City Food Co.: Growing Detroit One Meal at a Time by Sarah Donnelly

City Food Co.

Focus on growing Detroit one meal at a time

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

acknowledgements

Robert Rabinovitz Norman Fryman Nevin Cohen Graig Donnelly Erik Howard Alison Hertweck Daniel Berry John Mundy Rebecca Salimenn-Witt Patrick Crouch Jackie Victor Nick Seccia

Table of Contents

Abstract Brainstorming Food Accessibility Problem Statement Food: National Landscape Food: New York Detroit Timeline Detroit History Detroit Now Detroit Opportunity Growing Detroit Detroit Food: Case Studies

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Detroit Food: Prototypes Detroit Food: Personas Detroit Food: Scenarios City Food Co. Intervention System Map Inspirations Design Iterations Floor Plans Street View Renderings Logo Research Promotional Material City Food Co. Future Projections References

Everything Is Going To Be Alright, Martin Creed Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

“A thorough reexamination of what a city is, was, and could be is underway in Detroit and the possibilities seem endless. Obviously there are major issues to be dealt with but for those with an idea and the drive to realize it there isn’t a better place to be in the United States right now.” - Andrew Wagner, Editor -in-Chief, ReadyMade Magazine

Abstract

Abandoned staircase in the Michigan Theatre, which is now used for a parking structure.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Context

“As least it’s not as bad as Detroit.” For many years the city of Detroit has been the basis for comparisons on what happens to a city when it faces hardship and cannot see its way out. It has served as a guide of what not to do in an urban environment. With more land than San Francisco, Manhattan and Boston combined and only 800,000 people, it is a hybrid of urban and rural life. The landscape is burned and crumbling, showing the remains of the once-thriving domestic automotive industry. Much of the population ran from their responsibilities to their neighborhoods by moving to the city’s outskirts, not only taking their families and physical belongings, but also their wealth. After years of being the brunt of jokes and being ignored by their own governments, the city now has a burgeoning class of people who want to take back their city through food production.

Abstract

John Hantz, Taja Seville and Patrick Crouch

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Opportunity

â&#x20AC;&#x153;If it can happen in Detroit, it can happen anywhere.â&#x20AC;? While there are numerous groups working towards making Detroit a better place to live through the production and selling of food, a cohesive strategy is yet to be revealed to those living in the immediate community, surrounding suburbs and to the rest of the country. Such organization of a united agenda will be appealing to those wishing to invest in further food-related interventions. Detroit is in a position to show naysayers that it can re-invent itself after facing such economic, social and physical devastation. It is important for the groups to unite in a physical manifestation rather than digital to show its commitment to contributing to the future of the city and being accessible to those who want to get involved. Detroit is a city full of pride and there is much resistance to those who create plans without actually standing on the front lines with those they are intending to serve.

Abstract Retail

forum

dinner party

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

City Food Co.

Solution

Focus on growing Detroit one meal at a time

“Detroit may be the best positioned to become the world’s first one hundred percent food self-sufficient city.” City Food Co. is a source for all things food-related located in the heart of Eastern Market, near downtown Detroit. Its everyday purpose will be to serve as a retail outlet for culinary tools, educational materials and locally-produced food products. Local organizations will be able to reserve its conference space for hosting meetings and community forums. The commercial kitchen space will hold cooking classes for adults and school groups. City Food Co. events will invite local growers, business owners and policy makers for meals prepared by local chefs in order to engage in the necessary dialogue between the stakeholders of the Detroit food scene.

Brainstorming

What is â&#x20AC;&#x153;realâ&#x20AC;? food? organic. local. non-processed

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

What is accessibility? source. education. policy

brainstorming B. SOLD

A. GROWN

GLOBAL

NATIONAL CITY

STATE REGIONAL

How is food distributed? Does scale affect efficiency?

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

What is accessibility? source. education. policy

problem statement

Lack of access to fresh, nutritional food is a problem in both developed and non-developed countries around the world. With the industrialization of food production producing more foods that are not â&#x20AC;&#x153;real,â&#x20AC;? void of processing, obesity rates among children are higher than ever. If the capabilities exist to produce food, then why is world hunger still an epidemic today? Hunger and malnutrition are the #1 risks to health worldwide, greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. World agriculture produces 17 percent more calories per person today than it did 30 years ago, despite a 70 percent population increase.

The principal problem is that many people in the world do not have the sufficient land to grow, or income to purchase, enough food.

The answers might not be in production methods, but in the distribution channels that deliver the food to people. The main reason behind malnutrition is poverty and malnutrition also feeds poverty. Economists estimate that every child whose physical and mental development is stunted by hunger and malnutrition stands to lose 5-10% in lifetime earnings. In order to make fresh food cheaper, the existing distribution channels need to be reworked so the lower operating costs for farmers and corporations can be transferred to consumers. Shifting the focus from the local food movement, an ideology that contains the food supply to those who the capability to grow the food and also those who can afford it, to a more regional perspective could bridge the gap between the food elite and the starving poor.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

What’s missing from the local food chain, the regional food chain, is an infrastructure that makes sense and brings down the cost in the game of sustainable food is in distribution ---it’s not in growing. - Dan Barber, owner Blue Hill and Stone Barns

The goal of this project is not to find the ultimate solution to ending world hunger, but to unfold a new model for the distribution of food in the United States, that will prove operating in a regional food supply system is both a feasible economic and socially responsible strategy to equal access to fresh, nutritious food. There is an opporunity to set the standard for such distribution by beginning in the country’s urban environments. This project will explore the different parties within the political, social and economic sectors that are interested in playing a role in changing the country’s relationship to food, and how they distribute their information to the communities they serve.

food: national landscape Whole Foods Market is committed to the concept of fresh, healthy, local foods. Since the beginning, we have remained committed to supporting local products and the people who supply them. In addition to featuring local products in our stores, we’re putting our money where our mouths are by providing up to $10 million in low-interest loans to independent local farmers and food artisans. We’re proud to support small producers who need a hand, not a handout, to help them make their dreams reality.

