HY PER LOOP
A transportation system that might change the way we think of mobility through vacuum technology.
760 MPH
HY PER LOOP
A transportation system that might change the way we think of mobility through vacuum technology.
760 MPH
CONTENTS
1 2 3 4 5
INTRODUCTION
00.06
WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
00.16
CAPSULE TYPE
00.24
3.1 Vehicle Capsule 3.2 Cargo Capsule 3.3 Passenger Capsule _Executive Meeting Capsule _Business Capsule _Coach Capsule
UNDERWATER HYPERLOOP
00.38
SPACE HYPERLOOP
00.50
What if I could go back to Thailand in 3 hours, or the Hyperloop could solve the problem of long distance relationships? Doesn’t it sound great? I live a long way from home. The future of speed transportation aims to make travel fast, efficient and affordable. Hyperloop is a conceptual high speed transportation system that would fling people and cargo across great distances.
INTRODUCTION
HYPERLOOP
08 — 09
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Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla Motors and founder of the private spaceflight company SpaceX
ELON REEVE MUSK
The Hyperloop in my opinion is the right solution for the specific case of high traffic city pairs that are less than about 1500 km or 900 miles apart. Around that inflection point, I suspect that supersonic air travel ends up being faster and cheaper. With a high enough altitude and the right geometry, the sonic boom noise on the ground would be no louder than current airliners, so that isn’t a showstopper. Also, a quiet supersonic plane immediately solves every long distance city pair without the need for a vast new worldwide infrastructure However, for a sub several hundred mile journey, having a supersonic plane is rather pointless, as you would spend almost all your time slowly ascending and descending and very little time at cruise speed. In order to go fast, you need to be at high altitude where the air density drops exponentially, as air at sea level becomes as thick as molasses (not literally, but you get the picture) as you approach sonic velocity.
“You could have about 70 pods between Los Angeles and San Francisco that leave every 30 seconds. It’s like getting a ride on Space Mountain at Disneyland.” —Elon Musk
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HYPERLOOP
WHY HYPERLOOP? Traffic on freeways is getting more and more congested, while gasoline cost continues to s kyrocket! Housing problems are plaguing nearly every major city. Air travel has only a slight advantage over driving, when traveling by car between cities that are within a four to six hour range of each other. Take off, landing and of course the incredibly time consuming process required by all airports prior to boarding, often takes up the majority of
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your travel time when commuting by plane.
A fast moving hyperloop has a high speed and covers a relatively large distance in a short amount of time.
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HYPERLOOP
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The underlying motive for a statewide mass transit system is a good one. It would be great to have an alternative to flying or driving, but obviously only if it is actually better than flying or driving. The train in question would be both slower, more expensive to operate and less safe by two orders of magnitude than flying, so why would anyone use it? If we are to make a massive investment in a new transportation system, then the return should by rights be equally massive. Compared to the alternatives,
it should ideally be safer, faster, lower cost, more convenient, immune to weather, sustainably self-powering, resistant to Earthquakes, not disruptive to those along the route
WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
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HYPERLOOP
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The Hyperloop Transportation System is an entirely new mode of transportation that eliminates all travel complications and objections due to cost, travel time and w eather conditions. Traveling as fast as the speed of sound, the Hyperloop will be faster than today’s conventional methods These reduced costs translate directly into cheaper ticket prices, therefore changing the
of transportation with 760 MPH. Completely self sufficient, solar panels way we travel and ultimately the way that we all get to live and enjoy our lives! With such
placed along the track produce excess amounts of the energy that is a ffordable fares, an individual could easily live in one city and work in another. This is not only
actually required to run the system. The climate controlled capsule a solution for affordable housing and corporate commute, but will also boost personal and
travels inside of a reinforced ‘tube’ pathway, r endering the Hyperloop social lives as well as economical development. Existing conventional modes of transportation
Transportation System weather independent and e arthquake safe thanks of people consists of four unique types: rail, road, water, and air. These modes of transport
to the use of pylons. The construction costs are much lower than any tend to be either relatively slow (e.g., road and water), expensive (e.g., air), or a combination
existing, and proposed railway projects. It utilizes existing infrastrucof relatively slow and expensive (i.e., rail). Hyperloop is a new mode of transport that seeks
ture thanks to the use of these pylons and has reduced land acquisition to change this paradigm by being both fast and inexpensive for people and goods.
costs as well.
