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C APT URI N G A passive water and ventilation system for modular stacked housing Course Co-ordinator
KIERAN HAWKINS
Author SANA TABASSUM
Tutors YORGOS LOIZOS NED SCOTT PAGE
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CAPTURING FORCES: A passive water and ventilation system for modular stacked housing BUIL 1074 Technology Dissertation 2018 - 2019 Written by Sana Tabassum to be presented to the Department of Architecture and Landscape at the University of Greenwich as part of the BA (Hons) Architecture course
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Except where stated otherwise, this dissertation is based entirely on the author’s own work
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Abstract
Introduction Site Analysis Building Skin Case Studies Media ICT CH2 Melbourne BedZED London Technical Investigation Wind Catcher
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50 57 60 62 70 71 74 76
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Rainwater Collection Building Skin Conclusion Drawings Technical Section Details Animation Stils Research Methods Statement
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ABSTRACT Capturing wind energy and rainwater is an essential part of the project. The focus for the project will be to passively ventilation the stacked housing units and provide sculptural yet functional elements that can be of use in the domestic spaces in conjunction with the Vietnamese temple. The three main elements designed for these aims are wind catchers, rainwater collectors and a kinetic building services skin. The wind catchers not only catch wind but also release hot air through an exterior vent system. The rainwater will be used on the interior skin of the building to provide a visual performance of water and be used as a cleansing ritualistic feature on each level of the building.
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INTRODUCTION Sustainable energy solutions in a residential setting are the key focus for the technical
dissertation. In order to solve the unpleasant atmospheric and unnecessary qualities of
back end streets and alleys, the need for extra ventilation or energy techniques needs to be addressed.
The service skin for the housing allows for a more organised approach yet it is vital to consider the techniques that can be used to maximise energy efficiency throughout the building.
Aims Each aspect will be researched, developed and tested thoroughly to ensure the best solutions are featured. There are three main technical aims for the project:
1. Getting air in and out of the building by creating a passive ventilation system 2. Collecting and distributing water around the building in an efficient way to function as a part of Vietnamese rituals 3. Extracting building services on to a kinetic skin that provides shade and performs through natural forces PAGE
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Methodology The project will look at prototypes and test models from a variety of projects but focus on certain elements along with two key case studies.
These will inform the way in which elements are designed and also help figure out the lessons learned from each case study so that an improved solution can be created.
The wind catchers and water collection and distribution systems are explored, tested and
implemented into the project to create a passive energy system that is equally sustainable as it is aesthetic and functional. The building skins will tie these elements together whilst also fulfilling a purpose for the building.
The technical drawings and details will illustrate the materiality and construction process of the superstructure, housing units, ventilation and water systems in a small part of the building. It will also consider any programmatic, environmental and technical constraints, and the steps taken to overcome these.
Project Drivers The domestic spaces are a key part of the overall building however
these are essentially a smaller projection of the Vietnamese temple. Religion and culture play an important part in communities based
outside of their home countries, and the main aim for the building
is to bring back qualities that the residents are familiar with as well as creating spaces that are sustainable and energy efficient.
Narrowing down to 3 key aspects of Vietnamese culture that will be defined in the building will help when designing certain elements such as wind turbines. Images and in-depth research allow for a
better understanding of the type of atmosphere and architecture that needs to be integrated into the building.
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SITE ANALYSIS
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Sit e H i s t or y an d C ont e x t Shoreditch is known for its diverse cultural community. A part of this, especially around Kingsland Road, is
Vietnamese culture. Migrants who have moved to the
UK and settled in this area pride themselves on bringing back flavours from their home.
The domestic spaces in the project are a key part of the overall building however these are essentially a smaller projection of the Vietnamese temple. Religion and
culture play an important part in communities based
outside of their home countries, and the main aim for
the building is to bring back qualities that the residents are familiar with as well as creating spaces that are sustainable and energy efficient.
