i¾fjdaoh
.ñka .ug hñka ieug fiajh lruq mqj;am;la jYfhka YS% ,xldfõ ,shdmosxÑ lrk ,oS
2013 cqks l,dmfha $ 56 jk ldKavh $ 14 jk m;%h $ ñ, re 30$-
bjikak''''''úma,jh bjr keye'''''''' <uq k a ±kq j ;a ls Í fï DI jHdmD;sh fnkaf;dg§ mskanr fmdfidka ux.,Hla fõjd ‘’’Œ i <ud l|jqr ;%sl=Kdu,fha § i tlu wruqKla udj;a folla l%shdldÍ mqrjeis kdhl;aj jevuq¿j ;%sl=Kdu,fha § i i¾fjdaoh ixioh Èjhsk mqrd;a cd;Hka;r jYfhkq;a jHdma; ù ck m%idohg m;a ck;d iyNd.s;ajl wysxidjd§ úma,ùh ixiohls ' ixúOdkhls ' tys w;s Y hs k a u úuOH.; iajNdjhla we;;a o¾Ykh" m%;sm;a;s yd l%shdud¾. w;ska ms<s.;a fmdÿ ixialD;shla o ;sfí'
iuyr wjia:dj,§ wmf.a ñksia ÿ¾j,;d ksid tu oelafuka wm msg mksk wjia:d o ;sfí' tjekakla ÿgq úg i¾fjdaoh mjq, ±kqj;a lsßu uf.a hq;=luhs' msgqj 02
¾fjdaoh <ud m%j¾Ok wxYh hgf;a <ud wh;k.; ùu je<laùu yd <ud wdrËK jevigyk jk DI jHdmD;shg wkqj fnkaf;dg W!r.y uy msgqj 02 úoHd,fha §
msfmkd u,lg .,kd f`od<lg oefkkd nqÿ.=K fkdoefkk ñksiqks fldhs f,dj hkafka urKska miafia mska mjq tkjd wms miq miafmsgiaqj 14
¾fjdaoh <ud m%j¾Ok wxYh uÕska SWS jHdmD;sh hgf;a ixúOdkh lrk ,o <ud l|jqr 2013¡05¡11 jk Èk ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%sla uOHia:dkfha § mj;ajk ,§¡ fï hgf;a tu m%foaYfha wjq¡ 5 isg 16 olajd orejka /ia fldg
msgqj 03
¾fjdaoh Ydka;sfiakd ixi|h úiska ixúOdkh lrk ,o l%shdldÍ mqrjeis kdhl;aj jevuq¿j uehs 06jk osk isg Èk 5la olajd ;%sl=Kdu,fha ixj¾Ok wOHdmk wdh;kfha meje;aúKs¡ fuu jevuq¿j i|yd Èia;%slal 07la ksfhdackh lrñka isxy," fou<" uqia,sï ;reKhska 31 fofkla iyNd.S úh
mska,ka; úYaj úoHd,fha ixpdrh
mska,ka;fha fy,aiskals úYaj úoHd,fha uydpd¾hjreka fofofkl= yd tys YsIHhka odyih fofkl=f.ka iukaú; lKavdhula i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkfha cd;Hka;r wxYhg meñKshy¡ msgqj 02
m%cd ysñldÍ;ajhla ;=<ska m%fndaou;a l%shdldÍ;ajhla jHdmD;sfha iaúiag¾,ka; ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha uq,H wkq.%yh u; l%shd;aul jkq ,nk —m%cd
ysñldÍ;ajh ;=<ska m%fndaou;a l%shdldÍ;ajhla lrd jHdmD;sfha f;jk jevigyk f,i
msgqj 02 frdayK úfÊùr uy;d ^ueo& i¾fjdaohg meñKs wjia:dfõ§ wdldfia woaoßka keÕKq ysre nei .syska fyg kef.k wreKlska ÿgqj tl isyskhla Okj;=ka - ÿmam;=ka fia fnfok mka;shla fkd;efkkd iudfcl fidÿre iqkaor fygla¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ iefjdu yskefyk Èkla¡¡¡¡¡¡
trxf.a úldr
iE¾ ( fyd|hs" ±ka fï <uhs ug lshkak cSúf;a m%Yak" wNsfhda. wdju fï <uhs fudlo fldrkafka lsh,d@ <fuda ( .sks ;shx uefrktl ;uhs iE¾ w,q;au fg%kaâtl
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iqmsßisÿ wruqKla fidhd hk udj;l l=ug kï f,a l÷¨ wúh .;a uÕl .sh fkdñksiqka wúfhkau keiS .;a¡¡¡¡¡
wkacdkd iS¡ udmd Èidkdhl
i <uhska i|yd iqrËs; ia:dk i fkda¾fõ we.av¾ úYaj úoHd,fha YsIH lKavdhu i¾fjdaoh fiajd lghq;= wOHhkh flf¾ ¾fjdaoh <ud m%j¾Ok wxYh hgf;a <uhska i|yd iqrËs; ia:dk we;s lsÍu i|yd m%cd fiajfha fhoùfï jHdmD;sh uÕska uehs 01 isg uehs 03 jk osk olajd jevuq¿ ;%s;ajhla msgqj 02
ysßyerh ;ejq,a jO fmfkk udfkl fkdue;s wysxidfjka msreKq wre;anr udj;la¡¡¡¡¡¡
ñksialu ysi ord fid÷re uÕ .uka .;a ñksia le< ;ju h;s ta uÕu¡¡¡¡¡ u,lafia úlis;j uy;a jQ yo ;=áka¡¡¡¡¡
jHdmD;sfha mqyqKq jevuq¿j l¿;r §
¾fjdaoh fmrÈ. ixl%dka;s ikaOdkh jHdmD;sh hgf;a uehs 09 jk Èk lgql=rekao l¿;r mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha § i¾fjdaoh iqjfi; TEA jevigyk isÿlrk ,§¡ fï hgf;a l¿;r Èia;%slalfha tla .ïudkhlska
msgqj 06
fï ñysr isyskfha ienE uÕ fidhkakg ÿgqj udj;a folla¡¡¡¡¡
úma,jh muKlau ordf.k ;=ka is;u pKav jQ ieyeis jQ f,a .,k udj;la¡¡¡¡¡
TEA
wkqka .; i;md ;uka ÿla ú|sk wfma ldka;dfjda msgqj 10
eyqKq úYAj úoHd,h yd fkda¾fõ we.av¾ úYaj úoHd,h taldnoaOj úoHq;a udOH u.ska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ixj¾Ok l<ukdlrKh yodrk fkda¾fõ, flkahdj blajfodarh
msgqj 06
ixj¾Okfha iqÿ iy l¿
msgqj 07
kvqjla mejÍu i|yd jk —kvq ksñ;a;˜ hkq l=ula o@ msgqj 06
nfâ weisâ .;shg ñ,ala ´*a ue.akSishd
msgqj 11
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¾fjdaoh ixiohg hï mqoa.,hl= iïnkaO jkafka tys mrud¾:h iEu fokdf.au Wodj fyj;a hym; ie,iSu nj ±k f.kh' i¾fjdaofha wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajhg ;ekla ke;' mrd¾:ldñ;ajhg Wiiau ;ekla È we;' fï mrud¾:h ksidu l=," f.da;%" cd;s " NdId" wd.ï" foa Y md,k fNa o fkd;ld iudcfha Ôj;a jk fyd| ñksiaiq i¾fjda o hg we§ t;s ' i¾fjda o h l%shd;aul lrk úúO jev igykaj,g iafjÉPdfjka iyNd.s fj;s' iuyre b;d iq¿ §ukdjla ,nd .ksñka mQ¾Kld,Sk fia j dj,g lemùug bÈßm;a fj;s ' i¾fjdaoh mjqf,a fiajl fiaúldjkaf.a wd;au oukh yd wd;au mß;Hd.h olsk uyck;dj i¾fjdaohg úYd, f.!rjhla olaj;s' tu f.!rjh i¾fjdaoh fiajl fiaúldjkag o fkd wvqj ,efí' fufia iudcfhka ,efnk f.!rjh ksid ;udf.a wd;aóh yeÕSu jv jvd;a wvq lr f.k ;udf.a fm!reIfha Wodj jv jvd;a jeä lr .kakd hym;a fiajlfhda nyq;rhla i¾fjdaofha isá;s' Tõyq mQ¾K fm!refIdaohla i|yd m%.=K l<hq;= i;r n%yau úyrK fyj;a fu;a;d" lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmalaLd hk O¾u;dj,ska msg fkdmek hym;a wkd.; Èúhla i|yd jer jv;s ' ths k a iuyfrla úúO /lshdj,g b,a¨ï fldg tajdg h;s' ;j;a wh Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd h;s' tfy;a lsisod i¾fjdaofhka Tjqka ,enQ wdNdIh wu;l fkdlr;s' Tjqkaf.a Ôú; jdikdjka; jk nj wm ±l ;sfí' fï w;r i¾fjdaohg tl;= jk iuyre lS¾;sh" m%Yxidj ,nk úg je/È wdl,amj,g fhduq ù wd;aud¾:ldó fj;s' i¾fjdaoh mjq, we;=f,a fï wh fkdfhla fNao we;s lr;s' fï i¾fjdaohg úfYaI jQ ;;a;ajhla fkdfõ' wd.ñl ixia:dj, mjd fujeks fudav ñksiaiq isá;s' Tjqka ksid fï wdh;kj,g jk mdvqj w;s úYd,h' tfy;a fï ;;a;ajhkg o id¾:lj uqyqK §ug i¾fjdaohg wjqreÿ 55 l ld,h ;=< § mq¿jka ú ;sfí' i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk ixioh wdrïN lf<a wirK ÿmam;a .ïj,g f.dia i;sh" foi;sh" udih fyda Bg;a jvd l,a l|jqre ne|f.k Tjq k a f .a uQ , s l wjYH;d iïmQ¾K lr .ekSug Woõ ùfuks' tu fiajdjka wm ye¢kajQfha Y%uodk kñks' wm rfÜ me/Ks hq.j,§ jeõ wuqKq" jdßud¾." od.eí" fjfyr úydr wd§ jQ iEu ks¾udKhlau lrk ,oafoa Y% u odkfhks ' wkq r mq r hq . fha § th ye¢kajQfha 'iuqok' hkqfjks'
