municipality of york region city of vaughan maple
maple, ontario
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context, maple
Maple lies within the city of Vaughan in York Region. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period.0.5 Regionally, Maple is most well known for Canada’s Wonderland Amusement Park.
1800
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Old Village Settlement
The founding families were the Nobles and the Ruperts. The Nobles family, German Lutherans from Pennsylvania settled in the early half of the 19th century.¹ By 1825, British settlers began to form a small community.²
Maple GO Station
early 1800’s 15
1853
y 400 zi cken r ma majo
1862
St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church
ive e dr
16
St. Andrew’s was the first church in Maple, catering to the early Christian community.³ The church still stands today.
The Maple GO station, originally Maple Station, is Ontario’s oldest operating railway station with passenger services dating back to 1853.¹³ The building was constructed by the Grand Trunk Railway in 1904.¹⁴
4
1900 5
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road
Maple Airport An ariel photo of Keele Street and Major Mackenzie Drive showing mostly farmland with some residential development, before the suburbalization of the area.
Canada’s Wonderland Amusement Park
The amusement park marked the end of the farming era in Maple, as development of the area increased immediatly increased.⁷ Currently, Maple has 59,500 residence and Canada’s Wonderland has 3.95 million visitors per season.⁸
1955 - 1987 1961
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6
1981 1992
Baitul Islam Mosque
9
2000
Vaughan City Hall & Civic Centre Resource Library
10
City Hall was completed in 2011 and the Civic Centre Resource Library was completed in 2016, becoming a central hub to the City of Vaughan.
2011 2016 11
21
2020
One of the largest mosques in Canada, the completion of the mosque began to draw an Islamic community to Maple.²⁰
Vaughan Hospital
23 12
The airport was established by Marion Alice Orr, one of Canada’s first woman pilots.¹⁷ Increase in development led to its closure and developement of suburban residential housing on the site.¹⁸
To be completed in 2020, the Vaughan Hospital is the first smart hospital in Canada and the newest hospital in Ontario in 30 years.²²
0.00 - 30.5%
0.00 - 7.50%
30.5 - 51.4%
7.50 - 16.5%
51.4 - 67.7%
16.5 - 27.0%
67.7 - 80.7%
27.0 - 40.0%
80.7 - 100%
40.0 - 100%
Maple
Maple
Beverly Acres
Beverly Acres
population driving vehicles to work 27
history Rapid residential development occurred in Maple in the mid 1980’s to the mid 1990’s after the opening of Canada’s Wonderland in 1981.24 The development of the amusement park began to drive up the commercial land value close to the park.25 With the increased development of commercial amenities and unique access to a large amusement park, the era of Maple as a farm town was ending and residential
population taking public transit to work 28
commuting to work development increased. Drawn by the increasing development of low density housing in the 1990s surrounding Toronto, a large population of young folks with families or planning on having children moved to Maple as the area was spacious, with more affordable housing prices than the city while being within reasonable commuting distance to Toronto.26
Maple, along with many other communities in the Greater Toronto Area are commuter communities. Many people still chose to live within the Greater Toronto Area and commute to Toronto for work. As shown on the map, in Maple, 77.91% of people in the labor force used a personal vehicle to get to work while only 12.24% used public transit, 1.96% walked and 0.21% biked. Similar trends exist in other communities within the Greater Toronto Area where communing to the city for work is popular, making biking and walking unreasonable due to distance. For example, as seen on the map, Beverley Acres in Richmond Hill is a
community similar in population, land use (mostly residential) and proximity to a transit such as the GO train. Similarly to Maple, 75.30% of people used a vehicle to get to work, 15.22% used public transportation, 2.44% walked and 0.27% biked. As seen on the maps, only 45.98% of people use a vehicle to get to work within the City of Toronto, and this number gradually decreases towards Toronto’s core while the number of people using public transit increases. More than double the suburban outskirt communities, 37.01% of people in Toronto take public transit to work.
paths & edges
st. joan of arc catholic high school
peace village
Paths under 25% frequency include residential streets, making up most of the community. Between 25-50% includes McNaughton Road and Melville Avenue, which are roads with elementary and high schools that run throughout the residential community. Paths of over 75% frequency include major streets such as Jane Street and Major Mackenzie Drive.
