MANIFESTO RE-READINGS STORIES OF HOUSES IN SPAIN
SANDRA KESSELMEIER
Sandra Kesselmeier project 4, re-reading stories of houses in Spain Universidad Alicante 09.01.2016
INDEX
EXERCISE..........................................................................01 SELECTION OF THE HOUSES.......................................01-07 CASA EN LA MORALEJA...............................................08-12 MIGUEL FISAC..............................................................13-14 VIDEO...........................................................................15-16 TECHNIQUE FROM UNIVERSITY...................................17-20 WORKSHOP..................................................................21-22 OUR TEAM.........................................................................23 STORY OF THE PROJECT..................................................24 DISEASE............................................................................25 ACTION DRAWING........................................................26-28 WORK PROCESS...........................................................29-30 SEARCH OF EMOTIONS................................................31-32 FIRST IDEA OF MICRO ARCHITECTURE.......................33-36 SECOND IDEA OF MICRO ARCHITECTURE..................37-39 MICRO ARCHITECTURE................................................40-53 MANIFEST.....................................................................54-57 REFERENCES....................................................................58
EXERCISE In RE-READING STORIES OF HOUSES SPAIN we selected a house, which is built in Spain. We deconstructed the structure of the single-family house. Besides, the therapeutic architecture was in this project very important, so we choose a disease and informed us about it. The next step was the changed of the house with micro architecture, so the house can help the patient. In this point, it was important to see not only the negative aspects of the disease, but also the special qualities, which has only the patient.
SELECTION Casita para Kolonihaven (Barcelona) by Enric Miralles
Casa en la Moraleja (Madrid) by Miguel Fisac
La Casa de la Lluvia (Santander) by Juan Navarro Baldeweg
La Casa de Blas (Madrid) by Alberto Campo Baeza
Casa en Corrubedo (Galicia) by David Chippereld
Casa del Retiro Espiritual (Sevilla) by Emilio Ambasz
Casa en Never Never Land (Ibiza) by Andrés Jaque
Casas en Barrio San Matías (Granada) by Juan Domingo Santos
Can Lis and Can Feliz (Mallorca) by Jørn Utzon
SELECTION OF
THE HOUSES
SELECTION OF 3 HOUSES Casa en Corrubedo (Galicia) by David Chippereld
Casa en la Moraleja (Madrid) by Miguel Fisac
Casa en Never Never Land (Ibiza) by Andrés Jaque
SELECTION OF 2 HOUSES
Casa de la Moraleja - Miguel Fisac
Casa en Never Never Land - AndrĂŠs Jaque
SELECTION OF THE HOUSES The start of this project was the selection of the house, with which we wanted to work. After the search for us alone, we divide us in groups of 3 people and search 3 houses, which came in the close choice. We decide to choose 3 houses: The CASA EN LA MORALEJA Is located in Madrid and was designed by Miguel Fisac. The facade of the house is very special: On the one side are prefabricated white concrete panels and on the other side wood panels. The house is special designed for the house owner, which was a good friend of Fisac. The CASA EN CORRUBEDO It is in Galicia and was designed by David Chipperď€ eld. Besides, it is the summer residence him and his wife. The special of this house is that the house is on the part, where the sea is, full of big windows, so you have on every point inside the house a nice view to the sea. The CASA EN NEVER NEVER LAND The architect AndrĂŠs Jaque built the house on the island Ibiza. The house has some special facts, for instance it has a perfect integration with the natural surroundings, so some trees growing up through the interiors of some of the rooms. After this, we must decide us between these three houses and choose the Casa en la Moraleja and the Casa en Never Never Land. Together in the group we search after information's about the two houses and at the end of this, we decide us to Casa en la Moraleja.
DECISION OF THE SELECTION
CASA DE LA MORALEJA The Casa en la Moraleja de Miguel Fisac is protected through the thick vegetation of the residential colony La Moraleja. The house with prefabricated white concrete panels and wood facade is special designed for the former house owner. He was a friend of Fisac and so he used one of his experiments, the neoprene gaskets to x the window glass without frames. It was the second try of this experiment; the rst one Fisac tried out shortly before in the construction system of his own house and studio. Moreover, the room plane inside is special, too: The main oor is dominated with the living room, gathering areas, dining room, kitchen and two bedrooms. The other rooms are t out on the basement like the garage, the service areas and the dressing room for the pool. These different areas are organized around a uid and continue space.
