Portfolio by Ruchie Kothari

Ruchie Kothari Architect MS Sustainable Design Carnegie Mellon University

Portfolio

Contents

Curriculum Vitae

pg 4-5

Development of Building Energy Dashboard

Academic Research

Energy Analysis for Multi-Family Building: Mellon Arena Neighbourhood Development

Academic Consultant

pg 15-19

Academic Consultant

pg 21-24

McKinley Elementary School

Academic Consultant

pg 25-29

Eco-City Action Plan for Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad

Professional Consultant

pg 31-36

Thermonastic Tropism - Tulips

Academic Design Research

pg 37-40

Interpretation Centre at Hampi

Design Dissertation

pg 41-44

Interior Projects: Residential and Commercial

Professional

pg 45-47

pg 7-14

Zero-Energy Retrofit Proposal: St. Maryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Church Multi-Family Apartments Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Retrofit Proposal:

EDUCATION Carnegie Mellon University

MS in Sustainable Design (QPA: 3.85) Bachelor of Architecture

Ruchie Kothari p: 412-973-3764 |

e: ruchiekothari@gmail.com |

a: Pittsburgh, PA-15232 |

w: http://issuu.com/ruchiekothari/docs/portfolio_rk |

Academy of Architecture (Mumbai)

Aug’12 May ‘07

RECOGNITION •

Dashboard interface presented by advisor as part of ‘Empowering Occupants to Achieve Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings’ for Environmental Protection Agency and ‘Occupants as Partners in Energy SavingsDashboards C3’ for GreenGov Conference (2012)

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Project ‘Thermonastic Tropism-Tulips’ presented at Innovation with Impact Research Exhibition at Carnegie Mellon University (2012) (http://issuu.com/ruchiekothari/docs/tulip)

•

Co-writer for abstracts ‘Ecocities with or without Citizens’ and ‘Resilient Economics in Ecocities’ presented at Ecocity World Summit, Montreal (2011)

ACADEMIC Development of Building Energy Dashboard: C3 for Communication, Consultant, Control Master Synthesis (http://issuu.com/ruchiekothari/docs/dashboard)

• •

Designed user interface for C3 through usability studies and focused on the management of plug-loads in commercial settings through personalized recommendations and controls Project developed in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team at CMU is part of US – Department of Energy (DOE) funded research for the Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB) Hub

Zero-Energy Retrofit Proposal for Multi-Family Apartments – Pittsburgh, PA

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Research Assistant | Prof. Azizan Aziz Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, CMU | Aug 2011-May 2012

•

Conducted research on Building Energy Dashboards and Bioclimatic Facades

Research Associate | Environmental Management Centre,Mumbai | Jan 2011-April 2011 • •

Managed content for web-site http://www.ecocitysmk.net/ Prepared program for ‘Indo-China Eco-City Conference’ for Government of Maharashtra (GoM)

Research Intern | Environmental Management Centre, Mumbai | Feb 2010 - Dec 2010 •

Developed state-level actions to promote green buildings for GoM project ‘Eco-City Action Plan for Sangli-MirajKupwad, India’ (executive summary on http://www.ecocitysmk.net/) • Consolidated report and designed publication as part of consultant team for project ‘Eco-City Action Plan for Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad, India’ Individual Research: Study of Green Building Assessment Systems of 10 countries, Public and Private Sector Strategies to Promote Green Buildings

Architect | Self-Employed, Mumbai | March 2009 - January 2010 • •

Carried out preparation, design, pre-construction and construction of interior projects Projects: Residence, Gynecologist Clinic, Children Centre

Asst. Architect | Architect Rohit Ganatra,Mumbai | Jan 2008 - Feb 2009 • •

Completed preparation and design stages of architecture and interior projects Projects: Commercial Interiors, Temple Design

Product Design | Ganko Opticians, Mumbai | Dec 2010– July 2011 • •

Designed children’s eyewear for Nickelodeon characters product line Coordinated production team in China and Singapore

Design Intern | Samira Rathod Design Associates (SRDA), Mumbai | Nov 2006 – Feb 2007 •

Completed preparation and design stages of architecture and interior projects

LICENSE

Consultant Project (http://issuu.com/ruchiekothari/docs/zeh1)

• •

Proposed net-zero strategies for adaptive reuse of heritage church into multifamily housing Design had a HERS rating of 28 and followed Passivhaus (EnerPHit) guidelines

Energy Analysis of Multifamily Mixed-Use Building (Mellon Arena Neighborhood) – Pittsburgh, PA Consultant Project (http://issuu.com/ruchiekothari/docs/mellonarena)

• •

Performed simulation studies for multiple options for building envelope and HVAC systems Analysis carried out for ongoing 28 acre LEED Redevelopment

Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Retrofit Proposal (McKinley Elementary School) – Erie, PA Consultant Project (http://issuu.com/ruchiekothari/docs/erie)

• •

Carried out energy audit and full-facility assessment to provide cost-feasible retrofit proposal Report used by PA-Department of Environmental Protection and Erie School District

Vision Plan for Stowe Township – Stowe, PA Consultant Project

•

Prepared a theme based wayfinding system and recommended placemaking strategies to help Stowe achieve its goal for sustainable development

•

Advised Stowe Business District Advisory Council based on community feedback

Interpretation Centre - Hampi, India (World Heritage Site) Undergraduate Design Dissertation

• •

Designed visitor center based on archaeological site history and museum display principles Design detailed using traditional building materials and technologies

TRAINING and SKILLS Modeling/Simulation: Green Building Studio, eQuest, DesignBuilder, REM/Rate, Energy Plus, Revit Design Software: Autocad, Google Sketch-Up Geographic Information Systems: ArcGIS Facilities Management: CAFM Post Occupancy Evaluation General: Microsoft Office, Adobe Illustrator

Preparing for LEED GA certification

INTERESTS

Registered at Council of Architecture (COA), India

Historic conservation and history, set-design, travel, dance

Development of a ‘State-of-the-Art’ Building Energy Dashboard: C3 for Communication, Consultant, Controls

Research For: USA-Department of Energy funded research project for Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB) Hub Advisors: Prof. Vivan Loftness, CMU; Prof. Azizan Aziz, CMU; Prof. Peter Scupelli, CMU; Prof. Erica Cochran, CMU Master Synthesis (2012)

Development Complexities

Motivation A building’s performance is affected by occupant behavior. A building designed to be a high performance building may not achieve its energy andcomfort performance goals due to occupant ignorance or non-participation. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies that encourage occupants to engage in energy-conserving behavior.

Limitations of Existing Dashboards: Most commercial dashboards display only a buildings energy consumption data usually limited to whole building energy data. Feedback in dashboards is mostly restricted to generic advice. Very few dashboards have actuation abilities. These gaps need to be addressed.

