Material Taxonomy SUBTRACTING
Laser
James Bond Machining
Greg Lynn Machining
gsd robotic design group
Sweep
Material Undergoes Change
gsd robotic design group Machining
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Sweep
RMIT University workshop Machining
C. Robeller, S.S. Nabaei, and Y. Weinand (EPFL)
Machining
Robotic Woodcraft
Machining
Robotic Woodcraft
Sweep
variable carving volume casting
Sweep
Carrara Robotics
Melting
ADDING
Greyshed
Machining
Quarra Stone/Howeler Yoon
Machining
Robotic Woodcraft
Machining
Angewendte
Pick and Place
Gramazio Kohler, New York
Pick and Place
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Pick and Place
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Looming
Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart
Pick and Place
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Extruding
Francois Roche
Extrude
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Extruding
archolab
Pick and Place
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Sweep
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Extrude
IAAC
Extrude
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Extrude
IAAC
Extrude
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Looming
Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart
Pick and Place
gramazio kohler
Extrude
MIT MEDIA LAB
Extrude
Ji Shi, Xun Liu, Ruihua Luo, Yuqi Cui
Extrude
Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart
Extrude
MIT Digital Structures
Extrude
Gramazio Kohler, Palais de Tokyo
Extrude
MX3D
Looming
CHOREOGRAPHING
MIT MediaLab
Extruding
new-territories
Automation
ABB Automation
Thomas Freundlich "Actuator"
Automation
Get Robo
Automation
KUKA Robotics
Automation
KUKA Robotics
Automation
nagoya Automation
Material Undergoes Zero-Sum Change
MakrShakr
Automation
ABB
Automation
Creators Project
Automation
IAAC
Automation
Conrad Shawcross
Automation
SupraStudio
Automation
IAAC
Simulation
José Augusto Ribeiro Costa
Simulation
KUKA Robotics Simulation Plotting
MANIPULATING
Bob White
Bending
gsd robotic design group
Push and Pull
gsd robotic design group Folding
SupraStudio SupraStudio DADA 2015 Conference, in cooperation with Tongji University and FabUnion
Forming
DADA 2015 Conference, in cooperation with Tongji University and FabUnion
Bending
Matter Design (Brandon & Wes McGee)
2016
Forming 2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Folding
2001
KUKA Robotics SCI-Arc
Plotting
2000
School Of Form in Poznań.
Looming
Tool Taxonomy
MISCELLANIOUS
Lazer Cutter
James Bond Beer Bottle
ABB
Surfboard
José Augusto Ribeiro Costa
Humans
KUKA Robotics Thomas Freundlich "Actuator"
Nothing
Get Robo
Ping Pong Paddel
KUKA Robotics
Police Light
nagoya
Ramen Soup Vinyl
KUKA Robotics Fountain pen
SCI-Arc
Steel Dowel
gsd robotic design group
Plaster Trowel
archolab
Composite Wing
SupraStudio ABB
Katana Sword
IAAC
Light Emmitting Diode
MakrShakr
Modified Cocktail Shaker
Creators Project
Plasma Screen Pen
A. Kissling, Strukt, and INDAT Conrad Shawcross
Bulb
IAAC
Construction Light Paintbrush
Bob White KUKA Robotics
Humans Dimond Band Saw
Robotic Woodcraft
Router
Robotic Woodcraft
Router Router
C. Robeller, S.S. Nabaei, and Y. Weinand (EPFL) Quarra Stone/Howeler Yoon
Dimond Band Saw
Robotic Woodcraft
Router
Angewendte
Router Suction
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Brick Pinsir
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich Brick Pinsir
gramazio kohler
MIT MediaLab
Carbon Fiber on Inflatable 3-D Printed Head 3-D printed head and casket Extrude Biomaterial
IAAC
Pressurised - Multiple feed Four Headed Extruder
MIT Digital Structures
Motorised Filament
MIT MEDIA LAB
Pressurised Biomass
new-territories
Multi-Coloured Filament Pressurised Cement
Heated Element
Slack Wire Cutter
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich Greyshed
Wax Melting
variable carving volume casting
Wire Scallop
DADA 2015 Conference, in cooperation with Tongji University and FabUnion
Steel Poker
MX3D
Arc Welder
WELDER Metal Clamps WIRE CUTTER Heated Element PICK + PLACE
Angle Sections
gsd robotic design group Matter Design (Brandon & Wes McGee)
Robot Holds Tool
Pressurised Cylinder
IAAC
Gramazio Kohler, Palais de Tokyo
EXTRUDER
Dynamic Concrete Formwork
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart
Ji Shi, Xun Liu, Ruihua Luo, Yuqi Cui
Loom
Carbon Fiber on Steelframe
Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart School Of Form in Poznań.
