A Transition Centre for Juvenile Offenders By Sarrah Sethjiwala
Thesis Submitted to Arvindbhai Patel Institute of Environmental Design (APIED) D.C. Patel School of Architecture
July, 2022
An extension to Juvenile Centre in Surat, Gujarat. Design Dissertation by Sarrah Sethjiwala Guided by : Prof Kiran Kumar
This is to certify that the Thesis titled A Transition Centre for Juvenile Offenders has been submitted by Sarrah17SA161SethjiwalaTowards Partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of Bachelor of Architecture Degree At D.C. Patel School of Architecture, APIED Affiliated to Sardar Patel University VallabhApprovedVidyanagarby Thesis Chair Prof. Mona Desai Guide Prof. Kiran Kumar Examiner
AcknowledgementALHAMDOLILLAH.
I am grateful to D.C Patel School of Architecture and all the concerned faculties for giving me this opportunity and for the support that helped me complete this thesis.
I express my sincere gratitude towards Prof. Kiran Kumar, my thesis guide for timely discussions and encouragement.
I would like to thank my co guides and colleagues for their valuable suggestions and inspiration throughout the semester. The completion of this study would not have been possible without my family, colleagues and all batchmates, Hamza, Tanvi Chhag, Husain, juniors Jaydeep, Hemdeep and Manasvi.
Table of Contents List Of Figures And Tables ........................................................................................ 3 Undertaking .............................................................................................................. 9 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 11 1. Introduction 15 A. Background Study ................................................................................... 16 B. Research Query and Preliminary Ideas ................................................. 18 C. Aim and Objective .................................................................................. 20 D. Program Justification .............................................................................. 21 E. Need for Study and Design ..................................................................... 22 2. Project Introduction 27 1.1 Understanding User Group ................................................................ 29 1.2 Studying Juvenile Correction Centres .............................................. 31 1.2.1 Inferences .................................................................................. 34 3. Precedent Study ........................................................................................... 37 2.1 Case Study I ............................................................................................ 39 2.2 Case Study II ........................................................................................... 46 2.3 Case Study III ........................................................................................... 50 2.4 Case Study IV .......................................................................................... 56 2.5 Case Study V........................................................................................... 60
4. Site Identification .......................................................................................... 65 3.1 Site Selection ........................................................................................... 68 3.2 Site Analysis ............................................................................................ 69 5. Design Development 79 5.1 Studying Properties of Christopher Alexander ..................................... 80 5.2 Mind Mapping ........................................................................................ 84 5.2 Design Idea ............................................................................................ 84 5.3 Design Idea ............................................................................................. 85 5.4 Conceptual Sketches ............................................................................ 86 5.5 Design Manifestation ............................................................................. 89 5.5.1 Site Plan ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.5.2 Ground Floor Plan ......................................................................... 93 5.5.3 Exploded Isometric ........................................................................ 95 5.5.4 Site Section ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.5.5 Unit Design .....................................................................................100 List of works cited Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Reintegration through transition | 3 List Of Figures And Tables Figure 1 Healing through spaces | Source : Rethinking the future ................... 16 Figure 2 Source: techxplorea ................................................................................ 16 Figure 3 Colour Psychology | Source : followcolours ......................................... 16 Figure 4 Texture Psychology |Source : IAAC blog .............................................. 16 Figure 5 Mental Health Statistics | ........................................................................ 17 Figure 6 Mental Health | ....................................................................................... 17 Figure 7 Prisoner's Mental Health Statistics | Source : CAAPE 17 Figure 8 Psychology and Space | Source: Aastha Trivedi 18 Figure 9 Design Considerations | 19 Figure 10 Psychology Pyramid | ........................................................................... 20 Figure 11 Healing Architecture | Source : Rethinking Future ............................ 20 Figure 12 Return to Prison| Source : Issuu ............................................................ 21 Figure 13 Statistics of Youth Mental Health | Source : Justice Department .... 23 Figure 14 Mental Health Diagnoses | Source : Dept of Juvenile Justice ......... 23 Figure 15 Children in Juvenile Home | Source : Dr. Yogesh Patel / TOI............ 29 Figure 16 Juvenile facilities statistics | Source: Anagha Ajay (thesis) ............. 31 Figure 17 Juvenile offender factors | Source : Anagha Ajay (thesis) 31 Figure 18 Activity mapping | Source: Miloni Patel (thesis) 32 Figure 19 Reasons behind crime | Source: Issuu.com 33 Figure 20 Design challenges | Source: Anagha Ajay (thesis) ........................... 34 Figure 21 Inference of interactions | Source : Anagha Ajay (thesis) ................ 35 Figure 22 Desired behavioural pattern | Source: Ishika Mukherjee (thesis) ..... 36 Figure 23 Visual connections and healing elements | Source : I. Mukherjee.. 36 Figure 24 Phases of site development| Source: dezeen.com .......................... 39 Figure 25 Zoning of spaces | Source: Ben Manarski (proposal) ........................ 40 Figure 26 Design elements | Source: archdaily.com ......................................... 41 Figure 27 Layout of spaces | Source: Ben Manarski .......................................... 44 Figure 28 Colour selection 45 Figure 29 Section of the centre | Source: Advaith Mani 46 Figure 30 Floor Plans | Source: Advaith Mani 47 Figure 31 Functional Arrangement | Source: archdaily.com ........................... 50 Figure 32 Layout types | Source: Deepshika (dissertation) ............................... 51 Figure 33 Plan | Source: Archdaily.com .............................................................. 52 Figure 34 Plan of Prison | Source: Vox (youtube) ............................................... 53 Figure 35 Plan | Source : munisevaashram.com ................................................ 58 Figure 36 Plan | Source: munisevaashram.com ................................................. 59 Figure 37 Conceptualisation | Source: Alpha healing centre .......................... 61 Figure 38 Plan | Source: World Buildings Directory 62
