnZ NIKHÂŤ|)OPOY ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of king
r
,
the
rajasa jayar T 7'*'1 7*^ 6 dhafasa Amtiali/cidasa). Elephant walking r. ; wreath in raised trunk.
diad.
^
square, "75 (Major
Landon
:
now
presented to British Museum).
ANTIALCIDAS AND LYSIAS.
BAZIAEX2Z ANIKHTOY
AYZIOY Heraklea
r.
;
Inscr. as last.
Bust of bearded club on shoulder.
[PI. XXXI. 2.]
curi,
M
The
caps of the Dios-
and two palms.
square, -7
(Bodleian Library).
,
167
SUPPLEMISNT.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse.
THEOPHILUS.
BAZIAEIIZ AIKAIOY Q EO<t>
I
AOY
Bust
of the king
r.
jasa dhramiJcasa r '"I'^^'t Theuphilasa). Herakles, crowning himself ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin.
diad.
[PI.
XXXI.
M
3.]
Wt.
36-
(Geu. Cunningham).
BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY OEo<l>IAOY kles
r.
Head
of bearded Hera-
(Mahdrajasa dhramikasa J'heu-
club on shoulder.
:
[PI.
XXXI.
Cornucopiae.
pliilasa).
M
4.J
square, -8
(Gen. Cunningham).
AKCHEBIUS.
BAZIAEfiZ AIKAIOY NIKH<|)OPOY APXEBIOY Bust of Zeus
r.,
diad.
;
sceptre
'YA'^%7
on shoulder.
The caps and two palms. yasa).
[PI.
XXXI.
JE
5.]
(Mdhdmjasa
dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhehi-
square, -9 (Gen.
of the Dioscuri,
Cunningham).
APOLLODOTUS.
BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ Apollo [AnoAAOAoToY] seated
bow.
r.
{Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-
on throne, holding out
tasa).
M
square,
Tripod. '8
(Gen. Cunningham).
.
168
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
Reverse.
Obverse.
STIUTO
I.
BAZIAEnZ Eni<l>ANOYZ ZflTHPOZ ZTPATnNOZ Bust of the king
r.,
T^^,
diad.
(Mah&rajasa
jyrati-
chhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pallas 1. ; holding aegis and hurling thunderbolt.
M. Wt.
[PI. XXXI. 6.]
STRATO
134- (Gen. Cunningham).
II.
BACIAEnC CilTHPoC CTPATflNoC YIOY
CTPATnNOC
king
r.,
Bust of the
diad.
{Maharaja
rajarajasa
Stratasa
puirasa cha mmpriyapita StraPallas
tasa).
1. ;
holding aegis
and thunderbolt. [PI.
This
is
XXXI.
M
7.]
Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).
Gen. Cunningham's reading of his specimen (engraved), and given
on his authority.
MENANDEE.
BAZrAEnZ ZI2THPOZ M EN AN APOY Head of Pallas r.,
T.\Cvi/
helmeted.
[PL XXXI.
drdsa). 8.]
T"l^\
(Mdharajasa
M Wt.
Ovfi
T5J"1^V
tradatasa
Mena-
r.
28- (Gen.
Cunningham).
BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ
MENANAPOY
Bust of the king 1., wearing aegis and thrusting with spear.
y.^ÂŁvl/ Menadrasa).
rajasa tradatasa Pallas 1. ; holding
thunderbolt and
aegis.
Didrachm (Published by Gen. Cunningham from a sealing-wax
JR,
impression)
.
SUPPLBMENT.
No.
169
Reverse
Obverse.
BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ
MENANAPOY
head
r.,
T.\£vi/
Young male
wearing wreath.
M
[PI. xixi. 9.]
Same
iascr.
Two-humped camel
[PI.
1.
square,
Same
M
XXXT. 10.]
Y^^\ T^^.~V
(Mdharajaaa tradatasa Dolphin r. drdsa).
,
Mena-
1"
Bull's head, facing.
inscr.
square,
(Museum
1'
As.
Soc.
Bengal).
Same
iiiscr.
[PI.
Same
inscr.
Same
Elephant L
M
XXXI. 11.]
Boar's head
square, '9 (Gen.
Same
r.
M
[PI. XXXI. 12.]
Elephant-goad.
inscr.
Cunningham).
Palm-branch.
inscr.
square, '8
Kos. 3 and 6 are said by Gen. Cunningham to be in the East India Museum. This
is
Museum
incorrect, as the coins of this
Museum, and
a-re
now
in the British
these types are wanting.
EPANDEE.
BAZIAEHZ N«KH<|!OPOY EHANAPOY Bust of the king r.,
T'\/7Z
diad.
rajasa] jayadh arasa 1. ; holds aegis
Pallas Epadrasa) and thunderbolt. .
[PL XXXI.
M
13.]
Wt.
19- (brok«n),
(Gen. Cun-
ningham).
DIONYSIUS. Apollo r., clad in chlamys arrow with both hands.
;
holds
(Maharajasa tradatasa DianisiKoyal diadema.
yasa).
[PL XXXI.
14.]
M
square, '6
(Col, Bush).
170
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse.
ZOILUS.
BAZrAEflZ AIKAIOY Xn.
I
AOY
of the king
Bust
r.,
diad.
t'~\9'^ rajasa dhramikasa Jhoilasa). Herakles, facing ; holds in r., wreath ; in 1., club and lion's skin ; on his shoulder, Nike holding wreath.
M
[PI. XXXII. l.J
BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY Head Xn. AOY of bearded Horukles
T«1f»1 T^vk5 T^^'^>^ (Maharajasa dhramikasa Jhoilasa). Club and bow-case, within
I
r.,
Wt. 36-5 (Gen. Cunningham).
in lion's skin.
ivy-wreath.
M
[PI. XXXII. 2.]
square, 1-1
(Lady Headfort).
AETEMIDOKUS.