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Site Phot o s Nazrul Street, Shoreditch
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Su n Path D ia gr a m
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7:21 AM
16:09 PM
10:00 AM
13:00 PM
Sun Path Analysis Bus Stops
Mar Equinox Jun Solstice
Bus Routes Public Buildings
Sep Equinox
Dec Solstice
Semi Private Buildings Private Buildings Over 12m High Over 15m High Over 18m High
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Cremer St
Waterson St
Site
Elevation A
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BUILDING SKIN The configuration for the stacked modular housing emulates that of the tube houses commonly found in Vietnam. The ground floor is mainly used as a retail space for either shops or
restaurants, whilst the owners can be situated in the flats above. These modules may be one level studio flats or built with multiple levels for a larger amount of people.
Superstructure
Water Tank Cross Bracing
Steel Mesh Platforms
Satellite Dish
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Studio Flat 2
FLat 1 1F
FLat 1 GF
Shop / Restaurant
The building skins will be facing the street and inner courtyard. These will carry the building services as well as the passive systems such as ventilation shafts and rainwater collection.
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BUILDING SERVICES Minimum space requirement for a 1 bed studio flat
37.0 sq. m
Square meter area in a typical flat in modular housing
41.7 sq. m
Water Supply + Plumbing Water storage cistern Plumbing for 3 kitchens (1 commercial) 2 domestic bathrooms with showers 1 bathroom (restaurant) Hot water system through a central heating boiler*
Keeping in line with the C02 emission reduction plan by 2020, one way is to use high efficiency condensing boilers
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Ventilation
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All levels will have a connection (ventilation shafts) to the rooftop wind catcher that lets air in and out and also features a heat exchanger The requirements for air changes per hour are as follows:
Domestic Dwelling: Restaurant Kitchen:
1 20-60
Opening windows on either side of each unit will also account for passive cross ventilation.
Heating Heat loss calculation for openings are listed below: 5.2 sq. m that are windows. This may vary depending on the use of clip on components that require balcony doors etc. Other heating methods are conventional.
Other building services featured on the services skin are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
General energy supply (gas, electricity) Artificial Lighting Building Control Systems Security Measures Facade Engineering
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CASE STUDIES 1. Media ICT Barcelona 2. CH2 Melbourne + BedZED London Looking at existing projects will help inform the design of elements used in the building. These buildings contain components that have already been tried and tested, meaning optimum shapes and materials can already be used without a long iterative process.
The case studies discussed are from different regions yet identify with the aims and focus of the project. Each one is evaluated with basic project information, specific elements and its application to the project.
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MEDIA-ICT BARCELONA
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Project Details Designed by Cloud 9’s Enric Ruiz Geli, the Media-ICT building is a mixed media hub in the
digital centre of Barcelona. It prides itself on using energy efficiently optimising the surrounding natural forces. For example, the eye-catching ETFE cushioned façade acts as a sunscreen and shade depending on the weather.
The key targets when designing this building were to reduce CO2 levels using a mix of district
cooling, photovoltaics, sensors and the cleverly designed facades. These amount to around 95% of CO2 reduction.
The building houses office spaces as well as exhibition halls that allow for interaction between
the public and users of the building. Technology is also a key driver for the project and so it was important for the architecture to reflect this by incorporating digital creations.
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"In the digital information era, architecture has to be a technological platform, in which connectivity, new materials and nanotechnology are important." PAGE
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Key Elements There are a handful of interesting features in the Media-ICT building that can prove to be an inspiration on a domestic scale. The ETFE façade is meant to represent atoms merging with
concave and convex triangular screens. The layers of plastic will inflate causing the internal air environments to act as a form of natural insulation for the building.
On the south-west façade of the building, the façade is made of two layers of the same plastic, this time filled with nitrogen creating a ‘fog’ effect that also shades the building over a long
period of time. This is known as a solar filter. It not only provides a purpose for the architecture, but lets the building perform.
Application to Project In a similar way, the housing project needs to use the sustainable features and turn them into purposeful elements that provide some sort of relation to Vietnamese culture. The idea of
bringing back a part of familiarity for the residents and doing so in a sustainable manner is a key aim for the project as a whole.