Reintegration through transition | 4 Figure 39 Youth characteristics at varying stages | Source:jjie.org 67 Figure 40 Existing Site Plan | Source : Author 68 Figure 41 Existing Site Section | Source : Author 68 Figure 42 Height Matrix | Source : Author ........................................................... 69 Figure 43 Site Context | Source : Author ............................................................. 69 Figure 44 SWOT Analysis | Source : Author .......................................................... 70 Figure 45 Site View Sun path| Source : Author .................................................. 71 Figure 46 Land Use | Source : Author .................................................................. 71 Figure 47 Levels of scale | Source : Author ......................................................... 80 Figure 48 Boundaries | Source : Author ............................................................... 80 Figure 49 Strong Centres | Source : Author ......................................................... 80 Figure 50 Local Symmetris | Source : Author 81 Figure 51 Good Shape | Source : Author 81 Figure 52 Positive Space | Source : Author 81 Figure 53 Repetition | Source : Author ................................................................ 81 Figure 54 Design Principles | Source : Author ..................................................... 82 Figure 55 Design Principles | Source : Author ..................................................... 83 Figure 56 Mind Mapping | Source: Author .......................................................... 84 Figure 57 Conceptual Ideas | Source: Author .................................................... 84 Figure 58 Conceptual illustrations | Source : Author .......................................... 85 Figure 59 Conceptual Illustrations | Source : Author .......................................... 86 Figure 60 Conceptual Sketches | Source: Author 87 Figure 61 Form Development | Source : Author 88 Figure 62 Transition and Phases | Source : Author 89 Figure 63 Design Manifestation | Source : Author .............................................. 89 Figure 64 Site Plan | Source: Author ..................................................................... 91 Figure 65 Ground Floor Plan | Source: Author .................................................... 93 Figure 66 Exploded Isometric | Source: Author .................................................. 95 Figure 67 Site Sections | Source: Author .............................................................. 97 Figure 68 Site Views | Source : Author ................................................................. 99 Figure 69 Perspective Section | Source : Author ...............................................100 Figure 70 Admin Block | Source : Author 101 Figure 71 Admin Block Views | Source : Author 101 Figure 72 Recreational Space | Source : Author 101 Figure 73 Central Space Section | Source : Author ..........................................101 Figure 74 Central Space Views | Source : Author .............................................101 Figure 75 Kitchen and Dining | Source : Author ................................................101 Figure 76 View from Drive In Space | Source : Author ......................................101 Figure 77 3D view | Source : Author....................................................................101 Figure 78 Internal Layout | Source : Author ......................................................101 Figure 79 Guest Accommodation Block | Source: Author ...............................101
Reintegration through transition | 5 Figure 80 Therapy Space and Sensory Park | Source : Author 101 Figure 81 Material Selection 101 Figure 82 Sensory Elements and Landscape | Source : Rethinkingthefuture 101 Figure 83 Classroom and Workshop Block | Source : Author ...........................101 Figure 84 Classroom and Workshop Block | Source : Author ...........................101 Figure 85 Classroom and Workshop Block Isometric View | Source : Author .101 Figure 86 Zone 2 View | Source : Author ............................................................101 Figure 87 Classroom and Workshop Block Section | Source : Author .............101 Figure 88 Classroom and Workshop Block View | Source : Author .................101 Figure 89 Impact of materials | Source : Rethinking the future .......................101 Figure 90 Overall View (Built and Connectivity) .................................................101 Table 1 User Group Study | Source: Survey 30 Table 2 Program | Source: issuu.com 46 Table 3 Design Program | Source : Author 76 Image 1 Juvenile Home......................................................................................... 32 Image 2 Juvenile Home 32 Image 3 Juvenile Campus | Source : Author 32 Image 4 Indoor Activity Zone | Source : Archdaily.com 42 Image 5 External View| Source : Dezeen.com .................................................. 42 Image 6 External View | Source : Archdaily.com .............................................. 42 Image 7 Colour Scheme and sensory approach | Source: Archdaily.com ... 43 Image 8 Connecting with nature | Source: Dezeen.com ................................ 45 Image 9 Entrance and Central Space| Source: muktangan.org .................... 46 Image 10 Material Exploration | Source: muktangan.org ................................. 46 Image 11 Amphitheatre |Source: Shirishberi.com ............................................. 46 Image 12 Internal Spaces : muktangan.org 48 Image 13 Corridor | Source : shirishberi.com 48 Image 14 Amphitheatre : shirishberi.com 48 Image 15 Internal Spaces : muktangan.org ........................................................ 49 Image 16 Landscape Development | Source: archdaily.com ........................ 50 Image 17 Campus and Internal Views | Source : vox.com .............................. 51 Image 18 Interactive Walls | Source : archdaily.com ....................................... 53 Image 19 Campus Development| Source: Vox.com ........................................ 54 Image 20 Movement | Source: Vox.com ........................................................... 54 Image 21 Material Source: Vox (youtube) .......................................................... 55 Image 22 Functional Division | Source : munisevaashram.org ......................... 56 Image 23 Campus Layout | Source: greenashram.org 56 Image 24 Integration with nature 57
Reintegration through transition | 6 Image 25 Campus Views | Source : Author 58 Image 26 Internal Views | Source : Author 59 Image 27 Concept | Source :(Alpha Healing Centre) youtube.com 60 Image 28 Source: Alpha healing centre ............................................................. 60 Image 29 Landscape Design | Source: Alpha Healing Centre ........................ 61 Image 30 Concept | Source :(Alpha Healing Centre) youtube.com ............. 61 Image 31 Surat in Gujarat | Source: Google ...................................................... 65 Image 32 Climate | Source : Google .................................................................. 65 Image 33 Site Location .......................................................................................... 66 Image 34 Site Selection | Source: Google maps ............................................... 66 Image 35 Surat zones and development| Source: SUDA ................................. 67 Image 36 Site Selection | Source: Google maps 67 Image 37 Site Photos | Source : Author 70 Image 38 Facilities near site | Source: Google Maps 72 Image 39 Source : Google .................................................................................... 80 Image 40 Source : Google .................................................................................... 81 Image 41 Source : Google .................................................................................... 82 Image 42 Source : Google .................................................................................... 83 Image 43 Desing Elements | Source : Author ..................................................... 88
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Sarrah VallabhJune,17SA161Sethjiwala2022Vidyanagar
This work has not been submitted to any other institution for the award of any Degree.
