WAK9: Dania na rowerach - planowanie infrastruktury rowerowej i rola państwa, Zofia JAGIELSKA

Denmark keeps pedaling Cycle Planning in Denmark and the role of the state Zofia Jagielska, Danish Road Directorate, WAK9 Warszawa 16. october 2014

Denmark Inhabitants: 5,6 mio.

Total area: 45 895 km² Population density: 130 inh. per km² Coastline: 7314 km Amount of islands: 391 Capital: Copenhagen Climate: mild, windy and rainy Topography: rather flat Municipalities: 98

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Promoting cycling makes sense Cycling plays a vital role in the solution to a wide range of complex problems (especially in bigger cities), all over the world, such as air pollution, CO2-emission, climate change, congestion, poor quality of urban space, lack of space, health issues (obesity), noise, immobility and traffic accidents.

For municipalities due to: o Less congestion o Better environment o Urban life o Cheap and visible effects o Projects can be implemented in one election period 6.

For the individual: Cycling is a healthy, energy saving, safe, ecofriendly, affordable and quiet mode of transport. However the main reason for choosing the bicycle is “saving time and convenience “ for the individual when asked in surveys For national governments due to: o Less congestion o Better environment o Improved health o Socioeconomic benefits o Mobility

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For landscape architects too!!

Improved urban spaces and better urban life “Social activities include all types of communication between people in city space and require presence of other people. [Gehl 2010, p. 22] (‌) Studies from cities all over the world illuminate the importance of activity as an urban attraction. People gather where things are happening and spontaneously seek the presence of other people.[Gehl 2010, p. 25] The natural starting point for designing cities for people is human mobility and the human senses [Gehl 2010, p. 33] (...) Bicyclists represent a different and somewhat rapid form of foot traffic, but in terms of sensory experiences, life and movement, they are part of the rest of city life [Gehl 2010, p. 182].â€?

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Cycle infrastructure in Denmark 9

Modal split and cycle data

4 % of passenger transport 3,1 mio.km.

16 % of all trips are done by bicycle 24 % of commuter trips are done bicycle 31 % of rail trips are combined with cycling

Cycling and traffic safety

woman

Age and gender

men

12 Tilføj præsentationens titel i "Indsæt/ Sidehoved og Sidefod"

Level of urbanization and cycling 3,5

3,0

2,5

2,0

1,5

1,0

0,5

0,0

Cycled kilometers per weekday per person

Challenges Level of cycling decreases outside the bigger cities Levels of cycling on a national level are not increasing More and more children are driven to school, so less and less schoolchildren cycles to school

Cycle Strategy 2014 2007

A new national cycle strategy published by the ministry of transport addresses those challenges How to stop the decrease in cycling in Denmark How to promote cycling A lot of different actors has been contributing to the strategy (municipalities, NGO’s, Road Directorate and many more) Proposes different initiatives on different governmental levels and cooperation

Three main themes: o

Everyday cycling

o

Active holidays and recreation

o

New and safe cyclists

The role of the municipalities / local governments National guidelines but (most of them) are not enforced by law The local governments (the municipalities) are responsible for own roads Free choice of cycling investment / focus for municipalities Most municipalities promotes cycling by building infrastructure for cyclists (e.g. bicycle lanes/tracks or by prioritizing cyclists at junctions).

As said before the level of cycling and cycle-related investment varies

Some municipalities are very innovative when it comes to promote cycling and combines hard measures with soft measures Significant effect of investment on bicycle infrastructure on municipal roads Other actors then governments are also promoting cycling, such as Danish Cycling Federation and Danish Cancer Society 17

So‌ How is the national government supporting cycling?

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The Road Directorate in Denmark The Danish Road Directorate is part of the Danish Transport Ministry

4,000 km of state-owned roads (5 %) carry around 45 % of the entire road traffic in the country The directorate promotes an integrated road and transport system

The Road Directorate and cycling o Subsidy schemes o Contributions to the National Cycle Strategy 2014

o Cycling facilities and state-owned roads o National cycle routes o National cycle conference o Cycleroad standards o Cycle statistics

Cycling and state roads o

Managing a network of bicycle lanes, crossings and eliminating missing links etc.

o

Involving municipalities, NGO´s and citizens

o

Funding by the Ministry of Transport

Subsidy schemes •

•

The Cycling Fund (2009 – 2013): •

80 mio. €/110 mio. US $ / 500 mio. ZL

•

340 projects

Supercyclehighway fund (2013): •

23 mio. €/32 mio. US $/34 mio. AUS $

•

13 Supecyclehighwayroutes

The Cycling Fund (2009 – 2013) Established in 2009 Political agreement on allocating DKK 1 billion for a cycling fund for the period 2009-2014 The goal of the Cycling Fund is to facilitate projects that can improve conditions for cyclists so that the bicycle becomes a more attractive, widepread and safe form of transport for both commuting and leisure, all over the country Municipalities, NGO’s, private companies can apply for grants from the Cycle Fund to projects promoting cycling 30 % of 1 billion goes to cycletracks/cyclelanes/crossings on roads owned by the state 70 % goes to the subsidy scheme

340 projects all over Denmark had received grants from the Cycling Fund between 20092014 The fund offers partfinancing of 40 %, with the applicants providing rest of the fund.

DKK 717 millions has been spent from the fund so far, meaning that the fund has stimulated investments of more than DKK 2 billion on cyclepromotion

Priority models Most cycle traffic for the investment Assessment involving local offices

6 Categories: o

Cycle Cities

o

Commuter cycling

o

Cycling to school and leisure

o

Recreational cycling

o

Campaigns and development

Effect on mode choice, behaviour, congestion, network cohesion, safety feeling and traffic safety, facilities, attractions, innovation, relevance, propagation and public involvement

Cycle Cities 44 projects (2009-2014) 219 mio. DKK ~ 120 PLN Variety of measures supporting cycle traffic Example: Randers Cycle city 45 % ∆ in cycle traffic

Commuter cycling 80 projects (2009-2014) 182 DKK ~ 102 PLN Cycling to and from work/higher education Example: Albertslundruten 8,8 % ∆ working week 8,766 to 9,539 (Five points) Cooperation between the Capital Region and five municipalities

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iypvb

Recreational cycling

Recreational cycling 37 projects (2009-2014) 61 mio. DKK ~ 35 mio. PLN Improving facilities for cycle tourism and recreational cycling Example: Bikebridge in Tange Lake 310 m/ 1017 feet 300 opening attendance

Cycling to school and leisure 120 projects (2009-2014) 187 mio. DKK ~ 105 PLN Improving cycle routes to schools and sports Example: Bicycle track in Vejle 48 % ∆ cycling pupils Increased feeling of safety (from 34 % to 77 %)

Campaigns and development 56 projects (2009-2014) 93 mio. DKK ~ 50 mio. PLN Promoting cycling, research and development Example: “Put Light on Ludvig” Light campaign Participation of 40.145 pupils (2/3 pupils in the 4th degree) ∆ 9.398 of pupils participating the campaign

General aspects of subsidy schemes Making projects possible More coherent, extensive and innovative projects Improved conditions for future cycling efforts Creation of networks

Supercycle Highways map Projects on state and municipality roads 13 Routes

Blue: state projects Red: subsidy projects Broken red: subsidy other scheme

Copenhagen Walking

Cardriving Cycling Public transport

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAr5sB6aivk

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Questions?

For more information: Ask me ď Š My email: zaj@vd.dk 35