THESIS ,NOIDA HABIATA CENTRE

THESIS REPORT ON NOIDA HABITAT CENTRE SECTOR 33A, NOIDA, U.P

THESIS GUIDE –AR. ABHISHEK

SUBMITTED BY- SAKSHI SRIVASTAVA

NOIDA HABITAT CENTER

A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the degree Of BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE

By SAKSHI SRIVASTAVA

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY GREATER NOIDA UTTAR PRADESH

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work that is being presented in this dissertation, entitled “REINTERPRETING CREMATORIUM AND ITS PRECINCTS” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelors of Architecture submitted to the School of Architecture of the Galgotias University Greater Noida, India, is an authentic record of my work carried out during the period December 2013 to May 2014, under the guidance of prof. ________, Associate Professor of School of Architecture, Galgotias University, Greater Noida.

The matter embodied in this has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Place: Greater Noida Date:

SAKSHI SRIVASTAVA Enrolments No. 1421101030

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the above mentioned statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Thesis Guide Ar. Associate Professor School of Architecture Galgotias University Greater Noida, U.P India

Dean SOA Prof. Atul Setia

Thesis Co-ordinator Ar. Ruchi

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The culmination of this THESIS on the “NOIDA HABITAT CENTER, NOIDA� has brought me one step closer to the completion of the Bachelors of Architecture. The dissertation has led me to the acquisition of specialized and state of the art knowledge, required for the development of my dissertation thesis, and it was also an opportunity to improve my lecture presentation performance and research skills. Therefore through this I would like to show my appreciation to everyone that made this possible: To my Supervisor, Professor, Galgotias School of Architecture, prof. ABHISHEK, who provide me invaluable guidance and assistance in the preparation of this seminar report.

I would like to express gratitude to my friends and my parents for their constant encouragement and support throughout this B.Arch. program.

Finally but not least, I want to express my gratitude to all the Professor and nonteaching staff of the School, who has made possible my training as an Architect.

Place: Greater Noida Date:

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TABLE OF CONTENT

SYNOPSIS .............................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................................ 9 SITE- ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Aim- ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................................. 11 SCOPE- ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................... 12 ABOUT PROJECT .................................................................................................................................. 13 SPACE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 14 ABOUT CONVENTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 16 Public movement pattern for convention centres: ..................................................................................... 17 LITERATURE STUDY ............................................................................................................................. 18 THE AUDITORIUM........................................................................................................................................ 19 AUDITORIUM DESIGN:............................................................................................................................. 21 SIGHTLINES FOR A SEATED AUDIENCE: ................................................................................................... 23 OFFICE ................................................................................................................................................ 24 OFFICE ......................................................................................................................................................... 25 EXHIBITION HALL ......................................................................................................................................... 27 RESTAURANTS ............................................................................................................................................. 28 Fire safety norms by the National Building Code of India ........................................................................... 30 Elevators: ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 RAMPS: ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 PARKING: ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 CASE STUDIES...................................................................................................................................... 34 INDIA HABITAT CENTRE ............................................................................................................................... 35 Building Program ..................................................................................................................................... 36 RESPONSE TO SITE ................................................................................................................................... 37 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION ......................................................................................................................... 38 SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES ..................................................................................................................... 39 INFRENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 40 INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE .................................................................................................................. 41 LOCATION ................................................................................................................................................ 41 CONCEPT ................................................................................................................................................. 42 Main Centre ........................................................................................................................................ 42 THESIS 2018-19

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Page 5 IIC Annex .................................................................................................................................................. 43 SERVICES................................................................................................................................................... 44 Private Dining Hall (main Building,Its Floor): ................................................................................................ 44 Terrace Pergola:(MainBuilding, IInd Floor): ................................................................................................ 44 Rose Garden: ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Lounge Terrace (Annex): ........................................................................................................................ 44 Annex Court: ........................................................................................................................................ 44 INFRENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 45 VIGYAN BHAVAN ......................................................................................................................................... 46 Form and architecture:............................................................................................................................ 47 Planning of the complex .......................................................................................................................... 48 Site zoning and access to Vigyan Bhavan ................................................................................................ 48 Inferences: ............................................................................................................................................... 54 CASE STUDY MATRIX ................................................................................................................................... 55 AREA STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................... 56 SITE CALCULATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 57 PARKING CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 57 AREA CALCULATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 58 SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 62 PROGRAME ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 63 SITE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................................. 65 SURROUNDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 66 SITE MAP ................................................................................................................................................. 67 EDGE ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................................ 69 TOPOGRAPHY: ......................................................................................................................................... 70 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................................................. 71 OPERABLE NORMS .................................................................................................................................. 72 FAÇADE TREATMENT ............................................................................................................................... 73 TERRACE GARDEN ................................................................................................................................... 73 EFFICIENT USE OF DAY LIGHT .................................................................................................................. 74 MATERIALS .............................................................................................................................................. 74 INTER-CONNECTING BRIDGE ................................................................................................................... 75 CONCEPT ..................................................................................................................................................... 77 Analysis and conclusions: ........................................................................................................................ 78 Building form: .......................................................................................................................................... 79 Shaded envelopes: .................................................................................................................................. 80 BUBBLE DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................................... 81 SITE ZONING ................................................................................................................................................ 82 THESIS 2018-19

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Page 6 BIBLOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................. 83

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 noida authority map .......................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2 CONVENTION CENTRE ....................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 3 ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 5 ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 6 LINE OF SIGHT.................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 7 SEATING ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 8 ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 9 SEATING 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 10 SEATING WITH WRITING SPACE ...................................................................................................... 22 Figure 12 STRAIGHT SEATINGS ........................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 11 STRAIGHT AND ANGLED SEATINGS ................................................................................................. 22 Figure 13 .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 14 CURVED SEATINGS........................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 15 STEPPED SEATINGS .......................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 16 CURVED AND ANGLED ..................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 17 THREE ROW LAYOUT ....................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 18 ONE ROW LAYOUT........................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 19 DOUBLE ROW LAYOUT .................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 20 CENTER CORE .................................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 21 WITH CORRIDORS ............................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 22 SEAT SPACING.................................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 23 TYPE OF SEATINGS RESTAURANT .................................................................................................... 29 Figure 24 MOVEMENT SPACE IN RESTAURANT .............................................................................................. 29 Figure 25 LIFT PLAN AND SECTION .................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 26 SATELITE VIEW IHC .......................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 27 SPACE FRAME AT IHC ...................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 28 GREEN AREA ,IHC............................................................................................................................. 36 Figure 29 LUSH GREEN AND WATER AT IHC.................................................................................................... 36 Figure 30 GROUND FLOOR PLAN, IHC ........................................................................................................... 37 Figure 31 CIRCULATION PATTERN ,IHC ........................................................................................................... 38 Figure 32 CONNECTIVITY ................................................................................................................................. 39 Figure 33 BRIDGE CONNECTIVITY .................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 34 SECTION ,IHC ................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 35 VIEW, IIC .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 36 SITE PLAN, IIC................................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 37 VIEW ,IIC .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 38 PLANNING ,IIC.................................................................................................................................. 43 Figure 39 .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 40 .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 41 .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 42 .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 43 VIGYAN BHAVAN ,NEW DELHI ......................................................................................................... 46

