Magnetoscopium
[Îş]dokya consuming the exotic...
CONTENTS
1
Brief
a) Brief
b) Requirements c) Proposal/concept
2
Context Analysis
a) Site b) History study
c) Geology
d) Carving tufa
e) Site plan
3
Master plan
a) Zones b) Organisation of Space
4
Harvesting Energy center
5 6
a) Design b) Structural analysis c) Environmental analysis
Research facilities
a) Design b) Environmental strategy
Mobile Research stations
a) Desgin b) Construction Details
BRIEF
Magnetoscopium
[Îş]dokya “It is a story of an empire corroding from within. It is the story of a people who believed, for a long time, that their actions did not have consequences. It is the story of how that people will cope with the crumbling of their own myth. It is our story.â€? Uncivilisation, Dark Mountain Manifesto
Uncivilised Science A research group named High Voltage Technologies - formerly part of Strathclyde University - have advanced their technologies and research to a level where they made possible to harvest energy from the magnetic fields of the ground. The research group has recently tested their methods and technologies to confirm their results. Since then, several companies and international corporations approached them in order to obtain these technologies, among them, military corporations willing to use this technology in their weapons. The research group has decided that selling their technologies to a company will impact the economical and political situation in a global scale, and that could
be a reason for high tension and even wars. Since the research group was always driven by moral responsibility for their contribution in science in order to ..... they decided that selling their technologies for such purposes was immoral and against their beliefs. Being members of the Dark Mountain movement, and willing to restore the balance in the ecosystem, they decided to go uncivilised, and lead the way for uncivilised science. They all agreed that they should move to a location which would allow them for further research. The chosen location is in Cappadocia region, Turkey, nearby the town of Avanos. The reason is because of the magnetic
Magnetoscopium [κ]dokya Magnetoscopium = Magneto + Scopium Magneto = Magnet (in English) derives from the Greek word magnetis (μαγνήτης) Scopium = scientific latin suffix - scopium, meaning a viewing instrument, which originated from the ancient Greek verb skopin (σκοπείν), meaning ‘to examine’. [k]dokya = kappa + dokya
properties of that area. Magnetic anomalies has been recorded in that region, and the team is aiming to study how they affect their developed technologies, and continue their research to improve them. Station personnel: This group is known as the ‘High Voltage Technologies Research Group’ (HVT research group). The main objective of this group is to develop technologies that enable harvesting energy from magnetic fields from the ground. The group is composed by scientists as well as technical specialists. There are three lead researchers in charge of the scientific team and each of them is leading a team of 4-5 assistant researchers. The technical support staff is composed
by several technicians and engineers which are responsible for the smooth operation and regular maintenance of the equipment. Periods in use: The station will be operating throughout the year with a maximum population reaching 40 people during the more demanding periods and an average of 30 over the period of lower interest. The high interest periods are the ones when climate changes drastically resulting a more dramatic fluctuation of the intensity of the magnetic fields.
Requirements
users:
• observation platform
Scientific/academic team
• storage rooms
• 3 Lead researchers (each of them leading a team)
• harvesting energy core
•
5-6 researchers in each team
Technicians and support staff • 2 mechanical engineers + 2 assistants • 2 electrical engineers + 2 electricians • 2 electronics and software engineers • 1 Head Chef + 2 Sous Chefs • 6 Janitors total: 37 - 40
required spaces: • dining/living area • kitchen
The research team requires the same facilities and equipment as the ones at the University of Strathclyde. A list of them is retrieved from the university website. (http://www.strath.ac.uk/eee/research/ iee/research themes/highvoltagetechnologiesandelectricalplantdiagnostics/)
facilities and equipment list: • David Tedford High Voltage Technologies Laboratory (20 × 12 × 10 m) • Fully equipped interlocked test bays, high current and high voltage supplies and screened rooms with filtered power supplies • LDS-6 digital partial discharge (PD) test & measurement system
• 3 laboratories (20m x 12m x 10m)
• Marx impulse generators, GIS test rigs (including a 500 kV encapsulated transformer), vacuum test vessels and environmental chambers
• offices
• Pulsed power components, systems
• staff accommodation
and industrial applications of the technology • PD research capabilities (SF6, oil and solid insulation) • High frequency diagnostics (UHF PD detection and location) • UHF sensor design and calibration • PD detection and location in MV cable networks • Electromagnetic modelling, on-site testing and consultancy. key considerations: • low budget • use of renewable natural resources • ecofriendly/sustainable • integrated to landscape The site has been chosen because of the magnetic properties <- PDF to back this up
PROPOSAL/CONCEPT
Proposal/concept: The Magnetoscopium [Îş]dokya project is a research institution for the needs of the research group. Our aim is to This research group can be considered as a nomad moving from Scotland, relying on their performance as a microsociety to survive. Also,the reasons behind the relocation of this group can be perceived as a modern analogy to the individuals moved to Cappadocia region during the Iconoclastic period, where they were aiming to retreat themselves and protect their ideals and beliefs living a monastic life. A key consideration that has been taken into account for this project, is the maintenance of a low budget. Since tufa is an excellent building material, this project will benefit as much as possible from this fact. For the implementation of this project, the knowladge as well as the craftsmanship from local people is essential. Local people are asked to help the realisation of this project, and in return they benefit from the outcomes of the