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ETFE Facade
Layers of ETFE cushion reduces solar factor
Grid layout for street elevation on which services are held
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C H2 ME LBOUR N E
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Project Details The main aims for this project involved reducing energy consumption in office and commercial buildings. CH2 is regarded as a prime example of a ‘green’ building, due to its highest rating
of six green stars. There are many elements that have been designed and engineered that use natural features and passive energy systems all while creating a high-quality working space.
Key Elements The building is located in the heart of one of Melbourne’s public boulevards and features eyecatching elements such as recycled timber slats that pivot based on the time of day, shower towers which uses water to work in conjunction with the air conditioning system to create cooled air. Another striking feature are the rooftop wind turbines that add to the passive ventilation system.
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Wind Turbine Development The wind turbines at the top of the building are an interesting feature that have been
repeatedly tested and re-designed. They work with ventilation ducts to pull out stale air from
the interior spaces and replace it with fresh, cool air. It also stores a thermal mass that provides cool air the next day. When designing the turbine elements, the main drivers and costs were two key factors that were checked against each iteration.
Proposal 3 - Solar Accelerators
Proposal 5 - Enlarged Ducts
Shower Towers The shower towers are an interesting element that provide a means of cool air through
collected water. By using evaporative cooling, these towers allow for hot air to cool down and be distributed in the commercia spaces.
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Application to Project Passive ventilation is a key driver in the housing part of the project. Along with a modular
system that uses CLT construction and customisable interiors, sustainability is a larger part of the project. The design of the wind towers derives from a lotus flower, the national flower of
Vietnam and uses turbines to generate electrical energy and extract air at night or when there is less wind.
10 different proposals were designed, and compared based on three factors; environmental
advantages, aesthetic and the cost. Aside from the cost, these factors were also tested against the 3 different models for the wind turbines. This element will be placed on the rooftop
grid structure and will need a clip-on element and will also have to be turned twice a year depending on the wind direction.
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BEDZED LONDON
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Project Details Completed in 2002, Beddington Zero Energy Development – or more commonly known as
BedZED, became known as UK’s first sustainable housing and office space community designed
to create zero carbon emissions. Since its completion, it has received an array of awards and still continues to keep its energy use to a minimum.
A key driver for the project was also to reduce the carbon footprint. This was done by
encouraging alternatives to cars such as walking and buses but also car-sharing and designing high quality pavements.
Key Elements There are many
features in BedZED that make it
a sustainable
community such as recycling facilities, green spaces,
solar and wind
energy elements and of course its
transportation plan. Breaking down the
aims into categories of thermal, electrical and water energy, we can see how these were tackled and designed with care and detail.
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Maintaining a ‘steady and comfortable internal environment’ in the housing was an important task. This would lower the need for extra heating or cooling and could also reduce to need for hot water.
By thinking about the orientation of the building and utilising the southern sun, it started off the process. Further enhanced by the wind cowls on
the roof of the building, it allowed for natural ventilation.Electrical energy efficiency was achieved through installing energy-efficient lightbulbs and domestic appliances as well as visible electrical meters.
Water use was also a key feature as there was a scope for not only managing waste water but also making sure the water consumption was not excessive. Rainwater is harvested on the roofs and stored in order to be used for toilet flushing, gardening and irrigation.
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Wind Cowls The wind cowls are a prominent feature of the housing community. They serve as a means of passive ventilation and also heat incoming fresh air through the outgoing stale air through a heat exchanger. The wind cowls can rotate allowing wind to be pulled through from any direction. It allows for a maintained temperature inside the houses but also renews the air
quality making sure the conditions are suitable for inhabitants. The flaps stop high winds from over ventilating the spaces.
Application to Project The wind cowl element is of interest to the housing project as well as the wind turbines from
the CH2 project. In addition to this, the system for rainwater collection can also be used on a
smaller scale but with the same terms and requirements. The rainwater will mostly be used as a sculptural feature on the roof garden, distributing the water to the east side of the building.