PICK + PLACE
Brick Pinsir
Gramazio Kohler, New York
Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart
Machining
Router
Greg Lynn Carrara Robotics
Rotational
gsd robotic design group
High Tension Clay
Francois Roche
Heated Suction Pad Metal Clamp
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Six Point Suction
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Six Point Suction
Gramazio Kohler, ETH Zurich
Nail
Miscellanious
University and FabUnion University and FabUnion
Robot Holds Material
0002
1002
2002
3002
4002
5002
6002
7002
8002
9002
0102
1102
2102
3102
4102
5102
6102
Metal Sky Design and production Design Robotics Group, GSD of a highly customized, 2011 parametrically varied sheet
metal ceiling. The integrated
Categorization: design to robotic fabrication No Change/Manipulating /Bending/ process involves the Forming
development of a custom automation tool developed for a Tooling Technique: Metal Clamps parametric computational design environment.
Manipulating -- Bending
Flowing Matter Extrusion process combined Design Robotics Group, GSD with CNC controlled robotic 2012 wire-cutting would allow for the
production of serialized mass
Categorization: customized ceramic elements, Change/Subtracting /Sweep/Forming Tooling Technique: Wire cutter / high-tension clay
whose shape would be defined by ruled geometries.
Subtracting -- sweep
Metal Sky Produces custom ceramic Design Robotics Group, GSD bricks/louvers by setting a 2011 variable pin mold, then extruding
clay, and milling.
Categorization: Change/Adding /Subtracting/ Geared towards producing Manipulating highly customized ceramic Tooling Technique: shading elements, can be massClay extruder and endmill
customized with only slight variations of the same process.
Adding -- extrusion // Subtracting -- machining
Pylos The material results obtained IAAC through the development of 2013 the first phase of this research
project are extremely promising
Categorization: a new, more than 96% based in Change/Adding /Extrude/Printing
soil, material that has 3 times higher tensile strength from Tooling Technique: industrial hard clay.
Extruder / pressurized cylinder
Adding -- extrude
Robotic Camera Programmed cinematography of Ainara Elgoibar, IAAC a motorcylce on a rotating island. 2013
“An industrial robotic arm that
Categorization: has been programmed to film No Change/Choreographing / something which was produced Automation/ Filming
with a pre-robotic sensitivity, and a sculpture installation for a Tooling Technique: DSLR Camera history without a monument.�
Choreographing -- filming
Machinic Conversations An LED acctuator is attached. IAAC Tool paths generated as 2013 parametric lines in grasshopper.
Robot’s movements
Categorization: photographed with a long No Change/Choreographing / exposure camera creating light Automation/Performance
trails.
Tooling Technique: LED
Adding -- extrude
Bridge A bridge printed by welding MX3d beads of steel in space, without 2015- a sustrate/scaffold. 3D printing Categorization: Change/Additive /Weld/ in space
with structural materials.
As a proof of concept, MX3D plans to use two robots to build Tooling Technique: a bridge, in situ, over a canal in spot welder / steel Amsterdam.
Additive -- weld
Robotic Spider Robot is deploying a yarn-like Mediated Matter/ MIT Media Lab thread on prearranged hooks. 2012 MIT researchers say that
material will soon be replaced
Categorization: by a moist nylon substance Change/Adding /Looming/Scaffold
that hardens as it dries. Subsequently, that substance Tooling Technique: will be replaced by some sort of spool of thread / scaffold of hooks sticky composite created from the remains of MIT researchers.
Adding -- looming
Long Distance Art Two machines, in two different A. Kissling, Strukt, and INDAT locations, reproduce drawings 2014 in real-time, as they are being Method: Choreographing
created by the artist.
Imitation
Purpose: Performance
No Change -- Choreographing
IDC / ITKE Research Pavilion The machine lays pre-preg Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart carbon fiber on a surface in 2014 space, in this case an inflatable
that serves as guide and
Method: formwork for the pavillion. The Adding Extrusion
project also involves structural analysis and path optimization.v
Purpose: Surface Extrusion
Change -- Adding
IDC / ITKE vResearch Pavilion The robotic arm “weaves� Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart carbon and glass fiber with resin 2012 onto a frame, which is mounted
on a rotating table. This process
Method: of weaving produces surfaces Adding Looming
Purpose: Woven Structure
between the metal frames to generate the envelope of the pavilion.