20 — 21
Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a cushion HYPERLOOP
of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each capsule. Passengers may enter and ex it Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length. The capsules leave on average every 2 minutes from each terminal carrying 28 people each (as often as every 30 seconds during rush hour and less frequently at night). This gives a total of 7.4 million people per tube that can be
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transported each year on Hyperloop.
How fast is hyperloop?
As technology has advance in the past few centuries, people has been able to get from place to place more quickly. Here is how some historical and modern modes of getting around compare in terms of travel time from San Francisco to Los Angeles.
MPH 1,400
Concorde Supersonic Jet 1,350 mph / 16 minutes
1,200
Hyperloop 760 mph / 28 minutes
Airplane 570 mph / 37 minutes
1,000
Maglev Train 500 mph / 42 minutes
Automobile 55 mph / 6.4 hours
Steam Train 800
40 mph / 8.75 hours
Sailing Ship 5 mph / 5 days
Stagecoach 5 mph / 5 days 600
Walking 3 mph / 8.3 days
400
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CAPSULE TYPE
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HYPERLOOP
VEHICLE CAPSULE The Vehicle Capsules are always the closest to the front of the Sled. They are loaded on the second platform and need to be connected to be able to drive through to the last loaded capsule. For safety, in the event of a sudden stop, the vehicles are situated in front of, and not behind the passengers.
CARGO CAPSULE The Cargo Capsules follow the Vehicle Capsules and can be loaded on both the first and second platform. It is conceivable these could also be refrigerated or configured for specialty needs, like animal travel. The Cargo Capsules do not necessarily have a pass-through, but instead have a large door opening for automated loading. For safety, in the event of a sudden stop, the Cargo Capsules are situated in front of, and not
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behind the passengers.
HYPERLOOP
28 — 29
PASSENGER CAPSULE All of the Passenger Capsules are placed towards the rear of the Hyperloop. Passengers board and disembark through Level Two. The capsules are open one to another, the passengers can visit the restroom located in the rear compartment.
Each Passenger Capsule has a front pantry area with an emergency exit door, which doubles as a supply loading container. They are typically switched out at each destination. There is also an
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attendant jump-seat in the pantry area.
TRIPSCENES All of the Passenger Capsules utilize digital wall screens, called Tripscenes, to create a feeling of openness during travel. These screens have several different images displayed, in sync with travel, to help users forget the fact they are traveling in a windowless tube. Tripscenes can include clouds, pastures, even outer space and underwater scenes. Because they are digital, they can also display route and trip information, along with other digital data.
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// Executive Meeting Capsule The Executive Meeting Capsule holds 8 passengers, facing each other. There is a fold-away table between seats that houses projection displays. Chairs are fully automated with the ability to recline to sleeping position without bothering the passenger across from you.
// Business Capsule The Business Work Capsule services 8 passengers, and contains private working areas, called Pods. The Tripscene display curves in front of the passenger providing for a working display and slide-out keyboard to do work or watch a movie. The seat rotates outward so access is easier. A cursor eye-tracking and motion sensing device sits above the display, and can parallax-correct the Tripscene visuals for when a passenger’s head or eyes move, thus creating an augmented reality. The Tripscene can be synced with outside cameras to provide a view of the outside landscape. If desired, the Tripscene can also provide route and trip information, along with other digital data. A storage compartment is located above each Pod.
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// Coach Capsule The Coach Capsule holds 15 passengers. Leg room and seat spacing is significantly greater than air travel. Each seat back HYPERLOOP
has a wireless flip keyboard tray and includes a tablet mount. Storage compartments are located above the seats.
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“From trains to cars to airplanes, there’s always been a certain romance associated with modern travel.” —Mark Rolston
CAPSULE JUKEBOX MOVER
CARGO
EMERGENCY EXIT / SUPPLIES CONTAINER
ENTRANCE TO HYPERLOOP
PASSENGER WAITING AREA
EXIT TO DIFFERENT DESTINATION
LEVEL 2: PASSENGER AND CARGO TERMINAL
WHAT DOES THE HYPERLOOP LOOK LIKE? The entire high-speed tube Hyperloop system, will be designed to carry vehicles and cargo as well as human commuters, with separate areas for each. Riders can choose between the coach capsule, business work capsule, and a fancier eight person executive meeting capsule, which is intended to be reserved for business meetings or anytime travelers want a posher, more private highspeed travel experience.
