3.4 Site Guidelines

The Site Guidelines respond directly to specific wants and needs from the community and additional programmatic elements and site considerations proposed by the authors. The overall block organization, as well as individual buildings and open spaces between buildings, SHOULD be designed using traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and designed around social connections – porches, terraces, rooftops and building forms that support social life and connection; a range of scale of spaces for a variety of activities; glimpses of life within (HAWGWR, 2017).

3.4.1 Resources/Services

3.4.1.1 Hours of Operation

This site MUST remain open 24/7, 365 (366 on leap years) to the public.

3.4.1.2 More Transit

The so-called city of Vancouver COULD provide an additional service stop at Union and Main St. for buses 3, 8, 19, 22, N8, and N19.

+ The site COULD include a bike lane, or shaw-go bike rental area, bike storage container.

Figure 57: ‘Laundry Hanging on a Clothesline’, Digital Photograph by Samantha Miller, September 10, 2021. SITE GUIDELINES

3.4.1.3 Safe Consumption & Needle Exchange

Current drug use onsite, and lack of resources within reason require the development of a safe consumption & needle exchange site to help those fighting with addiction and mental health in the area. In the DTES, the safe-injection site, Insite, reported regular clients were 30% more likely to enter addiction treatment, and there have been 6400 death-free overdoses and 48,000 clinical treatment visits with no increase in drug use or crime (Chen, 2017).

+ This facility COULD have the capacity for at least 15 injection stalls and room for 30 people. This number is based on Insites in Vancouver’s DTES.

Insites saw an average of 312 injection room visits per day, totalling 170,731 visits in 2019 (Vancouver Coastal Health, 2019). Insites has 12 injection stalls, which would mean that each booth saw around 3 individuals per hour over 8 hours. By this logic, the safe injection site proposed could see around 360 people per day. + The facility SHOULD provide mental health services such as addiction specialists and counsellors and maintain a direct relationship with the community cultural centre and nearby medical centres.

Figure 58: ‘Interpretive Signage, from the Brokenhead Wetland Interpretive Trail’ on the Brokenhead Wetland Ecological Reserve on the traditional territory of the Ojibway Nation. Digital Photograph by Samantha Miller, September 28, 2018.

3.4.1.4 Accessible Signage

The site MUST provide signage in multiple languages, with Indigenous place names, and in braille.

3.4.1.5 Labour/Jobs

The site MUST aid in the creation of new jobs and increase the quality of jobs available to community members.

+ Land Stewards COULD allocate a percentage of income toward wage and rent subsidies and hiring bonuses for small businesses. + Based on community needs, this guideline will need to be further developed with MST Land Corporation, Hogan’s Alley Society, and local governments for the purpose of acquiring funds. Local governments will

have no authority over the implementation of this guideline.

+ Local BIPOC community members SHOULD be given consideration for employment opportunities first and COULD be employed in this site’s construction and development process. + Childcare SHOULD be free of charge to ensure all parents have the same employment opportunities.

Figure 59: Digital Rendering of Bustling Streetscape from the Livernois Revitalization Project in Detroit, MI, 2019. (https://detroitmi.gov/sites/ detroitmi.localhost/files/2018-05/Livernois-Revitalization.jpg) SITE GUIDELINES

3.4.2 Health + Safety

3.4.2.1 Exterior Lighting

The site design SHOULD follow the guidelines set out by the Guidelines and Specifications for Outdoor Lighting at Parks Canada report and the Canadian Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting Report.

+ The site COULD have adequate lighting in open or covered spaces no less than 60 lumens and should be ‘Dark Sky Friendly.’ + This COULD include using Full Cut-Off light fixtures that reduce energy consumption, glare, and light pollution. + This COULD include light fixtures pole heights shorter than the tree canopies to reduce additional glare. + This COULD include light colours on the red spectrum rather than blue spectrum to reduce possible vision degradation of animals.

Figure 60: Digital Perspective Drawing of Nightlife and Performance Space by Nicole Dulong, 2021. SITE GUIDELINES

Figure 61: Digital Perspective Drawing of Folks Sitting on a Bench Under a Tree by Nicole Dulong, 2021.

3.4.2.2 Elemental Protection

+ The site SHOULD provide both natural and constructed methods of providing shade from the sun and protection from rain. + This COULD include shade trees, canopies, or awnings. + Examples of native shade trees include Garry Oak (Quercus garryana), Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum), Oregon Ash (Fraxinus latifolia), Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata), and Indian Plum (Oemleria cerasiformis).