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Undertaking I, Sarrah Sethjiwala the author of the thesis titled A Transition Centre for Juvenile Offenders hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine carried out towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Architecture Degree at D.C. Patel School of Architecture, APIED affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India.
All views and opinions expressed in this dissertation report are mine, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute.
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Since such a facility does not exist in the country, precedent studies such as understanding the quality of healing spaces and designing transitional spaces for rejuvenation to improve mental health and behavioural patterns of people are chosen.
Reintegration through transition | 11 Abstract
The program was created in response to the existing schedule of juvenile offenders at the Correctional Centre, and it has been divided into several phases and zones to ensure that these inmates are prepared to return to Designsociety.
This thesis seeks to investigate and explore how the design of a space can act as a catalyst in creating a healing environment that affects an individual's physical and psychological behaviour as well as offer transition space to take the user/affected person by studying and comprehending the conditions of incarceration and its aftermath.
considerations include the creation of directional spaces, the incorporation of natural light and ventilation, the integration of nature, including functions for interactive and recreational purposes, spatial solutions, and specific colours, forms, and textures while keeping youth mental health in mind.
The site was chosen based on the Juvenile Observation/Correctional Center's current location (Ghod Dod Road, Surat) while keeping in mind the design goal of providing a facility that bridges the gap between juvenile offenders and society in order to reinforce the transition and reintegration process.
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After-care is an important component of any integrated crime prevention program. Many prisoners face significant difficulties reintegrating back into the community after their release.
How can thoughtfully designing our built environments aid in the alleviation of the world's developing psychological problems while also providing a transitional environment?
This thesis introduces a facility that does not currently exist in the country as an extension to Juvenile Centres. It focuses on juvenile aftercare. If accepted, it could be developed further and used as a provision to add another layer and bridge the gap between offenders and society.
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What happens to juvenile offenders after they are incarcerated? Are they capable of healing or reintegrating into society? Can a well designed facility make the transition easier for them?
The juvenile justice system's purpose is to focus on rehabilitation, which entails assisting the youngster in returning to a normal life. Unfortunately, the system does not always succeed, just like any other goal. Lack of funds, overcrowding in facilities, and big caseloads can make it difficult for the system to provide necessary assistance and services leading to juvenile leaving the centre in miserable conditions having no place to return to.
Even if correctional facilities give the best care and make significant success in rehabilitating juveniles, those who are released into their previous environment face many of the same obstacles that initially led to their criminal behaviour. This explains why juveniles are more likely to reoffend soon after being released, but, with continued support in the form of aftercare programs, juveniles are less likely to revert to their previous habits.
Introduction
d) How natural materials can act as a healing catalyst in the environment.
b) To learn about different aspects of architecture and the human psyche
c) To investigate the concept of sensory architecture in order to comprehend man's relationship with his surroundings.
Reintegration through transition | 16 A. Background Study
Figure 1 Healing through spaces | Source : Rethinking the future Figure 2 Source: techxplorea
Figure 3 Colour Psychology | Source : followcolours Figure 4 Texture Psychology |Source : IAAC blog
With the growing population and their reliance on drugs to treat illness, it is becoming increasingly vital to rely on natural means, therapies, and remedies, which are being overlooked due to a lack of understanding among the general public. The use of architecture to manipulate space can help to create a healing environment that can change a person's physical and psychological a)behaviour.Howcan environments be built to support people's healing processes?
Beggars/ragpickers/street:
children, ex prisoners, farmers, drug addicts, specially abled.
5 Mental Health Statistics | Source : US Dept of Justice Figure 6 Mental Health | Source : Centers for Disease Control
Reintegration through transition | 17 Figure 7 Prisoner's Mental Health Statistics | Source : CAAPE Exploring target groups and mental health issues through statistics: Potential Target Groups
considerations
In order to compliment the initial idea, various target groups were explored to design the most appropriate facility, that might also be the need of the hour and hasn’t been given special attention in the current scenario. Each target group was studied while simultaneously studying the design and the facilities that could be designed to cater those in need.Figure
Reintegration through transition | 18 B. Research Query and Preliminary Ideas How can thoughtfully designing our built environments aid in the alleviation of the world's developing psychological problems while also providing a transitional environment? (People with mental health issues overreact to certain things and under react to others, A built environment can raise an occupant's consciousness and awareness, as well as trigger or stimulate the senses, resulting in a more holistic perception of one's surroundings. Architects' manipulation of space can act as a catalyst in the creation of a healing environment, influencing a person's physical and psychological behaviour. ARCHITECTURE.EMOTION.BODY. ReinterpretationPhenomenologicalA
Figure 10 Dimensions
Figure 8 Psychology of Architecture | Source : Aastha Trivedi 8 Psychology and Space Aastha Trivedi of wellness : Mindbody
Figure
| Source:
| Source
Reintegration through transition | 19 Design Considerations: Spatial Layout Furniture Visual and Aural Interest Art Biophilic Design Nature oriented Light and colour Calming acoustics Modern technology Sense of control Sensory experience. Privacysense of security ease and ability to reflect Communityopportunities for interaction Reflectionselfawareness and spirituality ComfortrefreshingtranquilitysurroundingsreducesanxietyandstressTherolearchitecturecanplay in the experience of real time circumstances is becoming increasingly intriguing in our modern age, when so many of our social experiences are Whatvirtual. impact can architecture have on our emotions, and what design interventions may be done to assist us cope with the chaos of everyday life? Figure 9 Design Considerations | Source : inhabitat.com
Reintegration through transition | 20 C. Aim and Objective ToAimease the transition from incarceration to community life by providing mental therapy, short term housing, independent living skills, food, medical assistance, education, skill training, and placement assistance to released young offenders, while keeping holistic care in mind through spaces. ToObjectiveassistoffenders in reintegrating into society by easing the transition and preparing them to face challenges upon their return to the community by developing appropriate skills and desired behavioural patterns to keep them from committing crimes again. Figure 11 Healing Architecture | Source : Rethinking Future Figure 10 Psychology Pyramid | Source : American Psychological Association Figure 14 Detention Facilities | Source : National Research Council Figure 15 Psychiatric Statistics | Source : Research Gate
D.