„I accepted this commission, because the owner -a civil engineer that I know- gave me the green light to do whatever I want. So once again I used exible formworks with white concrete and also tested something I was quite interested in: separating illumination and ventilation in the windows, two function that do not necessarity have to be dealt with using the same element. The glass is held with neoprene gaskets and the room is ventilated through operable cedar wood panels, the same wood that clads the side walls of the house.“ 104 5-6 2003 AV MonografĂas 101
5,4 3,4
7,8
12,2
4,9
working space
private space
bath
bed room parents
15,23
13,73
bath bed room
bath
6,17
bed room
bed room
bath
1,5
bed room
5,5
3,67 9,17
8,17
5,2
4,1
7,2
30째
play area 17 ,7
2,5 7,3
dining room
lobby
kitchen 6,3
4,9
service area bath 2,00
bed room service 6,6
2,9
9,5
Elevation A-A
Elevation B-B
Elevation C-C
Elevation D-D
MIGUEL FISAC Miguel Fisac was a Spanish architect, urban planner and painter. He was born on 29.09.1913 in Daimiel (Cuidad Real). 1930 he began to study architecture at the Universidad Central in Madrid. Between 1930 and 1935 he was at the Universidad Central and at the School on Los Estudios Street. 1942 Fisac graduated as an architect at the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid and was awarded for an End of Studies prize of the Royal Academy of San Fernando. After this, he designs the transformation of the Church of the Holy Spirit, which had good critics. After a work for the Consejo, he got doubts about the architecture in Spain. The Instituto Nacional de Óptica „Daza de Valdés“, which he designed, had been the starting point of his previous architecture, because his concept of the building had a distance from the classical style. In 1949 he travelled to Basel, Paris, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Amsterdam and informed about the rationalist architecture. On the same trip he get to know the work of the Sweden architect Erik Gunnar Asplund and discovered the way between modern architecture for the society of today and the modern means. 1950 he won the rst prize for a competition for economic housing, which was organized by the COAM, but was never built. One year later, he developed his rst patent, a light brick for exterior walls. He used this material for instance for the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Cajal y Ferrán, which is a part of the CSIC. In the following years he got one of the most prestigious and demanded architects.
1955 his Teologado San Pedro Mártir for the Dominicans Friars in Alcobendas has been a point of references of his architecture. 1956 he built his own house, and later studio, in Cerro del Aire and married one year later Ana María Badell. On other trips, for example in Moscow or Berlin, was very interested in the heavy prefabrication in the construction industry and after the trips, he began to experiment with different textures of concrete. 1993 organized the School of Architecture in Munich his rst exhibition. In that year, he had been eighty years old. One year later, in 1994 he got the Gold Medal for Architecture awarded by the Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España. 2000 he won the rst prize in a contest for a construction of a sport centre in Madrid. On 29.09.2003, his ninetieth birthday, he was awarded the National Prize for Architecture. 3 years later, on the 12.05.2006, Miguel Fisac died at his home in Madrid.
“…the bonds of brick, I think, are the result of placing one on top of another, prefabricated prismatic pieces, while concrete is a doughy material which is done in moulds. The most distinctive thing about the two different constructive means is that brick preordains the wall that will be built, because of its own rigid structure, while concrete accepts whatever form it is moulded into”. Complex of Buildings for Work Formation Teacher Training R.N.A. nº 203. Madrid 1958.
VIDEO In this exercise we should explain, what we understand under architecture. In my video, I try to explain, that architecture is a process, which is sometimes hard and long, but at the end, you have a wonderful and amazing result. In this process, you have the choice of many ways and you must decide, which way is for you the right one. But however which way you choose, you must notice, that you need any factors, to design architecture. To be unique, you need a fantastic idea, a concept, which is new different. When you pay attention to all these things, than you have a very good architecture.
you have to ď€ nd your own way
...to be unique.
