Annual+Rep+for+Govt+December+2005

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

Registration No. IN010

Oxfam Annual Report for January to December 2005 (Project expenditures are as of 30th November 2005)

1. Type of Project/Detail: Drought Response Project (ERIA 26) 2. Project Summary: Rehabilitation and/or construction of water sources and public health promotion

3. Location of Project: Arawuti, Adi Hsea and Ziban Debri villages, Areza Sub-Zone 4. Objective of the Project: The main objective of this project was to mitigate the effects of the current drought and improve the target communities’ capacity to cope with future droughts. This was to be achieved through: (a) improving water security by rehabilitating or constructing a total of twelve water sources and (b) reducing water related diseases by providing safe and clean water and improving hygiene practices.

5. Project Description and Activities: Water Infrastructure Ziban Debri: (1) Rehabilitated rain-fed pond (2) Earth dam construction (3) Well construction Arawuti: (1) Three rehabilitated rain-fed ponds: (2) New small earth dam: (3) Construction of two new wells Adi Hsea: (1) Rehabilitated well: (2) New rain-fed pond (3) New hand dug well Hygiene Promotion and Sanitation - Selection and training of community mobilisers - Teachers training on hygiene promotion - Distribution of mosquito nets - Distribution of hygiene items - Cleaning campaign and distribution of environmental cleaning tools - Latrine building

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) 1

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

9. Source of Funds: British Government Department for International Development (DFID) 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 8,874,988 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 7,044,815 Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The community was actively involved in all aspects of the project (site selection, well digging, dam construction, public health promotion etc)

13. Starting/Completion Time: 5th May 2004 until 30th June 2005 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The estimated number of beneficiaries under component (a) is 8,000 (although this figure is expected to rise to 10,930 by mid 2006, once outstanding works are completed during the forthcoming dry season) and under component (b) is 10,930.

15. Results Achieved: Water Infrastructure Ziban Debri: (1) Rehabilitated rain-fed pond: The capacity of this pond was increased by 15% to 8,000m 3. The catchment area was also increased and improvements made to drainage inlets to reduce siltation.

Construction of the infiltration gallery and adjacent shallow well was interrupted in June due to rain flooding the site and filling the pond to full capacity. The pond serves an estimated 500 households.

(2) Earth dam construction: An earth embankment wall 8.0 metres in height, spanning 150 metres was constructed creating a reservoir of 60,000m続 capacity. Hill-side terracing was also undertaken to reduce siltation. Unfortunately, exceptionally heavy rains in July caused the embankment to over top, resulting in a major rupture. This will require significant rebuilding which cannot be undertaken until the end of the year. Until this remedial work is done, the dam will not serve the community.

(3) Well construction: A shallow well 9.0 metres deep has been constructed immediately downstream of the dam and is re-charged from the dam. The well has been installed with a handpump and water testing has confirmed that the water is potable.

Arawuti: (1) Three rehabilitated rain-fed ponds: In Mahkuk, the storage capacity of the pond was increased from approximately 1,500m 3 to 7,000m3.

An infiltration gallery constructed within the bed of the pond ensures that water is filtered before it is abstracted by the handpump. This pond directly serves 170 households.

In Arawuti centre the capacity of the existing pond was increased and an adjacent well and infiltration gallery constructed. Water tests confirm that the filtered water was free from contamination. This pond directly serves 200 households.

In Laelay Adi, a new pond was constructed which now serves 130 households.

(2) New small earth dam: The height of the embankment is 9.0 metres with a span of approximately 70 metres that creates a reservoir of 30,000m 3 capacity. The dam filled to full capacity in early July.

Hillside terracing has been completed to reduce siltation. The dam serves the needs of approximately 372 households.

(3) Construction of two new wells: Associated with the dam and located immediately downstream of it, a shallow well, has been constructed to a depth of 6.0 metres. This is recharged from the dam and water tests have confirmed that the water is potable. This well also serves the above 372 households.

In Semharo, a 7.0 metre deep river terrace well was constructed and fitted with a handpump. This well is providing potable water to 100 households.

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

Adi Hsea: (1) Rehabilitated well: In Adi Gonad, the well was rehabilitated and now serves 170 households.

Water testing has confirmed that this water is safe to drink.

(2) New rain-fed pond: In Adi Gonad, a 5-metres high, 17-metres long masonry retention wall was constructed creating a reservoir of 1,700m 3 capacity. This pond is designed to re-charge the above well.

(3) New hand dug well: In Meray Mokol, a well 5-metres deep has been constructed with a downstream 4.1 metre high masonry sand storage dam designed to improve re-charge. Additionally two small check dams have been constructed further upstream to improve water retention and aquifer recharge. As with all wells, an India Mark III handpump has been installed. The well is the main source of water for 108 families within Meray Mokol and additionally will serve up to 100 households from the centre of Adi Hsea during the critical dry months.

Hygiene Promotion and Sanitation Community mobilisers: A total of 90 community mobilisers have been trained in the three villages (33 in Ziban Debri, 31 in Arawuti and 26 in Adi Hsea). These people have been active in dissemination of health messages both in primary schools and each village neighbourhood alongside the Oxfam public health promotion staff. The method has been through a combination of organised sessions and home visits. An estimated 20,7681 people have participated within these formal and informal training/awareness sessions (comprising 3,269 men, 10,519 women and 6,980 school children).

Distribution of mosquito nets: A total of 3,813 bed nets have been distributed to 2,623 households.