BAZIAEflZ
ANIKHTOY
APTEMIAXiPOY king
r.,
Bust of the
[PI.
T
'l'^ H^'^i ? (Maharajasa apadihatasa Artemidorasa). Artemis, clad in short chiton and chlamys, shooting 1.
diad.
XXXII.
M
3.]
Wt. 128- (Gen. Cunningham).
A
(king helmeted).
Same
inscr.
M
[P]. xxxii. 4.]
Bust of the king
diad.
r.,
specimen
much
117-3),
recently
British
Museum.
injured (Wt. acquired for
Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).,
Same
inscr.
Nike
r.
;
holds wreath
and palm. [PI.
XXXII.
5.]
M
Wt.
37-
(Gen. Cunningham).
:
171
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse.
PHILOXENUS. The
British
Museum
has recently acquired a didrachm (Wt. 140') of this
king with the usual type and inscriptions obverse a helmeted bust of the king
1.,
(p.
56), but
having on the
thrusting with spear.
NICIAS.
BAZIAEflZ ZIITHPOZ NIKIOY Bust of the king
r.,
"T77''^ rajasa tradatasa Nihiasa). The king (or Pallas ?) helmeted, standing 1. ; holds palm over shoulder.
diad.
[PI.
M Wt.
XXXII. 6.]
36- (Gen.
Cunningham).
TELEPHUS.
BAZIAEHZ EYEPfETOY THAE<l>OY his
Giant (Skythes?),
body ending in three serpents;
holds in each hand,
hammer 1
yf"^^^
(
Maliarajasa
palanakramasa Teliphasa). Helios radiate facing, clad in tunic and chlamys, holds long sceptre
;
be-
wrapped in mantle, wearing wreath or homed in field, mon, side
M
[PI. XXXII. 7.]
Mr.
Oman
him male
Wt.
figure
37- (Bodleian Library).
having kindly procured a cast of this coin, we are enabled to
Mr. give a more accurate description of it than has hitherto appeared. BendaU suggests the reading pdlandkshamasa as a rendering of evepyhov.
AMYNTAS. Gen. Cunningham possesses hemidrachms with the usual type of reverse, the seated Zeus ; but having on the obverse respectively, (1) bust of the king in Macedonian causia with spear.
;
(2)
bust of the king, bare-headed, thrusting
;
SUPPLEMENT.
172
Reverse.
Obverse.
No.
HEEMAEUS. Gen. Cunningliam has a didrachm of the usual type (Wt. 153
grs.),
with
helmeted head of the king on the obverse.
BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoE EPMAIOY King on horseback r.,
'Y/^.^ji^fij
galloping.
rajasa mdhatasa Zeus seated 1. on
Heramayasa). throne.
M BAZIAEHZ ZTHPOZ ZY EPM AIOY Bust of the king
"Wt. 31-
r.,
(Gen. Cunningham).
"TAw'^/C'
bare.
rajarajasa'(\
Nike
sa).
M
[PI. XXXII. 8.]
TA........:^^ T:d"i.'^v {Mdharajasa
{Herama
raja
?'\yasa).
Horse
round,
â&#x20AC;˘?
{Mdharajasa mdhatasa Heramaya-
1. ;
holding wreath.
(Geii.
Cunningham).
Uncertain device, surrounded by a circle of unascertained Chinese characters.
r.
M
1- (Sir
1879,
D. Forsyth), Num. Chron.,
p.
276.
MAUES.
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN
MEFAAOY MAYOY
Biga
in which radiate figure holding sceptre or spear, and charioteer. r.,
T-I^v^ T^"l^^"l
(Baja.
V
dirajasa mafiatasa / Moasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne thunderbolt in extended r. hand. ^ r
M
Didrachm Wt. 121-
(Bodleian
JR Hemidrachm (acquired Mus.), Wt. 27-6.
Library),
for Brit.
173
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse.
AZES AND AZILISES.
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN MEFAAOY AZOV The king r.,
on horseback
;
7^/^v^
Tlli'i^"! T::1"i~^
T T**1 A 7
(MaJiarajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). city? 1., holds in r. hand an object resembling a brazier ; in 1.,
lance couched.
A
palm bound with [PL xxxTi.
fillet.
M
Didrachm (E. Eochette, Suppl., PI. II., No. 16).
9.]
M, Hemidrachni
1*'.=
(Grotefend).
AZILISES. '
Standing figure to the r. with the r. arm extended horizontally, and holding a chaplet.' ,
'
Figure in short tunic, with loose veil-like garments around the head, &o. Arian legend, imperfect, .... jasa mahatasa Ayilishasa.'
M
square (Thomas's Priijsep II., 212, No. 9, Sir E. C. Bayley).
p.
VONONES AND SPALAHOEES.
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN
MEfAAOY ONnNOY
Hercules, with club and lion's skin ; r. hand raised to the head.'
'
:
spear
;
r.
M square [Ariana Antiqua,
PI. viii. 9.]
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Spahora bhrata Arian legend dhramikasa Spalahorasa. Minerva to the 1., armed with shield and
204, No.
arm extended.' (Thomas's Prinsep 3, Mr. Brereton).
II., p.
— 174
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse,
GONDOPHARES, Bust of the king
1.,
wearing Arsacid
tiara, diad.
BACIAECJC BAEIAECON MErC YNAa«I»EPHE
AYTaKPATQ
King
seated
r.
on throne, holding sceptre ; behind, Nike crowning him.
M Wt.
[PI. XXXII. 10.]
58- (Berlin, Zeitschr.f.
1879,
p.
Num.
358).
ZEIONISES. The king Barbarous inscr. horseback ; arm extended.
r.,
on
Inscription ending r 7S.'^2i (Jihaniaso). The king facing; on side, Nike ; on the other, a wingless figure, crowning him.
one
M, Didrachm (Thomas's
[PI. XXXII. ll.J
Prinsep, PI.