research by enjoying unlimited energy harvested by the researchers. Therefore, this project will have a benefitial social impact for both local society and the researchers. By this interaction, the research group starts forming relationships with the local society and becoming an active member of it. The exchange of knowledge, craftmanship and energy. The construction of living spaces in tufa can also be considered as a step closer to the symbiosis of huaman and nature, which is one of the main ideals supported by the Dark Mounatin movement. Regarding the design of this project, we have decided to subdivide the project into 3 smaller ones which in return they will compose A. Energy harvesting center B. Permanent research station C. Mobile research stations 1. In order to maintain a low environmental impact as well as a restricted budget, the permanent facilities will be carved into the tufa rock, in a traditional way, with the help of local craftsmen as men-
tioned earlier. 1b. The re-locatable units are needed because the research group is aiming to collect data from various points in the Cappadocia region. These data requires lengthy recordings, therefore, members of the team are required to spend long periods of time and also they need the appropriate equipment in order to collect sufficient amount of data that will allow accurate conclusions. For ease of mobility, the mobile units will be pneumatic and use light weight durable materials. 2a. The energy harvesting system will be integrated in the permanent research station, and it is required to be designed as an additional service. 2b. Energy distribution terminals will be created to allow individuals collect the energy they require. These terminals will be placed at locations easily accessible near the town.
CONTEXT ANALYSIS
Location:
Latitude: Longitude: Altitude: Time zone:
38°40’32”N 34°51’24”E 1040-1060m GMT +2
The site is located in Cappadocia region, between the towns Avanos and Göreme, nearby the village of Çavuşin. Avanos (Ancient Greek:Αβανος), is a town and district of Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, located 18 km (11 mi) north of Nevşehir, the capital city of the province. It is situated within the historic and touristic region of Cappadocia. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 35,145 of which 12,288 live in the town of Avanos.[3][4] The district covers an area of 994 km2 (384 sq mi),[5] and the average elevation is 920 m (3,018 ft), with the highest point being Mt. İsmail Sivrisi at 1,756 m (5,761 ft). Çavuşin is a village (Köy) in the district of Avanos in the province of Nevsehir in Cappadocia in Turkey. It is on the road between Avanos and Göreme, about five kilometers north of Göreme.
Anastasius and Justinian walls were constructed around many towns in the region and existing walls repaired. Caesarea was completely rebuilt and the fortified cities of Mokissos and Kamuliani were founded, so creating a formidable defense system.
History of Cappadocia
Cappadocia is the ancient name of a large region in the center of Anatolia, although when we speak of Cappadocia today we refer specifically to the valleys of Goreme and Urgup, with their natural pinnacles and rock churches. In this survey of Cappadocia’s historical geography, the region will be examined in its entirety. BYZANTINE PERIOD 4th to 15th CENTURIES In 363 the Persians took the region east of the Euphrates, and in the fifth century incursions by the Huns and Isaurians caused havoc. Under the emperors
The Byzantine emperors and the local inhabitants decided to take measures against sudden attacks and thus devised a system of defense comprised of several elements: governing by “themes” an “optic warning system”, the construction of additional forts, a good network of military and trade roads, and underground cities. The system of governing by “themes” provided for the distribution of land to generals, who were directly responsible to the emperor for protecting each “theme,” one of which was Cappadocia. The land remained under the control of a general who could act independently with regard to recruiting, commanding, and choosing appropriate defensive strategy. The “optic warning system” was established by placing fires and lanterns on the tops of designated hills and mountains in the provinces. This system relayed messages all the way to the Great Lighthouse in Constantinople so that the capital would
be informed about the exact moment of the enemy’s attack. Many forts, castles, and watchtowers were placed at strategic positions such as passes and sources of water, and also linked the main towns. In addition to these defensive measures, the local inhabitants carved underground cities for their protection. SELJUK’S IN CAPPADOCIA 9th to 13th CENTURIES From the 9th century Anatolia witnessed the arrival of nomadic Turkish tribes from Central Asia, which originated in the Ural-Altai region and dispersed over vast areas from China to Europe. Byzantines in the region, and relative security prevailed for the next fifty years during the period of Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos (945 – 959) and Konstantinos Doukas (900 – 1070). The overthrow of the iconoclasts with the help of the Cappadocian monasteries, which defended their icons with fierce desperation, played its part in maintaining peace. From the second half of the ninth century until 1071, Byzantine Cappadocia enjoyed a golden age, and most of the churches and frescoes of the region are from this period.