TECHNIQUE FROM UNIVERSITY
A typical presentation of my university is an image made in Photoshop like the example. We made this one in a project from IMD - Institute of Media and Design. In this exercise we showed a motorway in Texas in a new way. We had a ground plan of this motorway and made with Google Maps screenshots. These we sorted to the positions, which the pictures show. In this process it developed this drawing, which shows 3 ways (in every station of the process we made pictures from one way). In the left side you the edge of the forest, while in the right side there is like a frame for the picture. The same technique I used for this project, to show a new side for the Casa en la Moraleja. On the pictures in the left side you can see the single steps of the process. This work you can use for a development process, to have a new view of your house, because, like my drawing, you see much openings like windows. With this technique, you can see the special quality and the characteristic feature of your project.
the special quality: signiď€ cant windows, because you can see much openings
in spite of all the pictures, you can see still the main structure of the house
WORKSHOP
In the workshop we had the exercise to show the process, which the houses had the changing times. We should try to explain past the progress of living in houses and translated it in the future. With my group, which include Bianca, Anna, Vera and Marta, we decided, that in the past to taken place an expulsion of the nature. So many building were built and nobody cared about the nature. The population of the human rise continuous and so, they must build more buildings. But anytime, they have no more space for the buildings, so the buildings must rise. On the world are now only skyscrapers and the life taking place in the buildings, because for things like streets and places, is not space anymore. Also, there are for instance communities' places like kitchen or living rooms. So in the future, the nature will be knocking back. But the human have another problem: The population is so high, that one planet not has enough place anymore. The buildings cannot be higher, they aren´t more community
space, because the human need all the space. They have not another solution, so they will decide to live on other planets. So, you will have in the "next" future the same picture like in the past on the earth. No human live now on the earth, so all the buildings decompose and the nature comes back. The earth can recover herself.
OUR TEAM Mónica Andrea Hidalgo Pérez University: Universidad Autónoma de la Laguna (Mexico)
Vera Marschall University: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (Germany)
Sandra Kesselmeier University: Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig (Germany)
STORY OF THE PROJECT Miguel Fisac created a house for the engineer Pascual de Juan Zurita, his wife and the seven children. They enough space to play and live for everyone, so the house Casa de la Moraleja was perfect for the big family. Some years later, the children grow up and the parents died, the children decide, that the last brother, which has ď€ ve children, get the house. But one day, the doctor discovered that one of the children, the little girl Paula, had Schizophrenia. The parents were shocked, because they knew nothing about the disease. So they talked with many specialists, like therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists and neurologists. But unfortunately, they realized that there aren´t a cure. Still the father had the idea, that maybe the house from Fisac could help her. When someone developed something like a speciď€ c micro architecture, only for Paula, she can live an almost normal life.
DISEASE Schizophrenia is a physical disorder, which has effects on the personality. The illness can change thoughts, perceptions and even the attitude. The patient cannot distinguish between real and unreal. Typical is, that the patient think someone is behind him, hear voices or see things, which cannot see other people. Schizophrenia is not a personality splitting, but which this illness the patient can show delusions, disorder in the movements or loosing impulse. The patients are in some situations incalculable, because they see or hear things, which are for other people invisible. But a normal life, which includes family, friends and a job, is very important for these peoples. So they have a self-determine life. Only in the more serious cases, where the people risk to self or other peoples, they live in a hospital, sometimes involuntary. 1% of people have Schizophrenia. The most of them fall ill, when they are older than 20 years. Only 2% of the patients show symptoms in the age of children. It is very difď€ cult to recognize the disease in this age, because children change their personality very often and they have frequently mood variation. Only when the child shows often depressions, ideas of delusions or troubles with speaking or writing, it can be that the child has Schizophrenia. The average life expectancy of people with Schizophrenia is ten to twenty ď€ ve years less than the average life expectancy of healthy people. But the disease gives us positive aspects: The patients have a special and different intelligence likes other people. In addition, they have the ability to develop some skills more than children without Schizophrenia and they decide the rules of her lives, they are their own god. After some time, the patients can learn to live with the hallucinations and even control them or turn them to their advantage.