EMPT Y SLED
TURNTABLE ROTATES FOR QUICK TURNAROUND
LEVEL 1: TURNTABLE
UNDERWATER HYPERLOOP
Planet earth, seventy percent of the Earth surface is water. From time immemorial, sea has been a mighty barrier separating people in the world. Over time transoceanic travel has been master but it is still not without difficulties. In the not too distant future, there may be a radical new way to cross the oceans. One that will forever transform life as we know it. More than 3,000 miles of ocean separate the old world from the new. The Underwater Hyperloop would be the most massive construct ion project in human history. Requiring global resources on a scale never before imagined, one billion tons of steel, over 50,000 tunnel sect ions, each wing thousands of tons. Sixty million people across the Atlantic every year. Most of them f ly, and it still takes a part of the day. The Underwater Hyperloop would shrink that trip to less than an hour. One could easily live on one side, and work on the other. Travelling can be a pain in the ass, having to sit for hours while f idget ing and progressively gett ing more and more bored. It can especially be a drag if it’s a journey you do repeatedly like a commute. Maybe a long tube across the Atlantic would be able to travel around the world in just six hours. The Underwater Hyperloop is a neutrally buoyant vacuum tunnel submerged 150 to 300 feet beneath the Atlant ic’s surface and anchored to the seaf loor, through which zips a magnetically levitated train at up to 4,000 mph. The idea is as wondrous as it is audacious: Get on a train at New York City’s Penn Station and hit Paris, London or Brussels just an hour later. From an engineering point of view there are no serious stumbling blocks.
HYPERLOOP
42 — 43
The tunnel system that would most likely work the best is a submerged, floating tunnel that would float approximately 150 feet below the water surface. The tunnel would use the same buoyancy technology that is currently used on submarines that allow them to descend and ascend. In order to make sure the tunnel doesn’t f loat away, it would be kept in place with platforms very similar to offshore oil rigs. Tethers attached to the platform and tunnel would be anchored to the ocean f loor using suct ioning power. The tethers would allow the tunnel to move back and forth but not much. According to the “Extreme Engineering” episode on the transatlantic tunnel, which is the primary source for most of the information in this article, the tunnel would consist of 54,000 individually prefabricated sections that each have an outer skin of stainless steel. Directly beneath this outer layer is one of super buoyant foam, followed by another layer of steel. The tunnel would be big to have separate eastbound and westbound tracks, as well as
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auxiliary tracks and service tubes above and below the tracks.
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The only trains that would be allowed are electric. Since there would be no way to install an effective venting system diesel trains would not be permitted inside the tunnel. In order to reach the ambitious speeds that scientists believe are possible, the trains would have to be 20 times faster than the fastest trains currently in existence. Due to the friction most typical trains encounter when going over tracks, they would never generate enough speed to make travel through the transatlantic tunnel feasible. Instead, the most likely system would be one very similar to the evacuated tube transport Elon Musk introduced using Magnet ic Lev itat ion technology. Magnet ic forces would guide the train through the tunnel as it glides several inches above a rail or track. All of the air would be vacuumed from the inside of the tunnel, severely reducing any possible air resistance, and large fans would be used to propel the train. One would imagine that by accelerat ing and decelerat ing from 5,000 mph in the span of one hour would probably generate some strong and potentially dangerous G-forces; however, the trains would employ controlled gradual accelerat ion so passengers wouldn’t feel the G-Forces or any shaking.
“A 4,000 mph magnetically levitated train could allow you to have lunch in Manhattan and still get to London in time for the theater, despite the 5 hour time difference.�
SPACE HYPERLOOP
In an era of peak oil, peak food, peak water, we are increas-
In addition to the obvious green benefits of space solar
ingly faced with the realization that our world can no longer
power and off-world extraction of natural resources, space
supply the raw materials and ecosystem services necessary
provides a safe place for heavy industry. The byproducts
to permit further population growth and prevent irreparable
of our civilization are quickly making our planet uninhabitable.
damage to the biosphere. If human populations and economies
Despite the overwhelming evidence that we are changing the
are to have any hope of avoiding a permanent crash in the fu-
very climate we need to survive, we seem unwilling or incapa-
ture, we must start the space era now. The resources of our
ble of making necessary changes to our economic model if it
own solar system are vast. The energy from the Sun hitting
even remotely threatens a loss of economic prosperity. Conse-
our small planet every day is roughly 10,000 times our current
quently, pollution of our atmosphere, oceans, groundwater is
energy needs. The raw materials locked up in asteroids and
a fact of life in our industrial societies. The problem is especially
comets could support economic growth for millennia to come.
severe in countries which are racing to raise their citizens out of poverty. Due to the vastness of space, however, space-based industry could safely provide economic prosperity for people on Earth, and beyond, without poisoning the environment we live in.