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Diagram of Wind Cowl - Air Flow in and out
Examples of Wind Cowls and Traditional Wind Catchers
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TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION The purpose for the technical investigation is to create certain elements that explore the
technical and constructional aspects of the projects. This can involve the development of certain elements that work together with the structural abilities of the building to work towards a specific aim as previously described earlier on.
The aims for the project are to create a sustainable passive ventilation system and a rainwater system that is integrated into the housing modules. The investigation consists of several
feedback from consultants, development of components, an array of iterative testing phases and conclusions that help enhance the building project.
The domestic spaces are a key part of the overall building however these are essentially a smaller projection of the Vietnamese temple.
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Religion and culture play an important part in communities based outside of their home
countries, and the main aim for the building is to bring back qualities that the residents are familiar with as well as creating spaces that are sustainable and energy efficient.
Narrowing down to 3 key aspects of Vietnamese culture that will be defined in the building will help when designing certain elements such as wind turbines. Images and in-depth research
allow for a better understanding of the type of atmosphere and architecture that needs to be integrated into the building.
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MEETING NOTES At the start of the project, the emphasis was on creating a sustainable building system that
works with the extracted services skin to eliminate the congested atmosphere created by the
‘back of house’ spaces. This can be done by introducing passive energy systems that elevate the design and provide a useful function without the need for extra mechanical equipment.
A meeting with an architectural consultant helped to identify the areas of focus, materiality and possible technical elements that can be implemented.
CLT is a widely used sustainable building material and fits in with the idea of off-site
prefabricated modules that can be fit into the building’s superstructure at any given time, helping to build a community that is user-based.
When thinking about cooling and heating methods, the suggestion of types of passive
ventilation such as cross ventilation, wind catchers, cowls and turbines was also discussed. The inner courtyard space was also a scope to further enhance these ideas.
The next consultations, done with
tutors and other advisors brought about the idea of tying in the
Vietnamese cultural experience from the Temple and implementing that
on a smaller scale, for everyday use through the building’s exterior.
A major part of this was the roof
garden that celebrates sculptural functional building services that
give a sense of a typical Vietnamese garden.
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me
rw in d s
WIND CATCHER su m
winds r e t win
Wind Speed for 2018 in Shoreditch 25+mph 20+mph 15+mph 10+mph 05+mph 00+mph Dec18
Nov18
Oct18
Sep18
Aug18
Jul18
Jun18
May18
Apr18
040 Mar18
Feb18
Jan18
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Model D evel o pm ent
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The bulbous angled shape derives from that of a lotus flower petal, as the lotus
flower is the national flower of Vietnam and appliances on the roof garden are a visual Proposal 1
yet function representation of traditional Vietnamese gardens.
The first iteration was a simple, tapered
cuboid design that is simple but directs a lot of wind through. The second iteration
incorporates a lotus shape however shape was still flat from the top, meaning wind
could move past it rather than directing it Proposal 2
inwards.
In the third iteration, the addition of a
tapered top allows for a more directed
approach. The wind turbine helps increase the air flow and also generate electricity.
The final design is still not fully optimised and is not perhaps as aerodynamic as it could be. Tests using this model will be
done and sail designs will also be added to Proposal 3
see how these elements work together.
Proposal 4
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Main Vent
Angular Seaside Tower - Gruff & MSA
Turbine
Clip-on Legs Lotus Temple, New Delhi
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
Early Card Model - Side View
Sectional Axonometric
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Early Card Model - Front View
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The digital simulation helped visualise the wind flow through the sectional 3D model however it is not an accurate depiction of the actual wind direction and is not as precise as hoped.
Nevertheless, the two tests help convey the idea of capturing wind and ventilating the building.
Wind Speed: 15 m/s
As per average wind speed in Shoreditch (2018)
Testing done with and without wind catcher in Autodesk Flow Design
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P hysi cal m o d el t est s
Video: Model Testing
This prototype was made using a 3D printer. In between, I fixed a bearing so that the top half would rotate. This added some weight to the model, making it harder to spin. The test video
shows air being blown with a hairdryer. A lot of force was needed, so perhaps the design needs to be lighter, with another element to help rotate the mechanism.
