Figure 1
Figure 3
Figure 2
Content 1. Introduction 2.World events and politics • Space • Hippies 3.Technological development 4.Media, Music and Cinema 5.Art and Design 6.Influential people 7.Conclusion 8.References 9.Images references 1
Figure 4
Introduction
The world has shifted more than ever before. The 1960’s was a beginning of the new era, beginning of the time when young generation make itself loudly known by expressing themselves through music and style. It all started at the end of the fifties when youth fashion and culture took the main part in the world. The power of youth was also a demographic fact. The postwar “baby boom” increased the popularity of the 15-19year-olds from 6.5% (1955) to a peak of just 8.0% in 1964. The world was ready for the “Youthquake”. “The first children of the age of Mass-Communication” had become adults (Whiteley N., 1987, pp 87). Because of the
industrial boom in the West countries, young people found themselves very relevant to change their look in an appropriate way (Connikie Y., 1990, pp 5). But due to a problem with the current fashion businesses that did not want to help them with this change in demand, so the youth create their own fashion market with a new era of designers. Young generation felt freedom more than ever before, which allowed them to create, dream and express themselves. People start to talk about global things and started to trust in what they were stating.
Figure 5
2
World events and politics The Second World War was finished and people, in order to forget the horrors of the wartime, started to dream about bright and different future. On the postwar times, there was ‘distillation’ between America and the Soviet Union, each of them tried to succeed in technological developments bust most of all the main goal was to become the first country to set down the first man on the moon and return him safely. The space theme manifested itself in all kind of aspects, such as children’s toys, furniture, comics, architecture, as well as it made an enormous effect on the fashion industry. This direction were inherent metallic fabrics, PVC, go-go boots, plastic, new kind of head wearing – helmets, all of this was a look of a future human. Figure 6
3
Figure 8
Figure 7
Although the man landed on the moon just in 1969, it started to influence on fashion right in the beginning of the decade. Designers began to use new materials and new shapes that had never been used before. The unique material was polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which was earlier used for domestic things. Just after two years of exploration, the soft and flexible material PVC was named as “explosion of the year” (Whiteley N., 1987, pp 115). Designers commented that matter as something new and that the old-fashioned way of working with this material did not suit anymore.
World events and politics The forefather designers of the space race were Pierre Cardin and Paco Rabanne. Young fashion couturier, Paco Rabanne, in an attempt to create a “space age” look, began to use discs which were linked together by wire. Mostly he was famous for the “12 Unwearable Dresses in Contemporary Materials” collection, 1966.Also, the main point of his collections was metallic colours. In comparison with Rabanne, Pierre Cardin, by making his first “space” collection in 1967, designed clothes that were much more wearable and comfortable. Despite the fact that his “catsuits with helmets” (Connikie Y., 1990, pp 45), in that time, was an unusual type of clothing to wear on the streets.
Clearly, this trend also reached the film industry, in the film “Barbarella” of 1968, Jane Fonda wore Paco Rabanne’s space overalls (Tiso C., 2013). Famous fashion figures such as Audrey Hepburn, Brigitte Bardot and Twiggy were captured in this trend of that days.
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 13
Figure 11
Figure 12
4
World events and politics The big amount of Youth from American’s small countryside was selected for military force by the government of that time. As for statistics, while the Vietnam war the middle age of the killed American soldiers was 19 years (Connikie Y., 1990, 19). During the decade antagonism was a very strong part of the mankind. Because of the considerable increases of showing what was really happening in Vietnam, it appealed to the people, particularly students, activism in order to gain the right to the free speech and the civil rights. The activism case was more likely for the USA, from there where it was started.
Earlier, the idea to live in peace and love was something ridicules. But in the sixties, young people received the freedom of voice and with a help of music, drugs and fashion tried to get out of the restricted life. Hippie was a worldwide movement, but in comparison, with the USA residents, for others to become a hippie was just needed to let your hair grow. The direct reasons of the Hippie subculture in the USA were international problems of the previous decade, the African-American Civil Rights movement (19541968), Korean war (1950-1953), Cuban Revolution (1959) and the main was the Vietnam war.