fuu 'iuqoka' ixl,amhg kj Ôjkhla foñka .ïjdiSkaf.kau y÷kd.;a oYúO uQ,sl wjYH;d iemsÍfï ±jeka; l%shdoduhg i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk ixioh fhduq úh' mßirh" c,h" jia;%" wdydr" ks j di" fi!LHh" n,Yla ; s h " ikaksfõokh" iy wdOHd;añl ixialD;sl wjYH;d hk wxY Tiafia .ï oyia .Kkl th l%shd;aul úh' 'iuqok' hk jpkfhka iuQyhla tl;= ù Tjqka i;= bvlvï" Y%uh" ±kSu" olaI;d iy fjk;a iïm;a fmdÿ hym; i|yd fhdod .ekSu hk w¾:h wkqj wms wfma i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk ixioh f.dv kexjQfhuq' Y% u odkfhka ta l dnoa O m% c d ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj,lg fhduqùfïÈ wfma iuyre thg úreoaO jQy' jHdmdrh yer .shy' ta wh i¾fjdaofhka fmkajd ÿka mq¿,a cd;sl o¾Ykh wjfndaO lr .ekSug wiu;a jQfjda jQy' tfy;a thska wffO¾hhg m;a fkdù wm .ï ishfha ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%uhla wdrïN lf<uq' ta .ïudkj, ì<skaodf.a isg jeäysáhd olajd úúO yjq,a f.dvkÕd oYúO uQ,sl udkqIsl wjYH;d iemsÍfï jev igykla rgg muKla fkdj f,djgu y÷kajd ÿks u q ' fuys moku jQ f ha ia j Yla ; s h iduQ y s l ;a j h iy úoHd ;dla I Khhs ' uq,skau tu .ïudk ishfha i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;s msysgqjd iñ;s wd{d mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lrjQfhuq' thska wm woyia lf<a .%duiajrdcH ixl,amhg fhduq ùug m<uq mshjr ;eîula jYfhks' cd;sl ix.ufha n,;, .fï ck;djg ndr §ug tfrys jQ iuyfrla ta wjÈfha§ o ix.uh yer .shy' .ï ishfha ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%uh u,aM, ork úg ;j;a .ï oyia .Kkla rdcH kS;shg o wkql+,j iñ;s wd{d mk; hgf;a kS ; s u h ms<s.ekSula ,eîug wms ie,eiajQfhuq' fuys m%Odku wruqKla jQfha m%cd;dka;%slj .fï ck;dj iñ;shla msysgqjd f.k .fï fmdÿ ixj¾Ok lghq;= f.k hk w;r wd¾Ól lghq;= f.k hEfï n,h o fiajlhska mQ¾Kld,Skj iïnkaO lr f.k Tjq k a g §udkjla § iñ;s f ha lghq;=j,g mQ¾Kld,Skj fhoùug n,h ,nd §uhs' fuu jev ms<sfj, .ï 15000 l muK jHdma; jQ w;r thska iñ;s 5200 la muK ks;Hdkql+,j ixia:dms; ù f,dje lsisu ;ekl isÿ fkdjqkq wkaofï .%dóh iy iuyr kd.ßl m%cdj, mqÿu úÈfha wdOHd;añl ixialD;sl ixj¾Okhla o isÿ
úh' fuu id¾:l;ajhg ;=Ëqÿka fya;= w;r i¾fjdaofha o¾Ykhg iy fM;sydisl fiajhg ck;dj wdl¾Ykh ùu;a mrd¾:ldó wdo¾Yu;a m%cd kdhlhska rdYshla fuu iñ;s f.dvkeÕSug wem-lem ùu;a lemSfmksKs' i¾fjdaofha b;sß lsÍï" Kh .kqfokq iy .fï wd¾Ól jHdmD;sj,g uÕ fmkaùu i|yd 1980 oYlfha§ wdrïN jQ i¾fjdaoh wd¾Ól jHjidh ixj¾Ok fiajd ^iSâia& wxYh msysgqùfuka tys fia j h l< jD;a ; S h jYfhka ola I i¾fjda o h ks , OdÍka f .a uÕ fmka ù u hgf;a fuhska iuyr iñ;s oyia .Kkla wd¾Ól iYS%l;ajhg m;a úh' fï wjÈfha§ yqÿ wd¾Ól id¾:l;ajh foi muKla wjOdkh fhduq l< .%dóh olaIhska msßila o i¾fjdaoh kduh ;=<ska ckm%sh;ajhg m;a úh' tu iñ;sj, wd¾Ól ÈhqKqj we;s jQfha Tjqka ksid hehs idjoH wd;aóh wdl,amhla we;s lr f.k lsisod Tjqkg mßyrkh lsÍug fkd,efnk ñ,shk .Kka uqo,a yeisrùfï n,h o Tjqka i;= ùh' Tjqkaf.a úOdhl uKav,h yd idudðlhka ±kqj;a fkdfldg ys;=jlaldr f,i fï uqo,a jxpkslj mdúÉÑ fldg iuyre w;=reoka jQ y ' idudðlhs k a f .a ;eka m ;a j ,g ks;sfhka ,eìh hq;= wdjrKh ,nd§ug fudõyq wiu;a jQy' iSâia wdh;kfha b;du;a iq ¿ ls y s m fofkla o fuu ks,OdÍka yd iñ;sj, l<ukdlrejka yd tl;= ù fuu jxpdj, fhÿky' fuu wNs f hda . hg uq y q K §ug i¾fjda o h ixiohg isÿ jQfha msßisÿ jHdmdrhlg fujeks jxpkslhka ál fofkla fyda we;=¿ jQ ksidh' uy nexl=j úiska ;djld,slj fyda wmg ,nd ÿka wjirh u; uqo,a ;ekam;a ndr .ekSu isÿ l< w;r th uy nexl=fõ uQ,H ks;sÍ;sj,g wkqj isÿ lsÍug wmg ksfhda. ÿkay' ta wkqj 2012 foieïn¾ ui 19 jeks Èk Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uQ,H iud.u DDFC wdh;kh 2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ fldg n,m;%h ksl=;a lrk ,§' fuu ;;a;ajh ms<sn| ish¨u iñ;sj,g wms ±kajQfhuq' tu iñ;sj,ska lsysmhla yereKq úg iñ;s nyq;rhla wfma l%shdud¾.h wkqu; fldg bjis,af,ka l%shd l< ksid wo jk úg DDFC wdh;kh b;d iS.%fhka ÈhqKq ù f.k hhs' iñ;sj,g u;= jQ m%Yakh jk uQ,H ;ekam;a ,nd .ekSu" wjYH wjia:dj,§ ;ekam;=
wdmiq ,nd §u wd§ lghq ; = fyd¢ka l%shd;aul ùug fï jk úg Ys,amSh l%u i,id ;sfí' b;sß m%Yakj,g ,Õ§u úi÷ï ,efnkq we;' fï w;r i¾fjdaoh m%;sm;a;sj,g mgyeks fjñka uy nexl= kS;sÍ;s o W,a,x>kh lrñka fmdfydi;a iñ;s fol-;= k l m% O dkS k a Tjq k a f .a iñ;s ks , OdÍka iy idudðlhs k a o ±kq j ;a fkdfldg i¾fjda o fhka ndys r uQ , H wdh;k msysgqùug mßY%uhla ork nj wmg ±k .ekS u g ;s f í' i¾fjda o h idudðlhkag wh;a ;ekam;a uqo,aj,g DDFC/S E EDS wdh;kh ;= < s k a kS ; s f ha wdrlaIdj ,nd fkd§ fudõyq ys;=jlaldr f,i fm!oa.,sl jHdmdr ysñhka fuka idudðlhkaf.a uqo,a “frda,a lsÍfï” kS;s úfrdaë l%shdj,g mqreÿj isáhy' DDFC uQ,H iud.u msysgqùu;a iuÕu fï fo;=ka fokdf.a w;a;fkdau;sl l%shdj,g ;snQ bvlv weysfrk ksid i¾fjdaoh úfrdaë" kS;s úfrdaë u.lg nei ;sfnk nj jd¾;d fõ' flfkla fofofkla l< jerÈ jid .ekSug wysxil wfkla iñ;s fkdu. heùu ix> fNaoh we;s lsÍu jeks úYd, mdml¾uhls' fujeks jerÈj,g yiq fkdjk f,i wfkla iñ;sj,g u;la lr fokafkuq' fuu ,smsfha uq,ska i|yka l< m ß È f m d ÿ h y m ; g j v d wd;aud¾:ldó;ajhg uq,a ;ek ÿka iq¿ msßila i¾fjdaofha to;a isáh ksid wo;a tjeks wh u;=ùu ms<sn| wm lïmd jkafka ke;' uf.a wjirh f.k hehs lshñka kj iud.ula msysgqùug kS;sÍ;s ud,djla idod Èia;%slal lsysmhl iñ;s ks,OdÍka yd l<ukdlrejka uqK.eiS ork m%h;akhla .ek o ug ±k .ekSug ;sfí' ud wfma ienE i¾fjdaoh wkq.dñl idudðl idudðldjkaf.ka b,a,d isákafka i¾fjdaoh ku m%fhdackhg f.k biau;= ù wd kuq;a i¾fjdaoh m%;sm;a;s fkd;ld yer l%shd lrk fï fo;=ka fokdg fkd/jfgk f,i;a Tjqka yß u.g .; fkdyels kï Tjqka m%cd;dka;%sl ud¾.j,ska yd kS;suh ud¾.j,ska Tjqkaf.a ;k;=rej,ska bj;a lsÍug mshjr .kakd f,i;ah' fl;rï olaI mqoa.,hska jqj;a Tjqka jeros" kS;s úfrdaë u. hk úg Tjqkag jvd wfma i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;sh w.kd nj i,ld idudðl msßi lghq;= lsÍug mels,sh hq;= ke;' wfma mK fuka wv ishjilg jvd ld,hla /l f.k wd i¾fjdaoh ixioh /l .ekSu Tfí;a uf.a;a j.lSuhs'
wdpd¾h ta¡à¡ wdßhr;ak
1 jk msgqfjka
<uhska i|yd iqrËs; ia:dk mska,ka; úYaj úoHd,fha ixpdrh ;% s l = K du,h Èia ; % s l a uOHia : dkfha § mj;ajk ,§¡ ta wkqj uehs 01 jk Èk wjq# 12-18 ;a w;r <uq k a f .a wOHdmkh" wdrËdj" i;=fgka isàfï fkdyelshdj iïnkaOfhka m<uq jevuq¿j isÿl< w;r fï i|yd jHdmD;shg wod< Èia;%slal 5 l <uhska 25 fofkl= Tjqkag we;s .eg¨ iïnkaOfhka woyia bÈßm;a lrk ,§¡
fuu jHdmD;sfha fojk jevuq¿j jYfhka uehs 02 jk Èk <uhska fjkqfjka l< yels foa iïnkaOj wOHdmkh yd <uqka yd iïnkaOj lghq;= lrk rcfha ks,OdÍka úis k a idlÉPd lrk ,§¡ wOHdmk wOHËl" l,dmS h wOHla I ljreka " mßjdi ks,OdÍka" Èia;%sla <ud rËK ks,OdÍka" Èia;%sla ufkda iudÔh ks,OdÍka f.ka iukaú; 18 fofkla fï i|yd iyNd.S úh¡ by; Èk fofla§ idlÉPd lrk ,o foaj,a iïnkaOfhka uehs 03 jk Èk i¾fjdaoh m<d;a yd Èia;%sla iïnkaêlrljre"