baitul islam mosque
mackenzie glen park
maple GO station community centre major mackenzie drive and keele street city hall
A frequented path and edge is Highway 400, acting as an eastern boundary between Maple and Woodbridge. It is a physical barrier as there are only 3 bridges to cross over the Highway to access Woodbridge. Though it is a barrier, it acts as the main form of access to and from the community.
civic centre old maple
historical district
A second frequented path and edge includes the railway, both marking west end of the community and acting as a physical barrier which includes specific points to cross. It also acts as the main form of public transportation to and from the community
canadas wonderland
commercial & institutional
maple auto mall
nodes
civic centre resource library
31
The Civic Centre library has many resources including meeting rooms, study rooms, fit bike, music room, kids section, teens section, lots of public seating and study space.32 This has become a hub for high school students and families within the city.
major mackenzie drive & keele street 29
maple GO station
Dense with notable shops and stores, this area includes some of the only existing mixed-use residential buildings in Maple. This node begins to overlap with the City Hall and Civic Centre node.
mackenzie glen district park
A major transportation hub, the GO train is used by many to travel to Toronto for work. Residential density has increased about the station within the past ten years, becoming surrounded by row houses and condos, as well as plazas with stores.
A popular park for families. Includes the largest playground in Maple, as well as a splash pad, soccer fields and walking trails. 30
districts
elements, maple historical district
Along Keele Street and Major Mackenzie Drive exists the boundary of the Village of Maple Heritage Conservation District. Within this district is protection for heritage buildings and sites, as well as the City’s ability to control the appearance of future developments. There are 51 properties in the district that are in the City of Vaughan Heritage Inventory, many of which were built between 1860 and 1900.33
landmarks 39
canada’s wonderland A large physical landmark as many of the taller rides are visible across Maple. The community is most well known for the existence of the amusement park.
old maple Not an officially designated area of Maple, but referred to by many as Old Maple. Residential homes began to develop in this area next to the historical district. Many of these homes still exist, some of which are a part of the heritage conservation efforts.
peace village Was purposefully designed as a Muslum community around the Bai’tul Islam Mosque. The village consists of 260 detached homes on 50 acres within walking distance of the Mosque and was completed in the fall of 2000.34 The 9 streets in Peace Village are named after the Khalifa’s names and other prominent Ahmadi scholars.35 The community park is named “Ahmadiyya Park”.36
commercial & institutional This area includes an amusement park, hospital auto mall, as well as a variety of restaurants and shops dispersed in plazas that lie on Jane Street, opposite to Canada’s Wonderland. 41
42
“One real estate agent says land that sold for $5000 an acre just a few years ago is now fetching at least $15,000 as hotels; motels and fast-food outlets scramble for sites near the park.”38 -Ron Bull, Toronto Star, 1980
baitul islam mosque 40
Set on expansive lawn, the mosque was designed to be completely visible from all streets in Peace Village.37 43
community, maple 44
, 45
daytime population The change of daytime population within Maple is evident in distinct areas as seen on the map. There is a 311.58% change in daytime population at the location of Vaughan City Hall and the Civic Centre Resource Library as use is greatly increased during the day. A 225.72% population change occurs where St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School is
35.0 - 50.0%
household population by age As seen on the graph, in 2011 the majority of the household population in Maple was under the age of 15. Although this is still true as of 2016, the number of younger folks in the area has been decreasing. The graph also demonstrates the largest age groups were people under the age of 19, as well as ages 35-49. In recent years, these numbers have been decreasing and there has been an increase in people ages 50 and above. As this group continues
located. Shops and restaurants, as well as the GO train are located at the increased population areas of 162.46% and 166.05%. The location of Canada’s Wonderland has a daytime population change of 102.31%. The areas which have a 35-50% daytime population mostly include residential homes.
50.0 - 58.5% 225.72%
to age, there are less people in the age range of having children which contributes to the decrease in people under the age of 19. People ages 20-29 have been increasing as the population under 19 continues to age, which also contributes to the decrease in younger folks in Maple. In 2011, of the families with children, 62.94% of children were at home. As of 2016, the number of children at home decreased to 16.75%.