Wal-Mart buys more United States agricultural products than any other retailer in the world, and we realize the important role that American farmers play in today’s society — both in terms of ensuring our highquality food supply and supporting the local and national economies. Wal-Mart is committed to purchasing food from local growers for distribution to stores in their areas. This commitment reflects our everimportant goal to provide consumers with quality, affordable, home-grown agricultural selections.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Share Our Strength® is a national organization that works hard to make sure no kid in America grows up hungry. We weave together a net of community groups, activists and food programs to catch children facing hunger and surround them with nutritious food where they live, learn and play. We work with the culinary industry to create engaging, pioneering programs like Share Our Strength’s Taste of the Nation®, Share Our Strength’s Great American Bake Sale®, Share Our Strength’s A Tasteful Pursuit®, Share Our Strength’s Great American Dine Out™, and Share Our Strength’s Operation Frontline®.

This food revolution is about saving America's health by changing the way you eat. It's not just a TV show, it's a movement for you, your family and your community. If you care about your kids and their future take this revolution and make it your own. Educate yourself about food and cooking. Find out what your child is eating at school. Make only a few small changes and magical things will happen. Switching from processed to fresh food will not only make you feel better but it will add years to your life.

food: national landscape

Let’s Move! has an ambitious but important goal: to solve the epidemic of childhood obesity within a generation. “The physical and emotional health of an entire generation and the economic health and security of our nation is at stake,” said Mrs. Obama. “This isn’t the kind of problem that can be solved overnight, but with everyone working together, it can be solved. So, let’s move.” - First Lady Michelle Obama

Let’s Move will give parents the support they need, provide healthier food in schools, help our kids to be more physically active, and make healthy, affordable food available in every part of our country. Join First Lady Michelle Obama, community leaders, teachers, doctors, nurses, moms and dads in a nationwide campaign to tackle the challenge of childhood obesity.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

"Part of our 'Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food' initiative is to link the agricultural community to urban markets to bring new understanding of the importance of healthy eating and provide enhanced access to fresh foods. We expect consumer demand for locally grown food in the U.S. to rise from an estimated $4 billion in 2002 to as much as $7 billion by 2012." - Kathleen Merrigan, Deputy Secretary USDA

This is a USDA-wide effort to create new economic opportunities by better connecting consumers with local producers. It is also the start of a national conversation about the importance of understanding where your food comes from and how it gets to your plate. Today, there is too much distance between the average American and their farmer and we are marshalling resources from across USDA to help create the link between local production and local consumption.

food: new york case studies

bk farmyards is a Brooklyn-based decentralized farming network providing local food to reduce the city’s reliance on fossil fuels and offering local jobs to boost the economy. We are seeking partnerhsips with developers willing to temporarily transform their idle land to farmland; homeowners who want to eat from their own yard; and city agencies holding under-utilized land. Our strategy is to stay nimble, growing food between the cracks of urban development. “We’re willing to work outside of Brooklyn, too. You just have to have space and light.” - Stacey Murphy, owner bk farmyards

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Basis™ is a mission-driven company based in New York City committed to good food for all. We are passionate about good food that is traditional, localized, and 100% traceable. We partner with producers and local communities to sell good food at affordable prices.

“It just doesn’t make sense that we should take food from strangers.” - Bion Bartning, owner Basis

food: new york case studies

Great Performances is the only events company in New York City to operate its own organic farm. This reflects the firm’s love for authentic flavors and commitment to sustainable agricultural practices. Established in 2006, Katchkie Farm, located in upstate New York, provides Great Performances with a connection to locally grown food that makes it possible to provide clients with delicious organic food within 24-36 hours of harvest. The company also runs the Mae Mae cafe next door to its catering facilities in the Tribeca neighborhood of New York City and also produces a product line such as organic ketchups from the Katchkie Farm. “The farm is life-affirming. Food creates community, and the farm is a wonderful extension of that.” - Liz Neumark, CEO Great Performances

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

The Meat Hook and the Brooklyn Kitchen Labs are located in the Williamsburg neighborhood, in Brooklyn, New York. The two shops joined forces in 2009, the Brooklyn Kitchen had previously opened in 2005, and are under one roof to provide a onestop shop environment for local foodies in the neighborhood. In addition to housing a butcher shop and cooking supply store that has everything from classic cookbooks to Le Creuset cookware, the location also has two spaces for rent for those wishing to host cooking classes and private events. “It’s recession-proof. People tend to cook at home, so we might as well have better meat for less money and give them a little help on the side.” - Tom Mylan, owner The Meat Hook

detroit timeline 1701: French army officer, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, founded Detroit. 1701-1800: The city was divided into ribbon farms, narrow strips that ran from the river back one or two miles, which gave each family access to the waterfront. 1817: Legislative act establishes Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania.

1837: Michigan became the nation’s 26th state. 1862: Vernor’s is the oldest soda in America, tied with Hires Root Beer. As the story on the bottle says, when Detroit pharmacist, James Vernor, was called off to the Civil War in 1862, he left behind a “secret mixture” of 19 ingredients in an oak cask. 1875: Sanders was first opened by Fred Sanders June 17, 1875 and started with a single retail shop in Downtown Detroit.

1876: Fred Sanders served his, and the nation’s, first Ice Cream Soda. 1899: Ransom E. Olds established first automobile factory in Detroit.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

1908: First Ford Model T manufactured; General Motors founded. 1909: In 1909, Wayne County built the first mile of concrete highway in the world on Woodward Avenue between Six and Seven Mile roads. 1919: The nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first 4-way three-color traffic light was installed on the corner of Woodward and Michigan Avenues in Detroit. 1920: Going on air in August 20, 1920, 8MK, later renamed WWJ, is believed to be the first station to broadcast regular news reports.

1928: Ford River Rouge Plant completed, largest factory complex in the world, employed 100,000. 1929: Ambassador Bridge opened between Detroit and Windsor, Ontario; at the time was longest bridge in the world. 1930: The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel was completed making it the first traffic tunnel between two nations. 1930: The Cross and Peters company known today as Better Made, was founded on August 1st, 1930.

detroit timeline 1932: Cranbrook Academy of Art is founded. It’s reasonable to say that the work emanating from Cranbrook in the 20th century changed the way people live, and the way they understand art and design. Students include Eero Saarinen, Charles Eames and Florence Knoll. 1935: United Automobile Worker’s Union (UAW) formed in Detroit; Detroit Tigers won World Series. 1941: Auto plants converted for production of war materials, Michigan became known as “Arsenal of Democracy” 1942: The world’s first urban freeway opened to the public, the Davison Freeway. 1945: Detroit Tigers won World Series

1954: Nation’s first regional shopping center, Northland Mall opens, home of the largest Macy’s. 1959: Barry Gordy, Jr. founded Motown Records.