Several eco- tools have been designed to increase awareness and provide feedback to individuals with the goal of reducing energy usage in buildings. The building energy dashboard is one such eco-tool. Technology advancements such as availability of sensors to monitor indoor environmental conditions, meters to measure energy consumption and actuators to control building systems and appliances provide us with the opportunity to improve the design and functionality of dashboards. The goal of this thesis is to develop a state-of-art energy dashboard for commercial buildings. The C3 dashboard (communicate-consult-control) is designed to be used by every individual in an office and will provide information specific to each user. C3 will provide end-users with information about their real-time energy consumption and indoor environmental conditions. The dashboard will take this information into consideration to provide expert recommendations and will enable the user to control his building systems and appliances. The dashboard will explore the level of controls, user interfaces and energy savings of the range of components that ensure lighting quality, thermal quality and ventilation and plug load management. To ensure that appropriate data is provided to the users to make accurate decisions, the interface has been designed through a comprehensive design research process. Technical as well as visual features essential for functionality and usability were developed via this process. Information collected from this research is intended to help build the software for the C3 dashboard.

Features of the C3 Dashboard

Metering and Actuation Equipment

There are several components that need to be considered when developing the dashboard. This includes technical complexities as well as communication complexities. Technical complexities include: • Device Interfacing: Ability to meter temperature, lighting, ventilation and plug-load consumption simultaneously and easily • Smart Analytics: Algorithms and databases that provide useful recommendations and comparisons • Ease of Deployment: Retrofit installations Hence, a team of electrical engineers, computer scientists, human-computer-interaction developers, building research scientists were involved in the project.

HCI Experiments

Often dashboards fail as they don’t address user requirements and are difficult to read. Hence, it is necessary to ensure that the dashboard is • Easily Understandable: This will help users with little time to use the dashboard • Graphs to Address all Types of Users: Basic knowledge to those with advanced knowledge • Filter data: Display only useful information • Maintain Engagement: Interesting to different personalities

Personas

Hence, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) experiments were carried out to develop the dashboard interface.

Prototype 1

Scenarios

Communication Tests

Prototype 1 For Intelligent Workplace

• To be used by every occupant in a commercial office • C3 provides an Integrated Platform for: Communication = Energy Consumption + Environmental Settings Consultant = Real-Time Case-Specific Recommendations Control = All Possible Equipment in Personal Work-Station • One dashboard to help manage heating/cooling, lighting, ventilation as well as plug-loads Communication includes features to provide information for energy consumption as well as indoor and outdoor environmental settings. Consultancy includes features to provide real-time case-specific recommendations to users and controls includes features to help control all possible equipment in a personal work-station or office.

Prototype 1 was be developed for deployment at the Intelligent Workplace (IW) at Carnegie Mellon University. The IW has an advanced wireless systems to meter and sub-meter energy usage, sensors for occupants, indooroutdoor environmental conditions and actuation systems for heating, cooling, lighting, plug-load management. This makes it easier to implement the dashboard. The first prototype is being developed for plug-loads. Newer versions to suit offices with little to no metering and actuation can bedeveloped based on the results of this prototype. However, installation of some meters would be essential to implement C3.

Communication : : Interface Development Designing Informative Graphs

Proposed: IEQ with Scale + Baseline

Option B: IEQ with Baseline Reference

Option A: IEQ with Good-Average-Bad Scale

Finalising Graph to Illustrate Environmental Conditions for Home Page. The users were shown Option A and Option B. The final graph was prepared based on user feedback.

Proposed Interface

In a dashboard, a large amount of information has to be displayed in a small space in a way that is easily and accurately understandable. It is necessary to apply principles of visual perception and data analysis to create communication graphics which are clearly and immediately understandable. To achieve this it is important to use a thorough design research approach to develop the graphics. The following usability tests were carried out to develop the dashboard interface:

• Feature Prioritisation Exercices for Individual Layouts: These exercises were carried out to determine which features should be included on the interface. The exercises were carried out with the dashboard team as well as end users. It was a useful test as it helped identify how much real-estate should be reserved for each feature on the layout. It was interesting to note that the dashboard team and the end users prioritised different features.

Dashboard Team

End-Users

Energy Consumption Graph 1 Comparison To Recommendations 2 Recommendations My Environmental Settings 3 My Environmental Settings

Home Page: Energy + Environment (Summary) Home Page Overall Energy Consumption Indoor Environmental Conditions

Comparison to Office Average and Office Best Practice

My Overall Energy Consumption

My Office Rating

My Overall Comfort Meter Recommendations Ranked from all Categories

My Commitment

Detailed Report

• Communication Test for Graphs: Graphs were designed

through communication tests with both the dashboard development team as well as end-users. In Step 1, information requirements for each feature were determined. In Step 2 graphs were then created to include this information. Real-time information was used to create graphs. Step 3 involved discussing these graphics with the dashboard development team. Based on this discussion, the graphs were modified and a final selection was made. These graphs were then shown to the end-users in Step 4. The end-users were asked questions about the information on the graphs to understand whether they understood the graph quickly and accurately. Based on this feedback, the graphs were modified and a final set of graphs was proposed for all features to conclude in Step 5. • Navigation Test for Layouts: Navigation tests were carried out with the dashboard team as well as the end-users. Similar to the communication tests, the test participants were asked a series of general as well as pointed questions such as - “ What do you understand from this layout?”, “ What is your energy consumption right now?”, “ Is your current temperature within your comfort zone?” etc. Quantitative analysis was carried out for each of these participants. Changes were then made to the interface. In this way, several designs were prepared for the interface. The final set of features and their locations on the layout were prepared after preparing 5 iterations.

Profile Outdoor Conditions Ask the Expert Local Control

Home Page: Energy + Environment (Temperature - Detail) Temperature Page Temperature Settings

Energy Consumption for Heating and Cooling

Comparison to Office Average and Office Best Practice

Short Term Recommendations Ranked and only from heating and cooling category Link to All Recommendations

Long Term Recommendations

Recommendations Sorted by Energy Savings Voting Meter

Consultant : : Generating Expert Recommendations Providing the occupants with feedback can help them make better decisions about their actions to minimize environmental impact. However in most cases, information about general environmental concerns does not directly influence user behavior. For maximum change, the user should be provided with situation-specific feedback. Usually, feedback is given after some energy related action takes place and includes only changes in energy consumption. The user has to analyse his behavior and come-up with response actions by himself. The C3 dashboard provides an alternate feedback mechanism. The C3 dashboard provides the user with Expert Recommendations. In the context of the C3, this means recommendations that are– • Appliance specific • Based on real-time occupant behavior • Feedback is given to the occupants regularly at short intervals In order to generate these recommendations, it is necessary to take into consideration: • • • •

Historical Inferences: This includes analysis of the occupant’s appliance usage patterns Database Inferences: This is based on typical appliance characteristics and possible recommendations Community Inferences: This is based on office/appliance sensor, actuation capabilities Environmental Inferences: This is based on indoor, outdoor environmental conditions and user preferences

Based on the information collected from the above analysis, decision trees have to be generated for each category. The decsion trees will be coded into the dashboard program and will help provide recommendations at the right time intervals. A methodology was formed and followed to generate recommendations for plug-load management. A similar methodology can be followed to generate recommendations for the other categories. Decision Tree to Generate Recommendations for Plug-Loads

Generating Recommendations for PlugLoads A comprehensive list of plug-loads was prepared through literature review and photo-studies of offices. These appliances were classified based on functions for example – computers, imaging equipment, phone etc. The appliance characteristics were also studied to understand it’s different states and the power requirements for each stage. This was done through –

Live Interface for Prototype 1 A web-based interface with live actuation features has been developed. The design of this interface is based on the results from the previously conducted usability studies.