XXVIII. 5).
AESACES DIKAIOS.
BACIA6YONTOC
WN
The
AIKAIOY king,
BACIA€-
APCAKOV
on horseback
r. ; r.
hand
Ariau legend {Mahurajasa rajoh rajasa mahatasa Ashshakasa tra:
datasa).
M round *
A
coin of this class has a type thus described
de MMailles, No. 8296.
palme, la
g. Bur
Type
obliterated.*
[On
another specimen, Male figure to the left, holding a small figure in his right hand].
raised.
—Figure
son 6pee (?).
militaire
(?)
(Cunningham).
by Rollin and Feuardont, Catalogue diaddmee debout, a g., tenant de la dr. une
;
175
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse.
AESACES THEOS.
BACIA€WC G€OY Horse
.
.
CAKoY
Bow
in case
:
fillet-border.
r.
M
[PI. XXXII. 12.]
square,
Num.,
KADPHISES
BACIACYC OOHMO KAA*!-
CHC
King
holding club seated in biga moving slowly to r. r.,
[PL XXXII.
'7
(Berlin,
Z&itschr. f.
PI. V. 2).
II.
Usual reverse; type, Siva standing (see p. 124).
N Stater (Ariana Antiqua,
13.]
PI. x. 9).
KANEEKES.
PAONANOPAO K[ANHPKI] KOPANO Bust of the king
r.,
helmeted,
holding
spear,
above
clouds.
HAIOC
Helios standing, radiate ; other grasping sword.
one
hand advanced, the
N Wt. 30-8 (Eollin and Feuardent).
This coin, published by
PAO KA]NHPKI
v. Sallet, is
noteworthy as bilingual.
]roBOYAO
The king
Buddha
facing, cross-legged;
standing, at altar.
seated
arms in pos-
ture of benediction. [PI. XXXII. 14.]
M
1-
(Berlin, Zeitschr.f.
PI. IX. 1).
Num.
1879,
——
—
;
INDEX
1,
TYPES.
Apollo,
Head
Abdagases,
of.
— Abdagases,
lor Aegis.
7
Head
49
Antima-
;
of.
— Agathocleia
Head
of.
Head
cbus
I.,
Antiocbus,
T.,
of.
of.
—Archebius, 32. — Artemidorus,
— Artemidorus,
standing.
Artemis, running with torch.
— Amyntas,
—Antialcidas,
of.
dotus
61,
—Dio-
I., 3.
Artemis, hunting.
— Demetrius,
144
Hooerkes,
sqq., 166.
Antimachus
—ApoUo— ApoUo-
of.
54.
171.
Head
Head
170.
of.
Agathocles, 10.
Antialcidas,
Head
II.,
Head
Archebius,
Artemis,
of.
II.,
Eucratides
;
II., 37.
Apollophanes,
— Agathocles,
as Herakles,
Amyntas, Head
25
dotus
Artemidorus, Head of.
10.
Alexander
41
I.,
phanes, 54.
Strato, 43.
Agathocles,
Strato
165.
Antialcidas,
;
28 ; Menander, chus II., 55.
and
Head of.— Euthydemus
;
ApoUodotus
—Demetrius,
Agathocleia,
8
;
7
;
Artemidorus,
170.
Head
of.
— Antima-
Artemis, radiate.
— Maues,
69,
12.
Head
of.
—Agathocles,
B.
164.
Apollo, standing.
— Encratides,
ApoUodotus
I.,
38
sq.
dotus
II.,
35
Hippostratus, 60 standing,
;
Strato
;
Dionysius, 51, 169
Apollo,
sq.
;
and
;
1
3
;
ApoUoI.,
;
Maues, 72
;
elephant.
—ApoUodotus
I.,
in
which
radiate
167.
figure.
Maues, 172. Biga, in which king.
41
Zoilus, 53
Zoilus, 53.
Apollo, seated.
Biga,
— Kadphises
II.,
175.
Boar's head.
— Menander, 169.
—Strato —
Bow and quiver. Bow and arrow.
I.,
41.
Spalirises
Azes, 102,
A A
with
—— 178
INDEX
Bow
in case.
—Maues,
72
Aisaces
;
Bow-case and club.
Buddha, standing.
— Zoilus, 170.
—Kanerkes,
;
54
;
—Kanerkes, 175. 24; DioApoUodotus I., 34,
;
Epander, 51
;
Aitemidorus,
Philoxenus,
69, 71
57
Azes, 85 sqq.
;
95 sqq.
AzUises,
111
Zeionises,
;
Maues,
;
;
sq.
;
Uncertain, 162. Bull's head.
Hooerkes,
;
137, 154, 156.
—Azes, 85. —Azes, 84. Demetrius, Head —Demetrius, 163. Diadema. — ApoUodotus 39 Demeter, standing.
— Heliocles,
medes, 31
36
Kanerkes, 130, 133
130, -
seated.
130.
Deity, female, holds cornucopiae.
133.
Bull, Indian.
—Hyrcodes, 117. —Kanerkes,
Deity, holds spear. Deity, with horse.
Theos, 175.
Buddha,
I.
Demeter?
seated.
of.
6,
II.,
Head
Diodotus,
of.
—Diodotus
3
I.,
Agathocles, 10; Antimachus
—Menander, 169.
;
Dionysius, 169, ;
I.,
164.
—Diomedes, — Dionysus, Young, Head —PantaDiomedes, Head
of.
31.
Head
of.
^Dionysius, 51,
Dionysius, C.
of.
Caduceus.
— Demetrius,
7
Maues,
;
—
Caduceus and cock. Sophytes, 2. Calliope and Hermaeus, Heads of.
— Hermaeus and Calliope, 66.
Camel,
Bactrian.
— Uncert.,
A.
—Philoxenus,
stratus,
59
Azes and
sq.