This work was co-ordinated in conjunction with the Ministry of Health and is therefore in accordance with the relevant standards and policies.

Distribution of hygiene items: Public health messages have been complemented by the distribution of key hygiene items to each household within the target villages. These were determined following a baseline survey within each village.

Over the implementation period the following hygiene kits have been distributed in the three villages: Water Container (50 litre) 2,708

Jerry Cans (20 litre) 2,708

Bathing basin 2,708

Jug (1.5 litre) 2,708

Cup (0.5 litre) 2,708

Potties 1,000

Soap (bars) 54,650

Cleaning campaign and distribution of environmental cleaning tools: Environmental cleansing tools have been distributed to facilitate the cleaning campaigns and are owned by individual core committees. In total 95 wheelbarrows, 95 shovels, 95 pick-axes and 95 rakes have been distributed to groups of households (average 1 set per 30 households). Concurrent with this, families were encouraged to dig their own refuse pits and to regularly burn rubbish. A minimum of 351 garbage pits are known to have been constructed (166 in Ziban Debri, 123 in Arawuti and 62 in Adi Hsea). The majority of neighbourhoods are also conducting monthly clean up campaigns around the village to dispose of animal waste and rubbish.

Latrine building: A total of 42 out of a planned 50 latrines have been constructed across the three villages (24 in Ziban Debri, 9 in Arawuti and 9 in Adi Hsea).

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Complete (100%)

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This number is greater than the population of the three villages because some people have particpated in more than one session.

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

17. Constraints and Measures Taken: In Ziban Debri the onset of rains in June delayed construction of the well and infiltration gallery for the rain-fed pond and the exceptionally heavy rains in July caused damage to the earth dam. The relatively poor response from the villages and slow progress in latrine construction indicates the difficulty in changing long established cultural practice of open defecation, the limited resources of the communities and the prioritisation of other issues within these communities. During the next quarter, the above well and infiltration gallery will be constructed in Ziban Debri and the dam wall repaired using Oxfam funds.

18. Lessons Learned: It is difficult to change long standing cultural practices 19. Additional Information: The project is now closed and outstanding activities will be completed within a new project currently underway (please see Remedial Works Project below ERIA 46)

20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Drought Response Project in Adi Wusik Village (ERIA 34) 2. Project Summary: To mitigate the effects of the current drought in Adi Wusik village by improving water security and hygiene promotion. This will be achieved by supporting the construction of a 30,000cm³ (minimum) earth dam for rainwater harvesting, construction of latrines, distribution of hygiene kits and general hygiene awareness.

3. Location of Project: Adi Wusik Village, Areza Sub-Zone 4. Objective of the Project: • To improve community access to water through the construction of a 30,000m 3 earth dam.

• To improve hygiene practices of the targeted community through improved sanitation and hygiene awareness.

5. Project Description and Activities: Construction of a 30,000m3 micro dam Selection and training of community mobilisers Dissemination of hygiene messages Construction of latrines Distribution of hygiene kits and mosquito nets

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: Zoba Administration, in particular the MoA and the MoH 9. Source of Funds: British Embassy and Oxfam 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 1,289,542Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 1,288,043Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The community was actively involved in all aspects of the project (site selection, well digging, dam construction, public health promotion etc)

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st October 2004 until 31st March 2005 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: 3,899 individuals (900 households).

15. Results Achieved Earth dam construction: The embankment wall is 9.0 metres high and spans 70 metres, creating a reservoir of 55,000m3 capacity, much larger than the original estimate. The communities have also completed the rip-rap over the earth wall to protect it from erosion. Following favourable rains, the dam is now full. To prevent flood damage, the spillway was widened and deepened in August.

Hygiene Promotion: 28 community motivators have been trained in PHAST methodology and have been supported to conduct hygiene awareness campaigns.

Distribution of hygiene items: Public health messages have been complemented by the distribution of key hygiene items to each household within the target villages. These were determined following a baseline survey within each village. Over the implementation period the following hygiene kits have been distributed in the three villages: Water Container (50 litre) 900

Jerry Cans (20 litre) 900

Bathing basin 900

Jug (1.5 litre) 900

Cup (0.5 litre) 900

Potties 900

Soap (bars) 23,394

Distribution of mosquito nets: 900 mosquito nets were distributed.

Construction of latrines: 8 out of a planned 20 latrines have been constructed.

Distribution of tools for environmental sanitation: 36 wheelbarrows, 36 shovels, 36 rakes and 36 pickaxes were distributed (average of 1 per 25 households).

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: 100% complete 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: The relatively poor response from the villages and slow progress in latrine construction indicates the difficulty in changing long established cultural practice of open defecation, the limited resources of the communities and the prioritisation of other issues within these communities.

18. Lessons Learned: As above 19. Additional Information: Additional work to widen the spillway for the dam to reduce the risk of possible flood-damage in future years will be completed under the Remedial Works Project to be funded by Oxfam (please see below).

20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Emergency Water Programme (ERIA 35) 2. Project Summary: To mitigate the effects of the current drought in Mai Mine by improving access to potable water. This will be achieved through the construction/rehabilitation of 12 shallow wells in 6 villages of Mai Mine and improving the community capacity to cope with future droughts through training and construction of small water retention walls (check-dams).

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

3. Location of Project: Mai Nahayug, Adi Kentina, Mai Gorzo, Adi Hansa, Mekabir Tsabila and Adi Golbo villages in Maimine Sub-zone

4. Objective of the Project: To improve access to potable water in six target villages through the construction of a total of 11 new wells and rehabilitation of one existing well.