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Page 7 Figure 44 LOCATION OF VIGYAN BHAVAN ...................................................................................................... 47 Figure 45 INTERAL VIEW.................................................................................................................................. 47 Figure 46 BUILDINGS, VIGYAN BHAVAN.......................................................................................................... 48 Figure 47 AUDITORIUM PLAN, VIGYAN BHAVAN ............................................................................................ 49 Figure 48 VIEWS .............................................................................................................................................. 50 Figure 49 VIEWS .............................................................................................................................................. 50 Figure 50 VIEWS, VIGYAN BHAVAN ................................................................................................................. 51 Figure 51 PLANNING........................................................................................................................................ 52 Figure 52 .......................................................................................................................................................... 52 Figure 53 PLAN ................................................................................................................................................ 53 Figure 54 DISTIBUTION OF FACALITIES............................................................................................................ 63 Figure 55 DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO PUBLICNESS................................................................................... 64 Figure 56 SITE PLAN, NOIDA ............................................................................................................................ 65 Figure 57 LOCATION AND SURROUNDING ...................................................................................................... 66 Figure 58 CONNECTIVITY TO SITE .................................................................................................................... 68 Figure 59 SURROUNDINDS .............................................................................................................................. 69 Figure 60 SURROUNDINGS .............................................................................................................................. 69 Figure 61 SURROUNDING GREEN AREAS ........................................................................................................ 70 Figure 62 NO VEGETATION ON SITE ................................................................................................................ 70 Figure 63 SURROUNDINDS .............................................................................................................................. 70 Figure 64 SITE SHOWING FLANT LAND............................................................................................................ 70 Figure 65 SUN PATH DIAGRAM OF NOIDA ...................................................................................................... 71 Figure 66 PRECIPETATION IN NOIDA ............................................................................................................... 71 Figure 67 NORMS ,NOIDA AUTHORITY............................................................................................................ 72 Figure 68 REDUCTION OF HEAT GAIN BY JALI ................................................................................................. 73 Figure 69 HEAT GAIN THROUGH WINDOWS ................................................................................................... 73 Figure 70 GREEN ROOFING ............................................................................................................................. 73 Figure 71 GREEN TERRACE ............................................................................................................................. 73 Figure 72 BRIDGES ........................................................................................................................................... 75 Figure 73 BRIDGE SHOWING CONNECTIVITY .................................................................................................. 75 Figure 74 INTERPREATING THE PLAN IN DESIGN ............................................................................................ 77 Figure 75 ROMAN FOUM PLAN ....................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 77 .......................................................................................................................................................... 78 Figure 76 .......................................................................................................................................................... 78 Figure 78 .......................................................................................................................................................... 79 Figure 79 .......................................................................................................................................................... 80

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SYNOPSIS

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INTRODUCTION: A convention centre is a large building complex that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centres typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees.

Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition centres. Convention centres typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain bon concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention centre.

A physical environment, which would serve as a catalyst for a synergetic relationship between individuals and institutions working in diverse habitat related areas and would therefore maximize their total effectiveness.

The India Habitat Centre is a multipurpose building in New Delhi, India. Mixing work, commercial and social spaces, the Indian Habitat Centre is one of India’s most comprehensive convention centres.

It not only provides an improved working environment to its employees but also contributes to the urban level functions that a living city requires.

It is Centre of contemporary culture, economic, business, social events. The concern for the habitat & its environment works as the back bone of habitat centre .it not only provides an improved working environment to its employees but also contributes to urban level functions that a living city requires.

It provides an ideal physical environment with a range of facilities that would maximize the effectiveness of the individual and institutions, in their holistic support of habitat.

Its principal “to restore at every level� environment and ecological a balanced & improved way of life is reflected, the habitat is not only a home to these offices and research organizations but in order to facilitate their interactions,

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SITEThe site is located in sector 33A Noida. According to master plan Noida 2031 the area is dedicated to recreational greens. NDA had proposed a habitat centre for social, cultural and intellectual development of Noida at international level.

Area- 12.5 acre

Figure 1 Noida authority map

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Aim- To design a centre for contemporary cultural, economic, business and social events.

The aim of the project is to study the building design that ensures efficient, safe and appropriate work spaces.

Develop an integrated physical environment in which various professions and institutions dealing with different facets of habitat and habitat related environmental issues would function, interact and attempt to resolve habitat related problems in a coordinated manner.

Promote better urban and rural settlements relevant of the Indian social, cultural and economic context and related to the lifestyle of its people.

OBJECTIVES • Create clear, segregated paths for movement of people and material within the building.

• Create a humane environment for visitor and performers.

• Develop building systems that can accommodate rapid change.

• To design a building taking care of the psychological of the visitor and providing them a building which would have a positive effect on the people coming from India or outside of India.

• To design a building of such a manner that when the visitor enter the building; they can interact together in semi-public a spaces under control with green environment to make them relax and enjoy the traditional wealth and Indian heritage.

SCOPE

Green building-Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.



Energy efficient buildings can be defined as buildings that are designed to provide a significant reduction of the energy need for heating and cooling, independently of the energy and of the equipment that will be chosen to heat or cool the building.



The design of building will be iconic. But will eventually help the surrounding to grow in its context through ease of movement.



Rain water harvesting

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METHODOLOGY • Brief understanding of the topic selected.

Topic Selection and Justification.

• Defining the aims and objectives of the project.

• Listing down the attributes and challenges of the project.

• Understanding various user groups of the project.

Theoretical Studies.

LITERATURE STUDY

CASE STUDY

• Study of climatic data.

Site Analysis.

• Sun path and orientation

• Design standards and guide-lines.

• Study of bye-laws and specialized services.

• India habitat centre, Delhi • India international centre, Delhi Vigyan bhavan

• Identifying major problems • Geographical study for slope, vegetation, etc.

AREA FORMULATION

• Formation of a project brief that includes detailed requirements of the project.

• Detailed calculations of all the component that have to be incorporated in the project.

SITE ZONING

• Zoning of various building blocks based on design requirement and site analysis.

• Development of circulation plans.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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• Development of design concept, massing and basic form of the structure.

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ABOUT PROJECT

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SPACE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

COMPONENTS

USES

Entrance hall

Users: Delegates, performers and staff Description-The major connectivity between the various components of the convention centre.

It acts as an ideal space for delegates to network. Spaces like information, kiosk and waiting lounges form are part of the entrance hall

Registration centre

Users: People taking part in various convention.

Description- It acts as a space where people attending various events register themselves.

Toilets

Users: All occupants.

Description- The size and quantity of the toilets to be provided shall be decided in accordance to NBC standards.

They shall be provided for peak capacity

Exhibition Hall

Users: All occupants Description- Trade relative promoters take part in the trade shows to promote their products.

Large span structures and column free spaces are required for these promotions. Crowd management of such components becomes necessary.

SEMI-PUBLIC USES AUDITORIUM

Users: Performers, delegates and local people.

Description- The purpose of the auditorium is to accommodate large scale gatherings for various events like dance, drama and delegations.

The design of the auditorium shall be evolved in accordance various standard guidelines subjected to auditorium design.

SEMINAR HALL

Users: Delegates and staff.

Description: 1. They are ideal for small-scale events like workshops, training sessions, press conferences, etc. 2. They are large enough to

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Page 15 seat attendees in theatre configurations ranging from 50-200 people.

Users: Delegates and staff

CONFRENCE ROOMS

Description- They hold meetings and small company training sessions for 20-30 people.

PRIVATE ADMINSTRATION

Users: Staff of the convention centre Description: 1. It contains offices for the convention centre which handles the general functioning of the bus terminal.

Users: Staff Description: 1. The control room will monitor the overall functioning of the convention centre.

CONTROL ROOM

SERVICE AREAS Parking

Service Block AC Plant room; Electrical substation Maintenance Department.

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Users: Anyone visiting ICC. Description: 1- Car and bus parking as per norms laid by NBC and DDA. Users: Staff

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ABOUT CONVENTIONS A convention is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place and time in order to discuss or engage in some common interest. Conventions are often planned and coordinated by professional meeting and convention planners, generally by staff of the convention's hosting company.

Most large cities will have a convention centre dedicated to hosting such events. The term MICE - meetings Incentives Conventions and Exhibitions - is widely used in Asia as a description of the industry.

Types of conventions The most common conventions are based upon industry, profession, and fan-dom. Along with them, • Trade conventions: It typically lays focus on a particular industry or industry segment, and feature keynote speakers, vendor displays, and other information and activities of interest to the event organizers and attendee • Professional Conventions: They focus on issues of concern to the profession and advancements in the profession. Such conventions are generally organized by societies dedicated to promotion of the topic of interest.

• Fan Conventions: They usually feature displays, shows, and sales based on pop culture and guest celebrities.

Figure 2 CONVENTION CENTRE

SEMINARS: They are meetings organized to inform a group of people about a specific topic, or to teach a specific skill. Expert speakers and teachers are usually invited to speak on various topics.

• Social events: A large gathering organized to celebrate major life events and religious ceremonies. Common social events include: anniversaries, wed-dings and birthdays.

