EPAMSÂŽ Siphonic cast iron drainage system
Comprehensive pipe solutions
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Location
Project
Area (m²)
Building Type
Shanghai
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1
176 000
Airports
Hefei
Anhui International Exhibition and Conference Centre
34 157
Exhibition Centres
Xian
Xian Xianyang International Airport
35 110
Airports
Dongguan
Dongguan Nokia Factory Phase I
16 080
Industrial Buildings and Factories
Dongguan
Dongguan Nokia Factory Phase II
12 400
Industrial Buildings and Factories
CHINA
MACAU Sai Wan
Macau Tower Convention and Entertainment Centre
Cotai
Venetian Macau at Cotai (Parcel 1) – Podium, Expo and Energy Centre
Nape
7 250
Exhibition Centres
120 548
Casinos/ Integrated Resorts
MGM Grand Macau
29 603
Casinos/ Integrated Resorts
Cotai
City of Dreams at Cotai – Podium, Energy Centre, Theatre and Hotel B1/B2 Amenity Deck
36 589
Casinos/ Integrated Resorts
Macau
Wynn Cotai
8 900
Casinos/ Integrated Resorts
Wan Chai
Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre Extension – Old Atrium Link
4 830
Exhibition Centres
Chep Lap Kok
Hong Kong International Airport – Contract 312 East Hall Expansion Works
6 340
Airports
Mong Kok
The Mall - Langham Place (URA – Development Scheme K2)
3 325
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Tsuen Wan
MTR – Drainage Improvement Works to Electronic Workshop at Tsuen Wan Depot
1 320
Railway/Metro Stations
Discovery Bay
ESF Foundation – Discovery College
4 710
Schools and Universities
Tseung Kwan O
ASD – TKO Sports Ground at Area 45 (Main venue for East Asia Games 2009)
4 780
Stadium and Sports Centers
Tuen Mun
ASD – Joint-User Complex & Wholesales Fish Market at Area 44
1 440
Public Markets
Tseung Kwan O
MTR – New Toilet for Temporary PTI at Tseung Kwan O South Station
Tsuen Wan
MTR – Upgrade Drainage System for Recreation and Office Building at Tsuen Wan Depot
Tuen Mun
MTR – Tuen Mun Workshop Roof Water Drain Improvement and Roof Repair
Chep Lap Kok
Cathay Pacific Cargo Terminal at Hong Kong International Airport
53 607
Airports
TangCity Mall, Tangerang
15 825
Commercial Buildings and Offices
HONG-KONG
120
Railway/Metro Stations
1 450
Railway/Metro Stations
540
Railway/Metro Stations
INDONESIA Jakarta TAÏWAN Tainan
Far East Department Store Commercial Building
1 873
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Taichung
Dung Shan Middle School
1 700
Schools and Universities
Kaohsiung
Kaohsiung Carrefour Shopping Mall
7 910
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Taichung
Jing Yi University
1 850
Schools and Universities
Taichung
Yung Chung Elementary School
1 280
Schools and Universities
Taichung
Toung Hai University
2 208
Schools and Universities
Taichung
AVT Apartments
1 660
Resdiential Buildings
Hsinchu
Tax Office Building
946
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Taichung
Hwa Yang Building
2 567
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Taipei
Shulin Carrefour Shopping Centre
5 795
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Taichung
Court Building
1 000
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Hsinchu
Land Bank Building
800
Commercial Buildings and Offices
Nan Tou
Pu Tai Elementary School – Gymnastics Building
5 160
Schools and Universities
Hualien
Pu Lien Building
1 180
Commercial Buildings and Offices
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EPAMS®
Stimulate your networks with EPAMS® siphonic drainage systems
Global warming and climate change are the most extensively researched and discussed topical issues affecting the environment. The associated effects are the variability of rainfall and cyclonic patterns that are being observed globally. In the Asia/Pacific region, there is evidence of prominent increases in the intensity and/or frequency of rainfalls during summer monsoon, when droughts can be observed in winter. Appropriate drainage of rooftops then becomes a challenge in highly developed residential, commercial and industrial areas which, due to space constraints, see the general size of the buildings constantly increasing. Traditionally, the run-off collection from the rooftops is drained at regular points by gravity flow. The larger the roof surface, the more numerous points. Discharge downpipes are designed to flow up to a maximum of one third (literature sometimes states ½) full under the action of gravity. For large rooftops and/or high rise buildings, drainage by gravity flow is a very inefficient way to drain water since the pressure head driving the flow is only the few millimeters (≈ 100mm) of water depth in the gutter, irrespective of the height of the building. For these specific building projects, cast iron siphonic roof drainage system is the most appropriate to address intense rainfall. Due to projects thoroughly designed and executed, EPAMS® siphonic system is also the safest answer. A siphonic roof drainage system is also one of the most effective technologies offered for capturing rainwater from a building roof top to aid in implementing rainwater harvesting. Additional benefits include reduced discharge of rainwater to lakes, streams, rivers and sanitary systems, and decreased dependence on municipal water supplies. Rainwater harvesting tank
EPAMS / 1
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EPAMS® technical principles A modern technique based on a dynamic principle. Alternative method to gravity drainage system, the « siphonic » drainage system is designed so that the pipework can operate up to full bore during a rainstorm. Harnessing the principle of mechanical energy conservation between the high points – rainwater outlets – and the low point which is the main drain, siphonic systems are based on Bernoulli’s Equation or energy balance relationship. In a siphonic system the fluid has static, kinetic and potential energies that balance regardless if the individual pressure, velocity or potential energy conditions change.