uehs 22 isg 25 Èk olajd lE.,a, Èia;%slalfha nq,;afldyqmsáh m%foaYfha mkak, .ïudkfha jeishka iuÕ úúO fË;%hka ms<sn| .fõIKd;aul wOHhkhla fuu iyNd.S;ajfhka 2013-2016 olajd l%u Wmd lKavdhu isÿ lrk ,oS¡ mYapd;a Wmdêh i|yd N+f.da,Sh úoHdj yodrkq ,nk fuu YsIH ie<eiaula ilia lrk ,§¡ tys§ meie,a lKavdhu mkak, .%dufha mdßißl" wd¾Ól" iudÔh fË;%hka ms<sn| .eUqßka fkdhk <uqka mdie,a wOHdmkhg fhduq wOHhkhla lrkq ,efí¡ jHdmD;s ks,OdÍka we;=¿ 18 fofkl=f.a
lsÍug;a u;aøjH Ndú;h wju lsÍu;a iïnkaOj wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,§¡
i¾fjdaoh <ud m%j¾Ok wxYh hgf;a —<uhska i|yd iqrËs; ia:dk we;s lsÍu i|yd m%cdj fiajfha fhoùfï fuu jHdmD;sh˜ jõkshdj" uq,;sõ" ls , s f kdÉÑh" hdmkh" ;% s l = K du,h Èia ; % s l a l hka y s .ïudk 25 la uq , s l lr.ks ñ ka l% s h d;a u l fõ¡ jHdmD;s h hgf;a iqrËs; bf.kqï ia:dk 19 la wdrïN fldg we;¡ fouõmshka wysñ fyda
<uqka ±kqj;a lsÍfï DI jHdmD;sh fnkaf;dg§
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yd ux., iQ ; % f ha nq ÿ rcdKka jykafia ±la jQ ux., ldrKd w;=frka —m;srEm foaYjdfidp˜ hkqfjka iqÿiq mßirhl Ôj;aùug ,eîu ux., lreKla yeáhg i|yka lrhs¡ mßirh iuÕ u ;j;a i|yka lrk ux., lreKq folla kï fmr lrk ,o mska we;s nj ukd oyïys msysgqùu o W;=ï ux., ldrKd yeáhg wjOdrKh fldg ;sfí¡ nqÿrcdKka jykafia rka iQ;%h foaYkd lf<a úYd,d uykq j r we;s jQ uyd ÿ¾NsËh Nh" frda. Nh" wukqIH Nh wd§ jQ ìh ;=rka fldg ck;dj wdrËdlr .ekSug h¡
hdkSO N+;dks iud.;dkS N=ïudkS jd hdks j wka;,slafL iífí j N+;dks iqukd Njka;= wf:daZms ilalÉp iqkka;= Ndis;x ;iaud ys N+;d ksidfï; iífí fu;a;x lfrda: udkqishd mcdh Èjd p r;af;da p yrka;s fh n,sx ;iaud ys fk rlaL; wmamu;a;d
o" i;a;aj úfYaIhka w;r o oi oyia .Kka ffcj úfYaIhka i|ygu fï ñysl; ;=<ska wka;¾odk ùu j;auka ñksia iudchg uqyqK §ug ;sfnk m%Odk;u m% Y a k hls ¡ oi oyia .Kkla f,da l ksfhdað;hka tlaj ßfhda k.rfhys meje;a jQ ñysl; iuq¿j fuys § wmg u;la fõ¡ lrKsh fu;a; iQ;%fhys tla ffY,sl Ôj úfYa I hka f .a is g weyeg fmfkk fkdfmfkk f,dl= uOHñl l=vd wd§ jQ ish¨u l=vd Ôúka /l .; hq;=h hkak Wka jykafia b.eka jQ fial¡ fï ksid uyd ux., iq;%h" r;ak iq;%h iy lrKSh fu;a; iq;%h foi wm ne,sh hq;af;a udkj ohdj;a" mßirh;a hk wxY fol u tla ;eka fldg ;sridr meje;aula i|yd uÕfmkajk W;=ï O¾uhla f,i h¡ uyd ux.," r;ak iy lrKSh fu;a; iq;% foi .eUqrej ne¨jfyd;a j¾;udk f,dal iudch hd hq;= ud¾. o meyeÈ,sj u olajd ;sfí¡
j¾;udk úoHd;aul .fõIK j,ska fidhd f.k ;sfnk mdßißl ÿIKh tysÈ nqÿka jykafiaf.a m%{d weig wiqù ta ms<sn|j ukqIH iudchg ÿka wjjdo fndfyda foaYkj, i|yka ù ;sfí¡
miq.sh wjqreÿ ñ,shk 300 muK ld,hl isg iq¾h n,Yla;sh uq,a fldg f,dalfha iEu Ôù wÔù jia;=jla ;=< u ;ekam;a fldg ;snq n,Yla;s iïNdrh miq.sh wjqreÿ 200 ;=< § f,dalh úiska kej; w¿;a lr.; fkdyels fia úkdY lr ;sfí¡ wo mßirh fjkq f jka wmg jeo.;a mKs ú vhla ÿka úuq l a ; s l= u dr;= x . l=urejka jeks ore ±ßhkaf.a jhi 50 la muK jkúg mDÓú .¾Nfha ;snq LKsc iïm;aj,ska bmojk ,o mdIdK bkaOk iïmq¾Kfhka u ksud ù yudrh¡ ;jÿrg;a mdIdK bkaOk wfma fï ld¾ñl iudchg fkd,efnkq we;¡ ±j" .,a wÕ= r e" iajNdúl jdhq" ffcj ialkaO wd§h¡ úÿ,sh ksmoùug ;jÿrg;a b;sß ù fkd;sfnkq we;¡ kHIaál n,Yla;s mdúÉÑ lsÍfï yelshdjla we;;a" thska mßirhg isÿjk uyd úkdYh ksid th ñksia j¾.hdf.a .e,ùug msysg fkdjkq we;¡ tfia kï mßirh wdrËd lr f.k ñksidg fï mDÓú ;,fhys Ôj;aúug yels tlu ud¾.h jkqfha iq¾h n,Yla;sh flfrys wo isg u wfma iïmq¾K n,dfmdfrd;a ; = j ;a " úYa j dih;a ;nd wjYH ;dËKh ÈhqKq lsÍu h¡
wo f,dalfha ish¨u úoaj;=kaf.a iy wdKavqj, wjOdkh fhduq ù we;s m%Odku m%Yakhla kï" f,dalfha ffcùh úúO;ajh wdrËd lr.ekSuhs¡ Ydl úfYaIhka w;r
tla w;lska udkj" ohdj;a wfkla w;ska mdßißl rËKh;a hk idOl fol fkdue;s j ñks i a iudcfha ia Ó r idr ixj¾Okhla .ek is;sh fkdyels h¡ fï
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;dmh" úoHq;a Yla;sh" ridhk" ldkaoï Yla;sh" úúO jdhq wd§ jQ ilia ùï /ila mßirfha ;;a;ajh ;SrKh lsÍfuys ,d bjy,a fõ¡ fuu ish¨ ilia ùï fmdf<dfõ isg llaIh olajd ^wka;,slafL& wmßisÿ ù ;sfnkafka ñksia iudcfha fl%daOh" ffjrh" m<s.ekSu jeks flf,ia O¾u jeä ÈhqKq ù we;s neúks¡ fï wmsßisÿ ;;a;ajh fjkia fldg ms ß is ÿ iu;= , s ; ;;a ; a j hlg mßirh mßj¾;kh lr .; yelafla —fu;a;x lfrda; udkqishd mcdh˜ m%cdj flfrys uyd ffu;%shla f.dvkxjd .ekSu ;=<sks¡
isÕs;s yjq,a msysgqjd Tjqkaf.a olaI;d yd kdhl;aj .=Kdx. we;s lsÍu isÿúh¡ fï i|yd 272 la iyNd.S úh¡ orejka ;=< udkisl yd p¾hduh fjkila we;s lsÍu" jvd;a ks¾udKYs,s jq ch mrdch ord .; yels ore msßila ìysúu" ld,Sk .eg¨ ye|sk ukd wjfndaOhlska hqla; jQ ixialD;sl yd iodpdrd;aul l=i,;d mq¾K ore msßila ìysúu" orejka ;=< kdhl;aj yd fm!reI;aj .=Kdx. j¾Okh úu fuu <ud l|jqr u.ska wruqKq lrk ,§¡ fï i|yd iïm;aodhlhska f,i wurd wurisxy yd tia¡ iqÈka uy;d iyNd.s jqy¡ fuu l|jqr ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%slalfha f.da u rka l vj, m% d foa Y S h fha lrla . yjej"
ks i d mßirh ms < s n | wNs f hda . hlg id¾:l f,i uqyqK §ug kï ñksia iudcfha wdOHd;añl wxYh;a" foaYmd,k iy wd¾Ól wxYh;a ms < s n |j kj ixl,amkd we;s lr.ekSu jeo.;a h¡ fuf;la wm Ndú;d l< Ys,amSh l%u" uq,O¾u" foaYmd,k iy wd¾Ól wxYh;a ms<sn|j kj ixl,amkd we;s lr .ekSu jeo.;a h¡ fuf;la wm Ndú;d l< Ys,amsh l%u" uq,O¾u" foaYmd,k iy wd¾Ól ixúOdk iy ksIamdok ud¾." ;dËKh wd§ jQ ish¨u wxY ms<sn|j uq,sl fjkila lsÍug;a wms iQodkï úh hq;= fjuq¡ wo › ,xldj;a f,dalfha fndfyda rgj¨;a .uka lrkafka úYajf.da,Sh iduqysl ish Èú kid .ekSfï ud¾.hl h¡ ffu;%sh ffjrhg mßj¾;kh ùu ks i d ys x idfjkq ; a fnod.ekSu iy iyfhda.S;djhka ñksia oyu fjkqjg fm!oa.,sl whs;sh iy l=ßre ;r.h ñksia iudcfha iajNdjh njg mßj¾;kh ù we;s ksid w¿;a l< yels fkdyels fidnd iïm;la u úkdY lrñka wfma bkaøShhka i;=gq lsÍfï ;r.hl wms fh§ isákafkuq¡ fï wkaoñka wfma wkd.; mrïmrdj,ska Khg .;a ld,h jeh lrñka ñksia iudch iqfLdamfNda.s;ajh wruqKq fldg uOq i uhla .;lrk w;r uq ¿ ñks i a Ys I a g dpdrhg u ch .ekS u g wudre wNs f hda . u;= f jñka ;s f í¡ fïjdg uqyqK§ug wms iqodkï o@ 1970 .Kkaj, we;s jQ wkaofï n,Yla;s w¾nqohla kej; f,dalfha we;sjqjfyd;a ,xldj jeks rgj,g thg uqyqK Èh yels o@ wdOHd;a ñ l fyda iodpdrd;a u l fyda ixialD;sl fyda iudðl fyda wd¾Ól fyda foaYmd,ksl fyda wfmau hehs lsj yels o¾Ykhla" ;dËKhla" jHqyhla ke;s wmg we;s wkd.;h l=ula o@ m%d.aOk iïm;a jYfhka ne¨jfyd;a wfmauhehs lsjyels m%d.aOkhla wmg b;s ß fõo@ uq y q ÿ lrfha Ôj;a j k wfma orefjl=g iqÿje,s l;rÈf.a weúo f.dia uqyqÿ Èh mE.Sug fyda kEug ;ekla b;=refõ o@ .d¨ uqjfodr msáh mjd úfoaYSh wdfhdackj,g hg;a fõ kï ±kg b;sßj ;sfnk uqyqfoka yud tk msßisÿ jd;h wd>%dKh lsÍugj;a wmg ksoyila b;sß fõ o@ wiSñ; Ok wdYdfjka úI ridhksl øjH wfma mig" lDIsl¾uhg"