Change -- Adding
IDC Research Pavilion Two robotic arms holding either Achim Menges, Universitat Stuttgart the top or bottom of a polygon 2013 frame translate and rotate to
guide the flow of resin-coated
Method: glass or carbon fiber through Adding
the corresponding pegs on the frame’s perimeter. The oncedisconnected polygons are Purpose: Woven Panel woven together and become one piece of the double-skin structure. Looming
Change -- Adding
Curved-Folded Wood Pavilion The machine is used to guide a C. Robeller, S.S. Nabaei, Y.Weinand variety of tools through precise 2014 tool-paths for machinning these
wood pannels and achieving the
Method: desired joints. This project is also Subtracting Machining
derived from structural analysis.
Purpose: Joinery
Change -- Subtracting
Single-Point Incremental Forming Using a heated metal tip, the DADA Conference machine forms a sheet of plastic 2015 by “incrementally� tracing the Method: Manipulating
tool-path onto the material.
Forming
Purpose: Plastic Shaping
Change -- Manipulating
Curved-Folded Wood Pavilion A centrally located robotic Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich arm constructs a radial brick 2011 wall by picking up bricks and
laying them on the specified
Method: location. In doing so, it also Adding Pick and Place
uses a scanning system for selforientationl
Purpose: Brick Laying
Change -- Adding
Smart Dynamic Casting This process involves slip Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich forming, in which concrete 2012 is continuously poured into
a delimited formwork, which
Method: moves by the use of hydraulic Adding Extrude
Purpose: Slip Forming
jacks at a speed set according to the hardening rate of the concrete.
Change -- Adding
Mobile Robotic Tiling The machine carries out the Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich tiling process by both laying 2013 the adhesive and the tile. This
highly precise, industry-oriented
Method: method aims to increase Adding Pick and Place
productivity while maintaining quality standards.
Purpose: Laying Tiles
Change -- Adding
Additive Robotic Fabrication In this project, the machine Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich handles piece after piece of 2012 timber and manages the precise
interaction between the material
Method: and other machinning tools. It Adding
also carries out the assembly of parts. The use of the robotic arm automates a multi-layered Purpose: Assembling Form process. Pick and Place
Change -- Adding
Spatial Wire Cutting The machine is used to achieve Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich single-shot, double curved hot 2013 wire cutting of foam. In this case,
two robotic arms collaborate to
Method: machine a still piece of material. Subtracting Sweep
Purpose: Complex Foam Cutting
Change -- Subtracting
Sequential Structure The machine intervites in Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich different stages of this multi2010 step project, from picking and
placing to the application of
Method: adhessive, and the assebly Adding
of parts. The pavilion was discretized into arches to allow for their independent, Purpose: Laying Parts automatized assembly. Later, each component was annexed to the whole. Pick and Place
Change -- Adding
Pike Loop A moveable trailer transports the Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich robotic arm along a horizontal 2009 axis as it assembles a pick and Method: Adding
place, woven brick wall.
Pick and Place
Purpose: Laying Parts
Change -- Adding
Stacked Pavilion The machine is employed to Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich precicely stack wooden parts in 2009 order to create a set of repeating Method: Adding
modules.
Pick and Place
Purpose: Laying Parts
Change -- Adding
Irridescence Print The machine is used to extrude Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich colored fillament in space, to 2015 construct a thickened surface
layer by layer, simulating a space
Method: frame. Adding Extrude
Purpose: In Space
Change -- Adding
Mataerial This anti-gravity object modeling IAAC ethod of robotic arm extrusion 2013 allows for creating supportless Method: Adding
objects from 3D curves.
Extrude
Purpose: In Space
Change -- Adding
Balance Bending The robotic arm is used Matter Design (B. Clifford / W. McGee) to precisely handle steel 2015 extrusions. This includes picking,
placing, rotating, and moving,
Method: in order to transform them with Manipulating Bending
another (also programmed) tool.
Purpose: Forming
No Change -- Manipulating
SLAM Research This two-part fabrication Digital Structures / MIT process uses the machine to mill 2014 a formwork of load paths onto a
disposable stock, where it then
Method: extrudes fillament. The resulting Adding Extrude
structure is removed from the formwork.
