Growing Gladiolus
A Greenpress Publication.
Introduction to greenworks
1
Floriculture
Floriculture
Ă?Z
2.1
2.2
pure 2.3
2.4
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
R&D activities in Pakistan on Gladiolus Crop
1.1
2
1.2 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.6 Our Research Partners
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
3
Let’s Ask Questions ]!* ZŽÆ]ÑZÎë Z¼
W, Z6, ðZ Å Õ @»ÝzgÅ `gÎ
3.1
3.2
W, Z »]g ZwzgŠ‰zZ6, 6ZgzŠÆ`
110
5 cm
7.5 cm
10 cm
80
15 cm 70 60
12
15
20
25
c days
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
Understanding Gladiolus Bulbs
4
4.1
4.2
8,000
Quan ty ( Nos ) (Approx. / Box)
Bulb Size ( cm ) (Circumference CM) Quan ty ( Nos ) (Approx. / Box)
3cm
5cm
4cm 20,000
3,000
10,000
6cm 6,000
1,500
8cm
7cm 3,500
2,500
1,000
9cm 2,000
10cm 1,300
11cm 1,200
12cm 900
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
How they do in Holland?
5.1 Planting
5.4 Cutting
5.7
Drying
5.10
Filling
5.2
5.5
Beds
5.3 Growth
Harvesting
5.6
5.8 Storage
5.11 Packing
5
Washing
5.9 Treatment
5.12 Shipment
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
6
How we do in Pakistan? 5Ò¯~yÎ 0* iZ%Æ“ & »ÅåH G 6.1
6.4
Fungicide treatment
Making Ridges for Gladiolus
Labors are planting bulbs
6.6 Covering Bulbs
6.9
6.2
Bulblets Growth Stage
6.5
6.7 Flood irrigation system
6.10 Mesh Cover for Frost
6.3 Making Ridges for Bulblets
Making Beds for Drip Irrigation System
6.8 Drip Irrigation System
6.11
Ready to Harvest
6.12 Making Bundles
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
7
Cultivation Of Gladiolus In Different Areas Of Pakistan
CY
IT AGEN
NA:GILG
7.1
ER
YB
KH
A
HW
NK
TU
H AK
P
5%
AZAD and OCCUPIED AREAS JAMMU KASHMIR
10%
60%
15% PUNJAB
10%
Punjab Sindh KP Balochistan Kashmir
BALUCHISTAN
SINDH
7.2
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
s6, Z
MAY
& »Å â ¤ “ /Ìñ
JUN
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
ðÑŽ ~Z m ' , ÆZ
& »Å âuÌñ “
& »Å Ìñ “
& »ÅVZ “ % Ìñ
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
Flower Growing Stages
8
‘
‘
8.1
yŠ g Zz³%
10-20
15-30
20-40
30-40
20-40
10-20
25-50
45-90
75-130
95-170
A
B
C
D
E
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
Planting time
9
9.1
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
High C
21
23
30
33
40
45
42
38
35
30
29
25
Low C
1
6
12
19
28
33
30
29
26
18
13
3
Avg C
14
17
18
20
32
34
32
30
28
22
19
15
RH Avg %
76
70
65
60
55
65
80
85
75
65
75
80
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
Bed Preparation and Irrigation Methods
10.1
Drip Irrigation
x
x
80 cm 36 in
10.2
10
x
x
18 in
80 cm 36 in
55 cm 24 in
Flood Irrigation
x
x
50 cm 20 in
x
25 cm 10 in
x
18 in
50 cm 20 in
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
Fertilizers Application 5Ò¯ wEZ »VzŠ 3~ åH G
11
11.1
11.2
Stage - 1
Stage - 2
Stage - 3
Stage - 4
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
Storage Of Flowers
12
5Ò¯ iZ%Z ÆU»wYÆ åH G
Gladiolus Cutting Stages
12.1
12.2
1 0
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
2 2 0 0
12.3 Fresh 1
2
3
Storage Freshness Meter
4
5
6
7
8
9
Wilted 10
Days Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
One Flower Many Colors
13
73 %
10 08
13.1
%
%
05
%
04 %
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
14
Gladiolus Stocks Trend* In Pakistan Market
14.1
ÇD
MAX
MIN
Rs.
Rs.
04
AVG
Rs.