lsUq,ameáhdj" nlaó.u hk .ïudk j,ska iy l=Épfõ,s m%foaYfha ;sßhdh" ldisï k.¾" mq,auqfâ hk .ïudk j,ska isÕs;s yjq,a idudðlhska 272 msßila iyNd.s jQy¡ tÈk jev igykg l%Svd jevigyka yd ixialD;sl jevigyka we;=<;a jQ w;r <ud ks¾udK" <ud whs;sjdislï yd <ud ysxikh iïnkaOfhka fmdiag¾ wvx.= m%o¾Ykhla o meje;aúKs¡ ;%sl=Kdu,h m<d;a kshuq fiajl uy;d we;=¿ ld¾h uKav,h fuys ixúOdk lghq;= b;d uekúka isÿfldg ;snq w;r m%KS; wdydr mdkdÈfhka <uhskayg ix.%y lsßuo isÿlrk ,§¡
PdhdrEm 16 msgqj
wdydrj,g" c,hg" jd;hg tl;= l< nyqcd;sl iud.ïj,g muKla újD; wd¾Ólfha l¾;Dldrlhla ùug bv§fuka wfma udkj ohdj fyda mßirh /fla o@ fiiq ÿmam;a f,dalhu ;ukaf.a wd¾Ól" ;dËKs l yd foa Y md,ks l .% y Khg wiqlrf.k —fyg uereK;a ys;g iemhs wo fcd,s lr,d˜ hk o¾Ykhla Tiafia .uka lrk ngys r hq f rda m S h W;= r e weußldkq iy cmka n,fõ. ;%sfldaKfha bÈßm;a lrk Ôjk rgdj m%;slafIam fldg wmg hdfok wfma u Ôjk rgdjla wmg f.dvkÕd .; fkdyels o@ fï .ek is;kak¡ wjidk jYfhka Tnf.a kHdh m;%hg tl;= lr.; yels fhdackd lsysmhls 1¡ iqfLdamfNda.s;ajh;a oßø;dj;a hk wka; folu m%;slafIam lrkak¡ ÿmam;alñka o f;dr fmdfydi;anúka o f;dr Ôjk rgdjla b,lal lr.kak¡ wm Ôj;ajk iudch tjeks Ôjk rgdjlg mßj¾;kh lsÍug kdhl;ajh fokak¡ 2¡ j;aufkys mj;sk ksIamdok fnodyeÍï mßfNdack wd§ jQ ish¨ u wd¾Ól l%u mokï ù we;sf;a mdIdKsl bkaOk iy kHIaál n,Yla;sh uq,a lrf.kh¡ uq¿ f,dju úI fldg jkik fuu n,Yla;s l%uh;a" tu l%uh u; mokï jQ uOH.; wd¾Ól l%uh;a m%;slafIam lrkak¡ ta fjkqjg iEu ñksfil=gu iïmq¾K ksoyi ,efnk iq¾h n,Yla;sh 21 fjks ishjfia tlu n,Yla;s l%uh nj úYajdi fldg ta wkqj Tfí wOHdmkh" Ys,amSh l%uh iy iyc oialï ÈhqKq lr.kak¡ 3¡ mdßißl ms ß is ÿ lu;a " wdOHd;a ñ l úuqla;sh;a uOH.; l< yels ldrKd fkdfõ¡ tajd úuOH.;j muKla id¾:lj l%shd;aul l<yels idrO¾uhka h¡ ksYaÑ; jYfhka u idrO¾u mj;skafka mqoa.,hd" mjq, iy m%cdj mokï jQ iudc l%uhl muKs¡ b;sydifhka wmg tjeks iudchlg wjYH moku imhd § ;sfí¡ ta ksid .eñ m%cdj uq,a jQ kj wd¾Ól foa Y md,ks l - iudðl jHq y hla › ,xldfjka f,dalhg fok odhdoh jYfhka 21 jk ishjfia § Tn ks¾udKh l< hq;=h¡
wdpd¾h ta¡ à¡ wdßhr;ak
Tfí .fï” iñ;sfha” osia;s%lalfha mqj;a” ks¾udK wm fj; ,shd tjkak l;D” i¾fjdaoh mqj;am;” fkd’ 98” rdj;dj;a; mdr” fudrgqj’ *elaia 0112656512 ÿl 0112647159 i¾fjdaoh
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udch hkq ñksia .;slhkaf.a tl;=jls¡ moaO;shls¡ ks r ka ; rfhka ñks i d fuka u iudch o fjkia fõ¡ fuu fjkiajk iudch ;=< § flá ld,hlska ´kEu fohla blaukska wu;l lr ±óug ñksidg yelafla ld,.=K úm¾hdihla fuks¡ úúO;ajhla iys; wm iudcfha ks r ka ; rfhka we;s jk w¾nq o hka g wjOdkh ,nd Èh hq;= jqjo miq.sh ld, jljdkqj ;=< isÿjQfha Bg yd;amiskau fjkia fohls¡ wjOdkhla ,nd§h hq;= fndfyda iudc w¾nqohka ksoyfia .,d hdug bv § ksy~ ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lrkakg furg md,lfhda fhduq jQy¡ ck;djf.a md¾Yjfhka Tjqkaf.a woyia úuiñka we;sjk .eg¨j,g ksielju wjOdkh ,ndfoñka úiÿï ,ndÈh hq;= wjia:djkays Bg fjkia jQ mqj;la ujd mdñka ikik ,oafoa furg idudkH ck;djf.a m%Yak o ke;fyd;a mj;akd iudc l%uh o hkak .eg¨jls¡ tÈfkod Ôú;fha úúO ye, yema m S ï j,g ,la j k furg idudkH ck;djg ojilg fyda i;shlg fyda udihlg is ; ka k ;a f.jka ; ;a jk wjidkhla fkdue;s .eg¨ tugh¡ wd¾Ól m% Y a k fhka neglk ck;djg cd;s l m%Yak;a" fi!LH m%Yak;a bka Tínu ue;s weu;s j reka f .a foa Y md,k m% Y A k ;a n,mEï lrkafka lsisÿ blauka iykhla fyda úiÿula fkd,enh¡ lsisÿ m%Yakhla ke;akï W;a;Í;r md¾,sfïka;= iNdfõ ue;sjrekaf.a lE flda .eiSïj;a idudkH ck;djg m%Yakhla lrkakg udk n,k fldf;l=;a wh wm iudcfha isáhs¡ kuq;a úiÿula fyda idudkH ck;djf.a ;;H iudc m% Y a k fyda mj;a k d úuiS u la lrkakg ;rï Tjqka ldreKsl o hkak .eg¨ iy.;h¡ rfÜ m%Yakhehs ujd mdka k d fndfyda m% Y A k nyq ; rhla ksfhdackh jk furg idudkH ck;djf.a m%Yak o hkak oeäj úu¾Ykh l< hq;=fõ¡ talaflda fndfydauhla oE iq¿;r msßilf.a jQjukdjka fyda ,dN m%fhdack Wfoid we;s lrkq ,nk jdKsc ,dNh uq,a lr.;a w¾nqohkah¡ tjeks m%Yak furg iuia: ck;djf.au m%Yak jYfhka ksfhdackh úu w¾nqofha;a w¾nqohls¡ nvq ñf,ka neglk idudkH ck;djg jeä l,a fkdf.dia úÿ,s ier j|skakg jQfha lsisfjl= fkdis;= f,isks¡ idudkH ck;djg muKla n,mE úÿ,s w¾nq o h is h ,a , g wu;l lrka k g isx.mamqrefjka yÈiaisfha wd uka;%S uy;dg yelsjQfha md,lhkaf.a is;a i;=gq lrñks¡ tf;la úÿ,s ier je§ lE.eiq ck;djg úÿ,sfha ier wu;l lrkakg;a w¨;a w¾nqohla .ek is;kakg;a wjia:dj ,ndoSu md,lhka ,o ch.%yKhls¡ tf;la úÿ,sh Odrdjka mi mi yUd .sh fudjqka uka;%sjrfhl=f.a wd.ukh .ek l;d lrk ,oafoa th furg idudkH ck;djf.a m%Yakhla f,ih¡ kuq;a th rfÜ idudkH ck;djg tf;la mej;s m%Yakhla o hkak ieneúkau úuish hq;=h¡ ksYAÑ;j úiÿï fiúh hq;= m%Yak mej;soa § fjk;a foa m%YAkhka njg m;alr .ekSu W.=rg fydrd fnfy;a îula jeksh¡ kuq;a úÿ,s ìf,ka mSvdjg m;aj lE .ik idudkH
ck;dj ikiñka iq¿iykhla ,nd§ug uehs m<uqjk od lghq;= lrk ,oafoa md,lhskag fyda wdKavqjg mdvqjla fkdjk f,ih¡ kuq;a úÿ,s ñ, w¾nqofhka ;ju;a neg lkafka furg idudkH ck;djh¡ wd¾Ól w¾nqohkaf.ka mSvdjg m;ajk idudkH ck;djg ysáyeáfha fjkia jk ld,.= K úm¾hdihka o iuÉp,a lrkakg jqfha fkdis;= úre f,ih¡ ±ä kshÕhlg uqyqK fokakg n,d isá ck;djg iq<s l=Kdgqjlska mSvdjg m;aj isáh§ Tjqka ms<sn| i<ld n,kjdg jvd wod< n,OdÍkag wjOdkh ,nd ÿkafka iq<s l=Kdgqfõ —uyfika˜ kduhgh¡ iq<s l=Kdgqj fya;=fjka mSvdjg m;a idudkH ck;dj fyda fN!;sl iïm;a m%udKh ms<sn| l;d fkdl< fndfyda msÍia ;ju;a l;d lrkafka uyfika kduh ms<sn|jh¡ fnx.d, fndlafla we;sjk le<sô<s iajNdj,ska we;sjk iq<s l=Kdgq ;;a ; a j hka g kï Ndú; ls Í u fuu l,dmhkag wh;a rgj,a w;r isÿlrkq ,efí¡ 2005 § › ,xldj úiska —uyfika˜ hkq f jka kdu fhda c kd ls Í u iq < s l= K dgq f jka jQ wmod .ek i,lñka idudkH ck;dj ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sulg jvd w¾nqohla ùu mSvdjg m;a ck;djf.a wjdikdjlg isÿjQjls¡ mj;akd h:d m%Yak fyda w¾nqo ms<sn| l;d fkdfldg fjk;a wkjYH oE l;d lsÍu furg fndfyda ld,hl isg mej; tk iïm%odhls¡ th fjkia úh hq;= jQjo ;ju;a lsisfjl=f.a wjOdkh Bg fhduq fkdùu lK.dgqjg lreKls¡ iq < s l= K dgq f jka mS v djg m;a ck;dj ms<sn| fidhd n,kjdg jvd ish,a,kau fidhd ne¨fõ uyfika kdufha w, .sh uq, .sh ;ekah¡ iq<s l=Kdgqfjka mS v djg m;a idudkH ckhd iq m q r eÿ ld¾hka y s ks r ; jQ j ;a ;ju;a wod< mqoa.,hka lrkafka uyfika kduh .ek l;d lsÍuh¡ l;d l<hq;= fndfyda w¾nqo rfÜ ;sìh§ ;ju;a wkjYH foa l;d lrñka ck;dj fkduÕ weÍug md,lhka .kakd W;aidyh wjidkhla ke;¡ bÈßfha § isÿùug kshñ; nia.dia;= jeäùu fyda bkaok .dia;= jeäùu fyda jif¾ uq,a ld¾;=fõ wmkhk wdodhu 10¡7] lska my<g neiSu fyda fmdfydr iud.ïj,g fldà 1500la Kh ùu jeks oE iïnkaOfhka l;d fldg úiÿï imhkjdg jvd ck;dj bÈßfha lshdmEug fï Èkhkays md,lhskaf.a uqj wefrkafka bÈßfha § meje;aùug kshñ; fmdÿrcH uKAv,hSh rdcH kdhl iuq¿j ms<sn|hs¡ wd¾Ól w;ska ±ä w¾nqohlg ,lajk furg ck;djf.a nÿ nr bÈßfha § ;j;a jeä lsÍug id¾:l f,i fuu iuq ¿ jg yels j kq ks h ;h¡ mj;s k m%Yakhka w¾nÿhka ie<ls,a,g .ksñka tajdg úiÿï fiùug;a tajd ms<sno l;d lsÍu;a w;yer ck;djg iqkaor wdYap¾hla fmkaùu f.org ur.df;a rgg mrldfia jeks l%shdjls¡ mj;sk w¾nqohka .ek l;d fkdfldg jHdc m%ldYkhkaf.ka rg fyda wkqka uq,d lsÍu fndfyda md,lhkaf.a m%;sm;a;shla ù we;¡ bÈßfha § isÿlsÍug kshñ; jev j¾ck fndfydauhl fiahdjka rg ;=<