• Trade shows/Exhibitions: They are an opportunity for companies to exhibit some of their latest products, as well as yet to be released prototypes to journalists as well as others in the industry

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Public movement pattern for convention centres: Communication and functionality can be improved by implementing efficient circulation patterns in a convention centre. People visiting or working in a convention centre can be divided into 5 broad user categories: • Public flow • Delegate flow • VIP flow • Staff flow

Delegates flow: Delegates form the most important group of users for a convention centre. The parking shall lead them to the main entrance foyer which further directs them to their destination. An unobstructed delegate movement is very important.

Public flow: Dignified personalities are invited depending on the nature of conference. It can also have relatives and public guests invited by the organisation. The public guests also have access to the exhibition areas and hence these areas shall a separate access to manage the public flow during peak hours efficiently.

VIP flow: They shall either directly lead to the dais of the main hall or shall enter through the VIP entrance which is connected to a VIP lounge.

Staff flow: The staff can be divided into two categories namely the technical staff who are responsible for the efficient working of the convention centre while the others are the administrative staff who are exposed to the people coming to the centre. The paths of the technical and administrative staff diverse at the staff entrance.

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LITERATURE STUDY

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THE AUDITORIUM The three-dimensional volume of an auditorium is conditioned by the need for all members of the audience to be able to see the whole of the platform or stage; and to hear the actor, singer, musician or speaker. Seating density, floor rake and seating layout are partly determined by this, partly to give the audience an appropriate level of comfort and essential to ensure a means of escape in an emergency, such as a fire, within the time required by safety considerations and by legislation.

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

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Figure 6 LINE OF SIGHT

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Writing surface Conference use may require a writing surface for note-taking. The writing surface may be: - A tablet fixed to each seat, 20.10 - A fixed table with fixed pivoting or sliding seat, 20.13.

Figure 7 SEATING

Figure 8

Figure 9 SEATING 2

AUDITORIUM DESIGN: • Audience requirements: Every member of the audience should be able to see and hear clearly whatever is happening on every part of the stage or platform. The greater the encirclement of the audience of platform or stage, more people can be accommodated within the aural and visual limitations up to 180° encirclement. With a full encirclement, the distance from platform or stage is restricted to six rows.

• Number of seats in a row: With traditional seating the maximum number is 22 if there are gangways at both ends of the row, and 11 for gangway at one end. Rows with more than 22 seats are permitted if the audience is not thereby imperilled.

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Page 22 Spacing is controlled by the clearway between the leading edge of the seat and the rear of the back of the seat in front. For traditional seating the minimum clearway for people to pass along the row is 300 mm and this dimension increases with the number of seats in a row. For continental seating the clearway is not less than 400 mm and not more than 500 mm.

• Gangways: As gangways are essential escape routes, their widths are determined by the number of seats served. The minimum is 1100 mm. They can be ramped up to 10%. If the seating rake is steeper, gangways must have steps extending the full width and these must have consistent treads and risers in each run. SEATING DENSITY: Seating is usually laid out in straight or curved rows focused towards the platform or stage.

Further forms are the angled row, straight row with curved change of direction and straight rows within emphasised blocks of seats.

Figure 10 SEATING WITH WRITING SPACE

SEATING GEOMETRY:

Figure 12 STRAIGHT SEATINGS

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Figure 11 STRAIGHT AND ANGLED SEATINGS

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Figure 13 Figure 14 CURVED SEATINGS

Figure 16 CURVED AND ANGLED

Figure 15 STEPPED SEATINGS

SIGHTLINES FOR A SEATED AUDIENCE: For every member of the audience to have an uninterrupted view of the platform or stage over the heads in front and clear of overhangs the

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section and plan of the auditorium need to conform to certain limitations set by vertical and horizontal sightlines.

OFFICE

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OFFICE Layouts and location of core

• Core at one end • One-row layout • Uneconomical • Only justified f or deep office spaces where daylight is a problem Figure 18 ONE ROW LAYOUT

• Core on the periphery • Double-row layout • Small office spaces • Ample daylight for all • Less depth of plan Figure 19 DOUBLE ROW LAYOUT

• Previously used in most office buildings

• Core in the middle • Three-row layout • Ample daylight for all • Common in high rise office buildings

Figure 17 THREE ROW LAYOUT

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• Ease of access to service space. Thus, better fire escape plan

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• Core on the periphery/centrally located • Layout without corridor • Daylight mostly for those on the periphery Figure 21 WITH CORRIDORS

• Core centrally located • Floor plan allows for more than one office space • Ease of sub-letting • Daylight for those on the periphery Figure 20 CENTER CORE

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EXHIBITION HALL An Exhibition is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within museums, galleries and exhibition halls, and World's Fairs.

Exhibitions can include many things such as art in both major museums and smaller galleries, interpretive exhibitions, natural history museums and history museums, and also varieties such as more commercially focused exhibitions and trade fairs.

GENERAL PLANNING The relationships between functions are common to all museums and art galleries.

It shows collection item movements in the operation of collection services, but note that not every operation necessarily requires a separate space, and some services may be provided by outside agencies. As far as possible, collection movement and public circulation should be kept separate.

Space Standards a. Aisles: • Must be a minimum width of 3 meters.

• Must equal total width of existing exits.

• Must have 2 exits.

• Must have no dead ends. b. Fire exits / Clearways: • Designated fire exits and clear ways cannot be encroached upon under any circumstance.

Storage of materials or equipment in these areas is not permitted. It is the responsibility of the event organizer to ensure that stand holders comply with this requirement.

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RESTAURANTS A place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises.

Various types of restaurants are classified based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing.

Types of restaurants 1. Fine dining restaurants with bar • These are full service restaurants with specific dedicated meal courses.

• Decor of such restaurants features higher-quality materials, with an eye towards the "atmosphere".

2. Casual dining restaurants • A casual dining restaurant is a restaurant that serves moderately-priced food in a casual atmosphere.

• Except for buffet-style restaurants, casual dining restaurants typically provide table service.

Figure 22 SEAT SPACING

Relationship of main elements • The layout and relationship between different areas is dependent on the type of facility.

• The kitchen and preparation areas will equal about 50% of the dining space and ancillary and storage will be about 1.5-2 times the kitchen area.

Space standards: • Restaurants should be planned so that a variety of seating arrangements is possible (e.g. tables for two and four).

• To eat comfortably, one person requires a 600mm wide and 400mm deep table.

• Service aisles should be minimum 900mm to 1350mm wide if used both by trolleys and guests.

• Area required per person ranges from 1.3-1.9 m2.

• There must be clarity in organization between self-service, fast food, etc. and a separate smoking area.

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Figure 23 TYPE OF SEATINGS RESTAURANT

Figure 24 MOVEMENT SPACE IN RESTAURANT

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Fire safety norms by the National Building Code of India Every building shall be as constructed, equipped, maintained and operated as to avoid undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants from fire, smoke, fumes or panic during the time period necessary for escape.

General Exit Requirements • An exit may be a doorway; to an internal staircase, or external staircase, or terrace(s), which have access to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge area.

• All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an exterior open space leading to a street.

• Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit.

Capacity of exits • The unit of exit width, used to measure the capacity of any exit, shall be 500 mm. A clear width of 250 mm shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear widths less than 250 mm shall not be counted for exit width.

• In an assembly building (convention centre), the capacity per storey per unit width of exit of stairways, ramps and doors is 40,50 and 60 respectively.

• The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not exceed 30m in case of assembly buildings.

Doorways • No exit doorway shall be less than 1000 mm in width except assembly buildings where door width shall be not less than 2000 mm. Doorways shall be not less than 2000 mm in height.

Stairways and ramps • The minimum width of tread shall be 300 mm and the maximum height of riser shall be 150 mm for assembly buildings. • The minimum width for a staircase shall be 2m.

• The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and under the staircase shall be 2.2 m.

• The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10. In certain cases steeper slopes maybe permitted but in no case greater than 1 in 8. 4.7.5. Horizontal exits • For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 m2 or an area equivalent to 0.3 m2 per person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors.

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Elevators: • Location: Passenger lifts should be within a reasonable walking distance from the furthest part of the floor areas served (say, 70 m maximum) and, where they are the only or main lifts near an entrance. The location of goods and service lifts will depend on their function, but they should not open into passenger lift lobbies or public areas. • Planning a passenger lift: Cul-de-sac or recessed lobbies, are essential to get the maximum performance from lift groups. Clearly, having called for lift service the waiting passengers should not have to walk further than necessary to the responding lift car, and should not be obstructed by passers-by.