Once the pipework is filled with water, the column of water in the downpipe wants to fall and the water in the horizontal collector pipe is literally sucked or siphoned and falls below atmospheric. Siphonic systems are designed to enhance flow and exclude air from the pipework. The EPAMS® siphonic system is a combination of original anti-vortex outlets preventing air entering the pipework and cast iron SMU pipe system designed to run 100 % full. The EPAMS® typical pipework consists of one or several horizontal pipes installed with no gradient, connected to a downpipe.
If it happens to rain at a rate below the design DRI (Dimensional rainfall intensity), the system simply acts like a traditional gravity system with an air-water mixture at atmospheric pressure (see explanations on siphonic regimes p12).
FOCUS Operating mechanism
In case of intense rainfall, the rainwater flows towards the outlet equipped with an anti-vortex mechanism. When the grid is half covered by rainwater -30 mmthe mechanism limits the entering of air into the pipe system and initiates negative pressure. As the speed and the water flow increase the air entering the system decreases; it creates suction of the water into the roof outlets. When no air is entering the pipework, the drainage capacity of the siphonic system is at its optimum level. At the bottom of the downpipe, the pipework is increased by generally two diameter sizes – causing decompression and reduction in the flow velocity. Before connection to the main drain the system returns to gravity flow.
Fields of use Siphonic roofwater harvesting systems utilize the potential energy of the building to create negative pressure in the pipework. Siphonic rainwater drainage system EPAMS® is ideal for: • l ow-rise buildings with a vast roof surface including airport terminals and aircraft hangers, malls, office complexes, warehouses, train stations, stadiums, convention centers and factories. • it is also very efficient for high rise buildings. We generally consider 3 m being the minimum height and 60 m2 the minimum roof surface (drained by a single downpipe) compatible with an EPAMS® siphonic system. EPAMS / 2
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Advantages The first advantage is the method itself which compared to gravity has a much better absorbing capacity. A siphonic system is thus more capable of addressing intense rainfalls, regularly observed in Asia, and preventing the roof overloading. Once the system is fully primed, there is an abrupt increase of velocity within the pipes and they flow full bore under negative pressure. Because the system flows under pressure, the majority of the pipework can be horizontal rather than vertical. So, compared to gravity systems, siphonic velocity allows : • smaller pipe sections • long horizontal runs without gradient which can be installed very close to the roof or ceiling and reduced need for vertical pipework.
It was estimated that for the simple case of an outlet with a given diameter of vertical downpipe, a siphonic system would have approximately up to six or eight times the flowrate capacity of a conventional gravity system. All these features mean full use of internal space and aesthetics being preserved in architectural projects. Siphonic system EPAMSÂŽ is also made to accommodate site drainage limitations. The harvested run-off can easily be drained to a specific location favoring water management, storage, treatment and beneficial reuse. The global cost of a syphonic drainage system and a gravity flow are differently apportioned but siphonic systems result in a significant reduction in lengths (esp below ground pipes) and material. EPAMS / 3
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EPAMS® technical principles Rooftop drainage in total safety In case of intense rainfall, safety rests with quick and efficient drainage. The safety of EPAMS® siphonic systems leans on three cornerstones : • Accuracy of the design study and project follow-up, including trade coordination and installation in full compliance with the study. • Products design: suitable siphonic outlets plus pipes and brackets able to withstand negative pressure and dynamic loading from siphonic flow. • Clear guidance for maintenance requirements.