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jila .d¨ uq j fodr merKs md¾,sfïka;= f.dvke.s,a, wi, ;sfnk md,ug fya;a;= ù úYd, msßila f;frms f;frms fíf¾ jej Èyd n,ñka isáhy¡ yefudau l=;=y,fhka hq;=j c,h foi ne¨j;a l=ula ksid tfia n,d isákjd ±hs lsisfjla fkdo;ay¡ wjik t;ekg meñKs uy;a u fhla úmrï fldg úuik úg Tyqg ±k .kakg ,enqfKA" ta uq,g isá l=vd orefjla jej foi n,d isá ksid ;uka o ta foi n,d isák njhs¡ ta lsisfjla <uhd f.ka c,h foi n,d isákafka wehs ±hs úuid ke;¡ Tyq úiska fï <uhdf.ka úuiq úg fï <uhd ms<s;=re ÿkafka u;=msg isg Èh hgg .sh ud¿fjl= kej; u;=msgg tk;=re Tyq n,d isá njhs¡ wkaOdkqlrKfhka tys /iaj isá úYd, msßi l=ulg tys /iajQfjda ±hs wjfndaO jQfha fuúgh¡ 1983 cq,s udifha wjika i;sfha Èfkl fld<U is g ms g m<d;a j ,g mdr fome;a f ;ka u is h .Kka jdyk wefokakg úh¡ mÈl fõÈld Wäka mjd ìfhka ;e;s .;a ßhÿfrda jdyk mojd f.k .shy¡ jdyk tlsfklg yemqK;a lsisfjla ta .ek ;elSula lf<a ke;¡ yels blaukska fld<ôka bj;g mek .ekSug hs Tjqkg Wjukd lf<a¡ fï l,ne.Eksh isÿ jqfha —fldá fld<Ug .ykjd˜ hehs ljqfoda fndre m%pdrhla l< ksidh¡ we;s foa we;s ieáfhka fidhd n,d lghq;= lsÍug ;rï isys nqoaêhla wm iudcfha fndfyda wh ;=< ke;s nj fujeks isoaêkaf.ka fudkjg meyeÈ,s fõ¡
mjq,l fõjd" .ul fõjd" iudchl fõjd" rgl fõjd hï kdhl;ajhla ;sìh hq;=h¡ kdhl;ajh hkq mqoa.,fhla fkdfõ¡ mqoa.,fhla ;=<ska ms<sìUq jk .=K iuqodhla h¡ iudchl .=Kd;aul nj msßfyk úg fï ÿ¾.=Kj,g iÔù kdhl;a j hla fok ms ß ila o yev .efi;a¡ Tjqkaf.ka iudchg jkafka ydkshlauh¡ ±kg b;d fõ.fhka rgmqrd jHdma ; jk u;a ø jHj,g weíneys ù u fuhg fyd| WodyrKhls¡ fï ksid oyia .Kkla ;reK Ôú; ±kgu;a fírd.; fkdyels wkaoug úkdY ù ;sfí¡ fndfyda jerÈ kdhl;aj msgqmi ;sfnkafka Okhg n,hg ;sfnk wdYdjh¡ fï ksid hym;a foaYSh idrO¾u fjkqjg jdKsc fyda foaYmd,k jákdlï n,j;a ù ;sfí¡ fï ksid mdGYd,d we;=<; foaYSh idrO¾u fyd|ska jgyd.;a YsIH kdhl mrmqrla f.dvkeÕSu w;sYhska u wjYHh¡ uf.a fm!oa.,sl yeÕSu kï wdkkaod kd,kaod jeks fY%aIaG fn!oaO úoHia:dk ;=<ska fï kdhl;ajhg mqfrda.dñ;ajh Èh hq;= njhs¡ kd,kaod YsIH kdhl iuq¿j u.ska fï lafIa;%fhys jeo.;a fiajdjka fï jir lsysmh ;=< isÿ lr we;¡ fuh ;jÿrg;a ÈhqKq lr wfma isiq mrmqrg ksjerÈ uÕ fmkaùula §ug wêIaGdk lr.kakd fuka j;auka YsIH kdhlhska f.ka wms b,a,d isáuq ¡
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md;a fk;a jf.a hehs lshukla we;¡ fk;a mdokafka fmd;ah¡ is;a u;a lr fmd;aj,g wlue;af;da ke;s ;rïh¡ fmd;a ke;s ;ekl rfcla fjkjdg jvd fmd;a m;a msreKq ldurhl hosfhlaj isàu hym;a hehs tla;rd od¾Ykslfhla mjid we;¡ fmd;g we¨ï lrkafkda is;ska fmdfydi;a hehs ls h ukla we;¡ fuh yßhg ±fkkqfha fmd;a mßYS,kh lrkakdh¡ —orefjl=g fmd;la fokak¡ tys ;E.s f,dßhlg jvd jà˜ lshkafka tfyhsks¡ fï fidÿre f,dalfha Ôj;aùu ÿl jdikd f.kfoka k ls ¡ tfy;a Ôj;aùug jvd Ôj;h ms<sn| wjfndaOh jeo.;ah¡ iem;g jvd iem ms<sn| kHdh jeo.;ah¡ lshùu iïmq¾K ñksfil= ;khs¡ iei|Su yd l;dj i¾j iïmQ¾K ñksfil= ;khs¡ lmáfhda lshùu ú.%y lr;s¡ idudkH wh ls h ùu w.h lr;s ¡ {dkjka ; fhda lshùfuka fndfyda M, ,n;s¡ fï ish¨ f;dr;= r e Ôj;a ù u i|yd wjfnda O fm<.efioA§ ksy~j fjk;a oE .ek l;d lrkakg ;rï iqjodhS mßirhl Ôj;aùfï yelshdj fndfyda n,OdÍkag ,eî we;¡ Kh nßka mSvkhg m;ajkak;a jev j¾ckhkaf.ka fyïn;a fjka;;a isÿù we;s idudkH ck;djg wdYap¾hl udhdjka foi n,d isákakg yelsfõo@
lr.ekSu Ôj;ajk mqoa.,hdf.a isß;hs¡ fmd;m; lshùu ms<sn|j uy.;alre ud¾áka úl%uisxyhka fufia lshd we;¡ —Wiia úÿy,lska fyda m`äjrfhl=f.ka W.;alula fkd,;a ud ±kqu ,enqfõ wdYdfjka fmd; m; lshùfuks˜¡ fmd;a ±lalu ys;a msfrkjd¡ hkqfjka fpdfldiaf,dajelshdkq lshukla ;sfí¡ fmd;a ke;s ldurh wd;a u hla ke;s YÍrhlehs ,;ska msre<la lshhs¡ ,sxhqjdx lshkqfha m%{djka; ñksid fmd;a m ;a fuka u Ôú;h o lshjk njh¡ fmd;am;a .ek fï igyk uelaisï f.da¾lsf.a fï lshufkka yudr lruq¡ —ud ;=< jQ hym;a yeu fohlagu uu fmd;am;aj,g Kh.e;sfjñ¡ uu fmd;aj,g wdorh lrñ¡ yeu fmd;lau ug fmfkkafka ydialula yeáhgh˜¡
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dalfha bmerKs YsIagdpdrhka ish,a,lau mdfya fukau ,xldfjyso ckdjdi wdrïNh;a iuÕ c,h hkak jeo.;a wjYH;djhla jq nj;a ta wkqj ,dxflah w;S;h ;= < jdÍ ;dËKfha wdrïNh;a " Bg furg rcjreka f .a odhl;ajh;a .ek wm úiska miq.sh l,dmfhka idlÉPd lf<uq¡ tjka iqúfYaI;ajhka /ila iys; furg jdÍ ;dËKfha ks¾udKhka ms<sn| fufia jeäÿrg;a wm fidhd n,uq¡ uq,slju w;S; rdcH ueÈy;aúu Tiafia ixj¾Okhg m;a ,laÈj jdß l¾udka;h ;=< bÈ jQ ks¾udKhka jeõ" we< ud¾." fmdl=Kq uq,slju fldgia lsysmhlg j¾. l< yelsh¡ fulS jdß ks ¾ udKhka bÈ lsßfuka muKla fkdkej;=Kq rcjre ta j dfha kv;a ; = j i|yd fjkuu ks,OdÍka m;al< w;r jeõ c,hg ,nd .;a nÿ uqo,a j,ska tajd kv;a;=jg wjYH uqo,a m%udKhlao fjka lrk ,§¡ jeõ kv;a;=jg yd tajd Ndrj m;al< ks,OdÍka w;r" wKdKsl ;sY jdß l¾udka;h yd iïnkaO bxðfkarejka ^oU,af,ka ,enqKq fi,a ,smshla& wä;h W;r-we< ud¾. Ndrj lghq;= l< ks<OdÍ ^lE.,a, Èia;%slalfha udmsg úydrfha f,ka ,smshla& jejE cEreï jeõ l¾udka;h yd iïnkaO úOdhl ks,OdÍ ^ñyska;,fhka ,enqKq fojk fiak rdcH ld,hg wh;a ,smshla& hk ks,OdÍka isá nj i|yka fõ¡ tfiau jefjka ,nd.;a c,h i|yd Wol Nd. fyj;a olnl" olm;s" u;r uðnlm;s hk nÿ j¾. wh lr.;a neõ fi,a ,sms idËs orhs¡ fuh uqo,ska ke;skï wiajekafkka fldgila f,i wh lr.;a neõ i|yka fõ¡ iajNdúlj msysá c, ud¾.hlg ndOlhla ouñka uQ,slju jeõ bÈ lsßï werô w;r miq ld,Skj th ÈhqKq yd ;dËKsl l%ufõohka Tiafia úYd, jYfhka j¾Okh úh¡ uq,slju úh<s l,dmfha lDIs l¾udka;hg ndOlhla jQ c,h tla /ia l r ;nd .ekS f ï l% u fõohla jYfhka ìysjQ jeõ miq ld,Skj b;d úYd,j c, Odß;djla rojd ;nd.; yels ks¾udKhka olajd j¾Okh úh¡ ta wkq j ia j Ndúlj ms y s á Wia N+ ñ follg c,h ueÈjk f,i tla mfilska neïula bÈlsÍfuka werô jej i|yd kùk wx.hka tla jkakg úh¡ ta wkqj jeõ neïu" fidfrdõj wu;rj ìfida fldgqj" i<mkdj" msgjdk wd§ jQ kùk wx.hka jejg tlaúh¡ jeõ neïu - jefõ c,h r|jd ;nd .kshs¡ fidfrdõj - c,h wjYH m%udKhg uqod yß" i<mkdj - r< myßka jeõ neïug úh yels ydks j<lajhs¡ msgjdk - w;sßla;j ,enqKq c,h uqodyß" ìfida fldgqjfidfrdõj fj; tk wêl mSvkh wju lrhs¡ mKavqldNh rcq- nijlal=,u jej ^wNh jej&" foajdkïmsh;siai rcq - ;sid jej" uydkd. rcq - ;siai jej" j<ia jej" ÿgq.euqKq ^ÿÜG .dñKs& rcq - fidrfndr jej" ioaod;siai rcq-