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Sai l des ign
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The next step was to create a simple vessel that could catch the wind and be dependent on the sail to rotate the mechanism in the wind direction. Along with this, 3 different sail designs were created to test and implement with the wind catcher.
Sketch of Wind Flow through Wind Cowl - BedZED
Design 1
Design 2
Design 3
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d
Test Ev a l u a t ion a nd S e con d It e r ati on Design Type
Surface Area
Does it Work?
Triangular
8.25 cm2
Yes
Additional Comments
This sail was not placed in an optimised position, Design 1
with a bigger design or integration, it would work quite well.
This didn’t really work even though the surface Design 2
V-shaped
40.5 cm2
No
area was increased, the sail needs to be perpendicular to the front side of the wind catcher
This design was more towards a turbine shape, Design 3
Wings
32.7 cm2
Yes
although it worked, it is not the best aesthetic solution. Yet, it worked.
Testing sails with different sizes and shapes showed that a perpendicular sail, either on top or the side of the wind catcher, of a large surface area will allow for better rotation in order to
catch wind better. A lighter framework for the base vessel is also needed. Along with catching
wind, it will inadvertently release hot air, so some kind of space and mechanism may also need to be incorporated in the next design.
The new design for the windcatcher
has a taller, slender design with a sail integrated at the back.
It also features an opposite opening for
warm air to be extracted out. To test this new design, a new model was made.
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Fi nal Iter a t ion Mo d el
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The ventilation diagram shows the route of air through the building. The windcatcher has two
openings, the larger one being for catching air, and the smaller, subtle opening for letting out air.
The cool air travels along the inner side of the building and into each module. This eventually turns into hot air that travels through the ceiling gaps in between the housing modules and around the kinetic skin back into the wind catcher to escape.
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This model is the final iteration design for the wind catchers. It features a perpendicular sail that catches the wind and pushes the opening of the catcher towards the direction of the wind.
This is showing in the video as the wind comes from the southwest direction.
The changes that were made include making the design taller Video: Final Model
and slender and adding an opening for letting warmer air out. As these arms move slightly, they can provide a functional
ability such as shading louvres or a larger surface area for
clothes drying. The wind catcher is ideally a part of a larger collection of appliances on the roof garden.
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RAINWATER 3. Rai nwa t er C o l l ec t i on and Di st r ibut ion The last part of the technical investigation is a rainwater collection and distribution element that is used as a cleansing system whilst also mimicking rain in a controlled environment
and possibly providing some kind of passive shading system.
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Element D esign
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The basic design for this element involved created a
rain collection system that takes some of the rain and sends it towards the housing units. These will have
small openings that allow the occupant to place their feet in so that they can be naturally cleansed.
Water is an important element in Vietnamese
culture and Buddhist religion. The act of cleansing is something that will be present throughout the building and be transported in and around the
Video: Model Testing
Temple.
The model is made of translucent plastic involved
one of these mechanisms. The purpose was to test
whether the water can be transported for a significant
moment and then drained back to a bottom collection point.
Although the model was functional, there was no
correct way to mimic rainwater and the holes in the
top of the model were too far apart. A way to make
this mechanism better, would be to test with a solid material so that the water does not escape, have
better dispersion of water and possibly have a better purpose for the containment.
For example, the element could also be used as a part of natural shading for the inner part of the building section.
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To develop this element further, the physical model needs to be
watertight and the water needs to be distributed evenly so that it can mimic rainwater inside the contained space.
The drain feature will have to be integrated inside the housing modules with some sort of opening. This drain will be on every level except the
ground floor. The top collection unit could be moved further upwards and placed or attached on to the roof garden along with a sculptural gutter system that transports water around the building.
For 12 stacked housing and commercial modules the rainwater features will be distributed 1 per every two stacks meaning a total of 6 of these components.
They can be further enhanced by changing the outer layer into a
shading system by using smart shading systems or bio-engineered
facades such as the use of algae that can naturally grow and provide shading. The next step is to create a larger model to further test any proportions.
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Model Phase 1
The first test did not have many barriers hence the water simply fell Model Phase 2
elsewhere.