Design accuracy A siphonic roof drainage system is truly an « engineered system » which must be designed with careful and expert analysis. The pipework design is the key factor for performance and operational safety.
The system must always be properly balanced and the flow velocity controlled. To protect the lifespan of the EPAMS® siphonic systems, the SAINT-GOBAIN PAM design sets that the dynamic pressure within the system should never exceed 5 bar. Trained people specifically in charge will handle your siphonic project till the acceptance of work; each change in the plans results in the need of a new study. Before the acceptance of work, SAINT-GOBAIN PAM or a delegated third party checks on site that the installation fully meets the last study isometries; any modification on an EPAMS® pipework route at installation stage needs further approval from PAM.
SAINT-GOBAIN PAM salesmen, trained to the EPAMS® system first evaluate your roof drainage project. When feasibility is confirmed, a technical team, designs both technical study and network sizing using the dedicated EPAMS® Software.
This thorough management of the EPAMS® projects - feasibility study, project follow-up and control after installation completion – is carried out to ensure the EPAMS® system efficiency and provides the project manager with total peace of mind.
Products design Siphonic systems are sometimes considered to involve potential risks of claims and losses. Specific care has been brought to the design of the EPAMS® outlets to enhance their absorbing capacity up to 8l/min/m2 * which corresponds to a rainfall amount of 480 mm/h. The extended surface of an EPAMS® outlet represent 700 cm2 which can be compared to a DN300 gravity flow outlet and then means no more risk! EPAMS® outlets are 100% metal to provide mechanical strength and durability. There is no risk of damage during insulation and waterproofing works on rooftops.
They fully comply with EN 1253 for flow capacity, watertightness, solidity, mechanical strength, resistance to heat and climatic stresses (resistance to Ultra Violet…) where most of the competitors’ are only tested on flow rates. EPAMS® grid and the anti-vortex device are made in one piece which allows quick removal with no risk of error at reassembling and ensures easy intervention and maintenance. EPAMS® being an all metal system is stable and serviceable in total safety, over a long period of time.
* Maximum value, specific for the Asian area
EPAMS / 4
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Maintenance Many specifiers are concerned that siphonic roof drainage systems need much higher levels of maintenance, but all roof drainage systems need adequate maintenance including gravity. Gutters should be inspected and cleaned when appropriate twice a year and even more frequently where specific clogging risks exist (trees and airborne debris). For EPAMS® systems, all necessary recommendations and information are described in the Technical Assessment*: biannual maintenance is highly required. In a building project a clogged outlet could under certain conditions affect the system balance and cause damage. The maintenance rate is fully detailed in the Maintenance Manual supplied with the study at submission stage for approval. Specific labels are applied on the system to remind that any modification on an EPAMS® pipework route requires approval from PAM. In practice, due to the outlet design and the traditional ranges, maintenance on siphonic EPAMS® systems requires no special skills, nor specific tools.
All these factors ensure efficient maintenance and prevent potential malfunction over time.
EPAMS®: rely on the outstanding properties of the PAM cast iron systems Cast iron properties – mechanical strength and stability, thermal expansion coefficient, resistance to negative pressure, acoustic properties, resistance to fire and outstanding service life– make the EPAMS® system the best choice to design a safe and reliable siphonic system. The installation of the EPAMS® system is generally performed by installers trained with our products. The traditional assembly as work progresses is perfectly aligned with the reality and constraints of the job site, so that 100% of the expected performances are effectively achieved. SAINT-GOBAIN PAM being liable for dimensioning studies they carry out, installation is thoroughly checked and technical compliance validated after inspection is completed. EPAMS® siphonic systems have proven to be a reliable and totally safe solution over time. Specific design and procedures allowed that no claim has been registered against an EPAMS® system for the past 20 years it has been installed on projects worlwide. *The EPAMS® siphonic system is run by a Technical Assessment (5+14/14-2386), and undergoes precise controls.
EPAMS / 5
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EPAMS® technical features Hydrodynamic forces in the design of thrust blocks Traditional gravity flow systems generally operate without pressure; the anchoring strategy takes into account end thrust forces liable to occur from overloading risks and considers static fluids. The siphonic principle is fully dependent on flow velocity. This water in motion produces forces whenever velocity or flow direction change. The forces produced are called hydrodynamic forces.
must be anchored or restrained where necessary to ensure pipework stability. The anchoring is essentially made with the installation of grip collars over clamped on the usual couplings or with self-anchored high pressure joints like GRIP HP couplings. These devices, types and locations, are specified in the technical study and design and include a safety margin.