1967: Five days of race riots in Detroit, 43 killed, 1,189 injured, over 7,000 arrested, much of inner city destroyed. 1968: Detroit Tigers won World Series 1974: Gerald Ford became the 38th U. S. President

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

1980s: Originating in the 1980s, largely as an underground movement, the increasingly popular new music proved electronics can be used to express both funk and soul. Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson, a Detroit trio who were high school friends, are considered the Godfathers of Techno.

1984: Detroit Tigers won the World Series 1989: Detroit Pistons won NBA championship 1990: Detroit Pistons won NBA championship 2005: General Motors announced massive job cuts 2008: Detroit Red Wings won 11th Stanley Cup 2008: The CEOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of Ford, Chrysler and General Motors travelled to Washington D.C. to ask Congress for bailout money. 2010: President Barack Obama delivers commencement speech to the 2010 University of Michigan graduating class.

detroit HISTORY

Paris of the Midwest, City of Churches, City of Trees, Motor City, Motown---all of these names have been synonymous with Detroit, once pronounced “day-twah” (from the French le detroit, meaning “the strait”).

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Now Detroit city is gritty, hardworking, and yes, elegant, a city of heart and soul, never easy to capture in a single snapshot.

detroit PRESENT

Kilpatrick pleaded guilty in September 2008 to two felony counts of obstruction of justice stemming from his efforts to cover up an extramarital affair. He also pleaded no contest to charges of assaulting a police officer attempting to serve a subpoena on a Kilpatrick friend in that case. He was accused of blocking a criminal investigation into his office and firing a police deputy to cover up the affair. He served 100 days in jail and was released to five years of probation in February 2009. He was ordered to pay $1 million in restitution as part of his original plea deal.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

“We are stabilizing neighborhoods and the city as a result of a reduced population by Nearly 2 million people used to live in Detroit. Fewer than 900,000 remain. centralizing resources, not “Detroit will probably be a city of 700,000 people when it’s all shrinking its said and done,” says Doug Rothwell, CEO of Business Leadborders.” ers for Michigan. “The big challenge is, What do you do with a population of 700,000 in a geography that can accommodate three times that much?” “We have to be realistic,” says George Jackson, CEO of the Detroit Economic Growth Corp. (DEGC). “This is not about trying to re-create something. We’re not a world-class city.”

- press release from the office of Mayor Dave Bing

Houses in Detroit are selling for an average of $15,000. Mayor Dave Bing and his team are proposing shrinking the city and consolidating neighborhoods, in order to use the given budget to provide better services for its residents.

detroit present Ten Tips For Downsizing Detroit 1. Stop calling it “downsizing.” Nobody is talking about shrinking Detroit’s city limits. Nobody is saying Detroit won’t remain at 139 square miles. And downsizing just sounds bad. Call it “rightsizing” or “regenerating.” Drop “downsizing” from the debate. 2. Never try to forcibly relocate residents. Detroiters share painful memories of the urban renewal battles of the 1950s, when neighborhoods were bulldozed in the name of progress. Just last month, the Rev. Horace Sheffield III referred to Mayor Dave Bing’s downsizing plans as “ethnic cleansing.” 3. Stop selling vacant land to speculators. Each fall, the Wayne County treasurer auctions distressed parcels that have been seized for nonpayment of property taxes. These parcels are mostly vacant lots in Detroit, or lots with dilapidated houses or commercial structures on them. Speculators can buy parcels for as little as $500 each. 4. Merge the Detroit and Wayne County land bank authorities. Both the city and county operate such authorities to deal with tax-foreclosed properties seized by the government. Because of disagreements and distrust between the city and county, these land banks operate separately, contrary to the best models in the country, including the nationally praised Genesee County Land Bank. 5. Prohibit any redevelopment in neighborhoods marked for mothballing. This may seem counterintuitive, because the most abandoned districts would seem to be the ones most eager for redevelopment.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

6. Don’t expect urban farming to solve all the problems. Advocates of urban agriculture sometimes see Detroit filling up all of its empty vistas with city farms. But it is unlikely that urban agriculture will ever occupy more than a small portion of the estimated 40 square miles of vacancy in the city. Multiple strategies will be needed to deal with Detroit’s vacant property problem. 7. Check Cleveland. Cleveland is ahead of most other cities in sponsoring pilot programs to deal with vacant lots. City government and nonprofit leaders have teamed up to sponsor at least 50 pilot proposals in distressed neighborhoods. 8. Use data to understand Detroit’s neighborhoods. Recently, the nonprofit research group Data Driven Detroit produced the city’s most accurate map of housing vacancy. These maps showed the pockets of both abandonment and higher density. 9. Target code enforcement to achieve specific aims. There aren’t enough city inspectors to target all the distressed properties in the city. But by selectively going after absentee landlords who let their properties deteriorate in key districts, the city could speed up the process of seizing those parcels either for blight or unpaid taxes. 10. Use greening strategies to reinvent Detroit. With so much excess land available, the city has the option to become a much more earth-friendly, environmentally sustainable place. Use the vacancy to lace the city with greenways, bicycle lanes, nature trails, pocket parks, urban farms and wildlife habitats. - John Gallagher, Business Writer, Detroit Free Press , May 9, 2010

detroit opportuntiy

“As Detroit rolled into the second half of the twentieth century it had, and still has, its share of big city problems. But today Detroit, “City of Champions,” is ready for a comeback and the chance to recreate the city that it once was.”

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Michigan is being resourceful in finding new industry opportunities to help its economy bounce back from the fall of the automotive companies. The film incentive, officially called the film production credit, is a refundable, assignable tax credit of up to 42% of the amount of a production company’s expenditures (depending upon type) that are incurred in producing a film or other media entertainment project in Michigan.

