VOLUME
IV NO. 3
MAY-JUNE
I I
illl
II
III
1986
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ISSN 0115-9097
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THE ESIA/WID MACRO COMPONENT PROJECT IIII
IIIII
III
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EDITOR'S NOTE: The formulation of the country's first medium- and long-term development plans formally institurionalized the planning cycles in government planning agencies. This development brought about the need to come up with mechanisms that would monitor the degree of achievement of specified targets in development plans. The efforts of the National Census and Statistics OJJice (NCSO) and the Development
II
II
I
Introduction The need for statistical information which could keep track of the developmerit processes has long been recognized
Academy of the Philippines (DAP) in the early 70s are noted in this area, as these agen- ; cies separately developed a set of indicators ro be used as guides for planning and _ evaluation of social development programs and the assessment of'social progress. In June 1978, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development (U.S.AJ.D.) and through the Philippine Institute fbr Development Studies (P1DS), sought to formulate a
in the country. In the early 70s, the Bureau of Census and Statistics Office (now the National Census and Statistics Office) developed a set of indicators intended to be used in the planning and assessment inof social develand the measureopment progr_s
is was clone through the setting up of the ECONOMIC AND SOCL4L IMPACT ANALYSISWOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT {ESIA/WID} PROJECT. Over a five-year period (1978-1983), the project aimed to help improve the economic and social wellI_mework being of thefor disadvantaged the establishment groups ofin impact the Philippines indicators indirectly also for by purposes strengthening of evaluation. government planning and evaluation capabilities. This required the development and testing of more effective methodologies for measuring and monitoring economic progress and social change; and [or assessing the impact of individual development projects, especially on the rural poor. This issue of the Development Research News brings attention to one of the major components of the ESIA/WID project .... the MACRO COMPONENT. Our guest writer is Generoso de Guzrnan, the Component's Deputy Pro/ect Manager, and c_rrently the Assistant Director of the Statistical Programs and Standards Staff of the NEDA. On another matter, we are also featuring the second installment of our 6ZEAR[NGHOUSE PROJECT ON STUDIES RELATED TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING IN THE PHILIPPINES. Studies included in this batch are those which have been submitted to us by various institutions since October 1985.
ment of social progress (BCS, 1973). The indicators covered a fairly wide spectrum of sociN welfare concerns (e.g., population, health, nutrition, housing, education and culture), but for each area of concern, they were limited to those which could be constructed on the basis of available data. Sometime in 1974, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), through its Economic Planning and Research Staff, initiated the preparation of a set of sectoral performance indicators as a tool for establishing quantifiable targets for assessing the performance of the various sectoral
q
"_' _NTENTS: TIlE ESIA/WID
'
' MACRO
'_ :
COMPONENT :
PROJECT
. ._
Q i • . . _ 4 _ i ......
PAGE
4 ...............
1
b _ . . . •
' =
!c;_DATE: i" '
!'
PUBLICAI-NSTO
; : ',_ O_OING _,_.-, ,¢_EI_e!ARS
......................
PROJECTS. ...... - ........................
................
.....................................
S
................................... , ...........................................
9 10
_ _,PID_BLICATIONS AVAILABLE ......... i ....................................... , ;.!i'!_A_G!tOUSE' SUPPLEMENT,.. ....... , .......... , .............................. :_::__SI_E!_IKI:I_IlB_IONS ............. ,,, ..... , ..... , ..... _.................................... II
II
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III
III
11 12-23 24 Illll
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A
PIDS DEVELOPMENT I I I
RESEARCRIWEWS I II
programs covered in the 1974-]977 Philippine Development Plan (NEDA, 1974). The data set included not only goal indicators but also measures to be used for evaluating the effectiveness of policy instruments. Further, from 1974 te 1976, the Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) undertook a comprehensive effort aimed at establishing national social indicators (Mangahas, 1976). This effort focused on nine broad categories, namely: health, productive resources, housing, public utilities, the environment, political participation, peace, social mobility and social order. Indicators were developed for each of these categories on the basis of relevance, comprehensiveness, and feasibility. However, the study was not speci-
III II
2 III
feasibility issues involved in prometing the extensive use of project progress and impact measurement systems at the regional level; 5. RESEARCH UTILIZATION Component - to test whether the methods of analysis for measuring and analyzing project progress and impact formulated by the MICRO Component can be used by government practitioners at the national level for ex-post evaluation of completed projects and for exante evaluation and prioritization of proposed projects.
MAY-JUNE 1986 I IIIIIIII I I
III Development System
of
the
E$IA
Indicator
The formulation of a macro-level ESIA indicator system involves the
Management of the Project and the overseeing of all the components were placed in the hands of the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS).
development of statistical indices to measure social and economic processes, including inputs, process flows and outputs. In this system, inputs relate to public programs and projects designed to achieve planned objectives; process flows cover delivery of goods and setvices to recipients; while final outputs refer to desired impacts on beneficiaries (One and Mark, 1982). Indicators relate to some areas of concern which may serve the purpose of curiosity, understanding or action. The indicators: (a) enable us to describe what the position is, or what changes
This brief note on the Macro Cornponent of the ESIA/WlD Project outlines in detail the objectives of the component and describes the indicators developed for purposes of measuring
have taken place in it; (b) provide us with data to explain why things are as they are or why certain changes have taken place; and (c) serve to show whether or not improvements are observed after
Recognizing the importance of enhancing the "capability of the Philippine government in monitoring and measuring economic progress, social change, and the impact of developmentprojects,"'the Philippine government (through NEDA) and the USAID agreed to undertake the Economic and Social Impact Analysis/ Women in Development (ESIA/WID) Project. The objectives of the Project,
and monitoring the degree of goal ackievement as identified in the country's development plans. Through this presentation, one could see the gains achieved by the ESIA/WID project in terms of establishing an indicator system and identifying statistical gaps that need to be covered by the present statistical system,
interventions are introduced (UN, 1975).
which was implemented through components, were as follows:
MACRO Component
System, the first essential step carried out was the identification of the goal areas or areas of concern whose developments one would want to keep close tab of. The 1978-1982 Philippine Development Plan served as the principal document in determining the areas of concern to be considered in the formulation of the monitoring indicators. The chapters of the Plan provided the breakdown of the macro, spatial and sectoral concerns of development.
fically development goals or social related areas ofto concern identified pinpointed in any admimstratively-approved government planning document,
ESIA/WID Project
five
1. MACRO Component - to develop, operate, and maintain a system of macro indicators for measuring and monitoring the degree of achievement of goals identified in the government's development plans; 2. WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WlD) Component - to determine, through a series of surveys and studies, the nature, extent and effect of women's participation in development; 3. MICRO Component - to develop methodologies and indicators for measuring and analyzing progress and impact; 4. REGLON VI identify
Component
administrative
project -
to
and other
The NEDA Statistical Coordination Office was tasked to implement the Macro Component. Specifically, this component aimed to: a) formulate a framework which wiU serve as a medium for drawing together the various quantitative measures of economic progress and social change in a systematic fashion; b) assess the existing statistical system; and c) develop and implement a statistical improvement program to meet the data requirements of the indicator system. Unlike previous works on indicators development, the Macro component effort was more policy- and action-
The development of indicators forq progress monitoring and impact analysis usually proceeds through a deductive process. It starts at the highest level of abstraction and proceeds downwards in the abstraction-specificity ladder to raw data(Chart 1). In setting up the macro ESIA Indicator
In the evolution of the system of indicators, the project used the following assumptions [Macro Component (2)] :
oriented. Specifically, the project was launched to develop and institutionalize a statistical monitoring system which will measure the degree of achievement of the targets set in the country's medium-
(a) The aspirations of the natior_ are prioritized in the development goals, which are articulated._
term development plan. I II I
(b) The
in the medium- and development plans; attainment
long-terha
of these
goals
......: .... .....
:
:
.... :._;_.L_;;_ [
....
.... : i : : : _oP-O[t\, _i _NTEGRATO_
.... ..;--._.: ....
.......
:
:
MOOEL
: Goal[Areas [: ::
.....
::: ....: CCN{.ERNS . :.: .....
...... :
.......... .... .... :
.... :
:
o:11¢
o:[
[;1]._
R,
was subsumed umJ.er "<[qnance'" wEtb Tra de_l:ogethe:rwith Ma:rlpowe"aEd Labor°
Subc0ncerns
was given equat ef_rphas:is,In reco_ titio_ ,of the rkm s JtmL_,ts('or a.'moro ec_ i1_1_ e cb f..[stributtcn of the fi:uil:sof deveJ.op.me_T_, d-re ESL:%Irtdicato:r System considered hoti.seho/d i:aco:rne exoendJl-ures and
......
:
: :.......
:: ::
::
: :
:
:
:
....
[_;aWa_to: : *_;..... _ : :: :: pupils
.............. : _t_,_i_ _ :: _r.h_o_ {]g_.
....
the ESIA Ind:ica._orsfra:mework as just.
:
: :
.... : ..... .....
...... ................... : .......
....
:
m -,i r.:wealth :oe..elo a.sa.
:
STATISTICS::
::
:.....: : : ::
: .....
t"esoll:t'oe
Wel:l%s.re and
.... :
......
_Va.teF
Lhe °'.l':lealto,,'sector: Ed.u.cadcm. and among __ocml;: ""' Infl:a.st:mcture was s]:n'ead
....
:
%_gri-
two remaini.ng subsectors .[nc].uded in the ].a.l:terchaFte,:r, was considered uIXbr
........ [:
c'.hapt:ers on
culture. Agra.r:ia::ll. 'Re"o'-'_ a']d .hldust:ry''_' aad the T>_.nsport and Co_<.u_t_icatioD SubSecto o £(_e '_'htfrastrucLure'" e.hapte:r, were deemed part of this deveDpment cot]cern_
:
:: i
l:ogeth.e.r with the
....
CHA_{r _..
.....
a:{'eas of co'l_cern(De Gu,zman, I985). These eco:no:m:icand soc:ia.],areas of concerns are ].:hiked ['oge-l::het" in[o a m'ff{l,'ir]g: socio-econcm:i.c {,:once:ptu,_.l fra.mework (Charl 2, po 4), For i,nsta:f_ce:, a primary target of t'he ,De]_'diot)v_e_tt .[f;:_'_ is to eradici:rte .poverty by r:dsin_ "1 -_
.L_. o,,,..-..m_ >.,<-.,._s ot-..'_I.>bo_r_ o-r-_:I_e
L.AOOS_
population;
rnar_fes<_tions
of
w'hic]:_
could be the at_a:i'nme:wl: o.["bettet"hea]th, educad(m, ']_o]tsillg a]:ac[ env:[ronment.