58.5 - 70.0% 116.05%
70.0 - 100% 100 - 350%
162.46%
311.58%
35.0 - 50.0%
50.0 - 58.5%
58.5 - 70.0% 70.0 - 100% 100 - 350% 102.31%
change in daytime population
46
1.80% sikh
3.00% buddhist
household population by religion
6.00% hindu
45.37% immigrants
53.33% non-immigrants
asian
Maple’s population.50 Majority of Islam community members are situated in the north-western portion of Maple near Baitul Islam Mosque, the only Mosque in the community. Next to the Mosque is Peace Village, a subdivision developed for the Islamic community.51
catholic
53.43%
anglican
0.95%
united church
0.80%
other christian
13.85% 57
21.14%
european other
69.00% christian
10.10% muslim
The two most prominent religions in Maple are Christianity and Islam. 69% of the population is Christian and is located to the eastern side of Maple near Major Mackenzie Drive and Keele Street.47 As seen on the map, there are 6 churches located within this area. Catholics compose the majority of Christians within Maple being 53.43% of the Catholic community.48 Anglicans compose 0.95%, United Church composes 0.80% and 13.85% is other Christian sects.49 Muslims compose 10% of
8.70% none
16.00% 8.23% 56
immigrant population
0 - 3.00%
38.5 - 50.7%
3.00 - 9.00%
50.7 - 64.5%
9.00 - 17.5%
64.5 - 75.5%
17.5 - 32.0%
75.5 - 86.7%
32.0 - 86.0%
86.7 - 100% Churches
Mosque
Almost half of Maple’s population is composed of immigrants. 53.33% of Maple’s population is nonimmigrants, while 45.37% are.54 21.14% of these immigrants are Asian, most of which are South Asian while 16% are European, vast majority being Southern European.55
3.00 - 9.00% 9.00 - 17.5% 17.5 - 32.0% 32.0 - 86.0% Mosque
53
50.7 - 64
64.5 - 75
75.5 - 86
86.7 - 10 Churche
0 - 3.00%
household population by religion - muslim
38.5 - 5
household population by religion - christian
52
City of Vaughan Official Plan
low-rise residential d n roa testo
The Official Plan for the City of Vaughan identifies areas zoned as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise residential.63 Maple’s housing includes low-rise residential, as well as low-rise and mid-rise mixed use buildings.
non-residential natural area and parks small lot neighborhoods large lot neighborhoods
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residential areas are medium-lot neighborhoods
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low-rise residential eet jane str
Low-rise residential areas make up most of the land mass in Maple and include three kinds of lots that contribute to the density in the community. These include large-lot, medium-lot and small-lot neighborhoods.
low-rise mixed-use mid-rise mixed-use secondary plan
low-rise residential
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low-rise mixed-use mid-rise mixed-use secondary plan
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residential zoning
64
low-rise and mid-rise mixed use
non-residential natural area and parks small lot neighborhoods large lot neighborhoods unidentified low-rise residential areas are medium-lot neighborhoods
Low-rise and mid-rise mixed use areas exist along main streets, such as Keele Street, Major Mackenzie Drive and Jane Street, adjacent to Canada’s Wonderland. With low-rise buildings up to 5 story and mid-rise buildings from 5 to 12 story, these buildings include commercial ground floor space and residential units on the upper floors.61 Local centers and areas are the primary intensification areas for low-rise and mid-rise mixed use developments.62 These buildings begin to introduce gradual intensification in specific areas throughout Maple.
Large-lot neighborhoods exist within the Historical Conservation District, having 12m lawns and large detached homes.58
Most of the areas in Maple are medium lot neighborhoods, with lawns ranging from 1020m, wide driveways and predominantly 2 story detached and semi-detached homes, much of which was built in the 1980’s & 90’s.59
Some small lot neighborhoods exist within the community. These include lawns ranging from 6-9m with a single or double car garage and mostly semi-detached houses and townhouse housing types.60
15-30 31-50 51-70 71-90
65
number of people per hectare (residential)
built form/density, maple intensification & housing d n roa testo
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secondary plan - maple GO station area Subject to a Secondary Plan, low and mid-rise mixed-use areas are being developed along the Maple GO station area, which is prioritized for intensification. The plan includes low-rise mixed-use townhomes and mid-rise mixed-use condo buildings as transit-supportive development.66 This secondary plan begins forming a solution to the increasing demand for a range of housing through introducing
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treet keele s
As seen on the map, Vaughan’s Official City Plan identifies most of Maple as Community Areas. The Official City Plan states 2.2.3.2. That Community Areas
are considered Stable Areas and therefore Community Areas with existing development are not intended to experience significant physical change that would alter the general character of established neighborhoods.70 Most of this area is categorized as low-rise residential with housing types including detached homes, semi-detached homes and townhouses. Identifying these areas as stable contradicts the desires of the Growth Plan to densify development in existing build-up areas.71 It also re-enforces the existing sprawl caused by low-rise residential areas that were developed predominantly in the 1980’s and 1990’s, but are no longer sustainable within the growing community.