;
31
93
Azilises,
;
— Diomedes', Eucratides,
;
165. Dioscuri, The, on horseback.
112;
13
sqq.,
One
of
tides,
—Eucra-
165; Diomedes,
31.
Menander, 169. City,
Agathocles, 11.
;
Dioscuri, The, standing.
68.
^
leon, 9
57;
Hippo-
173
;
94; Uncert., 162. also Tyche ) lises,
the.
—Eucratides,
Azi-
16; Azilises, 93. Dolphin. Menander, 169.
{See
Dolphin,
Azes, 82, 90 sq.
Azilises,
Dioscuri,
;
—
twined
round
anchor.
Nicias, 58.
—
Head of a. Andragoras, 1. City and king.— Zeionises, 110. Club. Menander, 50. City,
—
—
Club and bow-case. Zoilus, 170. Cock and Caduceus. Sophytes, 2.
—
Cornucopiae.
— Theophilus, 167.
E. Elephant.
29
—
sq.
dotus
68 97
D. 9;
Aga-
thocles, 11.
Deity,
wears
153.
modius.
— Hooerkes,
sq.
I.,
;
Elephant
:
;
Lysias,
ApoUo-
;
34; Zoilus, 53
Maues,
;
AziUses, 95,
Antimachus
cidas,
Dancing-girL— Pantaleon,
23
Archebius, 33
Azes, 87, 90
;
;
Heliocles,
;
I., 164 Antial166; Menander, 169.
holds
wreath.
;
— Maues,
71.
Elephant,
Head
of.
Menander, 50.
—Demetrius
7
;
—
—
;
JYPES.
^
—Agathocles,
Enclosure, Sacred.
;
179 nones, 98 ; Spalagadames with Vonones, 99; Uncert., 119; Hermaeus and Kadphises, 120 sq. ; Kadphises 1., 122 Hooer;
12.
Epander, Head of.— Epander, 169.
Head
Eucratides,
13
165
sqq.,
Euthydemus demus,
Head
I.,
4
I.,
— Eucratides,
of.
sq.
sq.
;
of.
—Euthy-
kes, 138,
154 ; Theophilus, 167 Vonones and Spalahores, 173.
Agathocles, 10.
Euthydemus IL, Head of.—Euthydemus II., 8.
Herakles,
— Euthydemus
seated.
;
I.,
isq.; Agathocles, 10; Agathocleia
95
;
and Strato, 43 Azilises, Spalagadames with Spaly;
100.
ris,
Herakles ; Nike on shoulder.— Zoilus,
Female figure, between stars.
— Maues,
Eemale 71
170.
Head
Herakles, bearded,
70. figure ;
Eire-god.
holds
:
fillet.
— Maues,
of
—Euthy-
demus I., 5 Demetrius, 7 Euthydemus II., 8 Lysias, 29 ;
Azes, 89.
;
— Kanerkes,
Strato
130, 132 sq.
Hooerkes, 136, 150
42
I.,
;
Lysias, 166
sqq., 156.
Theophilus, 167
;
;
Antialcidas and
;
;
Zoilus, 170.
Head
Herakles, Young,
G.
Heraus, Head Giant. —Telephus, 171.
—Menander, 169. — GondoHead
sqq.,
of.
aegis.
172
phises,
phares, 103 sqq., 174.
Gorgon-head on
of.
of.
— Hermaeus,
120
(See Aegis.)
sq.
;
Kadphises
of.
Zeus.)
(^See
— Heliocles,
21
stratus,
Heads
—
Plato, 20.
Herakles, Young, standing. ^Deme-
Lysias,
Euthydemus
;
29
Maues, 69 lises,
96
;
of.
— Hippo-
sq.
—
s^. sq.
;
;
II.,
Zoilus,
Azes, 89
;
;
Menander,
of.
Eucratides, 19.
6
Head
;
Helios in quadriga.
trius,
59
;
Euthydemus I., 5 ; Euthydemus II., 8 Heliocles, 22
Horse.
sqq., 166.
Heliocles and Laodice,
I.,
Hermaeus and Calliope, Heads of. Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Hermes, standing. Maues, 71 Azes, 83 sqq. Hippostratus,
Hecate in hand of Zeus.
62
122.
H.
Head
^Aga-
Hermaeus and Kad-
;
—
Heliocles,
—
— Heraus, 116.
Hermaeus, Head
Goad, Elephant. Gondophares,
of.
thocles, 10.
8
60
;
72
;
48 ; Hippostratus, Hermaeus, 66, 172; Maues, Azes, 89 ; Azilises, 96 ;
Eucratides,
52
Horse, Forepart
Azi-
Hyrcodes, Head
Spalahores with Vo-
1
65
;
Arsaces Theos,
175.
;
sq.
of.
—Hyrcodes,
of.
— Hyrcodes,
118.
117
— — ;
;
INDEX
180
K
King between Nike and
— Kadaphes, 123.
Kadaphes, Head
of.
Kadphises
Head of.—Kadphi-
II.,
King, standing.
another.
Zeionises, 174.
King, half length.
124;
— Kadphises
Kanerkes,
II.,
175;
132,
Hooerkes, 136 sqq.
ses II., 126.
Kanerkes, Head
I.
of.
— Kanerkes, 132.
King, Head
96
2
—
Azilises,
Spali-
;
helmeted.
of,
—Sophytes, sqq.,
165
Antialcidas,
26
14
Eucratides,
;
101; Spalirises with Azes, 102; Kadphises II., 126 sq. ; Kanerkes, 129 sqq., 175 ; Ba-
Archebius,
zodeo, 159 sq.
Agathocleia, 43; Menander, 44
rises,
sq.
Nicias, 171.
;
— Maues,
King, seated,
71
Azes, 83
;
Gondophares, 104; Sana-
;
113; Kadaphes, 123, Kadphises II., 124 sqq. ; Hoo-
bares,
145
138,
erkes,
Hooerkes,
;
King on horseback.