In a siphonic pipework, changes in flow regime or direction can cause unbalanced hydrodynamic forces. Like unbalanced hydrostatic forces, hydrodynamic forces are called thrust forces liable to drive to joint dislocation. In EPAMS® siphonic drainage systems design, the range of fluid velocity is limited to 6 to 8 l/s. As such, the resulting unbalanced hydrodynamic forces induced are around ten times lower when compared with unbalanced hydrostatic forces. If the couplings ensure watertightness, the jointing areas have to be secured to counteract these forces and the EPAMS® siphonic system
Formulas
F1
Thrust effect due to hydrostatic pressure*:
F2 Thrust effect due to dynamic pressure:
Tightening torque for grip collars and GRIP HP couplings PAM grip collar is so designed that it is normally not necessary to check the torque: the assembly is completed when the edges of the plates are tightened to fullest extent. For high pressure GRIP HP couplings, the torque needs being checked. For both types of couplings, if using a powered tool, this torque can be programmed to the minimum torque requirement. (see opposite)
* at a change of direction under alpha angle.
PAM grip collars DN
Torque
50-125
20 N.m
150-300
30 N.m
DN
GRIP HP-S Torque
GRIP HP-Inox Torque
100
20 N.m
20 N.m
125
20 N.m
20 N.m
150
30 N.m
30 N.m
200
50 N.m
30 N.m
250
65 N.m
50 N.m
300
80 N.m
80 N.m
400
80 N.m
90 N.m
500
80 N.m
90 N.m
600
120 N.m
80 N.m
EPAMS / 6
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Address end thrust forces : the specific case of watertightness test To assess the EPAMS® pipework watertightness, it may happen that a watertightness test is carried out. In this specific case, the anchoring rules and thrust blocks calculations are the ones used for a pipework liable to undergo thrust forces due to unbalanced hydrostatic forces.
Couplings alone
Grip collars on couplings
Anchoring rules to address hydrostatic pressure Straight runs of the pipework In case of accidental overloading, straight runs between two fixed points do not experience exceptional forces, grip collars are then not necessary.
Stack support pipes
The couplings will only have to address hydrostatic pressure. They generally withstand: • 5 bars for couplings like PAM Rapid S from DN 50 to 200 • 3 bars for the same couplings for DN 250 and 300
Changes of direction and specific elements End thrust forces can exert in changes of direction, gradient and specific components like branches and plugs for example. In these areas, the forces have to be addressed to avoid any risk of disconnection or slippage of the pipe system: • isolating the section subjected to thrust forces between two fixed points, like stack support pipes i.e and •a dapting the joints (selection of couplings + over clamped grip collars) between these fixed points.
End thrust force calculation:
Couplings and grip collars can be used as well as GRIP HP couplings provided that their performance is compatible with the forces entailed. Remark: under end thrust forces, where a coupling is secured with a grip collar, the maximum performance of both is limited by the weakest performance of the two products. Depending on the forces and site constraints, other restraints to address the forces might have to be installed on the pipework route: concrete thrust blocks or mechanically welded devices can be used alternatively to self-anchored joints. Their resistance and shapes will be designed so that the forces entailed are adequately counteracted. They will also be designed according to their location in the building walls, ceilings beams etc… and shall comply with the relative Codes of Practice.
For deviation with angle α: Thrust force = 2 x Pressure (in bar) x Section (in cm²) x sin(α/2) i.e. At 10 bars, a 88° bend DN150 (diameter 15.2 cm) will undergo the following thrust force: 2 x 10 bars x 7.6cm x 7.6cm x π x sin (88°/2) = 2 521 daN End thrust force (daN) DN S (mm2)
Angle of bend α 22° 45° 88°
50
2 043
7.8
15.6
28.4
75
4 536
17.3
34.7
63.0
100
8 332
31.8
63.8
115.8
125
12 668
48.3
97.0
176.0
150
18 146
69.2
138.9
252.1
200
31 416
119.9
240.4
436.5
250
54 325
207.3
415.8
754.7
300
77 437
295.5
592.7 1 075.8
400
135 526
517.2 1 037.3 1 882.9
The opposite table gives the details of end thrust forces to consider for 10 m of head water column (1 bar pressure) for the PAM cast Iron bends most commonly found in each diameter Plugs are prohibited on an EPAMS® pipework and as access door pipes are designed to withstand a hydrostatic pressure according to their diameter, no special care is to consider on pipe terminations subjected to overloading. Thrust blocks or restraints shall be calculated to resist thrust forces calculated with the above values multiplied by the pressure (in bar) to consider. These values shall be increased by a 50% safety margin (multiplying coefficient of 1.5) to avoid support bending or deformations. For intricate bearing structures or very important thrust forces, the multiplying coefficient will be 2. EPAMS / 7
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EPAMS® design features Focus on areas subjected to dislocation forces Like previously stated, on EPAMS® siphonic system, the unbalanced hydrodynamic forces will arise in changes of directions and specific locations where changes in the flow regime occur. Grips collars are specified on couplings where they shall withstand dislocation forces. Grip collars like any bracketing device or fix points are used to restrain the pipework and ensure its stability. Note: if the pipework was to be tested in watertightness all the couplings should be gripped and the end thrust forces suitably addressed (see details on p7).
