Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer based system that has the capability to capture, store, manage, analyze and display the spatially referenced data according to our instructions for solving problems related to Geographical world. (Leonhard Blesius, University of Iowa)
It is an analytical tool that uses computers, satellites, GPS (Global Positioning System) and relevent data in making quick, accurate and cost effective decisions in various fields of life. (David Lary, University of Dallas)
Data capture
Data analysis
Processing
Data display
GIS as a modern tool of analysis can be used in almost every field of life due to its flexibility and capability to handle variety of data formats. It can be used in Navigation , Environmental modeling, Water Resource Management, Mineral exploration, Drought monitoring and Demographic Analysis etc. But we will discus its applications in following areas.
Land ownership record in most part of the world is stored in form of very large number of papers, which are prone to various dangers such as illegal ownership transfer, tampering, burning, tearing, and misplacement etc. But with the help of GIS we can get rid of all these vulnerabilities and faulty Patwari System. GIS uses high resolution satellite imagery from various satellites for the land identification and digitization.
Quickbird IKONOS WorldView-4
Land Record Digitization 27
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Land ownership detail 05
10 11 16 25
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25
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House Number: 25 Name: Haji Muhammad Ismail Father’s Name: Abdul Razaq CNIC #. 54303-XXXXXXXX-X Date of Birth : 24-12-1967 Area: 1.32 acre Khasra Number: 234 Lat. 30.43 Long. 67.59 Acquisition Date/Year: 1993 Acquired From: Khaliq Dad CNIC #: 54303-XXXXXXXX-X Finger prints are also stored with land record in Canada and Germany.
All the vehicles can be tracked either for protection from thefts or a part of Fleet management system using GPS or GLONASS. This is done by installing a GPS devise With Known serial number. The data of the devise (in vehicle) is continuously fed into the master computer. Using this Technology the speed, location, distance traveled , stop and starting locations and time any where in the world in any weather condition for 24 hours of the day.
Car Tracked Location • N. 25 • Lat 31.89 • Long. 66.98 • City. CHAMAN •
Modern military and warfare are thought to be incomplete with using GIS It can be use in following arenas of military world. 1. Cruise missile 2. Military drones. 3. Aircraft carriers 4. Auto piolet Aircrafts
Missile Range.
Ghauri I 1500 km
Ghauri II 2500 km
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Accurate Portable Variety of Information Cost Reduction Reliability
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Cyclone tracking and early warning. Flood Monitoring and mapping.
As a result of such animations cyclones and its various aspects such as size, speed, direction, possible area of its operation can easily be monitored. Thus they can effectively be used as a part of early warning system.
Hud Hud cyclone 12 to15 Oct- 2015
2010 Floods of Pakistan Floods are one the most devastating natural disasters, and annually causing heavy losses to human life and property. With the help of satellite imagery we can monitor a flood and all the areas under its effect. People living near the river banks can get early warning as a result of satellite imagery.
Property damage: $43 billion (estimated) Total number of deaths: 1,781
Areas affected: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Pakistan, Sindh, Balochistan, Pakistan, GilgitBaltistan
Road navigation can some time be very difficult especially when finding desired places in large urban centers and unfamiliar country sides. But GPS has made this deadly simple and easy to find any location. Different companies such as GARMIN and NAVIGLOBE are making software and hard wares which can be installed in all sort of platforms such as cars, tanks , and mobile phones etc. Smart phones these days also have sophisticated preinstalled software like Google maps which are also providing turn by turn navigation to its users for free.
We want to use Network analysis for finding shortest distance between place 15 and 215.
Processing
Analysis statistics Total distance 756m Travel time 3 minutes Travel cost. 60 cents
GIS with the help of GPS technology has completely changed the dimensions of the aerial navigation. All the planes including Modern day heavy cargo planes can now roam around the world with autopilot mode without a single person onboard. Currently these cargo planes are operational for almost all parts of the world. And are transporting thousands of tons of goods. Auto piolet cockpit
United States
Afghanistan
GIS is massively used in urban planning as an analytical and modeling tool. It can be solve a wide array of problems. It can be applied in following areas related to urban environment. • Land use planning. • Urban modeling. • Infrastructure development. • Suitable sites identification. • Monitoring urban growth. • Risk assessment. • Urban poverty mapping. • Urban crimes mapping.