Different Kinds of Foundations
A foundation is the most fundamental thing for any kind of civil structure. It is the thing on which the entire structure stands. In this particular blog, we are going to see the different kinds of foundations.
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First we will check out what a foundation is,
Foundation (otherwise known as footing) is termed as that portion of the structure that associates and transfers the load from the structure to the ground soil. The solid ground on which the foundation lies is named as the foundation bed. The foundation transmits the the structure load and it's self-weight to the soil with the end goal that a definitive bearing limit of the soil isn't surpassed (the shear failure isn't permissible) and the settlement is mediocre.
Advantages of a foundation:
Load distribution of the structure across a large bearing area
Increasing the overall structural stability
Prevent unequal settlement by loading the bearing surface at a uniform rate
Avoiding lateral movement of the supporting material
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Moving on to the different types of foundations:
Foundations can be broadly classified into shallow foundation and deep foundation based on load transmission.
1. Deep foundation:
Deep foundation are those ones in which the depth of the establishment is more than its width (D>B). The D/B ratio is normally 4-5 for a profound foundation. Not at all like shallow foundation, the deep foundation transfers the superstructure's load vertically to the rock layer placed deep. Profound establishments are utilized when the shallow establishment can't support the structure load.
Classification:
Well/Caissons foundation:
The term caisson alludes to box or a case. These hollow internally and are typically built at the site and soaked in place in a hard bearing strata. As they are costly in construction, they are generally confined to major foundation works. Well foundation are useful when the soil consists huge boulders blocking the penetration amid installation of pile or pier foundations. Caissons are utilized for bridge piers, projections in rivers and lakes and other shore security works. They are utilized to prevent heavy vertical and flat loads and are utilized as a part of the construction of expansive water front structures as pump houses.
Sub classifications:
- Open Caissons - Box Caissons - Pneumatic Caissons
Pier foundation:
Pier foundation are below the ground barrel shaped part that help heavier load of the structure which shallow establishments can't resist. Not at all like pile foundation, this one can just transfer load by bearing. Pier establishment are shallower depth-wise than the pile kind. Pier foundation are utilized when:
- The soil is a firm clay that offers large resistance for driving the bearing pile. - The top layer is a decomposed rock hidden as sound rock strata.
Pile foundation:
Pile is a slim part with little range of cross-area in respect to its length. They can exchange load either by contact or by bearing.
Sub classifications:
Function based:
Friction piles
Bearing piles etc...
Material based:
Concrete piles
Timber piles etc...
Installation method:
Small displacement piles
Large displacement piles etc...
2. Shallow Foundation:
Shallow foundations are those foundations in which the profundity at which the foundation is put is not as much as the width of the establishment (D < B). Shallow establishments are for the most part named as spread footing as they transmit the load of the super structure laterally into the ground.
Classification:
Based on design, shallow foundations can be categorized as:
Cantilever (Strap) Footing
Wall Footing
Mat/Raft Foundation
Combined Footing
Column Footing or Isolated column
As of now, we will not go into the further details of the same. Before concluding, we would like to tell you that, if you want to learn STAAD PRO software,
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