Figure 62: Digital Section Drawing of Streetscape with Planting Filtering Air by Samantha Miller, 2021.

3.4.2.3 Outdoor Air Quality

+ Outdoor air quality SHOULD be less than or equal to 20 parts per billion for the one-hour Nitrogen Dioxide CAAQS (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, n.d.). + This COULD be done by planting at least one tree for every tree removed during demolition, 50 trees to memorialize each of the houses destroyed by the Viaducts (Refer to Section 3.4.3.6 Honouring History), and at least 25 additional trees to compensate for those that would be removed in the process of demolishing the viaduct.

3.4.2.4 Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality of all architectural interventions MUST demonstrate high standards and be compliant with policies set out in the Living Building Challenge v4.0.

+ Building entries SHOULD reduce the tracking of particles from the exterior to the interior such as a vestibule. + Buildings SHOULD have operable windows and the option to naturally ventilate. + This MUST be done using NO VOC materials. Selections SHOULD be in compliance with the CDPH Standard Method v11-2010 (or international equivalent). + This COULD be accomplished through sustainable construction methods and materials that often resemble traditional building techniques of Black and Indigenous communities. + Examples of NO VOC finishes often use naturally occurring and minimally processed ingredients that are entirely free of petrochemical products, such as clay plaster, lime plaster, tadelakt, rammed earth, lime paint or casein paint, wood sealed with linseed or tung oil, stone, earthen flooring, linoleum, cork, bamboo, and various others.

Figure 63: ‘Pumpkin Ridge Passive House Wall Assembly’, Hammer & Hand, 2013. (https://hammerandhand.com/portfolio/pumpkin-ridgepassive-house/wall-assembly-2/) SITE GUIDELINES

Figure 64: ‘Bamboo’, (https://elemental.green/the-prosand-cons-of-bamboo-in-green-building/)

Figure 67: ‘Mineral Wool’, (https://www.airproducts.com/ applications/mineral-wool-rockwool-production) Figure 65: ‘Blown-In Cellulose’, (https://fredfcollis.com/service/ blown-cellulose-insulation)

Figure 68: ‘Hemp Panels’, (https://materialdistrict.com/ material/hemp-panels/) Figure 66: ‘Cork’, (https://www.123rf.com/photo_5632420_ texture-of-the-cork-material.html)

Figure 69: ‘Wood Fibre’, (https://www.bvb-substrates.nl/us/ references-and-support/bvb-wood-fibre-for-growing-media/)

3.4.2.5 Material Selection

New developments MUST use sustainable building materials, SHOULD utilize plant-based materials with carbon storage properties wherever possible, and SHOULD strive for net-zero emissions.

+ This COULD include materials such as wood, wood fibre, hemp, bamboo, straw, dense-pack cellulose, mineral wool, and cork. + Examples of such structures built at the mid-level rise and commercialscale include the Jules Ferry Apartment Complex in Saint-Die-des-Vosges,

France (Builders for Climate Action, 2019) and the Mahonia Mixed-Use

Building, Oregon, designed by Arkin Tilt Architects (Mahonia, 2021). + Any timber or resources used on-site MUST be sustainably harvested and contractors SHOULD allow for MST ceremony to occur prior to being erected or used on site. For example, Indian Community School by studio:Indigenous. + If the developments in question hope to attain a sustainability certification status, it is recommended they strive for Living Building

Challenge or WELL Building status, far surpassing the rather futile environmental efforts of LEED, Passive House, and Energy Star certifications.

SITE GUIDELINES Figure 70: Housing typology for non-nuclear/multi-generational living by Samantha Miller, 2021.

3.4.2.6 Healthy Multi-Generational Housing

Due to climate change, the rate of disease emergence from animal reservoirs triples the chance of a severe pandemic occurring again in the coming decades (Marani et al., 2021). In addition, evidence suggests that social infrastructure, demographics, access to services, and multi-generational living are among the list of most significant factors that increase the severity and impact of a pandemic (UN-Habitat, 2021).

+ The site design SHOULD include housing that better protects vulnerable communities, keeping them healthy and safe. + This SHOULD include considerations for multi-generational living, such as multiple bedrooms of the same size to reduce a hierarchy of sleeping spaces. + Preparing and feasting areas COULD be designed to have adequate room for socializing and contribution. This COULD include a large centre ‘island’ and open concepts. + This COULD include multiple public spaces within the building, both indoor and outdoor (such as a courtyard), to encourage engagement and communal living. + Housing buildings COULD be designed with a focus on cross ventilation. + Housing buildings COULD offer public work-from-home spaces with exceptional ventilation, natural lighting, adjustable desks, and gender-neutral washrooms. + There COULD be provision for mental and physical health resources within mixed-use buildings. In the event of a severe pandemic, there COULD be a unit reserved for livein medical professionals. + Housing buildings COULD include a community garden area and a water cistern in case of emergencies. + Auxiliary structures COULD be used for emergency housing to provide shelter to those currently experiencing houselessness.