moúh jej we;=¿ jeõ 18la" wduKao.dñKs wNh rcq - uyd .dfukaÈ jej" b,kd. rcq - ;siai jej" ¥r;sia jej" iouqyqKq;siai rcq - uksld,.du jej" jiÕ rcq- fkdÉÑfmd;dk jej" ysßjvqkak" ld,shjOk udkakkaleáh" uyú,ÉÑh" l,d n<¨ jej we;=¿ jeõ 11la " uyfika ^uyd fia k & rcq ñkafkaßh jej" ljqvq¿" yqrE¿" uy.,a lvj," uylKord" udñKs h d jej we;=¿ jeõ 16la bÈ lr we;¡ úYd,;u jdß l¾udka;h jkafka wlalr 4670l N+ñhla jeiS hk mßÈ ie;mqï 1¡25la È. jeõ neïulska hq;a ñkafkaßh jejhs¡ m<uqjk Wm;siai rcq - f;damd jej" ÿUq;=¿ jej we;=¿ jeõ 06la" Od;=fiak rcq - l,d jej" udkj;a;= fyj;a fhdaO jej we;=¿ jeõ 18la bÈ lr we;¡ úYsIag;u ks¾udKh jkafka wlalr 6380l N+ñhla jid .;a ie;mqï 3¡75 la È. jeõ neïulska hq;a l,d jejhs¡ fhdaO jefõ we;s úYsIag;ajh jkqfha ie;mqï 7la È. wä 14la Wi jeõ neïu iïnkaO lsÍug iajNdúl l÷ mka;Ska folla fkdue;s jqj;a jeõ neïu w¾O ljdldr neñ folla f,i ksujd jejla bÈ lsÍug ,dxflah jdßld¾ñl Ys,amSka iu;aj we;s neúks¡ fojk uq.,ka rcq- m;a myK jej" noúh jej we;=¿ jeõ 03la m<uqjk w.afnda rcq - ueÿre jej" ;=rekaojdmsh jej" ñyska;f,a jej" fojk w.afnda rcq - lka;f,a jej" .sß;,d jej" m,dyiai jej" bÈlr we;¡ fï w;ßka lka ; f,a jej ,xldfõ .eUqre;u jdß l¾udka;h f,i ie<fla¡ tys jeõ neïfï we;eï ia:dkhl Wi wä 52¡5la muK fõ¡ m<uqjk úchndyq rcq - nq ÿ .= K jdms h jej" m<uq j k mrdl%undyq rcq - mrdl%u iuqøh" f;damd" ÿUq;=¿" trnÿ" mrdl%u ;gdl" uyskao ;gdl" mrdl%u id.r" talyjdms jej we;=¿ uy jeõ 163la yd l=vd jeõ 2376la bÈ lr we;¡ fudjq k a f .a úYsIag;u ks¾udKh jkafka mrdl%u iuqøhhs¡ wlalr 5350l N+ñ m%foaYhla hgjk mßÈ ks¾ñ; tys neïfï È. ie;mqï 8¡5la muK nj;a Wi wä 40la muK jk nj;a i|ykah¡ mqrdúoHd idËs u; ;yjqre lr.kakd ,o jdß ks¾udKhka fumuK jQj;a" Bg jvd úYd, m%udKhla jeõ ,laÈj bÈjkakg we;¡ kuq;a tajd ms<sn| i|yka fkdjkakg we;af;a we;eï úg tajd rdcH wkq.%yh u; bÈ fkdùu fyda bÈ l< ks¾udKhkaf.a mqrdúoHd;aul idOl úkdY ù hdu ksidjks¡ ,xldfõ w;S; rdcOdks udreùfï § úfYaIfhka fmdf<dkakre hq.fhka miq rdcOdks b;d iSñ; jQ ld,hla mej;Su ksid miq hq.hka ;=< t;rï úYd, jdß ks¾udKhka isÿ fkdjqKs¡ iajNdúlj msysá we, ud¾. yd .x.d yria lrñka jeõ ;ekSu wdrïN l<o" ck;djf.a wjYH;djh u; lD;suj bÈl< we< ud¾.hkao wmf.a w;S; jdß l¾udka;h ;=< ±l.; yel¡ uq,slju jejlg c,h f.k taug fyda tlS jejl mj;sk w;sßla; c,h ;j;a jejlg f.k hdfï wruqKq we;sj we<
ud¾. bÈ úh¡ tfia bÈjQ we< ud¾.hkag o w;S; jdÍ ld¾ñl ±kqu tl fia wod, lr .;a w;r" j;auka ks¾udKhka yd iiooa § tajd b;d Wiia uÜgul úh¡ we;eï ks¾udK .x.djka ;rugu úYd, jQfhka tajd .x.d jYfhka u fmdÿ Ndú;h ;=< ye|skaúKs¡ ch .Õ jeks we< ud¾. tajdg WodyrKhkah¡ jeõ bÈlsÍu ;rïu w;S;hl fkdjq K o we< ud¾. bÈ lsÍuo wmf.a w;S; rcjreka i;=j ckm%shj mej;s njg idËs mj;shs¡ fï ms<sn|j m%:ujrg meyeÈ,s idËs u;= jkafka l%s¡ j¡ 67-111 w;r ld,fha rdcH l< jiN rcqf.a ld,fhks¡ Tyq úiska uyje,s .fÕa m%Odk w;= .x.djla jk wUka .Õ yria lrñka ie;mqï 30la ÿrg úysfok mßÈ we,sidr fyj;a we<ydr we< bÈl< neõ ±lafú¡ fï ks¾udKhg wu;rj Tyqf.a rdcH ld,fha we< ud¾. 11la bÈ jQ neõ ±lafõ¡ fï wkqj wkqrdOmqr hq.fha jdß l¾udka; b;sydifha m%Odk ixêia:dkhla jk jiN rdcH ld,h jk úg we, ud¾. ;ekSfuys jákdlu yd ta ms<sn| jQ lsishï wjfndaOhla wmf.a w;S; jdß bxðfkarejka i;= jQ neõ meyeÈ,sh¡ óg wu;rj fï ld,fha§u fmdl=Kq ksujd Bg fmd<j háka c,h f.k hdfï Wux c, ux l%uhla mej;s njgo idËs fõ¡ th jxY l;dfjys —c, ud;sld˜ hkqfjka olajd ;sfí¡ fï wkqj wmf.a we< ud¾. bÈlsÍfï ;dËKh tjlgo b;d ÈhqKq uÜgul mej;s njg milafõ¡ wuqKq bÈ lsÍu fndfyda úg jeõ ;ekSu i|yd fhdod .;a w;r úfYaIfhka jejlg c,h ,nd .ekSfï§ .x.djla yria lsÍu i|yd wuqKq bÈ lf<ah¡ we;eï wjia:dj, wuqKla bÈ lrñka iajNdúl .x.djl ÈYdj fjkia lrñka fjk;a m%foaYhlg c,h ,nd .;a wjia:do we;¡ wmf.a wjOdkh ó<.g fhduq jkafka wmf.a w;S ; we< ud¾. yd wuq K q ks¾udKhka ms<sn|j úuid ne,Sughs¡ uyfika rcq ^l%s¡ j¡ 274- 301& wkqrdOmqr hq.fha úYd,u m%udKfha jeõ bÈ lsÍfï wdrïNlhd yeáhg ie,flk uyfika rcf.a ld,fha§ bÈjQ ljqvq¿ jej i|yd mín; we< kï jQ we< ud¾.hla Tiafia c, ,nd.;a nj ±lafõ¡ óg wu;rj ;,j;= we< kï jQ úYd, we< ud¾.hla fudyqf.a rdcH wkq.%yh u; bÈ jQ nj;a" jiN bÈl< we<yer we< ñkafkaß olajd §¾> lsÍula isÿúh¡ Od;=fiak rcq ^l%s¡ j¡ 455- 473& wkq r dOmq r hq . fha jdß l¾udka ; fha iaj¾Kuh hq.h jYfhka igyka jk Od;=fiak rdcH ld,fha § bÈjQ ch .Õ fyj;a fhdaO we< w;S; jdß bxðfkarejdf.a yelshdj f,djg m%o¾Ykh l< uyÕ= ks¾udKhls¡ tkï ie;mqï 54la È. fhdaO wef<a m<uq ie;mqï 16 ;=< we;af;a ie;mqulg wÕ,a 6la ;rï jQ b;d l=vd nEjquls¡ fï ksid b;d úYd, m%foaYhla c,fhka fmdaIKh lsÍfï yelshdj fhdaO we<g ysñ ù ;sfí¡ úfYaIfhkau fuh bÈlsÍug fya;= jQ wkqrdOmqr k.rfha ck.ykh jeäùfï .eg¿jg tu.ska úiÿï imhd .kakg wmf.a w;S; jdÍ
bxðfkarejkag yelsjkakg we;¡ l%s¡ j¡ 5-6 Y;j¾Ih jk úg we<j,a u.ska jeõ tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍu ksid u,aj;= Tfha c,h uyje,s .x.dj olajd f.k hk mßÈ ixlS¾K c, m%jdyhla njg ixj¾Okh ù ;snq njg ft;sydisl idËs mj;shs¡ úfYaIfhka ful, bÈ jQ ñksfma wuqK" y;af;dg wuqK wd§ jQ ks¾udK uyje,s .Õ wdY%s;j bÈ ù ;sfí¡ 1 jk mrdl%undyq rc;= u d ^l% s ¡ j¡ 1153-1186& › ,xldfõ jdß l d ¾ ñ l b;sydifhys ia j ¾Kuh hq . h yd wjika jeo.;a hq.h jYfhka ± l a f j k mrdl%undyq rdcH ld,h ;=< we<j,a 3910 la yd wuqKq 165 la bÈ jQ njg idËs mj;shs¡ th ,xldfõ muKla fkdj f,dalfha wka lsisÿ md,lfhl=g fkdfofjks ;rï jQ jdß ld¾ñl ixj¾Okhla neõ ´kEu flfkl=g jegfykjd we;¡ úfYaIfhka Tyq bÈl< mrdl%u iuqøh jeks iqúYd, jdß ks¾udKhka i|yd c,h ,nd .ekSu i|yd uyje,s .Õ yria fldg wx.ueä,a, kï ia:dkfha wuqKla bÈ lrñka wx.ueä,a, we< Tiafia o" .sß;f,a jefõ isg werfUk we< ud¾.hla Tiafia o c,h imhd.;a nj ±lafõ¡ fufia úúO rdcH wkq.%yh hgf;a ,xldfõ we< ud¾. yd wuqKq ixj¾Okh isÿjQ w;r jdß l¾udka;fha iaj¾Kuh wjêh jQ mrdl%undyq rcqf.a ld,h jk úg we< ud¾.hka Tiafia ish¨ jeõ yd .x.d ul=¿ ±,l wdldrfhka tlsfklg iïnkaO jQ b;d ixlS¾K c, m%jdyk l%uhla olajd j¾Okh ù ;snq neõ meyeÈ,sh¡ › ,xldfõ jdß l¾udka; ks¾udKhka w;r l,d;aul .