.... : (xm..... [ be monitored level ......
on
--.,
a 11.la:cro:, : :,,,,.
,, _
...............
' I -)78) "
p
the ...... .....
.............d_o devdoi> in the the
oublic order ss welt as 1::heprov:[sion of to special disadv:arl.taged social s_.l._t_.,::, ""'/- ....
ro,. ps. T.h.s..,>ior so(,:: al
develomn m
goa].s are prernJsed'o.ot ort.D on expanding : : :_ibcegsary tlie ::14, chatsH:ersof ........ prod.ucl:ior_ 'activit:ies_ emplo'vmem op,: ............ ....: :: : the f: • .......... por_unities: and income ger'_eratiorzbu[ : : s' [,tsl.[gt.,,_.,o,:::: ,:* , .,6_'_ent .,....... Goals ' , _ :a-. a/( St ategtes ' "'; Regional _, . , Oe_e _..,. opmc;lt :.: .: : also reducing income inequalities, .... .....WJ],ICij . ........ arid Ht :11ali SettenaeD.[s gra'ne_xork: ....... In ef![\'<:L, this ne:cessitai:es a h:[gh bu.[: consll,lll IQ CL:ISCQsS1OJQS; re,, ..... " ...... ..... ' • • ' sU:i:ie,:d
......
;o{fi!e:v{si0:ns olf't:he s tct_'I_ a_ ,,'_ _ .. :: the Macro Lomt,_on<,nrs , _ finally adopted= " areas off : ' :...... '-0 ....... _
Agdcultt re m:id:Ag: aria:.nReform • Natural and ......... .... .,.... ..... Manage_ me::":t :" ]_dus I[ade " a_d T, ]C]_iIlSl]] :': :' ':'3, ',": ', :' E*iergv: Infrastructure: Science and Techo .....
.<i:al::Resom.,ces:E:nei:gv: Era.[_;ome -Fxt_ea
Man]?ower and Labor; Housing; Popm afion at( Social Servicegl DeVelopme at
::Trade :'q{_i .... .-a.n_[:: }neai{:::: ............. Order;:::::
Fi.r,_,r, ce; Foret g'_
ba a_ seal econornic growth whic:h i:n 1:urn:must be suppo.i:fled by proper [,ea_>, ....... ...... " .... eial aad im,'estmem: __:_olb.ies and efficJeni: trti]h:al:ion o.f lirnited, natu.t"al aad ener>y resources .... xMI diese factors interact
nology;_Jea,lth a,'_d. Nutrition; m_u.c_,tio_,
Finar_cirn_; and .... and Environ>, .... tra don. : ...... ..... ::::Socia.] weir'are and ......... , • ........... .....:m the, ES.L,Xh'zdzcato: ........ hoduct.to:rt iment: and Pub'H.c System refers 1:oa].l a.ci:ivities re].ated to
[Mac_"0 Com._ t:he generation and: disposit:io:l?,of goods ..... a _(1 serv ces in the economy, As such, Ve]"v dose parallelism coukl be 0b........ the Chaptet: on served ....... bel:weer_ the l':,SI.,k ;fndicato:c "Deve:.opment Goals: and ,_t_ateg.t_.s S.......... _."
....
: togel:her: \v:{tl'_inim
direct and inclirect ways intevrated socio-eco:no:mic
d.evek)pm_irrt p_),. (<.],
ocess tMa<r. ...... Con'po')e_a. ....
.... ]A;scribingDevel0prr_e'_'tt(:;,o_'ds The goal and (:le've'lopmenl:ot>je<:ives of each devetopmenl: d:trus are ar icub:ed in t:he .Pta,a document, The goals are stateme:nts wh.ich describe the nature
: : PIDSDEVELOPMEN] :i::: i
RESEAR£,
ventio:iis o:n
_,,:WS .....
concern.: These
........
sgateme.n.ts
i : gi'ow:tit{.:; ..... imen(: :of
develop., De_pel_idil_i!i :0:_: the:
::
......
of dew-].6p:ltieiit:: dlmllefiges: in tlie .... could :be::: [fie,rarctxieally: :dat.egorized: as : gotls::s*lb_oa _:i > s or s={ib:subg:oa[s Specie .... •fie ,. :a_Feiienls::o":qoas s[ _go ls m:d .......... ,....... _ , sub4_tbgbas we'e (educe¢ l:om he .... " "-" .... : .... sct},r,t_ s(ttlo_s cn strate.ges, Iv (,t{s. ........ : ..... ....
:
......
_. .............. 1.2,-- Stimutatio'n o:f _:lemand and e:fi%ctin_ of
:
.....
:
gr0ivth_ : -du0.tion
::
:
:
maierial
two
the sU ii)Iv of :raw requireme!ats
demand side; on i:he oth{,,.t'hazid., could be: assessed by analvzin:a the beha_4.or 0£ c.oi'_sumption, investment and exl?or:ts.,
.....
......
i
:
i
:
............ ............. :: ::iI ...... :
I1C_:Ft;IO]2
CSLSITeQ.,,
i 12).ese
:
l-rUv_uc;G
t:£,u
v,i;a._
. , link in t.he tol:mu.[atmn oI: the. a.pproprzate goal :nonitoring in.dicakors_ IL shouM be emptaasized, however, thst wh.ile a aivei_ inte,_:ve_atior_ m%_ have bee_ :[d.e_tified to address to a. specific cha_enge., the said ir_t:ervention would also :result in eflfer{s tha_ are: (a} direct and :i_d.ireCt (b) il.}l:e_d.eda_dunintended, m_d (c) short..term and lo:_g-term, aot only' in thai: __a.r:ic_lar concern but in other areas aS well An i]lus!:ratio,n o£h0w tl_e Ho.'_.ad0c> ment is dissected to iden.ti:{y the goal, subg0al and. the :phu'med inte.]zrentions_ to effect the desired change is show_ t.i:e matrix ,onpage 5. Thereafte:r_ these
.......... :
:: :
P/'apoiz:ting key ¢]:amcteristies, variables or d.eter_Nmmts
i
i
i:::
1986
sO_ai :d6'nst._q?l on exof i:]le socio_ penditta'es a,qd i_T,est- ..... ecol"to:mic "/'s3st(,m; t;0 actJeve ttne desired ....._ients _ "'_ • _..32..),i'_ornlaHv a_,<.... ' " ...........ou:c*..llle _.t-l.oi'r]iL t.l'lese ? _ Greater suu-( i_it< v_ltio:_ wou [ ,22ozttain ke/cha_ac ....... r ...... . " .... a_ _',} ....... • i 2 " " } ,, ,:" . :::: : ):" ............. inVeslme_Tts10 =G_,,:/P Y_:,Hbl; s -'. es u£. vaz-laDses ..... _. , wcl_ltc± _",,,_ mu.l.a wu_cJ2 ...... ¢ " - Lxp, t,,_to: o{ . .,, . ...... , _ _, "" ....... (2_lce tile ,#llreclilo!l {5t' Q:(,, l'latklre o212 l'l:c, 1. ctl _
increased prostru:tural .......: : :cha:nges i1'_ tlt_. SecI:oral; composition o:f :: Rm:.dchanges h_Sec_0ral do:rnestic Supply Could be more speci., : comp0sition of do.me> i :{iC_tHvmeasured BY determ:h:i_:_gcha,_,,ees tic SUl?pl>' :1i:a both labo:r and capital produci:i'vity .... ......Sub SubgoaT 1 _ h_e"e{ae:d 5'1"o- as well as ia the s:hiTfi:s the cc,mpositio_:_ ii : of the available supply' o17consu:mer and : i .I.t2;-_,. t,,reatur sell irrte:rmed:iate goods, Change.s o._:._the :: ....
MAY-JUNE
structu:ra[c0:mposiC_on cha.l_ges or'm]]:.... ha ttle deve opraenl pkn'_ing:processes. sectot'al al?v o11e o:- a. £_l'la }," :: :: : de_aad .... ..... co:mbinati6_ ot" ttieor di:fl_ere_t Sub-sub,._oaI-1,2,1. lm.lreased perpo].ic:ies_:pr6grams proiec:s strategies, ahned at
,
:
:
i
..... Usirg the Production _eelo_ ot t_e ...... _., .... ..... .......... " .... [he a ant, su> : ES/A:l'.n:diea_:o]as il'[ustra_ion: ..... : :groWth: C0uld l_o :nea.:G0al: ::i:].i;] Al£tak.L17i<:::i:tt: 0f: a i?igh sured t'relU ci::_ : the suppl.y c0:rc?emmad : : :a:_d: ecoii0_,_ic side of process, thf..,.s.,the: :: :
:
....
r PIDS DEVELOPMENT Illl
II
RESEAR(J.,-vp-,,,EWS
5
ill
-
Lnterventions are analyzed to determine Ule direct, indirect, intended or unintend_rdand where possible, the short-term and .ong-term effects of the interventions. The effects are classified into key and other socio-economic determinants. Key determinants refer to the direct acid intended (both short- and long-term) effects of the intervention on the area of concern. Possible effects of the in-
1.986
....... Goal Sustained Economic Growth
Intervention
Key
Other
Subgoal
(Strategy, Percy
- .......... 1. Balanced Growth Strategy
Determinant
determinants economic
Programs inAgro-
BasedIndustries; Agricultural
Reducedgap in regional development;
Among
development
Increased
opportunities;
Sectors&
that exploits
regionalpro-
Regions
potential
Increased demandfor soci',dinfrastructure;
tervention on other concerns ace lumped under the column "Other socio-economic determinants", Criteria for Selecting Indicators
2. Self-sufficiency and Productivity
Relevance, comprehensiveness and fea-
in Agricultural production
sibility were the guideposts used by the DAP Social Indicators Project in selecting their own sets of indicators. They added that "since indicators must be useful not only to technicians but also greater pubhc, they should be to interpret" (Mangahas, 1976). disciples of the social indicators
MAY-JUNE
.........
Program)
and
â&#x20AC;˘
ductivity;
s"ocio-'
Increased regional employment
comparative regional
Changesin sectoralpro-
advantages;
duction
Improved
Improvedefficiency and competitiveness of servicesector_
structure,
income distribution.