Figure 25 LIFT PLAN AND SECTION

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RAMPS: • These are used to allow wheeled vehicles such as trolleys, wheelchairs and buggies to change levels.

• A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater than 1 in 20 or maximum of 1 in 12 for short distance up to 9000 mm.

• Each ramp shall have at least 1800 mm of straight clearance at the bottom.

• At least one entrance usable by individuals in wheelchairs shall be on a level that would make the elevators accessible.

• Width of a ramp: It is determined according to type and intensity of use. Onaway travel requires a minimum width of 900 mm clear, whereas two-way travel needs 1 500 mm. Where turns occur at landings adequate space for manoeuvring wheel-chairs must be provided.

Internal staircase: • All assembly buildings having area more than 500 m2 on each floor shall have a minimum of two staircases.

• The minimum width for a staircase in an assembly building shall be 1 500mm.

• The formula for most staircases of twice the rise plus the going lies between 600 and 630mm will give a suitable relationship.

• The rise should not exceed 1 90 mm, and the going should not be less than 250 mm.

Maximum Pitch Rise Going Maximum risers per flight 32.7degrees Minimum 135 Minimum 280 i6 risers Maximum 180 Maximum 340 • The top of the handrail should be between 900 and 1000 mm above the pitch line.

• The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and under the staircase shall be 2.2 m.

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PARKING: Surface parking: Parking stalls should be built to accommodate the larger cars frequently used, although not necessarily the very largest. Parking spaces may be parallel, perpendicular, or angled (30, 45, or 60 degree) to the driving lane, or aisle. rea per ECS for surface car parking as per DDA is 23 m2.

Type

Description

Layout

Perpendicular • Effective in low turn- over rate or long term parking areas, • Most efficient and economical since it accommodates the most vehicles per linear me- ter.

Angled - 60 degree

Angled - 45 degree

Advantage/disadvantage Advantages :• Works well with either one- or two-way aisles • Handles the most vehicles per square meter of pavement Disadvantages: • Requires widest area • Two-way traffic can create visibility problems

• This parking area con- figuration is ideal for a fast turnover rate or predominantly short term use.

• This is often offset by difficulties of inefficient circulation patterns and way aisles.

Advantages: • Easy manoeuvring in and out of parking spaces • Good visibility • Lends itself to either one-or two-way aisles

The 45 degree angled parking configuration displays similar benefits and limitations as the 60 degree.

Advantages: • Reduced width requirements for layout.

• Easy manoeuvring in and out of parking spaces.

• Good visibility to the rear

Disadvantages: • Requires more pavement per vehicle than perpendicular configuration

Disadvantages: • Doesn't work well with two-way aisles • Requires more pavement per vehicle than perpendicular parking configuration.

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CASE STUDIES

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INDIA HABITAT CENTRE The INDIA HABITAT CENTRE (IHC) was conceived as forum for handling multi-disciplinary issues involved in the development of human settlements. The project weaves urban design into a synergetic inter-relationship between institutions working in diverse habitat-re-lated fields to optimize their total effectiveness. It mixes work, commercial and social spaces to result in an integrated urban physical form, with common facilities for information dissemination.

Architects Joseph Allen Stein Stein, Doshi & Bhalla Architects Client India Habitat Centre Society Site Area —4 Ha FAR 1.4 Built-up Area 53,000 m2 Super Built-up 97,000 m2

Figure 26 SATELITE VIEW IHC

Site Conditions Plain site located on Lodhi Road, New Delhi. The L-shaped site has frontage on three sides, all bounded by roads. The fourth side is flanked by Bal Bharthi School. The area is predominantly institutional along Lodhi Road and residential as one moves deeper inside.

Climate • Humid sub-tropical • Average temperatures range from 19-32 depending on the weather • summers are hot, winters are quite cold, with most amount of rain during monsoons

Connectivity and Access The site can be accessed from the three sides bounded by roads.

Lodhi Road on the north serves as pedestrian entrance. Roads on the west, Max Mueller Marg, and south, Vardhman Marg serve as direct access roads to different areas of the complex and entry by vehicle is allowed. The site lies 1 km from the main road connecting I.T.O. and A.I.I.M.S. 200m from Lodhi Corner Bus Stop • 1km from Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Metro Station on the Violet Line.

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Building Program IHC is programmed as a moderately dense complex with institutional and office work spaces, conference and library facilities, including a diverse range of facilities for the members.

• 40,000 sq. of office accommodation • Conference rooms with a total capacity of 1000 in various configurations holding 30 to 450 people • 60 guest rooms, 5 suites, 5 service apartments • Conference rooms, cafeteria, restaurants and private dining rooms can handle around 1500 persons at a time • 700 sq. Of exhibition space • 420 capacity auditorium, 250 capacity amphitheatre • Parking for 933 cars and 2000 two-wheelers • 25% of the total area goes into landscaped courts

Architectural Vision and Implementation The genesis of the design, according to Stein, is rooted in the fact that he is a "horizontal architect with a profound dislike for automobiles and the need for climate modification, the application of these with the co-operation of the client led to a conscious decision to under build". Thus, the complex is realised as an oasis of quiet and greenery in the midst of the chaos of the city.

Figure 27 SPACE FRAME AT IHC

Figure 29 LUSH GREEN AND WATER AT IHC

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Figure 28 GREEN AREA ,IHC

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RESPONSE TO SITE The neighbourhood is marked by free flowing traffic and not much public activity. The buildings here do not interact with each other or the street and this results in very little pedestrian movement and is essentially vehicular in nature. IHC, therefore, is an inward looking complex, whose public activity is removed from the surroundings.

Figure 30 GROUND FLOOR PLAN, IHC

The complex is divided into two main blocks – • The North Block along the main roads is made of seven storeyed office spaces. Lower floors remain public.

• The South Block along the Lodhi Housing Colony holds functions like auditorium, theatres, library, member facilities and guest rooms. The height decreases progressively from the North to the South Block in response to the housing. The built is also set further back from the plot line on this edge.

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SPATIAL ORGANIZATION The habitat centre is organized as a series of four to seven storey blocks around linked shaded courtyards. The built forms are grouped around climate tempered courts, shad-ed by overhead sunscreens and are enlivened by vertical gardens.

Spaces are segregated on the basis of their level of public-ness. All areas which are expected to experience large and regular inflow of public have been placed close to the entrances. Offices are accessed from the courtyards. Courts and landscaped areas connect the public with the semi-public areas.

However, there is limited engagement between the office workers and the activity in the courtyard due to horizontal windows where vertical would have suited better.

Figure 31 CIRCULATION PATTERN ,IHC

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SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES • The interesting blue sunshade provided between two buildings in court helps maintain a comfortable environment and has a cooling effect.

• The trees help maintain a green environment.

• Fountains make the environment cooler & give an effect of lightness.

• The building is planned in such a way that maximum part of the floor enjoys sunlight.

• Sunlight is also allowed in the basement through interesting glass and metal structures in the courtyards.

SERVICES Figure 33 BRIDGE CONNECTIVITY

Figure 32 CONNECTIVITY

The entire building is air-conditioned, the basements are mechanically ventilated, sprinkler systems are installed in all usable areas and the complex has its own water purification plant.

Fire escape staircases and lobbies are pressurized to prevent the spread of fire along vertical shafts.

All office spaces have the flexibility of providing their own wet areas, apart from those provided in the central cores, and a floor grid provides adjustable connections for power and telephones that can be integrated with the partitioning. Computerized building management systems have been designed for the efficient operation of all systems, including watering of window boxes and the detection of faults. The level of detail that has been applied to the services is indeed remarkable.

Figure 34 SECTION, IHC

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INFRENCES 

As the original scheme is modelled on this building, many parallels can be drawn between the programs, and the study directly informs the proposal.



The project is very successful in terms of architectural expression, and as a place for indulging in cultural and leisure activities.



Validation of the proposed area program, as similar functions have been provided for here and are known to work.



Effective zoning for handling crowds.



Vehicular circulation is restricted to the periphery, making the site pedestrian friendly.



Landscaping ties the scheme together and is critical for creating the ambience and micro-climate that facilitates outdoor activity.



Courtyards also act as important binding elements and tools for placemaking.



The nature of public space created is inward looking, with volumes containing the inside from the outside.



