z«_ 04 Îo 05 \Vìß 2010
¶ þ é Ö Í ] B ï â | ª ì Ä º ï ç\ B º ï ¹ [ g > « ¡ ØÃ u Å m
\Vü¼ïV ÂØ«D¹[ \V¹çï
EÅÍ> ïâ|\Vªºïâz Fe-500 >« TMT c®]Râ½ïçá ïVºþZâ ïâ|\Vªºï¹_ ÃB[Ã|Ý> ¼kõ|D
1
st
Now 1 Time in Pudukkottai
try n E ee Fr
21st - 25th April- 2010, Lena mahal, Pudukkottai. Timing : 4.00 p.m to 9.00 p.m. Saturday & Sunday : 10.00 a.m. to 9.00 p.m.
Organised by
Media Partner
Stalls Booking Open
Project Chairman
Er. N. KANAGARAJAN Ph. 04322- 220467, Mob.: 94431 20467 e-mail.: nkanagarajan@yahoo.com
Civil Engineers’ Association Pudukkottai. 2
¸_¦ìü kVFü
z«_ 04 \Vìß 2010 Îo 05 ¼\ü]öBVì
8
EÅÍ> ïâ|\Vªºïâ| Fe - 500 >« TMT c®]Râ½ïçá ïVºþZâ ïâ|\Vªºï¹_ ÃB[Ã|Ý> ¼kõ|D.
12
z½lòÂï T| ïâ|¼kVì EÍ>çªÂz...
18
ïV[þZâ ïVì|ï^, ïV[þZâ »|ØÃVòâï^
22
Wéå|ÂïÝ]ªV_ kòD í|>_ ¶ß·sçé...
28
«VÛ«VÛ ¼ÄVwçª ¼>½....
35
Build on a Budget
40
sa©Aðì¡ ¼ï^sïÓD, Ã]_ïÓD...
41
ï⦦Ý][ >«D, káìßE, ÃVmïV©A...
48
ØÄF]ï^
54
ïâ|\Vª ØÃVòâï¹[ sçé
60
\Vìß 2010
3
¸_¦ìü kVFü
ØÃV¤Qì. ¶. T«©Ã[, M.E., (Struct), FIE, MICI, Dipll & AL
x[ªV^ EÅ©AÝ>çéç\© ØÃV¤BVáì, >tµåV| ØÃVm©ÃèÝmçÅ WìkVï ÖBÂzåì, ØÃV¤. ¶. T«©Ã[ & ¶¼ÄVE¼Bâü, ØÄ[çª 600 106.
Îò åVâ½[ káìßEÂz x[¼ªuÅÝ]uz kVµÂçïÝ >« cBìsuz ïâ|åìï¹[ úz >çéBVBm. Îò Äx>VBÝ][ ïçé ÃõÃV| åVïöïD x>oBkuçÅ ÃçÅÄVu®D ïâ|\Vªº ïÓÂzß ØÄVÍ>ÂïV«ìï^ ïâ|åìï¼á. ØÃòD ÃVéVªkìï¹[ ¼kçé kVF©¸uzD åVâ½[ Äx>VBÝ][ ØÃVòáV>V« x[¼ªuÅÝ]uzD xâ|ØïV|Ým x[ªMl_ WuÃkìïÓD ïâ|åìï¼á ¨[ÅV_ ¶m tçïBVïVm. ¨ª¼k ¶kìï¹[ úz / Ãè Ãu¤ ïâ|åìï^ ØÃòç\© æéVD, ØÃòt>D ØïV^áéVD. ¶¼> Ä\BÝ]_ åVâ½[ x[¼ªuÅÝ]uz ¶½Ý>áD ¶ç\Ým gè¼k«Vï sáºzD ïâ|åìïÓÂz Äx>VB ¶ÂïçÅ¥D Äx>VB© ØÃV®©AD ¼kõ|D. ØÄV_éV\¼é¼B Ãé ïâ|åìï^ ¶kì>D ï¦ç\ïçá¥D ØÃV®©Aïçá¥D cðìÍm ØÄB_Ãâ|kòkm \þµßEB¹ÂþÅm. gªV_ ïâ|åìïÓ^ Îò z¤©¸â¦ Ãz]lªì ÖkuçÅ© Ãu¤ ¨_éVD ïkçé©Ã¦Vm ÖéVÃD Î[çżB μ« z¤Â¼ïVáVï ØïVõ| ØÃV®©¸[¤ß ØÄB_Ãâ|kòkm åDç\©¼ÃV[¼ÅVìÂz ïkçé ¶¹©Ã>Vï c^ám. ( Ä\BA«Ým gÝ>V ¶Ëk© ¼ÃVm ïõ½Ým ÄVÃtâ|D kòþÅV^. Öm ¼ÃV>Vm ) ¨ª¼k ¶kìïÓÂØïª ¸[ÃuÅÝ>Âï ÃÝm kaïVâ½ Øå¤ïçá© ÃÝm ïâ¦çáïáVïÝ Ø>ösÂï sçwþ¼ÅVD.
\Vìß 2010
4
¸_¦ìü kVFü
1. ¨Í> ïâ|\Vª ¼kçélçªß ØÄFB ΩAÂØïVõ¦VKD / ØÄFBÝØ>V¦ºzk>uz x[ ï⦦ cöç\BVἫV| sökVª Ø>¹¡ç¦B ΩÃÍ>Ýç> / AöÍmðì¡ ÄVÝ]çªÝ >BVöÝm ¨¿Ým k½s_ ? . 20Âz zçÅs_éV xÝ]ç«Ý>V¹_ ÖòkòD çïØBV©Ãtâ| çkÝm ØïV^á¼kõ|D. E® E® ¶FB©ÃV|ï^ / >kÅVª cá©AöÍmç«ï^ /cá¼ku®ç\ï^ °uæV\_ ïV©Ã>uz ÖÍ> ¨¿Ým k½k ΩÃÍ>¼\ ØÃòD c>sBVï ÖòÂzD. 2. ïâ|\Vª ¼kçélçªÝ Ø>V¦ºzx[ ¶Í> ïâ|\VªÝ]uz (¶«·ßÄVì¸_) xçÅBVï ΩA>_ ØÃÅ©Ãâ½òÂþÅ>V ¨[Ãç> c®]ØÄFm ØïV^á¼kõ|D. xçÅBVª ΩA>_ ØÃÅV> ïâ|\Vªºïçáß ØÄF]¦ ïâ|åì BVòD x[k«Âí¦Vm. Öm\VØÃòD ï¦ç\. Öç>©ØÃu¤¦ ï⽦ cöç\BVáìïÓÂz ÖB[Å kçïl_ c>s¦¼kõ|D. 3. ï⦦D ïâ|D ¼ÃVm ï⦦ cöç\BVáì ØÄV_þÅVì ¨[Ã>uïVï ΩA>é¹Âï©Ã⦠kç«Ã¦ºïÓÂz s]xçÅïçá *¤ z¤©ÃVï ïVol¦ ¶á¡ïçá zçÅÝmD Ö«õ| \V½ïÓÂz ΩA>_ kVºþsâ| ?[® / åV[z \V½ï^ ï⦡D ΩAÂØïV^áÂí¦Vm. Ö>ªV_ Ö®]l_ ÃV]Âï©Ã¦©¼ÃVkm ï⦦Ýç> ïâ|¼kVì \â|\_é ¶ç> sçéÂz kVºþ©ÃB[ Ã|Ým¼kVòD ¨[Ãç> ïâ|åìï^ cðìÍm
ÖÍ> zuÅÝ]uz c¦Íç>BVï ÖòÂïÂí¦Vm. 4. ï⦦ ¼kçéïçáÝ Ø>V¦ºzx[ >z]¥D ]Åç\¥D cç¦B k½kç\©A© ØÃV¤BVáö¦tòÍm ïâ|\Vª k½kç\©A \u®D k竩æºï^ ØÃÅ©Ãâ|^áªkV ¨[Ãç> c®]ØÄFm ØïV^á¼kõ|D. ¶Ým¦[ W_éVm k½kç\©¸_ c^ákV¼Å ïâ|\Vª ¶á¡ïçáÝ >kÅVm ï禩¸½Âï ¼kõ|D. 5. ïâ|\VªÝ]_ >«\Vª ïâ|\Vª© ØÃVò^ïçá¼B ÃB[Ã|Ý]¦¼kõ|D. >«ºzçÅÍ> x[ÅVÍ>« / åVéVÍ>«© ØÃVò^ïçá ¶Å¼k séÂþ¦ ¼kõ|D. >«\Vª ØÃVò^ïçá¥D ]Åç\BVª ¼kçéÝ]ÅÝ]uzD í|>_ sçé sþ>xD ØÃu®ÂØïV^áéVD. 6. k ½ k ç \ © A / k ç « à ¦ º ï ¹ _ ØÄV_é©Ãâ½ò©Ã>uz ¼\éVï / í|>éVï ïâ|\Vª© ØÃVò^ïçá© ÃB[Ã|Ý] ØÄéçk íâ|kç>¥D ØÃVò^ïçá Tð½©Ãç>¥D ïõ½©ÃVïÝ>sìÝ]¦ ¼kõ|D. ¼>çkÂï]ï\Vª c®]Râ½Â ïD¸ï^ (Extra Rebars) ¼ÃV|kmD, í|>éVª ¶ás_ ïVºþZâ c®©Aï¹[ ¶á¡ïçá kVì©ÃmD (Oversize) TðVªçk ¨[Ãç> ÎËØkVò ïâ|åòD cð« ¼kõ|D.
\Vìß 2010
5
¸_¦ìü kVFü 7.
ΩÃÍ>ÂïVéD ïâ|\Vª ïVéD (Time Schedule) ¨[Ãm tï tï xÂþB\Vªm. ¨ª¼k ØÃVFBVª ïV«ðºïçá¥D ÄVÂz ¼ÃVÂzïçá¥D ØÄV_o ïâ|\Vª ïVéÝ]çª Àâ¦Vm z¤©¸â¦ ïVéÝ]uz^ x½ÝmÝ>«¼kõ|D. Ö>ªV_ ÃB[ØÃÅ© ¼ÃVkm ï⦦ cöç\BVáìï^ \â|\_é, ïâ|åìïáVþB ÀºïÓD. 8. ïâ|\VªD å¦Ím ØïVõ½òÂzD ¼ÃVm °>Vkm EÂï_ï^ °uÃ|\Vl[ sk«D Ø>öÍ> ]Åç\¥D ¶ÐÃkxD kVFÍ> ïâ|\Vª k_Kåìïçá ¶bþ g¼éVÄçª ØÃu® EÂïçéÝyìÝm EÅÍ> ï⦦Ýç> ïâ½Ý>«¼kõ|D. Ö]_ >BÂïD ïVâ|k¼>V >V\>D ØÄFk¼>V ÄöB[®. 9. ï â ¦ ¦ º ï ç á å [ Å V ï  ï â ½ z¤©¸â¦ ïVéÝ]_ x½Ým Am\çª AzswV¡D x½Í> ¸[A ¶Í> ïâ|\VªÝ]_ E® E® zçÅÃV|ï^ ÖòÍ>V_
°uÃ|\VªV_ ¶kuçÅß ÄöØÄFm ØïV|©ÃmD ïâ|åìï¹[ ï¦ç\¼B ¨[Ãç> cðìÍm å¦Í]¦ ¼kõ|D. 10. ï⦺ï^ ÃB[ÃVâ|Âz kÍ> ¸[A ÖBÍ]«ºïÓÂzD ïòsïÓÂzD AMC
(Annual Maintenance, Contract)
¨ª©Ã|D. gõ|© ëV\ö©A ΩÃÍ>D ØÄFm ØïV^kç>©¼ÃVé¼k ï⦦ºïÓÂzD ëV\ö©A ΩÃÍ>D (Maintenance/ Upkeep Contract and agreement) ØÄFm ØïVõ| ¼Äçk ØÄFkmD ïâ|åìï¹[ ØÃV®©¼Ã. ¼\uz¤©¸â¦ ÃÝmÂïâ¦çáïçá / kaïVâ½ Øå¤ïçá ï禸½ÂzD ïâ|åìï¹[ x[¼ªuÅÝ]uzD ¼\DÃ⦠åékVµsuzD cBì¡ÂzD åVºï^ c®] í®þ¼ÅVD. ¶kìï^ ÖÍ> åVâ½[ x>_ >« z½\Âï^ \â|\_é, ¸[ÃuÅÝ>Âï >çékìï^, >çékìïáVï Öò©¼ÃVD.