ACTION
DRAWING
In this exercise we must show an action drawing about the disease and how it change the view of the house (for the patient). To solve this exercise, I draw at rst a sketch, where I show the different types of the house and how Paula see them trought the disease. seeing unsharp I have used disorder like hallucinations hallucinations, seeing unsharp and feeling of observation. The hallucination I described, that the fassade has different colours or they blend together. Between the pictures with the house parts, you see something undened in the blue colour. I wanted to show, that feeling of she see sometimes something like observation in a fog and so, she doesn´t know, see something in a fog wether is it real or unreal. After this sketch, I draw the action drawing with the focus of the feeling of observation. For the little girl Paula, she think someone follow her. Also, when she is at home, she has sometimes the same feeling. So, I draw much more windows in the room, as it is in reality. Besides, the ceiling doesn´t exist in this drawing, so she feel herself smaller in a room with much people. In an other fact, I room before the action drawing used a black-white graphic of the people. In the graphic, where is real the ceiling, I made the people bigger, so it seem, that they are very near to the girl. First I think about colourless walls, but I think, it is better, when the walls stand out against the peoples. So it is clearer, that Paula is in the house and the action is real. In this action drawing, you can see, how frightening and appalling it can be, when you think, that all the time someone follow and see you.
WORK PROCESS At rst we reached an agreement about our concept and what the positive aspect of Schizophrenia is. Then we settled, that we wanted to work with the different emotions of Paula, because we think, it is a strong strenght of Paula. After the decicion, which emotions we used, we made a list with the emotions, the denitions and what maybe can help her, to reach the feelings or to ght against them. Then, we made sketches and thought about, how we can show the emotions in a microarchitecture and for the negative ones, what can help her to feel better. We organized the materials and worked on the model. When it was nish, we thought about how we could present our idea in the best way. We made a video, which we uploaded in our blog. In this video, you can see, how the geodesic dome protect the girl, because she has scared, but which the blanket she is happier.
collect the ideas build the model prepare the ď€ nal video
THE SEARCH OF EMOTIONS First of all, we collected emotions, which we want to use for our concept. We looked after positive and negative emotions, because to solve negative situation you must need to see positive effects. After a big collection of positive and negative emotions, we decided to use only a small number of the emotions. So, we can concentrate to the most important emotions for the girl: brave, happy, love, fear and confused. We used theses emotions, because they hang out together. If the girl is confused, than she has fear, she need brave to get happy. And when Paula is happy, she can feel love. It is a circle of emotions and the micro architecture must help her, to break out.
POSITIVE EMOTIONS RELAX HOPE FASZINATED
MOTIVATED BRAVE SAFE HAPPY
LOVE
DREAMY
PEACEFUL
ENJOY
ANGRY
MELANCHOLY
FEAR
SAD HATE CONCERNED LONELY HELPLESS DISTURB FRUSTRATE
CONFUSED
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
LOVE MOTIVATED BRAVE HAPPY
FEAR
CONFUSED DREAMY HOPE
SAD
decision of
5 emotions
BRAVE
FEAR
HAPPY LOVE
CONFUSED
ď€ rst ideas for the
micro architecture
5,2
4,1
7,2
30°
play area ,7 17
12,2
2,5
7,8
3,4
5,4
7,3
working space
bed room parents
lobby private space
4,9
bed room service area
15,23
13,73
bath bed room
bath
kitchen
bath
6,3
4,9
dining room
bath 6,17
bed room
8,17
2,00
bed room service 6,6
2,9
bed room
9,5
bath
1,5
bed room
5,5
3,67 9,17
Paula´s room
We decided that the room from Paula, which has in the family Schizophrenia, is on the end of the house. So she has a calm room, but all of her sisters and brothers are around of her. The ď€ rst idea for the micro architecture was a system with a special wall and ceiling. This system function only with the emotion from Paula and only she can start and conclude the system. The ceiling has different panels of aluminium. With these panels, Paula can open and closed the ceiling. When she is in good mood, the ceiling is open, it show that the ceiling is like a window and her room is full of light. When she has fear or want to be alone, than she can close the ceiling, the room is now dark and she has not anymore the feeling, that someone watch to her. The wall has a similar system: When Paula need security, the panels of the wall opened and it develop a protection, which include the half of the room, so she can go inside and has enough space for her.