Hampered pedestrian activity on the road outside due to similar - inward looking - buildings along the road.



The premises is active at night because of the many events it hosts. This activity is restricted to within the site and the roads outside remain deserted.

Materials and proportions used for cladding and paving - brick, tiles and stone create a interesting facade and lend it a more humanizing scale.

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INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE

It is known non-official organization situated in New Delhi, India. It was founded in 1958, and inaugurated in 1968. It is a unique establishment in that it serves as a meeting place for the various cultural and intellectual offerings the city has to offer, while maintaining its non-official character, non-aligned motivations and remains uncommitted to any particular form of governmental, political, economic or religious affiliation.

LOCATION India International Centre (IIC) is a well-known non-official organization situated in New Delhi, India. The architect who designed the building complex was Joseph Allen Stein.

Architect- J.A. Stein Sitearea-4.6

acre

Built up area-8582Sq.m Covered area-4400Sq.m Construction -1960 – 1962.

Figure 36 35 VIEW, SITE PLAN, IIC IIC

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CONCEPT According to its official blurb, the centre is alluded to as Triveni', which in Sanskrit means Convergence. It provides three activity streams: The Intellectual Stream, which is supported with the organization of seminars, symposia, meetings, discussions, and a well-stocked that also helps publish papers.

The Cultural Stream, through events like dance recitals, film screenings, and drama.

The Social Stream, through its hostel and catering facilities which brings together people in a pleasant setting.

Figure 37 VIEW ,IIC

Entertaining at the Centre Eating in the dining room is an occasion to enjoy the privilege of being a member or a guest, or a visitor staying in the guest rooms. The Centre offers wholesome meals at affordable prices, limited varieties of Indian, Continental and Chinese cuisine, varieties of non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages are also on offer to members and residents. The Tea Lounge offers a more informal sitting arrangement.

Main Centre The main building houses the C.D. Deshmukh Auditorium with a seating capacity of the 231 persons, two Conference Rooms -- Conference Room-I with sitting capacity of 80 persons, and Conference Room-II with sitting capacity of 60 persons. The residential block has 48 single and 25 double rooms. There is a Main Dining Hall and a Private Dining Hall, a Tea Lounge, a Bar, a Terrace Pergola with supporting Kitchen and Pantry facilities.

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IIC Annex The India International Centre Annexe was inaugurated on 29 December 1996 by Dr. Karan Singh, then Presidentof the Centre. The Annexe building is an extension of the India International Centre. The IIC Annexe has a Conference Room–III with capacity of 60 persons, an Auditorium with sitting capacity of 100 persons, Committee Room–III, Committee Room IV for small meetings up to 20 persons, an open lounge terrace for hosting get together up to 60 persons and a Court for hosting get together up to 175 persons. There is anArt Gallery inthe basement for holding exhibitions of photographs, crafts, paintings, puppet, etc. The Annexe also has a Dining Hall, aTea Lounge cum Bar and 18 residential

Figure 38 PLANNING ,IIC

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SERVICES Private Dining Hall (main Building,Its Floor): Flexible sitting arrangement for 25-30 persons for meetings and 40-45 persons for Lunches and Dinners Terrace Pergola: (Main Building, IInd Floor): Flexible sitting arrangement for 25-30 persons for meetings and 50-60 persons for Lunches and Dinners.

Fountain Lawn: Outdoor facilities for the arrangement of Lunches and Dinners for about 350 Persons Rose Garden: Outdoor facilities for the arrangement of Lunches and Dinners for about 300 persons Lounge Terrace (Annex): An open space on third floor with the lift facility, for the arrangement of dinners for about 75 persons Annex Court: An open space at the ground level, for the arrangement of Lunches and Dinners for about 150-175 persons

Figure 41

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Figure 39

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INFRENCES • The building, although constructed in the year 1960, is still being maintained to the core by the organized committee persons of the center.

• The need for more space is felt at places like auditorium of 240 capacities which at present is unable to accommodate the growing spectators day by day.

• Also felt is the need for more conference rooms and exhibition spaces other than present in IIC. • Regarding the guest suites, the IIC had only 46 guest suites while it was designed but now it has been able to include some more taking it to 65 suites.

• Parking in the IIC has now become insufficient for cars, two wheelers and buses.

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VIGYAN BHAVAN Vigyan Bhavan - New Delhi: Address- Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.

Owner- Government of India Built- 1956 Architect-: Joseph Allen Stein

Figure 43 VIGYAN BHAVAN ,NEW DELHI

Introduction: Vigyan Bhavan is India's most significant conference center which has been hosting numerous conventions and conference at the national and international when it was designed and constructed

by CPWD. It is one of the centre in India whose conferencing accommodations can compete with those in any corner of the world.

Vigyan Bhawan is a premier convention centre of Government of India in New Delhi. Built in 1956, over the years it has been the venue of conferences of national and international stature, seminars and award ceremonies attended by distinguished world leaders and dignitaries

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Location: Vigyan Bhavan is located on Maulana Azad road, a few meters away from the intersection of Rajpath and Janpath. It is located between National Museum and vice presidents residence on the other side. This building is hardly a furlong from the Rashtrapati Bhava

Figure 44 LOCATION OF VIGYAN BHAVAN

Form and architecture: The building stands out as a cuboidal mass which gives no indication of its functions. The structure is a bulky white mass with very little fenestrations. The entrance arch of the main building is embedded with granite and forms the most attractive architectural element. It rest on red sand stone podium. The western face done in sand stone demarcates the block as separate entity. The Annexe building and dining halls are cuboid masses subdued by main block with no noticeable features.

The main building incorporates elements of British Raj architecture, along with Hindu and Mughal architecture, as well as ancient Buddhist architecture, especially the chaitya arches of Ajanta Caves. The overall style of the building remains modernistic with revivalist elements.

Figure 45 INTERAL VIEW

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Planning of the complex Vigyan Bhavan consists of two components: • The main building: The main building has a plenary hall with a seating capacity of1285 delegates. Besides this, it has six smaller halls with capacities ranging from 65 to 375 delegates. The building has a separate VIP lounge, secretariat, a documentation centre, business centre and an exhibition hall.

• The annexe building: The adjacent building is the Vigyan Bhavan Annexe which was built in 1970 to provide additional facilities to the Vigyan Bhavan Complex. It accommodates a conference facility and offices occupied by various authorities such as interstate council, MDONER, etc. The Vigyan Bhavan Annexe stands adjacent to the Vice President's House.

Figure 46 BUILDINGS, VIGYAN BHAVAN

Site zoning and access to Vigyan Bhavan Access to the complex: • The complex can be approached by 3 main entrances through the Maulana Azad road on the southern side of the complex.

• As per figure, Entry 1: VIP Entrance Entry 2: Delegates, journalists, media, etc.

Entry 3: Staff and visitors of the Annexe Building Entry 3 also serves as the service entry for the kitchen, A/C plant rooms in the complex.

• All the three entrances meet the service road on the rear end of the building.

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The ground floor The main building a three storied structure with a total plinth area of about 17222 m2. The ground floor consists of the following components: • The plenary hall • Dining area including the VIP lounge • Offices and business centre • Dining and central kitchen • Conference room

Entrance Foyer: The main building has 3 entrances each of which leads onto a foyer.

• Main foyer has flight of steps leading to the main hall and upper floors.

• The staff entry is on the eastern side and has a chaitya arch in red sandstone. The staff entry and the offices placed on one end generate a well-defined staff movement.

• The VIP entrance lies on the western side of the building.

Flight of steps leading the main hall.

• The ground floor has an atrium of 367 m2.

• It is sailing three floors of building height.

• It is provided with space frame and heat reflecting glass roof which permits natural light into the area.

• Used for dinning by the conference attendees and is decorated with a water fountain.

• The atrium can hold up to 650 people while standing.

Figure 47 AUDITORIUM PLAN, VIGYAN BHAVAN

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Plenary hall: Signalled by the crest of Vigyan Bhavan the entrance foyer to this hall is a magnificent and elegant sight with a plush interior.

• The plenary hall has a seating capacity of 1200 representatives with a break up of 900 on the ground floor and 300 in the balcony.

• The plenary hall has a stage that is accessed by steps. It measures 42X48m.

• It is the largest hall in fan shaped rounded staggered seating arrangement.