¸_¦ìü kVFü ¶. T«©Ã[ x>[ç\ gEöBì
{Î>_ ¼kõ|D ι\VµzD ØÄFsçª g¶mD ¨[ª \kì.
\Vìß 2010
6
\Vìß 2010
7
¸_¦ìü kVFü ¼\ü]öBVò¦[ ¼Ãâ½ Ø>V¦ìþÅm..... ¼ï^s : ÖÍ> gõ| Ä*ÃÝ]_ >VÂï_ ØÄF> ç\B ¶«E[ ÃâØÛâ Ãu¤ >ºï^ ïòÝm ¨[ª? Ã]_ : å\Âz ·>Í]«D kVºþÝ >Í> \ïVÝ\V ïVÍ] ØÄV[ªV® ""¸öâ¦[ ÃVèl_ ÛªåVBï ¶ç\©A xçÅ å\Âz Äö©Ãâ| k«Vm''. ïVÍ] ØÄV[ªç>¼B þ¦©¸¼é ¼ÃVâ| Ø«VDà kòÄ\Vß·. Ö©¼ÃV ÖòÂþÅ MPï¹¼é 300 ¼ÃòÂz ¼\¼é ¼ïVÏük«ºïeVD. ¶kºï ¼ïV¼éVß·Å å\m ¶«ÄVºïÝ]¼é ÄV>V Īºïçe ÃÝ] ïkçé©Ã¦ BVò ÖòÂïVºï! ĪºïÓÂz ÄV«VBD z|Ým Ã|Â塚ÃVâ|â|, ¨Í]òßÄV TV ØÃâ½l¼é þe© ¦V[ü ¼ÃVâ| ïVõ¸ß·, {â|© ¼ÃV¦Å ¶[MÂz ïkì ØïV|Ý>V ïßE>\V ØÄlÂþÅ gÓºï å¦Ý]Å ÖÍ> ĪåVBïD ... #.... Îò Ãð ØÃVð åVBïD >V[BV! Ö>ªV¼é ÃðÂïV«ºþ⼦ {kì ÃðD ¼ÃVl, °çwºï Ø«VDà °çwºïeVl, ¶>ªV¼é \V¼kVlüâ ys«kV]ºï ØÃòþ, ¶ºïº¼ï zõ| çkÂþÅ åV¦V glòß·FBV! ÃV«VÓ\[ÅÝ]¼é ïV· ØïV|Ý>V ¼ï^s ¼ïâÃVкï! Ö_éVºïVâ½ zÅâç¦ s|kVÐï! MPï^¼e ØïV^e© ¼Ãò þötª_ zuÅ kV¹ºï[Ð Îò ö©¼ÃVìâ ØÄV_Km. Äö! Äö! Àò ¨ç>¼BV ¼ïÂï, åV[ ¨ç>¼BV ØÄV_o©A⼦[! ¶ > V k m ÃâØÛâ ... kòÄV kòÄD ¶kªk[ köºþÅ ¼Ãö¼é \DØÃâ½ ¨|Ým zaBV ØkâÅV[. za ØÃòÄV glâ| kòm! Îò åVÓ åD\ ¨_¼éVòD
\Vìß 2010
8
¸_¦ìü kVFü ¶]¼é s¿Ím ÄVï ¼kõ½Bm >V[! ïâ|\VªÝ mçÅÂz ¼Äçk kö ¼ÃVâ¦Vß·! ïD¸, EØ\õâ sçél¼é cuÃÝ] kö °Ý] sçéçB °Ý]BVß·! ØÃ⼫V_, ÏÄ_ sçéçB °Ý]BVß·! cð¡ cuÃÝ] zçÅÞ>mªV_ ÖÅÂz\] Ãõè ïV·Âz ÃVÂï ]â¦D ¼ÃVâ¦Vß·! ÃâØÛâªV ¶«¼ÄV¦ Ø>Vçé ¼åVÂz ]â¦D Ø>öBÐt_é! ¶Ø>_éVD Ø>VçéÞ· ¼ÃVF ØÄéçk ~|ïâ¦, kò\VªÝç> ØÃòÂï, kö ¼ÃV¦Å k«¡ ØÄé¡ ïðÂïV ÃâØÛâ ·òºþòß·! ïVÍ]¼BV¦ ïªkVª E® Ø>Va_, z®ÍØ>Vaçé å·Âþ, Øk¹åVâ| x>Üâ|Âz Ek©A ïDÃeD söÂþ¼ÅVD. ¼\Vì, ÃVªïD z½ßEþâ| c¦DA óâç¦ zçÅßÄ åD \Âïçe ¼ïV¼ïVéV, ØéLçB z½Âï çkß·Â Øï|Âþ¼ÅVD. ï¦[ kVºþBVkm ïVì kVºï çkÂþ¼ÅVD! ÖØ>_éVD ¨º¼ï ¼ÃVl x½¥¼\V[Ð ïkçéBVF ÖòÂz! åV[ z½lòÂþÅ Ø>òs¼é ]ölÅ s¦çé Ãĺïçe Eé åVeV ïV¼ðVD! Ø\â«VüÂz ¼ÃVlòÍ>VºïeVD! ">é ¶ýÝ Tâ|© ÃVmïV©AÂz' ¼k[ ¨|Ým ¼ÃVlâ|, ¶©Ã½¼B ¶kò ïVì ¼«L¼é ØÛlÂþÅmÂz ÃÍ>B ç\>VªÝmÂz ¼ÃVF ¦V¦V ïVD¸ßEâ| Äͼ>VÄ\V kÍ>Vºï! ¶]¼é ÎòÝ>[ Ø«VDà ïkçé¼BV¦ ØÄV_ÅV[! ""å½çï ï«ïVâ¦ÂïV« ïªïVsuz ïܼÃVöMBV ¼ÃVF >[ ïV>_ ïðkçª ïõ|¸½Âï Ö[ÐD sÄV þç¦ÂïçéBVD!'' ÖÍ>© ÃBKïÓÂz ¼ÄVMBV ïVÍ]çB Ø>ö¥\VD. \ïVÝ\V ïVÍ]çB© Ãu¤ ÔÃV¼åVâ¼é ÖòÂþÅç> >s« ¼k¼Å Ø>öBV>VD. åD\ åV| ֩ýÝ>V[ ¶_éV½þâ| ÖòÂz! "«V\[ gõ¦VKD «Vkð[ gõ¦VKD ¨ªÂz Îò ïkçé Ö_¼é[Ð' ØÄV_Å íâ¦D ]òÍ>м\[Ð ¨ªÂz ïVFßÄ_ kÍ>m>V[ tßÄD!
¼ï^s : \VWé ¶«E[ ïV©¬â|Ý ]â¦D k«¼kuïÝ >Âïm >V¼ª! Ã]_ : °çwï¹[ g¼«VÂþBÝç> ïV©ÃVuÅ ¨Í> sÄBxD ¼\ü]öÂz Äͼ>VÄD >V[. gªV ¨[ ïkçé ØB_éVD ¶]ï\Vï ÄV«VB ïç¦ïçe ]ÅÍm ]ªÄö 50 éâÄD ¼Ãç« z½Âï çkß· ¶kºï g¼«VÂþBÝç> Øï|ÂïV\ ÖòÂïÐt_é. "¸^çeçB þ^¹ sâ| Ø>Vâ½çé gâÅ ïç> \V]ö_¼é ÖòÂzm'. ¨Ëke¡ kò\VªD kÍ>VKD >twï ¶«·Âz Ø\VÝ> ï¦[ 74 gl«Ým 858 ¼ïV½ ÔÃVBVD. ç\B ¶«·Âz ï¦[ ·ç\ 31 éâÄÝm 35 gl«Ým 375 ¼ïV½ ÔÃVBVD. ÖÍ> ï¦ÐÂØï_éVD ¨Ëke¡ çÄÃì ¼ÃV¦ÐtÐ TV ØÃâ½l¼é í¦ ¼ÃVâ½ çkßÄV ÎòÝ>[ í¦ ÃVvVï \Vâ¦V[. ÖÍ> éâÄðÝ]¼é Îò 500 ÔÃVF z½Àì ïâ¦ðÝç> ïâ¼é[ªV ïVì©Ã¼«Ä[ ïV«ºï zwVF Öçð©çà mõ½ßE®¼kV[Ð ¼åVâÏ· ¶Ð©AÅVºï! Ö]¼é ¨mºï WBVBD! Àºï¼e ØÄV_Kºï. "cE«Â ïV©ÃVÝ>Å \òÍmïçe ØïV^çe éVÃD ÃVÂþÅ Ø\½Ä[ \V¸BV zDÃKºï ÃõÅ ¶WBVBÝç> ¨]ìÝm ÃV¦ïì ¼Û·>Vü ¼ïVìâ|Âz ¼ÃVF \Ð Î[Ð ¼ï«eVs¼é >VÂï_ Ãõè lòÂïVò. ¶Í> \V]ö \òÍmïçe ¶«ÄVºï¼\ °[ °çwïÓÂz WBVB\V ØïV|Âï í¦Vm[Ð ¼ïâ½òÂþÅVò. ¶FB©ÃV ÃÂ>ö_é ¶kò! ¶>ªV¼é >V[ Ä«VÄö \ªÄкïVï z«_ ØïV|Ý]òÂþÅVì. ÄÃVi! ¼ï^s : Àºï k«k« ئ[Ä[ gzSºï! ¶©Ã½ ¨[ªØk_éVD >V[ cºïçe© ÃV]Âzm?
\Vìß 2010
9
¸_¦ìü kVFü Ã]_ : ÃDÃVF ÄVòÂïV[-ç\ ¼åD Öü ïV[' Îò æD öÜü ÃõðVò. ¶m Ö©¼ÃV 2 kV«Ý]¼é¼B ¦©ÃVs¼é x¦ºþ© ¼ÃVlòß·. ¶m ]ç«l¼é ïVõ¸Âï í¦Vm[Ð Ek¼Äçª ¼ÃV⦠gâ¦D, ¶mÂz TVÂïV«ºï å¦Ý]ª «V©Ãï_ ¼Ãâ½.... ¨ªÂz Ø«VDà¼ïVkD>V[BV. ÖÍ> ïÝ]öÂïVFÂz ¼\â¦òÂzÝ>V[ ¨Ý>çª ¼Ãò ¼Ãâ½, ¼ÃV«Vâ¦D. åD\ åV| °[>V[ ֩ý ¼ÃVlâ½òÂz? cl¼«V| ¶çéBÅkÐÂzÂ í¦ ïV· ØïV|Ý>V Ø¦Ý Ä콸¼ïâ ØïV|ÂþÅ »w_ ¶ç\©A. ¸«V| ÃĺïÓÂz ïV· ØïV|Ý>V >Âï_¼é ÃVü¼ÃVìâ. ïèÄ\V kò\VªD kì« ¼ÃVÜü ü¼¦[Âz ¼ÃVü½º ¼ÃV¦ ïV·, Ø«Âï\õ¼¦[. >MBVò, ¼«½¼BV ¼Äªçé ]ò©¸ªV x>_ Ö«¡ ¶ÐÃkº ïçe së\Vï ØÄV_Å zÛV_ ¼Ãâ½. ¶]_çé ØÛlßÄV Ãö·. ïV>_ Ã[ÅkºïÓÂz Ø>V¦ìÍm WïµßE! >M¼B ½©ü! 24 \è ¼å«xD ¼ïâ|Âþ⼦ Öòºï[Ð zÝm© ÃVâ| ¼ÃVâ| ïVm ÄËçk þaÂþÅVÐï! TV ØÃâ½l¼é seDëºþÅ ¼Ãö¼é ïéVßÄV« æì¼ï|. þöÂØïâ ¼\âß¼é Îò EØ\õâ ïDØÃM seDëÝ]¼é ï¦ooòÍm Ã_çé ïVõ¸ßEâ|, zçÅkVª ÀßÄ_ ½«ü¼é 5 WtÄÝmÂz Îò >¦çk Îò ØÃVõb ¼ÃVç>BV kìÅV. EØ\õâ|ÂzD ÖÍ> ÀßÄ_ ØÃVDÃçeÂzD ¨[ªV ÄDÃÍ>D? ÃVÂþÅ ¨ªÂ¼ï þìÐ Öò¼ï! Öe·ï^ ÃVÝm ØkD¸ s¦V>V! Ö]_¼é Îò ¼Ãüâ ïDØÃMÂïV«[ ØÄV_ÅV[ Ök[ ¼Ãüâ seÂþâ| gD¸çe Ã_çé ïVõ¸ßÄV ØÃVDÃçeÂz ïV>_ ÃÝ]Âz\VD! 說¼e! ÖØ>_éVD ïõ½Âï Îò åV]¥D Ö_éV\© ¼ÃVß¼Ä[Ð W窩¼Ã[ BP kÍ]òm.