The second approach was more directed which resulted in a better water flow and collection.
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The diagram conveys the basic
principles of the model at 1:20 scale. The water drains would be fitted
vertically according to the number of housing modules.
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The next model is a 1:20 representation of the upper half of the rainwater collection. A means
of collecting the water at the bottom was also used. In the project, this can be a drain that could filter rainwater and recycle to be used in the ground floor shops and commercial spaces or be simply drained.
Initially, a simple slope was added, but the water was simply running off. The addition of a more directed boundary and a slight sloped piece underneath made sure that the water was within the confinements.
There also needs to some kind of specified area and opening in the housing module so that it
does not become a heat loss opening. It also must be designed to be comfortable enough for the occupant to place their feet on the platform without having to stand stuck to the wall.
The test was done with a glass of water, an inaccurate depiction of rain, yet the small holes in
the collection point would mimic the aesthetic of rainwater. This model performed well. There
were no leakages, and there was a clear direction of water that reached the cleansing area and flowed back towards the middle.
A problem was then identified. If the used water is to be recycled back into the parameters of the container, it would need to be filtered somehow so as to not direct the dirty water to the
housing module below. In order to fix this, either the used water needs to be directed elsewhere or several filters need to be placed on each level.
Since the second option could hinder the ‘rain’ aesthetic, there may be a way to direct this
water, filter it through the length of the housing modules and transport it to the street façade skin where it can be used for growing and planting.
Video: Model Testing 2
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BUILDING SKIN
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Wind Catcher
2
Gears
3
Building Services
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Gerberette Balcony
5
Kinetic Arms
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The building services skin holds elements that would naturally be inside the building. This can include electrical, drainage, exhaust or ventilation mechanisms. The purpose of this is
to increase the interior domestic space so that it can become adjustable depending on the occupants preference.
Apart from being this external shelving, it will also work alongside the roof garden to provide
a from of performance. The skin will have 3 kinetic arms that will be able to move inwards and
outwards depending on the wind. Additional shading mechanisms may also be designed going forward.
This idea has been inspired by kinetic mechanisms rather than kinetic facades. Theo Jansen’s ‘Strandbeests’ are engineered kinetic sculptures that can move freely on their own. There
are multiple variations built out of simple materials such as PVC pipes and zip ties. The leg
mechanism is quite interesting as it uses specific lengths of connecting pipes connected to some sort of gear or cog.
This kind of mechanism can
be applied to the façade and
connected to the rotating motion of the wind catchers. In turn, this would move the arms, creating
a larger space for the balconies
or open up elements that allow for more wind flow, such as to
use the natural wind force to dry washing.
Creating a lightweight balcony area or platform on the outer
side of the building allows for
interaction with the service skin.
The rainwater feature and clip on
components will be placed on the
inner sides or the community skin.
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Strandbeest
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CONCLUSION The three key aims at the start of the project were established. They involved creating a passive ventilation system to allow cool air to flow through the building in a sustainable manner. The other aims were to collect rainwater and use it as a part of a ritual within the building and
extract building services on the faรงade of the building in order to create adaptable interiors. The three aims were explored through different approaches. For the ventilation system, the
idea of a wind catcher was created. Unlike traditional wind catchers or stacks, this is a sculptural feature that sits on top of the building to catch air at the highest point.
The design for this was tested thoroughly and additions were made to make the feature
appropriate for the project. The rainwater collector involved figuring out a way to collect
rainwater at the top of the building and easily distribute to each level of housing in one stack. Although the model was simple, it was repeatedly tested for faults.
However, this aspect of the project may be pushed much further. Additions of louvres, or smart
glazing techniques can be applied to make the inner community skin more performative.
The building services skin was a difficult aspect to test. The services are simply relocated on to the faรงade and there is no clear way to test this on a smaller scale. Making the skin a kinetic
element and linking it to the wind catchers allowed for a range of ideas such as creating extra space or allowing interaction between the occupants and the skin of the building.
In conclusion, the technical investigation allowed the project to become clearer and opened up the possibility for radical ideas and design elements.