2/3rd of released inmates return to prison within 5 years. They are unable to reintegrate back into the society.
Hence, post incarceration transition has to be given attention. The best penological practices will be rendered meaningless in the absence of proper aftercare and strict follow up. When ex prisoners, particularly young ex prisoners, leave the correctional institution, the most difficult part of their punishment awaits them.
Reintegration through transition | 21 Program Justification After care is an integral component of any integrated crime prevention program. After being released, many inmates face severe difficulties reintegrating back into society.
Figure 12 Return to Prison| Source : Issuu
Parson's 2009 study establishes a link between one's mental state and their surroundings. The architecture of a space, its response to light, air quality, and interaction with people all have a significant impact on one's mental health.
Architectural Challenges
Increasing Juvenile offenders in the country.
• Designing spaces that adapt with the user.
• Movement and circulation spaces.
• It is deemed vital to understand the correlation between said spaces and their psychological impact on one’s mind.
22
• Maintaining adequate amount of light and ventilation.
• Creating spaces and volumes that interact with the admitted delinquents.
The issue of Punishment over Correction incites a streak of violence and rebellion rather than a chance for reform. Imbuing the fundamentals of healing and sensory design in their surroundings allows for their holistic development as an individual.
Reintegration through transition | E. Need for Study and Design
• A three way interaction of the built, it’s inhabitants, and the natural openInterventionsspaces. regarding the “threshold space” linkage between public and private space
• Systems of Indoor and outdoor air quality.
• Textures, materials and colour palette involved in the design catering to mental healing.
Research/Design Approach
The role of architectural spaces in providing healing environments
Lack of training and knowledge on the part of these employees leads to harsh behaviour toward the children, which may exacerbate the problem.
Some of the limiting factors are social workers' and child care institution staff's lack of understanding of child psychology and deviant behaviour.
Figure 14 Mental Health Diagnoses | Source : Dept of Juvenile Justice Figure 13 Statistics of Youth and Mental Health | Source : Juvenile Justice Department
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The Juvenile Justice Act requires that children's mental health and well being be prioritised; however, this mandate does not appear to be met in practice.
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Project
Reintegration through transition | 27 Introduction
To ease the transition from incarceration to community life the design program includes providing mental therapy, short term housing, independent living skills, food, transition spaces, education, skill training, sensory based activities, a platform to exhibit their work and showcase their skills in forms of performances, kiosks to sell their products are some out of many facilities provided to the released young offenders for holistic growth and progress. This space provides a buffer and much needed transition to prevent recidivism, as majority of these offenders have nowhere to go and have lost direction.
In this thesis, a transitional facility for young offenders is introduced to provide phase wise development to make them capable of re establishing their lives post incarceration as they have a long life ahead of them.
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Locking up children during these critical years has an impact on their development. It increases children's risk of depression, suicide, and self harm, among other things, and leads to poor emotional development, poor educational outcomes, and further fractures family relationships.
Most of such juvenile aren’t accepted back by family or society, a few go to orphanages or recommit crimes. Children in Juvenile Home | Source : Dr. Yogesh Patel / Times of India
How do they behave after being released?
Reintegration through transition | 29 1.1 Understanding User Group
Who is a Juvenile ? A young person under the age of 18. What is Juvenile Delinquency ?
Juveniles accused of committing a crime may have their case heard in juvenile court, which is a type of civil court with different rules than an adult criminal court. In some cases, older juveniles can be tried in criminal court as adults. Why do they commit crime? their brains aren't fully developed, they have mental health problems and their impulse control mechanisms aren't fully in place, which can be exacerbated by economic and social deprivation, poverty, peer pressure, or substance abuse.
Where do they go after being released?
Figure 15
Reintegration through transition | 30 40 % Juvenile leave correctional centres in a miserable condition. LOSS OF POWER - LOSS OF EMOTIONAL SECURITY LOSS OF FREEDOM - LOSS OF LOCATION 1 Leaving Education: 48 % Dropout in 1st 7th 20 % Dropout in 8th 10th 7 % Dropout in 11th12th 5 % Dropout in college 20 % Illiterate Age group committing crime : 69 % 16 18 years 22 % 14 15 years 9 % Below 14 years 2 3 4 5 6 Types of crime : 32 % ½ Murder 19 % Theft 17 % Murder 14 % Drug 11 % Kidnap 7 % CompanyRapewhile committing crime: 48 % Commit crimes with friends 40 % Individually 12 % With unknown people 74Background:%Urban Area 26 % Rural Area House Ownership: 56 % Rented House 22 % Kaccha house 13 % Own house 9 % With relative or on street Table 1 User Group Study
Reintegration through transition | 31 1.2 Studying Juvenile Correction Centres Purpose Detention of children in conflict with law Duration Less than 3 years Establishment State government / NGO Gender Separate for girls and boys Age group For girls : Above 10 years For boys : 11 15 years and 16 18 years Classification basis Age, nature of offences, mental and physical state Figure 16 Juvenile facilities statistics | Source: Anagha Ajay (thesis) Figure 17 Juvenile offender factors | Source : Anagha Ajay (thesis)
Reintegration through transition | 32 Juveniles are kept occupied throughout the day. Figure 18 Activity mapping | Source: Miloni Patel (thesis) Image 1 Juvenile HomeImage 2 Juvenile Home Image 3 Juvenile Campus | Source : Author J U V E N I L E H O M E
Reintegration through transition | 33 Common reasons behind committing crime Peer pressure Poor educational standards Violence at neighborhoodhome/ Socio economic factors Adolescence Instability Disintegration in MigrationfamilyModern Lifestyle Figure 19 Reasons behind crime | Source: Issuu.com
Reintegration through transition | 34 1.2.1 Inferences (psychosocialCHALLENGESDESIGNbehavior) Interactionvolumeswith Responding to effects ofdirectionaldensityWayfinding/spaces Healing through spaces effectsControllingofnoise Responding to all senses Balancing freedom and TransitioncontrolPrivacyisneeded in society to develop acceptance of these inmates as much as the offenders themselves. Figure 20 Design challenges | Source: Anagha Ajay (thesis)
Reintegration through transition | 35 TYPICAL INFERENCE Obstructed Connected RestrictSeparationContact Promote Gatherings Stagnant PermitProgressiveContact Direct and indirect interactions Figure 21 Inference of interactions | Source : Anagha Ajay (thesis)
Reintegration through transition | 36 Figure 22 Desired behavioural pattern | Source: Ishika Mukherjee (thesis) Relation of openings and visual connection: Light and SerenityWaterInteractionshadowandSpaceSoundandtransparencyDiversity Figure 23 Visual connections and healing elements | Source : Ishika Mukherjee(thesis)
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Figure 24 Phases of site development| Source: dezeen.com
The project's main idea is to challenge the stereotype of rehabilitation by making it a welcoming, pleasant, and comforting experience for the user through unconventional means.Thebrown
Reintegration through transition | 39 2.1 Case Study I Rehabilitation Centre at Groot Kilmmendaal, Netherlands
golden anodized aluminum facade allows the building to blend in with its natural surroundings as it gradually fans out towards the top and cantilevers out over the surrounding terrain.
Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Groot Klimmendaal Rehabilitation Centre offers clinical care as well as outpatient rehabilitation to children, adolescents, and adults (specially patients suffering from respiratory problems).
Architect: Koen van Velsen Area: 14000 sq m
Site plan It is part of a master plan that envisions the area, which is mostly occupied by one and two story buildings, gradually being transformed into a public park landscape.
Figure 25 Site plan | Source: dezeen.com
Reintegration through transition | 40 Public Private Elevation Figure 25 Zoning of spaces | Source: Ben Manarski (proposal)
Reintegration through transition | 41 Lightwells from roof Lightwells hold plants and Vertical Circulation and voids NaturalFacilitiesDaylightdirectly accessible from outside Continuous staircase Enables greater visual connection Terrain form returned to original Double height entrance level Functions requiring daylight are positioned along lightwells Vertical Zoning Building’s facade and daylightGlazedsurroundingsfacade:NaturalandtransparencyMinimumfootprint Transparency, permeability and openness: the double height first floor glazing ensures the least noticeable of partitions, blending interiors with the exterior. Figure 27 Spatial Arrangement| Source: Durgaa (review for ASD) Figure 26 Design elements | Source: archdaily.com
Reintegration through transition | 42 Park Full height glazing along the central space connecting the building's various internal elements ensures an almost seamless continuity between interior and exterior. The surrounding nature is visible and tangible throughout the building, allowing the user to revalidate while walking. Diversity The double height ground floor at the entrance level facilitates the program's unique elements such as a sports facility, fitness centre, swimming pool, restaurant, and theatre. Healthcare The care concept is based on the idea that a positive and stimulating environment improves patients' well being and has a positive impact on their revalidation process. Image 5 External View| Source : Dezeen.com Image 6 External View | Source : Archdaily.com Image 4 Indoor Activity Zone | Source : Archdaily.com
Reintegration through transition | 43 CREATION OF MENTAL MAP WITHIN CIRCULATION The ability to see the colours will encourage movement up and down the stairs while simply experimenting with incorporating rehabilitation into patients' daily routines without them realising it. A sense of wonder, curiosity, and anticipation as form emerges from behind the trees, its complete coming together rather than the fragments glimpsed upon approach: healing without entering the 'healing space.' Local symmetry Figure 28 Design program | Source: Northeastern S A Image 7 Colour Scheme and Approach towards senses | Source: Archdaily.com
Reintegration through transition | 44 Second Floor Layout First Floor Layout Ground Floor Layout Basement Layout Third Floor Layout Fourth Floor Layout Unit Plan Figure 27 Layout of spaces | Source: Ben Manarski
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view of nature, the design emphasizes the healing capabilities of interior spaces. Cladding : Annodized brown Strength : Good amount of greenery and vegetation, pleasant view and natural light, sustainable and low maintenance buildings materials, minimum footprint Weakness : It is situated in a forest, hence, in case of emergencies, extra time might be consumed, courtyards aren’t taken into consideration Inferences: Importance of natural daylight and how to incorporate it in design Arrangement and positioning of functions Key features required and using them to heal people through spaces Figure 28 Colour selection | Source: Smalameri (thesis) Image 8 Connecting with nature | Source: Dezeen.com
opportunities
Recreational foster nature. (A sense of order alternating façade). With constant
self-confidence and self-control, as well as aid in recovery and mental health improvement. This stimulating environment includes transparency, continuity, layering, diversity, the play of light and shadow, and the experience of
is created by
a
repetition and local symmetries in the
Reintegration through transition | 46 2.2 Case Study II Muktanagan Mitra De addiction Centre, Pune Architect: Beri Architects Area: 4000 sq m The structure is inward looking, with controlled visual exposure to the outside via terraces, windows, and balconies. Transparency, interactive spaces, and cutouts encourage patients to communicate. Image 11 Amphitheatre |Source: Shirishberi.com Figure 29 Section of the centre | Source: Advaith Mani Image 10 Material Exploration | Source: muktangan.org Table 2 Program | Source: issuu.com Image 9 Entrance and Central Space| Source: muktangan.org
Reintegration through transition | 47 Admin/ConsExhibition DiningGeneralHallServiceToiletsTerraceLibrary Reception/Waiting Counselling AdminMeditationWards Kitchen/Dining Lobby CentralSpace LibraryWards 15 % - Auxiliary Activities 10 % Services 55 % Core Functions 20 % Recreational Spaces The entrance and lobby are designed so that vision to open spaces is not obstructed. Diffused light enters reception, creating a pleasant atmosphere. To provide a sense of relief, the balconies open up towards the amphitheatre and outdoors. Figure 30 Floor Plans | Source: Advaith Mani
Reintegration through transition | 48 The architecture attempts to foster a sense of belonging and sharing among users, thereby indirectly causing recoveries. A small enclosed landscaped amphitheater in the centre of the building brings light and joy into the building while also allowing inmates to connect. (void a point of pause) Inviting daylight from skylight Positive space, contrast Image 13 Corridor | Source : shirishberi.com Image 14 Amphitheatre : shirishberi.com Image 12 Internal Spaces : muktangan.org
15 Internal
Timed exposure to artificial bright light may help improve sleep. Ceiling height variations reduce stress levels.