μ« Îò g®>_. ÄßE[ ¦A^ ØÄÞ·ö ¶½ßEâ| >çé ïªÝ¼>V| ¨þ¤ z]ÂïV\, çïçB sößEâ| kVªÝç>© ÃVÝm ÄVtÂz å[¤ ØÄV[ªVò>V¼ª! ¶m >V[BV cõç\BVª ÖÍ]B ÃõA. ¼ï^s : ys«kV>Ýç> >|Âï åVD ¨|ÂzD å¦k½Âçïï^ Ãu¤? Ã]_ : >©A Ã[Åk[ ¨Í> ÄV], \>D, åVâç¦ß ¼ÄìÍ>kªVÐD c¦ª½BVï ¼ÃVâ|Ý >^eÐD. åVçe ï¦Ý> í¦Vm ¨[Ãm >V[ ÖÍ> åVâ¦Vç\¼BV| yì©A. xDçà zõ| Øk½©¸_ çï>VªkÐÂz ÃV·\] ¶öEl¼é ¸öBVè. ¼éVÂï_ >V>V¡Âz ¨[ï¡õ¦ì. ¨[ª WBVBD Öm. 1992_ ÃVÃì \ó] Ö½ßÄ sÄBÝmÂz À]Ã] oÃìÇV[ >çéç\l¼é Îò sÄV«çð ïtÄ[ ¼ÃVâ¦V® ¶©¼ÃV å«ED\ «VË. ¶kòD ¼\¼é ¼ÃVF ¼ÄìÍ]â¦Vì. 7 ¼ïV½ òÃVF ØÄékaß· 17 kòÄD ïaß· ¶Í> À]Ã] Ö©¼ÃV ¶¤Âçï >VÂï_ ØÄF]òÂïVì ¨[ª ¸«¼BVĪD? ¶ç>© ýÂï ØïV|Ý>V, ØïÂ¼ï ¸Â¼ï[ªV >V¼ª Eö©A kòD! ¼å«\Vß· ! k«â¦V!
\Vìß 2010
10
¸_¦ìü kVFü z½lò©A káVï ïâ|\Vª ¼Äçkkö z½lò©A ïâ|\VªÝ]uïVª ¼Äçkkö 16.06.2005 x>_ ¶\éVªm. z½lò©A káVï ïâ|\VªD ¨[ÅV_ ¨[ª? (What is Construction of complex) ¨[Ã>uz kç«xçÅ (Defnition) ¸ö¡ 65 (105) (ZZ4) çêV[ü gÂâ_ ØïV|Âï©Ãâ|^ám. ¼\uïõ¦ Äâ¦Ý][ ý z½lò©A káVï ïâ|\VªD ¨[ÅV_ (i) A]B z½lò©A káVïD ïâ|km (ii). ïâ|\VªD \u®D flinching services ¶>Vkm ¯·>_, Øk^çáB½Ý>_, kìðD ¯·>_,>áD ¶ç\Ý>_ ·kØ«Vâ½ï^ \u®D >ç« Î|ï_ (Tiling) Ã]Ý>_, >ß·¼kçé, ¼ko ¶ç\Ý>_, ÀßÄ_ záD ¶ç\Ý>_, ¼ÃV[Åçk. (iii). z½lò©A káVïD ÄDÃÍ>Ã⦠ØÄ©ÃM|>_, Am©¸Ý>_ ¼ÃV[Åçk. ¼\uí¤B ¶çªÝm ÃèïÓD ¼ÄçkköÂz c^áVzD. ÖÍ> ¼ÄçkköçB ØÃVòÝ>kç« Öò xÂþB\Vª kVìÝç>ï^ ¶¦ºþ¥^ám. ¶çk (i). Construction of Complex (ii). Residential Complex Îò káVïD 'Residential Complex'
¨[Å kç«Bç«Âz câÃâ¦V_ \â|¼\ ¼Äçk köÂz c^áVzD. gï z½lò©A káVïÝ][ kç«xçÅ ¨[ªØk[ÅV_ (i). 12Âz ¼\_ T|ï^ c^á ï⽦D ¶_ém ï⽦ºï^ (More than 12 Residential Units) (ii). Îò ØÃVm ç\BD \u®D (iii). ¯ºïV, o©â, kVïªD W®ÝmD Ö¦D, ØÃVm Àì sM¼BVïD \u®D ØÃVm ïa¡ Àì ¼\éVõç\ ç\BD gþBçk ØïVõ¦ káVïD. gï Îò káVïÝ]_ 12Âz ¼\_ T|ïÓD, ¶ku¤Âz ØÃVmkVª (Parking, Community Hall, Swege treatment gþBçk ÖòÍ>V¼éV ¶_ém Îò
ï⽦Ý]_ (¶ÃVìâØ\õâ) _ 12Âz ¼\_ ¸áVâï^ (flats) ÖòÍ>V¼éV ¶çk ¼Äçk köÂz c^áVzD. ÖÍ> ¼Äçkï^ Îò >M \M>ö[ ÃB[ ÃVâ½uïVï ¶>Vkm ' Personal Use ' ÂïVï ï⦩Ãâ¦V_ ¶>uz kö þç¦BVm. ÖÍ> ' Personal Use ' ¨[Å ¼ïVâÃVâ½[ gµÍ> >VÂïD kö séÂz Ãu¤ g«V¥D ¼ÃVm Ø>ö¥D. ¼\uïõ¦ köÂïVª accounting code ¸[kò\V® Service Tax Educational Cess Hr. Edu. Cess
-
00440334 00440298 00440426
z½lò©A káVï ¼ÄçkçB ØÃVòÝ>\â½_, BVì kö ïâ|km ¨[Å zw©ÃD B>VìÝ> Wﵡï¹_ kö ïâ|km ¨[Å zw©ÃD B>VìÝ> Wﵡï¹_ (Practical Life) ÄÍ]ÂzD Îò ¼ï^sBVzD. z½lò©A káVïÝç> ØÃV®Ý>kç« nÍm xÂþB\Vª åÃìï^ c^áªì. (i). ïâ|\VªD ØÄFÃkì (Builer). (ii). Ö¦Ý]uz ØÄVÍ>ÂïV«ì (Land Owner). (iii). káVï suÃçªBVáì (Developer). (iv). mçð / Öçð ¼ÄçkBVáìï^ (Sub Contractors).
T| kVºzÃkì (Flat / house buyer). Ö]_ BVòÂz ¼Äçkkö kö séÂz BVòÂz z½lò©A kVºzÃkì (Flat Buyer), ' Personal UseÂz kVºzk>V_ Äâ¦Ý][ ý kö þç¦BV¼> ¨ª¼k kö ï⦠¼kõ½B ]_çéBV? ¨[Å ¼ï^sï^ ¨¿D ¼\KD Ö¦Ý]uz ØÄVÍ>ÂïV«¼« Promoter gï ÖòÍ>V_ kö s]©A ¨©Ã½? Ö¦Ý]uz ØÄVÍ>ÂïV«ì Îòkì Promoter Îòkì \u®D Builder \uØÅVòkì ¨[ÅV_ kö s]©A ¨©Ã½ ¨[Å Ãé EÂïéVª ¼ï^sï^ ¨¿km WBVB¼\. Øku¤ÂïVª sç¦ïçá ¸[kòD Ö>µï¹_ ïVõ¼ÃVD. (v).
M/s. The Experts - Indirect Taxes CBE - MR. S. Durairaj, R. Arumugam
\Vìß 2010
11
¸_¦ìü kVFü
ØÃV¤Qì. ¶. T«©Ã[, ME (Struct), FIE, MICI, Dipll & AL x[ªV^ EÅ©AÝ>çéç\© ØÃV¤BVáì, >tµåV| ØÃVm©ÃèÝmçÅ WìkVï ÖBÂzåì, ØÃV¤. ¶. T«©Ã[ & ¶¼ÄVE¼Bâü, ØÄ[çª 600 106. Ø>Vçé¼ÃE : 044 - 24758377, 044 - 65879289
\Vìß 2010
12
¸_¦ìü kVFü 1. ïVºþZâ ïâ|\Vªºï¹_ ¨àz c®]Râ½ï¹[ úzD ÃB[ÃV|D ØÃVmkVï¼k >MÝ> ïVºþZâ c®©Aï^ ¶xÂï sçÄlçªÝ ( C o m p r e s s i v e F o r c e s ) >Vºzk]_ ]Å[ØÃuÅçkBVï Öò©¸ÐD Ö¿sçÄlçªÝ (Tensile Force) >Vºzk]_ ]ÅÐç¦BçkBVï Ö_çé. z¤©ÃVï Ö¿sçÄ \u®D kçácÍ>D (Bending Moment) ÖkuçÅ¥D >MÝ> ïVºþZâ (Plain Concrete) tz]BVïÝ >Vºï ÖBéVm. ¨ª¼k ÖÂzçÅÃVâ½çª ÀÂï¼k ïVºþZâ c®©Aï^ ¨àz c®]Râ½ï^ (Steel Reinforcing bars or Rebars) »¼¦ ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ãâ| ¶çk c®]Râ½B c®]Øî ïuïVç« (Reinforced Concrete) ¨ª ¶çwÂï©Ã|þ[Ū. 1970 gõ|Âz x[ªì c®]Râ½ïáVï Ø\_ØéàzÂïD¸ï^ (Mildsteel Rebars)- Fe-250) (250 N/mm2 - 2500 Kg/CM2..Yield Stress) ØïVõ¦çk ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ãâ| kÍ>ª. ÖÂïD¸ï¹[ ¶á¡D ¨ç¦¥D Ö¿sçÄ, kçá cÍ>D \u®D ¶xÂzsçÄ x>oBkuçÅÝ >Vºþ¦ í|>éVï tz]BVïÝ ¼>çk©Ã⦪. Öku¤[ ¶áçk¥D ÃB[Ã|D ¨ç¦l窥D zçÅÝ]¦ 1970 gõ|kVÂþ_ Fe-415 ¨ÐD tz koç\ØïVõ¦ z¹ìx®ÂþB kçáïD¸ï^ (Cold Twisted Deformed Rebars) ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ã⦪. Ö>ªV_ ¼>çk©Ã|D c®]Râ½ÂïD¸ï¹[ ¶á¡D ¨ç¦¥D zçÅÍm ïâ|\VªßØÄé¡ z¤©¸¦Ý>Âï ¶ás_ zçÅÂï© Ãâ¦m. 2. tzkoç\ z¹ìx®ÂzÂïD¸ï¹[ zçÅÃV|ï^ ¨MÐD tzkoç\ z¹ìx®ÂzÂïD¸ïçá (Fe-415 / 500) c®]Øî ïuïVç«l_ ÃB[Ã|Ý]B ØÃV¿m, ÖÝ>çïB ïVºþZâ ïâ|\Vªºï¹[ c®]©ÃV|D À½ÝmçwÂzD >[ç\¥D ØÃömD
ÃV]Âï©Ã⦼>V| gõ|¼>V®D \«V\Ýmß ØÄé¡D tz]BVªm. z¹ìx®Âz ïD¸ï¹[ zçÅÃV|ï^ ÿ¼w Ãâ½Bo¦©Ã|þ[Ū. 1. ÖÂïD¸ï^ mò¸½ÂzD >[ç\ tz]BVªçk. 2. ÖÂïD¸ï¹[ ¼\u멸_ x®ÂþB >çï¡ï^ °uÃ|k>V_ OõsöÄ_ï^ cõ¦Vþ >Vºz]Å[ zçÅÍ>m. 3. ÖÂïD¸ï¹[ c^ÓD, AÅxD Øïâ½BVï Öò©Ã>V_, ÖÂïD¸ïçá kçá©Ã]_ í|>_ ¼Äçk ¼>çk©Ãâ¦m. ØÃöB ¶á¡ ïD¸ï^ cç¦B ¼åöâ¦m. 4. ÖkuçÅ© ÃuÅ çk©Ã]_ (Welding) tz E«\D °uÃâ¦m. 5. ¨_éVku®ÂzD ¼\éVï Øå¹Ím ØïV|ÂzD >[ç\ (ductility) tïÂzçÅkVï Öò©Ã>V_ þç¦sçÄï^ >VÂzD ¼ÃVm (ïVu®sçÄ / Wéå|ÂïsçÄ). Öçk ¨¹>Vï x¤Ím cç¦B kVF©Aï^ ØÃömD c^áª. ¨ª¼k Öku¤[ ÃB[ÃVâ禩 ØÃömD ïkMÂï ¼kõ½B>Vlu® Ø\_ØéàzÂïD¸ïçá© (Mild Steel Rebars) ÃB[ Ã|ÝmD ¼ÃVm ÖÝ>çïB zçÅÃV|ï^ °uÃ|k ]_çé ¨[Ãç> z¤©¸¦ sòDAþ¼ÅVD. 3. TMT ïD¸ï¹[ Oçw¡D ÃB[ÃV|D ¨ª¼k 1995 2000 gõ| kVÂþ_ c®]Râ½ï¹_ Fe-415 \u®D Fe-500 >«Ý]_ TMT (Thermomechanically Treated) ¨ª©Ã|D A]Bkçï ¨àz c®]Râ½ï^ ÄÍç>Âz kÍ>ª. Öçk z¹ì x®ÂzÂïD¸ï¹_ z¤©¸¦©Ã⦠zçÅÃV|ï^ Ö[¤ ¼\DÃ⦠>[ç\ï^ cç¦BçkBVï c^áª. 1. ÖÂïD¸ï¹[ ¼\u멸_ x®ÂzÝ >çï¡ï¼áV OõsöÄ_ï¼áV Ö[¤ mò¸½ÂzD >[ç\l[¤ c^áª. 2. ÖÂïD¸ï^ >BVöÂzD xçÅBV_ (Thermex process ïD¸ï¹[ c^Câ½_ zçwkVï¡D (Pearlite