To avoid overloadings, it is compulsory that siphonic drainage systems are discharged at atmospheric pressure into the main sewer drain. At stack ends, the bottom pipe increases in diameter –generally two extra diameters – causing decompression and reducing the flow velocity.
The decompression zone is subject to high turbulences, and subsequently, every component at the bottom of the stack, before the change in flow regime, shall be gripped and the forces from the pipes weight addressed through stack support pipes. Seeking balance of potential energy and head losses on the pipework can call for reduction of the nominal diameters to increase head losses. Tapered pipe reducer Short access pipe Stack support pipe
Horizontal pipe connected to the outlet
Tapered pipe reducer
All the gripped components are specified in the isometries of the design study.
when expected pressure is > 0.5 bar or < - 0.5 bar. Gravity bend
By regulation, the reduction of nominal diameter (DN) of discharge pipes is prohibited in the direction of flow, except for siphonic systems like EPAMS® (EN 12056-3 §7.6.5) where it can be useful to control the pressure level. Increase and reduction of nominal diameters are made with the tapered pipe reducer.
Head of the stack: the negative pressure will be at its highest at the head of the stack (down to - 0.9 bar); the couplings will therefore be systematically installed with grip collars Change of direction: in changes of direction
on stacks and low collectors, the couplings will be gripped. Where a change of direction will be added or removed, SAINT-GOBAIN PAM will carry out a new study taking the new head loss into account.
On horizontal runs, the pipe reducer will be installed so that the pipe invert is continuous.
EPAMS / 8
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Specific points on the network An EPAMS® pipework consists of one or several horizontal pipes without fall connected to a downpipe: horizontal runs and stacks are made of ENSIGN- SMU S cast iron components. The joints are made with PAM Rapid couplings or other couplings of the PAM range able to withstand a negative pressure of 900 mbar.
Connections of the roof outlets to the pipe system: Depending on the jobsite constraints, the connection can be made flat or vertical. DN 50 Roof outlet
DN 50 Roof outlet
Minimum dimension flat branching
Minimum dimension vertical branching
Decompression zone This area where the siphonic system returns to gravity flow regime can be designed vertically or horizontally, in both cases, the air reserve shall be sufficient to break the flow speed. In the case of vertical decompression the zone shall be a minimum of 50 cm and in the case of horizontal decompression the minimum distance requirement will be 3m.
Case n°1: Vertical decompression zone in the last metre of the stack.
Case n°2: Decompression zone directly connected to a manhole.
If the manhole is connected close to the stack, the short access pipe is optional. The potential important discharge rates shall be taken into account for the manhole sizing.
Tapered pipe reducer Short access spipe Stack support pipe Tapered pipe reducer Gravity bend
Case n°3: Horizontal decompression zone.
This solution must be considered before the design study.
Pipe support
Stack support pipes are installed at the bottom of stacks to address forces due to changes in the flow regimes. Every 15 metres, is the general requirement.
Stack support pipe
Short access spipe Stack support pipe
Manhole cover
Tapered pipe reducer Tapered pipe reducer
Sewer main
Gravity drain
EPAMS / 9
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EPAMSÂŽ design features Pipeworks stability Stack support pipe for open slab penetrations A pipework is subjected to different forces liable to affect its stability. Stack supports are cast iron components designed to address these efforts when a stack is installed through open slab penetrations. On straight runs, stack support pipes should be installed to address the pipes weight. At the bottom of the stack, the stack support pipe addresses both pipes weight and end thrust effort. For the last case, it is recommended that the support and fixings should be adapted accordingly. We recommend to position the first stack support pipe at the base of the first floor, and then every subsequent fifth floor, in case of a standard average 2.5 m between floors, or more generally every 15 m. In case of closed slab penetrations, no stack support pipe is required.
