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Pediatric Cataract

F. Bandello

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Developments in Ophthalmology

Vol. 57

Series Editor

Milan

Pediatric Cataract Volume Editor

Paolo Nucci

Milan

Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Chennai · New Delhi · Bangkok · Beijing · Shanghai · Tokyo · Kuala Lumpur · Singapore · Sydney

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22 figures, 19 in color, and 3 tables, 2016

Paolo Nucci Department of Ophthalmology University of Milan University Eye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital Via San Vittore 12, IT–20123 Milan (Italy)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Name: Nucci, Paolo, editor. | Title: Pediatric cataract / volume editor, Paolo Nucci.

Other titles: Developments in ophthalmology ; v. 57. 0250-3751 Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2016. | Series: Developments in ophthalmology, ISSN 0250-3751 ; vol. 57 | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016001014| ISBN 9783318058192 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318058208 (eISBN) Subjects: | MESH: Cataract Extraction | Infant | Child | Adolescent Classification: LCC RZ381.C37 | NLM WW 260 | DDC 617.7/42059083--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc. gov/2016001014

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and MEDLINE/Pubmed.

Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.

© Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) ISSN 1662–4874 eISSN 1662–4882 ISBN 978–3–318–05819–2 e-ISBN 978–3–318–05820–8

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Contents

VI VIII

1 15 29 40

49 69 85

List of Contributors Preface Nucci, P. (Milan) Genetics of Congenital Cataract Pichi, F. (Cleveland, Ohio; Milan); Lembo, A.; Serafino, M.; Nucci, P. (Milan) State of the Art in Pediatric Cataract Surgery Nischal, K.K. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) Changes in Ocular Growth after Pediatric Cataract Surgery Lambert, S.R. (Atlanta, Ga.) Incidence of and Risk Factors for Postoperative Glaucoma and Its Treatment in Paediatric Cataract Surgery Mataftsi, A. (Thessaloniki) Visual Rehabilitation in Pediatric Aphakia Repka, M.X. (Baltimore, Md.) Complications of Pediatric Cataract Surgery Gasper, C.; Trivedi, R.H.; Wilson, M.E. (Charleston, S.C.) Complex Cases in Pediatric Cataract Patil-Chhablani, P.; Kekunnaya, R. (Hyderabad); Nischal, K.K. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) Appendix

107

Delphi Process in the Management of Pediatric Cataract Serafino, M.; Castellucci, G.; Banderali, G. (Milan)

109

Subject Index

V

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Online supplementary material: www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000442505

Giuseppe Banderali Department of Pediatrics San Paolo Hospital University of Milan Via A. Di Rudinì 8 IT–20142 Milan (Italy) E-Mail giuseppe.banderali@unimi.it

Scott R. Lambert Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine Emory University 1365-B Clifton Rd Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA) E-Mail slamber@emory.edu

Greta Castellucci University Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital Via San Vittore 12 IT–20123 Milan (Italy) E-Mail greta.castellucci@gmail.com

Andrea Lembo University Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital Via San Vittore 12 IT–20123 Milan (Italy) E-Mail andrealembo1984@hotmail.com

Catherine Gasper Storm Eye Institute Medical University of South Carolina Rm 218, 167 Ashley Avenue Charleston, SC 29401 (USA) E-Mail gasper@musc.edu

Asimina Mataftsi 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki GR–56429 Thessaloniki (Greece) E-Mail mataftsi@doctors.org.uk

Ramesh Kekunnaya L V Prasad Eye Institute Kallam Anji Reddy Campus Hyderabad 500034 (India) E-Mail rameshak@lvpei.org

Kanwal Ken Nischal Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Eye Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC 4401 Penn Ave Pittsburg, PA 15224 (USA) E-mail nischalkk@upmc.edu

VI

List of Contributors

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List of Contributors

Paolo Nucci Department of Ophthalmology University of Milan University Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital Via San Vittore 12 IT–20123 Milan (Italy) E-Mail paolo.nucci@unimi.it

Massimiliano Serafino Department of Ophthalmology University of Milan University Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital Via San Vittore 12 IT–20123 Milan (Italy) E-Mail maxserafino@yahoo.com

Preeti Patil-Chhablani L V Prasad Eye Institute Kallam Anji Reddy Campus Hyderabad 500034 (India) E-Mail preetichhablani@lvpei.org

Rupal H. Trivedi Storm Eye Institute Medical University of South Carolina Rm 218, 167 Ashley Avenue Charleston, SC 29401 (USA) E-Mail trivedi@musc.edu

Michael X. Repka Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 600 North Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21287-9028 (USA) E-Mail mrepka@jhmi.edu

List of Contributors

M. Edward Wilson Storm Eye Institute Medical University of South Carolina Rm 218, 167 Ashley Avenue Charleston, SC 29401 (USA) E-Mail wilsonme@musc.edu

VII

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Francesco Pichi Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106 (USA) E-Mail ilmiticopicchio@gmail.com

One of the clearest memories that I have of my first days as Chief of the Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, after completing my fellowship in Chicago, is my first solo congenital cataract surgery on a 6-month-old boy. I had spent all night reading David Hiles and Albert Biglan papers on the topic. In the late Eighties, YouTube was not available, and reading through articles and book chapters was the only chance to absorb secrets from experts.

Is there still room for books today? Of course the answer is yes, especially when a book is written by people devoted to sharing thorough knowledge and secrets. This is the case for this issue of Developments in Ophthalmology.

Rarely has a topic seen such long-lasting, controversial debate. Whenever and wherever I have participated in a roundtable discussion or scientific session dealing with pediatric cataracts, I have been overwhelmed by different, but totally reasonable, approaches.

The need for a common position has led to the creation of the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group in the US and to a more recent and more inclusive worldwide dialog through the Delphi process to establish fundamental points, anchoring ophthalmologists to a clear protocol, which is useful for clinical and medicolegal reasons in daily practice.

For this book, experts from all over the world accepted my invitation, and I hope that this effort will be appreciated by both scholars and physicians committed to the management of pediatric cataract patients.

The book begins by clarifying the roles of genetics and the systemic workup in the diagnosis. In the next chapters, the authors discuss the ‘state of the art’ in this challenging surgery and the changes in ocular growth after cataract operation.

Visual rehabilitation is then covered, offering modern and truly complete insight into all aspects of post-operative treatment of this population.

Then, complications are discussed, along with a dedicated, and apparently overlapping, chapter on the most fearful and difficult-to-treat sequela of congenital cataract surgery: post-aphakic glaucoma.

The book also covers the treatment of complex cases, given the expertise of surgeons who frequently deal with severe and difficult conditions.

The final part of the book presents an overview of a recently published Delphi process providing consensus and non-consensus areas in the management of pediatric cataract.

Paolo Nucci, Milan

VIII

Preface

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Preface