Figure 14: Matrix & the performance of the 5 selected countries based on CCPI 2022 indicators

The entire graph (Fig. 12) is divided into 5 colours starting from dark green which simbolises very high to red which simbolises very low. In the next phase, 5 countries including India have been selected from each of the colours. In the final phase the selected countries national climate acts or policies have been identified and reviewed based on certain parameters to fulfill the perpose of this chapter. The main limitation while choosing the countries were availability of the data and language barier. Figure 13 shows the performance of the 5 countries in the 4 sectors to get a clear idea of where India is lagging and where it is doing better compared to other countries. The Danish Council on Climate Change in the year 2020. The act went through several process of development before publishing the final one. The Danish Parliament created a political energy accord in 2018 that focused on renewable energy, efficiency, research, development, and regulation. On December 6, 2019, the Danish administration obtained an agreement with 8 of the 10 parties in the Danish Parliament on a new Climate Act. The agreement is enshrined in the Danish Parliament’s Climate Act, which was passed on June 26, 2020. The Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and the Danish Energy Agency have formed a project group to drought the National Energy and Climate Plan. The Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities is in charge of the overall development of the plan, while the Danish Energy Agency is in charge of modeling and scenario development. In addition, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environment and Food, the Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs, the Ministry of Taxation, and the Ministry of Transport and Housing have all contributed to the plan and have been consulted on it.

The subcontinent is on schedule to reach its 2030 emissions target (which is coherent with a wellbelow-2°C scenario), is able to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target of a 40% non-fossil fuel installed power capacity by 2030, and is on track to achieve a targeted 33–35 percent

Figure 13 Matrix & the performance of the 5 selected countries based on CCPI 2022 indicators

Source: Adapted from Climate Change Performance Index. (2022).

3.3 Introduction to the Countries and their Policies

The stated objective of the act is- “To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by 70% compared to the level of emissions in 1990, and for Denmark to achieve a climate-neutral society by 2050 at the latest, taking into account the Paris Agreement target of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.”

3.3.1 Denmark

Denmark ranked 4th in the list and has set example globally in front of other countries to harness the adverse effect of climate change. In every category Denmark stands among the top 10 countries performing “high” in GHG emission, renewable energy and climate policy sectors which indicates that the policies are effectively implemented on ground. The denmark climate act was prepared by

3.3. 2 India

reduction in energy intensity by the same year. India ranked 10th in the list. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was strcutured by Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change in the year 2008, which is long back India ratified for the Paris Agreement in 2016. The Ministry of Environment and Forests decided to prepare a document back in 2007 that would include all actions and initiatives taken by India to harness the negative externalities of climate change in six areas, namely: water resources, agriculture, natural ecosystems, health, Coastal Zone Management, and climate modeling. Followed by this document, the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change decided in 2008 to drought the NAPCC, which described the methods for achieving development goals while addressing climate change issues in the form of eight missions in multiple sectors.

The stated objective of the NAPCC is- “To establish an effective, cooperative and equitable global approach based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilites and respective capabilities, enshrined in the United Nations framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).”

3.3.3 Indonesia

Indonesia ranked 27th in the list. In terms of use of renewable energy the country’s performance is observed to be high. The strategy that Indonesia submitted to UNFCC along with their NDC is the Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience 2050. The report was prepared under the guidance of Directorate General of Climate Change of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (DGCC MoEF) of the Republic of Indonesia. The stated objective of the act is- “To

contribute to global goal and to achieve national development objectives, taking into consideration the balance between emission reduction, economic growth, justice and climate resilience development, to guarantee decent life and healthy environment for all citizens.”

3.3.4 Ireland

Ireland ranked 46th in the list. Like Indonesia, Ireland also performed very well in terms of renewable energy. The Climate Action Plan 2021 was prepared by the Cabinet Committee on Environment and Climate Change, supported by the associated senior officials group. Since the release of the Climate Action Plan 2019, the governance framework has been considerably enhanced to facilitate comprehensive climate action, with the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021 providing the foundation. The Climate Action Delivery Board guaranteed that each department and public entity is held accountable for implementing the Climate Action Plan’s recommendations. The Board also took a look at some of the most important strategic projects and areas of activity. The Cabinet Committee on Environment and Climate Change, with the help of the related senior officials group, promised to be in charge of developing and implementing climate policy across the board. Each quarter, the Cabinet Committee on Environment and Climate Change and the Cabinet aimed to receive a delivery report prior to publication. Simplification of the reporting process was done to make it easier to tell the difference between major measures that result in large emissions reductions and supporting actions. This allowed for more openness in terms of decarbonisation efforts.he stated objective is- “To provide for the approval of plans by the