P
rinting Processes
Manual
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C MY K
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RGB
Many students get confused with the difference between CMYK color mode and RGB color mode. They think that what they see on the computer screen is exactly what they are going to get when they go to print. The fact is that CMYK TO RGB are totally different things. RGB stands for red, green and blue. These are colors that you normally use to see color on a computer screen, cameras and scanners. You will have to convert RGB color mode to CMYK when getting ready to do a print job. They will not be used as a guide when it comes to printing. For printing you are to use CMYK color mode which stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and (key) which stands for black. This is very important to remember when preparing your files to be printed.
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Pantone
& Trumatch
Systems
Pantone matching system is the industry standard for color matching system. This is the accurate way to matching colors. There is many different colors to choose from in the Pantone color palette. It is used in the industry to print spot colors. Trumatch matching system is the 4 color palette system that designers use in the software such as Adobe programs InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop, pagemaker, CorelDraw and Quark (Quark X) press.
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Example of a raster image
VS Vector
Raster In the computer graphic design world raster graphics image is a dot matrix data structure that has pixels that make up the imsge. If you zoom in to a computer screen you will be able to see the pixels which are tiny boxes of color that make up the image. The image to the left is an example of a raster image.
A vector image is an image that uses geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes. All of which are based on mathematical movements to represent images in computer graphics. Vector images are usually illustrations created in programs like Adobe Illustrator, and CorelDraw. Different companies have different kinds of vector software.
Example of a vector image
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File Format G
PN
JPEG
TIFF
S P E PNG is another file format generally used for the web. It is the new way to bypass LZW compression. It can be used to print, but must have good print resolution for high quality.
AI In Graphic Design there are some file formats you will need to know. Lets start with JPEG which stands for Joint Photographic Expert group. JPEG is used quite a bit in design. A JPEG compresses a large file into a smaller size. Keep in mind that with a JPEG you will lose quality of an image and resolution.
EPS stands for Encapsulated Post Script and is used as a file extension for vector graphics. To be able to open this file format, you must have correct illustration software such as Adobe illustrator or other illustration program software in the market. PDF stands for Portable Document Format. It is used to caputure all the elements of a printed document as an electronic image that you can view, navigate, or send to someone.
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Different
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TYPEFACES
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Of course you have to keep in mind what typeface belongs with different projects. The typefaces beautifies a layout and can make a design look outstanding. People create their own typefaces and can make money by doing this. There is a lot of sites you can Last is AI which is an file extention download from the internet. Some sites that be opened in Adobe Illustrator. There quite a few other extentions used have free typefaces you can download and some you have to pay for. Just in Graphic design. depends what kind of typeface you are looking for and may like. TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. It is used to store raster images and used in Graphic Design and other professional careers that are related n using this format.
There are thousands of typefaces in todays day and age. They vary from thin to thick and small to large. Many styles are different in typography and how you place the type really matters in Graphic Design. There is no one right or wrong typeface to use. That all depends on the person designing.
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I
L T H G
R
O
A H P 10
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Y
Lithography printing process makes uses of grease and water. Litography is used in the commercial industry for offset printing. Lithography process is considered an art. In lithography a flat stone is used in a way that an image area attract the oil-based inks and nonimage wet areas repel the oil-based inks. When the stone is pressed against the surface to be printed on, the oily inked image leaves an imprint of the image being worked on.
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Offset printing is a process where an inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket and then printed on surface. This is a method of mass-production to print on media. The advantage of this type of printing is the consistent of high quality images. It can be used for large or small jobs. There are large rolls of paper that are sheet fed into this type of printing.
O
F F S E T 11
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TH
HY P A R G O ERM
EN E R SC
NG I T N PRI
Screen printing is the process where an image is burned on a screen with emulsion by setting an image on a exposure machine and the image creating the patteren of the art selected. Some what as photo being developed. After screen is burned they force ink through the pattern the image made with squeegee and ink. It can be used on lots of surfaces such as fabric, paper, metals, glass and plastics. Some screening process can do multiple colors in less than a few minutes. Some are capable of doing large amounts of substrates.
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TH
HY P A GR O M ER Thermographic printing refers to two types of printing, both of which rely on heat to create the letters or images on a sheet of paper. It is also referred to as faux engraving because it looks like that process of printing. The simplest type is where the paper has been coated with a material that changes color on heating. Resulting in a raised or three-dimensional print effect, this popular printing process attempts to emulate the finished quality of engraving. Thermography is a simple process used in conjunction with wet-ink printing press. The printed sheets coming off a press pass through a powder application, where resin is applied to the wet ink. The resin is then removed from all areas, except where it adheres to the wet ink.