• It extends from ground floor to first floor.

• It has fixed tables and movable chairs for 900 and 300 fixed chairs for the rest.

• The stage is far and can be come within reach of directly from the VIP entrance. It can accommodate 37 people.

• It has fixed tables and movable chairs for 900 and only fixed chairs for the rest.

• There are press observer galleries accessible and approached from second floor. There are three balconies on either side of the hall on an average height of 11 m from the ground level.

Figure 49 VIEWS

Figure 48 VIEWS

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Office block and business centre: • The support offices for conventions are located in the office block on the eastern side covering an area of 770 m2.

• There are 15 rooms with an area of 1 5.5m2 and 2 rooms of 47m2.

• It has audio-video recording studio with an area of 30 m2 for on the spot interviews.

• A business centre with provision for a bank, travel desk, post office, secretarial services and telephones etc. is located adjacent to the main atrium lobby.

• The block is of load bearing masonry with R.C.C. slabs for roof and terraces. The walls on ground floor are 450mm thick and 340 mm thick on the upper floors with partition walls remain 1 15mm thick. Foundation depth of R.C.C. strip footing is 1 .2m.

• The corridor linking the office spaces are 2.7m wide and the block is carpeted.

Figure 50 VIEWS, VIGYAN BHAVAN

Dining and the central kitchen: • An exclusive VIP lounge is located adjacent to the VIP entrance serving only the prime minister and the president of the country.

• A separate lounge adjacent to the VIP lounge serves the other delegates. Also, the atrium is used for dining purposes.

• A central kitchen is located on the ground floor which serves all lounges and banquet halls.

• The kitchen does not serve the atrium dining hall directly but serves VIP lounge and hall No.1.

• A service corridor accompanies hall no. 1 which leads to central kitchen. This acts as pantry not kitchen.

• There is a separate entry to the kitchen from the backside. The corridor has two lifts (one smaller for kitchen utensils and furniture transport).

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Fire fighting system: • Close circuit televisions (C.C.T.V.) are installed in the entire building.

• There exists wet riser systems with three risers and an external yard hydrant • An automatic sprinkler system is provided with a separate pumping system.

• There is a separate underground fire tank with a capacity of 65000 liters of reserved water located in the rear of the complex.

• Smoke detectors are installed to set off fire alarms with electronic panels located in each building to pin point the location of fire.

Figure 52

Orientation of the building:

Figure 51 PLANNING

• The orientation of building is in North-South direction.

• The conference rooms, lounges and the cafeteria are all located on the northern side of the building as it provides a good view of central vista.

• The VIP entrance is located on the western side of the building keeping it totally separate from other entrances.

• The entrance foyer is located on the southern side of the building

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The Annexe Building: • Annex building is a 3 storey high building which was built in 1970 to pro-vide additional facilities to the complex.

• The building houses four committee rooms, press work area, cafeteria, and a big lounge, telex room, telephone booths etc.

Area statement: • The site covers an area of 4.53 ha. / 11.19 acres / 45,300m2.

• The main building covers 7659.72 m2with a plinth area of 631 737 m2 Figure 53 PLAN

OWNER: Government of India BUILT: 1956 ACCESS: This building is accessed from Maulana Azad road. The main building has 3 entrances. Main front entry is on southern side facing Maulana Azad road.

TOPOGRAPHY: Flat Total plot area: 11.20 Acres

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Inferences: By bringing together a number of institutes from various habitat related professions in one complex, the complex problems of meeting facilities, co-ordination between different professionals and the problems like car parking, food services etc. have been smartly solved. (a.) External: • Approach: Persons approach either by public vehicle park their vehicles in the parking tot (Meena Bagh) opposite to the Vigyan Bhavan, thus they are exposed to moving vehicular traffic while crossing the road.

• Entrance gate: It was observed that separate gates "Vs' vehicular traffic and pedestrian movement.

• Parking: Parking lots have been provided inside Vigyan Bhavan. How-ever, haphazard vehicular parking on pathways obstructs right of way and safe movement of everyone including the physically challenged.

• Vehicular movement is restricted only to the periphery of the site with only pedestrian movement allowed inside the blocks creating a very clean environment. Parking has been kept in the basement allowing rest of the site to be landscaped.

• Steep ramps: There is a ramp provided on the western and the southern entrance, but is very steep (1:8) for pedestrian use. Also, it has no sup-porting handrail/ guard rail.

• Architectural character: It marks a transition in the architecture of Joseph Allen Stein.

Facade treatment on the exterior presents a very stable and strong visual effect by use of special bricks.

(b.) Internal: • The main entrance foyer on the southern side does not serve the maximum during peak hours. Hence mezzanine floors have been created on either sides which help in crowd management more efficiently.

• Location of main lift bank for vertical circulation is far away from the main entrance on the southern side.

• The use of R.C.C. frame structure has helped in creating flexible spaces in the interior.

• The main circulation is via a doubly loaded corridor. There seems to be absence of clarity in planning as one moves along them.

• The main hall has been treated as a central mass with other halls and offices placed around it.

• The location of the dining hall in the atrium is not suitable.

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CASE STUDY MATRIX India Habitat Centre

India International Centre

Vigyan Bhavan

Location

New Delhi, India

New Delhi ,India

Architect

Joseph Allen Stein Stein, Doshi & Bhalla

Joseph Allen Stein

Site Area

9.6 acre

4.6 acre

53,000 sqm

8582 sqm

7195 + 4037sqm Basement parking Only V.I.P surface parking

Built-up Area FAR

New Delhi ,India R.P.Gehlote

11.6 acre

1.4

Parking

2 basements - 933 cars, 2000 twowheelers

No basement parking ,and limited surface parking area

Program

Offices, Convention Centre, Auditorium, Theatres, Art Galleries, Library & Resource Centre, Restaurants, Member Facilities Peripheral movement of vehicles. Built zoned into two blocks - offices & cultural.

Masses connected by courts

Auditorium, guest house, business centre, conference ,restaurant

Conference ,admin ,VIP dining, exhibition, theatre ,lounge ,cafeteria etc.

Peripheral movement of vehicles. Blocks are grouped around two great courts connected by portico and roof top veranda.

Peripheral movement Of vehicles.it consist of three building .main building, annex building and dining hall.

Architectural expression

Use of materials and greenery to introduce humanising scale to the large project.

Faรงade consists of exposed materials which gives the building a very rich look.

The whole building is artificially ventilated fence no courtyards.

Only white paint on the exterior with arched entrances

Type of public space

Inward looking public space. Sensitive landscaping - an oasis in the midst of the city's chaos.

Activity at night

Activity dependent on events hosted

Site Planning

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AREA STATEMENT

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SITE CALCULATIONS TOTAL SITE AREA -12.50 ACRES / 50,250 sqm F.A.R- 1.5 = 75375 sqm Permissible built up area -75375 sqm /18.8 acres Permissible ground coverage = 30% = 3.75 acres / 15,000 sqm PARKING CALCULATIONS Car parking = 1.5 ECS per 100 sqm of floor area = 1130 car parking 33 sqm for basement (85%) =960 cars Parking space in basement = 31680 sqm 23 sqm for surface parking (15%) = 172 cars Parking space on surface = 3956 sqm

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AREA CALCULATIONS SR. NO

COMPONENTS

STANDARDS (SQM)

OCCUPANCY

NO OF AREA MODULES

FOYER

1

2

EXHIBITION HALL FOYER

0.65

MAIN EXHIBIT AREA

1.40

STORAGE

20% of exhibit area Male: WC (1.2 m²) 2/400 and 1/250 thereof, U(0.63 m²) 1/100 WB(0.92m²) 1/WC Female: WC -2/200 & 1/150 thereof WB: 1/WC

TOILETS

150 400

800 60

Total area

2

AUDITORIUM FOYER

0.8

1

135

SEATING

1.2

650

800

STAGE

0.3

BACKSTAGE

30% of stage area 3.5

1

150

3

60

3-4.5 m²

1

30

LOGHT/SOUND ROOM

3-4.5 m²

1

30

TOILETS

Male: WC (1.2 m²)

GREEN ROOM +TOILETS PROJECTION ROOM

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Page 59 2/400 and 1/250 thereof, U(0.63 m²) 1/100 WB(0.92m²) 1/WC Female: WC -2/200 & 1/150 thereof WB: 1/WC Mini –audio/movie theatre