“Lots of people want to make movies in Detroit... we’re a great backdrop for sci-fi thrillers (The Island) or dramas that need a gritty backdrop (Gran Torino). But not many filmmakers make movies ABOUT this notorious city. That is why Grown in Detroit, a documentary by two Dutch filmmakers, is so impressive.” - Karen Dybis, Time Magazine

detroit opportuntiy

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

www.rethinkdetroit.org

http://www.positivedetroit.net/

www.detroitmoxie.com

Detroit area citizens, business owners, students, voters, homeowners, tax payers, consumers and overall die-hard Michiganders are taking their passion for the city to the Web through social media and blogs in order to capture the voices of those who do not believe Detroit is finished. They believe the city can be better. They believe it can be the place to reimagine the American dream. And they believe they are the ones to lead the way.

detroit: growing the city

Of all the cities in the world, Detroit may be best positioned to become the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first one hundred percent food self-sufficient city.

There is open land, fertile soil, ample water, willing labor, and a desperate demand for decent food. And there is plenty of community will behind the idea of turning the capital of American industry into an agrarian paradise.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Detroit is producing somewhere between 10 and 15 percent of its food supply inside city limits—more than most American cities, but nowhere near enough to allay the food desert problem.

The city lies on one hundred and forty square miles of former farmland. Manhattan, Boston, and San Francisco could be placed inside the borders of Detroit with room to spare, and the population is about the same as the smallest of those cities, San Francisco: eight hundred thousand.

“The untold story is that this [urban agriculture] is not a new thing. It’s been going on here and other places for generations. People who had been growing here for years might not have had the opportunity to tap into the large amount of money now being thrown at it.” - Patrick Crouch

Project Manager, Earthworks Urban Farm

food: detroit case studies

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

“This is a new movement. It’s been going on but its new in an organized fashion, a commercial fashion.” - Jackie Victor

co-owner Avalon Bakery

“We’re working with the folks who will buy the produce on one end, so get restaurants and institutions used to the idea of buying locally-grown produce and what they can expect in the reliability and quality of it. We are working with the growers so they can meet those quality and dependability expectations.” - Rebecca Salimenn-Witt

“The Greening of Detroit, is a 501 (c)(3) not for profit organization, established in 1989 to guide and inspire the reforestation of Detroit. A new vision was established, expanding The Greening’s mission to guide and inspire others to create a ‘greener’ Detroit through planting and educational programs environmental leadership, advocacy, and by building community capacity.” The Greening of Detroit supports hundreds of family and community gardens each year through its participation in The Garden Resource Program Collaborative. The collaborative partners include The Greening of Detroit, Michigan State University Extension, Capuchin Soup Kitchen/ Earth Works Garden and the Detroit Agriculture Network. The Greening of Detroit serves as the fiscal agent for the partnership, providing fundraising services, staffing and program coordination. Each year The Garden Resource Program supports over 200 community, family and school gardens, all producing food for Detroit neighborhoods. Marketing opportunities are available for these community gardeners under the Grown in Detroit® brand at a GRP sponsored booth at Detroit’s Eastern Market and mini-Farmer’s Market’s throughout the city. These gardens are currently producing around 100 tons of food each year, and the program is growing on an average of 20% annually.

president, Greening of Detroit

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

In 1997, Brother Rick Samyn felt a calling to start a garden at his workplace, the Capuchin Soup Kitchen. The response was overwhelming and positive. That small plot of land grew into what is our Urban Farm project today. Earthworks Urban Farm seeks to restore our connection to the environment and community in keeping with the tradition of our spiritual patron, St. Francis. It is a working study in social justice and in knowing the origin of the food we eat This project relies on the gracious donations of time from volunteers and materials from sponsors. Neighbors and friends of all ages, incomes and faiths join us in our work. We hope that you will visit us and see what a special project Earthworks Urban Farm has become.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I think people would be surprised hearing this from me, but simply turning land into large farms is not the answer. What are the system conditions? What about the issues around race and class? There is a complexity of economic systems in Detroit.â&#x20AC;? - Patrick Crouch

Project Manager, Earthworks Urban Farm

Participants of the Garden Resource Program are invited and encouraged to participate in one of 8 Garden cluster groups, which are based on geographic region within the city of Detroit, Highland Park & Hamtramck. The purpose of the cluster groups is to connect gardeners and urban farmers living and working in the same area of the city in order to provide a support network and access to additional resources. Additional resources include tilling, soil testing, compost, wood chips, mulch, weed fabric, tool sharing, and volunteers .

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Detroit’s 138 square miles are home to enough abandoned lots to fill the city of San Francisco. Enter Urban Farming. Urban Farming’s mission is to create an abundance of food for people in need by planting gardens on unused land and space while increasing diversity, educating youth, adults and seniors and providing an environmentally sustainable system to uplift communities.

“I’ve lived in L.A., N.Y., Connecticut, London, Minneapolis, and been around a lot, seen a lot of cities. But I’ve never seen these long stretches of unused land.” - Taja Seville, founder Urban Farming

Corporate sponsors include Home Depot, Triscuit, Atlantic Records and Whole Foods.

In class the day of the announced closing, students reacted angrily, raising questions about day care, credit transfers and the schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban farm. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Schools close while liquor stores open.â&#x20AC;? - Sade Lewis, student, Catherine Ferguson Academy

The Catherine Ferguson Academy for Young Women is an alternative high school located in Detroit, MI. They provide education and resources for pregnant teens, grades 9-12. Many of the teens come from underprivileged backgrounds and are faced with daily challenges that infringe upon their educational opportunities. Lots used for farming and a barn built by the students lie adjacent to the school. The barn houses a variety of farm animals that the students help care for. The school recently implemented an Urban Farming course under the direction of science teacher Paul Weertz. The students learn how to grow and nurture plants in an urban environment. As a result of this farming program, 100 percent of the students have access to fresh produce that is often unavailable to many of the teens. The Ferguson Academy is open to any high school age pregnant teen that lives in Detroit. Each student must be accepted to a two year college or four year university before they are eligible to graduate. On March 17, 2010 Ferguson students learned their school would close and relocate.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

The Detroit Food Policy Council is committed to nurturing the development and maintenance of a sustainable, localized food system and a food-secure city of Detroit in which all of its residents are hunger-free, healthy and benefit economically from the food system that impacts their lives. “The DFPC has been developed to affirm the City of Detroit’s commitment to nurturing the development of a food secure city in which all of its citizens are hunger-free, healthy and benefit from the food systems that impact their lives. This policy also affirms the City of Detroit’s commitment to supporting sustainable food systems that provide people with high quality food, employment, and that also contribute to the long-term well-being of the environment.”