3.4.3 Community

3.4.3.1 Community Cultural Centre

The site SHOULD provide indoor cultural and recreational space such as a community cultural centre serving the Black, Indigenous, Chinese, Jewish, Italian, and other community members. The centre SHOULD include a gallery, performance, gathering, and multifunctional space, including but not limited to open space for music, dance, and celebration, outdoor dining associated with a community kitchen, and rooftop gardens.

+ This facility MUST engage with local community artists for indoor and outdoor gallery installations and plan for more extensive, park-wide installations. + This facility COULD provide indoor and outdoor formal and informal gathering spaces. + This facility COULD reach outward with sheltered gathering - a ‘front porch’. + Community centre including programming for daycare, counsellors, career coaching, a place for at-risk youth, youth programs, etc. + The community centre COULD house programs like mental health and addiction services, youth and senior care and engagement, and provide low-barrier connections to existing resources within the area.

For examples, a free-of-charge charter or bus service, landlines to access mental health hotlines, and assistance in finding a family physician.

Figure 71: ‘Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre’ Iin Whistler by Ratio and Alfred Waugh (https://www.naturallywood.com/wp-content/ uploads/2020/08/Squamish_Lilwat_Cultural_Centre_Michael-Bednar-naturallywood-4.jpg) SITE GUIDELINES

Figure 72: Digital Rendering of Atwater Beach Project, Detroit, MI. (https://detroit.curbed.com/2019/4/9/18301921/city-neighborhoodframework-plans-detroit-planning-department)

3.4.3.2 Space to Cook and Gather

The site SHOULD provide outdoor areas that have food preparation and cooking stations for public meals and large group or family gatherings.

+ This COULD include public BBQs, fires, or wood-burning pizza ovens. + This space SHOULD be large enough to host many community members at once, and should be designed with informal seating to encourage gathering. + This space COULD allow for a large dining table for multi-generational family meals or community meals. + The space SHOULD accommodate enough space for local and BIPOC vendors to sell their products in an informal setting, or to cater events.

Figure 73: Digital Rendering of Water Play Space for Ralph C. Wilson Jr. Centennial Park in Detroit, MI, by Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates Inc., 2018-Ongoing, (https://www.mvvainc.com/project.php?id=121)

3.4.3.3 Space to play

The site SHOULD provide outdoor recreational space accessible to people of all ages and physical and mental abilities.

+ The site SHOULD include a children’s playground that promotes learning, material exploration, and adventure, such as risky play. + The site COULD include adequate seating for adults to monitor children, gather and foster community. This seating area SHOULD be comfortable, shaded and enclosed by sensory planting. + The site COULD include a reflexology path for lowering blood pressure and improving balance and overall health in individuals over 60. + The site COULD include play features that celebrate natural elements such as waterscapes.

Figure 74: Digital Photo of Ron Finley in his Community Garden by Elizabeth Weinberg, 2016. (https://thegreatdiscontent.com/interview/ ron-finley)

3.4.3.4 Community Garden

Whitney Barr has been studying ways to use design intervention to reconnect Black Americans to the soil in a healing way. With an “integrative awareness”, Barr suggests the re-education of Black Americans about West African food approaches because “regenerative agriculture and cultural regeneration go hand in hand” (Green, 2020).

+ The site COULD provide space for a community garden that can accommodate many new community members if multiple new housing buildings are proposed. + Community Garden COULD integrate a composting program for waste accumulated on-site, in the greater area, and from public cooking/ gathering spaces.

Figure 75: ‘Your Uncertain Shadow’ by Olafur Eliasson, 2010. https://olafureliasson.net/archive/artwork/WEK100100/your-uncertainshadow-colour

3.4.3.5 Ongoing Engagement

The site Stewards MUST actively engage with the local community to ensure that all cultures are represented.

+ Site Stewards MUST engage with local artists to support community engagement through public art. + The site COULD provide a ‘chalk-walk’ to allow the community to create their own drawn spaces regardless of age or ability.

Figure 76: Digital Perspective Drawing of Railway Porter’s Commemoration by Nicole Dulong, 2021.