—^Antimachus
II.,
55; Philoxenus, 56, 171; NiHippostratus, 59 sq. ; cias, 58 Hermaeus, 172 Hermaeus and ;
;
Maues,
Calliope,
66
Azes, 73
sqq.,
;
88
and Azilises, 92, 173 ;
sqq.
68
;
;
Azes
Azilises,
93
Spalahores with Vonones,
;
Spalagadames with
100;
ris,
lirises
;
Spalj'-
100; SpaGondo; Abdagases, 107
Spalirises,
with Azes, 102
phares, 103 sqq.; sq.
174
;
—Hooerkes, 137
;
;
Zeionises,
Arsaces Dikaios, 174.
153
sq.
;
32
Diomedes,
31
Strato
40
;
Apollophanes,
;
56
loxenus,
Hermaeus,
54
132
Phi-
;
Soter,
;
Kad^jhises II., 124 sqq: kes,
I.,
AmjTitas,
;
63
;
61
;
116
;
Kaner-
Hooerkes, 136 sqq.
;
Ki9g,
;
Head
in
of,
elephant.
;
King, Head
in elephant's skin.
of,
King, Head
113
;
6,
163
;
in tiara.
of,
Lysias, 29.
— Sanabanjs,
Gondophares, 174.
King, Bust
thrusting with spear.
of,
— Eucratides,
18, 165; ArcheMenander, 46 sq.,
•
bius,
32
;
168; Philoxenus, 171; tas,
Amyn-
171.
L.
Laodice,
Head
lion.
— Azes, 85.
of.
{See Heliocles
and Laodice.)
King on camel. Azes, 88. King in biga. Kadphises II., 175. King crowned by Nike. Gondo-
—
phares, 174.
King on horseback, crowned by Nike.— Heraiis, 116. King and City. Zeionises, 110,
—
—Anti-
;
Lakshmi, beside
sq.
— —
causia,
machus I., 12 Antialcidas, 25 sq. Amyntas, 171.
Zeionises, 110; XJncert., Ill;
Soter, 114 sqq.
King on
29
Lysias,
Demetrius,
sq.
98; Spalagadames with Vonones,
99
20;
Heliocles, 166.
156.
sqq.
Plato
Lion.
—Azes,
85 sqq
Zeionises,
111;
;
Azilises,
97
;
Uncert., Ill,
119.
Lion, Maneless. thocles,
— Pantaleon, 9
11
;
Maue.s, 69. Lysias,
Head
of.
;
ISIenanderj
— Lysias,
29.
Aga-
50
—
;
;
181
M between
Maenad,
0.
— Maues,
vines.
70 ; Azes, 89. Mahasena. Hooerkes, 138, 150. Mahasena Skanda and Visaliha.
—
Hooerkes, 150.
Male figure holds
sceptre.
:
Orthagnes, 109.
Owl.— Archebius, 32
sq.
;
Menander,
49, 168.
Ox, Head
of.
—Menander, 49.
—
Azilises,
97.
Male
figure
holds club and trident.
:
—Maues, 71
Azes, 89.
;
;
—
168.
sqq.,
Moon-god.
133
— Kanerkes,
131,
129,
Hooerkes, 139, 154,
sq.;
156.
Moon-god and sun-god.
Head
Pacores,
—
Male head in Phrygian cap. AmynHermaeus, 66. tas, 61 Menander, Head of. Menander, 44
— Hooerkes,
141.
of.
— Pacores,
Menander, 50 Maues, 69
;
;
;
99
—Kanerkes,
Gondophares, 103
;
kes,
149;
131,
129,
Hooerkes, 144
;
134 158
sqf/.,
Head of.—Nicias, 58, 171. AUke.— Eucratides, 18, 166 ArcheNicias,
;
bius, 32; Stratol.,
48
der,
147
Nike
XL,
;
;
;
on
;
83
Azes,
104
sq.
;
Anti-
Philoxenus,
55;
Hermaeus, 65, 172 sqq.
phares,
110
42; Menan-
Epander, 51
;
machus
107
;
Hooer-
Demetrius,
163;
Mcias, 171; Vonones and Spa-
Strato
;
Sanabares, 113
;
;
168
40
;
;
;
;
;
Epander, 169. seated. - Hippostratus,
Pallas,
60
;
Demetrius, 163. Pallas,
Head
of.
— Menander,
48
sq.,
168.
—Menander, —
Palm and wreath.
50, 169.
Antimachus
Palms and
Hooerkes,
Pantaleon,
Antialcidas, 28
II.,
pilei.
Head
;
55.
{See Pilei.) of.
— Pautaleon,
164.
— Antimachus
I.,
—Pantaleon, 9 Agathocles, Philoxenus, Head —Philoxenus, Panther.
;
11.
164.
Azilises,
;
Amyntas, 61 Eanjabala, 67 Azes, 78 ; Gondophares, 103
Palm.
—Andragoras, 96. Nike, wingless. —
51
;
;
Maues,
Antemidorus, 170.
Ifike in quadriga.
;
Apollophanes, 54
Zoilus,
Pacores,
;
52
IT.,
168; Menander, 44 sq.
Dionysius,
;
Gondo-
Abdagases,
Orthagnes, 109
prow.
— Apollodotus
I.,
Strato II., 168
Bazodeo, 159.
;
Vonones,
with
Spalagadames
sqq.,
68
;
lahores, 173.
N.
57
;
Azes, 78 sqq., 91
37;
sq.
1
Amyntas, 61
Spalahores with Vonones, 98
Pallas, thundering.
^'anaia.
110.
— Andragoras,
standing.
Pallas,
1.
of.
56, 171.
—
— ;
INDEX
182 Pilei of Dioscuri
and palms.