5. Project Description and Activities Construction and/or rehabilitation of 12 wells Training of water committees and water point caretakers

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration.

9. Source of Funds: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO) 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 4,029,029 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 3,841,299 Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The community was actively involved in all aspects of the project (site selection, well digging, dam construction, public health promotion etc)

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st September 2004 until 31st August 2005 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The total number of direct beneficiaries is estimated to be 8,409 within the 6 villages. Additionally there are an estimated 8,587 indirect beneficiaries within Adi Ketina, Mai Gorzo & Mai Nahayug villages who do not take water directly from the three wells constructed under this grant but will benefit due to the net improvements to water availability within the villages, consequently reducing the stress on their own water point.

15. Results Achieved Construction and/or rehabilitation of wells: The table below summarises the project outputs Site Adi Hawiya Mizrae Shinfae Mekabir Tsabla Adi Amine Adi Kelebiet Adi Sheho Adi Hansa Dabre Mai Nahayug Adi Ketina Mai Gorzo Adi Regina

Well Construction (Type & Depth) New Rehabilitated 8.3m 7.5m 7.8m 7.5m 6.3m 7.0m 13.0m 5.6m 9.8m 7.2m 15.0m 8.2m

Check dams constructed 68 8 0 0 4 1 19 0 4 52 14 7

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

177 Training of water committees and water point caretakers: A one-day workshop was held in Mai Mine town and attended by the water committees and waterpoint caretakers from each of the six villages.

During the training the following issues were addressed: preventative handpump maintenance, charging for water, technical support and obtaining spare parts, conflict resolution and trouble shooting. This was followed up by 5 days of practical training at the water-points during which time the pump caretakers were given the opportunity to dismantle and re-assemble a pump and were made aware of the necessary village level preventative maintenance and minor repairs expected.

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Completed (100%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: The relatively short implementation period, due to donor requirements, caused some difficulties in ensuring a satisfactory quality of output was achieved.

Despite this constraint, all outputs were completed to a high standard as planned within the proposal. A small number of check dams were destroyed due to excessively heavy rainfall in June and July and the collapse of an earth dam upstream of two well sites.

18. Lessons Learned: Need to allocate more time to projects to ensure project quality 19. Additional Information: Monitoring will continue 20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Public Health Promotion Project (ERIA 36) 2. Project Summary: To mitigate the effects of the current drought in Mai Mine Sub-zone in relation to hygiene promotion. The project will aim at improving the health status of the target population by changing their risky hygiene behaviour and practices through construction of latrines, distribution of hygiene kits, general hygiene awareness and provide adequate protection against malaria.

3. Location of Project: Adi Hansa, Mekabir Tsabila and Adi Golbo villages, Mai Mine Sub-zone 4. Objective of the Project: To mitigate the effects of the current drought in the target villages through the provision of information, items and facilities to enable them to reduce the incidence of disease.

5. Project Description and Activities • Baseline survey conducted • Identify and train community hygiene mobilisers • Distribution of cleansing materials to village administrations • Distribution of hygiene items and mosquito nets • Construction of latrines in three village administrations • Disseminate hygiene messages to community members

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration in particular the Ministry of Health.

9. Source of Funds: Oxfam Catastrophe Fund 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 2,582,555 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 1,872,970Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The community was actively involved in all aspects of the project (public health promotion etc)

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st December 2004 until 30th November 2005 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: Estimated population of 8809 individuals (about 2,170 households) 15. Results Achieved Hygiene Promotion: 48 community motivators have been selected and trained in PHAST methodology and have been supported to conduct hygiene awareness campaigns. Hygiene messages have been passed onto 9,440 individuals (2,174 men, 6,729 women and 537 school children).

Distribution of hygiene items: Public health messages have been complemented by the distribution of key hygiene items to each household within the target villages. These were determined following a baseline survey within each village. Over the implementation period the following hygiene items have been distributed in the target villages: Village No. of people Adi-Hanse Mekabir Tsabla Total

1242 3992

Water Container (50 litre) 285 1062

5234

1347

Items Distributed Jerry Bathing Jug Cans basin (1.5 litre) (20 litre) 285 285 285 1062 1062 1062 1347

1347

1347

Cup (0.5 litre)

Soap (bars)

285 1062

7,452 24,168

1347

31,620

Distribution of mosquito nets: 2,295 households have received mosquito bed nets.

Construction of latrines: 38 latrines have been constructed.

Distribution of tools for environmental sanitation: These were distributed as follows:Village Administration Adi-Hanse Mekabir Tsabla Total

Shovel 10 35 45

Items Distributed Rake Wheel Barrow 10 10 35 35 45 45

Pick axe 10 35 45

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: 100% Complete 17. Constraints and Measures Taken Project staff could not access Adi Golbo Village and therefore the number of project beneficiaries is reduced. Although Oxfam had provided funds for the hire of machinery to repair the 10 km road

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005 connecting the village to Mai Mine town the contractor was unable to complete the project (only 2.7 km of the road was repaired after 6-months). No other machinery (Government or private) could be accessed to complete the road.

18. Lessons Learned: Services can only be provided to villages that are accessible 19. Additional Information Original planned activities are completed. Access to Adi Golbo is still not possible. Due to a short fall in funding for public health activities to complement new water projects this project will use unspent funds to support the start up of new public health activities in villages where Oxfam is currently working.