Figure 14 Figure 15
5
World events and politics continued… Figure 16
The beliefs of the subculture “Hippie” are very curious to consider. In their style, the reflection of their denials as for western ethics was quite visible and appreciable. Afghan coats, bandanas, bell-bottom jeans, kaftans, tie-dye clothing and hanging out flowers were there most visible parts of clothing in the sixtieth. Patterns was one of the main parts of the hippie’s style, for example: flowers were very symbolic fragment of the movement which characterised the peace and love which hippies tried to convey to the whole world (Schwanke, n.d.) and especially it was seen on the events such as ‘Woodstock Music Festival’. Figure 17
While the decade, the wonder thing for the society was the fact that man and woman switched places or started to look in the same way in term of style. The hippie women were more likely to wear shapeless coats and jeans rather miniskirts. While the hippie men started to grow hair, and express themselves more in a feminine way. As for Yvonne Connikie: “You cannot tell the boys from the girls these days. Unisex dressing was the style. Young hippie men and women wore long hair, headbands, wornout jeans and sloppy, casual outfits” (no name, 1990, pp. 22).
Figure 18
6
World events and politics Figure 19
continued… Figure 23
Figure 20 Figure 22 Figure 21
7
The ‘hippie’ kind of style, that first was named as a crazy style, became a big part of the high fashion world by the end of the decade. Designers of that time were inspired by the new psychedelic look of the fashion and took ideas for future collections from the street youth. Antifashion developed into the main fashion of the 1960’s. Paris designer presented the first ‘hippie inspired’ collections in January 1967 which were filled with tent dresses, rajah coats, Nehru jackets, harem dresses and produced from fine wool and silks. Even for men, designers launched jewellery collection which was needed to wear over shirts and velvet trousers (Connikie Y., 1990, pp. 57). ‘Antifashion’ changed our previous way of understanding fashion, and nothing will come back again.
Instead of large changes in the social and political lives, the significant changes were made in technologies throughout the sixties. The largest furore was made when television gained a colour, it was the biggest trend across the Britain. As for Arthur Marwick, in 1961 just 75% of families had television sets in their homes but by 1971 this percentage increased to 91% (2003, pp. 91). Nothing in the world made such a big influence on the society. The advantage of this creation was that by that days it was possible to withdraw current trends in the much quicker way then it had ever been before. The most fashion trends were taken from the TV programs, the popular one was ‘Ready! Steady! Go! Which was launched in 1963 and immediately became popular. It displayed the latest fashion trends in music, dance, slang and clothing and was shown
on Friday early evening with a slogan “The Weekend Starts Here” (Whiteley 1987, pp. 104). Surprisingly, for the sixties, was that just on the following day after the program, the latest fashions appeared quickly on store shelves and even people tried to ‘catch’ trends at home by creating clothing by themselves. The wellknown fashion model Twiggy mentioned: “we had to make things ourselves because they were never in fashion long enough for the fashion people to catch up”.
Technological developments
Figure 24 Figure 25
Figure 26
8
Nowadays, no one will be surprised by the production of new fabrics. But the 1960s, was a decade of the big changes and not just in fashion but also in materials. According to Christopher Muscato: “After World War II, all of the technological advancements of the war were applied to commercial products” (n.d.). As a result of that fact, in the end of 1960s, synthetic fibres much more often, “by 1968, synthetic fibres surpassed natural fibres in the U.S.A. for the first time in history”. Moreover, the material, which name is ‘polyester’, in the 60s became one of the most well-known patterns, despite the fact it was presented in 50s. In the 1960s, such a rapid progress in the creation of new fabrics instantly required a new kind of decoration them. Figure 28
9
Technological developments Figure 27
The great pop artist Andy Warhol saved this situation by creating a new technique of putting an image on the cloth – ‘screen printing’. “Screen printing had already been applied to some textiles by this point, but it became more popular in the 1960s” (Muscato, n.d.). As a result, this technology was not expensive way of printing so the significant number of people used to have this kind of clothing. In men’s fashion, it was even more usable rather than in women’s. The big variety of shirts and ties were produced that this period of time was named as a ‘Peacock Revolution”. Figure 29
Media, Music and Cinema The sixties were the time when people started have such addiction to the newborn media. Some people think that it was the strongest driving force of the decade. “The media were powerful enough to promote the activities of those involved in the ‘Swinging London’ they had christened, radically increasing the reach and significance of these cultural changes” (Breward C. 2006, pp. 80).