Build-Your-Own-Dashboard: Library of Appliances

• Analysis of Energy Star Appliances • Analysis of real-time data collected from individual appliances in the IW using Plugwise Based on this information, a library of all possible recommendations that can generated for each appliance was created. These recommendations were categorized as short-term recommendations and long-term recommendations. The focus was on short-term recommendations that target change in user-behavior. The recomemdnations were also categorised based on occupant usage preferences.

Automatic/ Manual Control Feature

When implementing the personal dashboard, information regarding the users appliances and his usage preferences will be taken into consideration when generating recommendations.

Controls : : Web-Based Actuation

Plug-Load Interface

Through C3, users are provided with personalized recommendations to achieve maximum energy savings (individually and at a building level) along with environmental comfort. This consultant feature of C3 enables us to provide users with easy controls over their equipment. The dashboard interface itself is proposed to be the controls medium for the equipment. The users are able to directly implement recommendations through buttons to switch on/ off appliance, dim light fittings, adjust temperature etc. In addition to manual controls, C3 will also have the ability for automatic controls. In this scenario, C3 will operate equipment based on the information fed into its program by the user. This includes information about the occupant’s work schedule.

Experiment : : Impact of Actions

Energy Analysis for Multi-family Building: Pittsburgh, PA

The Successful C3 Approach:

Monitor + Diagnose + Recommend + Implement = Energy Savings Severel plug-loads were monitored in the IW using Plugwise. This gave the team second-by-second energy consumption for each appliance. Using this data, the different states of the appliances were diagnosed and the users consumption patters were analysed based on her work schedule.

Site: Mellon Arena Neighbourhood , Downtown - Pittsburgh In Collaboration With: Eleni Katrini, Uma Patwardhan Advisor: Prof. Khee Poh Lam, CMU Consultant Project

In the given example, the user’s energy consumption is good during the weekends and bad during weeknights. On analysis it was seen that her CPU did not have a sleep mode activated. She switched off her computer completely on weekends- hence her consumption remained low. As she left her computer to automatially go into sleepmode during weekdays, her consumption remained high during weeknights.The user was notified of this problem and was asked to change her power management settings. Once implemented, the time her computer spent in idle mode decreased from 45% to 3%. This reduced her energy consumption from 8.9kwh per week to 2.5kwh per week- an energy savings of almost 71%. Energy Savings Achieved Through Implementation of Recommendations Weekday

Weekday

Weekend

Before Intervention

After Intervention

In this case, a personal recommendation using the 3C approach-montior, analyse, alert and implement helped achieve energy savings. It is hoped that the dashboard software will automatically generate these case-specific recommendations using the decision trees and that web-based actuation will help ease implementation.

The dashboard interface was presented as part of the presentation ‘Empowering Occupants to Achieve Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings’ for the Environmental Protection Agency and ‘Occupants as Partners in Energy Savings-Dashboards C3’ for the GreenGov Conference (2012). The dashboard is still under development at Carnegie Mellon University and will soon be deployed for a large-scale live experiment. It is being developed for the US-DOE research project for the Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB) Hub.

Energy Analysis using Green Building Studio Building modeled using Revit 2012

Energy Analysis using eQuest Objective:

Objective:

Use BIM Tool (Revit 2012)and web-based simulation tool (Green Building Studio - GBS) for early design analysisand to understand the impact of different design decisions on the energy consumption of a building through parametric studies. The Mellon Arena project is still in concept stage.

The building was imported from GBS to eQuest as a DOE-2 file extension along with the Pittsburgh weather file (.bin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on overall energy conservation by modifying the following for each zone based on its function (commercial, retail, residential)-

Method: Site Plan of Mellon Arena Neighbourhood Development

The building investigated is a 8 storey building. The1st and 2nd floor of the building have retail and commercial spaces. The upper 6 floors are residential. Thermal zones for each floor were decided based on• Room Orientation • Distance from External Facade • Conditioning State (public spaces with low heating/cooling requirements are clubbed together) • Room Function Different options were tried for• Building Orientation • Roof Material • Wall Assemblies • Glazing Material • Glazing Percentage on Each Facade

Conclusion: Thermal Zones on Residential Floors

• Change in building orientation and roof material did not reduce EUI significantly • Considerable reductions were seen in change in wall-assembly, glazing percentage and glazing material • Combination of all best options led toa total reduction of 9%

• • • •

Building Model in eQuest

HVAC Zoning Occupancy Schedule Lighting Schedule Equipment Schedule

Modifications were also made to the building shell.

Method: eQuest assumed 13 HVAC units for the building. This was changed to two HVAC units - 1 for all the residential zones and 1 for the retail zone. The same HVAC unit, i.e a Terminal Airconditioning Unit (the eQuest default) was assigned.

Study Method

The occupant density, lighting density and equipment density were changed from the eQuest default as per relevant ASHRAE 60.2, ASHRAE 90.1 and DOE study standards.

Conclusion: • Change in HVAC unit allocation led to 5% reduction in EUI • Change in internal loads led to an overall increase of 1.53% in the EUI as realistic schedules and densitites were applied • Changing the building assemblies led to a marginal decrease in EUI (0.8%-3%), however the improved insulation led to a substantial decrease in heating loads Graph with 5% Reduction

Occupancy Schedule for Weekdays

Comparison of EUI of Different Options Thermal Zones on Commercial + Retail Floors

Comparisons:

• Case 3 – Base case + spectral glazing (layer by layer) + alternate HVAC (Constant Volume DX for entire building)

For the scope of the study, the building was designed in Design Builder, Version 3.0.0.064, and its HVAC systems were studied in Energy Plus, Version 6.0.

• Case 4 – Proposed case (envelope assemblies) + simple glazing + base HVAC

• End-Use Breakdown

Heating

• Seasonal Energy

Modeling:

• Peak Design Loads

Retail area was sub divided into 9 zones; four corner zones, two zones on the perimeter of the long façade, and an internal core zone.