20. Remarks: None

1. Type of Project/Detail: Drought Response Project (ERIA 38) 2. Project Summary: Oxfam in Eritrea seeks to mitigate the effects of the current drought in Debub Zone in relation to water security and hygiene promotion. This is a supplementary project to a previous project to increase the capacity of the dam from 100,000m続 to 120,000m続.

3. Location of Project: Hatsina Village, Areza Sub-zone 4. Objective of the Project To improve access to sufficient quantities of water for drinking, cooking personal and domestic hygiene for 2,500 people.

To reduce the incidence of hygiene related diseases and malaria through improved access to facilities and information 5. Project Description and Activities (1) improving access to and availability of potable water; (2) improving sanitation and hygiene practices. Clean water will be supplied by construction of a shallow well downstream of the dam.

Complementary hygiene promotion activities, which include distribution of hygiene kits and soap to targeted households will maximise the health benefits of this new water source. In addition, provision of mosquito nets will reduce the incidence of malaria

6.

Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba Administration in particular the MoA.

9. Source of Funds: State of Jersey and Oxfam own funds 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 2,098,135 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 2,030,731 Nfa

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

12. Participation of the Community: The community was actively involved in all aspects of the project 13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st February 2005 until April 30th 2006 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The project will benefit an estimated population of 2,500 individuals (about 500 households).

15. Results Achieved Construction of earthen dam: The earthen dam with capacity of 100,000m 3 has been completed.

Construction of shallow well: Digging of the shallow well down stream of the dam has started and should be completed by the end of December.

Hygiene Promotion: 6 community motivators have been selected and trained in PHAST methodology and have been supported to conduct hygiene awareness campaigns. Hygiene messages have been passed onto 1,047 individuals (126 households, 325 males, 573 females and 149 school children).

Distribution of hygiene items: Public health messages have been complemented by the distribution of key hygiene items to each household within the target villages. These were determined following a baseline survey within each village. Over the implementation period the following hygiene kits have been distributed: Water Container (50 litre) 140

Jerry Cans (20 litre) 140

Bathing basin 140

Jug (1.5 litre) 140

Cup (0.5 litre) 140

Soap (bars) 3,780 (630 individuals)

Distribution of mosquito nets: 126 households have received 280 mosquito bed nets.

Distribution of tools for environmental sanitation: 6 sets (wheelbarrows, shovel, rake and pickaxes) were distributed.

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Ongoing (95%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: Limited labour force from within the nearest satellite village delayed the start of well construction.

18. Lessons Learned:None 19. Additional Information: Additional work to widen the spillway for the dam to reduce the risk of possible flood-damage in future years will be completed under the Remedial Works Project to be funded by Oxfam (please see below ERIA 46).

20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Emergency Provision of Agricultural Inputs Project (ERIA 41) 2. Project Summary: Agricultural production has been seriously hampered in the previous 5 years in Eritrea with the cumulative effects of the current drought in addition to border tensions and possible conflicts. In order to improve the local productivity Oxfam has proposed to undertake an innovative approach to improve agricultural production of 5301 vulnerable farmers in Mai Mine and Areza through the provision of timely and good quality agricultural inputs.

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

3. Location of Project: Adi Kudada, Adi Morho, Adi Ashker, Adi Hanse, Mai Gorzo and Dabre villages in Mai Mine Sub-zone. Arawati, Adi Hsea, Ziban Debri, Buhnuna, Dogmoment, Adi Guroto, Adebal and Hatsina villages in Areza Sub-zone 4. Objective of the Project •

To improve agricultural production of 5,301 vulnerable farmers through the provision of timely and good quality agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizer, tools)

•

To boost the local economy through the utilisation of local framers/ traders to provide the agricultural inputs

•

To increase the capacity of local farmers to improve agricultural yields.

5. Project Description and Activities: The project will achieve the above objectives through the implementation of seed fairs in the target villages. This will allow farmers to access local varieties of their choosing and also boost the local economy by sourcing the seeds from local producers/traders. The distribution of fertilizer and tools will assist the farmers to make use of the seeds.

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in close collaboration with Haben, the Ministry of Agriculture, the village administrations and the local communities.

9. Source of Funds: Oxfam Christmas Gift Catalogue Fund 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 3,945,000 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 3,732,490 Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The seed fair project has been designed with full participation of the communities and the local administration. The communities were able to identify the selection criteria, the number of beneficiaries in each village, the type of seeds and tools they want to be available in the fair. Similarly, the communities were instrumental in identifying the potential suppliers of seeds and the designing of the distribution plan.

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st May 2005 until 31st December 2005 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages Sub Zoba Areza

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kebabi Administration

Total Households

Sub Zoba

Adi Nifas Adi Wusk Mai Dima Ade bal Geza Dingur Deresilassei Arawti Adi Hsea

226 100 280 100 250 100 200 150

Mai Mine

1 2 3 4 5 6

Kebabi Administration

Total Households

Dabre Adi Kudada Adi Hanse Adi Merho Adi Ashker Mai Gorzo Total

842 600 283 451 243 582 3001

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005

9 10 11 12 13

Hantsetsa Ziban Debri Bunnuna Dogmemet Hatsina Total

60 200 230 250 154 2300 Grand total = 5301

15. Results Achieved • The direct outcome/ result/ of the project is that 5301 vulnerable households have access to seed and agricultural inputs that enable them to plough their plots on time • Improve the local economy by providing cash injection to local traders and farmers. It opened an opportunity for the community in the project area to sell their agricultural inputs within their localities with out travelling long distances • It opened opportunities for the farmers to exchange views/information/on the availability and quality of seeds within their homes.

