Figure 21: Response to the vulnerable group as per stakeholders

In India, socio-economical disparity is a prime concern which act as a limitation for a certain group of people to access healthcare and other reliable basic services. It has commonly observed every time that though we talk about the vulnerabilities and aftermath of climate induced changes but we often fail to recognise who are the vulnerable people in the society. It is not a simple process to identify these susceptible populations. Based on secondary resources we have identified the following set of people under the category of vulnerable population I. Urban Poor (Slum dwellers, Homeless, Migrant workers etc.) II. Minor Communities (Women, SC, ST etc.) III. People with stigma and discrimination (HIV/ AIDS, Sexual workers etc.) IV. People with physical disability V. Any other (specify)

Result: The graph (Figure 20) again shows the sense of cohesion among the perception of local decision makers and the academicians. Most of them collectively think that the most vulnerable people during the occurance of any climate induced hazards in India are the urban poors which includes the slum dwellers, homeless people, migrant workers who are often considered as the guest population. Though there is a slight dichotomy been observed between the perception of local

Figure 20 Response to the vulnerable group as per stakeholders

most vulnerable group of individuals in the event of a climate-related disaster

Urban Poor (Slum dwellers, Homeless, Migrant workers etc.) Minor Communities (Women, SC, ST etc.) People with stigma and discrimination (HIV/AIDS, Sexual workers etc.)

Local decision makers Academicians People with physical disability

Source: Authors own interpretation from samples has decision makers and academicians. According to the academicians in India minor communities which include women, sc, st and coastal populations are also vulnerable to climate change where as local decision makers acknowledged them as least vulnerable. Inference: By 2030, 505 of the total Indian population are going to reside in urban areas. Urban poors are the integrated part of the urban area who are mostly the migrated and floating population who come from rural area to urban areas for better job opportunities. But it is often noticed that they are most neglected one while it comes to providing any facilities. It is good to observe that both the local stakeholders and academicians have recognized them as the most vulnerable population who are exposed to climate induced hazards, though it is questionable that despite the awareness how many of the initiatives are being taken on their behalf in the face of climate change.

We discovered the distinct differences between engineering, ecological, and evolutionary resilience when analyzing scholarly literature on resilience. Engineering resilience is primarily concerned with resisting changes and returning to a previous state in order to preserve a crucial characteristic. It’s essentially a single equilibrium state. Ecological resilience also refers to keeping the vital trait while acknowledging that the thing will never return to its original state. It is primarily concerned with numerous equilibrium states. Finally, evolutionary resilience is concerned with adaptation and transformation, and it believes not only in the ability to bounce back but also in the ability to bounce forward. This sort of resilience is primarily concerned with the absence of an equilibrium state. As previously stated, there is some uncertainty and ambiguity in the definition of resilience. However, while implementing on the ground, it is critical to have a clear understanding of resilience. Because