eet jane str
There is a growing demand for housing in Vaughan as the City of Vaughan has been one of the fastest-growing communities in Canada.67 Currently having a population of about 335,000 residents, it is anticipated that by 2031 Vaughan’s population will grow to more than 416,000 residents.68 As identified by the 2019 report Housing Matters: A Review of the Housing Market in York Region, there is an increasing demand for a full range of housing types within York Region to address the diversity of family and household structures that exists within the growing population.69
urban structure stable area - community area
73
stable area - employment area stable area - natural area (greenbelt)
72
secondary plan - maple GO station canada’s wonderland
higher density within transit priority areas and integrating a variety of housing types in a predominantly low rise residential area.
roads & paths
circulation, maple d n roa testo
streets
Three types of streets exist as identified in Vaughan’s Official Plan. These include arterial streets, collector streets and local streets.
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section 1 - gladstone avenue, local street
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Arterial streets, as shown in section 1, are four lanes wide and form the concession block grid of the city, holding large volumes of traffic as well as public transportation.75 The Plan identifies these streets will be improved for pedestrian, cyclist and transit use.76
Collector streets are links between arterial and local streets, providing organization within concession blocks. They can be two to four lanes wide.77 The Official Plan states these streets have the capacity to support local transit, pedestrian and biking.78 Many of the collectors in Maple accommodate bus routes as well as act as a shared roadway for cyclists.
Local streets have lower volumes of traffic, connecting residential zones, schools, parks and community amenities with collectors streets. With only two lanes as shown in section 2, local streets are able to accommodate pedestrians and cyclists.79
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hierarchy of roads
section 1
82
highway 400
major collector
major arterial
minor collector
minor arterial
local road
cycling According to York Region’s Cycle Map, Maple includes off-road multi use trails used by pedestrians and cyclists.74 Many of these paths are through the Greenbelt area, connecting neighborhoods within Maple through active transportation.
GO train The GO train provides direct access to Toronto along the Barrie line.80 The areas surrounding the station are planned to be higher density, mixed-use to take advantage of the access to transportation.81
intensification corridors Vaughan’s Official Plan states Primary Intensification Corridors [Jane Street and Major Mackenzie Drive] will be designed to comfortably and safely accommodate pedestrians and cyclists, as well as motor vehicles.83
107
bus route 96
26
96
bus route 26 bus route 107
20
bus route 20 bus route 4 majo
shared roadway for biking
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zie cken
drive 4
GO train local road
eet jane str
The York Region Cycling Map identifies bike lanes, boulevard multi-use paths, off-road multi-use trails, paved shoulders and bikefriendly streets as possible cycling areas throughout York Region.85 The
map does not identify the primary intensification corridors or local centres in Maple as bike-friendly areas as they are along arterial roads, which according to York Region are not suggested as shared roadways for biking.86 As seen in section 2, arterial roads are designed for vehicular access and lack infrastructure to share the road with cyclists. The absence of cycling recognition along these streets makes it difficult to identify these areas as prioritizing the comfort and safety of cyclists.
treet keele s
cycling
d n roa testo
local centre
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types of mobility
section 2 - major mackenzie drive, arterial street bus route 96
major mackenzie drive
m 35026 bus route
pedestrian crosswalks
bus route 107
popular destinations 660m
section 2
bus route 20 rcial mme e co d-us ential e ix m resid
ial merc com
525m
bus ial merc com
ic & civ y hall an cit e library h g u rc va route esou r4
shared roadway for biking off-road multi-use biking trails off-road multi-use walking trails
ch chur l vid’s st. da mmercia & co
pedestrian crosswalks- major mackenzie drive
87
pedestrian
As seen along Major Mackenzie Drive, pedestrian crosswalks are between 350 to 660m apart, which causes pedestrians to cross the street through traffic to reach popular destinations. These streets have two lanes in each direction with a median in the middle, totaling about 16m in width. The City of Vaughan Streetscape Implementation Manual states that the median provides opportunities for refuge while crossing particularly large roadways.84 Inclusion of this statement recognizes the distance between crosswalks is too large, therefore causing a high amount of jaywalking and an unsafe environment for pedestrians.