3.4.3.6 Honouring History

The site MUST honour the legacies of those who were erased from this site and those who still reside, including but not limited to the xwmwθkəyəm (Musqueam), Sḵwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səlílwətaʔ/Selilwitulh (TsleilWaututh), Black, Chinese, Jewish, and Italian communities in immaterial and material ways.

+ The site COULD incorporate commemorative signage of the stories told from Hogan’s Alley. + The site COULD use digital media and other forms of storey projection on surfaces, including the viaducts, until their removal. + The site COULD plant a bosque of trees for every home that was destroyed to construct the viaducts. + The site COULD commemorate the legacy of the porters through subtle design features.

Figure 77: Digital Perspective Drawing of Tree Bosque by Nicole Dulong, 2021. SITE GUIDELINES

3.4.4 Form Making

3.4.4.1 Embracing Forms

Landscape and architectural interventions COULD be designed and constructed using embracing forms that ‘hug’ the community.

+ This COULD include a welcome area dedicated to Indigenous protocol and ceremony. + This COULD include the design of interior units that reject/shift standards from eurocentric, nuclear family orientation to intergenerational, matriarchal, village, and community-focused spaces. + This COULD include gathering spaces led into and enclosed by trees on one or both sides while still keeping an open sightline for views and security. + This COULD include the sequential widening and narrowing of pathways to provide different experiences. + The site COULD daylight the lost river with a wetland in the close vicinity.

Figure 78: The Indigenous Peoples Garden, Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg MB, by HTFC Planning and Design in consultation with Cheyenne and David Thomas (Peguys First Nation), 2020 SITE GUIDELINES

Figure 79: Digital Perspective Drawing of Raised Pathway by Nicole Dulong, 2021.

3.4.4.2 Pathways

Site circulation MUST be accessible with slopes no steeper than 5% with preferences for slopes less than or equal to 2%, and provide levelled rest areas along the path.

+ The site COULD use linear paths strategically for quicker access to important locations. + The site COULD use informal winding paths strategically for leisure walks. + The site COULD use berms for winding and linear paths strategically for moments of privacy and comfort; refer to section 3.4.4.1 Embracing Forms.

Figure 80: ‘Gathering Sukkah’, by Dale Suttle, So Sugita, and Ginna Nguyen, 2010. Photograph by Nephi Niven, 2010. (https://www. sixthandi.org/event/gathering-sukkah/) Figure 81: ‘Awen’ Gathering Space’, in Collingwood, ON, by Brook McIlroy, 2018. (https://brookmcilroy.com/projects/awen-gatheringplace/)

3.4.4.3 Cultural Structures

The site SHOULD provide different cultural structures within the park grounds to accommodate different cultures and celebrations. Future designers SHOULD consult community members to identify other cultural structures to ensure all members have the space to celebrate their heritage and feel welcomed and accepted.

+ The site COULD provide a Sukkah for the Jewish community to celebrate

Sukkot and be used outside of Sukkot as a shade structure. + Winter holidays COULD include decorations for ALL holidays observed by community members, including but not limited to Christmas trees;

Hanukkiahs for Hannukah; and fruits, vegetables, and Kinaras for Kwanzaa. + The site SHOULD provide adequate space for the celebrations and holidays such as the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year to facilitate activities such as the Dragon Dance, Dragon Boating, and lantern lighting.

Figure 82: L’dor V’dor Mezuzah, Windthrow, n.d. Accessed December 5, 2021 from https://www.windthrow.com/ windthrow-collection/p/ldor-vdor-mezuzah

3.4.4.4 Cultural and Religious Objects

The site COULD provide cultural and religious objects where appropriate. In addition, the Stewards SHOULD reach out as part of 3.4.3.5 Ongoing Engagement to include all cultures within the design. Future designers SHOULD consult community members to identify other cultural objects that would ensure all members feel celebrated, welcomed and accepted.

+ The site COULD include mezuzahs affixed to the right side at the bottom of the top third of doorposts or arches/entries for the Jewish community.

The mezuzahs MUST contain a small scroll inside with the words of the

Shema prayer. The mezuzahs can be oriented on a slight slant with the top pointed toward the space in which one is entering. + The site COULD include objects of Chinese significance such as Mystic

Knots and Laughing Buddha.

Figure 83: Digital Perspective Drawing of Narrow Alleys by Nicole Dulong, 2021.