Our objective is to open a number of communitybased grocery stores, the first one serving as a pilot. These stores will provide healthy, quality grocery products at a fair price. Quantity, quality, and variety will be chosen with community help. Better product creates a healthier population. The project, known as Detroit Community Grocery Store Coalition, will work to ensure that workers are from the neighborhoods where the store is located. The idea is to provide a way for workers and the community to build wealth. Essentially, a portion of the store profits from will be reinvested to create similar grocery stores throughout the city of Detroit, thus strengthening other Detroit neighborhoods and benefiting the city as a whole.

According to a 2007 study completed by the research and consulting group Mari Gallagher, roughly 550,000 Detroit residents – more than half the city’s population – have to travel twice as far or farther to get to the closest grocery store as they do to reach the closest fast food restaurant or convenience store.

“The store will operate as a ‘city market’– smaller than a full-service supermarket, which requires a minimum footprint of 30,000 square feet — and carry fewer items.” - Paul Kado co-owner, Sunflower Market

No longer do you have to drive miles and miles and fight traffic to shop for your fresh produce. One can find all of that in Midtown, near Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center Hospitals. All of their produce is handpicked each day by Hollis and Kim from vendors at Eastern Market and from companies in Michigan. It’s the goal of Hollis and Kim at Kim’s Produce to bring healthy deliciousness to Detroit’s Midtown. As a family run business, they have the pleasure of making those community connections and helping to bring Detroit a new business to spur development.

Jason and Paul Kado, owners of the four Detroit-area locations of Rice Bowl restaurants, will break ground on a new Midtown grocery store, Sunflower Market, in May, 2010. The market witll be a new convenience for residents of downtown and growing Midtown, who often complain they have few choices for groceries. While there are several markets on the outskirts of the city and a few independents operate within its borders, Detroit has been without a national grocer since 2007.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

In May, 2010, brothers Michael and Peter Solaka are opening Ye Olde Butcher Shopppe on the main strip of Woodward Avenue in downtown Detroit, reviving their family business of the 1970s and 80s that they helped run as children with their father, which bore the same name. The store plans to offer meat and fish, all non-packaged, along with mops, brooms, cleaning supplies, wine, beer and a patio section for casual dining for customers. “It’s a big project with many challenges, but we’ve got our hearts completely in it,” says Peter.

“The market will be a fullservice, userfriendly urban grocery store. You’ll find everything to put a meal together. Yes, we’ll have English butter, but we’ll also have Land O’ Lakes.” - Michael Solaka

co-owner, Ye Olde Butcher Shoppe

“There’s an openness here that New York and Chicago don’t have. Unlike other cities, here it’s a level playing field -- as opposed to ‘Get in line.’” - Phil Cooley co-owner, Slows Bar BQ

Brothers Phil and Ryan Cooley opened their Slows Bar BQ in the Corktown neighborhood of Detroit, in 2005. Since its opening the restaurant has garnered positive reviews for its food and its contribution to bringing business to the area. Phil has since launched an arts collective, Los Pistoleros, to do volunteer projects. Phil has recently been hosting “underground” dinners in unlikely locations to benefit charity in abandoned buildings throughout the city. He has also hosted national figures and city officials at Slows to discuss future of Michigan Central Depot, the restaurant’s towering neighbor across the street. Ryan is the president of O’Connor Real Estate and Development, whose offices are a few doors down from Slows. “People are looking to move downtown right now,” he says. “People are looking for modern spaces in Detroit, modern living in Detroit’s old neighborhoods, spaces with character.”

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Joseph and Bob McClure have turned their grandfather’s recipe for pickles into a national business that has generated over $300,000 in revenue over the last two years. The recipe and the company’s owners have been featured in The New York Times, the Food Network, Bon Appetit, GQ and “The Martha Stewart Show.” The brothers have expanded their presence outside of Detroit by selling at locations such as The Meat Hook, in Brooklyn, New York. Joseph has arranged participating in the store’s monthly classes by teaching sessions on making pickles. The classes continuously sell out.

“When we started, we didn’t look at this as a revenue maker. We did it because we liked to.” - Joseph McClure

co-owner, McClure’s Pickles

McClure sells two types of pickles — spicy and garlic dill — relish of the same flavors and beerbased mustard online and at more than 100 retail locations across the U.S. Revenue grew from $20,000 in 2007 to more than $300,000 in 2009. McClure handles all of the production at its 2,500-square-foot facility, but by next year he hopes to move the company to a 15,000square-foot space in downtown Detroit.

“What the village was in the 60s in New York, Detroit can be today. You can do it with hard work and grit.” - Jackie Victor co-owner, Avalon Bakery

Jackie Victor and Ann Perrault opened Avalon Bakery in Detroit because they saw an opportunity. Today some 500 customers a day line up to buy Avalon’s breads, scones, muffins, and coffee. They include suburbanites, students from nearby Wayne State University, and area hospital workers. Avalon also supplies top local restaurants and specialty shops with breads and pastries. Victor is skeptic of everyone jumping on the urban farming to save the city. “I think I am suspect of someone with no background in urban agriculture and community organizing. Sure, it can be idealistic, it can be wonderful, but also dangerous.” In regards to Mayor Dave Bing’s strategy to shrink the city, Victor thinks its a step that needs to happen. “On the one hand it’s scary, but everyone know’s he is right. The community needs to engage instead of pushing back. It’s sort of inevitable.” Victor sees Detroit as a great place for one to start a business. “This could be the place where the corner store was reinvented. The fact that national chains have abandoned the city is fabulous for small businesses. They are not sucking up the marketing oxygen and we are not competing with national campaigns.” she says. “I believe Detroit is a gem in the rough for small businesses. There is pent-up demand, little competition, along with low cost of living and real estate prices.”