urban river valley - greenbelt local centre
district parks neighborhood parks
d n roa testo
urban river valley - greenbelt local centre
parks & greenspace zie cken r ma majo
drive
keele st
Public space in Maple is primarily existent in the form of greenspace and parks. Vaughan’s Official City Plan identifies two kinds of parks within the city. These include district parks and neighborhood parks.88
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local streets
parks & greenspace
Local streets are used as public spaces for outdoor activities by children and teenagers. Unorganized sports such as basketball, hockey and soccer are often played on local streets.
94
built & unbuilt space As seen when comparing the parks & greenspace with a figure ground analysis, not all unbuilt space in Maple is public space. Much of the unbuilt space in the community consists of employment land or CP owned land, as well as Canada’s Wonderland theme park.
built structures
District parks act as community hubs, accommodating a range of recreational and athletic activities. Maple has two district parks. Mackenzie Glen Park includes walking trails, a splash pad, sports fields as well as hosts the cities Canada Day and public concert events.89 Maple Community Park includes a skate park, baseball field tennis courts and a playground, adjacent to the Maple Community Centre.90 95
Neighborhood parks are located within a ten minute walk from the community they benefit.93 These parks vary in size and amenities provided, such as basketball courts, playgrounds and bocce courts, meeting the needs of the local community. Many neighborhood parks are dispersed across Maple to accommodate access for the low-density neighborhoods.
The Urban River Valley runs through Maple, connecting the Greenbelt to the Great Lakes.91 This space is designated by the Official Plan as a Stable Natural area, and restricts the encroachment of ‘urban uses’.92 These spaces act as ravines and provide off-road multi-use trails for active transportation as well as public greenspace for residents of Maple.
built & unbuilt space
public realm, maple lack of active streetscape Due to the vast amounts of low density housing and dependency on vehicles, an active streetscape and human scaled public design is limited to local centres. Vaughan’s Official City Plan states, Local Centres will be pedestrian-oriented places with good urban design, act as the focus for communities… include well designed public open spaces that are either landscaped parks, or public plazas or both in a manner that is appropriate to the local context.96 streetscape and urban design guidelines A proposed plan adopted by the City of Vaughan in 1996 titled Maple Streetscape and Urban Design Guidelines identifies Keele Street and Major Mackenzie Drive intersection as the centre of the Maple community.97 Stating that the area had suffered ‘urban decay’ due to high volumes of traffic and absence of investment, the plan proposes a pedestrian square to the south-east side of the intersection, taking advantage of the proximity to the Beaverbrook house (a historic home associated with the Noble family, the founding family of Maple) and its underutilized public space, which had a public grounds with a fence restricting street access.98 The north-west and south-west corners are suggested as opportunities for
redevelopment, stating they should include the “creation of additional public space dedicated for pedestrian use and the development of prominent public architectural features such as clock towers, covered porticoes, public art work, etc.”99 current local centre Currently, the area does little to activate public space as the Official City Plan suggests for local centres. The proposed plan was not implemented, and in place of the suggested public square exists the ground of Vaughan City Hall and the Civic Centre Resource Library. Rather than including a public square adjacent to these buildings, the majority of the site has become parking for the infrastructure with a neighborhood park towards the residential area and lot of underutilized lawn between the library and city hall. Though the Beaverbrook house still stands, a clinic and parking lot surround it. The north-west corner currency houses commercial spaces such as a Shoppers Drug Mart, vape shop and beauty lounge, while the south-west corner includes medical and dental clinics rather than “additional public space dedicated for pedestrian use”100 .