—Eucra-
165; Antialcidas, Antialcidas and Lysias,
I.
Soter,
27
Strato
sy.
;
Head of.— Plato,
Strato II.,
20.
Poseidon, standing.— Antimachus
12
;
70
I.,
Azes, 77.
Poseidon sq.
and ;
Eiver-god.
—
—
168.
1&6; Archebius, 167. Plato,
—
Head of. Sophytes, 2. Head of. Soter, 114 sqq. Strato I., 40 sq., I., Head of.
Sophytes,
tides, 15, 18,
Head of.— Strato II.,
—Maues,
^Agathocles, 12.
;
Kanerkes, 129, 131, 134,175;
Hooerkes, 136, 141, 155, 157.
Azes, 89.
Sun-god and moon-god. 141.
Q.
Sun-god and another
— Plato, —Andra-
Quadriga of Helios.
168.
— Sun-god, standing. —Philoxenus, 57 Stupa, Buddhist.
figure.
phus, 171.
20.
Quadriga driven by Nike.
—Hooerkes, —Tele-
Symbol
ij.
— Gondophares,
105.
goras, 1.
Quiver and bow.
— Strato
I.,
41.
R. Ranjabala,
Theophilus,
Head of.—Ranjabala,
67.
Eiver-god under foot of Poseidon.
Head
— Theophilus,
of.
167.
Thunderbolt,
winged.
— Demetrius,
163.
{See Poseidon.)
Trident.
—Demetrius,
7.
Trident and battle-axe in one. _
Sanabares, Sarapis.
Head
of.
— Sanabares, 113.
—Hooerkes, 149. —
Gondophares, two armed. 104; Kadphises II., 125; Kanerkes, 135; Hooerkes, 155;
Siva,
Bazodeo, 159. Siva,
two armed, with
bull.
—Kad-
phises II., 124, 126 sq.,
175;
—Kad-
phises II., 126.
Tripod-lebes.
—Euthydemus
Apollodntus
I.,
ApoUodotus
II.,
41
;
51
;
60
;
Triton.
35
38
Menander, 49 Zoilus,
53
;
sq.; ;
II.,
sq.,
8
;
167
Strato
I.,
Dionysius,
Hippostratus,
Maues, 72.
—Hippostratus, 60.
Tyche.—Maues,
68,
Visakha
Skanda.
70
sq.
Bazodeo, 159 sqq. Siva, four armed.
— Kanerkes,
132,
135; Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158. Skanda.
Skanda
— Hooerkes, 138. and Visakha. — Hooerkes,
149.
Skanda Visakha and Mahascna. Hooerkes, 150.
and
— Hooerkes,.
149.
Visakha Skanda and Mahasena. Hooerkes, 150.
— ;
;
183
TYPES.
W.
Agathocles, 10,
chus
—Kanerkes, 132 HooerWarrior, —Arsaces Dikaios, 174. "Wheel. —Menander, "Wind-god. — Kanerkes, "Wreath and palm. — 28
"War-god.
164
Antima-
;
Archebius, 32.
;
holding Hecate.
:
Agathocles, 10.
standing.
Zeus, seated. tas,
50.
— Agathocles, 10; Amyn171
61,
sqq.,
135.
Antimachus
164
Zeus, standing
;
kes, 138, 148.
Antialcidas,
I.,
172
Hermaeus,
;
Spalirises,
;
62
101
Heliocles, 166.
;
II., 55.
with Thunderbolt.
Zeus, seated,
Maues, 70, 172. Zeus, seated, and elephant. tides,
19
;
—Eucra-
Antialcidas, 25 sq.
;
Maues, 70. Zeus, standing.
Manes, 68
Azes and
93
;
98
;
—
Heliocles, 21 sqq.
Azes, 73 sqq., 83
;
Azilises,
92
;
;
AziUses,
Spalahores with Vonones,
Spalagadames
nones,
with
99 Gondophares, 103, 106
gases,
Zeus,
]
Spalirises,
;
107
sq.
thundering.
;
;
Vo-
AbdaI.,
3
;
Hecate.
— Pan-
taloon, 164.
Head
Zeus,
of,
diad.
—Andragoras,
1
;
Archebius, 167. Zeus,
Head
of,
laur.
—Diodotus
Euthydemus I., 5. Zeus, Head of thundering. 3
100
Soter, 114, 116.
—Diodotus
Zeus, seated: holds
cidas,
Zoilus,
I.,
;
27
—Antial-
sq.
Head of.— ZoUus,
52, 170.
INDEX
II.
KINGS, TYRANTS,
&c.
D. AbJagases, 107.
Demetrius,
Agathocles, 10, 164.
Diodotus
Agathocleia with Strato, 43.
Diomedes, 31.
Amyntas, 61, 171.
Dionysius, 51, 169.
Andragoras,
6, 163.
I., 3.
1.
AntialciJas, 25, 166.
E.
Antialcidas and Lysias, 166,
Antimaohus I., 12, 164. Antimachus XL, 55.
Epander, 51, 169.
Apollodotus
Eucratides with Heliocles and Lao-
I.,
34, 167.
ApoUodotus II., 37. ApoUophanes, 54. Archebius, 32, 167.
Eucratides, 13, 165.
dice, 19.
Euthydemus Euthydemus
I., 4.
II., 8.
Arsaces Dikaios, 174. Arsaces Theos, 175.
G.
Artemidoms, 54, 170. Gondophares, 103, 174.
Azes, 73.
Azes and
Azilises, 92, 173.
Azes and
Spalirises, 102.
H.
AziUses, 93, 173. Heliocles, 21, 166.
Heliocles and Laodice with Eucra-
B.
Bazodeo (Vasu Deva), 159,
C. Calliope and Hermaeus, 66.
tides, 19.
Heraiis, 116.
Hermaeus, 62, 172. Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Hermaeus and Kadphises I., 120. Hippostratus, 59.