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Dave Mancini opened Supino Pizzeria in 2009, after spending time reading cookbooks at night after working during the day as a physical therapist. He was inspired by a 2001 trip to his father’s hometown of Supino, Italy. An avid cook, Mancini was so taken with the pizza there that he came home determined to learn how to make it. The idea of making it his career as well came scores and scores of pizzas later, as he baked pies for himself and his friends to perfect the recipe. His pies are a blend of Supino’s and New York’s styles. Like virtually every other pizza maker, he believes the soul of a great pie lies in its crust. And his, of course, has its secrets. “Part of it is that I use a lot of moisture. It’s a very wet dough,” he says. It’s extremely difficult to handle, but its high moisture content makes it bake up lighter and crisper in the 670-degree oven.

“I want to be an urban farmer. I want to start a community garden in some kind of ecovillage with farmers and chefs.” - Tom Howe

freshman, Wayne State University

SEED Wayne is dedicated to building sustainable food systems on the campus of Wayne State University and in Detroit communities. SEED Wayne works in partnership with communitybased organizations promoting food security, urban agriculture, farm-to-institution, and food and fitness planning and policy development. “Michigan has the second most diverse agriculture in the United States [with 150 crops],” says Kami Pothukuchi, associate professor of geography and urban planning at WSU and the founder of the largest inner-city campus with a comprehensive food systems program, that is not run by an agriculture school. “We could add another $2.58 billion to the state’s economy if we increased production of local food by another 10 percent.”

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

“Eastern Market hosts a year-round, large retail market one day a week and a highly seasonal (JuneOctober) Wholesale Market in the early morning hours from Monday-Friday. It is estimated that the retail market draws from 10,000 customers at low season (January-February) to more than 40,000 during peak season (May-September). Michigan is second to California in terms of the number of crops grown commercially but Eastern Market also draws growers from nearby locations in Southern Ontario-the hydroponics capital of Canada, and from the Amish belt that stretches across northern Ohio and Indiana. ...the turmoil in the local economy [that] has marked the past eighteen months with major loss of employment and tax base within southeast Michigan. Against that bleak backdrop, the growing importance of the local food movement has helped make Eastern Market an even more important economic development anchor...”

Some are calling for widespread experimentation with many types of urban agriculture in the city. “This is definitely the time for ready, shoot, aim.” - Dan Carmody

president, Eastern Market Corp.

“As interest grows in re-balancing our food system to a more regional approach and as the wide variety of urban agriculture proposals are implemented, Eastern Market may provide a national model for how to re-build a stronger regional food system.” - Request for Proposal Eastern Market Brand Development

“Economic Impact Starts at the Roots.” “I come from a food family. Everything in my family was based around cooking and eating and getting together around the table.” - Nick Seccia

Executive Chef, The Henry Ford

Mission: As an active member of our local food community here in Southeastern, Michigan, we source a large percentage of our products from family farms and local producers. Through our procurement of locally raised products, we feel that we offer a better tasting, healthier product for our guests as well as helping to sustain and promote our local food community of producers and local family farms. As a result of his involvement in the local food movement, Chef Nick Seccia was selected to be a delegate at Slow Food’s Terra Madre forum in Turin, Italy in October 2006. The event is a global gathering that brings together everyone from farmers and fishermen to chefs, educators and economists so that they can share experiences and help develop new concepts of agriculture and food supply.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Mission: The Rattlesnake features the highest-quality, sustainably harvested seasonal foods combined with the creative work of James Beard Award-Winning Chef Jimmy Schmidt. The Rattlesnake has been honored with the DiRoNa Award, Wine Spectator Award and the Star Diamond Award from The American Academy of Hospitality Sciences.

“There is an opportunity to re-build Detroit from the ground-up, by its people, not by huge corporations. That is truly sustainable.” - John Mundy

Project Manager, Majora Carter Group, LLC

In the late 1990’s Majora Carter took a bold step into the world of urban planning. Shye spearheaded the creation of the South Bronx Greenway – an 11 mile network of bike and pedestrian paths meant to connect neighborhoods to the river front and each other with cost-effective, low impact storm water management capacity, local entrepreneurship opportunities, and active living features to improve public health and reduce traffic congestion – were set in motion. Her consulting group is committed to a larger strategy to move under-performing communities into a healthy and productive economic conditions. “Carter visited Detroit recently to talk up her plan to create a worker-owned urban agriculture cooperative venture. By pooling the efforts of numerous small growers in Detroit, it would attempt to grow big enough to generate real profits and a return for investors. But it would be run by local community growers themselves. That seems to fit midway between Detroit’s hundreds of tiny, volunteer garden plots and the big, mechanized, for-profit farm that businessman John Hantz proposed earlier this year.”

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Detroit-based Hantz Farms L.L.C. seeks to create the world’s largest urban farm on underutilized land in the city of Detroit. The for-profit venture aims to transform Detroit into a destination for fresh, locally grown natural foods, create a viable, beautiful environment that will enhance the city, attract tourism, increase the tax base, create jobs and greatly improve the quality of life in Detroit.

“There’s too much talk around the community and not enough around the individual.” - John Hantz founder, Hantz Farms

Hantz is willing to commit $30 million to the project. He’ll start with a pilot program this spring involving up to 50 acres on Detroit’s east side. “Out of the gates,” he says, “it’ll be the largest urban farm in the world.” The venture was announed March, 2009 and the appointment of President, Michael Score was made on December 15, 2009.

Why can’t this

The Barr Mansion, in Austin, Texas is the first certified organic events facility in the U.S. that opened in 2009. “The Green Ten” 1. The nations first and ONLY Certified Organic events facility 2. Food USDA Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth 3. Gardens are Certified Organic and Certified Wildlife Habitat 4. The Green Restaurant Association’s Highest Scoring Restaurant 5. A Zero Waste facility diverting 97% of our waste stream 6. Linens organic cotton, hemp, linen or recycled fabric 7. All food waste goes to compost and back to the gardens 8. Local, local, local - from vegetables to curtain rods 9. 100% post-consumer paper from Austin’s waste stream for office 10. Austin GreenChoice Renewable Energy Partner