In comparison with city media, the fashion magazine ‘Honey’, which was introduced to the world in 1960, became popular because the showed to the public not just ‘trends’ but also the reality of the young generation: “they ran articles on leaving home, flat-sharing, premarital sex, living with the man out of wedlock and, when the contraceptive pill became widely available in the mid-1960s, they discussed its pros and cons” (Breward C. 2006, pp. 83).
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
10
Figure 36
Media, Music and Cinema The big variety of the fashion trends were brought by famous musicians of the decade. The Beatles were four young men from the north English city, Liverpool, who almost immediately took over the music world of this period. They were the “forefront of the men’s fashion” (Connikie Y., 1990, pp. 36).
Figure 33
11
In the beginning of their popularity, they were dressed in narrow black trousers, narrow-lapeled jackets, with cropped hair. But when the band became more recognizable, they changed their style to ‘mod’ and ‘psychedelic’ outfits. So, when fans saw them wearing that, they tried to follow it (Connikie Y., 1990, pp. 36).
Figure 34
Overall, the period of sixties was full of the variety of bands such as ‘The Rolling Stones’, ‘The Kinks’, ‘Manfred Mann’, ‘Herman’s Hermits’ and ‘The Who’. Besides of boybands trends, the girl-group ‘The Supremes’’ moved into fashion the idea of the matching style to the musicians all over the world (Leaper C., 2017).
Figure 35
Media, Music and Cinema Film industry also played a significant role in the origin of trends. The large amount of films, actors and actresses make the silhouette of the fashion. From them the most well-known fashion film was ‘Breakfast at Tiffany’s’, that is still keep the trend of the ‘little black dress’, which were worn by Audrey Hepburn. In 1965, the film ‘Viva Maria’ made the “Edwardian dresses” stylish.
Figure 39
Figure 37
Another movie ‘Bonnie and Clyde’, brought into fashion berets and long skirts. As for ‘Mod’ move found inspiration in French films such as “Shoot the Pianist”, 1960 (Breward C. 2006). Figure 38
Figure 40
12
Something of a 1960’s major development was the production of the ‘paper material’ by American paper company ‘Scott’ (Walford J., 2013, pp. 110). The idea of it was to create the material which will be much economical than others but also will be justified by hygiene and convenience. It was manufactured from the ‘reinforced paper’ and in the beginning, it was produced just in a few colours, such as: black and white, red and yellow. This material was accepted by the pop designers in a way of inexpensive, disposable and stylish. Paper fashion became widely accessible in 1967 and one of the first producers were brand ‘Dispo’, who changed the colours and styles of clothing every month. The most popular paper clothing was dresses and the prices for them was between £12 and £15 (Whiteley N., 1987, pp. 117).
Figure 41
13
Pop art had a large influence on the fashion world. And at the end of the decade, Harry Gordon represents “The Poster Dress”. The collection was in black and white newsprint and imaged different kinds of illustrations: cats, spaceship, roses, Bob Dylan, Audrey Hepburn’s eye and an Allen Ginsberg poem (Taylor K. 2013, pp. 112). Moreover, in 19661967, the soup manufacture ‘Campbell’, by taking inspiration from the Andy Warhol's world-famous screen-print, created the iconic dress ‘Souper’. Even nowadays it is still one of the most expensive dresses because of its exclusivity. Moreover, the bold black lines, contrasting colours and geometric shapes were all mentioned in the fashion. In 1965, Yves Saint Laurent created the iconic example the collaboration between fashion and art in a way of “Mondrian dress”, which was even presented on the September Vogue cover (Whiteley N. 1987).