Geology
The surrealistic geological formation of Cappadocia is one of the wonders of the world. It is the result of two opposing forces in nature--volcanic activity in the constructive stage and erosion in the destructive stage. Wind, climate, mechanical weathering (forces breaking up rocks) rain, and rivers are the types of erosion that gave Cappadocia its unusual, characteristic formations. The Cappadocian climate, with sharp changes of temperature, heavy rains, and melting snow in the spring, plays an important role in the formation of the Cappadocian landscape. In addition, mechanical weathering isresponsible for fragmentation because rocks expand when heated and break up as they cool. Water freezing in the cracks can also cause fragmentation. However, the most important sources of erosion are rain and rivers. Heavy rainfall transformed the smooth surface of the plateau into a complex pattern of gullies that followed preexisting fissures in the rocks. Eroded materials were then removed by the rivers. Sometimes streams and rivers made very sharp vertical cuts into the volcanic soil and created isolated pinnacles at the intersection of two or more gullies. Rain and rivers also formed valleys such as Zelve and Goreme. Cappadocia geological formations, volcanic activity, Cappadocia landscape, erosion, Zelve Valley, Goreme Valley, volcanic soil
“Every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it.” Michelangelo
Carving Turfa If we paraphrase this famous quote by Michelangelo into ‘Every rock of tufa has a room inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it’, then it is obviousle refering to Cappadocia. The cave houses were first built and inhabited by Hittites in 2000 B.C. The houses blended into the landscape and offered security from invaders and harsh weather Apart from its use in the traditionally constructed rock-cut homes, tufa has also proven to be an ideal building material in the form of cut stones, and has excellent insulating properties. The porous structure of the rock is so optimal for evening out the swings in temperature between the hot summers and cold winters that it often suffices to simply light the stove for an hour in order to heat a small rock-cut living room. This relatively light stone, which can be cut with simple tools, provides the optimal basis for constructing rock-cut dwellings. Simultaneously its ecological merits as a building material are perfect.
MASTER PLAN Zones
Sketched area approximately 7000m2 Required area 2800m2 (spread across the sketched area)
Permanent
Mobile
Working 1080m2
Sevices 520m2
Living/accommodation 920m2
Organisation of Spaces
1 1
1
5 5
5
4
A. Harvesting energy center | 1800m2
B. Research facilities
2
1. Laboratories (3) 240m2 each | 720m2
3. 320m2 | Communal areas dining room 160m2 living room 120m2 other areas 40m2
4
5
2
2. Accommodation | 600m2 twin bedrooms (20) 30m2 each
4. Services mechanical rooms (2) 80m2 each | 160m2 server rooms (2) 60m2 each |120m2 5. Storage rooms (4) 30m2 each | 120m2
C. Mobile research units (5) 36m2 each | 180m2
3
A. HARVESTING ENERGY CENTER
Development of design
roof plan
Eye-level Perspective Views
Ground floor Plan
Main Entrance
Harvesting energy magnets
Offices
Corridors leading to undergroung laboratories
150mm below ground ground level
Alternative Entrance
Staircase
scale 1:200
Elevations
Section A-A’
.
Section B-B’
Section C-C’
Section D-D’
Main Entrance:
The design of this element allows indirect sunlight to pass in the building minimising the need for artificial lighting. Also, it allows undistracted views from inside-out and the opposite.
Back Entrance:
The building face North-West avoiding strong sunlight during the day thoughout the year. The curvy walls protect the building from direct sunlight coming from the West before sunset when the angle of the sun is low. Also,
The high wall facing South-East overshadows the rest of the building, and its white colour refletcts the sunlight avoiding overheating.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Combined concrete and steel frame Steel hexagonal structural frame
1
Pre-cast concrete
Combined concrete and steel frame
Concrete frame (grey)
Steel frame I-Beams (blue)
Steel frame truss (yellow)
2
3
4
5
Structural frame (exploded)
I-Beams
Trusses
Partition walls
Wooden floor
I-Beams and trusses
Partition walls
concrete structure
concrete foundations
Structural frame and building layers (exploded)
North-West elevation of structural frame
Roof top Plan of structural frame
scale 1:100
Steel frame I-Beams (blue) Steel frame truss (yellow)
Wooden floor Pasterboard
Roof Structure
Hexagonal roof structure
Roof Plan
exploded element orthographic view Tubes 20mm
Tubes 40mm
top view
I-Beams 100x50mm
orthographic view
Prefabricated Concrete blocks
Prefabricated concrete blocks of double curvature mixed with local limestone will be used for the assembly of these walls. Post tensioning horizontal and vertical wires will be placed through the blocks to assure the stability of the structure.