• Improve the household food security from the end of 2005 due promising rainfall in the project area and due to the improved yield.

• Open an opportunity to share experience and information among stakeholders Quantity of Seed Bought by Beneficiaries During Seed Fairs Crop type Barley Chick pea Cow pea Finger millet Faba Bean Maize Sorghum Teff Wheat Total

Quantity Bought in Areza (MT) 10.2 3.5 2.4 22.6 2.5 14.0 22.7 7.0 2.5 87.4

Quantity Bought in Mai Mine (MT) 9.91 0 0 29.18 0 11.18 29.73 21.72 1.3 103.02

Total (MT) 20.11 3.5 2.4 51.78 2.5 25.18 52.43 28.72 3.8 190.42

Total (%) 11 2 1 27 1 13 28 15 2 100

Agricultural Tools and Fertiliser Distributed

Ploughs

'kerfes' (Pcs) 'Dugri' (pairs) Fertilizer (Qt)

Areza Quantity

Beneficiaries

1750 3001 1251 500

1750 3001 1251 1000

Mai Mine Quantity

Beneficiaries

2300 2300

2300 2300

1150

2300

Monitoring: Field visits indicated that the rains this year is much better than each of the past five years. In some villages that have experienced limited rains, grasshopper and beetle started to attack crops.

Farmer training: A one-week farmer training was held in Geza Dinjur. This was organized and facilitated by the Areza Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) office and funded by Oxfam. The training content included soil and water conservation, crop management, crop production and usage of herbicides and fertilizer. In the workshop 22 farmers were trained (8 women, 14 men).

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005 Distribution of sprayers: Following a request from the MoA to help respond to the above grasshopper and locust attacks, 50 sprayers were distributed to the following village administrations. The MoA has provided pesticide and training.

Villages in Main Mine Adi Hanse Adi Kudada Dabre Adi Ashker Adi Merho

Number of sprayers 5 5 5 5 5

Total

25

Villages in Areza Arawati Ziban Debri Buhnuna Dogmoment Deressilassie Adi Wusik Total

Number of sprayers 4 4 5 4 4 4 25

Additional fertilisers: Following a request from the MoA, transport was provided for 2000 bags of fertiliser (100kg/bag) from Gash Barkar to Mai Mine. 500 bags were sent to De Barwa, Mendefera, Adi Quala and Mai Mine.

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Ongoing (98%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: For the distribution of fertiliser, only 3,300 households were covered due to supply problems. Difficulty in accessing sites in Maimine due to difficulty in receiving travel permits.

18. Lessons Learned • The project experienced that there were shortage of fertilizers and agricultural tools in Eritrea.

To overcome these problems 3 to 4 months of preparation time is needed.

• The need to work closely with the MoA. • Ensure community participation through the establishment of local seed fair committees.

• Provide training on seed fairs to community seed fair committees, seed sellers and the local administrative bodies to ensure a clear understanding on the seed fair approach.

19. Additional Information: Monitoring of harvest is ongoing and a project evaluation will be conducted in December

20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Emergency Water Programme (ERIA 43) 2. Project Summary: The project will mitigate the effects of the current drought in Debub by improving access to and availability of water.

3. Location of Project - Adi Ashker, Esekua, Dok Doknabo and Merobi villages in Mai Mine Sub-zone - Dogmomet Village in Areza Sub zone - Gila Ahifera and Adi Felesti villages in Debarwa Sub zone

4. Objective of the Project: Relieve the burden on target population through improved water availability for human and livestock consumption. This will be achieved through construction of shallow wells equipped with hand pumps, micro dams and one piped solar water system. It is expected that the project will provide year-round access to water within each village and halve the

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Oxfam Annual Report 2005 average time each family spends fetching water during the critical dry months through reduced distance to water source and a reduction in queuing times.

5. Project Description and Activities (i) Construction of 3 earth dams (ii) Construction of 11 shallow wells (iii) Construction of one piped water system (iv) Construction of water conservation measures within each catchment

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration and the Water Resources Department in Asmara

8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration in particular the MoA.

9. Source of Funds: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO) 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 6,975,575 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 2,934,086 Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The community are actively involved in all aspects of the project 13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st August 2005 until 30th April 2006 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The project aims to assist a target population of 12,589 people 15. Results Achieved Dams construction: Two dams are nearing completion (both in Debarwa). Design work for the third dam is underway and site selection for wells are underway.

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Ongoing (35%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: Difficulty in accessing sites in Maimine due to difficulty in receiving travel permits

18. Lessons Learned: None as yet 19. Additional Information: None 20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Long Term Development Programme (ERIA 44) 2. Project Summary: As a result of four consecutive years of drought, most households in Eritrea have had their livelihoods bases depleted and their coping mechanisms eroded. In response, Oxfam proposes to engage in more long-term development programme work in order to address

14

Oxfam Annual Report 2005 the poverty challenges of the vulnerable households. This is part of the country's five-year strategy that focuses on humanitarian response and long-term development.

3. Location of Project: Adi Hanse, Adi Merho, Daero Hara, Debre Mariam, Adi Ashker and Adi Kudada villages, Mai Mine Sub-zone

4. Objective of the Project: To assist the target communities, in particular vulnerable households, to recover from the effects of drought on their livelihoods and to strengthen their household livelihood coping strategies.

5.

