BED-ROOM BATH-ROOM MUSH-ROOM
Y4 STUDIO Saifa Sathaporn Camille Cambefort
Contents
Step by step guide
Cover
S,M,L
Designers
Questioning the potentials
Contents
Contents
S
S
Local library
Members
Project description
S
S
What is mycelium?
M
M
Life cycle
M
M
L
L
Tools
Location
Substrates hybrids
Sound insulation test
L
L
Experiment strains
Experiment planning
Substrates hybrids
Strength test
Properties
Currently in use
Case studies
Thailand’s mushroom
Avoidance
Experiment records
Bangkok map
Testing
Conclusion
Texture/ Appearance
Points of failure
The most successful mycelium hybrid
Strains
Strains
Density
Agricultural byproducts
Light
Light
Fire test
Preparation
Light
Light
Water test
Addendum & references
Work process
Shopping links References
Back cover
Introduction Case studies analysis Mushroom & Substrates library Documentation of mycelium experiments Addendum & references Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Contents Introduction Contents Members Project description
1 What is mycelium? Life cycle Properties Potentials
2 Case studies
S,M,L Designers Stan Smith Mylo Mycelium chair The growing pavilion Questioning the potentials
2 4 5
6 8 10 11
12 14 15 16 20 24 28
3 Local library
Thailand’s mushroom Bangkok map Agricultural byproducts
4 Preparation
Tools Location Experiment strains Experiment planning Step by step guide Avoidance
5 Experiment records Strains Light Substrates hybrids
30 32 33 34
36 38 39 40 41 42 43
44 46 48 52
6 Testing
56 58 60 62 64 66 68
Texture/ Appearance Density Fire test Water test Sound insulation test Strength test
7 Conclusion
Points of failure The most successful mycelium hybrid
8 Addendum & references Work process Shopping links References
70 72 74
76 78 80 81
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Members
Ema Hana Kacar Instructor
Camille Cambefort Student
Saifa Sathaporn Student
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Project Description By building upon the notion of biomimicry, which aims to perfect man made inventions by implementing nature-inspired designs, the project will investigate the characteristics of mushroom mycelium, its applications as a construction material, and its role in the future of sustainable design, in order to offset the environmental pollution caused by traditional methods of production and assembly. Studio : BED-ROOM, BATH-ROOM, MUSH-ROOM
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
What is mycelium?
2. SPORE
1. MYCELIUM
3. FRUIT BODY
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
MYCELIUM
FRUIT BODY
SPORE
1%
95%
5%
The fungi is composed by three main parts, the fruit body, the most visible part, the spores which is the part under the cap of the fruit and the main part of it : the mycelium. The my celium is the roots of the fungi, it’s a hidden part which composed 95% of the mushroom.
This gemination marks the beginning of the existence of mycelium. The myceliul in order to grow, pro duce enzymes into its surroundings. The purpose is to digesting its environment and ab-
It role is to ensures the production of mushroom. When a spore comes in contact with an underlayer in a suitable environment and condition, germination will occur.
are growing. This is when an extensive mycelium network born
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Properties
Fire resistant
Water repelant
Durable
light weight
co2 absorbance
return to earth
Sound absorbance
organic
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Currently in use Furniture
Textile
Fashion
Mushroom mycelium used
Designed by Angela Hoitink,
Stan Smith Mylo, Adidas’ latest
to create suede-like
Karin Vlug (c) Jeroen Dietz
concept shoe, introduces a
furniture by Sebastian
mushroom-based material.
Cox and Ninela Ivanova
Medicine
Food
Architecture..........
Alexander Fleming discovered
Mushroom soup
The Growing pavilion - Pascal
penicillin.
Mushroom gravy
Leboucq in collaboration with
Mushroom ketchup...
Erik Klarenbeek's studio Krown Design.
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Case studies
Case studies Textile / fashion
Furniture / Lifestyle Installation
Human scale architecture
S
M
L
Stan Smith mylo adidas shoes
Mycelium chair studio eric klarenbeek
the growing pavilion dutch design week
- Mycelium compressed
- 3D-printed
- Pre-fabrication
- Shell + Infill
- On-site construction
- Organic form
- Living facade
into thin leather - Color treated
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Adidas ag Bolt threads
Adidas Ag is a German multinational corporation founded in 1949 by Adolf Dassler. Since then, they sporswear brand in Europe and the second one in the world. Bolt Threads is a material solutions company. They are inovating in the domain of the new substainable materials. They developed «Mylo», an organic leather uses by many big companies.
Eric klarenbeek
lucas de man Eric klarenbeek pascal leboucq
Eric Klarenbeek is a dutch desginer. He graduated from the Design Acadamy Eindhoven in 2003. Since 2010, with his partner and designer Maartje Dros, they have been focusing on developing projects combining nature and technology in order to developp new eco-techological solution that will help both society and ecology. The mycelium chair is one of his project that represent his vision.