\Vìß 2010
13
¸_¦ìü kVFü & Ferrite Matrix) ¼\u멸_ Øïâ½BVï¡D (Tempered Martensite Layer) Quenching & Tempering Technology Hot rolled - Atmospheric cooling
Öò©Ã>V_ ÖkuçÅ
¨¹>Vï kçáÂï x½þÅm. 3. EÅÍ> xçÅl_ ÃuÅçk©¸uz (Welding) cïÍ>çkBVï c^áª. 4. ÖÝ>çïB >[ç\BV_ ÃÂïkVâ| sçÄÂzD z¤©ÃVï Wé å|Âï sçÄl[ ¼ÃVm Øå¹Ím ØïV|ÂzD >[ç\ (Greater Ductility) cç¦BçkBVï c^áª. ¨ª¼k TMT c®]Râ½ï^ Wéå|Âï sçÄlçª ¨]ìÝmÝ>Vºzk]_ ¸Å c®]Râ½ïçá s¦ß EÅÍ>çk. z¤©ÃVï Sail TMT EQR - Earth Quake Resistant TMT Rebars - í|>éVª Ö®] Ö¿sçÄ¥D (UTS) \u®D s|sçÄ¥D (Yield Stress) cç¦Bçk BVï¡D \u®D í|>éVª UTS/YS sþ>D Fe 415 ïD¸ïÓÂz 1.20 gï¡D Fe 500 ïD¸ïÓÂz 1.18 gï¡D Öò©ÃçkBVï c^áª. ¶ç>©¼ÃVé¼k Sail TMT EQR ïD¸ï^ ÀâE s¿ÂïV| (Elongation Ratio) Fe 415 ïD¸ïÓÂz 20% gï¡D, Fe - 500 ïD¸ïÓÂz 18% gï¡D Öò©Ã>V_ Wéå|ÂïÝ][ ¶â¦kçð 1
¼ÃVm c¦ª½BVï ]ÏØ«ª °uÃ|D ·ç\lçª / ÃV«Ý]çª >Vºþ - í|>_ guÅçé câØïV^ÓD >[ç\¥ç¦BçkBVï Öçk c^áª. 4. Fe - 415 / Fe - 500 TMT c®]Râ½ï^ Îò sá ÂïD Fe - 415 ¨[Ãm ÖÂïD¸ï¹[ s|>çï¡ (Yield Stress) 415N /Ä.t.* ¶á¡ç¦Bm. ¶ËkV¼Å Fe-500 ¨[Ãm s|>çïBá¡ 500N/Ä.t.* ØïVõ¦m ¨[Ãç> z¤ÂþÅm. ÖmxçżB 4150 þ.þ./Ä.ØÄ.* \u®D 5000 þ.þ./Ä.ØÄ. ¶á¡ïÓÂzß Ä\\Vªm). ¨ª¼k Fe-500 TMT c®]Râ½ï^ Fe 415 TMT c®]Râ½ïçá s¦ 500/415 = 1.20 ¶á¡ í|>éVï sçÄlçª / ·ç\lçª >Vºï í½Bçk k½kç\©A >çï¡ (Designed Stress) Fe 415 - 0.67 fy = 0.67 x 415 = 278N / Ä.t.*. Fe 500 - 0.67 fy = 0.67 x 500 = 335N / Ä.t.*. ÖËsò c®]Râ½ï¹[ ¼k]lB_ \u®D ÖBu¸B_ >[ç\ï^ ÿ¼w Ãâ½Bo¦©Ãâ|^áª. ÀâEÝ]Å[ (Elongation Ratio) sþ>D ÖÍ]B >« WìðBÂïwïÝ][ (Bureau of Indian
Chemical Composition
Chemical
Grade Fe 415
Grade Fe - 500
Properties
IS 1786
IS 1786
Carbon
0.30 max*
0.30 max
Sulphur (S)
0.06 max
0.06 max
Phosphorrus (P)
0.06 max
0.06 max
S+P
0.11 max
0.11 max
Mn
0.42
0.60
Si
0.03
0.30
Carbon Equivalent C.E.
0.42 max
0.42 max
* For Guaranteed weldability, the percentage of carbon shall be restricted to 0.25 percent, maximum plus 0.02 tolerance.
\Vìß 2010
14
¸_¦ìü kVFü Mechanical properties (Fe 415) grade Test Proof Stress
IS 1786 Grade Fe - 415 415.0 N/mm 2
Grade Fe - 500
Min
500N/ MM2
Min
Tensile strength
485.0 N/mm2
Elongation %
14.5.% Min
12.50
Bend Test Mandrel di
Upto & inclusive of 22mm - 3D
4D Upto 22mm
Over
5D above 22mm
Re-Bend Test Mandrel
520 N/mm2
22mm
- 4D
Upto & inclusive of 10mm - 5D
5D Upto 10mm
Over
7D above 10mm
10mm
- 7D
¶â¦kçð 2 Mechanical Properties of Sail TMT EQS Rebars and Wire Rods Parameter
IS : 1786 - 2008
IS : 1786 - 2008 Sail - EQR TMT
Fe - 500
Fe - 500D
YS, MPa (minimum)
500
500
500
YS, MPa (maximum)
-
-
625
Tensile Strength, MPa (minimum)
545
565
590
UTS / YS ratio (minimum)
1.08
1.10
1.18
Total Elongation % (minimum) GL=5.65 Ao)
12.0
16.0
-
5
Uniform Elongation, minimum %
WB]©Ã½ - Fe - 415Âz 14.5% D, Fe 500Âz 12.5% D ÀâEÝ>[ç\ ÖòÂï ¼kõ|D. gªV_ Øk¹ßÄÍç>l_ þç¦ÂzD TMT c®]Râ½ï¹[ ÀâEÝ>[ç\ 16% x>_ 20% kç« c^á>Vï þç¦Âþ[Å A^¹sk«ºï^ Ø>ösÂþ[Ū. Ö>ªV_ í|>_ Øå¹Ím>òD >[ç\ þç¦Ým Wéå|ÂïÝ][ ¼ÃV¼>V / þç¦\⦠Standards)
Fe - 500
18 (28mm) 7
sçÄ >VÂzD ¼ÃV¼>V °uÃ|D ¼Ä>ºï^ ØÃömD >sìÂï©Ã|þ[Ū. 5. ïD¸ï¹[ ÃB[ÃVâ½_ ¼Ät©A c®]Øî ïuïVç« Ãéïºï^ \u®D s⦺ï¹_ (cÝ>«ºï¹_), Ö¿sçÄlçª xu¤KD ¨àz c®]Râ½ÂïD¸ïÓD, ¶xÂz sçÄl[ ÎòÃz]çB ïVºþZâ|D *>x^á
\Vìß 2010
15
¸_¦ìü kVFü Ãz]çB ¨àz c®]Râ½ïÓD >Vºzþ[Ū. ïVºþZâ #õï¹_ ¶ß·sçÄlçª (·ç\lçª) ïVºþZâ Îò Ãz]¥D *>x^áç> ¨àz c®]Râ½ïÓD >Vºzþ[Ū. ¨ª¼k >VºzD ¨àz c®]Râ½ï^ tzkoç\ ØÃuÅçkBVï Öò©¸[, ¼>çk©Ã|D ïD¸ï¹[ ¨ç¦ (Tonnage) ¶Í> ¶á¡Âz zçÅþÅm ¨[Ãm cõç\¼B. ¨ª¼k ØÃöB \VØÃòD ïâ|\Vªºï¹_ (z¤©ÃVï ÃVéºï^, kVûì] >áºï^, ï©Ã_ ¼ÃVÂzk«Ým, Ã[\V½Âï⦦ºï^ x>oBku¤_ ) Fe 415 >« c®]Râ½ïÓÂz Ã]éVï Fe - 500 >« c®]Râ½ïçá¥D Fe - 550 / Fe - 600 >« c®]Râ½ ïçá¥D ÃB[Ã|Ý] ¼>çk©Ã|D ¨àz c®]Râ½ï¹[ ¨ç¦lçª ( Tonnage) - 15% x>_ 25 % s¿ÂïV| kç« zçÅÂþ[Ūì. ïè>ß Ä\[ÃV|ï¹[ý xçżB (¨ç¦ ¶½©Ãç¦l_ 17 %, 25% \u®D 31% s¿ÂïV| ¼Ät©A þ禩Ã>Vïß ïV⽪VKD, cõç\l¼é¼B Öçk xçżB 10%, 15%, \u®D 20 % (sçél[ ¶½©Ãç¦l_) ¶á¼k þç¦Âþ[Ū. ¨ª¼k Fe 415 >« ïD¸ïÓÂz© Ã]éVï Fe - 500 >«ÂïD¸ïçá¥D Fe - 600 >«ÂïD¸ïçá¥D ÃB[Ã|Ýmk>V_ c®]BVï ïâ|\Vªß ØÄés_ ¶â¦kçð 3
¨àz ïD¸ï¹[ ØÄé¡ Îò z¤©¸¦Ý>Âï ¶ás_ zçÅþÅm ¨[Ãm cõç\¼B..... gªV_.... {ì ¨ßÄöÂçï ¼>çk. 6. tzkoç\ ïVºþZâ & tzkoç\ ¨àzÂïD¸ï^ (High Strength Concrete & High Strength Steel)
zçÅÍ> koç\Ý>«D cç¦B M15 & M20 ïVºþZâ|ï¹_ Fe-500 \u®D Fe - 600 >« ¨àzÂïD¸ïçá© ÃB[Ã|ÝmD ¼ÃVm ]öÃá¡ (Strain Level) í|>éVï Öò©Ã>V_ ¶ku¤_ söÄ_ï^ °uæ kVF©Aõ|. Öç>Ý >sìÝ]¦¡D ¼>çk©Ã|D ¨àzÂïD¸ï¹[ ¨ç¦lçªÂ zçÅÍ]¦ Fe - 500 \u®D Fe - 550 / Fe - 600 >« ¨àzÂïD¸ïçá M25 / M30 / M40 ¼ÃV[Å tzkoç\ ¥ç¦B ïVºþZâ|ï¹_ \â|¼\ ÃB[Ã|Ým>_ ïâ|\Vªºï¹[ c®]Ý>[ç\ \u®D kVµåV^ ÃB[ÃV| ÖkuçÅÂíâ|D ¨ª¼k tzkoç\ ïVºþZâ & tzkoç\ ¨àz c®]Râ½ï^ ¨[Å ¼ïVâÃVâç¦ ¨©¼ÃVmD ï禩¸½Ý]¦ ¼kõ|D. ¨MÐD Ω¬â|ÂïVï, Öku¤_ þç¦Âï©ØîD ¼Ät©Aï^ ÿ¼w c^á Ãâ½Bo_ ïV⦩Ãâ|^áª.