• Time Set-Point Met During Occupied Hours

The service core and the staircase zones were unconditioned. The thermal boundary was set at the attic of the building. • Building Component Blocks-1st floor, Part of 2nd Floor, 3rd Floor, 5th Floor • Adiabatic Blocks- 4th Floor and Part of 2nd Floor

Conclusion: • Choosing efficient HVAC System helps reduce energy consumption considerably • Constant Volume DX system is very inefficient since it depends on a single thermostatic zone as compared to the Split No Fresh Air with VAV Reheat • Change in HVAC system has more effect on the energy consumption of a building than improved envelope assembly. • Layer by layer glazing algorithm (spectral) is a more precise method than simple glazing algorithm

• Energy Use Intensity for Conditioned Area • Energy Use Intensity for Total Area • Annual Energy Consumption Comparison of Cases Case 1

The staircase and the internal corridors were combined to create a common zone.

• Time Comfortable Based on Simple ASHRAE 55-2004 MMBtus

Each apartment units on the residential floors was divided into two zones: Bedroom (Living +Bedroom) and Kitchen (Kitchen +Bathroom). This segregation was primarily done because of the latent heat that the service area gains unlike the living or bedroom areas.

Annual Energy Consumption

ENVELOPE: UDA guidelines GLAZiNG: Simple HVAC: Retail: VAV reheat Residential: Split system

Energy Use Intensity for Total Area

ENVELOPE: UDA guidelines GLAZiNG: Spectral HVAC: Retail: VAV reheat Residential: Split system ENVELOPE: UDA guidelines GLAZiNG: Spectral HVAC: Retail +Residential: Constant Volume DX ENVELOPE: Proposed GLAZiNG: Simple HVAC: Retail: VAV reheat Residential: Split system

KBtus/sq.ft

Building modeled using Design Builder

Cooling

Case 2

• HVAC - (1) VAV reheat for retail, Split with No Fresh Air for residential, (2) Constant Volume DX for the entire building

The following metrics were analysed for each case to make appropriate comparisons:

Case 2

• Algorithms - (1) Simple Glazing and (2) Spectral Glazing

These models were then transferred to Energy Plus to conduct monthly, seasonal and annual energy simulations. Comparisons were made between: Case 1 & 2, Case 2 & 3 and Case 1 & 4.

Case 1

The aim is to compare 2 different types of algorithms and 2 different types of HVAC systems -

Case 2

• Case 2 – Base case + spectral glazing + base HVAC

Case 1

The project’s objective was the analysis, study and simulation of a multifamily building. The building is a part of the recreation proposal for the Mellon Arena in Pittsburgh.

Design Loads

Case 2

Objective:

• Case 1 – Base case (UDA guidelines envelope) + simple glazing + base HVAC (VAV for retail + Split for residential)

KBtus/hr

Thermal Zones for Multi-Family Building

Comparison of Case 1 and Case 2 Annual Energy | EUI | End Uses

Four building cases were modeled using Design Builder:

Case 1

Energy Analysis using Design Builder

Zero-Energy Retrofit Proposal For Multi-family Apartments: Pittsburgh, PA

Site: St. Maryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Church In Collaboration With: Sarah Zeigler Advisor: Prof. Nina Baird, CMU Consultant Project

Image Source: Thoughtful Balance Architects

Analysis of Original Retrofit Proposal

Project Brief St. Mary’s Church was to be retrofit to provide affordable housing for the elderly. The proposed design for the multi-residence housing facility included the addition of a mezzanine level to the church to overall contain 14 apartments. A complete upgrade of the building envelope and HVAC systems was proposed. The proposed design followed: • ‘EnerPHit Refurbishment Standard’ by Passivhaus Institut • Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) Guidelines • Energy Star v.3 for New Homes • IECC 2012

Diagram of Integrated Building Systems

Original Proposal: Chicago Grid Suspended Ceiling

Advantages: Reducing the thermal boundary helps increase the air tightness of the building, an important criteria for Passivhaus design. The insulation materials act as good water and air barriers. They have a high R-value/inch allowing thinner assemblies. As per company specifications the materials are non-toxic and satisfy the IndoorPLUS requirements. Advanced framing helps reduce thermal bridging. Grade I construction would be relatively easier with this assembly.

Building Envelope: The thermal boundary of the building included the apartment units and the circulation areas. The basement and attic of the church were not included . Schematic details received from the architect indicated that Rockwool Batts would be used for insulation. Construction type (standard/advanced) was not indicated for all assemblies. Hence, several assumptions were made to create the model. Doors and windows were selected based on R-values specified by the architects.

Insulation: Mineralwool Batts (replace rockwool batts) Construction: 1.5”x5.5” wood studs @ 16” o/c, double wall Cavity R-Value: 52.84 ft2.F.h/BTU Framing R-Value: 7.215 ft2.F.h/BTU Framing Factor: 0% Overall R-Value: 43.47 ft2.F.h/BTU Overall U-Value: 0.023 BTU/h °F ft²

Building Services Systems: Air-to-air heat pumps were provided for heating/cooling for the base case. A solar hot water heating system was modeled for the domestic hot water. Fifteen 80 gallon tanks were required as per calculations. An overall collector area of 1200 sq.ft was assigned for flat panel collectors. The tanks were Energy Star rated. A centralised Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) system that served the entire building was selected. The owner and developer did not mention the integration of a solar photovoltaic or other renewable energy generation source to produce electricity for this project.

Building Services Systems: A California Loop system was employed for heating and cooling. The hydronic heating and cooling system has a combination of water-to-air heat pumps, a back-up boiler (necessary for cold climates), an evaporative cooler for a heat sink and a closed water loop maintained at a specific temperature depending on whether the system is in heating or cooling mode.

Analysis of Existing Structure Mezzanine at Window, Insulation Challenge

Benchmark Case Benchmark Case:

Analysis of On Grade External Wall Assembly (Plan)

Vaulted Ceiling , Insulation Challenge

Climate analysis was carried out to understand useful passive design strategies for Pittsburgh. The existing retrofit scheme was modeled and analysed first. A new design was proposed taking into consideration limitations of retrofitting a masonary heritage building. The building envelope was improved first to reduce overall energy consumption and improve indoor air quality. An efficient building services system was recommended and sized according to new heating/cooling loads. The new design was modeled to check its energy performance.

Proposed Case Building Envelope: The thermal boundary of the building was reduced to exclude circulation areas. Loose-fill fiberglass by JM Spider and closed cell polyurethane sprayfoam by Honeywell were proposed for insulation. Advanced framing was proposed for construction. Assemblies were added internally due to modification restrictions to the external facade.

Approach: Approach The building was modeled using REM/Rate Version 12.96 as per the Energy Star New Homes guidelines. The whole building was modeled for this project as the total building area and accordingly the conditioning requirement of each unit was small.