45
ĊÐ
18
ĊÇ ĊČ ĊĈ
ĊĆ ČE ČÐ
ČÐ ČĐ
ČĐ
ČÇ ČČ
ČÇ ČČ
ČČ
ČĎ
ČÇ
ČČ
ČÇ ČĈ
ČĆ ĈÐ ĈĎ ĈD
ĈÐ ĈĐ
ĈÐ
ĈĐ
ĈĎ ĈD
ĈÐ
ĈD
ĈD
ĈÇ
ĈĊ
ĈĊ
ĈČ
ĈČ
ĈĈ
ĈĆ Ð
ČĈ
ĈĎ ĈD ĈĊ
ĈČ
ČÇ
ČČ
ĈĊ ĈČ
ĈĈ
ĈĆ
ĈĆ
Ð
E
Ð
ĈĆ
Ð
Ð
E
E
Đ Ď Ç
Ď
Ď
Ď
Ç
Apr May Jun Jul AugSep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul AugSep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
*Two years market price data shows the average prices during said period in Lahore Sagian Flower Market.
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
15
Gladiolus diseases and disorders 5Ò¯ 2g ¬vŠgzZVc* g FÅwYÆ åH G
Bacterial diseases Scab (Burkholderia gladioli)
(a) Corm with scab (b) Grey spots on leaf.
c* Ù ïG E3½]
Xanthomonas campestris Leaf spots
a
15.1
b
15.2
15.3
Insects, Mites & Pests Thrips
:ê
(a)Corm with yellow thrip larvae and black adult thrips. (b)Leaf infestation by black thrips (c)Symptoms on the Flowers.
a
15.4
Red spider mites Tetranychus urtica
15.7
b
15.5
Caterpillars and corn borers ú»} zg Ñ
15.8
Bean Seed Fly (Delia platura)
15.9
c
15.6
Cutworms infestation
ð#eÎ
15.10
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
16
Gladiolus diseases and disorders 5Ò¯ 2g ¬vŠgzZVc* g FÅwYÆ åH G
Physiological disorders
Vc* g FŠÑ-‚ Û
]Z W, ZÆ} º
Frost damage Corm with blisters
Shoots with dead leaf tips and deformed growth
16.1
Nematodes
Heat damage
16.2
eIˆ
Infestation by Potato Rot Nematodes
16.3
Viruses
ú»k], Zz
Tobacco Rattle Virus infestation Brown or red-rimmed spots in the corm by CMV infestation
16.4
16.5
Phytoplasmas ‘Bushy plants’ an infection of aster yellows
16.6
Inner leaves turn yellow and the outer leaves remain green
16.7
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
17
Gladiolus diseases and disorders 5Ò¯ 2g ¬vŠgzZVc* g FÅwYÆ åH G
Fungus Dry Rot (Stromatinia gladioli)
^Zg ðZg e
Symptoms of Dry Rot (a) Withering plants (b) Sclerotia on a stem (c) Dark sunken spots on the corm
a
17.1
17.2
17.3
Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli)
Hard Rot (Septoria gladioli)
(a) Corms infected with Fusarium (b) Infected plants
a
17.4
Gladiolus Rust (Uromyces transversalis) Leaf showing symptoms of Gladiolus Rust
17.7
b
17.5
~g л
c
b
Root-knot ^zg nematode e I ˆ^ ** Root thickenings due to Meloidogyne nematode attack.
17.8
17.6
Crown Rot (Sclerotium) Shoot of iris showing symptoms of Sclerotium rolfsii
17.9
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
18
Gladiolus diseases and disorders 5Ò¯ 2g ¬vŠgzZVc* g FÅwYÆ åH G
Fungus QZg^1
Botrytis Blight (Botrytis gladiolorum) Corms exhibiting symptoms of Botrytis
QZg^1
Botrytis Blight (Botrytis gladiolorum) Foliage with symptoms of Botrytis: (a) Small spots on the leaf (b) Grey-brown spot with grey fungal weft
a
18.1
18.2
18.3
** v&»Vza % Root Rot (Pythium) (a) Roots with brown rot (b) Corm with a Pythium-infected root system
Penicillium Storage Rot Corms infected with Penicillium exhibiting a fungal weft
18.4
18.5
18.6
Rhizoctonia Disease (Rhizoctonia solani)
Curvularia Disease (Curvularia trifolii)
(a) Roots with brown rot (b) Tunics of a new corm (c) Underground leaf parts
a
18.7
~g FÅ *Íz^ ,Zg
~g FÅ c* g Ñz™
Corms with spots caused by Curvularia Disease
c
b
18.8
b
18.9
18.10
18.11
Growing Gladiolus in Pakistan
vol.3. 2018.01
0300 0300 699
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Growing Gladiolus Flowers in Pakistan