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The paper is then heated causing the resin to melt and fuse to the ink. The substrate is then cooled, which finalizes the process.
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DYE SUBLIMATION
Dye sublimation is heated and then turned into gas which then bonds to the substrate. There are printers that vibrate the ink on instead of using heat to print. Since Dye sublination is activated with ink you do not want to use a printer that heats the ink. The printers for this printing process normally use a gel type of ink. The ink is printed on what is called a release paper. The paper is made to resist heat sublimation and then release the ink and it maintains minimal dot gain so theres no spread.
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XEROGRAPHY
Xerography is the process which black or colored powder adheres to substrate electronically charged. For example a laser printer printing is considered Xerography. It uses toner that is heated and printed. The pinter illimuinates a flash of light as the image is copied then it is printed. Fax machines, scanners , photo copiers and laser printers are all Xerography.
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GRAVURE
PRINTING
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Gravure printing is a type of intaglio printing process that involves the image to be engraved. You cannot have straight lines with Gravure printing. The process is very good for long runs. Examples of Gravure printing is currency, stamps and publications like sundays newspaper parade and wedding invitations.
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FLEXOG RA PH Y
Flexography is a modern version of letter press. It uses rubber instead of metal. It is used in printing almost anything such as, plastic, metallic films, and paper. Products the use flexography printing are food packages, wine bottle labels, plastic wraps like you see on soda bottles. The fast way to identify fleography is by looking for halo around the edges of the type.
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I
NKJET Inkjet printing also known as Digital Electronic- based Inkjet is commonly used in commercial or individual printing. From printing on paper substrates to canvas and heavy art paper. Some sources are banners, large output, high resolution photos and artwork. Most of the inkjet printers use a liquid form of ink. The professional world uses this type of printing but most commonly used by your average private user.
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Lenticular printing is a technology in which a lenticular lens is used to produce images with an illusion of depth, or the ability to change or move as the imaged is viewed from different angles. Examples are buttons advetising specialties, some 3d products and logos like coke bottle.
LENTICULAR 19
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LIND EMBOSSING
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Blind Embossing is when a substrate is raised to give the appereance of text or an image. It would kind of look and feel what blind people use to read (Braille). Some peopl have used it for logos and images on their projects. It is a clean and attractive way to print without ink.
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Foil Stamping is most seen in the commercial use. Its is an application where usually gold or silver foil is applied to a substrate. It uses heat to be applied to the design. Foil Stamping does not use any kinfd of ink. It is just like it sounds “Foil�. It can be used on graduation image invitations, wedding invitations or substrates that you may want foil on.
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RESIN Resin printing is used on soda cans, bottle soda, food packaging and paper. resin is used with ibks in todays graphic design printing. they are in oil-based inks for vehicles, for publications with Gravure inks and Lithographic and letter press inks.
PRINTING
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COIL Coil and comb are binding machines are used to bind plastic coils to bind documents. A spiral coil binding machine or electric spiral coil binding machine is perfect for business, home or office use. A binding machine is perfect for producing professional documents and materials that make a powerful statement without saying a word. Binding machines also offer quick and low cost ways to produce professional reports and are perfect for creating high quality reports, proposals and professional documents.
& COMB 23
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SPOT COATING
UV COATING
UV Coating can be printed on areas of the image (spot) or over the entire job. It is used on jobs printed on thick stock requiring a high glossy or other protective surface. A lot of advertising media use UV Coating . Spot UV is used to varnish different styles and layouts the designer may want. It can be one area of the layout. There three types of common protective coating. They are UV Coating , Varnish and Aqueous coating.
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SADDLE STITCHING
PERFECT BINDING
Perfect Binding and Saddle stitch are forms of binding used in the Graphic Design field. They can also be used for other people such as some one publishing a book. Perfect Binding is when the book is bound by gluing and the backs are cut off rather then being sewing. This way is a lot cheaper making a book. Saddle Stitching is done by driving two large staples to make a booklet or manual. There can also be multiple Saddle Stitching in a booklet or manual. It is usually done with a high professional machine.
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LAMI
Lamination is usually heat adhere to a surface. There are laminates that are self adhesive. Lamination can be used to protect a vehicle graphic, banner, acrylic prints, and regular prints. There is quite a few different types of substrates that can be used with the use of Lamination. It all depends on just what is needed to be protected.
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TI ON 27
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Special thanks from Rudie Gomez
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