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

happen here? 60

prototypes MASTER LIST Farmers’ market at The Henry Ford Street food vendor district (or Travelling) Grown in Detroit food festival Grown in Detroit cookbook Detroit-based Fresh Direct system Local-based grocery store Culinary schools partnership and scholarship program with local schools Fresh bodega (gas stations) program Zip car (truck?) food pick-up/delivery system Growing Detroit “Zagat” rating system & guide for resatuarants Detroit agriculture awareness campaign (TV spots, farm map, website) Community outreach/partnership campaign with Hantz Farms Meal kits for senior citizens with local produce (Meals on Wheels) Retail box store for Hantz Farms (or other organizations) Herb planters in tires for residential gardens (tires from firestone) Special events space (house or loft) uses all local vendors (i.e. food) Design new packaging for local food to enable efficient regional delivery Bike food delivery service (from big box stores and local gardens) Public transportation bus routes for food shopping New “urban agriculture” brand: individual gardens and commercially focused City Food Co.: mixed-use space in Eastern Market Partnership with Majora Carter Group’s proposal of American City Farm Brand Eastern Market Re-Development Plan to increase traffic to match weekend Transform abandoned automotive factories into food production sites Sell local produce to institutions: hospitals, universities, prisons Barter program vs selling program University of Michigan (nano- technology) used for farming Composting and soil contamination research to designate farm space in city Business plan training kit (flash cards, book, website, social network for growers)

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

personas

Caroline Age: 23 Marital Status: single Children: none Occupation: graduate student, Wayne State University teaching assistant Income: $19,000 Home: apartment on campus in downtown Detroit Transportation: 1998 Ford Focus Cooking: non-existent, depends on take-out

Dave Age: 62 Marital Status: married, 31 years Children: none Occupation: retired middle school teacher Income: $45,000 Home: home in historic neighborhood in Detroit Transportation: 1992 Ford Lincoln Town Car Cooking: gardens in backyard for vegetables, shops at chain grocery store in suburbs for meat

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Kim Age: 32 Marital Status: divorced Children: 6-year-old son Occupation: paralegal for city office Income: $50,000 Home: apartment in Southfield, suburb of Detroit Transportation: 1999 Toyota Camry Cooking: shops at chain grocery store in suburbs, goes to Eastern Market on weekends for produce once a month. wants to learn healthy recipes to make for her son.

Tim Age: 27 Marital Status: single Children: none Occupation: furniture maker Income: $30,000 Home: live/work space in loft in Eastern Market Transportation: none, walks or relies on public transportation Cooking: shops exclusively at Eastern Market since he lives nearby, cooks at home.

city food co. intervention

retail

dinner party

forum

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

City Food Co.

Solution

Focus on growing Detroit one meal at a time

city food co. $69,000 / 7,000 sq. ft

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

“This is an incredible collection of people. They’re people who contribute to Detroit. They’re leaders. Pride is a contagious thing. It could spread out from this neighborhood into the rest of the city.” - Holice P. Wood, resident

city food co: inspirations retail

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : inspirations dinner party

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : inspirations forum

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : inspirations Rooftop Events & green roof

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : design iterations

Several versions of the layout were explored in order to design the most efficient use of the layout, as well as to discover how to incorporate all three facets of the business, retail, dinner party and forum, under one roof.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

Utilizing the roof of the building to host private events would provide another revenue stream in addition to the everyday retail presence on the bottom floor. The roof could be designed as a green roof or house a small vegetable garden. The space could also serve as a lookout point for customers to relax and watch the activity happening in the Eastern Market across the street.

city food co. : floor plans phase one: retail and dinner party

Purchase Price (7,000 sq. ft.) = $70,000 Renovations @ $50/sq. ft. (7,000 sq. ft.) = $350,000 Total Phase One = $420,000

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

phase two: forum and rooftop events

Roof Addition @ $120/ sq. ft. (2,500 sq. ft.) = $300,000 Green Roof @ $15/sq. ft. (4,500 sq. ft.) = $67,500 Total Phase Two = $367,500 Total Both Phases = $787,500

city food co. : street view street view before & after

Photography by Erik Howard

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : logo research

City Food Co.

Focus on growing Detroit one meal at a time

The first semester analysis of the overall food system inspires the logo for City Food Co. to emphasize the partnership necessary between each of the stakeholders of the Detroit food scene.

GLOBAL

CITY

NATIONAL

STATE REGIONAL

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : promotional material poster iteration one

By creating this document that compiles the visual data and overall message of the business, City Food Co. will be able to advertise itself in a variety of formats, including billboards, newspapers, magazines, online, TV spots and window posters at local food businesses.

city food co. : promotional material poster iteration two

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

city food co. : promotional material poster iteration three

city food co. : projections

City Food Co. becomes a gathering place for people in the food movement in the city of Detroit by providing an outlet for organizations to hold forums, private companies to host parties on the roof, and aspiring cooks to learn how to turn the fresh produce being grown in the city into real, everyday meals.

Phase One: Online Extension

Growing Detroit becomes online outlet for those interested in the food movement in Detroit. Serves as the go-to source of information on those growing, selling and buying produce.

Phase Two: Product Extension

Tire Garden is a product sold at City Food Co. It serves as a vehicle for encouraging residents to start growing a portion of their food, no matter how small. As neighbors see other yards with the tires out front, a network is created around a common activity.

Phase Three: Brand Extension

Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market at The Henry Ford is an extension of City Food Co. and of the mission of Eastern Market. The weekly event connects happenings in the City to those occurring in the suburbs.