1

125

Total area

3

SERVICED APARTMENTS standard rooms

22

25

550

deluxe room

28

30

840

suites

35

4

140

apartments

40

2

80

65

1610

Total

4

CONFRENCE HALL TYPE 1

2

200

2

400

TYPE-2

2

150

3

750

100

2

300

Seminar rooms 1.5 Toilets

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Male: WC (1.2 m²) 2/400 and 1/250 thereof, U(0.63 m²) 1/100 WB(0.92m²) 1/WC Female: WC -2/200 & 1/150 thereof WB: 1/WC

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5

Banquet hall

1.2

500

1

600

15 (including stacking)

200

1

3000

Toilets

6

7

LIBRARY

Reception

50

Store

100 4

RESTAURANTS 50 % of seating

Kitchen

8

60

Store

25

Seating area (indoor)

150

Seating (outdoor)

100

CLUB FACILITIES Fitness centre

1

150

Yoga centre

1

200

De-stress centre

1

150

Sports facilities

1

150

1

100

1

50

Lounge

50-55 cm per person to stand

70

Bar

300

Swimming pool Toilets

9

Function hall

10

FOOD COURT

1.2

150

1

180

Interior seating

200

300

Open seating

100

200 25

Counters Kiosks

50% of seating

10 50

Store Toilets

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1500

1

150

6

7200

12

7200

12

6600

Stationary shop

1

20

Pantry

3

15

2

60

11

CLASSROOM /TRAINING ROOM

12

OFFICES

124

Reception Large office Medium office Small office

Meeting room

1200/office with toilet 600/office with toilet 300/office with toilet

30

20

Store Circulation wall ADMINISTRATION Information centre

1

30

Manager’s office

2

30

Support staff

50

250

Store

30

Security room

60

Pantry Toilet AHU

0.5 % OF FLOOR AREA

TOTAL CIRCULATION

30% of built-up

WALL AREA

10% of built up

TOTAL AREA

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SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS

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PROGRAME ANALYSIS Client - Noida authority Users Users would be varied in nature given the kind of spaces proposed Employees in the offices on site, employees from surrounding offices, public attracted by the commercial character of the corridor, convention facility users, students from the neighbouring institutes etc., art & culture enthusiasts, tourists, and local residents.

Figure 54 DISTIBUTION OF FACALITIES

Additional Areas Proposed With the idea of creating a public space active both during the day and night, it seems viable to accommodate flexible/temporary kiosks on an elaborate public plaza.

• To increase social interaction, attract students, engage the possible users (artists, enthusiastic learners, general public etc.) and given the proximity to NIFT, studios and workshop areas can be included.

• A recreational zone including outdoor gaming activities can also help make the area more active and cater to the office users.

• Food Trucks are growing in popularity.

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It can be accessed by roads from all three sides and shilpkala on the fourth side It has green belt on the north which has high tension line running and drain running down on north -east

++++The site is oriented in terms of publicness.

The area farthest from the main roads can be zoned as private while those along the edge are public.

This indicates how the elements can be placed on the site depending on the levels of privacy of the respective functions.

Figure 55 DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO PUBLICNESS

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SITE ANALYSIS SITE DATA THE SITE IS LOCATED AT SECTOR 33A, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE-28.535517, 77.391029 SITE DIMENSIONS - 213 M X 230 M SITE AREA- 12.5 ACRES (50,585 SQM) ALTITUDE-203 M

Figure 56 SITE PLAN, NOIDA

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SURROUNDINGS

s

Figure 57

Figure 58

Figure 60

Figure 63 LOCATION AND SURROUNDING

Figure 61

Figure 62

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SITE MAP

SITE

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TRAFFIC FLOW

Figure 64 CONNECTIVITY TO SITE

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EDGE ANALYSIS • The road granting access to the site through the south-east is SHIVALIK MARG which has heavy traffic flow due to metro station nearby and also ISBT on the next roundabout • To the north-east has a service road which has least traffic flow.

• This road connecting and hence sees heavy, fast moving traffic, especially during the office hours by people commuting to work from the residential areas.

Inferences • Due to the already busy nature of the edge, the entrance to the site from this direction can be restricted.

• The footpath along the site has scope for more pedestrian traffic, although it currently sees little.

• The face of the site along this edge is the most public and hence extremely important.

Figure 65 SURROUNDINDS

Figure 66 SURROUNDINGS

• The road granting access to the site through the south-west is the golf road. The development it leads to is followed by residential areas.

• The road branches out from the SHIVALIK MARG creating an intersection at one corner of the site.

• The blue metro line run parallel to this road • The traffic on this road is fast moving as well.

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Inferences • Due to the laid back nature of the traffic here, there is possibility to develop a pedestrian friendly edge of the complex here.

• There is also better opportunity for vehicular access to the site from this road.

• The public interface of the program can be developed along this face.

TOPOGRAPHY: VEGETATION- lush green, vegetation existing on the north-east site and small green belt on the north

SHAPE- the site is almost flat and rectangular in shape

SOIL TYPE -alluvial soil, bearing capacity off soil is 150 kg/sq.

Figure 70 SITE SHOWING FLANT LAND

Figure 67 SURROUNDING GREEN AREAS

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Figure 68 NO VEGETATION ON SITE

Figure 69 SURROUNDINDS

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CLIMATE In summer, i.e. from march to June, the Weather remains hot and the temperature Ranges from a maximum of 48 °c to a minimum Of 28 °c. Monsoon season prevails during Mid-June to mid-September the cold waves from the Himalayan region Makes the winters in Noida chilly and harsh.

Temperatures fall to as low as 3 to 4 °c at the peak of winters. The prevailing winds Flow from north-east towards south-west The prevailing winds flow from north-west to south –east With already existing buildings on the surroundings like hospital, apartments etc. the Electrical line are already laid along the Site.

Similarly the main drain lines are already laid on the site, which can be further connected To drain on the site.

Figure 71 SUN PATH DIAGRAM OF NOIDA

Figure 72 PRECIPETATION IN NOIDA

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OPERABLE NORMS Other Provisions: (1) Construction of any kind shall be permitted beyond the building envelope (on Setbacks) except (i) A Chajja (projection) of maximum width of 0.75 metre at lintel or roof level.

No construction of any type or any material shall be permitted over projections Other than mentioned herewith. (ii) Underground water tanks with top flush with the adjoining ground level. (iii) Watchman Shelters and Watch Towers with following provisions: (iv) No projection of watchman shelters and watch towers shall be allowed outside the plot line. (v) Maximum height of watchman shelter shall be 4 metres and for watch towers 15 metres. Total area, as mentioned below, under such shelters shall be split up

Figure 73 NORMS, NOIDA AUTHORITY

(vi) The following features shall be permitted after leaving minimum 6 metres. Open Corridor for fire tenders. (a) Metre room as per norms of Electricity Authority. (b) Open transformers without any permanent enclosure keeping in view the Necessary safety requirements. (d) Rockery, well and well structures, water pool, swimming pool (if Uncovered), uncovered platform around tree, tank, fountain, bench, chabutra with open top and unenclosed by side walls, compound wall, Gate, slide swing, culverts on drains. (e) Any other feature, primarily ornamental in nature, not enclosing or Covering space of commercial use may be permitted by the Chief Executive Officer on case to case basis. (f) Open generator set, filtration plant, Electrical distribution equipment’s, Feeder pillars, telephone distribution equipment may be permitted in open Setback as a service utility provided after leaving clear space for fire Tender.

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FAÇADE TREATMENT The facade of building is designed in such a way to minimize the amount of heat gain While not compromising on daylight and views reflecting glass will most significantly reduce penetration of radiation from reflecting side to non-reflecting side.

Jails or lattice walls can also be used to prevent glare and heat gain while ensuring adequate day lighting and views.

Figure 75 HEAT GAIN THROUGH WINDOWS

Figure 74 REDUCTION OF HEAT GAIN BY JALI

TERRACE GARDEN Earth sheltering is an ancient architectural practice of using earth against wall/ Roof for external thermal mass, to reduce heat loss, and to easily maintain a steady Indoor air temperature .roof garden cover exposed roof area of the building leading To high reduction of heat gain These terraces are also accessible from office and guest room, thus acting as a Breathing spaces beside thermal advantages.