Import substitution; Changesin Export development; production
Improved health and
Pricingand distribution systems;Credit schemes,Off-farm
technology; Increased
socialstatus; Increased
productivity; Improved
nationalism; Improved
prices, improved
income
employment,
marketing;
to the simple Other move-
Exploitation
of resources,
distribution;
Increased demandfor socialinfrastructure; Changes in environment and human settlements.
ment, however, question the inclusion of feasibility as a criterion in the selection of indicators. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), for one, argued that current data availability should not be the deciding factor in choosing social indicators because it was precisely the
5. The indicator should reflect actual changes in absolute levels or trends related to the conditions implicit in the goals or areas of concern [sensitivity] ; and
Moreover, while output-target relationship measures effectiveness which is of central interest to government, we are nevertheless also interested in efficiency (or productivity), which is the
deficiency in information which inspired a broader approach via social indicators,
6. The indicator should measure Fmal impact of outcomes rather than
input-output relationship. Finally, it is not always practicable to come out
The Macro Component of the ESIA/ WlD Project, meanwhile, adopted the following criteria for selecting the ESIA Indicators [Macro Component (2)] : 1. The indicator can be expressed in terms of quantitative measures [measurability]; 2. The indicator can definitely measure a specific attribute or characteristic for the purpose of determining the extent to which an objective has been attained [appro_ priateness]; 3. The indicator should incorporate as much information of a given area of concern as possible [cornprehensiveness] ;
inputs [impact-orientation]. While there should be no arguments on the adoption in full of the criteria 1 to 5, some points could be raised against the view on impact orientation of the indicator, It is recognized that effects of the interventions do not occur all at the same time. There is a hierarchy of outputs which could be considered as intermediate outputs at different levels. For example, increasing the number of graduating teachers is the explicit
with good output measures, hence, input proxies become unavoidable. It should also be emphasized that while all quantitative indicators could be correctly classified as statistics, the reCerse is not always true. Population per se, or land area of a municipality ace not considered as valid indicators. Population density expressed as the nmnber of persons per square kilometer, however, is an accepted indicator for congestion(De Guzman, 1985). In general, indicators are highly aggregative statistics which provide concise, comprehensive and balanced judgements about the conditions of the major aspects of society, and provide direct measures of welfare and outputs.
4. The indicator should be responsive
output of the higher education program; at the same time, this is an input to the goal of increasing the literacy levels of Filipinos. To conffme the indicators, to the higher-order outputs would deprive the indicators of the
and relevant in its attempt to monitor existing pohcy objectives [relevance] ; |111111 III I II
role of monitoring and evaluation of public programs and may render them of limited use to project managers, II I I I
The type of statistical indicator which will suit the requirements of the user will vary depending on how, where, or why he I
Typology and Formulation of Indicators
PIDS DEVELOPMENT
R
EsEXRct ,............. EWS
.........
values; ou*put, inproductivity, income, emPl0yment; side,effect indicators like popuigramJeVaiuation indicators. These dassb : lation size, spatial distribut.iom health fications; ihoweve_; are mutually condition, etc:: and secon&orderimpact ...... exclusive in:the sense that adescriptiVei::indicators such as standard of living, : typell h{die:at0r such aS:_m index of farm:: produCtivitymay be:Used as a basis Depending on how they are construcpreciictingi: level 0t7 production indicators may also be classified as evaluating:the impact of the agri_ eitlier simple indicators Or synthetic cultural credit program.: indicators, Siiriple indica{ors are of the : ly claSsifi6d::as:....(a) descriptive
(b)like
Another way of clustering the h'tdicators iS illus:ira.ted in a higt__ly:sire-
traditional data series type Such as fire : number of entering elementary sch.ool
plified:sdrenmti:c, presentation oftheJa_tera pupfls in successive school years, Synthe, rela'ti0.nship : 0{" an: interactive: social :-tic: indicators; on the Other band, are system:m0del (Chart3 below) c0rtstruc.ts from :data series involving ttmt Chart 3:is used t0 i a:greater 0:i:iesser amount of processing. describe : iiii_processes in:.the tndus:ry : An example oC a synthetic indicator ..... Sec':or ::One: c0nld th.erlspecify:polic3>:: ::: whirl1 is derived through an elementary ins'mm, entindicators as relating to: i proee:ssing (e,g., division) of two data. monetary:, i:physical and i{:anpower re_ series is the elementary school enrof .... sources, stictI as capital, labo r force, Circ.; i meier: rate; the consumer price index non-manipulable indicators such as work would f_fll 'under the category of a sta............ : .... i: : : : : : :EXOGENOUS : INDUSTRY INTEGRATION ENDOGENOUS INTERAC'TWE MODEL VARIABLES [ VARIABLES i : I:
::::7 7
......
.....
......
......
output Descrip*ive
Degcriptive: W.fi,bi,, :
,
ii
ii
....
: .....:::
.... ::
:
....
::
.........: Descriptive Voriclble_
....... ..... ...:
.........
.....
,.... \
: ....
: __ i
....
::
"', .........
:
....
: ::i:: .....:
i
: ::
: :
Analytki : : indicaters
..........
:::
....
Order
Impact
....
....
:
:::ANALYTIC: : iNTEGRATiON MODEL
tiStical construct requiring a :more cornplicated p:rocessh'_g of a eombina.tio I of data series. : Synthetic indicators or collstriicts :may be :Formulated using any one or a coma bination of the lbllowh_g methods: (a) proportions percentages ratios, rates; (b) mea:lls and medians; (c) measures of dispersim_, including range, fractiles meal an.d Standard deviations, skewness, kurtosis and the Gini coefficient; _md (d) index numbers. ESIA Indicator Scheme
S_st".' em Classffieatmn' " .....
After f0rmulatiug tlne: fi'amework for the re, sir Indicator System, the last step is to demonstrate that such a system is in fact feasible, This requires an assess'meier of the capability of tire statistical. system to sustain the data. requiremm_ts of the Indicator System. Ttle successikfl maintenance of the ESIA l:ndicator System requires sustained data support. Reliance should be given to ongoing and continuing data systems
quisite data System. The ESIA iilputs Indicator to the Data Indicator Clas째 sification Scl:ferne is give:u below [Macro Component (2)] :
i
Side effect
X
1986
rather than to the a&h0c one-shot type{" data C011ectionactivities. As part of the ES/A 1.'ndieat0r System housekeeping procedures the Macro Component developed a classificatio_: scheme for the indicators and the re-
....... .........
...... :
:MAY-JUNE
..... .......
referS: to indiCatOrs WhOse Val:iables ;ire still to be identified or _vhere the appropriate fornaula is Still tO be devel0ped .... Type I - refei:'s*0 i.ndicatorS wherein 'it:e requisite data are available in the desired 17requencya'nd disa.ggregation. Type '_:--- tlne data required are available in tlae desired frequency mad disaggregation but arc' beset with some linaitat_ons such a.s unreliability Of dat.'.t due to undercoverage or data are .'-waftable as part of a broader classification but no breakdown is available. TYpe 3 -Da:ta are: not avai]able :it: ......... ihe desh'ed:tkcquency ........ Type 4 - Data are: ::or available irl the desired disaD;regati0n, Type 5 -Other problemsin data ava.i:labiiity_ Type 6 _ Dr:tar:are not available in any form. ...... :
PIDS DEVELOPMENT
RESEAR[.-_-. _NEWS
This classification scheme is very aseful in determining and identifying data gaps and problems affecting the development of the indicators. More)ver, with the help of the classification ;eheme, appropriate statistical developnent programs could be prepared to supJort the data needs and further enrich _.heESIA hldicators System.
7
MAY-JUNE
1986
TABLE l : ESIA MACRO INDICATORS BY GOAL AREA. Goal Area 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Key Indicators
Total
Supportive Indicators
18 26 11 17 29
13 6 2 6 5
5 20 9 11 24
In its present form, the ESIA InJicator System contains a total of 297 ndicators - 100 key and 197 supportive.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Production Finance Foreign Trade Energy Resources Natural Resources Household Income, Expenditure and Wealth Employment Population Health Education Housing and Environment SocialWelfare and
25 22 12 22 29 35
3 11 8 12 8 16
22 11 4 10 21 19
breakdown of these indicators by _,oal area is shown in Table 1. [Macro
13.
Community Development Public Order, Safety and Justice
35 16
6 4
29 12
297
100
197
Chart 4 presents examples of the ndicator framework for Agriculture, industry, Natural Resources and Environnent, and Social Services.
3omponent (2)] :
ALL SECTORS
_'A;='ES ,',_'_',_ Improve pcoducflvlty in agrlculture
AGRICULTUR
Promote Rational Price System
a)Labor Productivity Index
I
GVA in Agriculture, Labor Force inagricuJture GVA in Agriculture, Area
NAS,NEDA NCSO, BAECON
Region, Type of Crops
Semestrcll_ Annual
b) Farm Productivity Index
I
NAS, N E DA BAECON
Region, Type of CrOps
Semestral, Annual
BAECON
Region, Type of Crops
Quarterly
2
Prices paid Ek re_ " ceived by farmers
IntenslfYBxport '" ExpOrt Quantum 8tValue '_ promotion Program Indices promote Industry Production Index Dispersal Program a)Volue of production Index b)Volume of oroduction c) Output per worker Index
5
ValueandQuantlty of Exports
2
Value _ Quantity of Production,Employed Labor Force
..
SOCIAL
FREQUENCY
Agricultural Termso) ......... Trade Index
"I_IATURAL promote Efficient RESOURCES and dudiclous use of Natural AND ENVIResources RONMENT
SERVICES
] DISAGGRE]_ GATION
Agrl¢ultural Productivlty Index
_'
INDUSTRY
SoURCESof DATA
:_._:
Increase Access to Health it Nutrltlon Services
.
Commodity,Country
NCSO, N EDA
Rate
Monthly Quarterly
. ..........
Total
Medical - Health Worker Ratio to Population
Literacy
Monthly
Region, Industry
.
Land Use Index
Land Area
4
Total Area of Classifted Land-Use Total Area of Actual Land _Use
5
Population No. of Health Workers
Percentage of Undernourished population Provide &Improve broad General Education
_NCSO
5
Region, Land Use Classification
Annual
NCSO, MOH
Region, Urban / Rural, Type of Health Worker
Annual
Population, Undernourished population
NCSO, FNRI MOH
Region,Urban/ Rural, Sex, Age
Annual
Populatlon_ Literate Population
NCSO, MECS
Region, Urban/ Rural, Age Group, Sex
Annual
........
BFD, BL
,....
i
CHART 4. ESIA INDICATORSFOR AGRICULTURE,INDUSTRY,NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SERVICES
m.
JR
I
Bill
IIII
illll
III
III
i
I PIDS DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCHI_._WS
8
MAY-JUNE
.................
Problems andIssnes While
the
present
areas like nutrition and environment would be very useful (Koppel, et al., ESIA
Indicator
1982).