=Kfhka b;d by< ks¾udKhka jYfhka fmdl=Kq fmkajd Èh yel¡ úfYAIfhka rdc ud,s.d" mQcH ia:dk wdÈfhys fmdl=Kq ks¾udKh ù we;s w;r" rdc wud;Hd§kaf.a fukau ìfidajrekaf.a mßfNdackhg o" ix>hd jyka f ia , df.a mßfNda c kh i|yd o fuu fmdl=Kq ks¾udKh fldg we;¡ fï ksid fmdl=Kq ks¾udKfha § l,d;aul ,ËK Bg wdfrdamKh lr.kakg we;¡ wkqrdOmqr hq.fha fukau" fmdf<dkakre hq.fha ±l .; yels rdc ud<s.d" msßfjka wd§ jQ iEu ia:dkhlu mdfya fmdl=Kq ks ¾ udK ±l.; yel¡ WodyrKhla f,i wNh.sßh" fÊ;jkdrduh wdÈfhao" fmdf<dkakrej wd,dyk msßfjka N+ñfhao úYd, fmdl= K q m% u dKhla ±l.; yel¡ l= Ü gï fmdl=K" we;a fmdl=K" fmdf<dkakrefõ fk¿ï fmdl=K wd§ jQ ks¾udK fmdl=Kq w;r Wiia .Kfha ks¾udK lsysmhls¡ l%s¡ j¡ miajk ishjfia § wkqrdOmqr hq.fha rdcH md,kh l< ldYHm rcq úiska ;u w. k.rh jYfhka iS.sßh kï jQ yqol,d m¾j;h f;dardf.k th ish¨ k.rdx.khkaf.ka hq;a mqrjrhla njg ixj¾Okh lf<Ah¡ fylaghd¾ 1¡5 l muK N+ñ Nd.hla mqrd Èh w.,a" mjqre" fmdl= K q " ud,s . " ux fm;a wd§ jQ is h ¨ wx.hkaf.ka iukaú; b;d ÈhqKq kd.ßl ,ËKhkaf.ka hq;a mqrjrhla jYfhka iS.sßh f.dvk.d we;s neõ ±kg b;sßj we;s kgUqka ;=<ska úoHdudk fjhs¡
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fuys§ wm úiska úuid nef,k jdß ;dËKhg wod,j iS.sß rdcOdksfha we;s jeo.;alu kï b;d ixlS¾K jQ c,jyk moaO;shla ta wdY%s;j l%shd;aul ùuhs¡ úfYaIfhka wogo ryilaj mj;sk iS.sß m¾j;h uqÿkg c,h f.k hdfï isg" Èh w.,a" fmdl=Kq" Èh u,a wdÈ jQ ks¾udK rdYshla iS.sßh wdY%s;j ±l .; yel¡
úfYaIfhka iS.sßh wdY%s; n,fldgqjla jYfhka ixj¾Okh l< ksidfjka úYd, jYfhka wjg Èh w.,a j,ska wdjrKh lr ;sfí¡ ta yereKq úg WoHdk ks¾udKfha § fjkuu cf,daoHdkhla iS.sßh ;=< ±l.; yelsh¡ fï m%foaYh ;=< iajNdúlj msysá .,a yryd ks¾udKh l< fmdl=Kq fukau lD;suj ks¾udKh l<
fmdl=Kq ±l.; yelsh¡ th wog o mjd fhda.H jQ Wiia k.r ie<iqï Ys,amhka u; bÈ ù we;s neõ kQ;k bxðfkarejkaf.a u;hhs¡ óg wu;rj iS.sßh ;=< wog o j¾Id ld,fha § l%shd;aul jk Èh u,a ±l .; yel¡ úfYaIfhka m¾j;h uqÿfka isg my<g .,d tk c,h mSvkhg ,la lrñka
tu Yla ; s h ;= < s k a l% s h d;a u l jk wdldrfhka fuu Èh u,a ks¾udKh lr we;¡ fï wd§ jQ iEu ks¾udKhla ;=<skau lshd mdkafka w;S; jdß ks¾udK Ys,amshd i;=j ;snQ yelshdj fld;rï o hkak ms<sn|jhs¡
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mrdO kS;shla jqj;a" isú,a kS;sh jQj;a ´kEu kS;shlg fmdÿ fldgia folla fõ¡ tkï yrhd;aul kS;sh yd ld¾h mámdál kS;sh f,isks¡ yrhd;aul kS;sfha § mqoa.,fhl=g hï whs;sjdislula ,ndfok w;r tu whs;sjdislu ,nd Èh hq;= ;eke;a;ka j.lSfuka n|jd ;nhs¡ óg WodyrK f,i .súiqï kS;sh" nqoaêuh foam, kS;sh wdÈh ±laúh yelsh¡ fulS kS;ska ;=<ska iudcfha úúO wxYj, whs;sjdislï iy j.lSï meyeÈ,sj olajd,hs¡ tlS whs;sjdislula hful= úis k a W,a , x.kh l< úg ks i s wêlrKhl kvq mjrd tu whs;sjdislu /l.; yelsh¡ tfia whs;shla W,a,x>kh ùu iïnkaOj ;uka wheo isák iykh wêlrKhlska ,nd .ekSfï § wod< jk kS;s Í;ska ld¾h mámdál kS;sh fõ¡ hï jrola je<la ù u i|yd fyda W,a,x>kh lrk ,o whs;shla iïnkaOj iykhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd kvqjla mejÍug yelshdj we;s —jro˜ kvq ksñ;a;la f,i y÷kajhs¡ ta wkqj" 1¡ hï jrola je<elaùu i|yd 2¡ whs;sjdislula W,a,x>kh jQ úgl § 3¡ whs ; s j dis l ula ,nd fkdfok wjia:djl § 4¡ ne|S u la bgq l s Í u m% ; s l a f Ia m lrk wjia:djl § 5¡ hq;=lula bg lsÍu meyer yeÍfuka ksh; ydkshla jk wjia:djl § 6¡ .súiqula lv lrk wjia:djl § 7¡ jrola úh yels njg ;¾ckhla we;s wjia:djl tu jro je<elaùu i|yd kvqjla mejßh yels w;r by; lS wjia:d —kvq ksñ;s˜ f,i .efka¡ › ,xldfõ fï ms<sn|j úê úOdk i,ikq ,nkafka wd{d mk;a iy mk;a uÕs k a fmda I Kh fjñka §¾> b;sydihla we;s 1979 wxl 19 orK isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yh u.sks¡ 1659 § ^1656-1796& ,kafoaiSka úiska › ,xldj wdl%uKh lsÍfuka miq Bg fmr
,xldfõ mej;s jOysxid yd o~qjï meñK ùfï l%uh o wfkl=;a kS;sÍ;s o ;ykug ,la lrñka Èjhsk ;=< hqla;sh mis|,Sfï l%shdj,sh iïmq¾Kfhkau mdfya frdau ,kafoaiS kS;shg wkqj l%shd;aul jQ w;r wo o ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk m%Odk kS;sh frdau ,kafoaiS kS;sh nj Tn fyd|skau
okakd lreKls¡ ta wkqj 1890 wf.daia;= ui 01 jk Èk isg ish¨u isú,a wêlrK mámdáh iïmsKavkh lrñka › ,xldfõ tjlg .re kS;sm;sj isá i¾ leuqfj,a f.%ksh¾ úiska 1889 wxl 02 orK isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yh flgqïm;a lr ilia lrk ,§ bkaÈhdkq isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yh iy 1886 ksõfhdla isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yh weiqßka ilia lrk ,o fuu ix.%yh ixfYdaok .Kkdjlg hg;a fjñka isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yh f,i kS;s.; lrkq ,eìKs¡ kvqjla hkq l=ula ±hs isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 05 iy 06 jk j.ka;s hgf;a w¾: ksrEmKh lr we;¡ ta wkqj kvqjla hkak kS;sh u.ska úia;r lr we;af;a jrola je<la ù u i|yd fyda jrola
iïnkaOfhka iykh ,nd .ekSu i|yd jQ kvq lghq;a;ls¡ wêlrK n,h l%shd;aul lsÍfuka ,nd.; yels iykhla i|yd ueÈy;a jk f,i wêlrKh fj; lrkq ,nk iEu b,a,Sula u kvqjla jk nj kS;sh i|yka lrhs¡ fuu ks¾jpk wkqj" tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wmg jeo.;a jkafka kvqjla i|yd t<ôh yels tkï" kvq mejßh yels fya;+ka ke;skï wjia:d fudkjdo hkakhs¡ ukaoh;a fkd±kqj;alu ksid wêlrKh u.ska ,nd .; yels wjia:d wm w;ska uÕyeÍ hdug bv we;s fyhsks¡ iEu kvq j lu b,a , S u la wka;¾.; ù ;sìh hq;= w;r kvq j la mejÍug m%udKj;a fya;=jla (Cause of Ac on) tkï —kvq ksñ;a;la˜ ;sîu wksjd¾h fõ¡ kvq j la mejÍu i|yd m%udKj;a fya;=jla mej;Sfï wjYH;djh ±ka wms okafkuq¡ tfia kvq ks ñ ;a ; la yg.;a wjia : djl kvq j la mjrkq ,nkafka flfia o hkak ó<Õg úuid n,uq¡ fï ms<sn| kS;suh m%;smdok isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 09 jk j.ka;sh u.ska olajd we;¡ kS;suh fyda uq.Huh fyda fjk;a iSudlsÍï j,g hg;aj" 1¡ ú;a;sldr md¾Yjh mÈxÑj isák fyda 2¡ kvqj mjrkq ,nkafkda hï bvula iïnkaOj kï tlS bvu iïmq¾Kfhka fyda fldgila fyda msysgd we;s fyda 3¡ kvq ksñ;a; mek keÕS ia:dkh fyda 4¡ bgqlrjd .ekSug wfmaËs; .súiqu we;s lrkq ,enqfõ fyda ljr wêlrK n, iSudjla ;=< § o tlS wêlrK n, iSudj ;=< jk wêlrKfhys kvq mejßh hq;=fõ¡ fulS 9 jk j.ka;shg tlu jH;sf¾lS