CEILING BRAVE
FEAR
HAPPY/LOVE
in differents situations and feelings there are other types of roofs: closes or full of windows to let the world inside the room
CONFUSED
WALL wall in differents moments: open (in case of fear or confused) and closed (in case of hapy and braved moments)
wall, when she is happy or is not in the room (not in use)
when she begin to feel fear or is confused
open the panels
when she need security or want to be alone
2. IDEA OF MICRO
ARCHITECTURE
The second idea of the micro architecture was a system, which can change the whole room with the aid of little circles, which has the same design like the concrete wall. Only Paula can change the room, no one else. Also, she is the leader of this room, of her own world and can adapt the space according to their emotions. The micro architecture can be extended, so the room is able to change, with the wish of Paula, him and therefore it changes his function. When the little girl like, the circles can open itself like a window or they can give the opinion to seat. Paula decides, what the room looks a like and when she wants, the room is for all family member closed or opened.
circles can be like a window or the opinion to seat
THE MODEL OF OUR MICROARCHITECTURE
The wall of the house seems to be very uffy and soft, but in reality, the material of the wall is concrete, so it is very strong and hard. This fact we want to use for our micro architecture: It must be watch very soft, because Paula is still a little girl, but on the other side, she need security. Also, on the rst view, our micro architecture is soft, but in action you can see, that it is very hard and safe.
For this way, we used cotton and glue. Together, after a time, the cotton looks very uffy, but it is hard. It can protect her and is more suitable for children than other materials.
Another material we used was aluminium foil. This is the main part of our micro architecture, because on the one part are the cotton and on the other part of the blanket you can see the aluminium.
The foil function like a mirror, it reect things and in our imagination, it function with the things, which Paula see or hear, too. It reect the voices and hallucinations away from Paula and the cotton on the side, where Paula is, have and when she has no fear anymore and is brave, than she don´t need this part of blanket.
Another part of our model is the geodesic dome. We builted the dome with wood sticks and for the xing, plasticine. The dome represents the protection, which Paula feels, when she is in an environment. It should allows her to develop her skills, which she can test in a safe and comfortable environment. Trough the geodesic dome, she get the feeling, that she can do whatever she want, because in a safe environment she is able to grow out and can live like a normal child.
THE MICRO ARCHI
TECTURE
CONCEPT The concept of our microarchitecture is simple and dependent on 2 words: action and reaction. When it give a dene action, the microarchitecture react. We decided, that the microarchitecture work with sound, light and emotion. When the children are loud or make noise, because they play, the wooden walls with the microarchitecture open and so, the chilren can run into the garden and play outside. At his moment, when the wooden walls are open, there is not a difference between outside and inside, the connection between them is perfect. The same is with the light: The panels of the wooden walls regulate the light in the house. At the morning, the panels open a little bit and so, the house and his house owner can wake up slowy. The whole day, the panels open more and more, until it is early evening. After that, the panels close and when it is night, all panels are close and the wall is like a normal wall. The panels of the wooden wall are dependent to the sound, too. When the chilren are loud, so the panels open faster, as they are silent. When they are silent, the panels open in a normal speed. A special function has the wooden wall in Paula´s room: It´s react only with her emotion. When she is sad or need space for herself, the wooden wall open and and on the fassade grow a stair to her tree house. In this tree house are wind chimes, which have a sedative sound. With this sound and her own space, she can calm down.
wooden walls: seperate the inside from the outside, so the wall is the connection between both. It react to the sound, the light or the emotions. In the end, the borders between inside and outside start to blure.
play area dining room
lobby private space
kitchen
bath
bed room bed room bath bed room bed room
bath
service area bath bed room parents
bed room
tree house: created a special space for the girl. The tree house growing out of the wood fassade. In the tree there are wind chimes, which produce a sound. This sound is familiar to the girl and she calms down.
run area connection of outside/ inside
play area dining room
lobby private space
kitchen
bath
bed room bed room service area
bath bed room bed room
bath
bath
bedrooms of the brothers and sisters
bed room
Paula´s new bedroom
children area
bed room parents
location of the intelligente panels
07. 06. 13. 12. 11. 10. 09. function prinzip of the fassade wings
08.
07.
06.
05. 04. 03. 02. 01.