3.4.4.5 Narrow Alleys

The site SHOULD provide narrower ‘alley’ like lanes in between newly constructed housing to encourage comfortability in informal backyard businesses and to pay homage to the former importance of laneways.

+ Existing alleys and homes COULD be provided with design support and funding to invigorate the alleyways in ways that reintroduce the cultural vibrancy that once was. + This COULD include cooking supplies and equipment, seating, different fencing, musical and art materials and supplies, AV equipment, lighting, planting and garden support, and labour. + Policy COULD allow for informal businesses, gathering, and musical acts to be reintroduced to alley communities. + Reintroducing vibrant narrow alleys COULD stimulate circulation and connectivity between residents by using lower fences or partial screening.

Figure 84: Excerpt of porches from housing typology for non-nuclear/multi-generational living by Samantha Miller, 2021.

3.4.4.6 Porch Typologies

Developments SHOULD incorporate various styles or versions of a porch typology to ensure residents have an outdoor space and to connect them with their neighbours.

+ Developments COULD incorporate a porch at grade. + Developments COULD incorporate balconies when not at grade.

Figure 85: Digital Perspective Drawing of Raised Pathway at Split of Double Headed Serpent by Nicole Dulong, 2021.

3.4.4.7 Defying Gravity

The site COULD seek ways in which design can defy gravity in immaterial and material ways.

+ The site COULD create a vertical garden. + The site COULD create a raised walkway to subvert the presence of the viaducts while connecting community members with the site. + The site COULD include a view structure (refer to Section 3.4.4.9 View

Structure) or lookout point.

Figure 86: ‘Nelson Skatepark’ in Nelson, BC by New Line Skateparks. (http://www.newlineskateparks.com/project/nelson-skatepark/)

3.4.4.8 Future Skatepark

The skate community has identified several criteria for the replacement park and is adamant they be addressed fully.

+ The site SHOULD honour its promises to the skate community. + The site COULD double as an engineering department partnership and be designed in such a way that it acts as a flood attenuation and water storage space in the event of neighbourhood flooding.

Figure 87: ‘Canadian Museum for Human Rights’ in Winnipeg, MB, by Antoine Predock, Architecture49, and Scatliff+Miller+Murray, 2014. (https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/CMHR-begins-ad-campaign-as-opening-nears-262907211.html)

3.4.4.9 View Structure

The so-called city of Vancouver has designated ‘protected views’ that limit building height to preserve precious mountain views. Many of these view cones cross over the Hogan’s Alley site. The site design COULD include a structure that purposefully disrupts these views.

+ This COULD be in the form of a tall sculpture or tower that stands out in the skyline. This may aid in place-making and can be a signature of the

Hogan’s Alley community and history. + The structure may attract tourism and can include an internal elevator to the top where vast views of the surroundings can be achieved.

3.4.4.10 Trauma-Informed Design

Future designers MUST work to integrate trauma-informed design practices into their principles.

+ The site SHOULD minimize wide-open spaces as those types of spaces make BIPOC community members feel uncomfortable, watched, and unwelcomed. + The site COULD include a safe-space for individuals who experience panic and anxiety attacks to separate themselves and calm themselves if needed. + This COULD be in the form of an enclosed or semi-enclosed outdoor space (surrounded by planting or screens), with sensorial planting or a running-water feature. + The site design COULD reduce irregularities, visual complexity, and harsh contrasts in colour and material to encourage calmness. + The site SHOULD minimize the use of plain white walls unless it is a space designated for local or public art to be displayed. + The site planting COULD mimic naturalized spaces to avoid ‘clean’ or ‘manicured’ spaces. + The site SHOULD avoid axial, grid-like, or colonial organizations of space to celebrate organic forms rather than those of the oppressors, but maintain clear sightlines for navigation. + Arrangement of site furnishings COULD be considered for how visitors perceive a sense of safety, crowdedness, and communication with others. + Site furnishings COULD be moveable to adapt to the communities needs. + Indoor spaces COULD make use of user-controlled lighting and atmospheric controls to ensure the visitors have autonomy over their spaces. + Proposed buildings MUST NOT use an I-shape or H-shape footprint or floor plan as those shapes were historically used in residential schools and can be re-traumatizing. Refer to

Section 2.0 Stories of the Land: Discriminatory Policies and Urban Renewal.

Figure 88: ‘Indian Community School’ Concept Collage by Chris Cornelius (studio:indigenous), 2007. (https://www.studioindigenous.com/ indian-community-school) SITE GUIDELINES

3.4.5 Ecology

3.4.5.1 Universal Greenspace

The site MUST provide universal access to greenspace. The site MUST have easy access to the waterfront and water features.