System has succeeded in covering the broad spectrum of economic and social development concerns, it does not however, claim to have succeeded in making an exhaustive presentation of all the concerns of development. For one, the ESIA Indicators did not provide specific indicators on poverty incidence. Development on the staffstics about poverty has not been thorough and, at best, only rough indications can be drawn up to show the incidence of poverty in the country (MACRO Component, 1982). As a surrogate, the ESIA Indicator System simply presented indicators on the bottom 30 percent of the population. It seems, however, that this is not really a very satisfactory compromise as economists, planners, policymakers, and other social scientists have been continuously asking for a more exacting measure of the extent of poverty in
Finally, the pace of development of tile economic and social monitoring and impact indicators depend to a great extent on the ability of the Philippine Statistical System to react quickly to the fast tempo of developmentprocesses.
the country. Under the present government, the eradication of poverty has been placed on top of the agenda for reforms. Thus, it has now become imperative that a definite poverty line be established for the country in order that a more objective measure of assessing the incidence of poverty could be made.
Herrin, A.N., 1985: "Regional Challenges and Strategies: Sectoral Analysis" POPDEV Reports Paper No. 2.
Another gap in the ESIA Indicator System is the absence of perception-
REFERENCES Bureau of Census and Statistics (BCS), 1973_Social Indicators. De Guzman, Generoso G., ]985. Popdev Integration in Monitoring and Evaluation (unpubfished). ___ , 1982. "The Development of an Indicator System for Planning of an Indicator System for Planning - The ESIA/WlD Experience." Paper delivered at the Workshop on the Social Science and Development Planning, Cebu City.
Macro Component (l). Working Papers Nos. l, 2, 3, 4, and 5. System:
major argument against their inclusion. However, it is for this same reason that many people consider these types of indicators important in gauging the effectiveness of government programs and projects in improving the economic and social conditions of the population
and across the areas of concern could be developed. For the agencies monitoring agricultural production, for example, some notion of how increased agricultural output impinges on other goal
(2). ESIA Indicator Concepts, Framework and
Data Sources.
I
Philippine
, 1984. 1984-1987 Updated Philippine Development Plan. , 1982. Social Development in the Philippines, 1970-1980. Ono, Mitsuo and Shelly Mark, 1982. Final Report of Foreign Consultants Assisting the Macro Component in the Development of the ESIA Indicator System, Economic and Social Impact Analysis/Women in Development (ESIA/WIDJPro]ect. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, ]982. Implementation Plan: Economic and Social ImpactAnalysis/ Women in Development {ESIA/WID) Project. United Nations, 1975. Towards aSystem of Social and Economic Statistics. New York. I10
UlF
(3). ESIA Revised Data Sheets.
Indicators
, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984. Economic and Social Indicators.
ESIA/WID
, 1982. Final Report Project-Macro Component.
Mangahas, Mahar K. (ed.) 1976. Measuring Philippine Development. Manila: Development Academy of the Philippines, NEDA, 1974. .1974-1977 Development Plan.
ll!l IHH
NEW
Philippine
, 1978. 1978-1982 PhilippineDevelopment Plan.
PUBLICATIONS
Trade Liberalization Experience Philippines: 1960-1984. by:
...........
il
, 1983. 1983-1987 Development Plan.
Koppel, Bruce, et al., 1982. Special Evaluation Report on the Economic and Social ImpactAnalysis/Women in Development Project (ESIA/WID).
type indicators in the framework. The subjectivity of these indicators was the
(Macro Component, 1982). The strides attained by the Macro Component in the development of an indicator system would have more impact if an integrating framework, which would objectively measure or show the linkages among the indicators, within
1986
|, ,ram
in the
Florian Alburo and Geoffrey Shepherd Deputy Director-General, NEDA and Senior Fellow, Science Policy
Research Unit, University of Sussex, respectively. Working Paper Series No. 86-01 The study traces the evolution of policies and/or factors which influenced the process of implementing a trade liberalization policy in the Philippines for the period of 1960-1984. Starting with a description of the Philippine economy's d attributes, in terms of population and_ labor force, investment, capital and industry characteristics, the study goes on to describe observable long.term policy patterns, using several commercial and financial indicators to discern the degree I
III
PIDS DEVELOPMENT
RESEAR_wl II
NEWS
of restriction or liberalization pursued by the country. Succeeding chapters lengthily discuss the episodes of foreign exchange de-control, devaluation and the growth of non-traditional exports, and the initial stages of the implementation the Tariff Reform Program.
Economic
Recovery
And
9 I
I!
IL
ON"GOING PROJECTS
of
Long-Run
1.7orianA. Alburo, et al.
time series analysis. Other methods used included regression analysis, statistical tests of hypothesis and multivariate analysis.
The Sociocultural Bases of DecisionMaking at the Local Levd: The Case of the Bieol River Basin Development
by: BMS Data Improvement (BMSDIA) First Phase
Activity
The volume is the first of a twovolume report which presents a package of proposed structural reforms for consideration of the new government as it draws a new development plan
by." Sonia Imperial
aiming to achieve economic recovery in the short-term and sustainable growth in the long-term. The guiding principles behind the proposals are respect for
national Development (U.S.A.I.D.)was in response to the urgent need to iraprove the data reliability and t, sefuiness of the Bicol Multi-purpose Survey of
human rights, social justice and poverty alleviation, growth and greater efficiency, and a minimum of government intervention. The strategy proposedis employment-oriented and adopts a rural-based type of development. The success of the proposed economic program contained in this report is hinged on the successful adoption and implementation of reforms in certain areas of concern, (i.e., external
1978 and 1983 for the Bicol River Basin Development Project. The research and evaluation potentials of the BMSDIA are seen as necessa.ry to improve and ensure the consistency and completeness of raw data and data files for each component survey of the BMS 1978 and 1983, and at the same time, to create BMS sub-files which researchers will fred easier to understand and utilize.
debt, monetaiy policy, fiscal policy, structure of government, distributive justice, population and basic services, and labor and employment) which will set the stage for agricultural and industrial development. Once the policy regime is neutralized, the country will then enjoy a comparative advantage in agriculture to be further supported by trade and industry.
MAY-JUNE 1986 I I I
Program
Growth: Agenda for Reforms, Volume I (Main Report) by:
I II11
The Bicol Multi-purpose Survey Data Improvement Activity (BMSDIA), as initiated by tile U.S. Agency for Inter-
Cesarina Re]ante Visiting Research Associate Philippine Institute for Development Studies
The study attempts to identify the structure and function of social goals, roles and rules in determining planning decisions made at the local/municipal level. The prhnary objective is to generate new hypotheses and concepts about decision-making behavior and processes, either on the basis of-direct observation or interviews with local officials at the project site. The study identifies significant social sub-groupings of local officials and implementing agency representatives who serve as reference groups for analyzingbehavior. patterns of local level decision-making
Financial Liberalization and Interest Rate Determination: The Case of the Philippines, 1981-1986
A Study of the Consumer Price Index, Retail Price Index, General Wholesale Price Index, and Producer Price Index for Manufaetttring
by:
by:
The study examines how interest rates are determined in the case of a small open economy like the Philippines once the financial market has been liberalized. Using monthly data for the period 1981-1986, the study focuses on the influences of both domestic monetary policy and open economy factors (e.g. foreign interest rates and the expected rate of change of the exchange rate) on domestic interest rates. From a policy perspective, understanding the manner in which these influences affect local interest
VirginiaN. Gafiac Visiting Research Associate Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Headed by Dr. Florian Alburo (Task Force Report Chairman), the authors were able to infuse into the report the views and opinions of individuals from the academe, government and
The project aims to describe and examine the development of the consumer price index, retail price index, general wholesale price index and the
the private sector. Several institutions also supported or lent assistance to the report. Other than the PIDS and the ,NEDA, the institutions involved were the U.P. School of Economics, the
producer price index for manufacturing, It provides an in-depth study on the various changes in the concepts and methodologies employed in the computation of the indices. These sets of
International Food Policy Research institute, the Institute for Developing Economies, and the hrternational Labour Organization. I
consistent data series are useful for undertaking analytical studies on price trends. In the analysis of the data series, the types of statistical tests used were II IIIII IIIIIlllll
Ma. Socorro H. Gochoco Visiting Research Fellow Philippinelnstitute/br Development Studies
rates contributes to current knowledge on how interest rate changes affect, in turn, savings and investment, the balanceof-payments and economic growth.
4
PI DS DEVE LOPMENT
R ESEARC_
,,,.:WS
10
MAY-JUN IIIIIIIII
SEMINARS i_
Seminar-WorkshoponEeonomieReeovery and Long-Run Growth: Agenda for Reforms A seminar-workshop on "Economic Recovery and Long-Run GrOwth: An Agenda for Reforms" was organized and sponsored by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) on May 24, 1986 at the PSSC Auditorium in Diliman, Quezon City. The forum brought into public focus and scrutiny the results of a major study undertaken by a group of scholars from the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), the University of the Philippines School of Economics and the National Economic and Development Authority_NEDA). The seminarstarted with a plenary session, after which the group broke into four working groups. Group i covered the area of external debt, monetary policy and the financial system; fiscal policy and the structure of government. Group II concentrated on distributive justice, population and basic services, and labor and employmont. Group IIl, on the other hand, dis.... cussed agriculture and rural development, while Group IV handled industry and trade development .... Mrs.. Solita Coll_s-Monsod, DirectorGeneral of the NEDA and Minister of Economic Planning, opened the discussion while Dr. Florian Alburo, Chairman of the Task Force and Associate Professor of the UP School of Economics, presented the highlights of the proposed economic program contained
Enterprises Most timely in the calendar of seminars of the Institute is a seminar on "Philippine Public Enterprises" held on
E 1986 IIIII
May 2%30, 1986. Touching on 'various
porations";
sensitive issues affecting government corporations, the forum brought together the highlights of the individual papers
"A Framework for Evaluating Public, Enterprise Performance". The second day of the seminar was
nomic Overview of Public Enterprises in Philippines, Gabriel of the Rosario Manasan 1975-1984; on "A MacroecoIglesias on "Policy Issues in the Coordination and Control of Public En-
agenda for future research and recom. mendations for discussion action regarding the devoted to the of a possible various aspects of pubhc enterprises.
and lastly, Carol Guina on
terprises in the Philippines, Focus on the NPC, MWSS, PNOC and SPDA"; Juanita Amatong on "Explicit Budgetary Contributions of the National
Fortheoming seminars: July - "Factors Affecting the Choice of 24 Location: A Survey of Foreign
Government to Government Corporations"; Amelia Ancog on "A Survey of the Coordination and Control Systems of Selected Public Enterprises: FSDC, LWUA, HFC and PVTA"; Leonor Bfiones on "Financial Management in Five Selected Public Utility/Infrastructure Cor-
and Local Firms in the Philippines." by Ernesto Pernia and Alejandro Herrin -"Expenditures for Infrastructure and Social Services in Two Regions of the Philippines." by Ledivina V. Carifio
30
Ministry ,_ _._p,.,_-t;o_.... d _........ _o_.J.... _-__capital °_ _:.._-...L.s t]at2onal Region ,_i___ 2aoz SWOR_] '_'P?',_'PHENT
vh.... do_-_,_._.. Jmnna r,r. n_u_o_m_a_gA..cmm_• w_
_1---.