101
proposed plan of keele street and majr mackenzie drive, 1996 area of 1996 plan
buildings in the local centre parking lots commercial commercial
commercial
subway resturant
shoppers drug mart
medical clinic
civic centre resource library
lawn
vaughan city hall
beaverbrook house
dental clinic
medical clinic
neighborhood park
vaughan city hall
existing site of keele street and major mackenzie drive, 2020
Endnotes 0.5 “Changes in population at the community level”. A profile of the Canadian population: where we live. Statistics Canada. 2003-01-20. Archived from the original on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2006-10-29.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughan 1 History of Maple. (n.d.). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/vaughan_archives/historyofvaughan/Pages/History-of-Maple.aspx. 2 Ibid 3 Ibid. 4 Village of Maple Heritage Conservation District Plan. (2007). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/Pages/Village-of-Maple-Heritage-Conservation-District-Plan-2007,-Volume-3.aspx 5 York Region. (2017, June 5). St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/yorkregiongovt/34734497070 6 Aerial Photographs 1961. (n.d.) City of Toronto Archives. https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/access-city-information-or-records/city-of-toronto-archives/whats-online/maps/aerial-photographs/aerial-photographs-1961/ 7 Bull, R. (1980). Study in contrast: The mystical mountain of Canada’s Wonderland. Toronto Public Library. https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail. jsp?Entt=RDMDC-TSPA_0106651F&R=DC-TSPA_0106651F 8 Last Blast of Summer at Canada’s Wonderland. (2017, August 30). Canada’s Wonderland. https://www.canadaswonderland.com/blog/august-2017/last-blastof-summer-at-canadas-wonderland 9 Combs, E. (1981). An in-park two-way radio system ensures help is always near; even in a park the size of Wonderland. Toronto Public Library. https://www. torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-TSPA_0106649F&R=DC-TSPA_0106649F&searchPageType=vrl 10 Last Blast of Summer at Canada’s Wonderland. (2017, August 30). Canada’s Wonderland. https://www.canadaswonderland.com/blog/august-2017/last-blastof-summer-at-canadas-wonderland 11 KPMB Architects. (2011). Vaughan City Hall. archello. https://archello.com/project/vaughan-city-hall 12 ZAS | Architects & Interiors. (2016). Vaughan Civic Centre Resource Library. archello. https://archello.com/project/vaughan-civic-centre-resource-library 13 Maple GO Station. (2016, 25 March). CPTDB. https://cptdb.ca/wiki/index.php/Maple_GO_Station 14 Ibid. 15 History of Maple. (n.d.). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/vaughan_archives/historyofvaughan/Pages/History-of-Maple.aspx. 16 Village of Maple Heritage Conservation District Plan. (2007). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/Pages/Village-of-Maple-Heritage-Conservation-District-Plan-2007,-Volume-3.aspx 17 Forsyth, B. (2008, 30 August). Maple Airport part of a vibrant past. Canadian Military History. https://militarybruce.com/maple-airport-part-of-vibrant-past/ 18 Ibid. 19 History of Maple. (n.d.). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/vaughan_archives/historyofvaughan/Pages/History-of-Maple.aspx. 20 The Bai`tul Islam Mosque. (2019). Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat. https://www.ahmadiyya.ca/content/baitul-islam-mosque 21 AhmadiyyaCanada [ahmadiyyacanada]. (2018, April 27). Photo. [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/ahmadiyyacanada/status/989895930794205184/ photo/2 22 About Cortellucci Vaughan Hospital. (n.d.). Mackenzie Health. https://www.mackenziehealth.ca/en/about-us/about.aspx#:~:text=Cortellucci%20Vaughan%20 Hospital%20is%20the,the%20more%20than%2030%20years.&text=Through%20modern%20and%20proven%20best,for%20patients%20and%20their%20families. 23 Ibid. 24 Bull, R. (1980). Study in contrast: The mystical mountain of Canada’s Wonderland. Toronto Public Library. https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail. jsp?Entt=RDMDC-TSPA_0106651F&R=DC-TSPA_0106651F 25 Ibid. 26 History of Maple. (n.d.). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/vaughan_archives/historyofvaughan/Pages/History-of-Maple.aspx. 27 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Labour Force by Mode of Transportation - Car, Truck or Van, 2016 by Census Tracts, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 28 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Labour Force by Mode of Transportation - Public Transit, 2016 by Census Tracts, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 29 Aasarchitecture. (2016, 25 September). Vaughan civic centre resource library by zas architects. https://aasarchitecture.com/2016/09/vaughan-civic-centre-re-