As long as we remain solely on Earth, humanity is in constant
throughout history. The act of venturing out into the unknown,
danger of being snuffed out of existence. Whether it be by
either for science or fortune, has always enthralled us and
asteroid, or nuclear war, or global pandemic, the sum achieve-
inspired new generations to search even further afield. In a
ments and knowledge of our species could be erased in the
very real sense, we have lost our identity as explorers here
blink of an eye. The colonization of space is an insurance policy
on Earth. There is no more frontier on Earth. Reaching for
against catastrophe. What a terrible waste it would be if
space can reinvigorate us as a species.
our civilization was extinguished just at the moment when we were about to reach for the stars. Ever since the first humans left Africa, we have been
People have sought out new lands to escape war, tyranny or oppression throughout history. As was written in the Declaration of Independence, we are all granted the
wanderers and explorers. Exploration is the root of many of
inalienable rights of Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of
our myths and legends, and explorers have been our heros
Happiness. It becomes more difficult to uphold these rights on Earth as societies scramble and compete for dwindling resources. Space, with its vastness and vast resources offers a lasting chance to secure these inalienable rights for future generations.
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Space Hyperloop is magnetically levitated and propelled in an evacuated acceleration tunnel at ground level using the superconducting maglev system for transport of passengers and freight. Magnetic levitation could help launch spacecraft into orbit using magnets to accelerate a vehicle along a track. Just as high-strength magnets lift and propel high-speed trains and roller coasters above a guideway, a maglev launch assist system would electromagnetically drive a space vehicle along a track. The magnet ically lev itated spacecraf t would be accelerated at speeds up to 600 mph and then shift to rocket engines for launch to orbit.
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Two types of Space Hyperloop systems are possible. Gen-1, the f irst generat ion system, is a high g cargo launch system. After reaching orbital speed, the Gen-1 cargo vehicle leaves the acceleration tunnel at a high altitude, still at ground level. The vehicle then coasts up to orbit through the remaining atmosphere, experiencing strong but manageable aerodynamic heating and deceleration forces. Due to the low energy cost per kilogram, large amounts of protective coatings and coolants for the cargo craft do not significantly increase launch cost. The second generation Space Hyperloop system, the Gen-2, launches both passengers and cargo. Gen-2 spacecraft accelerate at only 2 to 3 g instead of 20 to 30 g for Gen-1, in a longer acceleration tunnel. To avoid the high aerodynamic heat ing and decelerat ion forces experienced by Gen-1 cargo craft, the Gen-2 spacecraft transitions from its ground level evacuated accelerat ion tunnel into an evacuated magnet ically levitated launch tube that ascends to very high altitude, e.g., 20 km (65,000 feet), where it enters the atmosphere. At this altitude, air density
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PHOTO CREDITS
STATEMENT
CAPSULE TYPE
SPACE HYPERLOOP
P4
diariodetrasosmontes.com
P24
hyperlooptech.com
P50
voice-wilderness.org
tavtrilhos.com
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hyperlooptech.com
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primeportal.net
railb2b.com
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cgtrader.com
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faz-r.deviantart.com
universetoday.com
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janni3d.com
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startram.com
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beforeitsnews.com
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startram.com
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lockerdome.com
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cliqist.com
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nps.gov
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universetoday.com
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feelgrafix.com
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argodesign.com
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argodesign.com
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INTRODUCTION
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techmeetsbusiness.com
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bakersfieldobserved.com
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deloitte.com
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flickminute.com
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argodesign.com
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nextleg.com
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inspiredshelives.com
UNDERWATER HYPERLOOP P38
WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
hyperlooptech.com
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hyperlooptech.com
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flickr.com
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tracks.lionel.com
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oceandefenders.org
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hyperlooptech.com
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onlinecolleges.net
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featheragency.com
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commons.wikimedia.org
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techinsider.io
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emaze.com wallpaperup.com warchild13.com
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HYPERLOOP
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DESIGNER: TYPEFACES:
Salila Toraktrakul Neue Haas Unica Pro (titles & subtitles) Foundry Gridnik (body text)
PRINTING & BINDING: PAPER: SOFTWARE:
Salila Toraktrakul Staples IndesignCC, IllustratorCC, PhotoshopCC, and LightroomCC This book was created as part of a project for Academy of Art University 79 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California School of Graphic Design GR601 Type Systems // Spring 2016 Instructor // David Hake
Salila Toraktrakul GR601 Type systems // Spring 2016