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,; t)"
Of
_..d2!-.catior,_)
_.... _rr .......... .'.;= 7,_-:_.i...._.-..:.._:_:........_.. _ -.--_,._a_.- ............... .!'_-,,:'.:._.:. _,-........._:'._/ _t _ /0£'{r.£c6 _:! _.', :!J c_:.on) . • _fter _.... _ ...... _,?,_--_ ........... _.........'_ :_,..'.._.......w _b_i_ the followinQ _tc_u_.._,,,c .,[._,,;ner_,_.'_z. ' .,. n: - 7--c_t.. ci_-c,i!_ttion$ o_o. _,_c_.,±_ _..a,_:_ ,:.:__,._ ._"<. -_ .:,..-.:.-_:,_ _-,_co,_o_._,_,,_ Act _o. 201. _.-._ _=_sss _, "_'%'_-.-..---'-'=r=_. :_-.,_,,_... Du_ine55 M_snoger 0.... ,,, publish_" _.±=_r r:::'-c--_--: :_-_::-:--'= -'---:-_ :_-::-- ,'--==_ Editor
Office
o_u'Sq_-d" I_
owning
_°
pub,_c_tion one po_-m,_nt;
_o_dholders,
_-L-._,
y_.
._,_,..
is owni_d by _ corpor_tlon oi.-more of the total amoun6
mortg,sgc:_., or
; ..... -,t o.......
other
c _,_. _,t.__...._
_tockholder_ Gf stocks:
security
hold:=-r_ own,lng
o_ ........ _t;_:
,
_..... _ _ _,l_y ,_,_z_o< ...... _,o-_rr_,e-'_ and ci_-oulata,d of °_ci_ isr_uc du_ing tho p_eceding t],o5 , r,,_ _. s_t _o_,_ .... _,o_ _.a _:_....._bo_ "---__°_ ='_" ".......... In case of publication Oth_r th_n d_J,12- toc_l riumbe_ _f _op_c,_ _-,rintedandcirculetoO ,sf thelast; 3.._zued_ted '" _: z._v__ ....... _:_ 2. $_'t tC_!'S t_n :_ic] ,sl.lbsc±'ibcrs ,u_,,,_ "tot;_z 'pr&nted
,t,. I .t,.;C._ly_O,"
. _7_x..._d_mm_ ___':')
lk;"_:__"_' -,__.f4
ZLI2$CRZ2U,D--A_D r_,rOr2
Seminar-Workshop on Philippine Public
III
tO
b,_fore
m,_ %hi@
Z
(lqu<, of_
_,_.__t;l_:,., to"_ ,__¢-_,_'_'_ ..... __ (')_o_L..') <'_--±..... a_ ,/ /_/o_ "/ _-c_._¢-_7 --, /c_T_' c,_c_ ---g4 .... -7-- ........ _""_"'__ ,_ .... _.... 2AJJ .ZL '_ ........... _ I_"_oi_ '-. -_-,_o,,:,._:_!,r_c_:/_,_,_ .Ise_t_s0_-_s___ r,_.c._z-_:'_::}:x:M;_g"_,!'_vt J
PIOS OEVE,OPMENT RESEAR. EWS I
II
III
IJll
11
III
t II I
JUNE 1986
I IIII
PIDS PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE PIDS WORKING PAPERS
4. S,P_:/_t8204 5. S,P_#8205
1, W.P._8301
Studies on the Wood-Based Furniture, Leather ProductS Jnd Footwear Manufacturing Industries
2. W.P._8302 3. W.P,_8303
4. W.P._8304 5. W.P.#8305
7, S.P.#_8302 8. S.P,:_ 8303 9_ S_P_=/_8304
10; S.P.-#6305
Intervention Policies in Forestry. John H_ Power and Teresi_aTurnanen9, Government Expenditures and Agricultural Pollcies in the Philippines 1955-1980. Manuel S. J. de
6. W.P._8306
7. W.P, ;/#:8307 8. W.P.._-8308
11_ S.P_:#8401 12_ S.P._P8402
Leon. Economic Incentives and Comparative Advantage in the Livestock Industry, Liborio S- Cabanilla,
13, S.P._-#-8403
An Analysis of the Economic Policies Affecting The Philippine Coconut Industry. Ramon Clarete and J, Roumasset. Economic Incentives and Cooperative Advantage in the Philippine Cotton industry. Arsenio BalisaCan. Intersectoral C_pital Flows and Balanced AgroIndustrial Development. in the Philippine_ Menuel S. J. de Leon. Forest Land Management in the Context of Na*
9. W.P._/_8309
10. W.P.#8401
Lll.
6. S.P._8301
in the Philippine_ Niceto Poblador, Adriano Soils, Roy YbaSez, and Bien_enidoAragon, Economic Policies and Philippine Agriculture, Cristina C. David. Changing Comparative Advantage in Philippine Rice Production. Laurian J. Unnevehr and Arsenio M, Balisacan. The Impact of Government Policies on Philippine Sugar. Gerald Nelsonand Mercedita Agcaoili. Comparative Advantage and Government Price
W.P.##-8402
14. S_P_c#8404 1.5. $_P._:8405 16. S.P._t:/8406
17_ S.P.@8407
tional Land Use. Adolfo V. Revilla.Jr. Policy Issues on Commercial Forest Management, Cerenilla A. Cruz and Marian Segura-delos
12_ W.P,_8403
Angeles. The Impact of Government Policies on Forest ResourcesUtilization. Gerald C. Nelson_ Population Pre_cure, Migration and MarketS: Implic#tion$ for Up/and Development Me.
13. W.P.#8404 14. W.P. # 8405
15, W.P._E8406
ConcepcionCruz, Tenure, Technology and
16. W,P.-[/8407
forestry Schem_ Aria Doris Capistrano and Sam Fujisal_a. Environmental Effects of Watenhed Moclificetion¢ Wilfredo P, David.
17. W.P.#8408
Productivity
of
Agro,
19, W.P._8501 20. W.P._8502
22. W.P. # 8602
A Decomposition Analysis of Philippine Export and Import Performance, 1974-1982 Ponciano S. total, Jr. Philippine Export and Terms of Trade Instability, 1965.1982. Ponciano S. total, Jr. Methodology for Measuring Protection and Com-
21. S.P.-7_8504
parative
_. S.P.@8203
I
II
mont. Ma. Concepcion J. Cruz.
25. S.P.-#8601
26. S.P. #8_09
26, S.P.c#8602
27. S.P_ @8603
lib
in the Philippine¢
pective_ Robert E. Evenson, Financial Liberalization and the Internal Structure of the Capital Markets: Th_ Philippine Case. Mario B, Lamberte_ The Rural Banking System: Need for Reform¢ Mario B, Lamberte_ Social Adequacy and Economic Effects of Social Security: The Phtlippine Case. _ario B_ Lamberte. Impact of BO/ Incentives on Rate of Return, Factor Prices and Relative Factor U_e: A Comparative Analysis of incentives Under the Omnibus Invest. menls Code of 1981 {P.D. 1789) and the Inwntment Incentive Policy Act (B.P. 391). Rosario G. Manasan. Financial Reforms and Balance-of_Payments Crisis: The Caseof the Philippine_ E. Remolona and Mark) Lamberte. A Macroeconom[c Overview of Public Enterprises in the Philippines, san_
IIII
Medaila and
Alejandro N. Herrin, Manuel F, Montes, Rodolfo F. Ftorentino. Rural Development Experience: Economic Pet=-
25. S.P. #8508
I
M.
23. S.P.-#8506
Trade Liberalization Experience in the Philippines, 1960-84, Florian Alburo and Geoffrey Shepherd. integrated Summary Report: Population Pressure and Migration -- Implications for Upland Develop-
II
Ertinda
22. S.P,:/V:8505
Government Policies and Farm Mechanization in the Pht/ippine¢ CristinaC. David.
|
Adavantage.
John H. Power. Food, Fuel and Urbanization
24_ S.P._8507
An Analysis of Fertilizer Policies in the Philippines. Cristina C. David and Arsanio M, Balisacan. (Printed al_oin J_P.D,1981) Credit and Price Policies in Phih'ppine Agriculture. CristinaC. David.
;), S.P,#8202
Estimating the 3hedow Exchange Rate, the Shadow Wage Rate and the Social Rate of Discount for the Philippine_ Erlinda M. Mcdalla. Development Finance and State Banking: A ,_Jrvey of Experience. EditaA_TanDerived Protectio_ for Nontraded Primary Product- Erlinda M_ Medalla. Modelling the Effects of Devaluation on Prices, Output and the Trade Balance: The Philippne Experience. Ma_Cecilia Gonzates. The Development Bank of the Philippines and the Financial Crisis, A Descriptive Analysi_ Mario B_ Lamberte.
19_ S,P._t_-8502
PID$ STAFF PAPERS I.S.P.@8201
Response to Balance of Payments Crises in the 1970s Korea and the Philippines, John H, power. A Study of Philippine Real Property Taxation, CayetanoW. Paderanga,Jr. Public Enterprise in the Philippines in 1982: A Definitional and Taxonomical Exerci$a. Rosario G_Manasan,
The Protection Structure, ResOurce Flows and the Capital-Labor Ratio in Philippine Manufacturing: A Short Empiric,el Note: Eriinda M. Medalla,
Eli M. Remolona. 21. W.P. _8601
Exchange Rate Flexibility and Intervention Policy in the Philippines, 1973-1981. Filologo Pante, Jr_ On the Use of the DRC Criterion in So/acting Projects. Er[{nda M. Medalla. Monetary Affgregates and Economic Activity. Mario B_Lamberte, Effective Protection Rates and Internal hldirect Taxes in _he Philippine Se_ing . Rosario G, Manasan.