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

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references Page 19 Chapman, Ben. “Green Business Thumb: bk farmyeards turns little used spaces into booming produce gardens.” Daily News, August 21, 2009. “bk farmyards mission.” http://www.bkfarmyards.com/mission/mission.html Images: bkfarmyards.com Page 20 “About Basis.” http://www.basisfoods.com/about-basis.html “The Culinary Crusader Awards.” Food and Wine. November, 2009. p. 112. Image: “About Basis.” http://www.basisfoods.com/about-basis.html Page 21 “Great Performances Mission.” http://www.greatperformances.com/files/GP_Press%20Kit.pdf http://mycrains.crainsnewyork.com/100women/img/profile_pics/100_neumark.jpg Images: http://mycrains.crainsnewyork.com/100women/img/profile_pics/100_neumark.jpg “Great Performances Logo.” http://www.jalc.org/venues/rates/images/gp_logo.gif Page 22 http://the-meathook.com/ http://www.thebrooklynkitchen.com/store-info/history/ Images: http://gothamist.com/2009/11/18/inside_the_meat_hook.php?gallery0Pic=2#gallery http://gothamist.com/2009/11/18/inside_the_meat_hook.php?gallery0Pic=1#gallery http://www.brooklynpaper.com/stories/32/46/32_46_ac_meat_hook.html Page 23-26 Gavrilovich, Peter and Bill McGraw. The Detroit Almanac. Detroit Free Press, 2000. http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/general.php http://bmchips.com/about-us.aspx http://www.cranbrookart.edu/Pages/History.html http://detroit.about.com/od/shopping/p/NorthlandCenter.htm http://www.elovethiscity.com/detroit/history/10-detroit-facts-you-should-know/ http://mndcnews.com/archives/22606 http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/usstates/mitimeln.htm Images: http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/31vMSdTqgTL._AA280_.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3164/2969887715_f88e7ff2e3_o.jpg http://homepage.mac.com/catservants/iblog/C755781129/E20060430212615/Media/Vernors%20can%20146X250.jpg http://www.sanderscandy.com/index.php?main_page=page&id=1 http://mwcfootball.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/michigan.jpg http://www.pointedairy.com/sanders250.gif http://www.taquitos.net/im/sn/BetterMade-BBQ.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_yAJnDxqfOPQ/SU1tNAB32xI/AAAAAAAAArQ/FJYNqdjasrg/s400/14235__supremes_l.jpg http://www.iog.wayne.edu/images/wwj.jpg http://www.connectmidmichigan.com/uploadedImages/weyi/Sports/Stories/DetroitTigers.jpg http://www.bonluxat.com/cmsense/data/uploads/orig/Charles_Eames_and_Eero_Saarinen_Organic_Chair_Highback_ uao.jpg http://www.eveningnews.com/images/2009/05/18/image5022228.jpg Page 27 Gay, Cheryl. Detroit: Then and Now. Thunder Bay Press, San Diego. 2001. Image: Gay, Cheryl. Detroit: Then and Now. Thunder Bay Press, San Diego. 2001. Page 28 Image: http://dossierjournal.com/look/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/michigan-central-station.jpg Page 29 CNN Wire Staff. “Ex-Detroit Mayor May Be Headed Back to Jail.” April 20, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/04/20/ michigan.former.detroit.mayor/index.html Image: http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/04/20/michigan.former.detroit.mayor/index.html

Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

references Page 30 Whitford, David. “Can Farming Save Detroit?” Fortune Magazine, December 29, 2009. http://money.cnn. com/2009/12/29/news/economy/farming_detroit.fortune/index.htm Oosting, Jonathan. “Downsizing Slowdown?” April 29, 2010. http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2010/04/downsizing_slowdown_detroit_ma.html Image: http://blog.mlive.com/news/detroit_impact/2009/07/090723-dave-bing.jpg Page 31-32 Gallagher, John. “Ten Tips For Downsizing Detroit.” Detroit Free Press. May 9, 2010. http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/ article?AID=/20100509/BUSINESS04/5090541/1318/&template=fullarticle Page 33 Gay, Cheryl. Detroit: Then and Now. Thunder Bay Press, San Diego. 2001. Images: “Belle Isle Fountain.” http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2216/1766816755_a5139f15f2.jpg “Detroit Institute of Arts.” http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/11/23/arts/23detr.xlarge1.jpg “Old Main.” http://www.motorcitytapfest.com/images/locations09/old%20main%20building.jpg “Fox Theatre.” http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3208/2779515265_e153eaa2e6.jpg Page 34 http://www.michigan.gov/documents/filmoffice/film_Incentive_Combined_FAQs_253760_7.pdf Dybis, Karen. “School’s Organic Farm Inspires Film.” Time Magazine, September 28, 2009. http://detroit.blogs.time. com/2009/09/28/schools-organic-farm-inspires-film/ Images: http://media.mlive.com/entertainment/detroit_impact/photo/090910-grown-in-detroitjpg-f40108cfcff7905a_large.jpg “Gran Torino.” http://pastriesandbacon.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/gran-torino-poster1.jpg “Out of Sight.” http://www.wicked-vision.com/images_rv/o/out_of_sight_cover.jpg “8 Mile.” http://www.streetgangs.com/movies/pics/8mile.jpg “Four Brothers” http://www.empiremovies.com/2005/08/11/movie-review-four-brothers/ Page 35 Image: http://declaredetroit.wordpress.com/ Page 36 Images: http://www.detroitmoxie.com/storage/moxie%20banner%205.jpg www.rethinkdetroit.org http://www.positivedetroit.net/ Page 37-38 Dowie, Mark. “Food Among Ruins.” Guernica, August, 2008. http://www.guernicamag.com/spotlight/1182/food_ among_the_ruins/ Page 41 http://www.greeningofdetroit.com/5_2_urban_agriculture.php http://www.greeningofdetroit.com/6_0_our_mission.php Editorial. “A Look At Major Efforts That Hope to Take Root.” Detroit Free Press, March 21, 2010. http://www.freep.com/ article/20100321/NEWS07/3210434/A-look-at-the-major-efforts-that-hope-to-take-root Image: http://www.greeningofdetroit.com/images/interior_images/or_mission.jpg Page 42 Image and Text: http://www.cskdetroit.org/EWG/index.cfm http://www.cskdetroit.org/EWG/value.cfm http://www.cskdetroit.org/EWG/gallery/photogallery/photo.cfm?id=46&catid=4 http://www.detroitagriculture.org/About_us.htm Page 43 http://www.detroitagriculture.org/Cluster_Groups.htm Image: http://www.detroitagriculture.org/images/danlogo.jpg Page 44 “Urban Farming Mission.” http://www.urbanfarming.org/ “Urban Farming A Signal of Detroit’s Decay.” December 11, 2008. http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/business/2008/ December/Urban-Farming-a-Signal-of-Detroit-s-Decay.html Michael McKee and Alex Ortolani. “G.M.’s Bust Turns Detroit Into Urban Prairie of Vacant-Lot Farms.” Bloomberg, December 8, 2009. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aMV8_J49diKs&refer=us

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Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.

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Sarah Garza. Parsons The New School for Design. School of Design Strategies. Design & Management. Senior Thesis. Spring, 2010.