Designers
Lucas De Man originary for Belgium graduated from the KU Leuven with a master’s in literature in 2004. He is the founder Artistic Director of New Heroes, an international network of creators based in Amsterdam creating art projects and urban actions all over Europe and beyond. Pascal Leboucq is a belgium designer and cenographer. He di his study at the royal academy Space at the Design Academy in Eindhoven. He is actually working at New Heroes with Lucas De Man.
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
S
production process Case 1 the adidas mylo
3.
2. 1.
Cells are placed on a dish in a lab with enough cellulose-rich nutriTaking the mycelium cells
Byproducts are shaped into thin panels
called «hyphae»
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
4. 5. Sawdust is then mixed with nutrients and mixed with mushroom spores in “bag logs”. The bags are left in an incubation room for two weeks to one month
The mycelium is treated and colored to look like the real leather. The shoe is assembled. The heel tab overlay and pre mium branding are all made with Mylo
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
elevation
S
plan
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section Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
M
production process Case 2 the mycelium chair
1.
2.
3. Print in 3D printer -print the outer shell
Agricultural waste (Substrate) 3d printing
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
5.
6. -
Outer shell print from biomass plas tic
Using 3D printer inject myce lium composite into the shell
8. Wait for the mycelium to grow throughout the chair
Keep in humidity out of direct sunlight
9. The mycelium become dense then pully grown and turn into solid lump. Put in the heater to stop the growing process
Let it dry and then you have the
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
elevation
M section
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
detail cut
plan
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
L
production process Case 3 the growing pavilion
1.
2. Sterilize anything that will touch the mycelium and Mix the composite in the bowl or mixer.
3. Pour into the mold panel
Make some holes to allow for air exchange and equalize the surface to the desire shape
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
4. Put inside the plastic cover to accommodate humidity and leave in the room provide and wait for the growing process
5.
6. Mycelium become fully grown and solidify
Final step: the installation of the pavilion
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
L
module #1 - Standardize
side perspective
module #2 - half Standardize Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
1.
4.
1. Mycelium facade panels
2. floor and furniture
The power of mycelium is that it can easily be shaped into any desired shape. The best way to do is to fill molds with it.
Floor parts and furniture are made of bio-laminates consist of various organic raw materials. The major material is cattail.
3. ecoBoard Benches
4. cotton roof
Ecoboard are consists of 95% rice straw.
The roof of the pavilion is made of wool from the cotton plant.
5. kerto construction
6. impershield coating
The Kerto construction that is used in the Growing pavilion consists of Pine tree and Aspen wood.
The coating is made from resin from tree barks and grasses from Mexico.
6. 2.
5. 3.
2.
exploded axonometric Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
cases studies
critique
stan smith mylo - adidas - Don’t have enough experience on the organic leather - Lot of hope in this material
mycelyum chair - New way to 3D with a living material - New organic material that offers multiple possibilities
the growing pavilion - Use the mycelium as an integration in the construction - Show the potentiel of the mycelium
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
hypothesis
- Is it resistant in the time ? - Is it resistant to the weather ?
- Can we print without shell, only with mycelium ?
- Can we built a whole construction using the multiples aspect of the mycelium ?
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Local library
Thailand’s popular consuming mushrooms
Reishi
Family: Ganodermataceae Genus: Ganoderma Species: G. lingzhi
Pearl oyster
Family: Pleurotaceae Genus: Pleurotus Species: P. ostreatus
Shiitake
Lentinus squarrosulus
Pleurotus eous
Cordyceps
Golden needle mushroom
Wood ear
Family: Omphalotaceae Genus: Lentinula Species: L. edodes
Family: Cordycipitaceae Genus: Cordyceps Species: Cordyceps militaris
Order: Family: Genus:
Polyporales Polyporaceae Lentinus
Family: Physalacriaceae Genus: Flammulina Species: F. velutipes
Family: Pleurotaceae Genus: Pleurotus Species: P. pulmonarius
Family: Auriculariaceae Genus: Auricularia Species: A. auricula-judae Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok Map Mushroom farms in Bangkok Markets selling mushroom
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
agricultural byproducts
Woodchips
Coco husk
Rice straw
Hemp fiber
Wheat bran
Soybean hull
Egg shell
Corn husk
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Agricultural byproducts in Thailand Thailand is an agricultural country, after harvesting there will be a large amount of agricultural waste left which could be use as biomass energy. Biomass is the production of industrial-agricultural waste such as rice husk, bagasse fiber and palm shell.
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Thermometer
PDA Measure
Beaker
Glass jars
Container (foam box)
Petri dishes
Tray LED plant grow light
Autoclave
Mask
Face shield
Cotton
Gloves
Tin foil
preparation
Water spray Alcohol spray
Bowl
Scissors
Glass jars
Plastic bag
Petri dishes
Location
Open for letting air in
Close for keeping humidity
Saifa’s house Temperature Humidity
Cover with rubbish bag to accomodate dark environment
NIght time LED plant grow light
: Bathroom : 28-29 C* : 50-70% Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Location
Open for letting air in and deep enought to keeping humidity
Grow with a white lite A towel cover the shel to maintain humidity
Grow in a closed drawer to have a dark like and keeping humidity
Camille’s house : Bathroom Temperature : 28-29 C* Humidity : 50-70% Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
experimenting strains & substrates mushroom strains
1.