Stack support pipe with acoustic insulation The support bracket covered with rubber gasket prevents the structure- borne noise from the drainage network from radiating at the slab level.
Rubber gasket
Stack support pipe installed vertically
Stack support pipe installed horizontally
Either on cantilever arms or stack support consoles for DN 100.
Wall bracketing system in mild steel, for use with stack support pipes and brackets, is available.
EPAMS / 10
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Bracketing features The bracketing system is used to affix the pipework to the building structure.
Since EPAMS® systems are designed to operate up to full bore, the bracketing design values will always consider full pipes.
For cast iron, the bracketing system is designed to carry the weight of the pipe only and its content, which makes the specifiers’ design work easier.
To prevent dislocation, the bracketing system shall be compatible with the loads to be addressed and selected to restrain pipework movement due to flow speed.
Pipe weight in kg per metre. DN
50
75
100
125
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
Pipe weight (kg/m)
6
11
16
24
31
54
82
113
185
278
390
Note: The technical specifications for threaded rods and metal brackets shall be established on this basis
Bracketing requirements for EPAMS® siphonic roof drainage system
Number of brackets
Because of flow speed, two brackets per pipe length shall be installed for horizontal or vertical pipework. It is also recommended to use one bracket per length or fitting (when the shape allows it, i.e branches…).
Vertical run
For the EPAMS® siphonic system, only round full and rubber lined brackets shall be used.
Horizontal run
For brackets affixed to plain threaded rods, the distance between the bearing structure (concrete slab, steel frame, etc.) and the axis of the pipe shall not exceed 500 mm. If this maximum distance could not be respected, the rigidity of the fixings should be increased (triangulation… steel knee brace).
Pipes Fittings*
2 1
Pipe length > 2 m
2
Pipe length < 2 m Fittings*
1 1
Consult local requirements for compliance. * When the shape of the fitting permits
Support for horizontal pipework
Support for vertical pipework
For siphonic pipework, the requirement for horizontal runs is two load bearing brackets per pipe. For an indication, they should be installed at 0.75 m from each spigot so that, ideally, the distance between two brackets should be 1.5m.
For EPAMS® stacks, the brackets aim at preventing the pipework to fall over but also at preventing dislocation due to flow speed. The requirement is that two brackets be fitted for each floor level. Ideally the brackets should be installed one third from the upper spigot, and one third from the lower spigot.
Due to flow velocity specific to the design for siphonic system, no gradient is required.
=
= 1,5 m mini
EPAMS / 11
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EPAMSÂŽ special features Maintenance general features Keeping the roof outlets clean is key in the good working order of an EPAMS siphonic system. The Technical Assessment recommends they should be cleaned minimum twice a year.
Be sure the leafguard grid is in place Clean the leafguard grid
Any element like plant matters (leaves, twigs...) or debris from the surrounding can end up on rooftops and must be regularly cleared away to prevent clogging in the pipework or of the EPAMS outlets.
Remove the nut caps
Maintenance cleaning frequency will highly depend on the building environment. For buildings surrounded by trees and gardens inspections shall be more frequently done and the maintenance rate shall also be higher than the standard twice a year requirement.
Unscrew the nuts and lift the leafguard grid to remove it.
For all types of roof outlets the cleaning process has to be carried out as displayed opposite.
Special cases Welded roof outlets Clean the inside of the roof outlet bowl.
Visual inspection of the welds. Reprocess where necessary. Outlets for membrane waterproofed roofs Inspection of the area where the waterproofing sheet or membrane and the roof outlet connects. Reprocess where necessary. Where roofing elements have been subjected to extreme weather conditions (high winds, storms, etc.), an inspection of the roof outlets is advisable to check products integrity.
Make sure that debris are not allowed to get into the EPAMS pipework during cleaning operations Refit the anti-vortex / leafguard device according to the reverse procedure.