Weight Savings Potential of SAIL TMT EQR Rebars
Section
Grade of Concrete
Column (250 x 250 x 300mm)` Pu - 110 Kn Mu=21k Nm Beam (250 x 250 x 6000 mm)
M-20 M-30 M-20
Grade of Steel Fe-415 Fe-500 Fe415 F-500 Fe-415 Fe-500 Fe-415 Fe-500
Weight of Reinforcement Over Fe - 415 109.6 91.4 66.9 56.00 165.1 156.2 159.4 148.2
\Vìß 2010
Weight Savings %
17.4 17.7 5.4 7.7
16
¸_¦ìü kVFü 7.
Fe 500 >« TMT ïD¸ïáV_ å[ç\ï^
>« TMT ¨àz c®]Râ½ïçá ïâ|\Vªºï¹_ ÃB[Ã|Ýmk>V_ ÿµÂïõ¦ å[ç\ï^ þç¦Ý]¦ kVF©Aõ|. ³ Fe - 500 >« TMT c®]Râ½ï¹[ í|>éVª UTS / YS sþ>D, 16 to 18% ÀâEÝ>[ç\, í|>éVª >Vºzkoç\, Øå¹Ím ØïV|ÂzD >[ç\ \u®D EÅÍ> ÃuÅçk©AÝ>[ç\BV_ Ãé å[ç\ï^ þç¦Âþ[Ū. z¤©ÃVï.. ³ mò ¸½ÂzD >[ç\ ØÃömD zçÅþÅm. ³ í|>_ Ö¿sçÄ \u®D s|sçÄ ÖkuÅVKD Øå¹Ím ØïV|ÂzD >[ç\BVKD þç¦\⦠ïVu®sçÄ \u®D ]|Ø\ª c¦ª½ Wé å|Âï sçÄl[ ¼ÃVm, °uÃ|D ¼Ä>ºï^ ØÃömD >sìÂï©Ã|þ[Ū. ³ TMT c®]Râ½ï¹[ câÃÂïD zçwkVï¡D Øk¹©ÃÂïD Øïâ½BVï¡D Öò©Ã>V_ ¨¹]_ kçáÝ]¦¡D EÅÍ> kçïl_ ÃuÅçkÝ]¦¡D ÖB_þÅm. ³ ¨_éVku®ÂzD ¼\éVï ïâ|\VªºïÓÂzÝ ¼>çk©Ã|D ¨àz c®]Râ½ï¹[ ¨ç¦Bá¡ 10% x>_ 15% kç« zçÅÍmß ¼Ät©A ØÃÅ x½þÅm. ³ z¤©ÃVï Fe - 500 >«ÂïD¸ïçá M25/M30/M40 >«ÂïVºþZâ½_ ÃB[Ã|Ý]ªV_ Ö[ÐD tz]BVï ¼Ät©çÃ¥D ÃVmïV©ÃVª c®]BVª ïâ|\Vªº ïçá¥D ØÃÅéVD. *õ|D skV]©¼ÃVD. Fe - 500
\Vìß 2010
17
¸_¦ìü kVFü
z½lòÂï T| ïâ|¼kVì EÍ>çªÂz... ï⽦ Boundary Column [ ¶ü]kV«D (Footing) k½kç\Ý>_ ØÃVmkVï Boundary Column [ ¶ü]kV«D k½kç\Ý>o_ eccentricity °uÃ|D. ¶>u¼ïuà Footing ÄöBVª>Vï k½kç\Ým ï⽦ ü]«Ý>[ç\lçª c®] ØÄFBÐD. ¼\KD Boundary [ ¼\_AÅÂï⽦Ý][ ¶ü]kV«¼\V, ÃÂïkVâ½K^á ï⽦ ¶ü]kV«¼\V å\m ïâ|\Vª Ö¦Ý]_ kÍ]òÂz¼\BVªV_, ¶Í> Ö¦Ý]_ ¶ç\Âï ÖòÂzD å\m ï⽦ ¶ü]kV«Ý]çª å\m Column [ ü]«Ý>[ç\ (Stability) lçª ØÃV®Ým å[ÅVï k½kç\ÂïÐD. ¶>çª s|Ým ¶òïVç\ lK^á ï â ½ ¦ º ï ¹ [ ¶ü]kV«Ý]u¼ïuà å\m ï⽦ ColumnÝ][ ¶ü]kV«Ý]çª (Footing) k½kç\©Ãm >k®. ¶ËkV® ØÄF>V_ A]B å\m ï⽦Ý][ Stability zçÅÍm (söÄ_) ï⽦Ý]uz »® sçásÂzD ÿ¼w c^á æºï^ sáÂïD í®D I.
(Figure 1, 2. 3) .......
1. à ¦ Ý ] _ ïVõ¸Ým^ákV® Footing [ ¶áçk ÃçwB ï⽦Ý][ ¶ü]kV«Ý]u¼ïuà ( F o o t i n g ) zçÅÝm ¶ü]kV«D ¶ç\Ý>V_
°uÃâ| ï⽦Ý][ ü]«Ý>[ç\çB ÃV]ÂzD. Ö>[ sçákVï Footing Settlement gï¼kV ¶_ém ï⽦Ý]_ söÄ_ï¼áV °uæ kVF©A c^ám. ¶ËkV® ¨[ÅV_ Ö>uz ÄöBVª yì¡ >V[ ¨[ª? x>o_ Ø>Va_ Oâà k_Kåç« ¶bþ ¨Í> ¶ásuz A]B ï⽦Ý][ ¶ü]kV«D ÃçwB ï⽦Ý][ ¶ü]kV«Ý]ªV_ ÃV]©¸uz c^áVzD, ¶á¡ï^ ¨Ëká¡ zçÅ¥D ¨[Ã>çª Site ¶á¡ ¨|Ým, k竩æD kç«Ím å[z ¼BVEÝm å_é x½¡ A]B ï⽦Ý]uz ÃV]©A °uæVkõðD ¨|ÂïbD. g¼éVÄçªï^ 1. A]B Footing çª ÀákVâ½_ (Length) Rectangle gï (Site _ c^á Ö¦Ý]u¼ïuÃ) \Vu¤ ¼ÃV¦éVD. 2. A]B ï⽦ Footing n å\Âz ¼>çkBVª ¶á¡ Äö kò\V® ï⽦Ý][ c^ÃÂïD Change Ö¿Ým Column Positionn \Vu¤ ¶ü]kV«D ¶ç\ÂïéVD. ¼\uí¤BkV® ØÄF>V_ ï⽦Ý][ ü]«Ý>[ç\ (Stability) ¨Í> s>Ý]KD ÃV]©AÂz c^áVïVm. Eccentricity
\Vìß 2010
18
¸_¦ìü kVFü [ ¶½\⦠¶ásçª Äö ØÄFB Beam Ðç¦B cB«Ý]çª Depth ¼\_ >áÝ]_ cBìÝm>_. Öm ÄöBV? >kÅV? Ö>Ðç¦B ÃV]©A ¨[ª? ¼ï^sïçá ïõ| ÃBD ¼kõ¦VD. Beam [ ØÃV®Ým Beam [ cB«D in Depth WìðlÂï©Ã|D. ØÃVmkVï 1 * Àá ¬DÂz 7 ØÄ.* cB«D ¼>çk©Ã|D. ¬t[ ÀáD 3 * gï¡D, 7* gï¡D í¦ ÖòÂïéVD. ÖÍ> Ö«õ| ¬Dï¹[ cB«D {[ÅVï ÖòÂï ¼kõ½B ¶kEBD Ö_çé. 3 *Âz 30 ØÄ.* cB«xD, 7*Âz 45 ØÄ.* cB«x^á ¬D ¼>çk©Ã|D. ÖÍ> Ö«õ| ¬Dï¹[ ÿµ\â¦Ý]çª Î[ÅVï çkÂï ïò]ªV_ 7* Àáx^á ¬t[ cB«D 45 ØÄ.* ¨[Ã>V_ x>_ >áÝ]_ 15 ØÄ.* cB«x^á ¬D Ø>öBkòD. ¼\_ >áÝ]_ ÖÍ> 7 * ¬DÂz ¼\¼é Øĺï_ ï⽦D kò¼\BVªV_ ¬D cBòk>V_ sÝ]BVÄD Ø>öBVm. gªV_ ¶ËkV® ï⽦D Ö_çéØBM_ Öç¦ÞÄ_ >V[. x>_ >á\Vï ÖòÍ>V_ Flooring ¼ÃV|D ¼ÃVm sÝ]BVÄ\Vï ÖòÂzD.>ç¦BVï ÖòÂzD Öò ¶çÅïçá (Rooms) Î[ÅVï μ« ¶çÅBVï ÃB[Ã|Ý> ¼kõ|\VªV_ E«\D >V[. Öm¼k Ø\Vâç¦\V½ (Terrace Floor) gï Öò©¸[ \çwÀì ØÄ_é >ç¦BVï¡D >õ§ì ¼>ºþ EéV©¸çª¥D, ¬D ïD¸ïçá mò©¸½Âï °mkVzD. Ö>çª \çwÀì kVâ¦Ý]u¼ïuà (Slope) ¬t_ zwVF (Pipe) çkÂïéVD. ¶_ém \çwÀì kVâ¦Ý]çª (Slope) ¬D cB«Ý]çª çkÝm Ö«õ¦Vï ¸öÝm ¬D ÃÂïD II.
Beam
c¦[ å[ÅVï Weathering Course ¼ÃVâ| Äö ØÄFBéVD. ÖÍ> Beam cB«\Vªm Corridor åç¦ÃVç> Ãz]l_ kò¼\BVªV_ zwÍç>ï¼áV, ØÃöBkìï¼áV ( a g e d p e r s o n s ) >|Âþ ÿ¼w swkVF©Aï^ ¶]ïD. í½B \â½_ beam[ ¼\_ \â¦Ý]çª Î[ÅVï çkÝm beam [ cB«Ý]u¼ïuà bottom level n Äö ØÄFkm ÄVé EÅÍ>m. Ö>çª ïkªÝ]_ ØïVõ| ØÄB_Ãâ| ÃBªç¦TìïáVï. Corner Tile
ï¦uïç«Âz ¶òïVç\lK^á A]B ïâ|\Vª Ãèï¹_ ï k M Â ï ¼kõ½Bçkï^. ¨àz ïD¸ï^ ï¦_ ïVu¤ªV_ mò¸½©Ãm ÖBuçï ¶]KD ïâ|\Vª©Ãèl_ cüBVï© Ã|Ý>©Ã⦠¨àz ïD¸ï¹_ mò¸½Ý>V_ ¶Í> ¨àz ïD¸ c^á Beam, Column Footing, Slab ¨_éV¼\ mò¸½ÂzD. ¼\KD ÃV]©AÂz c^áVzD. ÃðD Tõ sç«BD gzD. Ö>ªV_ åVáç¦s_ ØÃVò^ ¼Ä>D, gï ¼Ä>D í¦ °uæ kVF©Aï^ c^ám. Flat gï ÖòÍ>V_ Flat n kVºþBkì \ðD kòÍmD. Öçkïçá >|Âï ( Av o i d ) ¨[ª ØÄFBéVD. ïâ|\Vª© Ãèïçá Äök« ØÄFBéVD. 1. å_é mò¸½ÂïV> ¨àz ïD¸ïçá CRS Steel ( Corrosion Resistance Steel ) / TMT Bars ïçá ïâ|\VªÝ]uz cüBVï©Ã|Ý>éVD. 2. Higher Grade Concrete ïçá M25, M30 gþBçkïçá ÃB[Ã|Ý>éVD. III.