Proposal:

South Facade, excellent for solar systems

One central ERV was selected for the apartments and another for the common spaces. They are to be placed in the dropped ceiling plenum of the building corridor. The solar powered domestic hot water system proposed in the original retrofit was maintained. The flate plate collector system with a fixed tilt of 55.5o (latitude + 15o)was retained because of its ability to integrate best with the storage and back-up heat system. A solar photovoltaic electricity generation system was proposed to be installed on the south roof façade. PV Watts 2.0 was used to determine the potential electricity generation. Advantages: A hydronic heating and cooling system is more efficient than an air-to-air

North Facade, completely shaded : Not suitable for solar panels

based heating and cooling system. Providing a water-to-air pump for each unit helps reduce energy consumption. This is because, in the zoned hydronic system, the heat pumps have the capacity to simultaneously cool or heat in disparate zones depending on the temperature desired.

Energy Analysis of Proposed Retrofit

Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Retrofit Proposal: Erie, PA

The centralized ERV prevented gross oversizing of equipment and its placement in a conditioned area reduces need for additional insulated ductwork. The ERV is also essential for moisture control inside. Inclusion of a solar photovoltaic array in this scheme is highly recommended given the availability of federal, state, and local incentives that result in a negative payback period and considerable costs savings.

Site: McKinley Elementary School In-Advice To: PA- Department of Environmental Protection, Erie School District Advisor: Prof. Erica Cochran, CMU Collaboration With: Kristen Magnuson, Tom Cosgro, Jison Nam, Derek Shiau Consultant Project

Results Results:

The proposed retrofit was compliant to IECC 2012 and had a HERS rating of 28 The site EUI was 8.06 Mbtu/sq.ft/yr for the proposed retrofit as compared to 20.15 Mbtu/sq.ft/yr for the existing retrofit (~ 60% reduction) The total net balance site energy consumption was 4895 kWh/yr for the proposed retrofit design as compared to 68357 kWh/yr for the existing retrofit design (~90% reduction) The improvement can be attributed to: • Reduced heating and cooling loads (tighter building envelope assemblies with higher insulation) • Introduction of renewable energy systems • Improved efficiency of building service equipment (better SEER and EER ratings) • Adjustments in lighting load as per LEED for Homes Standard • Adjustments to equipment load based on specifications of selected equipment

Egg Breakers 1. Use of Vertical Building Integrated Photovoltaic Spandrel Rail - Estimated Production 343 kWh/yr 2. Recommend use of diffuse LED lighting as it is easier on elderly individuals’ eyes

Although our proposed building design did not net to zero energy, we believe we made excellent strides with a tighter building envelope and more efficient mechanical system. Our limitations in achieving net zero included limited available roof area to place and size our photovoltaic array and solar hot water array that generated 100% of the daily demand of solar hot water. We believe, however, that this was a reasonable tradeoff. Annual Energy Balance for Proposed Retrofit (Site and Source Energy)

McKinley School Site and Orientation

Introduction This report seeks to identify building renovation opportunities for McKinley Elementary School in Erie School District, Pennsylvania through the process of instrumented PostOccupancy Evaluation (POE) . This report addresses the following: • Building Performance Field Measurements • Analysis of the School’s User Satisfaction • Recommendations and Prioritization • Implementation Strategies

McKinley School Building

Benefits of POE Instrumented Post-Occupancy Evaluation combines user satisfaction questionnaires with physical measurements. The benefits of linking satisfaction with environmental conditions and the technical attributes of building systems include: • Ensure investment is made where it matters • Recognize the importance of behavior in environmental gains • Catalyze Innovation

NEAT Cart

POE is an invaluable tool to reveal the gaps between the design intent and the performance of buildings and systems, and can serve as a springboard for user-customized and effective retrofit recommendations.

Methodology The school was completed in 1995 (17 years old). The school lot occupies a total of 116,875 square foot with building footprint of 27,175 ft². The longest two sides of the building (200ft each) are oriented South-East and South-West.

1 . Spot and Continuous Measurements: The National Environmental Assessment Tool (NEAT) instrument cart was used to measure temperature, relative humidity, CO2, CO, total particulates, and VOCs. Hand held instruments were used to measure light levels, radiant temperature, and air velocity. A fisheye lens is used to capture brightness contrast. A thermographic camera is used to study the radiant temperature of differnet surfaces and air tightness of spaces. Each space was documented using a digital camera.

An Aircuity Optima system was utilized to measure temperature, relative humidity, CO2, CO, large and small particulates, TVOC, radon, and ozone.

2. Building Inspection: An on-site inspection was carried out for the building. The building tour was guided by the facilities manager and a representative from the PA- Department of Environmental Protection. A thorough internal and external inspection of the building was carried out. A Technical Attributes of Building Systems survey was carried out for each room. The TABS survey helped collect information for the mechanical systems, enclosure, interior furnishings, light fittings, furniture etc. The building inspection helped identify the reasons for uncomfortable indoor spaces. The Building Inspection helped identify the following problems with the Building Envelope. These findings were substantiated by photographs taken from the thermographic camera.

Noise Criterion Levels in Classrooms

Recommended Noise Criterion Limits

Glare Control Analysis using Photolux 2.1

3. On-Site Interviews: Understanding the importance of occupant as sensors, impromptu short interviews were conducted with the school teachers and children.

Findings

Water Ponds on Roof resulting in Water Leakage

Acoustics Based on the measurements of Noise Criterion levels, all measured rooms displayed high levels of background noise. Radiant Temperature Radiant temperature differences between vertical surfaces are negligible is all spaces studied. Glare The median LR in the rooms analyzed in the school is 1.6 which is within the range of 1-3.

Asphalt Roof resulting in Overheating of Classrooms

Roof

Standing water on the roof causes water- logged ceiling tiles in the library & 2nd floor. Black library roof causes overheating in adjacent 2nd floor classrooms. Wall The walls seem to be in good condition. We were not able to investigate the insulation. The basement walls are not insulated.

Gaps on External Wall resulting loss of Conditioned Air

Tightness

Air infiltration at access pipe penetrations and at gaps around doors results in heat-loss and heat-gain. Windows Each classroom has two 4-pane operable windows. The windows have aluminium frames and are not insulated or thermally broken.

Door

Multiple Lamp Color Temperatures

They are not well-sealed in all locations and gaps can be seen between the door and the wall.

Multiple Lamp Color Temperatures

Interior Furnishings

All the windows in the classrooms have dark red venetian blinds. The blinds did not work properly in all the rooms. The daylight reflected off the blinds into the classrooms had a pinkish distracting tone.

Lighting The school was using the most inefficient fluorescent

Different Orientation toto Different Orientation toWindows Windows Different Orientation Windows

system (40W T12s w/ magnetic ballasts).Noticeable flicker with many color temperatures. Fixtures produce unwanted heat. Poor light quality, efficiency, & distribution.Bulb and ballast technology are no longer in production.