Prefabricated concrete blocks post tensioning wires
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIES
Site plan & Contour lines
Site section
Climate Analysis
Thermal Environment
(maximum and minimum per month)
Percipitation
(average per month)
Humidity levels (average per month)
Shadow study time
Winter (15 January)
Spring (15 April)
Summer (15 July)
Autumn (15 October)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
North
South
Lighting & Ventilation
The roof is designed to allow the sun rays reach the Solatube速 throughout the day for natural lighting, while the surface exposed to the sun is decreased to avoid overheating. Also, the Solatube速 provide openings for ventilation.
Opennings allow indirect sunlight to enter the building and the exit of hot air improving ventilation.
B. RESEARCH FACILITIES
Accommodation
2 settlements (volume 1-2) each settlement composed by 10 rooms (30m2) communal area (volume 3)
1
2
3
Plan and Section
A’
10 twin bedrooms 30m2 (6x5m) each
2
3
4
1
5 B
B’ 10
6 7
8
A
9
Section A-A’
A
A’
Section B-B’
B’
B
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY Technologies and Strategies informing design
Sun related: Lighting: Solatube - Lighting daytime PVCs - Lighting nightime Heating/Cooling: Solar panels - Hot water and heating water tanks - Cooling and water storage Shading: Solar shading Wind related: Ventilation strategy Percipitaion related: Water collection
asdaSDA
Sunpath Analysis & Information
By starting to analyse the sunpath in relation to the chosen site, it is obvious that the project will not be affected by unwanted direct sunlight most of the time, with the only exception of late afternoon hours, for a short period of time before sunset.
North
Another sun related characteristic of the site, is the long sun periods during each day troughout the year, as illustrated below. South
Natural Lighting
As above mentioned, the site is not being affected by direct sunlight most of the time, but can benefit from long sun period during each day throughout the year. This fact can be used in our advantage for natural lighting inside the building, minimising the need of artificial lighting. For such achievement, a solution from SolatubeÂŽ Daylighting Systems will be used. SolatubeÂŽ is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading tubular daylighting devices, deliver the benefits of brilliant, natural light to both new and existing buildings, allowing you to switch off artifical lighting during daylight hours and thus significantly reduce your energy costs and consumption. The most advanced technologies are used to actively capture daylight from the rooftop and transfer it through 99.7% reflective tubing and deliver it to the rooms below.
Lighting at nightime PVCs and other solar panels will be very benefitial and efficient on this project due to the high levels of irradiation of the site as illustrated Photovoltaic panels will be used for the production of electricity, which it will be stored in batteries and used for lighting during the night.
Heating and Cooling Heating Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) solar panels, will be used to heat water for general use and for room heating during the cold periods. For room heating, underfloor pipes will be used, through which hot water will be running after it has been heated in the solar panels. Also, a boiler (powered from electricity harvested from PVCs and stored in batteries) for heating during nightime if required.
Pipelines will be placed upon the floor, and then covered with a mixture of tufa - which has been extracted during the room opening -
ETC solar panel
Heating and Cooling Hypocaust A hypocaust (Latin hypocaustum, Greek hypocauston) was an ancient Roman system of underfloor heating, used to heat houses with hot air. The word derives from the Ancient Greek hypo meaning “under” and caust-, meaning “burnt” (as in caustic). The Roman architect Vitruvius, writing about the end of the 1st century B.C., attributes their invention to Sergius Orata. This kind of heating system will be easily carved through the tufa rock allowing hot air to warm up the underground spaces.
Wind | Ventilation Strategy
The shape of the site encourages the wind to be trapped in the gauge. The more efficient way to ventilate the underground dwelling would be by placing openning strategically to those points.
C. MOBILE RESEARCH STATION
Mobile Research stations
The mobile research units are needed because the research group is aiming to collect data from various points in the Cappadocia region. These data requires lengthy recordings an consistent monitoring, therefore, members of the team are required to spend long periods of time and also they need the appropriate equipment in order to collect sufficient amount of data that will allow accurate conclusions. The mobile units are located in that specific spot to allow easy access to the street.
expandable mobile unit with inflatable roof (6 x 2 x 2m - expanding to 6 x 6 x 2m)
Construction detail sketches
3D Section
A’
Hard wood floor Structural grid A Pipes for inflating the roof Structural grid B Brushed aluminium sheet 15mm Metal plate 40mm Flat Truss structural reinforcement Air Pump
Air Pump System
Orthographic
Air Pump 1 Air Pipe system Air Pipe system Air Pipe system Air Pipe system Air Pump 2 Brushed aluminium sheet
PPh Ø50mm PPh socket Ø53mm
A
B
B’
Detail Section B-B’
A’
ETFE Structural grid A Metal sheet Pipes for inflating the roof Structural grid B
Detail Section A-Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
Hard wood floor