01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13.
baseplate (concrete) isolation bitumen screed ooring guide rail fassade wings support layer slope creation waterproong auxiliary layer xing pavement and nish
wind chimes produce a calm sound
treehouse, which is for a safe and comfortable space for her own
stairs growing out of the wood fassade
MANIFESTO
The rst questions in the course were: What is architecture for you? How you dene that? With the help of the video and a list of houses in Spain we should show, what we mean, when we say „architecture“. At the same time we should use the list of the houses, to choose houses, which we can use for the denition for our understanding. What is architecture for me? Architecture is a reection of our society. So, architecture is as it were a picture of us. Since centuries the human built houses and each century has his own understanding of architecture. Every time the picture of architecture is different, because for everyone architecture means something different. With this fact, we can say, that the architecture is depend on: - the time, in which the house is built - the architect and his understanding of architecture - the materials, which are at this moment current or “in“ - the location and his culture - different environmental impacts like temperature and vegetation Architecture is not only art. There are so many factors, which must be involve, for instance the technique. With these factors, an idea can be a building. For me, architecture is the connection between art and technique. 1.
„It is not the beauty of a building you should look at; it´s the construction of the foundation that will stand the test of time.“ David Allan Coe
Missed any of art or technique, there can not develop architecture. You need parts, art and technique. Without art your are an engineer, without technique, you are a designer. To be an architect, you must be engineer and designer in one person. 1. brainyquote.com
Furthermore, the fact with the location is really important, too. A good architecture can only function, when it is on the right place. It must be special for the location and not for everywhere. For the location you must nd a Genius Loci, the special spirit of the surrounding. A Genius Loci show the architectural precondition and characteristics of the pace. These can be good and interesting for the rst draft. Although, a Genius Loci describe a site with the location, the surrounding, the atmosphere and the aura. With this Genius Loci, you can create an incredible concept for your architecture. 2.
„It is very important, to understand the spirit and the history of this place- because it is not possible to see architecture only from an image or grow out to an abstraction. It is important to me [...][that] architecture has both: body and soul.“ Daniel Liebeskind
Architecture is like a jigsaw and the little jigsaw parts are like the surrounding, the atmosphere and so on. After the project of RE-READING STORIES OF HOUSES IN SPAIN, I learned another jigsaw parts: The history after the architect or the house owner, which is very important to know, because it can help to understand, why the architect use the concept or the materials. Another fact, which I learned in this project was to work and discuss better with the group members. We were all from different universities, so we had another understanding to solve this project. For instance we discuss about the nal project, especially with the techniques and the design. We all had another ideas for the project, but all in all, we worked together and fond in my opinion the best way to represent our concept of the micro architecture.
2. This quote is from an interview from the radio station MDR and is translated from german. The original quote is: „Es ist absolut wichtig, den Geist des Ortes und seine Geschichte zu verstehen – weil es nicht möglich ist, Architektur nur aus der Bildbetrachtung oder aus der Abstraktion heraus zu entwickeln. [...] Sondern dass Architektur beides hat: Körper und Seele.“
So, what is architecture for me? Architecture is dynamic and individual like the Casa en Never Never Land by Andrés Jaque. It is love in detail and perfect adapted to the surrounding. For a good architecture you need a strong concept to be different like the Casa en la Moraleja by Miguel Fisac. It´s pure, clear and don´t need any special feature. Sometimes, it´s really exceptional like the Casa del Retiro Espiritual by Emilio Ambasz. Architecture is full of light and has magic moments like the Ibaraki Kasugaoka Kyōkai, the church of light by Tadao Ando. It´s epic like the waterfalling house by Frank Llyod Wright and unusual, new like the Phaeno Science Center by Zaha Hadid, but never boring. Architecture is a jigsaw with so much parts like the room plane, the construction, the design and so on. It´s a play. The most exciting play ever.
REFERENCES bibliography re-reading stories of houses in Spain re-reading stories of houses 1 re-reading stories of houses 2 re-reading stories of houses 3 http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/ index.shtml http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/ schizophrenia http://schizophrenia.com/
images pinterest.com jeremysaid.com in-pharmatechnologist.com psychcentral.com familie.de spiritualresearchfoundation.org juergenzwickel.com re-reading stories of houses