Explanations on siphonic regimes 1. No rain 2. R ainfall starts at low intensityâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; Drainage is made by gravity flow 3. C ontinuous flow is obtained acc. to the rainfall intensity and roof area drained 4. R ainfall intensity increases to the maximum DRI â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Flow continues by gravity until the maximum value is reached 5. N o more air entering the system â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kinetic and pressure energies enhance quickly the absorbing capacity to the maximum design flow rate 6. R ainfall intensity stabilizes to max value => absorbing siphonic flow rate is maintained 7. R ainfall intensity decreases â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Flow comes back to gravity regime 8. Rainfall intensity stabilizes to low value => absorbing gravity flow rate is maintained 9. N o more rain â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the rooftop surface is emptying
Outlet Flowrate (l/s)
Rainfall intensity (l/min.m2) Imax = DRI
Q
Siphonic by design
Q
Max gravitary
Q
I<max gravity
Gravitary
Gravity flow
Siphonic flow
Gravity flow
Time (s)
EPAMS / 12
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EPAMS® 100% metal outlets Square plate 500 x 500
French Technical Assessment CSTB (5+14/14-2386) for Roof Outlets
Ø 340
70
The EPAMS® system is a combination of SMU / ENSIGN cast iron pipes, fittings and accessories, jointed with SMU Rapid 2® stainless steel couplings. The EPAMS® outlets are made of 3 different parts: •T he Anti-Vortex mechanism, aluminium grating. Bolted on the bowl is the same for all the outlets. • An identical stainless steel bowl for all the outlets, on which different components can be assembled depending on the field of use.
width 0,4
14,5 40 Ø 192
Anti-vortex mechanism Cast aluminium 400
Bowl Stainless steel Tail Stainless steel
stainless steel tail available •A in four DN: 50 – 75 – 100 – 125.
Installation The EPAMS® outlets are easy to install. The installation has to be done in accordance to the good practice and the Technical Assessment requirements. SAINT GOBAIN PAM EPAMS® all metal outlets full guarantee mechanical strength and durability. They totally comply with EN 1253 on every specific point: flow capacity, watertightness, solidity, mechanical strength, heat resistance and climatic stresses (resistance to Ultra Violet…) The grating and the anti-vortex mechanism are made in one piece. This allows quick removal with no risk of mistake at reassembling, easy intervention and maintenance.
EPAMS / 13
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EPAMS® syphonic roof outlets range EPAMS® outlets to be welded - Stainless steel body, including M10 bolts - Aluminium grating
DE
Weight
Capacity
mm
kg
l/s
50
Product code 171283
58
5.4
13
Surface drainage m2 260
75
171284
83
5.7
23
460
100
171285
110
6.4
26
520
125*
172850
135
8.3
26*
520
DN
This outlet is the basis for the three next outlets, on which are grafted various elements depending on the application field See previous pages for main dimensions
EPAMS® outlets with flange - Stainless steel body, including M10 bolts - Aluminium grating - Aluminium flange
DE
Weight
Capacity
mm
kg
l/s
50
Product code 171288
58
6.2
13
Surface drainage m2 260
75
171289
83
6.5
23
460
100
171290
110
7.2
26
520
100**
206377
110
7.2
26
520
125*
172871
135
9.1
26*
520
125**
211377
135
9.1
26*
520
DN
* The advantage of the DN 125 outlet is in the “gutters” application where the water cover height can exceed the 55 mm figure (see French Technical Assessment 5+14/14-2386) ** Supplied in stainless steel 316
Elevating kits for the anti vortex mechanism Description
Dimension mm
Product code
Elevating device + anti vortex
90
171291
Elevating device + anti vortex
250
171292
Anti-Vortex device fitted to Elevating Kit.
250 mm
For roof with waterproofing protection by fine gravel or by flags on isolating layer by fine gravel.