HVAC

Unit ventilators provide heating and ventilation.Hydronic heating system via central boiler. Insulated water pipes but not for ducts. A/C used only in library and main office. Redundant boilers and pumps in place. Air conditioning set up for gym/cafeteria but use is uncertain. Warming kitchen is ventilated by movable fans only. There were no major issues with any of the systems. Lack of Ventilation in Gym resulting in Odor and Stufiness

Online User Satisfaction Questionnaire Questionnaires were given to teachers to assess their satisfaction with their indoor space. It was a 21 question survey broken down into 8 parts: • • • • • • •

We used a 7 point scale, ranging from very unsatisfied to very satisfied to graph the data.

User Response to Lighting Quality Assessment

The results of the user satisfaction survey substantiated our findings from the measurements and building inspection.

Lighting is Generally Adequate

Overall, the results of the survey show that the building is performing adequately for the most part, but there are some areas of concern, particularly air quality and lighting. The biggest issue with air quality is that there is no air cooling and little air circulation, especially upstairs.

The overall quality of the lighting The amount of direct glare from electric light. The amount of direct glare from daylight The amount glare on computer screens Light for computer work Light on students' desks for paper based tasks 0%

20%

40%

Very Unsatisfied

Unsatisfied

Somewhat Unsatisfied

Somewhat Satisfied

Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Basic Information Lighting View and Physical Space Air Quality and comfort Temperature Noise Overall Building and Performance

60%

80% Neutral

100%

Most of the comments from the survey were regarding temperature and air movement. Lighting was also an area where respondents addressed concerns about the lack of daylighting and excess electric lighting.

Recommendations

Option for Roof Retrofiit

Roof Retrofit The roof needs to be insulated, the slope needs to be improved and a white membrane needs to be added to roof. The new insultation should meet ASHRAE 90.1.2010 standardswhich is R30 (black) or R32 (white) for CZ 5. Use closed-cell poly-iso board foam insulation and slope appropriately for drainage. The roof should be covered with a single-ply reflective roof membrane. Introduce Daylighting Tubular skylights should be introduced to the roof. This can be done for the roof on the second floor and the library on the first floor. 6 tubular skylights may be needed per classroom. Each fixture can be installed for $150 to $500/ fixture. These lights produce less heat than the artificial lighting. The energy savings and paybackk will vary.

Fans and Sensors to Improve Ventilation

Weatherstripping and Caulking The holes and cracks in the wall should be caulked and weather-stripping should be added. The areas should remain accesible and operable. Lighting System Upgrade The existing ballasts should be retrofit to T12 fixtures and full spectrum lamps. This will result in 60% energy savings. This will eliminate flicker and noise. The lamps produce very little heat. Thepayback period is typically 1 to 3 years.

Tubular Skylights for Daylighting

Improve ventilation Outside air coming into the building should be managed through uni-vents. Ceiling fans should be added to the classrooms to move the air and keep the classrooms cool. Large fans may be added to the gym and kitchen to allow for ventilation. Introduce sensors and personal controls in HVAC system CO2 and temperature sensors should be installed at appropriate locations. Controls should be installed on the uni-vent to give the teachers personal control.

Light Levels from Solar Tube Fixtures

Implementation Strategy It is recommended that the district try to work with an Energy Services Company, or ESCO. An ESCO s can advise a school on many of the aspects mentioned in this report, and then implement the technologies themselves.

Figure 57: Light tube retrofitting 29

Eco-City Action Plan for Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Project at: Environmental Management Centre - Mumbai, India Team Head : Dr. Prasad Modak Professional Work: 2011

Eco-City Program:

Situation Analysis - Identification of Issues and Opportunities:

The Eco-City Program will lead to social, environmental and economic benefits to its stakeholders. Such programs are fundamentally sustainable if conceived and implemented in this perspective. Its economic advantage should comfort the investor and the administrator, and its environmental and social dimension should enthuse the citizens, professionals and service providers towards active participation.

Situation analysis was conducted for the city’s policies and infrastructure. Based on this analysis ten themes were identified to address the environmental concerns within the region. Actions in the form of projects, programs, plans and policies were developed to address the gaps and opportunities within each of these themes. The framework to evolve actions accounted for the goals set in the Charter. Key elements of the project cycle were considered for each action.

Eco-City Program

Situation Analysis

The Eco-City Program was envisaged in two distinct phases - ‘planning’ and ‘implementation’. The Eco-City Action Plan was the product of the first phase.

Themes

Process: Process The Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and Participatory Approach were adopted and modified to develop a unique hybrid process to prepare the Action Plan. It involved identification of key stakeholders, opening dialogue between different stakeholders and evolving an environmental policy in the form of a Charter.

Sewerage and Sanitation (SS)

Solid Waste (SW)

•Inadequate Infrastructure •Polluted Surface & GW

•Inadequate Infrastructure & Capacity

•RWH •Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures •Leak Repair

•Decentralized Wastewater Treatment •Nallah Improvement •Ecological Sanitation

•Improving Collection & Transport efficiency •Decentralized Biomethanation Plants •3R

Biodiversity (B)

•Supply deficit •90% of consumption in Street lighting & Water Supply Pumping

•No Conservation of Biodiversity •Unorganized Tree Plantation Program

•Use of Solar Energy •Energy Conservation

•Biodiversity Inventorisation •Comprehensive Plantation Program

Transport (T)

•Poor Conditions of Roads •Vehicular Pollution

•Curb Air Pollution •Sustainable Mobility

Land Use (LU)

•Areas near the Lakes & Ghats underutilized •Encroachments creating nuisance

•Development of Lakefront and Riverfront

Health (H)

•Area prone to Epidemic and Transmissible Diseases

•Vector control using Organic Methods

Housing (HO)

Composite (CO)

•Existing Buildings with High Environmental Footprint

•Poor Awareness and Community Participation •Improve Capacity

•Eco initiatives in DCR •Eco housing Assessment System •Retrofit Program

•Programs such as EAAC, Green School, ALMs etc •EMS implementation, Participatory Budget •Environmental Monitoring Plan

Actions

•Supply Deficit •Ageing Infrastructure •Depleting GW

Energy (E)

Gaps & Opportunities

Workshops, public meetings, personal meetings with experts and NGOs and interviews with key stakeholders were conducted to draw the various issues in SMK (throughout the preparation of Action Plan). These issues helped in formulating the present Action Plan. Process to Develop the Eco-City Action Plan

Water (W)

Preparation of of Actions: Preparation Actions Actions were developed in response to the situation analysis. The actions followed the guiding principles of the Charter. The actions were formed to met the goals and objectives set through the Eco-City Program. This included relevant Standards,Compliance Rules and Benchmarks. The actions were thematic to aid implementation by lead thematic institutions. Cross linkages between the actions across themes were recognized and listed. Actions were selected where relevant through analysis of alternatives- considering environmental, social and economic perspectives. Actions are structured in a rounded 4P Perspective - factoring Project based, Programmatic, Plan oriented and Policy driven considerations. A total of 49 actions were proposed.