Inferences: As it is located in the city, there is more social interaction. Pale yellow walls elicit a sense of energy and excitement while stimulating the Largebrain.windows and plenty of natural light stimulate hormonal and physiological changes, affecting psychological well-being.
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Image Spaces : muktangan.org
Absence of visual barrier exposes patients to visitors.
Humans tend to feel more liberated and creative in spaces with higher ceilings, and vice versa. People tend to feel more at ease in spaces with lower ceilings next to areas with higher ceilings when the lower ceiling is a little darker and the higher ceiling is a little brighter. Individuals who perceive plenty of space have a stronger sense of control over their surroundings and are less prone to anxiety over minor annoyances, stress, and aggression.
Design Features and Inferences : Random Rubble Masonry Facade (thermal insulation) (levels of scale) Solar protection is provided by a flying buttress and shading devices. The building is east west oriented and porous on the east and west sides.
Its heart is cut off from the hustle and bustle of the city. Radial layout interconnects all activities.
Reintegration through transition | 50 2.3 Case Study III Halden Prison, Norway Architect: Erik Møller Architects & HLM Architects Area: 50000 sq m Can the architecture of a prison contribute to the rehabilitation of its inmates? "Every inmate in Norwegian prisons are going back to the society. Do you want people who are angry — or people who are rehabilitated?” Figure 31 Functional Arrangement | Source: archdaily.com Figure 33 Functional Arrangement | Source: archdaily.com Image 16 Landscape Development | Source: archdaily.com
Reintegration through transition | 51 COMMONGYMAREASCampusTelephone Radial Types of prison layouts and variation in openings Courtyard PRIVATE ROOMS Figure 32 Layout types | Source: Deepshika (dissertation) Image 17 Campus and Internal Views | Source : vox.com
Reintegration through transition | 52 Halden Prison in Stfold, Norway, is widely regarded as the world's most humane incarceration facility. Workshops, game rooms, open kitchens, a sound studio, a library, and a rock climbing wall are among the amenities, as are harmonious prisoner guard relationships.
Figure 33 Plan | Source:
Built in the middle of the woods (with boundaries that connect the centre to what lies beyond), the architects wanted to keep as much nature as possible within the prison walls. With landscaping around the building and in other areas of the site, the trees almost become forest like, with pathways throughout for hiking, allowing the occupants more freedom of movement and open space. (non-separateness) Hiking is just one of the many activities available to inmates on Halden's Thiscampus.allows
inmates to feel in control of their lives while still having structured time and activities. Archdaily.com
Reintegration through transition | 53 The emphasis is on interaction between staff and inmates, making staff natural role models who can assist inmates in developing daily rhythms reminiscent of everyday life outside. From their dorms and centralized Interactive spaces, inmates have a good view of nature. Figure 34 Plan of Prison | Source: Vox (youtube) Image 18 Interactive Walls | Source : archdaily.com
Reintegration through transition | 54 Campus layout: interaction, increased movement and better supervision The facades fluctuate between raw wood and very dark brick, depending on the level of security colours and materials that are repeated in the area's rocks and plants. The landscape's spectacular trees and undulating woodland floor contrast with the simple monolithic outlines. Image 19 Campus Development| Source: Vox.com Image 20 Movement | Source: Vox.com
• Daylight and natural views are encouraged to help ease the mind
• Guard and inmate relationships show there is no power struggle
• Trees visually block the view of the protective walls
Reintegration through transition | 55 The project's main intention and concept are based on the mutual dependency and contrast between "hard and soft."
Image 21
• Landscaping allows for a therapeutic time during imprisonment
• Rehabilitation has a great impact on inmates
• This can be done through architectural means: taunting noise, comfortable humane and inviting spaces
• Community spaces allow prisoners to easily adjust to the real world Material Source: Vox (youtube)
Inferences:
These materials block light and reflect noise: selected palette invites natural light and muffles noise
The "hard" represents the forcible removal of an individual's freedom, while the "soft" represents the goal of rehabilitation.
The
• The more you try to control or fear something, the more it is likely to retaliate
Reintegration through transition | 56 2.4 Case Study IV Muni Seva Ashram, Vadodara Architect: Virtual Wonder Architects Muni Seva Ashram (NGO funded) is A complex of hospital, schools and social institutions located at Goraj village of Waghodia taluka in Vadodara district of Gujarat, India and has multiple campuses that include: Primary,KindergartenSecondary and Higher Secondary Schools Vocational Training Centre School for Nursing Home for differently abled Home for abandoned Children Old Age Home Cancer Hospital and Research Centre Guest OrganicHouseFarming and Gaushala Site Layout Image 22 Functional Division | Source : munisevaashram.org Image 23 Campus Layout | Source: greenashram.org
Reintegration through transition | 57 Cancer Hospital Integrating nature within built (strong centers) Image 24 Integration with nature | Source: greenashram.org
Reintegration through transition | 58 Figure 35 Plan | Source : munisevaashram.com Home for mentally challengedOldAge Home Image 25 Campus Views | Source : Author
The significance of the water component in sound masking. Natural elements are incorporated to create a relaxing atmosphere. Improve your mental health by focusing on visual connectedness. Playing with heights promotes greater air circulation, interaction, and a sense of freedom. Lower ceilings are used to create quieter and more limited zones. For smooth movement, a vertical connection via ramps is used.
Reintegration through transition | 59 Vocational TrainingInferencesCentre:
Figure 36 Plan | Source: munisevaashram.com Image 26 Internal Views | Source : Author
Alpha Healing Institution is a high end rehabilitation center with an inpatient facility located 50 kilometers outside of Vadodara, Gujarat, in a pristine reserve surrounded by enormous ancient trees. Because of the site's size, an additional 5,50,000 sq ft of landscaping was created around the built up area of 75000 sq ft.
Reintegration through transition | 60 2.5 Case Study V Alpha Healing Centre, Vadodara
Furthermore, because the Gujarat state highway is only 100 feet from the main building, a lane parallel to it was built at the entrance to create a sense of arrival rather than driving straight in.