Figure 42
Figure 43
Figure 44 Figure 45
14
Influential people The final driving force of fashion to examine is influential people. There were so many stylish figures, who became popular as of the effect of media. The famous part of the 1960s is an appearance of the mini-skirts which was brought by Mary Quant. She was one of the first designers who took ideas from the street style. In 1963, she won The Sunday Times award “Jolting England Out of Her Conventional Attitude Towards Clothes” (Whiteley N., 1987, pp 95). Her idea was to encourage people to stay to be in the sex appeal of youthfulness and with the energy of the child: “I wanted everyone to retain the grace of the child and not to have to become stilted, confined, ugly beings. So, I created clothes that worked and moved and allowed people to run, to jump, to leap, to retain this precious freedom” (Whiteley N., 1987, pp 96). 15
Figure 48
Another fashion hero of the decade was Barbara Hulanicki (founder of Biba), her great contribution to the history of fashion was the fact that she made the possibility for working-class to buy trendy clothing, in a way 'pile it high, sell it cheap' (V&A, n.d.).
Figure 46
Figure 47
Figure 54
Influential people No 1960, without mentioning Twiggy. Her real name is Lesley Hornby. She is an icon of all times. Her iconic the pixie crop haircut and painted lushes underneath her eye, made a furore in the fashion world. She was the muse of the time and quickly rose from the simple girl to the supermodel. “Almost overnight she became the face of the decade; instantly recognisable, she’s been immortalised on everything from Andy Warhol screen prints to M&S shopping bags” (Leaper C., 2017). Figure 49
Figure 50
In January 1960, when F. Kennedy became US president, and Jackie the new first lady, the world recognised her a fashion portrait. Despite her unhappy fate, she still always had a style and elegance “Jackie’s prim skirt suits, pillbox hats and super-sized dark glasses made her the style inspiration for women across America” (Leaper C., 2017). The pink elegant suit that she worn when her husband was killed, became the iconic outfit of the decade. Figure 52
Figure 51
Figure 53
16
Influential people
Figure 59
Figure 57
And the last fashion person is Audrey Hepburn. She was the only fashion icon who didn’t applied on herself the ‘Swinging London’ look. Both her style and her appearance in film industry was more considered on the classical outfits. The only time went she tried to wear ‘sixties look’ was in film ‘Two for the Road’ but was not accepted in a positive way that meant that despite of the trends some people are steal prefer the ‘classic look’.
Figure 55
Figure 56
17
Figure 58
Figure 60
Conclusion In conclusion, as it can be seen the sixties was an experimental era in different fashion trends. The cause of it was the fact that the largest amount of the population was youth. Nevertheless, that trends would never appear without another drivers such as wars and art. The 1960s-decade changed the fashion world completely and forever left its mark on history. Words:2748
Figure 61
18
References Anon, (n.d.). [online] Available at: http://study.com/academy/lesson/19 60s-textiles.html [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017].
Marwick, A. (2007). British society since 1945. London [u.a.]: Penguin Books. Op-art.co.uk. (2017). Op Art in Fashion and Design | Op-art.co.uk | Op-Art.co.uk. [online] Available at: http://www.op-art.co.uk/op-artfashion/ [Accessed 15 Oct. 2017].
Breward, C., Davis, R., Gilbert, D. and Lister, J. (2006). Swinging sixties. London: V&A Publications. Connikie, Y. (2007). Fashions of a decade. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
Schwanke, C. (2017). 1960s Hippie Fashion | LoveToKnow. [online] LoveToKnow. Available at: http://womensfashion.lovetoknow.com/1960s_Hi ppie_Fashion [Accessed 7 Nov. 2017].
Marie Claire. (2017). 1960s Fashion: The Icons And Designers That Helped Shape The Decade. [online] Available at: http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashio n/1960s-fashion-icons-designerstrends-34260 [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].
Taylor, K. (n.d.). Vintage fashion & couture. Figure 62
Victoria and Albert Museum. (2017). V&A · Biba. [online] Available at: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/biba [Accessed 17 Nov. 2017]. Victoria and Albert Museum. (2017). V&A · The peacock revolution: 1960s menswear. [online] Available at: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/thepeacock-revolution-1960s-menswear [Accessed 2 Nov. 2017]. Walford, J. (2013). Sixties fashion. London: Thames & Hudson. Whiteley, N. (1987). Pop design. London: Design Council.