18_ S.P._8501
20_ S,P.5#/8503
Management and Cost of Watem_hedReforesta, tion: The Pantabangenand Magat JoseA, Galvez. Workshop Papers on "The Con__quences of Small Rice Farm Mechanization in the Philippines'; A Review of Welfare in the Coconut industry, Sylvia N. Guerrero. Financing the Budget Deficit in the Philippines
18, W.P.#8409
Shadow Prices of Goods and Resources in the Philippines An Assessment, Erlinda M. Medalla. An Analysis of the Behavior of the Commercial Banks_Mario B, Lamberte,
I
III
1975-1984.
Rosario G. Mane-
SUPPLEMENT I
12 I
I
II
I III
II
II
MAY-JUNE II
1986 I
COMPILATIONOF RESEARCH STUDIES AREA OF STUDY
I.
Agriculture
TITLE OF RESEARCH
GEOGRAPHICAL
PROJECT
PROJECT(S)/STUDY
COVERAGE
DINATOR(PC) OR PRINCIPAL IN-
COOR-
SPONSORING
OR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF
AGENCY
VESTIGATOR(PI)
RESEARCHER(S)
a
and Food
Agriculture and Food Policies
â&#x20AC;˘
Credit and Extension Se_rices
Rice Pohcy Study
Philippines
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
Paper on Food Policy Issues
Philippines
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
Study on the Farm Pricing Regime
Philippines
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
Alternative Approaches to Improving Agricultural L-acentives for Small Producers/ Farmers
Philippines
Eduardo
Corpuz, (PC)
NEDA
Impact of Economic. Policies on Agricultural Development
Philippines
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA Poverty StudyChapter on Analysis of Government Credit
Pltilippines
Meliza H. Agabin (PC)
TBAC/NEDA
Philippines
Aniceto
NEDA/ICC
Philippines
Meliza H. Agabin (PC)
OPM/TBAC
An Evaluation of the Integrated Rural Financing Program
Philippines
Meliza H. Agabin (PC)
TBAC
Study on the ESCAP Proposal for Regional Food Security Arrangements
Asia and the Pacific
Aniccto
NEDA
et al.
NEDA
Programs Study on the Lending Policies of Government Financial Institutions to the
Regional Security
.
III
Food
I
Agricultural
Sector
Agricultural Study
Credit
Ill
II l
II
I II
II
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
III
II
I
I
PIDS DEVELOPMENT RESEARLq_rNEWS
13
MAY-JUNE 1986 I
IIIIIII
PHILIPPINE ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT
STATUS b
Completed December
ABSTRACT
1984
Completed 1984
This sectoral study on rice identifies ShOlt-telm policy responses in anticipation strategies that could be adopted beyond 1985 are also brought up.
of a rice ShOltage in 1985. Longer
Completed November
]'he study briefs the reader on food policy issues and related problems existing in the country. local goods production, consumption, nutrition and trade are likewise covered.
1984
An analysis of the effects of government price intervention policies on selected study. The items under review are rice, corn, coconut, sugar, cotton and tobacco.
prime
Relevant
commodities
term
areas such as
is the focus of this
Completed July 1985
The study provides a discussion and evaluation of policies which affect agricultural production undertakings. Afterwards, a series of incentives geared towards the improvement of farming systems and cropping patterns are brought forward. This aims to encourage farmers to expand their farming activities to enable them to realize bigger profit margins.
Completed August 1983
Government priorities in the 1970s shifted in favor of industry as evidenced by a number of macroeconomic policies which produced disincentives for the agricultural sector. In addition, dkect government intervention in the pricing of agricultural commodities, specific export taxes and subsidies have been found to depress farm-gate prices which, in effect, favored urban consumers, Even foreign exchange policy made agricultural exports cheaper compared to the price of imported inputs. in its approach, the study reviews these and other similar policies on agriculture, especially those which have hampered the promotion of the sector's comparative advantage.
Completed March 1986
The project analyzes the effectivity of credit programs in raising the living standards of low-income families. Moreover, it also measures the outreach of existing government agricultural credit programs, the costs involved and the benefits derived.
Completed May 1985
The study reviews trends of agricultural credit extended by GFIs; thek lending policies and the impact of this credit facility to the sector. Prepared by a technical working group composed of members from PNB, DBP, PAB, LBP, CB, MOF and the NEDA, with the assistance of TBAC, the findings show that some of the external factors which affected the ability of GFIs to extend financing to the sector were monetary policies (i.e. tightening of the rediscounting window by the Central Bank); poor peace and order situation, and the financing of nomviablc projects that were, however, considered socially and politically desirable. On the other hand, the internal constraints were the inadequacy of loanable funds, loan processing problems and low collection rates. In the end, the study proposes measures to increase the level of credit to priority agricultural sectors. Over the long-term, there is a need to develop agricultural lending activities, aside from the commodity-specific programs.
and maintain
an integrated
a_ea approach
to
Completed August 1985
Considered a major accomplishment in the area of agricultural credit, the study provides the fkst ¢omprehensive appraisal of the structural changes and issues resulting from the financial crises of the 1980s, the ensuing tLuancial reforms and interest rate deregulation.
Completed March 1986
The study evaluates the Integrated Rural Financing Program's impact on savings mobilization, participation of farmers in program decisions and planning, and farmer's organizations..Designed to determine whether the IRF attained its objectives, the study looks into levels of production, incomes and repayment capacity of farmer-cooperators. At the end, recommendations are made in order to remove the bottlenecks that hamper the success of the program.
Completed 1983
The study reviews Philippine agricultural policies and ESCAP initiatives/proposals pertaining to food security. output of the study is the formulation of appropriate positions on the ESCAP proposals for the Philippines.
I
IILIII I I
Tmagible
SUPPLEMENT
14
AREA OF STUDY
II.
-
TITLE OF RESEARCH
GEOGRAPHICAL
PROJECT
PROJECT(S)]STUDY
COVERAGE
DINATOR(PC) OR PRINCIPAL IN-
COOR-
OR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF
SPONSORING
AGENCY
VESTIGATOR(PI)
RESEARCHER(S)
Philippines
lrenea V. Tienzo (PI)
SEC
Philippines
Bienvenido C. Alip (PI) Ellamehdes S. Antonio
NEDA
Industry Industry
Studies
Financial Trends from Identical Firms in the Top 1000 Corporations
/
Copper Study
Industry
(pI) The Impact of the International Convention Industry to
Philippines
Thomas
Aquino, (PI)
et al.
CRC
The Construction Materials Industry Study
Philippines
Ernesto
G. del Rosario (2'I)
A Syndicated Research on Construction Prices
Philippines
Alexander Dacanay (PI) Felix Kwan (PI) and Manuel Lira (PI)
CRC
Plfilippines
Manuel Lim (PI), Annabelle Cruz (PI) and Sergio Andal, Jr.
CRC
the Philippine Economy
Material
A Syndicated Research on the Garments Exports Industry
NEDA
(pI) A Long-Term Economic Evaluation of the
Philippines
Corazon
Financial Factors and Small and Medium Enterprise Improvement in the Philippines
Philippines
Jaime Guanzon (PC)
ASEAN Economic Research Unit (ISEAS)
Changes in the Industrial Structure and the Role of Small and MediumScale Industries in A_an Countixes:
Philippines
Lorna C. Cenzon (PC)
IDE/UP-ISSI
An Analysis of the Administration and Fiscal Management of the Philippine Coconut Industry
Philippines
Milagxos Silva (PI)
OBM
A Report on the Productivity Assessment of the Sugar Industry
Philippines
Consuelo T. Reycs (PC)
NPC
Philippine Industry
Guidote
(PI)
CRC
[lousing
The Philippine Experience
I
Bill
I I
il
[IJlll
I
a
PIDS DEVELOPMENT ,am i
RESEARCI_BNEWS IIIIIIIII
15 I
I
IIll
I I II
MAY-JUNE IIII
198b
;TATUS b
ABSTRACT
Completed November 1985
The study determines the financial trends in terms of annual rates ofr.hange and the absolute levels of six indicators used in detezmining the top 1000 corporations in the country. The financial indicators, for which the real trends were determined include sales, net profit or loss before and after tax, total costs, labor costs, and other costs. These were computed and their annual rates of change specified.
Completed September
The study presents an overview of the copper industry from 1.972 to 1982. Included in the ieport are the industry's salient characteristics, composition, production flow, market and financial positions and the prospects for the industry. There is also a discussion on government legislation and policies and its effects on the industry.
1985
Completed
The study aims to develop models for quantifying and their efficiency in the use of national resources
Completed 1983
Focusing on some of the major sub-sectors of the construction materials industry, the study reviews the wood-based materials, cement, asphalt and aggregates, and reinforcing bars and G.I. sheets. While describing the status and prospects of the industry, the study also delves into existing problems and measures to help promote the industry.
On-going December
The study develops
a framework
the costs and benefits for this purpose.
for analyzing the escalation
derived
from hosting international
of prices for various construction
conventions
materials.
1986
_vmpleted
The study goes into an analysis of the export potential of the local garments industry It also recommends various approaches to stimulate faster development in the industry.
On-going August 1986
The study analyzes the problems facing the housing industry in the country. This it achieves by formulating a policy to enhance housing production by the public and private sectors with due consideration of other factors related to housing.
Completed January 1985
The study surveys a representative sample of small- and medium-scale enterprises in selected regions of 'the Philippines (i.e., NCR, Regions III, IV and VIII) to determine their financing requirements and sources of funds. Government policies which affect the SMEs are reviewed and assessed to determine their efficacy in promoting the interests of the sector via the lending schemes of the government. There is also reference to possible areas of cooperation among the ASEAN countries along the lines of fmaneial
management
and its prospects
foi the futttre.
and fund sources.
Completed February 1985
The project is a joint study of the Institute of Developing Economies and the U.P. Institute of Small Scale Industries, with the assistance of the Small Enterprise and Research Development Foundation of the Philippines (SERDEF). It aims to highlight, from the macro point of view, the immense contribution of SMEs to the national economy, as well as the impact of public policies on the sector. At the ftrm level, the study examines the evolution of a small enterprise, its attendant problems and needs, its market orientation and growth potentials.
Completed 1984
The study discusses the impact of the coconut industry on the growth of the national economy. Aside from presenting the highlights of the coconut industry development plan, the study also reviews the financial operations and performance of the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) from 1979 to 1982.