\Vìß 2010
19
¸_¦ìü kVFü 3. å_é>«\Vª ÖòDA Äâ¦ìïçá¥D, Beam Column Ý]uz cüBVþÂïéVD. 4. Graded Û_oïçá (10t* 20 t.* ¶á¡^á Û_oï^ ) ÃB[Ã|Ý>éVD. 5. ïV[þZâç¦ å[ÅVï Compact ØÄFBéVD. 6. > « \ V ª > õ § ì , \ ð _ ï ç á ÃB[Ã|Ý>éVD. 7. ï â | \ V ª © à è ï ç á Ø Ä F ¥ D ¼ à V m xçÅBVï >«\Vï Ãèïçá ¼\uØïV^áéVD. 8. Colum, Beam, Slab ïÓÂz å_é >«\Vª Cover Block ïçá ¨àz ïD¸ï¹_ çkÝm ïâ½, ïV[þZâ½K^á ¨àz ïD¸ïçá Øk¹©AÅ Ã V ] © ¸ o ò Í m ÃVmïVÂïÐD. cç¦Í> Ø\VçÄ ïuïçá¼BV, Û_oïuïçá¼BV Cover ¸ á V  ï V ï cüBVï©Ã|Ý] cºï^ ïâ|\Vª Ãèï¹[ >«Ý]窥D ï⽦Ý][ \ ] © ¸ ç ª ¥ D zçÅÂïVyìï^. Ø\VçÄÂïuï^ kw kw ¨ª Öò©Ã>V_ ¶Í> Ãz]l_ ïV[þZâ ¸½\VªD °uæVm. 9. Column, Beam, Slab Äâ¦ìïçá ¸öÝ> c¦[ ¨àz ïD¸ï^ ïV[þZâ½_ Ø>öÍ>V_ ¶Í> Ö¦Ýç> c¦ª½BVï EØ\õâ ïéçk ØïVõ| Rough gï ¯ß· ¯Ä ¼kõ|D. 10. ïV[þZâ½uz ýBVï À«VuÅ_ (Curing) å_é z½>õ§ì ØïVõ| ØÄFB ¼kõ|D. ¼\uí¤Bçkïçá ï禸½Ý>V_ x>Ü| ÃVmïVÂï©Ã|D, >«\Vª À½ÝmçwÂïÂí½B
ï⽦D þç¦ÂzD Maintenance Free ï⽦D þç¦ÂzD. ÖÍ> g¼éVÄçªï^ ï¦uï竼BV« ïâ|\VªïÓÂz \â|t_éV\_ ï¦uïç«loòÍm 25 km kâ¦V« (Radial) #«Ý]K^á ï⽦ºïÓÂz ØÃVòÍmD ØÃVmkVï Ö>çª ¨_éVïâ|\Vª ÃèïÓÂz ÖÍ> g¼éVÄçªï^ ØÃVòÍmD.' (Longlife - 100 Years )
IV. Centering xâ|ï^ Vertical gï ÖòÂïÐD
WçÅB Ö¦ºï¹_ ïâ|\Vª©Ãèï¹_ °¼ªV >V¼ªV ¨[® >V[ Centering Ãèïçá Risk ¨|Ým ¶>Ðç¦B ÃV]©¸çª cð«V\_ à ½ Ý > k ì ï Ó D , ýÂïV>VkìïÓD ¶Äâ| ç>öBÝ]_ (¶Ø>_éVD WÂzD åV[ ¨Ý>çª ï⽦D ïâ½lòÂþ¼Å[ Ø>ö¥\V!) ØÄFþÅVìï^. Steel Centering _ ï⽦ cB«Ý]u¼ïuà Adjust ØÄFB kÄ] c^ám. Support Vertical gï ÖòÍ>V_ Load Äök« >VºzD. Öm Steel Centering _ c®] ØÄFB©Ã|þÅm. Ä¡Âz xâ|ïçá Cut ØÄFBÐD. Ö>ªV_ ØÃVò^ TðVzD. ¨[® Cross gï ÄVFÝmD Øĺï_ ïuï^, cB«Ý]çª Äö ØÄFB Øĺï_ ïuïçá¥D xâ| >òþÅVìï^. Öçk ïâ|\VªÝ]_ 10% ¶ºz Î[® Öºz Î[® ÖòÍ>V_ ëkVl_çé. Eé Ö¦ºï¹_ (Ãèï¹_ 50 % ¼\u©Ã⦠Centering xâ|ï^ ¼\uïõ¦kV® ØïV|Âï©Ã|þ[Ū. ¼\KD Cross Support ¨[ÐD Vertical xâ|ïçá ÖçðÝm ïâ¦Âí½Bçkï^ ØÄFkm Ö_çé.
\Vìß 2010
20
¸_¦ìü kVFü xâ| ¼ÃV|k>V_ ïV[þZâ ¼ÃVâ| weight kÍ>V_ ¶ç> ¼å«Vï (Vertical gï) ÖBuçï©Ã½ Gravitational ý (Aslì©A) ØÄ_éV\_ ÃÂïkVâ½_ ØÄ[® xâ|ïçá Slide ØÄFB kVF©Aï^ ¶]ïD Centering xâ| å¿ssâ¦m ¨[® í®kVìï^. ¶>ªV_ ïV[þZâ \â¦D (Level) \V¤ ¼ÃVzD. ¼kçéBVâï^ *m xâ|ï^ ÄöÍm sÃÝm °uæ kVF©A c^ám. Steel Centering ¨[ÅV_ ØÄé¡ í|>_ >V[. Ä¡Âz xâ|ï^ ¨[ÅVKD ¶çkï^ ¶çªÝmD Vertical gï ÖòÂï¡D Connecting Support D ØïV|Ým sÃÝm Ö_éV> Ãèï^ ØÄF¥ºï^. >B¡ ØÄFm ÄVFkVï xâ|ïçá cüBVï©Ã|Ý>Vìï^. cºïÓÂz Technical Knowledge Ö_çé ØB[ÅVKD Science ý cºï^ ïâ|\Vª Ãèï¹_ ÄVF¡ Cross
xâ|ï^ ( 10% ¼\¼é) ÖòÍ>V_ Ãèïçá W®Ý] Vertical gª xâ|ïçá ÃB[Ã|Ý> ØÄV_Kºï^. Beam, Slab, Cloumn bend ÖòÍ>V_ EØ\õ¦ ïéçk ¯ß·ïðD (Thikckness) í|>_ gzD. ØÄé¡ í|>_ gzD. ¼\KD Stability zçÅ¥D. ¶]ï Thicknesss ¯ß· {â¦Vm åVáç¦s_ ¯ß· ÿ¼w Tw (Spalling) kVF©A c^ám. ¼\¼é í¤B g¼éVÄçªïçá ¼>çkBVª Ö¦ºï¹_ Ãèï¹_ cüBVï©Ã|Ý] >«\Vª, c®]BVª À½ÝmçwÂïÂí½B ï⽦Ý]çª ïâ½, \þµßE¥¦[ Ã_éVõ| åéx¦[ káx¦[ kVw kVµÝ] sç¦Øîþ[¼Å[. kVµï çkBïD kVµï káx¦[. Ö[ÐD ï⽦D ï⦩Ã|D
\Vìß 2010
21
å\m ïâ|ªì z«_ ÄVìÃVï å¦Í> C o s t Effectiveness in buildings ïòÝ>«ºþ_ ïéÍm ØïVõ|, ¨ºïám W®kªÝ][ ÄVìÃVï ïâ|\VªÝmçÅl_ ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ã|D ïâ|\Vª «ÄVBªºï^ z¤Ý> Eé ïòÝmÂïçá Ãö\V¤ ØïV^á kVF©A þç¦Ý>m. ØÃV¤. ]ò. T«©Ã[ ¶kìïÓD ]ò. xòï[ ¶kìïÓD ¨ªm cç«lçª ÃV«Vâ½ kVµÝ]ªVìï^. "" kEâ¦ì kVBV_ ¸«D\ ö´ Ãâ¦D þç¦Ý>m '' ¨[® \þwÝ>Âï Îò ÃV«Vâ|. ¼\KD cç«BV|çïl_ ]ò. xòï[ ¶kìï^ ÖÍ> ¶ÐÃkºïçá ïâ|ç« Ø>Vz]ïáVï Øk¹lâ¦V_ ÃéòÂzD cüBVï\Vï ÖòÂz¼\ ¨[® ØÄV[ªVìï^. "" ïV[þöâ ïV|ï^ '' (Concrete Jungle) ¨[Å kVìÝç> Ûç\ÂïV åVâ½[ ¼ÃV«V¹ ïsQ[ ÃV© \Vì¼é 60ï¹_ ÃB[Ã|Ý]B kVìÝç>. ØÃV¤lB_ ý©A x½Ý> ¸[A suÃçª ¸«]W]BVï Ãé »ìïÓÂz ¶çéþ[Å ØÃV¿mD ï⽦ºï¹_ ¼kçéï^ ÃVìÂzD ØÃV¿mD ¨[Ð^ ¶Ëk©¼ÃVm ïV[þöâ ïV|ï^ ¨[Å kVìÝç>ï^ ZºïV«t|D. ¶©ØÃV¿m þç¦Ý> ¶ÐÃkºïÓD ïu®ÂØïVõ¦ sBºïÓD kz©ÃçÅï¹_ ¨Ëká¡ ¼>½ªVKD þç¦ÂïVm. ÖÍ> ¶ÐÃkºïçá ÃþìÍm ØïV^km ¨[Ãm tï¡D \þwÝ>Âï Îò sBD. Øk®D ¶ÐÃkºïçá \â|D ¨¿>V\_, ¶Í>Í> WﵡïÓÂz ïV«ð\Vª ïâ|\Vª «ÄVBªºï^ Ãu¤B {ì ¶¤xïD ØïV|Ý>V_, ¶m ïâ|\Vª «ÄVBªºï^ Ãu¤B Îò E[ª Ø>Vz©ÃVï ¶ç\¥¼\ ¨[® ¨ªÂz^ Îò ¨õðD, ¶>[ sçá¼k ÖÍ> ïâ|ç« Ø>V¦ì. åV[ z¤©¸¦ ¼ÃVzD ÖÍ> ÄDÃkD å¦Ím ·\Vì 15 kò¦ºï^ ÖòÂzD. Ö[® tï ¸«Ãé\Vï ÖòÂzD RMC [ ¼ÃV[Å xçÅï^ ¶¤xï\VïV> ïVéÂïâ¦D. ïV[þöâ »|ØÃVòâï^ ¨[ü> xçÅBVª ÃB[ÃVâ½uÂz k«V> ïVéD.