Figure 77 GREEN TERRACE

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Figure 76 GREEN ROOFING

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EFFICIENT USE OF DAY LIGHT As most of the program is made up of office space, there is a great opportunity to include efficient use of day-light. This can begin with using an optimum grid size. Working spaces in the office can be located alongside the openings, thus increasing the dependence on natural lighting. The layout of the office hence becomes key for daylight savings.

Technology is available to help with better implementation of the saving plans. At a given point of time sensors can detect if the amount of illumination in a space is sufficient for working comfortably and can moderate the artificial lighting.

MATERIALS Compared to traditional bricks fly ash bricks are more eco-friendly due to the following reasons: • Manufacturing method saves energy, reduces mercury pollution • Costs 20% less than old-style clay brick manufacturing • Low embodied energy, High recycled content, low CO2 emission • Lighter than clay bricks • High strength, practically no breakage during transport • Uniform size of bricks reduces mortar required for joints and plaster by 50% • Lower water penetration, considerably reducing seepage of water through bricks • Use of locally available materials and recycled materials in the building reduces the embodied energy of the structure. As the site has been used as a dumping yard in the past, there is a lot of rock available which can be put to use for building — especially as landscape features and as other landscaping elements in pavements and curbs.

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INTER-CONNECTING BRIDGE The built masses are interconnected at various levels by bridges. These bridges span up to 50m and hence require a strong structuctural system.

Similar type of bridges are observed in Linked Hybrid a multi-use building in Beijing by Steven Hall Architects. The same structural system can hence be adopted.

Figure 79 BRIDGE SHOWING CONNECTIVITY

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Figure 78 BRIDGES

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S.W.O.T Analysis Strengths Site is located on flat land. This allows the building to be in rhythm with the surrounding.

Easily accessible from metro, MMTS as well as bus stop, thus promoting public transport.

Presence of important buildings in the precinct allows the project to function as a part of larger network.

Opportunities The location of the site is its most striking feature and can be utilised in the architectural expression as it is located on a corner plot. Giving full accessed view from outside The slope of the site is favourable for the creation of green spaces next to the road, where rain water run off can be collected.

Site has the potential to direct the kind of development that will come up in the future.

Corner plot allows for better connection with the movement systems around the site - better scope for creating a pedestrian edge.

Weaknesses As the land around is still underdeveloped, it is difficult to respond to the possible future developments.

Threats If the future development on adjoining plots does not go about as planned, the project may end being an island disconnected from the surroundings.

For the scheme to be a success, pedestrian paths and green net-works of the future projects should mingle with it. For better or worse, much of the project's impact on surroundings depends on the lies in store for the neighbouring plots.

Figure 80 swot analysis

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CONCEPT Forum, in Roman cities in antiquity, multipurpose, centrally located open area that was surrounded by public buildings and colonnades and that served as a Public gathering place...

DESIGNING SUCH PLACE WITH MAXIMUM facilities at one single place or self-sustained by sharing common facilities and resources like auditorium, conference hall Seminar hall, food court, parking etc. hence reducing cost of construction, material, and maintenance etc.

The aim is to design a user oriented built environment with is functional, comfortable and habitable.

Figure 82 ROMAN FOUM PLAN

Figure 81 INTERPREATING THE PLAN IN DESIGN

Nodes of activity and interaction at multiple Intersections and at various scales Place making elements giving human scale to Large open space like plaza for comfort (visual) Connection between these interaction nodes

Nodes are created in open and semi covered Spaces around functions like restaurants, Exhibition, food court, banquet hall and other Public facilities Landscape is the main source of connections between these building blocks The plaza is divided into two sections i.e. public and semi-public according to Its users Place making elements such as seating around trees, small water fountains And sculpture are used to give human Scale to large open spaces.

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Analysis and conclusions: Building orientation • Orient the buildings with longer axes in the east-west direction.

• The building with glazed curtain wall facing northwest shows CROSS SECTION a substantial reduction in load compared to southwest orientation

Figure 84

Figure 83

The west and north orientations are also better than the southwest direction. Location of sun w.r.t building orientationMaximum solar radiation during winters which is preferable as composite climate receives severe winters.

• East and West receive maximum solar radiation during summer. West is a crucial orientation because high intensity of solar radiation is received during summers, when the internal gains are also at its peak.

• Thus, attention needs to be paid while designing west facade and spaces behind west façade.

• Landscaping is an important element in altering the micro-climate of a place.

• Proper landscaping reduced direct sun from striking and heating up building surfaces.

• Planting deciduous trees on the southern side of a building is beneficial in a composite climate as they cut off direct sun during summer, and as these trees shed leaves

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In winter, they allow the sun to heat the building in winter which is suitable in composite climate.

• The use of dense trees and shrub plantings on the west and northwest sides of a building will block the summer setting sun.

• Natural cooling without air-conditioning can be enhanced by locating trees to channel south-easterly summer breezes.

Figure 85

Building form: The general design objectives are • Compactness: The building form controls the air flow pattern around the building directly affecting its airing. The greater the depth, higher is the need for artificial lighting.

Transmission gain from the building envelope as well as solar gain from windows are least in round geometry in comparison to other building geometries which is most energy efficient in composite climate.

• Use sheltering and buffering: In composite climate, the cover should be designed so that it remains shaded for the greater part of the day; the external walls should be so planned that they shade each other.

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Shaded envelopes: • Shading of roof through design like pergolas or plantation helps in reducing the happening direct solar energy on the roof surface. This in turn helps to reduce the air temperature of the roof and transfer gains in the space below.

• Shading of windows: Outside shading is the most effective ways of shading, as it cuts off direct sunlight during summer and allows winter sunlight to enter inside the space.

• For instance, on north alignment minimum or no shading is required. On South orientation external shades should be designed after learning the sun path.

• Shading devices on south orientation could be lasting in nature, as most part of the day, sun remains in south location. It is preferable to design moveable external shading devices on East and West facades, so that the shades could be removed after sun faces opposite orientation.

Figure 86

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BUBBLE DIAGRAM

Figure 88 BUBBLE DIAGRAM

Figure 87 FLOW CHART

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SITE ZONING Vertical zoning   

Public-ness of function Ease of vertical circulation Ease of servicing

Circulation (Vehicular) Figure 89 Vertical zoning

  

Periphery of the site Servicing requirement Drop-off for various functions

CIRCULATION (PEDESTRIAN)

   

Edge of road Natural form of site Adjacent surroundings Inter-relationship between buildings

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM   

Hierarchy of space Inter-relation between functional zone Type of connectivity

VOLUMETRIC DEPOSITION  

According to sun path and wind direction VIEWS

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BIBLOGRAPHY • Oldenburg, R., 1989, the great good place, Da Capo Press, Cambridge • Whyte, W., 1980, the social life of small urban spaces, Project for Public Spaces Inc., New York • Das, S. K., 2005, "Urban Square: The Effect of Architecture of Space on Social Interaction", School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi • Arieff, A., December 19 2011, "It's Time to Rethink 'Temporary"; The New York Times, viewed on February 4 2017, <https://opinionator. blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/19/its-time-torethink-temporary> • Jacobs, J., 1961, the death and life of great American cities, Random House, New York • Transit Oriented Development, viewed on February 22 2017, <www.tod.org> • Wagner, J., Watch, D., April 13 2017, "Innovation Spaces: The New Design of Work", Project for Public Spaces, viewed on March 10 2017, <https://www.pps.org/blog/innovationspaces-new-design-work> • Adler, D., 1970, Metric handbook: planning and design data, Architectural Press, Oxford • White, S., 1989, Building in the garden: architecture of Joseph Allen Stein in India and California, OUP, India • Frampton, K., Correa, C., 1984, Charles Correct, the Perennial Press, London • National Building Code of India, 2005 • Andhra Pradesh Building Bye Laws, HMDA, viewed on January 10 <www.hmda.gov.in/Gos/168.PDF>

2017, DROP OFF

Websites • www.google.com • www.hmda.gov.in • www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com • www.nytimes.com • www.humanspaces.com • www.pps.org • www.trulab.org • www.habitatworld.com • www.archdaily.com • www.dlfcyberhub.com • www.gaisma.com • www.wikipedia.com

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DRAWINGS

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MODEL

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