-

Project Description and Activities Seed multiplication Livestock re-stocking Income generation activities

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration, in particular the MoA and in consultation with the village administrations and the National Agriculture Research Institute (NARI). Consultations are ongoing.

7. Approval of the Project: This project will be approved by the Debub Zoba Administration and the MoA and NARI

8. Partners: The main partners will be the National Agriculture Research Institute and the Ministry of Agriculture

9. Source of Funds: Oxfam and donors to be identified 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 3,272,115 Nfa (Phase One) 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 105,718 Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The target communities will be involved in all aspects of the programme projects

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st October 2005 until 30th September 2008 (3 years). Phase One will be from 1st October 2005 until 31st December 2006 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages The estimated beneficiaries for Phase One are summarized in the table below Village

Adi Hanse Adi Merho Daero Hara Debre Mariam Adi Ashker Adi Kudada Mai Mine Total

No. Households (No. of people) 285 (1152) 451 (1667) 262 (1194) 723 (2850) 245 (1040) 600 (3812) 2,566 (12,830)

Beneficiaries by Activity (households) Seed Multiplication

2250*

29 45 26 72 25 60

87 135 78 216 75 180

2,250

257

771

33 33 34

100

Animal Re-stocking

Income generation 167 167 197 197 167 167 20** 1082

15

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

Total No. of Beneficiaries

4,460 households (22,300 people)

15. Results Achieved: None yet 16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Start-up phase (1%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: Difficulty in accessing sites in Maimine due to difficulty in receiving travel permits

18. Lessons Learned: None yet 19. Additional Information: None 20. Remarks: None 1. Type of Project/Detail: Drought Response Project (ERIA 45) 2. Project Summary: This project forms part of Oxfam GB’s overall humanitarian/public health drought response programme, which is addressing needs within the worst affected villages of Areza and Mai Mine sub-zones of Debub zone. Its key purpose is to mitigate the effects of the current drought and improve the target communities’ capacity to cope with future drought events This is a new project scheduled to commence in the next quarter.

3. Location of Project: Adi Belsey and Dogmomet villages in Areza Sub-zone 4. Objective of the Project: To improve access to water for 3,140 people and their livestock in two drought affected villages of Areza through construction of two earth dams

5. Project Description and Activities: Construction of a micro-dam of a minimum 30,000 cubic metres capacity in Adi Belsey and a micro-dam of a minimum 60,000 cubic metres capacity in Dogmomet

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration and the Water Resources Department in Asmara

8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration in particular the MoA.

9. Source of Funds Oxfam Hong Kong and the British Embassy in Asmara 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 3,036,493 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 1,878 Nfa

16

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

12. Participation of the Community: The community will be actively involved in all aspects of the project such as siting of the dams, clearing of debris from the dam sites, installing the ‘rip-rap’ and managing the water.

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st October 2005 until 31st May 2006 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The project will benefit in Dogmomet Village, 765 households or 3,081 individuals and in Adi Belsey Village, 220 households or 1,310 individuals

15. Results Achieved: None yet 16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Not yet started 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: Machinery are still busy at Debarwa sites (project ERIA 43) 18. Lessons Learned: None 19. Additional Information: None 20. Remarks: Following a request from the Debub Administration, the site of Adi Belsey may be changed to Adi Kemsho

1. Type of Project/Detail: Areza Remedial Water Construction Works Project (ERIA 46) 2. Project Summary: In 2005, Oxfam implemented a drought response programme in 5 villages of Areza to improve water infrastructure (ERIA 26). Whilst this programme was largely successful, heavy flooding in one village following project completion, caused major damage to one of four earth dams and highlighted the need to carried out some remedial action at two other dam sites to minimise the risk of damage in future years. The early onset of the 2005 rains also prevented planned works at 2 ponds from being completed. This project will enable work at these four sites to be rectified/completed.

3. Location of Project: Ziban Debri, Adi Wusik, Arawuti and Hatsina villages in Areza sub zone 4. Objective of the Project: To ensure all water infrastructure implemented by Oxfam in Areza in 2005 are completed according to the original project commitments made by Oxfam.

5. Project Description and Activities: Rehabilitation of Ziban Debri dam, completion of Ziban Debri pond, reduce leakage at Mahkuk pond and widen spillways at Hatsina and Adi Wusik villages

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project was selected by Oxfam in collaboration with the Debub Zoba Administration in consultation with the village administration

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration and the Water Resources Department in Asmara

8. Partners: This project was implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration in particular the MoA.

9. Source of Funds Oxfam GB own funds

17

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 1,094,816 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: The community will be actively involved in all aspects of the projects such as providing labour to clear the sites, install the ‘rip-rap’ and manage the water.

13. Starting/Completion Time: 1st October 2005 until 30th April 2006 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The project will benefit Ziban Debri, Mahkuk, Hatsina and Adi Wusik villages( as per projects listed above ERIA 26, ERIA 34 and ERIA 38)

15. Results Achieved: Design work is underway for the above project sites.

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Ongoing (2%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: Machinery are still busy at the Debarwa sites (project ERIA 43) 18. Lessons Learned: None 19. Additional Information: None 20. Remarks: Major project work is expected to commence in December 2005 1. Type of Project/Detail: Public Health Promotion Project in Mai Mine, Areza and Debarwa subZones, Debub (ERIA 47)