Completed 1985
The study evaluates the productivity performance of the sugar industry by looking at labor, capital, materials, and total factor productivities over a period of 11 yeats. The report gives a separate discussion of the agricultural and milling sector while analyzing the contributions of the inputs in the sugar industry. Specifically, it aims to identify the factors affecting industry productivity and the factors that brought its difficulties since 1979_ Ill
I
I llll
IIIIII
=_
SUPPLEMENT I III II I
I
AREA OF STUDY
Industry
Studies
ii
I
16 I II
-II COOR _
II
MAY-JUNE I
SPONSORING
198( III
TITLE OF RESEARCH
GEOGRAPHICAL
PROJECT
PROJECT(S)/STUDY
COVERAGE
DINATOR(PC) OR PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(PI)
OR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF RESEARCHER(S) a
AGENCY
A Monograph on Productivity and _clatedIssuesin
Philippines
Consuelo T. Reyes (PC)
NPC
Productivity Performance of Sugar Mills by Region and Mill District: CY 1969-70 and 1982-83
Philippines
Consuelo T. Reyes (PC)
NPC
A Final Report of the Productivity Assessment of the Semi-conductor
Philippines
Consuelo T. Reyes (PC)
NPC
Brief on World Trade, Economic Recovery and Soveieign Debt
International
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
Assessment of the ASEAN Preferential Trading Axrangement
ASEAN
Aniceto
M. Sobtepefia (PC)
NEDA
The Caribbean Basin initiative: An Analysis of its International Economic Effects and
International
Aniceto M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
Asia and the
Aniceto
NEDA
,
the Philippine Wood-Based Industries
Indust/y
III.
International
Trade and Finance
International
Trade
Regional (Economic) Cooperation
Implications on Philippine Exports to the United States A Reassessment
of
the First Agreement on Trade Negotiations among Developing Countries undez the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (Bangkok
Foreign Assistance and Investments
Pacific
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
Agzeement)
Official Development Assistance to the
Philippines
Romeo A. Reyes (PI)
NEDA
philippines: A Study of Administrative Capacity and Performance
I
I
III
IIII
II
II
III
Illll
I
I
PIDS DEVELOPMENT I
â&#x20AC;˘ STATUS b
RESEARCIIPNEWS II I
17 IIII
I
II
IIIIIII
MAY-JUNE II IIIIII
1986
ABSTRACT
Completed 1985
The study is an assessment of the wood-based industries limited to the following sectors: 1) logging operations; 2) the manufacture of wood and cork products; and 3) furniture and fixtures. While focusing on these sectors, the study establishes the economic performance of the industry using productivity indices for labor and capital. Areas for improvement are suggested to erdaance the industry's potential contribution to the Philippine economy.
Completed 1985
On the national level, the productivity trends for the sugar industry were generally downward based on a NPC industry report. The thrust of this study complements the objectives of the NPC report as it examines the productivity performance of the sugar industry on a regional and mill district level The determination of the shares of the regions and mill districts to total cane and sugar production for a given hectarage is an effort to gauge which mills axe performing below or above average. Towards its population.
Completed 1985
the end, the study establishes
the adequacy
of each region
to provide
the consumption
requirements
of
The semi-conductor industry is considered one of the most important industries for the past several years as it has been a major foreign exchange earner and an employment gcneratiug industry. During the years 1981-83, the demand for the country's exports were on a decline with the exception of electrical and electronic equipment of this industry, the study analyzes the productivity of inputs to the sector, namely, materials,
and components. In support capital and labor.
2ompleted March 1985
The paper presents and analyzes the current world economic situation, major issues and prospects of global trade, international finance and foreign investments. Based on current statistical data, the paper suggests the view that the growing protectionism and high interest rates in the developed countries are aggravating the debt servicing problems of Third World debtor-countries.
Completed
The study
April 1985
the level of interdependence among ASEAN countries. In particular, the paper examines visions of the PTA, (e.g., extension of tariff preferences; long-term quantity contracts measures) and whether these provisions have intensified trading among ASEAN countries.
Completed September
delves into the ASEAN Preferential
Trading
Arrangement
and the extent
to which the agreement the implementation and liberalization
has increased of the proof non-tariff
The paper examines the implications of the Caribbean Basin initiative on Philippine export to the United States, patticulariy sugar. To this extent, the paper calls to mind the various preferential instruments under this policy and how these affect trading activities between the Philippines and the United States.
1983
Completed May 1985
The study assesses the trade performance of Intra-Bangkok Agreement member countries and the preferential tariff concessions under this agreement. It also discusses the issue of eroding concessions under the ASEAN Preferential Trading Arrangement to determine appropriate Philippine policy to a second round of negotiations under the Bangkok Agreement,
]_ompleted August 1984
The study analyzes the capacity and performance of the Philippine administrative system regarding matters on official development assistance to the Philippines. It further identifies ways and means by which such capacity and performance could be enhanced.
I
I
I
II
I
II
IIII
I
II
I
SUPPLEMENT
18 I IIlllU|
AREA OF STUDY
IV.
Human
V.
TITLE OF RESEARCH PROJECT(S)]STUDY
Resource
Nutrition Health
GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
VESTIGATOR(PI)
RESEARCHER(S)
NEDA
Philippines
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
Study on a Decade of FAO-GOP Cooperation
Philippines
Romeo A. Reyes (PI)
FAO/NEDA
An Analysis of the Present National
Philippines
Virgilio Ifurung (PI)
OBM
Philippines
Manuel Lim (PI) and Ricarte Rey (PI)
CRC
Various countries
Grace M. Jubilan (PC)
NPC
Meliza H. Agabin
TBAC
Labor and Employment
Mobility
Labor Productivity
Resource
Struc-
A Syndicated Research on Manpower
Exports
Inter-Country Labor and Energy Productivity and Wage Trends in Selected Manufacturing Subsectors, 1970-1981
Mobilization
Money, Banking Commercial
and Prices Rural Savings
Bulacan
Rural Banking
and
Mobilization
Nueva Ecija
Prices and Inflation
Review of Proposals for Price Adjustments of Specific Commodities under Price Control
philippines
Aniceto
M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
An Analysis
Philippines
Aniceto
M_ Sobrepcfia
NEDA
of
and
Support and Ceiling Prices for Rice
I
SPONSORING AGENCY OR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF
Program foz an Improved Health Care Delivery System
Compensation ture
I
Financial Markets and Institutions
FINEX-CRC on Financial
Investments, ffastructure
Resource Allocation Study I'or the
In,and
Capital Formation
Maintenance Intiastructure
II
I I
(PC)
(PC)
Study Reforms
Philippines
Vaughn Montes (PI)] FINEX Task Force on Financial Reforms
CRC/FINEX
Philippines
Jesus M. Sufiga (PC)
Feasibility Studies Fund (NEDA)
of Projects
IIIII
J1
1986
PROJECT COORDINATOR(PC) OR PRINCIPAL IN-
Development
and
Wages and Income
VI.
MAY-JUNE ......
I
1111111
a
PIDSDEVELOPMENT RESEARI_IPNEWS
MAY-JUNE1986
STATUS b
ABSTRACT
Completed July 1985
The study identifies options and tedireetions for policy and programs on health care by examining the different aspects of the present health care delivery system (e.g., existing government health programs, health financing and infoimation dissemination efforts, etc.). The examination is done to serve as inputs to formulate new measures in improving the health delivery system by maximizing affordability and access to medical services by the poor,
Completed October 1985
The study looks into the Food nutrition, agricultural production
Completed 1985
The paper presents an analysis of the present national compensation structure as it relates to the Constitutional provision on the standardization of government employees' compensation. Several PDs on compensation are presented and dis = cussed like P.D. 985 (Budgetary Reform Decree on Compensation and Position Classification) and P.D. 1177 (Budget Reform Decree).
On-going December
1986
Completed December
1984
programmes
ha the Phillipines
in the areas of health
and
the skills which
The study is an update of inter-country comparisons of "labor and energy factor productivity and wage measures in manuIacturing industries among member countries of the ASEAN, the Pacific Basin and some other developed countries. The developing countries that axe included are those with high external debt, thus, making the country comparison with the Philippines particularly relevant.
The study
1989
Completed December
and Agriculture O_ganization's and rural development.
The study analyzes the demand and supply potential of manpower exports. Moreover, it also identifies shall be in demand within the next five years and the growth prospects of the labor export industry.
On-going
L
19
assesses
the deposit
generating
performance
of the Cooperative
Rural
Bank of Bulacan
and the Community
Rural Bank of San Isidro in Nueva Ecija in an effort to identify the factors that wolk in favor of increasing deposit,, and improving the over-all performance of the banks. Being an action-oriented research project, saving schemes were pilottested among the less-privileged households of Sto. Cristo and San Isid_o, the communities covered by the banks, to see whether these schemes would help expand the deposit base of selected banks.
The paper seriously examines the proposals to increase prices of specific commodities placed under price control, or to delist _me of these commodities, in view of increasing production costs and other market considerations. With the use of input-output analysis, the impact of such price increases on the consumer price index (CPI), and consequently on wages is likewise looked into.
1984
Completed Jalluary 1985
The study compares the trends in market prices of rice with officially pegged prices. The factors responsible for the price variance are in turn analyzed to propose support measures to current rice price policy responses ainacd at improving farmer's incomes and stabilizing prices.
Completed September
The study analyzes the current state of the Philippine financial try's stabilization program and financial liberalization scheme.
1985
On-going
system and proposes
some reforms
The study identifies the maintenance activities of selected infrastructure projects and then maintenance (i.e., cost of materials, labor and equipment) in terms of financial outlays.
I
II
I
III
III
I
II
II
II
in relation
quantifies
to the co un-
the requirements
II
I
of
SUPPLEM ENT I IIIII I I AREA OF STUDY
I TITLE
II OF RESEARCH
20 III II
,. IIII
I
MAY-JUNE IIII I
II
GEOGRAPHICAL
PROJECT
COVERAGE
DINATOR(PC) OR PRINCIPAL IN-
OR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF
VESTIGATOR(PI)
RESEARCHER(S)
Philippines
Romeo i. de Vera, et al. (PI)
OBM
Towards the Strengthening of tile Local Government Revenue Posture
Philippines
Narcisa O. Santos (PI)
OBM
Foreign Exchange Movements and the 1984 Budget
Philippines
Romeo I. de Vera, et al. (PI)
OBM
Rationalizing International ments Fund
Philippines
Asuncion S. Ramos (PI) and Reseina S. Bhagwani (PI)
OBM
The 1973-1983 Expenditures for Health and the 1984 Thrusts
Philippines
Darlene May P. Casiano and Yolanda R. Reyes (PI)
Sectoral Expenditures Analyses, 1976-1986
Philippines
Research Staff (PD
OBM
The Lending Programs of Three Major Non-Financia/ Government Col- â&#x20AC;˘
Philippines
Roberto Concepcion, (PI) et al.
