P.M Poultry Diseases 4th year series By Mohamed Mahmoud Salem gab AllahAssistant lecturer of pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Tukh; 13736 , Qalyuobia, EGYPT
GUMBORO 215. Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection in chickens manifested by inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, various degrees of nephrosonephritis and immunosuppression. Clinically the disease is seen only in chickens older than 3 weeks. The feathers around the vent are usually stained with faeces containing plenty of urates.
GUMBORO 216. The period of most apparent clinical symptoms and high death rate is at the age of 3 - 6 weeks. IBO could however be observed as long as chickens have a functioning bursa (up to the age of 16 weeks). In chickens younger than 3 weeks, IBO could be subclinical, but injured bursa leads to immunosuppression. Also, diarrhoea, anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, especially in the region of the head and the neck are present.
GUMBORO 217. A natural IBO infection is mostly observed in chickens. In turkeys and ducks it could occur subclinically, without immunosuppression. Most isolates of the IBO virus in turkeys are serologically different from those in chickens. In premises, once contaminated with the IBO virus, the disease tends to recur, usually as subclinical infection. The dead bodies are dehydrated, often with haemorrhages in the pectoral, thigh and abdominal muscles.
GUMBORO 218. The IBO virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the f irst symptoms appear 2 - 3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive . In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate.
GUMBORO 219. The IBD virus has a Iymphocidic effect and the most severe injuries are in the lymph follicles ofthe bursa of Fabricius. Most commonly, IBD begins as a serous bursitis.
GUMBORO 220, 221, 222. IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5 - 7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period.
GUMBORO 220, 221, 222. IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5 - 7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period.
GUMBORO 220, 221, 222. IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5 - 7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period.
GUMBORO 223, 224. In some cases, the bursa is filled with coagulated fibrinous exudate that usually forms casts with the shape of mucosal folds. In birds surviving the acute stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. Microscopically, an atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and dystrophic necrobiotic alterations.
GUMBORO 223, 224. In some cases, the bursa is filled with coagulated fibrinous exudate that usually forms casts with the shape of mucosal folds. In birds surviving the acute stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. Microscopically, an atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and dystrophic necrobiotic alterations.
GUMBORO 225. The kidneys are affected by a severe urate diathesis. In an acute outbreak and manifestation of the typical clinical signs, the diagnostics is not difficult. The diagnosis could be confirmed by detection of typical gross lesions throughout a pathoanatomical study. IBD should be differentiated from IBH (inclusion body hepatitis). The application of live vaccines in chickens is a key point in the prevention of IBD and should be related to the levels of maternal antibodies.
GUMBORO
ORGAN : Pelvic Cavity LESIONS : Bursal pathological changes SUSP.DIS.: IBD
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS. :
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS :
Pelvic Cavity Hemorrhagic bursitis & nephrosis Infectious bursal disease (IBD)
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS. :
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS. :
Pelvic cavity Purulent exudates in bursa IBD
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS. :
ORGAN : Bursa of Fabricuis LESIONS : Hemorrhagic bursitis SUSP.DIS.: IBD
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS. :
ORGAN : LESIONS : SUSP.DIS.:
Thigh muscle Hemorrhage IBD , CIA