Preparation of of Awareness Programs: Preparation Awareness Programs Awareness programs were proposed under all the themes, for varied target audiences and using suitable methods of communication. To ensure that the actions proposed are well understood, received and supported by the community, every action is linked to an awareness program. The awareness activities will create necessary dialogue during implementation of the EcoCity Action Plan and update stakeholders about their role. Each awareness program provided information which will be useful in the implementation of the activities. There are in all 52 number of Awareness programs proposed.

Target Audience

Themes

Communication Methods

Children Youth Families Senior Citizens Professionals Academia Trade Industry NGOs

Lecture / Presentation Exhibitions Print Media Electronic Media Competitions Excursions

Developing Actions under Housing Theme: Developing Actions Under Housing Theme

Illustration of Actions A typical action will explain aspects such as Summary Table, Introduction, Proposal, Implementation Model, Costing, Performance Indicators and Case Study. Summary Table: This gives a snap shot of the action number, responsibility, estimated cost and crosslinkages to other actions

Existing Buildings as well as New Buildings can be developed to be Green Buildings. Most of the existing buildings are inefficient– they are not designed for energy or waste management. It is unfeasible, uneconomical and wasteful to demolish these buildings and construct new green buildings. Hence, it is necessary to use long-term, mass solutions to improve the performance of buildings. One of these potential solutions is to retrofit the residential buildings. In New Buildings, green initiatives can be incorporated in the complete life-cycle of the building-planning, design, construction, operation and demolition. Analysis to Develop Actions Under Housing Theme

Introduction: This explains the background and existing scenario in SMK with respect to the proposed action

Proposal: This explains the proposed action (policy, plan, program or project) at length

Technology and Product: This explains the advantages of the recommended technology or product

Housing

Location of Actions: This helps stakeholders understand the area of impact

ISSUES

GUIDING PRINCIPLE Sustainable Use of Natural Resources

Existing Buildings

Large Environmental Footprint

Avoid

ACTIONS

Reduce

Implementation Model: This section gives information of the institutional network that should be adopted to implement the action

Costing: This section gives the estimated cost for each action proposed. These are indicative costs (as they are based on assumptions) and need to be revised and verified at time of implementation

Case Study: This section illustrates similar initiatives taken around globe as proposed in the action

Performance Indicators: This sub-section gives indicators to be monitored to check the effectiveness of each action

Conserve

Promote Green Buildings

Retrofit of Existing Buildings Implementation: This section gives details on how the proposed action will be implemented. It gives the responsibility and the modalities involved in implementing each action and how it will progress in subsequent years (wherever applicable)

New Buildings

Awareness Programs

Adoption of Eco-Friendly Building Methods in New Buildings Monitoring

Environmental Awareness and Activity Centre

Actions: Several actions were developed under the Housing theme• Inclusion of Eco-Initiatives in Development Control Rules (DCR) for Building Construction: Suggestions were made to include eco-friendly building rules in the building byelaws to ensure that green building principles are integrated in all construction activities. • Adoption of Eco-Housing Assessment System: Recommendations were made to provide financial incentives for buildings that receive national or state green building certification. • Retrofit Program for Existing Buildings: This action provided a funding mechanism which would help citizens upgrade their homes for energy efficiency. • Proposal for an Environmental Awareness and Activity Centre (EAAC): This was proposed to be the hub for activities and exhibitions.It would be used as a medium to educate the citizens of SMK about eco-friendly architecture, design and construction. The EAAC had an administrative centre, exhibition and resources centre, an activity and training centre and cultural centre. These actions were mainly policy and program inititatives that would need to be adopted by SMKMC. Several awareness programs were proposed to educate the citizens as well as the government officials about the changes in the city policies.

Prioritisation of of Actions: Prioritisation Actions As all actions cannot be implemented at the same time due to financial, technical and institutional limitations and constraints, prioritization of actions became necessary. It helps in grouping actions into investment packages that can be taken up for progressive or phased implementation without compromising on the needs or relevance. Process to Prioritise Actions

Thermonastic Tropism | Tulips In Collaboration With: Eleni Katrini, Mugdha Mokashi Advisor: Prof. Dale Clifford, CMU Design Research

Action Rating: Environmental, social and economic parameters were considered as criteria to assess the overall effictiveness of the Actions. A score of 0-10 was provided for each criterion. Based on the overall score, each action was categorised as high, medium and low priority actions.

Implementation Strategy: Implementation Strategy Details of an institutional framework, financial arrangements and phase-wise implementation strategy were provided. Institutional Framework: A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), named Sangli‐Miraj‐Kupwad Eco‐City Private Limited (SEPL) was proposed. This would be a private limited company , 100 percent owned by SMKMC. This was proposed as SMKMC had very little capacity to implement the Eco-City Program. Financial Arrangements: Various public, private sector and international agencies were identified to help fund funding for the different actions in the Eco-City Plan. Cost-Benefit Scenarios were developed as part of the Action Plan to help with funding proposals. Overall Capital Costs and Operational Costs for seven years were identified to identify benefits for the duration of the program. Tangible (monetary) as well as intangible benefits were identified. Phase-Wise Implementation Strategy:The program is proposed to be spanned over a period of seven years. It would be implemented in three phases of two, three and two years respectively. The selection of projects and programs under various phases include; criteria wise and cumulative scoring, Iinter‐linkages/representation with other Eco‐City related themes/sectors, urgency of implementation, representation of Eco‐City themes, project costs and fund requirements and potential for fund flow and recovery. Next steps were identified to help SMKMC successfully implement the proposed Action Plan. The Eco-City Action Plan for SMK is an ambitious project. However, it is hoped that given SMK region’s commitment towards it, the Action Plan will be successfully executed.

Abstracts ‘Ecocities with or without Citizens’ and ‘Resilient Economics in Ecocities’ based on Eco-City Action Plan were presented at Ecocity World Summit, Montreal (2011).

Motivation | Approach:

Motivation

Method Method:

The project goal was to develop dynamic elements which respond to changes in temperature. The thermonastic movements of the Tulip flower were looked at for inspiration to develop conceptual systems based on movement and heat. A prototype was developed based on this concept. The protype was meant to be used on building facades. It is meant to provide close when heated and open when cooled.

Experiments were conducted using paper which is a fibrous material exhibiting properties similar to that of a flower petal. Water at different temperatures was studied as a conducting medium. Prototypes of different shapes, textures, thicknesses and geometries were created. One set of experiemnts was conducted to check the effects of water on materials that were non-reactive to water. Composite materials were created the analyse the effects on hydroscopic and hydrophobic materials.