OBM
Philippines
Angel Q. Yoingco (PI)
NTRC
Study on Rent Control
Philippines
Aniceto M. Sobrepefia (PC)
NEDA
1983 Nationwide Survey ofthe SocioEconomic impact of Rural Electrification
Philippines
Thomas
CRC
PROIECT(S)]STUDY
COOR-
SPONSORING
Public Finance National
Budget
Revenues and EXpenditures
Notes on the Sensitivity of the 1985 Cash Budget with respect to Changes in certain Macroeconomic Parameters
Public Entelprise
the Commit-
(PI) OBM
potations
Tax Policies
VII.
Regional/Rural
The Modified Gross Income Taxation
and Urban Development
Rural and Urban Planning
1986
II
Aquino, (PI)
et al.
AGENCY
a
PIDS DEVELOPMENT
RESEARL,-m-NEWS
21
MAY-JUNE
lU II I
- STATUS b
IIIIII
il
1986 IIII
ABSTRACT
Completed 1985
The paper explains the budget changes due to deviations of some macroeeonomic parameters from expected levels as the budget is implemented during the year. Aside from presenting the impact of changes in the rates of foreign exchange and domestic inflation on the national budget, the paper also discusses budgetary effects of deviations from projected levels of specific variables, anaong them, spot price and volume of oil imports and foreign and domestic interest rates.
Completed
The paper reviews the level and trend of national financial assistance to local government in the Philippines. It presents and analyzes the local revenue picture for 1982-1984 and the problems affecting local revenue generation. Also, it looks at the efforts of the national government and the Ministry of Local Government in the task of increasing the level of local revenues.
Completed 1984
The paper presents a quantification of the impact of foreign exchange rate changes on the budget program of the national government. This aims to enable decision-makers to fully assess the fiscal consequences of changes in the exchange rate. Possible effects of further reduction in the peso-dollaz parity are also considered in line with the policy of letting the peso seek' its true market value.
Completed 1984
The paper assesses existing international commitments of the Philippines considering that the countiy's membership in international organizations entails the remittance of annual contributions. The International Commitment Fund (ICF) is examined in terms of budgetary procedures, the costs of and benefits from ICF activities_
Completed 1984
The paper analyzes the budgetary allocations their relative expenditure levels (in relation penditures, GNP as well as health expenditures and program reforms initiated on health and the
On-going 1986
The paper puts together several studies done on the analysis of expenditttre patterns of various sectors for the period 1976-1986. These ale in the areas of education and manpower development, defense, agriculture, health, nutrition and population, industry and trade, labor and tourism. Presented in this paper is an analysis of the growth rate of sectoral expenditures, its shale in GNP and total national budget. Likewise, a comparative discourse is made on expenditure patterns of other Asian countries for these sectors.
Completed 1985
The study delves into the lending programs of the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA), the National Elecififieation Administration (NEA) and the National Housing Authority (NHA). A comparison is made of the lending programs of these firms as regards their lending policies and the conduct of lending operations. The variations in lending policies appear to explain the difference in the corporations' individual capacities to self-finance thek programs. In turn, this capacity is influenced to a large extent by the collection efficiency of "old" loans and borrower commitment to project viability and cost iecovery.
Completed December 1981
Drawing from the history of income taxation in the Philippines, the study discusses how the me dified b_oss income taxation scheme (MGP) was developed. Moreover, it specifies the provisions that were made in order to ensure that the scheme is more responsive to equity and revenue goals.
Completed
The study
November
1984
I
the desirability
of lifting the tent control law in the Philippines.
study include the ability of lessees to absorb housing demand and supply considerations.
Completed September
determines
The study 1985
presents
a baseline
discussion on the geographical including the factors affecting
IlL
IIKI
for the health sector for the period 1978-1983. Sectoral components and to. total allocations for the social services sector), total government exof other Asian countries are discus_d. The paper also presents the policy 1984 thrusts, as enunciated in the plans of the Ministry of Health.
varying
social and economic
rates of rental
data set for future
increases,
Variables
the required
i,
il=,i
consumer
by tire
on investments
research in rural electrification.
reach of electric service, cost of electricity and corresponding the demand for electricity in the rltral areas.
II II
taken into account return
and
There is detailed attitudes
.......
towards
it,
SUPPLEMENT I
IIIII
AREA OF STUDY
TITLE OF RESEARCH
GEOGRAPHICAL
PROJECT
PROJECT(S)]STUDY
COVERAGE
DINATOR(PC) OR PRINCIPAL IN-
OR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF
VESTIGATOR(PI)
RESEARCHER(S)
VIII.
22
MAY-JUNE 1986 COOR-
SPONSORING
AGENCY
a
Development Planning Methods and Approaches Population, Resources, Environment and the Philippine Future (PREPF)
Philippines
UPPI, UPSE and DAP (PIs)
PCF
Exclusive
Philippines
Antonio
MNR
Economic
Zone/Law of the Sea Project III-Policy Research Study
N. Pangilinan (PI)
An Econometric Analysis of the Philippine Economy An Attempt at Policy Simulation
Philippines
Edgardo et al.
A Framework
Philippines
Narcisa O. Santos
for
P. Zialcita
(PI),
CBP
OBM
the Regional Allocation of Funds
Abbreviations
Used:
NEDA
-
National
TBAC OPM
-
Technical Board for Agricultural Office of the Prime Minister
Economic
and Development
SEC CRC NPC
-
OHM FINEX
Authority
UP.-ISSI
-
U.P. Institute
ICC ISEAS
-
Investment Coordination Committee institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Securities and Exchange Commission Center for Research and Communication National Productivity Commission
IDE PNB
-
(Singapore) Institute of Developing Economies Philippine National Bank
-
Office of Budget and Management Financial Executives Association of the Philippines
PCF CBP
-
Population Center Foundation Central Bank of the Philippines
UPPI UPSE
-
U.P. Population Institute U.P, School of Economics
MOF DBP
-
Ministry of Finance Development Bank of the Philippines
MNR NTRC
-
Ministry of Natural Resources National Tax Research Center
LBP PAB
-
Land Bank of the Philippines Philippine Amanah Bank
FAO
-
Food and Agriculture
DAP
-
Development
Credit
Organization
of Small Scale Industries
Academy
(Japan)
of the Philippines
Notes: aIn eases where there appears two (2) or more institutions normally the funding or sponsoring agency.
involved
in the research
wo]ect,
this has been indicated.
bStatus indicators are "completed", "on-going", or "pipeline". Hence, the date that appears after the "status" pletton (if completed); or the expected date of completion (if on-going); or dare of launching (if pipeline).
I
II IIII1
I IIIIIII1â&#x20AC;˘
The first institution
indicator
I III ,Ill
states
cited is
the date of corn-!
I
PIDS DEVELOPMENT I III
RESEARCIlIINEWS I III I
23 llllll
_
MAY-JUNE 1986 II I
III
_TATUS b
ABSTRACT
Completed 1977
The study attempts to predict the physical, economic, social and pohtica/conditions in the Philippines by the year 2000. As such, it delves into such issues as resources and the environment, health, education, productivity and equity of income distribution. Moreover, it entertains policy options to secure the "best" possible scenario for the country in the above areas of concern.
Completed
The research
April
Economic Zone tunities provided
1983
project aims to assist decision-makers
in the formulation
of alternative
policy options
regarding
the Exclusive
and other related Law of the Sea issues. Specifically, the study identifies business and economic opporby the EEZ, and draws up a system of linkages between private firms and government agencies involved
in the mobilization and utilization of the zone's resources. A substantial outline of policy positions the Southeast Asian region, including the major maritime powers, and the Philippines is made.
of various
states in
Completed 1983
The study makes use of a standard econometric model developed by the Central Bank to reflect the main characteristics of the Philippine economy. In particular, the study focuses attention on the channels of transmission of monetary policy effects on target variables like prices, real income and the balance of payments.
Completed 1985
The paper proposes a framework initial efforts to use socioeconomic
which can be used by regional ministries in 'budget allocation. indicators and target outputs as criteria in resource allocation.
THE PIDS RESEARCH
reinforces
PROGRAM
In accordance with its mandate of assisting the government in plan. ning and policy formulation, the Philippine Institute for Development
(d) improving planning methods and approaches, The main basis for the substantive content of the Institute's Research
In order to allow the research program to proceed cumulatively and in a coordinated fashion, PIDS research activities have been organized
Studies has evolved a research
program
into
pro-
gram specifically aimed towards: (a) providing a framework for plan and policy formulation; Co) assessing the effects of policies, programs and projects on the country's development goals; (c) helping in the identification of strategies designed to cope with anticipated bottlenecks in the long-run future; and
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The framework
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is the Philippine
Develop-
ment Plan. Accordingly, the program has emphasized policy issues sur. rounding the question of how development can be accelerated and sustained with special attention being given to the expansion of productive employment opportunities and to the related question of how the benefits of development can be distributed more widely and equitably,
II
H
H
five research
themes,
namely:
*Employment, Human Resource Development and Technology *Resource Mobilization â&#x20AC;˘ Trade Expansion, Agricultural and Industrial Development and Energy *Poverty, Income and Wealth Distribution *Regional, Rural and Urban Development
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PIDS DEVELOPMENT
1. INDUSTRIAL PHILIPPINES
RESEARCRIIEWS
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PROMOTION POLICIES IN THE
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10_ PHILIPPINE EMPLOYMENT IN THE SEVENTIES Rosa Linda P. Tidalgo and Emmanuel F. Esguetra
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23.
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DEVEL_T RESEARCH NEWS IS a bi-m0nthly publicat[_ Of_the :[PH_IPPINE INSTITUTEIIIF_ _Ol_". MENT STUDIES (PIDS). It highlights findings and recommendations culled from PIDS.sponsored researches or _ated studies done by other institutions. PIDS seminars_ publications,_ on_go_ anti,forthcoming projects Which ate of i$_erest to policymakers, planners, administrators, and researchers arealso'announced. PIDS is a non-stock, non-profit government research institutioa engaged in iong.term policy-oriented xcse_ci.¢_This publication is part of the Institute'sprogram to disseminate inf0tm=Rion'in orderto promote the utilizaflofi'O_ rv_ai_h findings. The views and opinions published here axe.those of the authors and do not i_eoess_tily r_flect those of the .Iim_l_: quiries regarding any of the studies contained in this laubl/cation, or any oftl_ PIDSpapers, as well as su_e_t_ll oamments on the DRN are,welcome. Please address all related _¢or_espondenee_or inquiries to: , ,
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