185-
KINGS, TYRANTS, &C.
Hooerkes, 136.
Philoxenus, 56, 171.
Hyrcodes, 117.
Plato, 20.
K. Kadaphes, 123. Kadphises I., 122.
R.
Eanjabala, 67.
Kadphises
I. and Hermaeus, 120. Kadphisos I L, 124, 175. Kanerkes, 129, 175.
S.
Sanabares, 113.
Sophy tes,
2.
Soter Megas, 114.
Spalagadames with Spalyris, 100. Laodice with Heliocles and Eucra-
Spalagadames with Vonones,
99.
Spalahores with Vonones, 98, 173.
tides, 19.
Spalirises, 100.
Lysias, 29. Spalirises
Lysias and Antialcidas, 166.
Strato
M.
with Azes, 102.
StratoL, 40, 168. I.
and Agathocleia,
43.
Strato II., 168.
Maues, 68, 172. Menander, 44, 168.
T.
Telephus, 171.
N.
Theophilus, 167.
Mcias, 58, 171.
V.
Vasu Deva (Bazodeo), 159. 0.
Orthagnes, 109.
9,
Vonones and Spalahores,
99.
98, 173.
"sZeionises, 110, 174.
Pacoies, 110.
Pantaleon,
Vonones and Spalagadames,
164.
Zoilus, 62, 170.
B 3
INDEX
III.
TITLES OF KINGS.
GEEEK.
A.
AAEAÂŤt>IAEnZ AbJagases, 108. AAEA<|)OY TOY BAZIAEflZ
ANIKHTOY
Spalyris, 100.
Lysias, 29, 166; Artemidorus, 54,
170; Philpxenus, 56;
Demetrius, 163.
AYTOKPATO[
Gondophares, 174.
BAZIAEYONTOZ Agathocles, 10; BAZIAEYONTOZ BAZIAEHN
Soter, 114.
Abdagases, 107
;
Arsaces Dikaios,
174.
BAZIAEnZ AAEA<t>OY Spalirises, 100. BAZIAEHZ BAZIAEXIN Gondophares, BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEilN MEfAAOY 173;
Azilises,
104; Kanerkes, 129.
Maues, 68, 172 ; Azes, 73, 92; Vononcs, 98, 173; Spalirises, 101; Gondophares,
103, 174; Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises
II.,
126.
BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY 59
Hippostratus,
;
Azes,
Eucratides, 14, 165
90
;
ApoUodotus XL, 37
;
102
Spalirises,
;
Gondophares, 105
;
;
Sanabares, 113.
AIKAIOY Strato philus,
Agathocles, 10, 164; Heliocles, 21, 166; Archcbins, 32, 167; I.,
41
;
Menander, 50
;
Zoihis, 52,
170
167; Arsaces, 174.
Eni<t>ANOYZ
Plato,
EYEPrETOY
Telcphus, 171.
20; Strato
I.,
40, 16S.
;
Spalyris,
100; Theo-
TITLES OF KINGS.
OEOTPonoY Agathocloia, 43. OEOY Eiithydemus 10; Antimachus I.,
I.,
187
164; Gondophares, 103;
12,
Arsaces, 175.
N KATO POZ
Amyntas,
NIKH<t)OPoY
Antialcidas, 25, 166
I
169
;
Antimachus
II.,
6
1
Antiochus of Syria, 164.
;
;
ArchelDiiis, 32,
ZAKA KOIPANOY (KOPPANOY) ZATPAnoY Zeionises, 110. ZflTHPOZ
Diodotus, 10, 164
ApoUodotiis sius,
tus,
51
59
;
;
II.,
Hermaeus, 62, 172
dagases, 107; Soter,
TYPANNOYNTOZ YlOY
Zeionises, 111
<|)IAonATOPOZ
B.
;
;
;
Nicias, 58, 171
Eanjabala, 67
;
;
;
Hippostra-
Gondophares, 105
114; Kadphises IL, 126; Strato
II.,
168.
Heraiis, 116.
;
Strato
II.,
Apollodotus
SCYTHIC,
168.
II., 37.
IlSr
GEEEK LETTERS.
ZAOOY Kadaphes, 123. KOPANO Kanerkes, 130;
Hooerkes, 136.
PAO
Hooerkes, 136.
Kanerkes, 130, 175
;
PAONANO Kanerkes, 130, 175; Hooerkes, 136. ZY Hemiaeus, 120, 172; Kadaphes, 123. XOPAN (KOPON, &o.) Kadphises I, 122; Kadaphes, C.
Epander, 51,
Diomedes, 31 ; Apollodotus I., 34, 167 Menander, 44, 168; Diony-
;
Apollophanes, 54
;
j
Heraiis, 116.
37; Strato L, 40, 168
Zoilus, 52
167
55.
123.
INDIAN TITLES AND WORDS.
Apadihatasa, Lysias, 29; Artemidorus, 54, 170; Philoxenus, 56. Aparajitasa, Demetrius, 163.
Apratihatasa, Gondophares, 105.
Apratihatachakrasa, Ranjabala, 67.
;
Ab-
INDEX
Igg
III.
Bhradaputrasa, Abdagases, 107. Bhrata, Spalahores, 173.
Qia, Strato
II.,
168.
Chhatrapasa, Eanjabala, 67; Zeionises, 110.
Devatratatasa (Devahadasa), Gondophares, 103.
Dhramathidasa, KadpHses
I.,
120.
Strato I., Dliramikasa (Dhramiasa), Heliocles, 23 ; Archebius, 32, 167 ; Spalahores, 98, 173 Menander, 50 ; Zoilus, 52, 170 ; Azes, 90 ; 41 Theophilus, Gondophares, 105; Spalagadames, 99; Spalirises, 100;
;
;
167.