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DRAWINGS FORCES CAPTURING
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GA Ground Floor
GA First Floor GA Second Floor GA Third Floor GA Roof Plan Axonometric Drawing 1 Axonometric Drawing 2 Technical Section 1:50 Detail 1 Detail 2 Detail 3
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Wind Catcher Sail Incoming Air Outgoing Air Roof Garden Rainwater Collection Roof Structure Gutter Air Vent Kinetic Building Skin Cleansing Drain Air Vent Refuse Chute Gerberette Beam Cafe Module
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Wind Catcher Rainwater Collection Roof Garden Superstructure Empty Modular Space Kinetic Building Skin Courtyard Extract Vent Balcony Refuse Chute
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STRUCTURE, HOUSING MODULES, BUILDING SKIN AXONOMETRIC
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Interior Flooring Screed Insulation Damp Proof Membrane Cross Laminated Timber Air Cavity Hardcore Interior Wall Plasterboard Insulation Steel Bracket Damp Proof Membrane Cross Laminated Timber Exterior Cladding Steel Screws Steel I Beam
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Balcony Railing I Beam Glass Balcony Door Door Frame Insulation Steel Bracket Damp Proof Membrane Cross Laminated Timber Gerberette Beam I Beam Horizontal Beam Cross Laminated Timber
WALL TO BALCONY
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Wind Catcher Roof Garden Mesh Outgoing Air Vent Incoming Air Vent Exterior Roof Cladding Cross Laminated Timber Damp Proof Membrane Insulation Interior Cladding
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ANIMATION STILLS
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Research Methods Statement SITE N
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London
Hackney
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1 . 1 Sit e L oc ati on / D e s c r i ption
hted ghlig a hi are site th wi le sca
he site for this project is located in
Shoreditch, a town that has seen a wave of
transformation in the last 30 years. Known
for its eclectic and diverse neighbourhood, it is the ideal location for a project about Domestic Dioramas.
Previously popular for its high crime
and poverty rates, Shoreditch made a comeback in the 1950s after the Second World War through major reconstruction. The neighbourhood chosen is situated in and near Kingsland Road – close to
Hoxton Station. The Vietnamese ‘Pho Mile’ originates here and the community is a major part of Hackney’s population.
Ax o
no me tri
cV iew
Site Kingsland Road
Nazrul Street
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Soilsc ape ana lys is f or Lo
1.2 Site Env ironm ent
on nd
Site
Loamy Soils Loamy and Clayey Soils Floodplain Soils Acid Loamy Soils Wet, base-rich Loamy and Clayey Soils
n this section the soil type has been mapped out in
London. The soil in Shoreditch is loamy with high grounds water and is considered adequate for building upon. Since there are also existing buildings on the site, it is important to analyse closer what kinds of foundations these have and what the previous buildings may have had.
Another analysis looked at the sun path around the site. There is a mix of building heights and types and for a housing complex with importance on the building skin, light is a key factor. The following sun path diagram shows surrounding transport and building types.
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7:21 AM
16:09 PM
ion A
Elevat 10:00 AM
13:00 PM
Hoxton Station Sun Path Analysis Bus Stops
Mar Equinox
Jun Solstice Sep Equinox Dec Solstice
Bus Routes Public Buildings
Semi Private Buildings Private Buildings Over 12m High Over 15m High Over 18m High
Cremer St
N
Waterson St
Site
Elevation A
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1.3 Site C ont ext
here is pedestrian and vehicular access to the site from Kingsland Road and Nazrul
Street and the adjacent building is a Victorian style, yellow-brick building. The previous page shows the access to the site, train route and main roads.
The popular communities in Shoreditch and Hackney consist of Vietnamese, Eastern European
and Bangladeshi descent. Kingsland Road comprises of a range of restaurants and cafes, along with businesses such as nail salons, barbers and printing companies.