Images reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Warhol, A. (1962). [image] Available at: https://branditative.wordpress.com/2012/07/14/andy-warhol-and-his-muse-the-campbell-soup-can/ [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/9f/aa/f8/9faaf8b4dec11056f5183718a06d01a9.jpg [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Maly LOLek, (2007). [image] Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Штриховой_код [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Life Magazine, (1966). [image] Available at: https://guides.wikinut.com/Far-Out-Fashions-of-the-1960’s%3A-The-Era-of-the-Paper-Dress/1fwhpye1/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1967).[image] Available at: http://www.livingly.com/Iconic+Beauty+Looks+From+the+Year+You+Were+Born/articles/ZSIGfCBKjy4/1967 [Accessed 22 Nov. 2017]. Rabane, P. (1966). [image] Available at: http://www.theblogazine.com/2013/09/the-space-age/ [Accessed 22 Nov. 2017]. Rabane, P. (1969). [image] Available at: http://www.theblogazine.com/2013/09/the-space-age/ [Accessed 22 Nov. 2017]. Anon , (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://www.wmagazine.com/story/retro [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Kirkland, D. (1968). [image] Available at: http://houseofretro.com/index.php/2013/04/17/andre-courreges-the-coutures-space-captain/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://flashbak.com/1960s-space-age-fashion-a-retrospective-10963/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Anon (n.d). [image] Available at: https://flashbak.com/1960s-space-age-fashion-a-retrospective-10963/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Courreges, A. (1967). [image] Available at: http://www.icon-icon.com/fr/node/4443 [Accessed 10 Jan. 2018]. Anon, (1966). [image] Available at: http://www.mintagevintage.com/fashion/1960s/how-date-vintage-clothing-1960s/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2017]. helen3205 (2016). [image] Available at: https://avatanplus.com/users/helen3205/stickers#resource-1164433 [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://grizzly-bag.livejournal.com/607097.html [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1969). [image] Available at: https://consequenceofsound.net/2014/06/dissected-led-zeppelin/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2017]. Duffy, B. (1968). [image] Available at: https://fashioneditoriaux.wordpress.com/tag/vintage/ [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1966). [image] Available at: http://www.rokit.co.uk/blog/style-icon/jimi-hendrix-style-icon [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f7/ac/f3/f7acf3859ee9364a73e02e287453bd4e.jpg [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.relook.ru/article/64754/ [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.relook.ru/article/64754/ [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1968). [image] Available at: http://nostalgiacentral.com/pop-culture/fashion/fashion-1960s/ [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.dolchefashion.com/enjoy-the-hippie-fashion/hippie-fashion-video-tunqfcv/ [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1964). [image] Available at: https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/young-mods-dancing-during-a-recording-of-the-british-pop-newsphoto/529217137#young-mods-dancing-during-a-recording-of-the-british-pop-music-tv-picture-id529217137[Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1965). [image] Available at: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/23/47/1b/23471bc72bcbccb49d520c052361a30c.jpg [Accessed 29 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://nostalgiacentral.com/music/music-on-film-and-tv/ready-steady-go/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1962). [image] Available at: https://news.masterworksfineart.com/2017/10/19/andy-warhol-and-his-screenprint [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1966). [image] Available at: http://www.stylezilla.com.au/article/fashionable-history-style-trends-of-all-ages-139[Accessed 28 Nov. 2017].