2. Project Summary: The project seeks to improve the health status and mitigate the effects of chronic drought in Debub Zone through hygiene promotion and improving access to safe and clean water at the household level. The project is based on past Oxfam public health promotion projects and is complementary to ongoing Oxfam projects in these areas. This project will be implemented by Oxfam GB in collaboration with the local administration. The project also seeks to review the current and past Oxfam public health promotion projects and adjust the country strategy as necessary 3. Location of Project: - Adi Ashker, Esekua/Dok Doknabo and Merobi in Mai Mine Sub-zone - Dogmomet, Adi Belsey and/or Adi Kemesho in Areza Sub zone - Gila Ahifera and Adi Felesti in Debarwa Sub zone

4. Objective of the Project: 1. Target community members will be better able to reduce the incidence of water-borne diseases throughout the year 2. Oxfam in Eritrea will have an updated public health promotion strategy that meets the needs of the poor within the target area 5. Project Description and Activities: a. A baseline survey will be conducted to finalize the details of the following project components b. Selection of community hygiene motivators c. Conduct training with the community hygiene motivators on dissemination of key hygiene messages using the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation methodology (PHAST) d. Design and conduct hygiene education sessions within elementary schools e. Conduct an external review of the public health promotion strategy

18

Oxfam Annual Report 2005 f. Design and disseminate hygiene and water-borne disease prevention messages based upon the above g. Design and procure appropriate hygiene items and conduct a dissemination strategy i. Conduct an end of project KAP survey to evaluate the impact of the project

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project is a result of consultation between Oxfam staff, local authorities and community members. In addition, community members are currently participating in a base-line survey conducted by Oxfam's public health promotion team to finalize the detailed project components.

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: This project will be implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration including the MoH

9. Source of Funds: Oxfam Catastrophe Funds and Oxfam own funds 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 1,792,398 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: 18,109 Nfa 12. Participation of the Community: Community members will participate in all activities, in particular through community hygiene motivators who will be chosen by the community members to receive training from the project and be equipped to extend project messages and actively conduct project activities.

13. Starting/Completion Time: 31st October 2005 until 31st August 2006 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: The project will benefit up to 12,589 people as for project ERIA 43 and 4,391 people as for project ERIA 45.

15. Results Achieved: Baseline surveys in Areza and Debarwa are underway 16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Ongoing (1%) 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: Access to project sites in Maimine due to difficulty in receiving travel permits

18. Lessons Learned: None 19. Additional Information: None 20. Remarks: This project complements projects ERIA 43 and 45 above 1. Type of Project/Detail: Debub Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (PIP P00295) 2. Project Summary: This programme will improve access to potable water, improve hygiene practices and sanitation within five administrative villages of Mai Mine sub zone, Debub Zone, Eritrea. This will be accomplished through the construction or rehabilitation of an average of five water points per village, hygiene promotion and promotion of household water treatment methods and safe sanitation

19

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

3. Location of Project: Adi Merho, Daerohara, Adi Kudada, Adi Nala and Adi Chugono Village Administrations (see below for detail)

4. Objective of the Project: Improved domestic water supply and public health within five administrative villages of Mai Mine Sub-zone.

5. Project Description and Activities: (1) Development of new water infrastructure: A total of 23 wells, 3 micro dams, 2 ponds and up to 300 check dams will be constructed as part of this project to increase water availability within each village.

(2) Promotion of household water treatment: This project will introduce household water filters and solar disinfection to communities as appropriate means of improving the quality of water consumed within the household.

(3) Hygiene and sanitation promotion: (i) A key focus of hygiene promotion will be targeted around school activities in elementary schools (5-12 year olds). Delivery of messages will either be during lessons or as part of after-school health clubs. The project will utilise a methodology known as Children’s Hygiene And Sanitation Training (CHAST). (ii) Adult groups will also set up to address hygiene and sanitation issues within each village.

Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) will be used as the programme approach and it is planned to set up a total of 30 PHAST groups. (iii) Hygiene promotion will be complemented by promotion of safe excreta disposal. This may include construction of pit latrines and the programme will support improved sanitation through construction of school latrines and provision of materials to enable individual households to construct their own latrine.

6. Justification (by whom and how the project was selected): This project is a result of consultation between Oxfam staff, Zoba authorities and community members.

7. Approval of the Project: This project was approved by the Debub Zoba Administration 8. Partners: This project will be implemented by Oxfam in collaboration with the village and Debub Zoba administration including the MoH and MoA

9. Source of Funds: European Union (75%) and Oxfam own funds (25%) 10. Cost of the Project (Nafka): 16,075,612 Nfa 11. Actual Expenditure of the Project: None 12. Participation of the Community: Community members will participate in all activities, in particular the water management committees and community hygiene motivators who will be chosen by the community members to receive training from the project and be equipped to extend project messages and actively conduct project activities.

13. Starting/Completion Time: Two years from receipt of funding (estimated start date is March 2006) 14. Number of Beneficiaries/Villages: Administration

Satellite

Population

Micro

Ponds

No. of

Water

20

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

Adi Nala

Adi Merho Daero hara

Adi Kudada

Adi Chugono

villages Adi Bene Biet Gebriel Adi Nala Adi Chira Adi Selefa Adi Mekeba Adi Amiq Adi Merho Adi Kulieta Adi Hageray Daero Hara Adi Chira Adi Hatsibi Adi Werera Adi Kudada Adi Kushet Adi Solemon Adi Kusad Mayats Adi Ano Adi Chugono Adi Meshabo Adi Gurdi Geza Shaka Adi Beza

(Households) 145 107 165 56 118 122 126 343 61 101 298

190 80 70 100 70 90 290 360 100 77 180 3,249

dams

wells 1 1 1

Conservation Check dams

1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 3

Check dams Check dams

1 1 1 1

Sand storage, sub surface & check dams

2 2 1 1 2 23

Sand storage & sub surface dams

1

3

2

15. Results Achieved: Proposal has been submitted to the European Union. Oxfam funding is secured.

16. Status and Progress (percentiles) of the Project: Proposed 17. Constraints and Measures Taken: None 18. Lessons Learned: None 19. Additional Information: None 20. Remarks:

21

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

Summary of Projects Completed in 2005 and Current and Planned Projects for 2006 (as of December 2005) 2 No.