Hiduja Same, Agathocles, 12. Jayadharasa, Antialcidas, 25, 166; Archebius, 32, 167; Epander, 51, 169;
Antimachus
II.,
5?; Amyntas, 61.
Jayamtasa (Jayatasa), Hippostratus, 55; Aspavarma, 91. Karifiye nagara devata, Eucratides, 19.
Kujula (Kuyula), Kadphises
I.,
120
Kushana (Khushana), Kadphises
I.,
;
Kadaphes, 123.
120
;
Kadaphes, 123.
Mahachhatrapasa, Eanjabala, 67. Maharajasa, Passim after Eucratides.
Maharajabhrata (Maharajabhraha), Spalahores, 98
;
Spalirises, 100.
Mahatasa (Mahatakaaa), Hippostratus, 59; Maues, 68, 172; Azes, 73, 102, Gondophares, 103; Orthagnos, Azilises, 93, 173; Spalirises, 101 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Eucratides, 165; Hcrmaeus, 172;
173;
;
Arsaces, 174.
Mahisvarasa, Kadphises
II., 124.
Palanakramasa, Telephus, 171. Pratichhasa, Strato
I.,
Putrasa, Aspavarma, 91
40, 168. ;
Eajadirajasa, Maues, 68,
Spalagadames, 99; Zeionises, 110; Strato
172; Azes, 77;
Azilises,
168.
93; Gondophares, 103; II., 124; Eu-
Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises cratides, 166.
II.,
TITLES OP KINGS.
Riijarajasa, Azes, 73,
168
;
173
Azilises, 94,
;
173
;
189
Goiidopliarcs, 104
;
Strato II.,
Arsaces Dikaios, 174.
Rajine, Pantaleon, 9; Agathocles, 11.
Sachhadhramat.hidasa, Kadaphes, 123.
Sagaba, Orthagiies, 109. Sampriyapita, Strato
II.,
168.
Sarvaloga isvarasa, Kadphises
II.,
124.
Sasasa, Gondophares, 106. Strategasa, Aspavarma, 91.
Tradatasa, Diomedes, 31
Apollodotus I., 34, 167 ; Strato I., 40, 168 ; Menander, 44, 168; Dionysius, 51, 169 Zoilus, 52 ApolloplianÂŤs, 54 ; Mcias, 58, 171 Hippostratus, 59 ; Hermaeus, 62 S^trato II.,
37
;
;
;
Gondophares, 103; Abdagascs, 107; Soter, 114; Kadphises Arsaces Dikaios, 174.
Vrishabha, Uncert., 162.
Yavugasa (Yauasa), Kadphises L, 120; Kadaphes, 123.
II.,
;
y ;
124:
INDEX
IV
EEMARKABLE INSCRIPTIONS AND LEGENDS. AOPO, AOOPO
Kanerkes, 130,
132; Hooerkes, 136, 153, 156.
AAEHANAPOY TOY <l)IAinnoY Agathocles, 10.
APAOXPO
Hooerkes, 136.
;
Hooerkes, 137, 154, 156.
130,
AIOAOTOY SIITHPOZ Antimachns
deo, 159.
ONI A? Agatho-
Kanerkes, 129, 175. Hooerkes,
138, 154.
APOOAZno
MAAZHNO
Kanerkes, 132, 135;
164.
Hooerkes, 138.
HPAKIAO, HPAKAO
PIOM
1
Hooerkes, 138, 150.
;
Bazo-
Hooerkes, 144.
OPAAPNO PAOPHOPO
Kanerkes, 132. Hooerkes, 148.
Hooerkes, 149.
ZAAHNH ZAPAriO
Kanerkes, 130.
Kanerkes, 129. Hooerkes, 149.
ZKANAO KOMAPO
Hooerkes,
149.
MAKAPOY Hyrkodes, 117. TAYPOZ Uncert., 162. MANAoBAro Hooerkes, 139. <l>APPO, <|>APO Kanerkes, Hooerkes, 150. MAO Kanerkes, 131, 133; Hooerkes, 139, 154, 156.
Ka-
kes, 133.
Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158
I.,
;
OAAO Kanerkes, 135. OANINAA Hooerkes, 147. OAYO BOY ZAKAMA Kaner-
Aga-
cles, 10.
HAIOZ
Kanerkes,
Uncert. king, 119
OKPO, OKPA
175.
EYOYAHMOY OEOY
Hooerkes,
nerkes, 129.
Hyrcodes, 117.
Kanerkes, 130, 133
thocles, 10;
134;
NANA, NANAPAO
NANAIA
BIZAro Hooerkes, 149. BOAAO, BOYAO Kanerkes,
AOXPO
131,
138, 141, 144, 155, 157.
Bazodeo, 159.
Agathocles, 164.
APAHOPOY
nerkes,
131, 134; Hooerkes, 144, 158;
ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ APAEIXPO
MEIPO, MIlPO, MIOPO Ka-
iiPON
Hooerkes, 153.
132;
191
(
)
TABLE roB
CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMIITRES AND THE
MEASURES OF MIONNET'S SCALE. English Inches
French Millimetres
4-
lao,
3-S
MionnetS Scale
SO
is
75
-18-J7-IC-
2-S
-M-
70
65 GO 65
-14£0
1-5
-13-12-11-
40
ID-
ss
9S-
30
G-
Z5
-7-
—
-.
siaa1-
20 15 10
(
192
)
TABLE OP
The Kblativb Weights op English Grains and French Grammes. Grains.
(
T
193
)
ABLE
The Eblative Weights of English Grains and Feench Grammes.
Pl.l.
7
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ANDRACORAS, SOPHYTES, DiODOTUS^ EUTHYDEMUSl.
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PACORES, ORTH AGNES, ABDAGASES^ ZEIONISES A SAN BARES. <5:C.
RZl짜
BAS. MEGAS, HERAUS,
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23
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KANERKES, HOOERKES.
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27
31
H
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32
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PI.
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