Purpose: Surface Extrusion
Change -- Adding
Water-Based Robotic Fabrication The machine is used to extrude MIT / Media Lab - Mediated Matter variable concentrations of a 2014 water-based, biodegradable
material with a specific pattern
Method: onto a surface. After curing, the Adding Extrude
“printed� pattern gains a spacial dimension.
Purpose: Printing
Change -- Adding
Collier Memorial The multiple-axis robot arm was Howler Yoon / Quarra Stone / MIT used to machine each individual, 2015 digitally modelled granite block
into each part of the memorial,
Method: within a tolerance of 0.5 Subtracting Machining
milimeters.
Purpose: Forming
Change -- Subtracting
Makr Shakr Interfacing with an app, the MIT Senseable CityLab robot makes a cocktail as part of 2013 a performance. Categorization: No Change/Choreographing/ Automation/Performance Tooling Technique: Miscellanious/Modified Cocktail Shaker
Choreographing--Automation
The machine extrudes 4 filaments simultaneously in free space to trace a line while imitateting the structure of a spider thread in what is called a Categorization: spindle knot like motion trail.
Robotic Extrusion Ji Shi, Xun Liu, Ruihua Luo, Yuqi Cui, Princeton University 2014
Change/Adding/Extrude/In Space Tooling Technique: Extruder Four /Headed Extruder
Adding -- Extrude
Linking Hot-Wiring and Assembly This project usese a hotwire to RMIT University workshop shape custom foam pieces and 2013 place them precisely after beign
cut. The tool on the robot uses
Categorization: suction, but the wire implement Change/Subtracting/Sweep/Forming
is static in the room .
Tooling Technique: Heated Element/Wire Cutter
Subtracting--Sweep
Addition Pavilion For the purpose of creating Robotic Woodcraft custom joinery, this robotically 2014 controlled machining processes
subtracts the ends of some
Categorization: lumber. This leads to manual Change/Subtracting/Machining/ assembly of the pavilion. Joinery Tooling Technique: Machining/Router
Subtracting -- Machining
Wooden Structures Coating an MDF board and Robotic Woodcraft plotting at an angle (5 axis?) to 2014 raster an image defined by the
contrast in color of the otop coat
Categorization: and the impression of depth. Change/Subtracting/Machining/ Plotting Tooling Technique: Machining/Router
Subtracting--Machining
Wood Milling Tests Using a machining end effector, Robotic Woodcraft the robot subtracts and shapes 2015 a vertically oriented block of Categorization: Change/Subtracting/Machining/ Forming
wood.
Tooling Technique: Machining/Router
Subtracting--Machining
Variable Carving Volume Casting Hot knife cutter scallops foam to Volumetric Robotics, Andrew Manto, produce formwork for casting. Patrick Little, Nazareth Ekmekjian 2014 Categorization: Change/Subtracting/Sweep/Forming Tooling Technique: Heated Element/Wire Scallop
Subtracting--Sweeping
Kuka Weaving Multi tool process that both School Of Form in Poznań drills holes for pegs to be placed 2015 in wood base, and then weaves Categorization: Change/Adding/Looming
string around the pegs.
Tooling Technique: Loom/3-D Printed Head
Adding -- Looming
Randomized Identities Tool combines an ability to Angewendte machine holes and hold dowels 2015 to run through a table saw and Categorization: -Change/Subtracting/Machining/ Forming -“..�/Adding/Pick and Place/ Inserting
plug them into the holes.
Tooling Technique: -Machining/Router -Machining/Circular Saw Subtracting--Machining
Katana Fighting Choreographing between two ABB roboots equipped with Katana 2013 Swords. Categorization: No Change/Choreographing/ Automation/Performance Tooling Technique: Miscellanious/Katana Sword
Adding -- Pick and Place
Beer Pouring Pincers maneuvers a glass and a ABB bottle to pour a glass of beer. 2006 Categorization: No Change/Choreographing/ Automation/Performance Tooling Technique: Miscellanious/Beer Bottle
Choreographing--Automation
Carving Stone A wire cutting robot of a large Carrara Robotics industrial scale that, thanks to 2014 being equipped with a diamond
saturated wire, can cut through
Categorization: stone. There is also a nozzle Change/Subtracting/Sweep/Forming
to constantly spray the marble to simultaneously clean the stone Tooling Technique: and remove left over particles.