2.
3.
substrates
4.
1.
2.
Woodchips
Coco husk
6.
sh i
5.
Hemp fiber
Re i
ke Sh iit a
ur ot us P. Pl e
Le nti n
us
S.
4.
3.
Soy hull
Rice straw
Wheat bran
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
experiment planning 1.
2.
lights Dark
White
substrates Red
Blue
Woodchips only
Purple
Reishi
Reishi
Shiitake
Shiitake
Lentinus S.
Lentinus S.
Pleurotus P.
Pleurotus P.
2. Different light depends on different species 3. Control/ Trigger
Woodchips + Straw
Woodchips + Hemp fiber
Woodchips + Wheat bran
Woodchips + Soy hull
1. Vernacular materials
1. Rate/ speed of growth (fast/slow) Reasons of investigation
Woodchips + Coco husk
Reasons of investigation
2. Textures 3. Rate of growth 4. Would each have different properties? ( e.g. Fire, water, sound insulation )
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Step by step guide 1. Light experiment 1.
Sanitize
2.
Pour agar into plate
3.
4.
5.
6.
Place the strain
Close the plate
Expose to LED light
Growing
2. substrates experiment 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sanitize
Mixing
Filling
Pasteurization
Cooling
Spawning
7.
Growing
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Avoidance Not enough moisture Pay attention to moisture and humidity levels. Your project should always be slightly damp, so mist or water when it starts to dry out
too much moisture Don’t let your project sit in standing water. Moisture is good, but too much leads to mold. Remember it’s all about drainage.
Not sterile enough
not air exchange
Try to maintain a clean work environment. Wash your hands and don’t work next to the litter box. Foreign organisms can kill your project.
Mushrooms need oxygen tool. Make sure that the project has a flow of fresh air. Don’t place things in areas with no air exchange, or open the container once a day to air it out.
wrong environment A warm temperature species will struggle in cold weather. A wood-loving species won’t grow as well on straw. Research the best conditions for your mushrooms.
not knowing the life cycle You don’t need to be a professional to understand the mushroom life cycle. Make sure you have a basic knowledge of how they grow and reproduce.
bad spawn / mycelium Only buy spawn from a reputable company, and keep shipping time to a minimum. After that, use it or lose it as it won’t stay viable indefinitely.
lack of patience Mycelium takes time to grow into a substrate and produce mushrooms. Be patient if things don’t happen right away.
Architectural Design 4 INDA | International Program in Design and Architecture, Chulalongkorn University
Woodchips + wheat bran
Woodchips + hemp fiber
Pl eu ro tu sP .
Le nti nu sS .
ak e Sh iit
sh i Re i Woodchips + Soyhull
Experiment records
addendum & references
References for case studies https://www.adidas.co.th/th/blog/663481-stan-smith-mylotm-made-using-mushrooms https://www.dezeen.com/2021/04/19/stan-smith-mylo-trainers-adidas-mycelium-leather/ https://boltthreads.com/blog/introducing-the-adidas-stan-smith-mylo/ https://www.google.com/search?q=mycelium+chair&rlz=1C5CHFA_enFR893FR893&oq=mycelium+chair&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l3j69i60l3.7193j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://boltthreads.com/blog/introducing-the-adidas-stan-smith-mylo/
https://www.wired.com/2013/12/mushroom-chair/ https://www.kabk.nl/en/lectorates/design/the-mycelium-project https://boltthreads.com/blog/introducing-the-adidas-stan-smith-mylo/
https://www.dezeen.com/2019/10/29/growing-pavilion-mycelium-dutch-design-week/ https://thegrowingpavilion.com/about/ https://companynewheroes.com/project/the-growing-pavilion/ https://thegrowingpavilion.com/ Lorem ipsum
References for experiment https://grocycle.com/how-to-grow-mushrooms/ https://thegreentemple.net/articles/mycelium-the-future-is-fungi https://www.micropia.nl/en/discover/microbiology/mycelium/#:~:text=A%20mycelium%20is%20a%20network,can%20sprout%20from%20a%20mycelium. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4397375/ https://sustainlabrca.org/growing-mycelium-workshop/#:~:text=Ideal%20conditions%20to%20encourage%20growth,a%20little%20bit%20of%20airflow. https://fungiacademy.com/common-mushroom-cultivation-mistakes-to-avoid/ https://mushplanet.com/basic-cultivation/the-ideal-growing-conditions/ https://mycology.fandom.com/wiki/Fruiting_conditions
work process
work process