90 mm EPAMS / 14
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EPAMS® outlets with steel plate - Stainless steel body, including M10 bolts - Aluminium grating - Stainless steel plate - 500 x 500 mm
DE
Weight
Capacity
mm
kg
l/s
50
Product code 171081
58
6.4
13
Surface drainage m2 260
75
171267
83
6.7
23
460
100
171305
110
7.4
26
520
125
172874
135
9.3
26*
520
DN
* The advantage of the DN 125 outlet is in the « gutters » application
EPAMS® outlets for flexible PVC membranes - Stainless steel body, including M10 bolts - Aluminium grating - Laminate-steel PVC plate - 500 x 500 mm
DE
Weight
Capacity
mm
kg
l/s
50
Product code 171286
58
6.8
13
Surface drainage m2 260
75
171287
83
7.1
23
460
100
171263
110
7.7
26
520
125
172876
135
9.6
26*
520
DN
* The advantage of the DN 125 outlet is in the « gutters » application
Anchoring steel plate for EPAMS® outlet with flange Description
Product code
Anchoring steel plate
172431
EPAMS / 15
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EPAMS® outlets : application fields EPAMS® syphonic roof outlets range EPAMS® outlet to be welded Application field: This roof outlet is especially designed to be welded (or brazed) in gutters or in metal roof valleys
EPAMS® outlet with flange Application field: This roof outlet can be used for roofs containing extra-thick metal gutters or valleys as well as for roofs waterproofed by synthetic or bituminous membranes
EPAMS® outlet with steel plate
Technical: The plate is fixed to the roof outlet body in the factory by bonding then tightening with 6 nuts on the 6 bolts. This assembly can never be disassembled. The stainless steel plate is tinned on the two faces. Plate size 500 x 500mm with a thickness of 0.4mm. Application field: This roof outlet is used on all the roofs mentioned in the field of application of the French Technical Assessment 5+14/14-2386, except for those with waterproofing by synthetic membrane
EPAMS® outlet for flexible PVC membrane Technical: The plate is fixed to the roof inlet body in the factory by bonding then tightening with 6 nuts on the 6 bolts. This assembly can never be disassembled. The dimensions of the steel-PVC laminated plate are 500 x 500mm with a total thickness of 1.8mm. It consists of a galvanised steel sheet, thickness 0.62mm, covered in the factory on one face by a PVC membrane (from SIKA-SARNAFIL). The steel part contains 4-drilled holes for possible fixing to the roof. This plate is compatible with PVC-P membranes. Application field: This roof outlet is used on non-accessible roofs and/or with equipment zones, and waterproofed by synthetic PVC-P membranes according to the manufacturer Technical Assessment. Waterproofing is provided by a weld between the various PVC elements to seal it in a traditional way. The membrane may be visible or may be given heavy mineral protection. For this latter case, it is possible to use gravel > 15mm but in this case the roof outlet is to be fitted with an elevating kit for the anti vortex mechanism (see page 14).
EPAMS / 16
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EPAMS® projects in France
Projet
Types of buildings
Surface (sm)
Date
NOUVEAU STADE DE LILLE (ETUDE 3)
Stadium ; sport arenas
66 452
06/08/2010
CENTRE COMMERCIAL AÉROVILLE
Shopping malls
47 242
24/08/2012
SATELLITE S4 CORPS CENTRAL
Airports
19 017
19/03/2010
RETAIL PARK
Logistic buildings
15 517
16/08/2011
SFR - BAT 1&2 - TRANCHE 1
Commercial buildings
14 917
01/03/2013
SATELLITE S4 AILE SUD
Airports
13 368
01/04/2010
SATELLITE S4 AILE NORD
Airports
10 730
23/02/2010
PLATEFORME LOGISTIQUE APHM
Logistic buildings
10 365
24/11/2011
DÉCATHLON OXYLANE LESQUIN
Commercial buildings
8 176
22/03/2011
STADE DE NANTES
Stadium ; sport arenas
7 820
05/07/2012
HALL D'ATHLÉTISME
Stadium ; sport arenas
7 774
07/07/2011
DUPONT MÉDICAL FROUARD
Commercial buildings
7 237
14/10/2011
STADE ARMAND CESARI
Stadium ; sport arenas
4 860
18/01/2011
PISCINE DE KIBITZENAU
Stadium ; sport arenas
4 657
18/04/2013
DÉCATHLON OXYLANE CALAIS
Commercial buildings
4 446
20/06/2011
LIAISON AC
Airports
4 010
09/11/2010
ILOT B CŒUR BASTIDE
Commercial buildings
3 876
16/11/2010
CENTRE DE FORMATION DE CAEN
Education buildings
3 702
12/09/2013
STADE DE LA ROCHELLE
Stadium ; sport arenas
3 498
28/01/2010
GALLOO PLASTICS
Recycling facilities
3 360
05/06/2012
POLE LOGISTIQUE BOURG EN BRESSE
Logistic buildings
3 068
12/07/2011
TENNIS LILLE
Stadium ; sport arenas
2 452
20/03/2014
Visit us on saint-gobain-pam-cast-iron.com
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SAINT-GOBAIN PAM Soil & Drain Business Unit Head Office & Marketing Department 91, avenue de la Libération 54076 Nancy Cedex - France Tel: +33 (0)3 83 95 20 00 Fax : +33 (0)3 83 95 29 51
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- 11/2014 I EPAMS Asia I BAT-CAT - 71 A I 2 000 ex
www.pam-cast-iron.com
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