Machining/Dimond Band Saw
Subtracting --Sweep
Blob Wall On-Surface milling for precision Greg Lynn FORM purposes to fit pieces together. 2009 Categorization: Change/Subtracting/Machining/On Surface Tooling Technique: Machining/Router
Subtracting -- Machining
Bridge A bridge printed by welding MX3d beads of steel in space, without 2015- a sustrate/scaffold. As a proof of
concept, MX3D plans to use two
Categorization: robots to build a bridge, in situ, Change/Additive /Weld/ in space
over a canal in Amsterdam.
Tooling Technique: spot welder / steel
Additive -- weld
Robotic Spider Robot is deploying a yarn-like Mediated Matter/ MIT Media Lab thread on prearranged hooks. 2012 MIT researchers say that
material will soon be replaced
Categorization: by a moist nylon substance Change/Adding /Looming/Scaffold
that hardens as it dries. Subsequently, that substance Tooling Technique: will be replaced by some sort of spool of thread / scaffold of hooks sticky composite created from the remains of MIT researchers.
Adding -- looming
This project explores the possibilities of Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) and Double-Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF) as a faster way to produce custom forms for Method: architectural skins.
An Investigation of Robotic Incremental Sheet Metal Forming as a Method for Prototyping Parametric Architectural Skins / UMICH / SCIARC 2014
Manipulating Forming
Purpose: Metal Shaping Change -- Manipulating
This project investigates the precise use of the robotic arm with a band-saw as effector in order to produce aggregatable out of non-standard stocks of Method: wood.
Bandsawn Bands Ryan Luke Johns and Nicholas Foley Princeton / Greyshed 2014
Subtracting Machining
Purpose: Wood Milling
Change -- Subtracting
With the developing of a tool inspired by the bead rolling process and it’s structural benefits, this project tries to bridge a industrial fabrication Method: method with direct testing and Manipulating evaluaton of prototypes.
Robotic Bead Rolling Jared Friedman, Ahmed Hosny and Amanda Lee / GSD 2014
Bead Rolling
Purpose: Metal Shaping
Change -- Manipulating
Using a hot wire as main tool, this project succeeds in “carving� out all the different components of a light foam vault, dissimilar in both shape Method: and porosity.
Performative Tectonics Philip F. Yuan, Hao Meng and Pradeep Devadass / Tongji University 2014
Subtracting Sweep
Purpose: Complex Foam Cutting
Change -- Subtracting
Digital Construction Platform This project combines a 5-axis Mediated Matter MIT Altec hydraulic mobile boom 2012-2015 arm, for gross positioning,
and a 6-axis KUKA robotic
Categorization: arm, for fine positioning and Placement/Automation/Sensing
oscillation correction. Potential applications: “fabrication of Tooling Technique: non-standard architectural Varies forms, integration of real-time on-site sensing data, improved constructionefficiency [...].� No Change -- Choreographing
Tooling Agency The robot translates the ink Robert White / MIT brush on a left-right, non zig2013 zagging motion, and produces an
image on paper as it warps due
Method: to moisture. Choreographing Plotting
Purpose: Drawing
Change -- Choreographing
KUKA Robocoaster 4-D Ski Simulation Two charis are mounted on the KUKA Robotics robot to accomodate humans 2008 and offer them an avalanche
motion-simulation, coordinated
Method: with a visuals. Choreographing Simulation
Purpose: Amusement
No Change -- Choreographing
KUKA Pring Pong Robot In order to imitate human Get Robo reflexes, this robotic arm 2008 integrates cameras and sensors Method: Choreographing
for real-time adjustments.
Automation
Purpose: Performance
No Change -- Choreographing
ARUM Two robot arms with vaccum end RoboFold / Zaha Hadid effectors pick up the pre-cut 2012 and pre-scored pieces and hold
them in place with a third vacum
Method: to precisely fold them into their Manipulating Forming
custom shapes.
Purpose: Metal Shaping
Change -- Manipulating
Synchronous Dissections LEDs are attached and moved SCI-ARC through space while a camera 2012 that is also attached to a robotic
arm takes images of the lights
Categorization: as they move in sync with each Choreography
other.
Tooling Technique: LED+Camera
Choreography -- Light Motion
Supeaerorobospatial A seminar exploring the Greg Lynn+Julia Koerner , SupraStudio possibility of using robotic arms 2014 to produce architectural motion
as a design method to express
Categorization: concepts of literal and Choreography
phenomenal motion.