Project Type/Detail

Location

SubZoba

Total Budget (Nakfa)

Actual Expend.

(Nakfa)

Prog %

- Completion of water infrastructure - Training of community mobilisers - Distribution of hygiene items, mosquito nets and environmental tools - Construction of latrines

8,874,9 88

7,044,81 5

100

-Completion of micro dam -Training of community mobilisers -Dissemination of hygiene messages -Construction of latrines -Distribution of hygiene kits and mosquito nets -Construction/ rehabilitation of 12 wells -Training of water committees and water point caretakers

1,289,5 42

1,288,04 3

4,029,0 29

-Baseline survey -Train community hygiene mobilisers -Distribute cleansing materials - Distribution of hygiene items and mosquito nets - Construction of latrines

2,582,5 55

Village

1

Drought Response Project (ERIA 26)

Areza

Arawuti, Adi Hsea and Ziban Debri,

2

Drought Response Project (ERIA 34)

Areza

Adi Wusik

3

Emergency Water Programme (ERIA 35)

Maimine

4

Public Health Promotion Project (ERIA 36)

Maimine

Mai Nahayug, Adi Kentina, Mai Gorzo, Adi Hansa, Mekabir Tsabila and Adi Golbo Adi Hansa, Mekabir Tsabila and Adi Golbo

2

Activities Done

Starting Time

Completio n Time

Remarks

5th May 2004

30th June 2005

100

1st October 2004

31st March 2005

Project is closed but activities will be completed within a new project (see below ERIA 46) None

3,841,29 9

100

1st September 2004

31st August 2005

None

1,872,97 0

98

1st December 2004

30th November 2005

None

The Oxfam GB financial year is from 1st May to 30th April. Additional projects may be developed after December 2005 for commencement in calendar year 2006

22

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

5

Drought Response Project (ERIA 38)

6

Emergency Provision of Agricultural Inputs Project (ERIA 41)

Areza

Hatsina

Maimine

Adi Kudada, Adi Morho, Adi Ashker, Adi Hanse, Mai Gorzo and Dabre

Areza

7

Emergency Water Programme (ERIA 43)

8

Long term Development Programme (ERIA 44)

9

Drought Response

Maimine

Arawati, Adi Hsea, Ziban Debri, Buhnuna, Dogmoment, Adi Guroto, Adebal and Hatsina Adi Ashker, Esekua, Dok Doknabo and Merobi

Areza

Dogmomet

Debarwa

Gila Ahifera and Adi Felesti Adi Hanse, Adi Merho, Daero Hara, Debre Mariam, Adi Ashker and Adi Kudada Adi Belsey and

Maimine

Areza

-Disseminate hygiene messages -Completion of water infrastructure -Training of community mobilisers -Distribution of hygiene items, mosquito nets and environmental tools - Construction of latrines -Monitor progress of crops planted from seeds distributed during the seed fair -Conduct farmer training for those farmers inexperienced in using ploughs -Access additional fertiliser for Mai Mine - Start to plan project evaluation

2,098,1 35

2,030,73 1

95

1st February 2005

30th April 2006

None

3,945,0 00

3,732,49 0

98

1st May 2005

31st December 2005

None

-Dam construction in both sites in Debarwa nearing completion.

-Design work for dam in Dogmomet nearing completion - Sites assessments in additional sites underway

6,975,5 75

2,934,08 6

35

1st August 2005

30th April 2006

None

- Assessments carried out by Oxfam, NARI and MoA - Proposal for phase one has been prepared and sent to donors

3,272,1 15

105,718

1

1st October 2005

31st December 2006

Phase One of a 3-year project

-Select contractors - Complete design of dams

3,036,4 93

1,878

Not yet started

1st October 2005

31st May 2006

Possible site

23

Oxfam Annual Report 2005

Project (ERIA 45)

10

11

12

Areza Remedial Water Construction Works Project (ERIA 46) Public Health Promotion Project (ERIA 47)

Debub Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (PIP P00295)

Dogmomet

Areza

MaiMine,

Ziban Debri, Adi Wusik, Arawuti and Hatsina

- Site assessments

1,094,8 16

72,847

2

1st October 2005

30th April 2006

Adi Ashker, Esekua/Dok Doknabo and Merobi

- Baseline surveys conducted in Gila Ahifera and Adi Felesti

1,792,3 98

18,109

1

31st October 2005

31st August 2006

- Proposal prepared and submitted to donors

16,075, 612

Not yet started

1st March 2006

March 2008

Areza

Dogmomet, Adi Belsey and/or Adi Kemesho

Debarwa

Gila Ahifera Adi Felesti Adi Merho, Daerohara, Adi Kudada, Adi Nala and Adi Chugono

MaiMine

0

change from Adi Belsey to Adi Kemsho Major project work to start in December This project compleme nts projects ERIA 43 and 45 above

None

24