Images reference 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://thisbluebird.com/products/1960s-vintage-pink-hawaiian-print-shift-dress [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017]. The National Archives (1966). [image] Available at: http://english4idlers.ru/e4i/pages/blog/admin-blog-zk/swinging-london-swinging-london-/#.WlPzBiNeOuU [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1968). [image] Available at: http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-1960s-uk-honey-magazine-cover-85327015.html [Accessed 28 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1968). [image] Available at: http://www.modculture.co.uk/ebay-watch-rave-and-honey-magazines/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1966). [image] Available at: https://www.viajejet.com/la-cultura-musical-de-liverpool/[Accessed 26 Nov. 2017]. Goodwin, H., Features, R. (n.d.) [image] Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11002390/The-Who-in-talks-for-60s-TV-show.html [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1969). [image] Available at: http://musicweek.ua/rolling-stones-new-album/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Anon, (1963). [image] Available at: http://allofcinema.com/ready-steady-go-the-beatles-live-ready-steady-go-the-beatles-live-1985-video/ [Accessed 22 Nov. 2017]. Anon, (1965). [image] Available at: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Film/VivaMaria [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Anon, (1960). [image] Available at: http://kinofilms.me/film/strelyajte-v-pianista/14998/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Anon, (1967). [image] Available at: https://petrolicious.com/articles/driver-s-cinema-bonnie-and-clyde-1967 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Anon, (1961). [image] Available at: http://classicmoviechat.com/wheres-the-outrage/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://www.radostbymartinasestakova.com/blog/op-art-in-fashion-1960s-still-inspire-todays-designs [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017] Mercury, L. (1969). [image] Available at: http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/womans-hollywood-paper-dress-406963 [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017] Gordon, H. (1966–67). [image] Available at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/79778 [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017] Yves Saint Laurent (1965-66). [image] Available at: http://www.cinelettemoda.com/2015/11/09/moda-e-stile-anni-60/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017] Gordon, H. (1968). [image] Available at: http://kativas.livejournal.com/141866.html [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017] Anon, (1965). [image] Available at: http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/mary-quant/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017] Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://modernperiodresources.weebly.com/1960s-fashion.html [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017] Hulton Archive, (1975). [image] Available at: http://jademellor.com/blog/2015/11/28/london-couture-at-the-va [Accessed 3 Dec. 2017] Popperfoto, Getty Images (1967). [image] Available at: https://www.vogue.com/tag/model/twiggy [Accessed 3 Dec. 2017] Popperfoto, Getty Images, (1967). [image] Available at: https://www.gettyimages.com.au/photos/twiggy1960s?family=editorial&page=15&phrase=twiggy%201960s&sort=best#license[Accessed 3 Dec. 2017] Popperfoto, Getty Images, (1967). [image] Available at: https://www.gettyimages.com.au/photos/twiggy1960s?family=editorial&page=15&phrase=twiggy%201960s&sort=best#license [Accessed 5 Dec. 2017]
Images reference 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
Shaw, M. (1959). [image] Available at: https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/wall-decorations/photography/jackie-jfk-portrait-4-mark-shaw-hyannis-port-1959/id-f_309912/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2017] Art Rickerby, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.topshelfclothes.com/2013/12/09/jackie-kennedy-style/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2017] Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.thequeenofstyle.com/quee/2016/12/what-jackie-kennedy-wore-next-to-her-skin.html [Accessed 5 Dec. 2017] Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/likeabalalaika/3710618803 [Accessed 6 Dec. 2017] Shaw, S. (1957). [image] Available at: http://www.everythingaudrey.com/14-iconic-audrey-hepburn-fashion-style-pieces/ [Accessed 6 Dec. 2017] Hulton Archive, (1963). [image] Available at: https://girlsdofilm.wordpress.com/2013/09/18/audrey-hepburn-film-and-the-creation-of-a-style-icon/ [Accessed 6 Dec. 2017] Parkinson, N. (n.d.). [image] Available at: https://www.thedailybeast.com/inside-the-audrey-hepburn-exhibit-photos[Accessed 6 Dec. 2017] Donaldson Collection, Michael Ochs Archives, (1961). [image] Available at: https://www.1wall.com/wall-murals-c34/show-all-c36/1wall-black-and-white-audrey-hepburnbreakfast-at-tiffanys-feature-wall-wallpaper-mural-158cm-x-232cm-p1869 [Accessed 6 Dec. 2017] Kirkland, D. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/g5996/audrey-hepburn-glamorous-photos/ [Accessed 6 Dec. 2017] Keystone-France, (1966). [image] Available at: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d8/d1/46/d8d14631f5c650029b2f0fa3928e071a.jpg [Accessed 7 Dec. 2017] Anon, (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://stark-raving-mod.com/ [Accessed 7 Dec. 2017]