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UN
AZ
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RU
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ST
KI
ALK NW GE
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Hoxton Station
Train Line Pavement
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Road Site
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L FA
C
Gym
SL
M RE
Offices
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KIR
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Green Papaya Vietnamese Restaurant
Housing
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Community Centre / Temple
Housing Housing and Commercial
Mien Tay Pho House Apartments Cremer Business Centre
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1.4 Site St r a t egy
he housing and commercial complexes face
inwards to the courtyard. This type of configuration is
best for increasing energy efficiency and creates spaces that need less artificial lighting.
Since the building is located on a commercial road, it has access from both sides which allow for the multiprogramme entrances.
In Vietnamese culture, Feng-Shui plays an important
role in the home and will be used in depth later on in
the project to determine the placement of certain room types, outdoor elements and extendable features.
Private Entrances Public Entrances Courtyard Site Spaces Adjacent Buildings
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SUBJECT RMS
1.5 Su bjec t A rea
passive ventilation system is created using wind
catchers placed at the top of the building. Individual vessels are fixed in each housing unit to allow air in
and out. A rainwater collection and distribution system will also be placed on the roof and external skin of the building.
The focus for the dissertation will be on these elements that help create a sustainable building. The use of
materials such as CLT will also add to the buildings energy efficiency goal.
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1 .6 Ty pe of Tech n ology
nstead of machinery requiring electrical energy, the wind catchers and
water systems work solely by natural forces.
Wind turbines are also a part of the wind catchers, which have the possibility to create and store electrical energy. The structure of the roof garden and service
skin allows for services to be placed in an organised manner whilst allowing air and water to flow through.
1 .7 Ty pe of Ma te r i als
ateriality is an important factor when designing the building skin and the
individual elements.
The housing units will be created off-site as prefabricated CLT frames that will
be able to inhabit customised rooms that fit together to fit one or more levels depending on the users needs.
The frame structure and delicate skin system will be made from steel beams and columns. The use of Glulam beams will also be used underneath and inside the housing units.
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1.8 Exam pl es of Bu il d i n g s
ew ior Vi r e t x E
entre Georges
Pompidou
Renzo Piano + Richard Rogers
Structural Engineer : Ove Arup & Partners 1977
D et
Technical Drawing PAGE
084
a il P h o t o g r a p h
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Exterior View
opkins House
Hopkins Architects
Hampstead, London 1977
D et
Sec t
ion
a il P h o t o g r a p h
Dr aw i ng
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àm lộc House
V+ Studio Vietnam 2017
Int
Section Drawing PAGE
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e rio
r Ph oto graph
Plans
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eddington Zero Energy Development
(BedZED)
Bill Dunster Wallington 2002
Plan Drawings
D et
a il P h o t o g r a p h
Exterior View
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ip - Up House
Richard Rogers D et
a il P h o t o g r a p h
Exterior Model View
Sketch
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1969
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1.9 Devel o pm ent of Tec h nolog i e s i n Bu il d ing E xa m ple s
LLOY D S BU I L D IN G
he industrialist structure and use of lightweight frames with steel and
wood will be used in the design.
Also using the previous examples, the interior arrangements can be designed to
help create adaptable spaces and pull the services to the exterior of the building.
Having a passive ventilation system and certain design features will also allow for better energy efficiency.
The external elements such as wind cowls and turbines were already developed in the project to test a variety of different factors.
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1 .10 Current Resea rc h Me th od s
n order to create an interesting and innovative
technical building strategy, there will be a mix of desktop research, possible interviews, digital and physical
modelling tests that will test the airflow of the building. Consultations with building service engineers or structural technicians will help to create a lightweight, eco-friendly structure for the building skins.
By creating physical models, it will allow for
experimentation that will not be as easy in digital
modelling. This will be done through laser cut elements and 3D printed functional features.
The majority of the research will be looking into existing ventilation systems, rainwater collection, filtration and sculptural techniques for distribution.
Studying these will help understand the basics of
ventilation design in order to develop these further.
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Technical dissertation that evaluates sustainable energy systems in a modular domestic project that performs through its kinetic services skin. It deals specifically with passive ventilation and rainwater collection through a mixture of physical and digital modelling tests, in-depth case study research and an iterative design method.
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