+ This MUST include gender-neutral washrooms. + This MUST include paths with a slope no greater than 5%, with a preference for slopes under or equal to 2%. + This COULD include railings with multiple bars at different heights to hold on to when railings are required (i.e. raised pathway). + This COULD include raised site features (such as water features) at hip height that encourage interaction with the elements for those with mobility constraints. + Refer to Accessible Design for the Built Environment, CSA Group, 2018, for more information on Universal Access.

Figure 89: Digital Perspective Drawing of Garden Path with Accessible Water Feature by Nicole Dulong, 2021. SITE GUIDELINES

Figure 90: Digital Perspective Drawing of Green Space with Culturally Sensitive Plantings by Nicole Dulong, 2021.

3.4.5.2 Low Maintenance & Culturally Appropriate Planting

The site MUST provide low maintenance shrubs Indigenous to the area. Refer to Section 2.0 Stories of the Land: Lost Ecologies for list of traditional plantings.

+ The site SHOULD include traditional plantings of the different cultures located in Hogan’s Alley and should include informative signage, refer to 3.4.5.6 Plant Signage and 3.4.1.4 Accessible Signage.

Figure 91: Digital Section Drawing of Street with Rain Gardens by Samantha Miller, 2021

3.4.5.3 Street Trees & Rain Gardens

Street trees MUST be salt-tolerant and be planted with adequate room for root growth.

+ This SHOULD include a rain garden between the pedestrian sidewalk and curb of the street to capture stormwater runoff from surrounding buildings to slow the amount of runoff entering the underground system.

Refer to Section 1.7 Rain City Strategy, 2019.

3.4.5.4 Resilient Nature & Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)

The Hogan’s Alley, Chinatown, Strathcona, and DTES neighbourhoods are home to a diversity of residents whose traditional knowledge of land management could significantly improve the quality of the space. The consultation and participation of these residents toward land sovereignty and protection is invaluable and SHOULD be considered and implemented wherever possible. When traditional knowledge is not applicable, more holistic measures to land management that result in additional vegetation and/or permeable land cover SHOULD always be prioritized.

+ Flood-sensitive site elements COULD include sunken gathering spaces made of an easily-cleaned material in the event of flooding. + Structural elements such as buildings within the floodplain COULD be elevated above projected water levels via stilts. + The site designers MUST understand that any proposed structure or designed elements that cross the designated floodplain will likely flood. + Site design SHOULD include Black and Indigenous traditional land uses to better protect future generations from flooding and other severe weather events. + This COULD include but is not limited to shoreline stabilization, rainwater harvesting, flood-resistant design, drought resistance, and erosion protection. + While not directly within the scope of the subject property, large scale considerations for flood attenuation COULD imagine the deconstruction of the Vancouver False Creek sea wall followed by the implementation of infrastructural ecologies (a synthetic landscape of living, biophysical systems) that operate as urban infrastructure as an alternative to the geoengineered solutions proposed by the City of Vancouver Coastal

Risk Assessment Task Force.

Figure 92: Digital Perspective Drawing of Wetlands, Clam Gardens, and New Stabilized Shoreline by Nicole Dulong, 2021. SITE GUIDELINES

3.4.5.5 Non-Human Considerations

“All living things - human, plants, and animals - form part of an integrated whole brought into harmony or alignment through mutual respect and expresses itself across the cosmos and across time” (Hilton, 2021, p. 47). It is an Indigenous worldview that we respect all living things as much as we respect our family members, friends, and neighbours. Therefore, the site MUST respect all non-human actors in the site design.

+ The site SHOULD include habitat (where applicable) for red-listed and endangered species. + The site COULD construct bird boxes underneath overhangs of pergolas or roofs. + The site SHOULD include at least one area dedicated for a pollinator meadow, including small areas of bare ground for ground-nesters. + The site COULD have a naturalized edge for aesthetic purposes as well as to increase habitat for small mammals. + The site SHOULD use lighting fixtures that reduce harm to urban wildlife (Refer to 3.4.2.1. Exterior Lighting).

Figure 93: ‘Plant Signage from the Brokenhead Wetland Interpretive Trail’ on the Brokenhead Wetland Ecological Reserve on the traditional territory of the Ojibway Nation. Digital Photograph by Samantha Miller, September 28, 2018.

3.4.5.6 Plant Signage

The site MUST provide informative signage about the plantings on site, including their traditional names and uses. Refer to 3.4.1.4 Accessible Signage.