Inspired from water, nature, space, sun. fire and earth.
Image 28 Source: Alpha healing centre Image 27 Concept | Source :(Alpha Healing Centre) youtube.com
Surrounded by the Jambhghoda Sanctuary, the site is surrounded by lush green landscapes that gently slope towards the east.
Architect: Art and Architecture Associates Area: 50000 sq m
Admin Interior Spaces Bird eye view Water recreation Figure 37 Conceptualisation | Source:
centre Image 30 Concept | Source :(Alpha
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Reintegration through transition | 61
The footprint of the structures were planned out in the shape of a flower and its petals, moving away from straight lines in the endeavour to subliminally express a relaxing mood. Without generating forced links through the design, the refreshing, revitalizing associations of a flower have been brought through in a subtle way. 'The curving lines enabled us to conserve and circumvent as many trees as possible on the site, some of which even emerged from the canopy of a structure,' says the designer. Furthermore, the scent of flowers in the man made landscape satisfies the senses of both tourists and residents. of nature Alpha healing Healing Centre) 29 Landscape Design Alpha Healing Centre
Treatments and program: Serene Landscape Driveway View
youtube.com Image
Reintegration through transition | 62 • Basketball • Volleyball • Net Cricket • Swimming pool • Organic Farming • Jogging Track • Wifi • In House Pharmacy • High Security with • Security Cameras • Laundry Service • Library • Massage Room Program: • Single Room • Economy Room • Twin Sharing Room • Deluxe Room • Detox Facility • Spa • Gymnasium • Yoga Room • Group Therapy Room • Dining Room • Snooker • Table Tennis • Tennis Inferences:
The ambience does not give a regimented feeling that adds to stress levels.
Gently curving organic form to mimic the petals of a flower act as a symbol of freshness and wellbeing. No harsh straight lines give sense of freedom and belongingness.
The landscaping supports the soothing informal perception, with plants bearing fragrant flowers to fill the senses.
Figure 38 Plan | Source: World Buildings Directory
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Reintegration through transition | 65 Site Identification Surat city is slated to get a model open jail, which will be constructed on 50 hectares of barren land on the sea coast in Olpad T aluka . The open jail is being constructed to make it easier for inmates to work and earn their livelihood once their incarceration ends and they return to society. About Surat : Surat is a city in Gujarat, in the western region of India (2nd largest city of Gujarat in terms of Area and Population). It is one among India's most dynamic cities, having one of the quickest growth rates due to immigration from Gujarat and other Indian states. The summers are quite hot 37 °C to 44°C.The climate is pleasant during the monsoon while autumn is Atemperate.verage annual rainfall is 1143 mm. SuratClimateisone of the cleanest city of India and is also known by several other names like “THE SILK CITY”, “THE DIAMOND CITY”, “THE GREEN CITY”, etc. Image 31 Surat in Gujarat | Source: Google Image 32 Climate | Source : Google
Reintegration through transition | 66 Site 1 –It lies on the outskirts of the city leading to lesser footprint (as the program is case Nearbyspecific)industrial areas, factories and farmlands give training and employment opportunity.Riversidegives greater opportunity to integrate nature. SITE PROPOSALS IN SURAT : Image 34 Site Selection | Source: Google maps Image 33 Site Location | Source: Google Image 35 Development Plan | Source: SUDA
Reintegration through transition | 67 Site 2 –It lies in the core city (Ghod Road, Athwa) as an extension to correctional centre. Being adjacent to the juvenile court it has a close connection with the proceedings and Beingregulations.inthesame campus will make the transfer to the transition centre easier. It is easy accessible in case of emergencies. Surat holds a zonal correctional centre for boys at Parle Point, with a capacity for 50 in need for expansion. 7/10 in juvenile justice have mental illness Image 35 Surat zones and development| Source: SUDA Figure 39 Youth characteristics at varying stages | Source:jjie.org Image 36 Site Selection | Source: Google maps Site is adjacent to Juvenile Correctional Centre in Surat
Reintegration through transition | 68 3.1 Site Selection Site 2 18000 sq m t Plan Residential Zone S I T E Road Residential Zone Figure 40 Existing Site Plan | Source : Author Figure 41 Existing Site Section | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 69 3.2 Site Analysis The site is majorly surrounded by G+1 G+3 residences, G+9 (and above) Apartments and Commercial/ Mixed use Buildings. G+1 G+2 G+3 G+4 G+5 G+6 G+7 G+8 G+9 Figure 43 Site Context | Source : Author Figure 42 Height Matrix | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 70 Road adjacent to site Adjacent Residences SMC Land Flat SiteObservation Home Image 37 Site Photos | Source : Author Figure 44 SWOT Analysis | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 71 RESIDENTIAL 75% The site lies in a residential zone with a few mixed use and commercial buildings towards the main MIXEDroad.USE 12 % COMMERCIAL 8 % INSTITUTIONAL 5% Figure 46 Land Use | Source : Author Figure 45 Site View Sun path| Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 72 Image 38 Facilities near site | Source: Google Maps
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Reintegration through transition | 76 Table 3 Design Program | Source : Author
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Reintegration through transition | 79 Design Development
The design attempts to strengthen their abilities and behavioral patterns, eventually leading to activities that entail interaction with society, once they are well shaped. The objective is to separate functions on site so that transition is available to both society and offenders in order to lessen apprehension and improve behavioral Christopherpatterns.Alexander's properties have been decoded and related to antecedent studies and pertinent initiatives in order to acquire a deeper knowledge of settings with relevance to the project
There is a balanced range of sizes of the entities that emerge in any cohesive completeness, and it is this balance of sizes that is attractive and beautiful.