ØÃVmkVï ¶©ØÃV¿m admixtures ¨[ü> water proofing liquid \â|D >V[. T|ï¹_ >õ§ì Ø>Vâ½ï^ ïâ|D ØÃV¿m Îò ?âç¦ EØ\õ½uz 200 to ¨[Å ¶ás_ ïéÍm (¶á¡ï^ >BVö©A W®kªºïçá ØÃV®Ým \V®D) ïV[þöâ ¼ÃV|k¼>V ¶_ém ¯·k¼>V \â|¼\ ÃB[ÃVâ¦VF ÖòÍm kÍ>m. ÖÍ> ïVéÂïâ¦Ý]_ >V[ ]ò. ·z\V«[ ¨[Ãkì ¨[çª Ø>V¦ìA ØïVõ¦Vì. ¶kì ¶«A åVâ½_ Ãè AöÍm ØïVõ| ÖòÍ>Vì. ¶kòç¦B »ö_ Îò kèï káVïÝç> ïâ½ kÍ>Vì. Ö«õ| \V> s|xçÅl_ kÍm ÖòÍ>kì. s|xçÅ ïVéD x½Ím ÃèÂz ]òDAD x[ÃVï ï⽦ Ãèïçá x½Ým sâ| ØÄ_é ¼kõ|D ¨[® ¨õðD ØïVõ| ÖòÍ>Vì. ¶kòÂz ïV[þöâ ¼ÃV⦠Îò kV« ïVé ¶kïVÄÝ]_, ÄV«Ý]çª (Form Work) ¸öÝm sâ|, Ö«õ¦Vkm >áÝ]uïVª ¼kçéïçá g«D¸Âï g¼éVÄçªï^ ¼kõ½ ¼ïâ¦Vì. ¶kòç¦B ïâ|\Vª ¼kçéï^ mö>\Vï åç¦ ØÃÅ >ç¦BVï ÖòÂï í½Bm Roof slab concrete >V[. ¶>çª ïâ|\Vª «ÄVBªºï^ ÃB[Ã|Ý] design mix ?é\Vï ïV[þöâ ¼kï\Vï Ö®ï¡D, Îò kV« ïVéÝ]uz^ ïV[þöâ (Early Strength) x[ÃéD ¶ç¦B¡D, ïV[þöâ½_ tz ÖáÂþïçá (Super Plasticizers) ÃB[ Ã|Ý>éVD ¨[Å g¼éVÄçªïçá kwºþ¼ª[. ¼\KD Îò tï ¸«Ãé\Vª Ø>Va_ Oâà ï_Ùöl[ gFkïÝ]_ ¨ºïám tz ÖáÂþ, ïâ|\VªÝ]_ ÃB[æ ¼ÃVzD EØ\õâ, \ð_, Û_o x>oBçkïçá ØïV|Ým Îò gF¡ ØÄF¼>VD. (tz ÖáÂþï¹[ ¶á¡ïÓD, >[ç\ïÓD (Properties) \uÅ EØ\õ¦ \ð_ Û_o ØÃVòâïçá ØÃVòÝm \VÅÂí½B kVF©Aï^ c^ám ) ØÃVmkVï gFs[
22
¼ÃVm ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ã⦠EØ\õâ½çª \VuÅ ¼kõ½ kÍ>V_ *õ|D Îò xçÅ gF¡ ØÄFm ØïV^km å_ém. gFs[ x½s_ Îò ?âç¦ EØ\õ½uz, 320 to, tz ÖáÂþçB ÃB[Ã|Ý> ¼kõ|D ¨[® ÃöÍmç«Ý>Vìï^. gFk¤Âçïlçª ØÃu®Â ØïV^á ]ò. ·z\V«ÐD ¨[Ц[ kÍ]òÍ>Vì. ¶kòç¦B tz ÖáÂþ ¼>çklçª ïðÂþ|D ØÃV¿m, Ø\VÝ>\Vï Ö«õ| >áÝ]uzD ¼ÄìÝm 308 oâ¦ì kÍ>m. ØÃVmkVï ¨Í> ØÃVòçá¥D kVºzD ØÃV¿m Ø\VÝ>\Vï kVºþªV_ sçél_ E¤B ÄïVBD þç¦ÂzD. ¶>[ ¶½©Ãç¦l_ ]ò. ·z\VòD 210 oâ¦ì \u®D 100 oâ¦ì ¬©ÃVFïÓÂz (barrels) kVºþ ØïV^á yì\VMÝ>Vì. tz]BVï c^á 2 oâ¦ì tz ÖáÂþçB, >õ§ì Ø>Vâ½ ïâ|D ØÃV¿m ÃB[Ã|Ý] ØïV^á x½¡ ØÄFB©Ãâ¦m. ]ò. ·z\V«[ kèï káVïD ïâ½ kÍ> »ì, þ«V\xD ¶_éV> ØÃò åï«xD ¶_éV> Îò »ì. ¶ºz ïâ|\Vª ØÃV¤BVáìï^ ¨[® BVòD þç¦BVm. ]ò. ·z\VòD ¶kòç¦B cÅ¡ çÃB[ Îòkç« c>sÂz çkÝm ØïVõ| ØïVÝ>ªVìï^ çkÝm ØïVõ| ï⽦D ïâ½ kÍ>Vìï^. ¶]_ Îò kB>Vª ¼\ü]ö Îòkì ÖòÍ>Vì. ¶kòÂz åVºï^ ØÄFm kÍ> ¨Í> gF¡D, Îò kV« ïVéÝ]_ ÄV«Ýç> ¸öÂïéVD ¨[Å ïòÝ]KD ·Ý>\Vï c¦[ÃV| Ö_çé. 21 åVâïÓÂz x[ÃVï ÄV«Ý]çª ¸ö©Ãm ïâ|\VªÝç> kKséÂï ØÄFms|D ¨[® kV]â| kÍ>Vì. ïç¦EBVï ]ò. ·z\Vö[ ¸½kV>Ý]uz ~| ØïV|Âï ÖBéV\_ ΩA ØïVõ¦Vì. "" >D¸ cºï kB·D ¨[ ¶ÐÃkxD Îõb, Àºï ¨_éVD sëD Ø>öBV\_ ØÄFþ[Sìï^, ¨ç>¼BV ØÄF¥ºï^, ¨[çª
ïV[þöâ ïV|ï^ Ãz] 1.... ïV[þöâ »|ØÃVòâï^ (Concrete Admixtures)
ØÃV¤BVáì. D. «s ¶kìï^ WìkVï ÖBÂzªì Techny Chemy, Trichy
23
¸_¦ìü kVFü ÄD\Í>©Ã|Ý>Vyìï^ '' ¨[® ØÄV_o sâ| Îmºþ ØïVõ¦Vì. ¶>ªV_ ]ò. ·z\Vö[ cÅ¡ çÃBM¦D, 320 to ÄöBVï ¶ás¦ Îò ¶á©ÃVçª (Measuring c
u
p
)
ØïV|Ým, ¶]_ 320 t o ¶ásuz Îò Eï©A WÅ ¼ ï V | Î[¤çª¥ D ¼ÃVâ| ØïV|ݼ>[. ¼\KD tz ÖáÂþçB ¨©Ã½ ÃB[ Ã|Ý> ¼kõ|D. ïV[þöâ|Âz ¨Ëká¡ >õ§ì »uÅ ¼kõ|D ¼ÃV[Å sëºïçá Ø>¹kVï sáÂþ ØÄV_osâ| kͼ>[. ïV[þöâ ]ªÝ>[® ]ò. ·z\Vç« í©¸â| ïkª\Vï ØÄF¥\V® ¼ïâ|ÂØïVõ¦¼>V| ¨ªm kVµÝmïçá¥D Ø>ösÝm ØïVõ¼¦[. Îò suÃçª ¸«]W]BVï Îò \VÝ]u¼ï 300 oâ¦ì>V[ tzÖáÂþçB suïÂí½B ¶Í> ïVéÂïâ¦Ý]_ (1994D gõ½_ ÖßÄDÃkD å¦Í>m) μ« kV½ÂçïBVáì ¶Í> ¶ásuz kVºþB>V_ ¨ªÂz suÃçª ÖéÂþçª (target achievement) ¶ç¦B ÖézkVþBm. ¶>VªV¼é¼B ]ò. ·z\VòÂz EÅ©A ïkªD. ¨_éVD tï \þµkVï¼k ØÄ[Åm. ¶[® \Vçé kç«l_, ¶©ØÃV¿m ¨_éVD ØÄ_ ¼ÃE (Mobile
¨_éVD þç¦BVm. \Vçé ·\Vì 4 \èl_ ÖòÍm ÎËØkVò ¶ç« \è ¼å«Ý]uz Îò xçÅ ]ò. ·z\Vì ¶kìï^ ¨ªm ¶KkéïÝ]uzD, ¸Åz ¨ªm Ö_éÝ]uzD Ø>Vçé¼ÃEl_ Ø>V¦ìA ØïVõ| ÖòÍ]òÂþ[ÅVì. åV[ ¶[® ¨ªm ¶Kkéï sB\Vï >ÞçÄ kç« ØÄ[® Öòͼ>[. Ö«¡ 11 \èBás_>V[ ¨ªm Ö_éD kÍm >ïk_ Ø>öÍm ]ò. ·z\Vç« Ø>V¦ìA ØïVõ¼¦[, ¶©ØÃV¿m ¨ºïÓÂz^ å¦Í> cç«BV¦çé ÿ¼w ØïV|Ým c^¼á[. Phones)
åV[
: ¶FBV kðÂïD, ïV[þöâ ¨_éVD å_é ýBVï x½Í>>V? ]ò. ·z\Vì : »D.... »D..... ¨_éVD x½ÞE ¼ÃVßE, ïV[þöâ Ö[ÐD Ö®ï¼k Ö_çé. ¶©Ã½¼B ØïVw ØïVw ¨[® ÃVBVÄD ¼ÃVé¼k ÖòÂþ[Åm. åV[ : ¶FBV ¨[ª ØÄV_Sºï ? ]ò. ·z\Vì : åV[ ØÄV_é Î[®¼\ Ö_çé. ¨_¼éVòD cºï Chemical >V[ Ö>uz ïV«ðD ¨[® ØÄV_þ[ÅVìï^. c¦¼ª kÍm Äö Ãõbºï^. Ö_çéªV Ø\VÝ> åi¦ç>¥D Àºï^>V[ ØïV|Âï ¼kõ|D. åV[ : ¶FBV ¶m kÍm...... ]ò. ·z\Vì : åVçáÂz kÍm Äö Ãõbºï.... Ö_çéªV åV[ Consumer Court Âz ¼ÃVFs|¼k[. " " ئV '' Ø>Vçé¼ÃE çkÂï©Ãâ| sâ¦m. ¨[ >çél_ Ö½¼B s¿Í>m ¼ÃV_ gªm. ïV[þöâ °[ Ö®ïs_çé ? ¨>ªV_ ÖÍ> ¸«ßEçª ?
\Vìß 2010
24
¸_¦ìü kVFü ¶|Ý> Ö>a_ ÃV쩼ÃVD..... Ö©ØÃV¿m ïâ|\Vª «ÄVBªºï^ (Construction Chemicals) z¤Ým Îò E[ª ¶¤xïD. ïâ|\Vª «ÄVBªºïçá ÿ¼w z¤©¸â¦çkï^ ¼ÃV_ kçï©Ã|Ý>éVD. e ïV[þöâ »|ØÃVòâï^ (Concrete Admixtures) e e
Øk©Ã >|ÃV[ï^ (Thermal Àì ïE¡ >|©ÃV[ï^
Insulation)
(Water Proofing Coatings) e
þØ«á¡â½º «ÄVBªºï^ (Grouting Systems)
e
mò©¸½Ý>_ >|©ÃV[ï^ (Corrosion Prevention Systems)
e e e e
ÿm ÀÂzD «ÄVBªºï^ (Repair Systems) Ø>Vaéï >áºï^ (Industrial Floors) Öçð©ÃV[ï^ (Sealants) ç¦_ Îâ|\Vª ØÃVòâï^ (Tile Adhesives & Joint fillers)
¼\¼é z¤©¸â¦ ÄDÃkÝ][ ï>VåVBïªVª tz ÖáÂþï^ ¼ÃV[Å ïV[þöâ »|ØÃVòâï^ (Concrete Admixtures) ¨[ÅV_ ¨[ª ¨[® sökVï ÃV쩼ÃVD. EØ\õâ, \ð_, Û_o, >õ§ì >s«, ïV[þöâ ¼ÃV|D ØÃV¿¼>V ¶_ém x[ÃVï¼kV ïV[þöâ½[ >[ç\ïçá ( ¼kçé ]Å[, Ö®zD ]Å[ (Workabality / Hardening, Stenghth) \Vu¤ ¶ç\Âï c>¡k>uïVï ïéÂï©Ã|D ØÃVò¼á (Concrete A d m i z t u r e s ) ïV[þöâ »|ØÃVòâï^ ¨[® ¶çwÂï©Ã|þ[Åm. e >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ ( Retarding Admixtures ) e
sç«kVÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ (Accelerating Admixtures)
e
>õ§ì zçÅ©ÃV[ï^ (Water Reducers)
e e
tz ÖáÂþï^ (Super Plasticizers) ïVu® Az©ÃV[ï^ (Air - entraining admixtures)
>V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ (Retarding Admixtures) d ÖËkçï »|ØÃVòâï^ ïV[þöâ½[ Ö®zD >[ç\çB >V\]Âï ØÄFB ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ã|þ[Åm. Öçk ïV[þöâ½[ ïéçk ¶ç\©çüBV ¶_ém ïV[þöâ c®]©Ã|D Wçél_ còkVzD ¼k]B_ ¶ç\©Aïçá¼BV \Vu®k]_çé. Øk¹©AÅ Øk©Ã Wçé tï ¶]ï\Vï ÖòÂzD ØÃV¿m, ïV[þöâ½[ c^ c^á Øk©Ã Wçé¥D cBìÍm ïV[þöâ tï sç«kVï Ö®zkmD, c®]©Ã|kmD °uæÂí|D. Ö>ªV_ ïV[þöâ½_ OõsöÄ_ï^ °uæÂí|D. Ö>çª >|Âï¡D ïV[þöâ >V\>\Vï Ö®ï¡D. c®]©Ã¦¡D >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ (Retarding Admixtures) ÃB[Ã|Ý>© Ã|þ[Åm. ¼\KD ïV[þöâ½çª Îò Ö¦Ý]_ ïéÍm ¸¤Ø>Vò Ö¦Ý]_ ÃB[Ã|Ýmk>uïVª ïVé ¶á¡D þç¦ÂzD. ïV[þöâ½[ "" ÖÅÂïD >[ç\ '' (Slump retention) À½ÂzD. ¨|ÝmÂïVâ¦Vï Îò \è ¼å«Ý]oòÍm ?[® \è ¼å«\Vï ÖÅÂïD >[ç\çB À½Âï ØÄFB x½¥D. ØÃòkVöBVª >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^, >õ§ì zçÅ©ÃV[ï^ (Water Reducers) gï¡D ØÄB_Aö¥D. Ö>çª "" >V\]ÂzD >õ§ì zçÅ©ÃV[ï^ '' (Water Reducing Retarders) ¨[® í¤¦éVD. «ÄVBª »|ØÃVòâï^ (Chemical Admixtures) z¤Ým ASTM >« WìðBÝ]_ (ASTM Classification) ASTM C 494 Type B ¨[Ãm >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ (Retarding Admixtures) z¤Ým ØÄV_þ[Åm. ¶¼> Ä\BD Type D ¨[Ãm >V\]ÂzD >õ§ì zçÅ©ÃV[ï^ (Water Reducing Retarders) z¤Ým ØÄV_þ[Åm. >õ§ç« zçÅ©Ã>V_ °uæÂí½B zçÅkVª EØ\õâ Àì