Tooling Technique: Movement
Choreography--Motion
RoboCoaster Designed as an attraction at KUKA Epcot called the Sum of All 2009 Thrills, the simulator creates
a 4d experience through 3d
Categorization: robotic motion and “wind� by Simulation
controlling air movement to create a simulated experience Tooling Technique: involving high wind speeds and Motion quick directional changes.
Simulation -- Motion
Human Interface “Contemporary dance for Thomas Freundlich humans and industrial robots� 2012 This performance features
humans freely moving across
Categorization: the strage and robotic arms Choregraphy
attached to the floor. The performers freedom to change Tooling Technique: thier performance and the pre Motion and Dancing programmed nature of the robots creates a juxtaposition between man and machine. Choreography -- Dancing
Robot DJ The robotic arms here are used KUKA to pick and sample different 2009 vinyl records on a turntable,
and on the fly. Their movement
Categorization: allows them to precision sample Choreography/Sound
moments on the album in order to mashup a song. The Tooling Technique: performance uses two robotic Vinyl Placement arms to improve the layering of sounds.
Choreography -- Sound
The Box This project explores the Creators Project synthesis of real and digital 2013 space through projection
mapping on moving surfaces.
Categorization: It is a culmination of multiple Choreography
technologies - large scale robotics, projection mapping, Tooling Technique: and software engineering.
LED screens/ Projection Mapping
Choreography -- animation
Robotic Compound Fabrication This machine was developed to Mediated Matter, MIT combine different functions that 2010-2011 normally would all be done on
stand alone machines. It was an
Categorization: experiment to test the benefits Additive/Subractive/Formative Tooling Technique: Milling/Printing/Sculpting
and drawbacks of a integrated manufacturing platform.
Multiplatform -- Additive/Subtractive/Formative
FlexBrick This robot-based facade system Gramazio - Kohler / ETH Zurich manufacturing combines in-situ 2008 assembly with digitally informed
processes. The application the
Method: adhessive on each brick allows Adding/Automation Purpose: Stacking
for the wall to perform under tension.
Change -- Adding
Introduction to Industrial Processes
The application of robotics in an industrial setting can inform potential uses in architecture and design. The main lesson from these settings is that their purpose is to get close to to their target, but to compensate for this by allowing the fine tooling process to complete the majority of the work, locally. In these cases, the end effector acts as an apparatus to deal with the precision tasks.
uncommon for industiral manufacturers to manually set up the actions for the robots. That is, the robot is manually moved bit by bit in order to deconstruct the necessary actions and these are then translated digitally in ordered to be programmed to the machine, in effect reverse engineering.
Precision - repeatability, will always return very close but not necessarily on where the In the case of the automobile target you wanted was industry, for example, the Accuracy - on target but not arm will come close to the as consistent. door and lock itself on it so the end effector can perform its task without stressing the machine and in the end negatively affecting the quality. It might seem counterintuitive to the precision process performed by architects through programming the machine digitally, but it’s not
Categorization: Adding Tooling Technique: Nozzle + Metering System
Dispensing systems for bonding, gasketing, molding, and sealing applications are enhanced by robotic automation especially with respect to consistent volume dispensed per part. Positive piston displacement driven by servomotors ensures precise metering and is commonly used in dispensing applications.
Industrial Applications -- Dispensing
Categorization: Change / Pick and Place Tooling Technique: Pick + Place / Adaptive Gripper
Machine tending involves feeding parts in and out of an industrial machine through robotic automation. Examples of processes range from presses to injection molding. These operations generally require the design of custom end effectors based on the part being manipulated. Adaptive Grippers permit greater flexibility.
Industrial Applications -- Machine Tending
Categorization: Change/Adding Tooling Technique: Vision System + Torch
Robotic cells can be programmed to perform a range of welding processes. The automotive industry was the first to employ vision systems for seam tracking during welding operations. Sensorial capabilities like an image processing system gathers data about the weld geometry to calibrate the toolpath.
Industrial Applications -- Welding
Categorization: Pick and Place Tooling Technique: Pick + Place / Adaptive Gripper
Operations like fixing, press-fitting, insertion, and disassembly typically involve force torque sensors, tactile sensors, and vision systems both for part location, identification and quality control. A vast range of applications exist from the assembly of individual nuts and bolts to the manipulation of 700kg cylinder blocks.
Industrial Applications -- Assembly