source-library-zas-architects.html/vaughan-civic-centre-resource-library-by-zas-architects-11/ 30 City of Vaughan. (n.d.) Mackenzie Glen Neighborhood Walk. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/recreation/GreatWalks/Pages/Mackenzie-Glen-Walk.aspx 31 Lynch, Kevin (1960). Chapter 3: The City Image and Its Elements, pages 46-90. Image of the City. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pres 32 Vaughan Public Libraries (2020). Civic Centre Resource Library. http://www.vaughanpl.info/libraries/view/11 33 Village of Maple Heritage Conservation District Plan. (2007). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/Pages/Village-of-Maple-Heritage-Conservation-District-Plan-2007,-Volume-3.aspx 34 Peace Village. (n.d.) History. https://web.archive.org/web/20080902083413/http://www.peacevillage.ca/_mgxroot/page_10757.html 35 Ibid. 36 Ibid. 37 Townsend, D. Building an Enclave Around a Mosque in Suburban Toronto. The New York Times. (2007). https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/realestate/18nati. html 38 Bull, R. (1980). Study in contrast: The mystical mountain of Canada’s Wonderland. Toronto Public Library. https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail. jsp?Entt=RDMDC-TSPA_0106651F&R=DC-TSPA_0106651F 39 Village of Maple Heritage Conservation District Plan, Part A: District Overview. (2007). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_ projects/General%20Documents/9bMaple%20Heritage%20Conservation%20District_pt1.pdf 40 Townsend, D. Building an Enclave Around a Mosque in Suburban Toronto. The New York Times. (2007). https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/realestate/18nati. html 41 Zanchin Automotive Group. (n.d.). Maple Nissan. https://www.zanchinauto.com/maple-auto-mall-dealerships.htm 42 Last Blast of Summer at Canada’s Wonderland. (2017, August 30). Canada’s Wonderland. https://www.canadaswonderland.com/blog/august-2017/last-blastof-summer-at-canadas-wonderland 43 Qasim Rashid for Congress. [QasimRashid]. (2014, 27 April). Photo [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/QasimRashid/status/460507828512632832/photo/1. 44 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Household Population by Age, 2016 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 45 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Household Population by Age, 2011 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 46 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Change in Daytime Population, 2020 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 47 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Household Population by Religion - Christian, 2020 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 48 SimplyAnalytics (2016). % Household Population By Religion, Retrieved November 28, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 49 Ibid. 50 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Household Population by Religion - Muslim, 2020 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 51 Peace Village. (n.d.) History. https://web.archive.org/web/20080902083413/http://www.peacevillage.ca/_mgxroot/page_10757.html 52 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Household Population by Religion - Christian, 2020 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 53 SimplyAnalytics (2020). % Household Population by Religion - Muslim, 2020 by Dissemination Area, Retrieved October 24, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 54 SimplyAnalytics (2016). % Total Immigrant Population by Place of Birth, Retrieved November 28, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 55 Ibid. 56 Ibid. 57 SimplyAnalytics (2016). % Household Population By Religion, Retrieved November 28, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 58 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Policies. (2019). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/VOP%202010%20Updates%202020/VOP%20Volume%201%20Feb%2010%202019.pdf 59 Ibid. 60 Ibid. 61 Ibid.
62 Ibid. 63 Ibid. 64 Zoning Vaughan. (n.a.) City of Vaughan. https://vaughan.maps.arcgis.com/apps/PublicInformation/index.html?appid=49e2d8da815840c59058b412e6b30815 65 SimplyAnalytics (2016). Population Density (People Per Hectare), Retrieved November 28, 2020, from SimplyAnalytics database. 66 Maple GO Station Secondary Plan. (2014). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Official%20 Plan%20Vol%202/Volume%202%20November%202019/11.6%20Maple%20GO%20Station%20(rebuilt)%20SP%202019%20edit.pdf 67 About Vaughan. (n.a.). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/news/about_vaughan/Pages/default.aspx 68 Ibid. 69 Housing Matters: A Review of the Housing Market in York Region. (2019). York Region. https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/dbbd22a6-b4ed4513-b60f-71993717843d/20036_HousingMattersUpdate_March162020.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=n3ALSMq) 70 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Policies. (2019). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/VOP%202010%20Updates%202020/VOP%20Volume%201%20Feb%2010%202019.pdf 71 A Place to Grow: Growth plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe. (2020). Province of Ontario. https://files.ontario.ca/mmah-place-to-grow-office-consolidationen-2020-08-28.pdf 72 Indigo Condominiums in Maple. (2020). [photo]. condos.ca . https://condos.ca/vaughan/indigo-condominiums-in-maple-99-eagle-rock-way-111-eagle-rock-way/ unit-727-N4916726 73 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Consolidated Schedules. (2019). City of Vaughan https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/Current%20VOP%202010%20Schedules/VOP%202010%20Consolidated%20Schedules%20October%2016%202020.pdf 74 2017-2018 York Region Cycling Map. (2017-2018). York Region. https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/695f3394-71af-4f81-9ff8-01659b6fa9eb/YorkCycling_SouthBikeMap_2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mukSICM 75 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Policies. (2019). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/VOP%202010%20Updates%202020/VOP%20Volume%201%20Feb%2010%202019.pdf 76 Ibid. 77 Ibid. 78 Ibid. 79 Ibid. 80 Metrolinx. (2020). System Map. GO. https://www.gotransit.com/en/trip-planning/system-and-route-map 81 Maple GO Station Secondary Plan. (2014). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Official%20 Plan%20Vol%202/Volume%202%20November%202019/11.6%20Maple%20GO%20Station%20(rebuilt)%20SP%202019%20edit.pdf 82 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Consolidated Schedules. (2019). City of Vaughan https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/Current%20VOP%202010%20Schedules/VOP%202010%20Consolidated%20Schedules%20October%2016%202020.pdf 83 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Consolidated Schedules. (2019). City of Vaughan https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/Current%20VOP%202010%20Schedules/VOP%202010%20Consolidated%20Schedules%20October%2016%202020.pdf 84 City-Wide Streetscape Implementation Manual and Financial Strategy For Intensification Areas and Heritage Conservation Districts. (2010). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/business/urban_design/Streetscape/General%20Documents/VCSIMFS%20Section%201-6.pdf 85 2017-2018 York Region Cycling Map. (2017-2018). York Region. https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/695f3394-71af-4f81-9ff8-01659b6fa9eb/YorkCycling_SouthBikeMap_2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mukSICM 86 Ibid. 87 YRT System Map. (2020). York Region Transit. https://www.yrt.ca/en/schedules-and-maps/resources/Documents/system-maps/YRT-SystemMap_Web_ Nov2020.pdf, Deo, Musa. (2015). Vaughan Cycling Map. GoogleMaps. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1UtUsyG3R54vtWe2a38Bn3TZbiTA&ll=43.846 31248319062%2C-79.5266241495067&z=14 , City of Vaughan Official Plan - Consolidated Schedules. (2019). City of Vaughan https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/ Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/Current%20VOP%202010%20Schedules/VOP%202010%20Consolidated%20Schedules%20October%2016%202020.pdf 88 Ibid. 89 About Vaughan. (n.a.). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/news/about_vaughan/Pages/default.aspx
90 Ibid. 91 Greenbelt Plan. (2017). Province of Ontario. https://files.ontario.ca/greenbelt-plan-2017-en.pdf 92 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Policies. (2019). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/VOP%202010%20Updates%202020/VOP%20Volume%201%20Feb%2010%202019.pdf 93 Ibid. 94 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Consolidated Schedules. (2019). City of Vaughan https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/Current%20VOP%202010%20Schedules/VOP%202010%20Consolidated%20Schedules%20October%2016%202020.pdf 95 Mackenzie Glen District Park. (n.a.). [photo]. Tripadvisor. https://www.tripadvisor.ca/Attraction_Review-g3666159-d2324875-Reviews-Mackenzie_Glen_District_ Park-Maple_Vaughan_Ontario.html 96 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Policies. (2019). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/VOP%202010%20Updates%202020/VOP%20Volume%201%20Feb%2010%202019.pdf 97 Maple Streetscape and Urban Design Guidelines. (1996). Vaughan Planning Department. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/business/urban_design/General%20Documents/Maple%20Streetscape%20and%20Urban%20Design%20Guidelines.pdf 98 Ibid. 99 Ibid. 100 City of Vaughan Official Plan - Consolidated Schedules. (2019). City of Vaughan. https://www.vaughan.ca/projects/policy_planning_projects/General%20Documents/Officlal%20Plan%20Vol%201/VOP%202010%20Updates%202020/VOP%20Volume%201%20Feb%2010%202019.pdf 101 Maple Streetscape and Urban Design Guidelines. (1996). Vaughan Planning Department. https://www.vaughan.ca/services/business/urban_design/General%20Documents/Maple%20Streetscape%20and%20Urban%20Design%20Guidelines.pdf