\Vìß 2010
25
¸_¦ìü kVFü sþ>VßÄV«Ý]ªV_ ïV[þöâ½[ c®] (Compressive Strength) ¶]ïöÂzD ¨[®D í®þ[Åm. ¼ÄV½BD, o¼ªV ¼ÃV[Å ¼k]©ØÃVòâï¹[ ïéçk>V[ >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^. EØ\õâ mï^ï¹[ *m >õ§ì Ã⦡¦[ °uÃ|D çÇ⼫|ï^ (Hydrates) *m >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ Îâ½ÂØïV^ÓD, ¶>ªV_ ¼\KD çÇ⼫|ï^ còkVzkm >|Âï©Ã|D. Öm g«DÃÂïVé Ö®zD >[ç\çB (Initial Setting time) >V\]Âï ØÄF¥D. >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ ïé©Ãm ?é\Vï ïV[þöâ Ö®zkç> 65 F oòÍm 100 F / 18 C oòÍm 40 C kç«léVª Øk©Ã Wçél_ 1 x>_ 3 \è¼å«D kç« >V\]Âï ØÄFB x½¥D. ¶>uz ¼\_ ¶ku¤[ TöBD zçÅÍm ïV[þöâ Ö®ï g«D¸Ýms|D. ÖËkçï »|ØÃVòâïçá cüBVþÂzD x[ÃVï ÄöBVª Ãö¼ÄV>çªï^ ØÄFmÂØïV^á ¼kõ|D. Ö_çé ¨M_ ïV[þöâ Ö®zkç>¥D c®] ØÃòkç>¥D cºïÓÂz ¼>çkBVª ¶á¡ ¼å«Ýç>Ý >Võ½¥D >V\]Âï ØÄFms|D. IS 9103 - 1979 >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ Ãu¤B z¤©Aïçá tï Ø>¹kVï sáÂzþ[Åm. sç«kVÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ (Accelarating 0
0
0
0
>sìÂï©Ã|þ[Åm. >uØÃV¿m z¼áVç«| Ö_éV> »|ØÃVòâï^ (Chloride Free Admixtures) tï ¸«Ãé\Vþ kòþ[Åm. Eo¼ïâü (Silicates) \u®D ½ç« ¨Ý]¼éVªVç\[ (Triethanomine) ¼ÃV[Å ¼k]© ØÃVòâï¹[ íâ|Âïéçk sç«kVÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ >BVö©Aï¹_ Ö©ØÃV¿m ÃB[Ã|Ý> Ã|þ[Åm. ASTM C 494, TYPE C and ASTM D98 \u®D IS 9103 sç«kVÂzD »|ØÃVòâï^ Ãu¤B z¤©Aïçá tï Ø>¹kVï sáÂzþ[Åm. sç«kVÂzD »| ØÃVòâï^ ÃB[Ã|Ýmk>[ ?éD, tï sç«kVï ïV[þöâ Ö®zD ów_ còkVzD. ¶>ªV_ Eöº¼ïë Øk½©Aï^ (Shrinkage Cracks) còkVzD kVF©A c^ám. Ö>çª ïkªÝ]_ ØïVõ| À«Vu®>çé (Curing) tï ïkª\Vï ØÄFB ¼kõ|D.
Admixtures)
Öm >V\]ÂzD »|ØÃVòâïÓÂz ¶©Ã½¼B ¨]ì\çÅBVªm. ïV[þöâ Ö®zkç>¥D c®] ØÃòkç>¥D tï sç«kVï ØÄB_Ã|Ý>Âí½B Îò »|ØÃVò^. ïV_EBD z¼áVç«| ÄVìÍ> ¼k]© ØÃVòâï¹[ ïéçk>V[ sç«kVÂzD »| ØÃVòâï^ >BVö©¸_ ÃB[Ã|Ý>©Ã|þ[Åm. ïD¸ï^ c^á ïV[þöâ½_ (RCC) ÃB[Ã|ÝmD ØÃV¿m ïV_EBD z¼áVç«| ïD¸ï^ *m sçª AöÍm ¶çk mò ¸½Âï Îò ïV«èBVï ¶ç\þ[Åm. Ö>çª >sìÂzD ØÃVòâ| Ö©ØÃV¿m z¼áVç«| ÄVìÍ> ¼k]© ØÃVòâï^ ÃB[Ã|Ýmkm
\Vìß 2010
26
gìkD c^á gõ / ØÃõ ÖòÃVáVòÂzD \Vkâ¦D ¼>V®D ¼kçékVF©A ¸_¦ìü kVFü \V> Ö>¿Âz ÄÍ>V \u®D sáDëD ¼ÄïöÂï gâï^ ¼>çk. >z]
: °>Vkm Îò ÖáDïçéÃâ¦D ØÃu¤òÂï¼kõ|D.
ÄDÃáD : ¼åìxï ¼>ìs_ x½¡ ØÄFB©Ã|D. ¼>]
: 21.03.2010 QVlu®Âþwç\
¼å«D
: 10.00 \èÂz¼\_ 5.00 \èÂz^ Ø>V¦ìAÂz
27
¸_¦ìü kVFü
Wé å|ÂïÝ]ªV_ kòD í|>_ ¶ß·sçÄ, kçe¡ cÍ>D #õï^ k½kç\©A ¸©«kö 2010 Ö>a_ Wéå|ÂïÝ]ªV_ kòD í|>_ ¶ß·sçÄ (Axial Force) \u®D kçe¡ cÍ>D Ãâ½Bo¦©Ãâ|^em. ¶Í> ¶â¦kçð >ïkKÂïVï *õ|D ÿ¼w ØïV|Âï©Ãâ|^em. Ö«õ¦Vkm >eD
köçÄ ¨õ 1) 2)
¶ß· sçÄ
Økâ| sçÄ
kçe¡ cÍ>D
(Axial Force)
(Shear)
(Moment)
A1,A3, C1,C3 A2,B1,B2,B3,C2
41.41 KN
47.33KN 94.66KN
82.83 KN-M 165.65 KN-M
A1,A3, C1,C3 A2,B1,B2,B3,C2
144.00 KN
69.92KN 139.83KN
122.36 KN-M 244.70 KN-M
A1,A3, C1,C3 A2,B1,B2,B3,C2
271.30 KN
77.85KN 155.70KN
136.24 KN-M 272.48 KN-M
#õï^
x>_ >eD 1) 2)
>ç« >eD 1) 2)
>ç«Ý >eÝ]_ tï¡D ¶]ï\Vï í|>_ ¶ß· sçÄ, Økâ|sçÄ, kçe¡ cÍ>D x>oBª °uÃ|þ[Ū. ï⽦Ý][ ¶e¡ï^ æD 1-_ ïV⦩Ãâ|^eª. ï⽦D >ç«Ý>eD \u®D Ö«õ| >eºï^ ØïVõ¦m. Öm Îò z½lò©AÂïVª ¶ç\©A. #õï^ *m ØÄKÝ>©Ã|D ·ç\ (Load): (Wéå|ÂïD Ö_éV\_) >eÝ][ *m Îò Äm« *â¦òÂz ¨|ÝmØïV^e©Ã|þÅm. ·ç\ï^ (load) #õï¹[ z¤X|
A1,A3, C1,C3
= 4.00 x 4.00 x 18 x 3 x 1.2 2 2 A2,B1, C3,B3 = 4.00 x 4.00 x 18 x 3 2 B2 = 4.00 x4.00 x 18 x 3
18KN
¶½Ý>eD (Founting)
¶e¡Âz ¶¿Ý>D Öò©Ã>Vï
#õ (Column)
= 260 KN
39
= 430 KN
56
= 864 KN
90
\Vìß 2010
28
¸_¦ìü kVFü #õï^ k½kç\©A (Design of Columns) ¶) #õï^ A1,A3, C1,C3 >ç«Ý>eD : Wéå|ÂïÝ>V_ ¨]ìÃVìÂï©Ã|D í|>_ ¶ß· sçÄ (Axial load) = 271.3 í|>_ kçe¡ cÍ>D (Moment) = 136.24 Factored Load PU = 1.5 x 390 = 585 ¶_ém = 1.2(390+271.3) = 794
(Ö]_ ¨m ¶]ï¼\V, ¶m) Factored Moment : Mu = 1.2 (136.24) = 164 KN-M ¨ª¼k #õï^ A1,A3, C1,C3 gþB åV[þKD ÿµÂïõ¦ ¶ß· sçÄ
\u®D kçe¡ cÍ>Ý]uz k½kç\Âï©Ã¦ ¼kõ|D. PU = 794 KN MU = 164 KN-M fck = 20 N/mm2, (M20) Grade Concrete #õï¹[ ¶e¡ 230 x 450 mm D = 450 Mn d1 = 50mm, d=450 mm d1 = 50 = 0.11 D 450 Pu = 794 $ 1000 fckbd 20x230x400
= 0.43.
Mu = 164x1000x1000 = 0.222 20x230x400x400 fckbd2
#õï¹[ Ö«õ| ÃÂïºï¹_ \â|D ïD¸ï^ ¶ç\Âï©Ã|k>Vï ¨|Ým ØïV^¼kVD ¼>çk©Ã|D c®]Râ½Â ïD¸ï¹[ ¶e¡ Ä>sþ>D (Percentage of Steel) = 20 x 0.16 ( Chart 32 from SP:16) = 3.20% 3.20 c®]Râ½Â ïD¸ ë©Ãe¡ = x 2.3x4.5 = 33.12 Ä.ØÄ.* 100
\Vìß 2010
29
¸_¦ìü kVFü
0
00
0
0
00
0
00
z®Âz ïD¸ ¶_ém Ã|Âçï ïD¸ 8mm sâ¦D 200mm Öç¦Øk¹l_
0
450
0
ÀekVÂþ_ : 10 ¨õï^ 20mm sâ¦D \u®D 4 ¨õï^ 12 mm sâ¦D
00
¶_ém c®]Râ½Â ïD¸ï¹[ ¨õèÂçï 10 - 20# 10 ¨õï^ 20mm sâ¦xç¦Bçk \u®D 4 ¨õï^ 12mm sâ¦D cç¦Bçk #õ ¶e¡ 230 x 450 mm ïD¸ ÀekVÂþ_ 20mm - 10 ¨õèÂçï z®Âz ïD¸ (Lateral Ties) - 8mm sâ¦D cç¦Bçk 200mm Öç¦Øk¹ï¹_ Öçk z®Âz Økâ|© æÝ]_ ïV⦩Ãâ|^eª
230
Ö¼> ¼ÃV[® \uÅ #õïçe¥D, \uÅ >e\⦺ï¹_ k½kç\Ý]¦ ¼kõ|D.
\Vìß 2010
30
35 31
32
33
SMI
READY MIX CONCRETE
RIGHT MIX ! RIGHT ON TIME!
Plants Thiruvalar Solai, Kalaanai Road, Trichy - (Dt) Cell : 98424 29297, 98424 10057, 99654 21777 E-mail: devendiran@ymail.com
Roofing Materials Suppliers, Fabricators, Erectors, Installer. A
Pre Engineered Building
A
Roof Ventilators
A
Primary Framing Systems
A
Metal False Celling
System A
Car Shed
A
Portico
A
Industrial
A
Granite Factory
A
Thirumana Mandabam
A
Meeting Hall
ABI ENGINEERING BUILDING SOLUTIONS
A
Entertainment Hall
Dakchan Thirupathi Road, Common Thotti, Hosur, (Tk), Krishnagirl - D.t.
Abi Building Solutions is one of the Professionally Managed Company. We deal with metal roofing sheets Pre-Engineered Building. All type of domestic & Industrial Fabrications.
Cell : 95663 33898, 97900 05771. E-mail : abiindustrieshosur@yahoo.com
34