Reintegration through transition | 80 5.1 Studying Properties of Christopher Alexander
The intertwining of boundaries results in a profound, active, and engaged interaction. A thick barrier serves as a sort of crossroads. When two zones that are next to each other have their own integrity.Google 47 Levels of scale Author 49 Strong Centres Author 48 Author
| Source :
Image 39 Source :
The eye is drawn to some prominent focal points. One of them is the courtyard. It is an arrangement in and of itself that generates a sense of centeredness when combined with the space and layout surrounding it.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Boundaries | Source :
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Reintegration through transition | 81
Figure 53 Repetition | Source : Author Figure 52 Positive Space | Source : Author Figure 51 Good Shape | Source : Author Image 40 Source : Google
Figure 50 Local Symmetris | Source : Author Repetition helps the eye become comfortable with the features of our design. This uniformity can be maintained by repetition. The elements touch at times, but there is also room between them.The'figure' and the 'ground' are 'positive' and 'negative' space, respectively. The principle of positive space, which is a presence in a wholeness, is constantly created by the well formed beings that surround it. In real life, shapes are defined by light and shadow. It is more about the unspoken feeling that shapes create. As centres are 'hooked' into their environment, it's tough to separate them. Some places are such that they both belong to the outside world and the building at the same time.
Figure 54 Design Principles | Source : AuthorImage 41 Source : Google
Roughness is a form of self expression. Roughness does not attempt to enforce an arbitrary order on a design, but rather allows the greater order to be relaxed and updated in response to the needs and limitations that occur locally in various portions of the design.
Reintegration through transition | 82
Contrast is frequently utilised in conjunction with solid to void contrast. (The solid's heft is utilised to contrast with the void's lightness) It adds visual interest
A flow can be achieved by using a gradient rather than distinct pieces. The space could appear as a single thing that morphs throughout its length to produce a distinct whole.
There is a void at the heart of the most profound centres that have perfect wholeness, an emptiness like water, boundless in depth, surrounded by and contrasted with the clutter of the things and fabric all around it.
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This feature implies that a good design should be harmonious in the sense that it blends in with its surroundings, communicates with them, and is indistinguishable from them. Author
Simplicity is a quality that is necessary for wholeness and life. It refers to the process of removing non essential elements and ornamentation from a space.
Image 42 Source : Google Figure 55 Design Principles | Source :
Reintegration through transition | 84 5.2 Mind Mapping Figure 56 Mind Mapping | Source: Author Figure 57 Conceptual Ideas | Source: Author
Reintegration through transition | 85 5.3 Design Idea Figure 58 Conceptual illustrations | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 86 5.4 Conceptual Sketches Figure 59 Conceptual Illustrations | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 87 Figure 60 Conceptual Sketches | Source: Author
Reintegration through transition | 88
43 Desing Elements | Source
The idea is to create built with footprints that evolve from circles and straight lines in order to subliminally portray a soothing attitude, diminish fear of harm, and make offenders feel uncontrolled. Design features to foster interaction and visual interest. Development : Author Image : Author Core Idea: The arrangement of functions must be such that movement of users at both ends must encourage them to go through a gradual transition to develop sense of belongingness.
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Figure 61 Form
Reintegration through transition | 89 5.5 Design Manifestation Figure 63 Design Manifestation | Source : Author Figure 62 Transition and Phases | Source : Author Sectional Development and inter relationship between phases
Reintegration through transition | 90
Reintegration through transition | 91 5.5.1 Site Plan Figure 64 Site Plan | Source: Author
Reintegration through transition | 92
Reintegration through transition | 93 5.5.2 Ground Floor Plan Figure 65 Ground Floor Plan | Source: Author
Reintegration through transition | 94
Reintegration through transition | 95 5.5.3 Exploded Isometric Figure 66 Exploded Isometric | Source: Author
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Reintegration through transition | 97 5.5.4 Site Sections Figure 67 Site Sections | Source: Author
Reintegration through transition | 98
Reintegration through transition | 99 Figure 68 Site Views | Source : Author Central Space and Interconnection of transition zones. Overall view of all zones.
Reintegration through transition | 100 Figure 69 Perspective Section | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 101 5.5.5 Unit Design Figure 70 Admin Block | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 102 Figure 71 Admin Block Views | Source : Author View of admin block from driveway Reception and Waiting Area
Reintegration through transition | 103 Figure 72 Recreational Space | Source : Author Classroom and workshops have visual but no physical connection towards central zone, hence increasing curiosity.
Reintegration through transition | 104 Figure 74 Central Space Views | Source : Author Figure 73 Central Space Section | Source : Author Sunken central space allows greater visual connection between built and unbuilt and also provides the opportunity to introduce playful levels.
Reintegration through transition | 105 Figure 75 Kitchen and Dining | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 106 Figure 76 View from Drive In Space | Source : Author Figure 77 Section of Kitchen and Dining Space | Source : Author Figure 78 Kitchen and Dining Space | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 107 Figure 79 Juvenile Accommodation Block | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 108 Room Layout Mood Board Figure 78 Internal Layout | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 109 Figure 79 (a) Impact of light Figure 79 (b) Placement of windows Figure 79 (c) Impact of textures Physical Attributes Temperature Pattern EnergisedRelaxed
Reintegration through transition | 110 Figure 79 Guest Accommodation Block | Source: Author
Reintegration through transition | 111 Figure 80 Therapy Space and Sensory Park | Source : Author Therapy Space surrounded by sensory trail and fragrant plantation
Reintegration through transition | 112 LANDSCAPE AND HARDSCAPE MATERIALS Figure 82 Sensory Elements and Landscaping | Source : Rethinking theFigurefuture81 Material Selection
Reintegration through transition | 113 Figure 83 Classroom and Workshop Block | Source : Author Classrooms and workshops are surrounded by nature and workshops are placed such that they extend towards central outdoor area adjoining the space assigned for organic farming.
Reintegration through transition | 114 Figure 84 Classroom and Workshop Block | Source : Author Upper level holds labs and multipurpose spaces and the corridors are connected with bridges.
Reintegration through transition | 115 Figure 85 Classroom and Workshop Block Isometric View | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 116 Figure 86 Zone 2 View | Source : Author Figure 87 Classroom and Workshop Block Section | Source : Author Figure 88 Classroom and Workshop Block View | Source : Author
Reintegration through transition | 117 Figure 89 Impact of materials | Source : Rethinking the future
Reintegration through transition | 118 Weak sense territorialityof Excessive demarcation and monotony creates environmentcarceral Moderate demarcation enables territorial control and effective surveillance Figure 90 Overall View (Built and Connectivity)
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