System The opening and closing of the flower is enabled by water transport and transpiration in the plant.The petals of the flower open up when water from other parts of the plant reach the base of the petals. The volume of the petal cells increases due to turgidity and causes the petals to open up. The petals close when the amount of water reaching the petal cells decreases. The elastic properties of the cell walls of the plant cells enable the reversible increase and decrease in volume. In the Tulip, the opening and closing of the petals is enabled due to change in temperature. Change in temperature activates a phosphorylation in the cell which causes the water channels open up and rapid water transportation takes place to the petals causing them to open up. When the temperature decreases, dephosphorylation results and the amount of water reaching the petals reduces, causing them to close eventually. transpiration

turgor

PRESSURE

CAPILLARY

action

00.05

copper

origami

cardboard

Findings The observations were focused onâ&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Range of movement of petals Duration for capillary action Effect of hot and cold temperature

spiral polysterine lamination 00.00 range of motion 00.40 00.61

It was seen that the range of movement was the same for most of the prototypes. All the flowers other than the flowers for which the range of movement was restricted opened up to 180o. The time taken for the water to rise depended on the density and the surface area of the paper in contact with the water. Increase in density of the paper in contact with water, increases the time taken for the water to rise up. Increase in the surface area of the paper in contact with water, decreases the time taken for the water to rise up. The water rises up faster when the water is hot as compared to when the water is cold.

00.82

Implications:

OSMOSIS

00.15

Even though we were able to understand techniques to create units which opened up due to temperature changes, we were not able to find a technique to reverse the movement. Hence, it was necessary to study the effect of temperature on sturdier materials which can be used for practical applications.

plastic

Material Change:

00.21

00.58 00.81 01.41 38

Prototypes were created using paper, plastic, mylar, copper and nitinol. Nitinol was selected due to its ability to contract on heating, large range of movement and elasticity. Different methods of assembly such as lamination, one point contact, change in shape due to pushing and pulling etc were explored.

Duplication: As the prototype was meant to cover a building facade, different assemblies were tried to study point of contact and effect of contraction and expansion. Different shapaes such as square, triangle, octagon, cross, stripes etc were studied. The aim was to study the overall look on multiplication.

Prototypes Prototype 1: The first prototype was based on one point contact between thenitinol and mylar. A composite strip was made of two pieces of mylar and a piece of nitinol in the middle. The current would be passed through the nitinol that is passed through the plastic tube. Whenever the current is passed through the nitinol, it heats up and contracts pulling the strip down.

Interpretation Center at Hampi, India Advisor : Arvind Adarkar Graduate Design Dissertation: 2007

Prototype 2:

mylar+ plastic +spring >>> 4 leafs

The problem with the first prototype was that the movement of the strip was unidirectional. Mylar’s elasticity would not always bring the strip back to its original state. Morever, the shading part of the prototype had to be refined to have a bigger surface area than a strip. In prototype 2, a spring was attached between the pulling point of the mylar and the top frame. Consequently, whenever the nitnol cooled down and became lose again, the spring would pull it back along with the mylar to its original position. A cross-form was selected instead of the strip for the shading part. This would leave both shaded and unshaded parts on the facade. The shape has a round base and its ‘leafs’ open up towards the perimeter. The form mimics the natural forms of leafs and flowers. The final prototype had a range of motion of 4 mm.

OUT NOW!!! on Bernard Tschumi Acropolis Museum

A Education, Interpretation and Interaction A Centre Centrefor for Education, Interpretation and Interaction Hampi, a World Heritage Site is recognized because of its unique archeological history. It has however been enlisted as an endangered site due to threats of encroachment and mismanagement. In response, a management plan has been prepared by UNESCO to protect the site. This included a proposal for a visitor centre. This design dissertation proposes a design for the Visitor Centre, an adjoining Museum Space and an Archaeological Research Centre. . It is designed with dynamic spaces which help visitors interpret and explore the character of Hampi. The site and project brief were detailed after an inspirational discussion with John Fritz, co-director of the Vijaynagar Research Project. The centre is a place for education, research, conservation, training and importantly recreation. It is hoped that development of such a centre will create awareness, activities and facilities for the sustainable growth of Hampi.

Interpretation of ‘Rise and Fall of Hampi’ The rise and fall of Hampi is interpretated along the main circulation axis. Each space is designed to interpret important phases in the evolution of the town. Hence, the building behaves as an exhibit itself. Phase 3 : 1800 A.D. - Present Discovery For 200 years, Hampi remained under ghost shadows. In 1800 A.D. Col. McKnee stumbled upon the Hampi ruins. Since then, both national and international efforts have been made to restore the town. It is currently listed as a World Heritage Site under the UNESCO declaration.

Plan at 2.5m

5 View towards ‘Discovery’ Arena

View of ‘Darkness to Light’ Gallery

Phase 2 : 1300 A.D. - 1500 A.D. The Empire Founded in 1336 A.D., Hampi saw a tumultuous rise and fall in a period spanning over 200 years. The golden period of Hampi lasted for about 30 years. With the increasing insurgence of the Mughal armies in the south, the empire crumbled within a shortspan.

6 5

View towards ‘Rise-Fall’ Gallery 2

The Visitor’s Centre

Phase 1 : 500-100 B.C. Origins

It is believed that various sites in and around Hampi, including the famous Matanga Hill, are featured in the great Hindu epic – The Ramayana.

17 16

1 0-Main Entrance it

1-Arrival Court

2-The Courtyard 3-Visitor Centre

4-Interpretation Exhibit

5-Interpretation Exhibit

6-Amphitheater

7-Workshop

8-Storage

9-Museum Lobby

10-Museum Exhib-

View towards ‘The Beginning’ Gallery

11-Auditorium 12-Restaurant 13-Old Fort Wall 14-Sunk Courtyard 15-Towards the WHS Site 16-Administration 17-Archaeological Research Center 18-Archaeological Pit 19-Interpretation Gallery

Section through Interpretation Axis

Section through Museum

7 9

Elevation of Archaeological Research Centre

Interior and Architecture Projects Project at: Miscellaneous Professional Work: 2007, 2008, 2009

The Museum

Archaeological Pit

Section AAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Exhibit Galleries

Section BBâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

South: Cavity walls with minimum openings clad with local granite stone provide protection from harsh sun-light

North: Large openings to take advantage of day-light (north) and view

Elevation of Museum

Project: Residential Bungalow, India Project: Residential Bungalow, India

Commercial and Residential Interiors Commmercial and Residential Interiors

‘Bring the Outside...Inside’

The designs followed the client briefs. Material were selected based on aesthetics as well as durability. Work was finished on time and within budget.

The concet was to design a bungalow that fit into the existing landscape. It was designed with elements such as overhanging lofts, sunk courtyards, connecting bridges, viewing towers, open air bathrooms and steeped skylights to create dynamic internal spaces.

Project: Zariwala Residence, Project: Zariwalla Residence, India India ‘Crafting the Interiors’

Loona Residence 46

Kalbadevi Office

The use of materials such as brass, acrylic, bricks, stone and wood were experimented with to design light fixtures, wall cladding and door handles. It led to innovative styling and detailing with new textures, patterns and colors.