wjia:djla we;¡ ta újdy kvq tkï" —Èlalido kvq˜ iïnkaOfhys idudkH kS;sh wkqj ú;a;slref.a mÈxÑh u; kvq mjrkq ,nk wêlrK n, m%foaYh ;SrKh jqjo Èlalido kvqj,§ ú;a;slre fyda meñKs,slre mÈxÑ wêlrK n,iSudj, kvq mejßh yelsh¡ hï wêlrKhl kvqjl fyda wNshdpkhl§ wod< mshjr fyda b,a,Sula bÈßm;a lsÍu fyda fmkS isáu i|yd idudkHfhka Tn wod< kvq ksñ;a; fyda is;dish iuÕ kS;s{jrfhl= uqK .eis idlÉPd lsÍu isß; fõ¡ kuq;a isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 25-27 j.ka;s uÕska fï iïnkaO kS;suh m%;smdok olajd we;¡ ta wkqj" 1¡ kvqfõ md¾Yjlrejkag fm!oa.,slju fyda 2¡ isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 25 jk j.ka;sfhka ms<s.kq ,nk wkq ksfhdað;hl=g fyda 3 27 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a m;a lrkq ,nk ks;s{jrfhl=g kvqjla iïnkaOj wêlrKfha fmkS isáh yelsh¡ tfy;a fï iïnkaOj kS ; s { jrfhl= m;a lr.ekS u jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka ;uka wêlrKhg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk idËs fyda lreKq kS;suh mokulska ;ukag jdiS jkfia bÈßm;a lsÍu kvqj wjidkfha hqla;sh bgqlrjd .ekSug fnfyúka jeo.;a ùu;a kS;suh ±kqu yd m<mqreoao ta i|yd fndfydafihska bjy,a jk fyhsks¡ ;jo isú,a kvqúOdk ix.%yfha 33" 34" 207 yd 400 hk j.ka;s j, wka;¾.;j we;s frdau ,ka f oa i S kS ; s is o a O dka ; hla jk —Res Judicata˜ is o a O dka ; h wkq j mejßh fkdyels fõ¡ tu ksid wêlrKfha iyh m;k úgl ksjerÈj tlS b,a,Sï yd lreKq f.k yer ±laùu b;d jeo.;a fõ¡ fï ksid kS;s{jrfhl=f.a Wmfoia .ekSu jvd;a iqÿiq fõ¡
kS;s{ wkacdkd iS udmd Èidkdhl
fkda¾fõ we.av¾ úYaj úoHd,fha YsIH lKavdhu i¾fjdaoh fiajd lghq;= wOHhkh flf¾ W
we.av¾ úYAj úoHd,fha uydpd¾h iafõka ´l¾ uy;df.a iy reyqKq úYAj úoHd,fha Wmdê wOHhk wxYfha uydpd¾h jevigyka wOHCI ã w;m;a;= uy;df.a uQ , s l Fjfhka meñKs ms ß i ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï ffjoH úkahd wdßhr;ak uy;d úiska i¾fjda o h ix.ufha m% O dk ms<s.kakd ,§. f,alï ffjoH úkahd w d ß h r ; a k u y ; d f . a bkamiqj i¾fjdaoh b;sydih Wmfoa Y lFjfhka jevn,k o ¾ Y k h m % ; s m ; a ; s y d úOdhl wOHCI iqnfiak o ixj¾Ok l%shdoduh ms<sn|j is,ajd uy;d iy ld¾h foaYkh kS;s{ pdñkao u K a v , h ú i s k a T j q k a rdclreKd uy;d úiska o f j k q f j k a t l a È k i¾fjdaoh m%cd fi!LH jevigyk mss<sn| foaYkh jevigykla fufyhjk ,§ .Kavdj, fko¾,ka;h wd§ rgj, isiq isiqúhka 16 fofkl= i¾fjdaoh fiajd lghq;= ms<sn| wOHhkh lsÍu yd wxY keröu i|yd 2013 uehs ui 16 Èk i¾fjdaoh uQ,ia:dkhg meñKshy
ffjoH Ydka; o is,ajd uy;d úiska o isÿ lrk ,È¡ i¾fjda o h iq j fi; fia j d foafYdaoh wxYfha l%shd;aul fiajdjka úYAj ksfla;ka idu ks j yfka fia j djka fuka u i¾fjdaoh Ydka;sfiakd wxYfha fiajdjka ms<sn|j o ±kqj;a lsÍï i|yd ta ta wxY j,ska iïm;a odhlFjh ,enqKs¡ YsIH lKavdhu úiska wod, wxY keröfuka" wdpd¾h taà wdßhr;a k ue;s ; = u dg ,eî we;s iïudk we;=<;a fl!;=ld.drh keröfuka yd t;=ud úiska rÑ; fmd; m; ms<sn|j wOHhkhl fhÈks
fuu wOHhkh b;du;a jeo.;a njg uydpd¾h iafõka ´l¾ iy uydpd¾h w;m;a;= uy;d fukau isiq isiqúhka o woyia ±laúh bÈß j¾Ij, § fujeks YsIH lKavdhï wOHhk ld¾hhka i|yd i¾fjdaoh fj; fhduq lsÍug lghq;= lrk nj Tjqka úiska jeäÿrg;a mjik ,È¡ iq j fi; wdh;kfha l= v d orejkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd o úYAj ksfla;ka idu ksjykg o uq,H mß;Hd.hka ,ndfok ,§
huqKd nd,iQßh
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ixj¾Okfha iqÿ iy l¿ w
m mqoa.,hka f,i ixj¾Okh lrk foa tu m%cdfjys wfkla mqoa.,hka flfrys fukau wjidkfha § uq¿ uy;a m%cdjg;a rgg;a n,mE yel¡ tfiau wka wh lrkd foh fukau rchkao fï iïnkaOfhka lrk foh wmg;a rfgys wka ish¨fokdg;a n,mE yel¡ fuh wmg WodyrKhla uÕska meyeÈ,s lsÍug mq¿jk¡ wms tlsfkld ksmojk l= u la fyda fõjd ta u|la jeäfhka ks m oùfuka wmf.a wdodhï jeälr .ekSug wm ;SrKh lf<a hehs is;uq¡ wm ish¨fokdu f.dùka kï" wiajekak jeä w¨;a ù j¾.hla fhdod.ekSfuka ish,a,kau ;u ;ukaf.a wiajekak jeä l<fyd;a rfgys uq¿ wiajekak jvd;a jeä jkq we;¡ iy,a jv jvd;a iq,N jQ úg iy,a ñ, my< neis h yels neúka jeäfhka iy,a ksmo jQ f.dúkaf.a wdodhu t;rï m%udKhlska jeä úh fkdyelsh¡ th tfia isÿjqjfyd;a jeämqr iy,a ks m oùfuka ls i s ÿ w;s f ¾l jdis h la fkd,efnkq we;¡ tfy;a ñ, my; jeàu ksid wdydrh i|yd iy,a ñ,§ .kakka yg jdishla isÿúh yel¡ Tjqka ±ka iy,a ñ,§ .kakdúg f.jkafka fmrg jvd wvq uqo,la neúka hï uqo,la Tjqka w; b;sßùfuka tu b;sßfhka fjk;a lsisjla ñ, § .ekSug Tjqka fm<fUkq we;¡ fujeks úfgl fjk;a NdKav i|yd b,a¨u jeäjk úg tajdfha ñ, o jeä úh yelsh¡ iy,a ksmojk f.dùka o tjeks NdKav ñ,§ .kafka kï Tjqkag o tajd i|yd fmrg jvd jeä uqo,la f.ùug isÿjkq we;¡ fuys m%;sM,h jkq we;af;a iy,a ks m oùu jeä ls Í u fya ; = f jka wdodhu jeä jkq fjkq j g mdvq j la isÿùuh¡ fujeks ;;a;ajhla yeu úfglu isÿ fj;ehs is;sh hq;= ke;¡ rfgys iy,a ks I A m dokh tys ck;dj fmdaIKh lsÍug m%udKj;a fkdùu ksid iy,a msgráka f.kaùug isÿfõ kï ks I a m dokh jeä lr,Su msgráka iy,a f.kaùu wvq lr,Sug fya;= jkq we;¡ túg iy,aj, ñ, fkdfjkiaj mj;skq we;s w;r jeäfhka iy,a k s m o j k f.dùka g ths k a jdis h la is ÿ jkq we;¡ ta w;ru msgráka f.kajk iy,a m%udKh wvqùfuka hï uqo,la rfgys b;sß lr.; yels jk w;r th tu rgg m%fhdackj;a fjk;a NdKAv wdkhkh lsÍu i|yd fhdod.; yel¡
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mqoa.,hka tlsfkld lrk foa fjk;a fndfyda oE flfrys n,mdkafka flfiao hkak fï ksoiqfkka meyeÈ,s fõ¡ tfia jkafka wm wka whf.ka fjkaj Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hkaj;a m%cdjkaj;a fkdjk neúks¡ tfiau wka wh lrk foa o wm flfrys n,mEula we;s lrhs¡ ;j;a WodyrKhla .ksuq¡ wm m%foaYh yryd w¿;a mdrla lemSug ke;fyd;a ;sfnk mdrla ÈhqKq lsÍug rch ;SrKh lf<a hehs is;uq¡ fuhs k a fndfyda jdis is ÿ úh yels h ¡ .eñhkag jvd myiqfjka fjk;a ;ekaj,g hdï-Bï l< yels jkq we;¡ thska jvd fyd| wOHdmk yd fi!LH myiqlï ,efnkq we;¡ ;ukaf.a jeämqr ksIamdokh jeä ñ,lg úlsKSug yels jkq we;¡ tfiau .eñhkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh by< kxjd,sh yels kj ud¾. fukau kj woyia o fuys m%;sM,hla f,i we;s úh yelsh¡ tfy;a wfkla w;g m%cdjg t;rï ys;lr fkdjk m%;sM, o fï kj mdr ksid we;s úh yelsh¡ mßjyk myiqlï we;sùfuka w¨;a l¾udka; ke;fyd;a f.dú;ekg mdvq isÿúh yels oE msáka meñKsu isÿúh yel¡ m%foaYfha .eñhkag fkd.e<fmk woyia yd .;s isß;a wdÈh fndaùfuka Tjqkaf.a idrO¾uhkag ydks isÿúh yelsh¡ fjk;a fmfoiays fmdfydi;=ka meñK .fï bvï ñ, § .ekSfuka .eñhka bvï ke;a;jqka njg m;aúh yelsh¡ fujeks lreKq ksid ixj¾Okh hkak wm ish,a,kagu ljr fyda wkaoulska n,mdk fohla nj meyeÈ,sh¡ th yqfola tla tla mqoa.,hd ;u ;ukaf.a ÈhqKqj we;s lr .ekSu muKla fkdfõ¡ ixj¾Okfhys wjidk wruqK jkafka ish,a,kaf.au Ôú;fha .=Kd;aul nj by< kxjd,Suh¡
fjkiaùï b;d fõ.fhka isÿfõ¡ túg th wmg meyeÈ,sj ±fkk w;r lsisjla ;jÿrg;a ;snq mßoafoka fkdue;s nj;a ish,a, fjkiaù we;s nj;a lshkq wefia¡ fï fjkiaùï jvd fyd| whqßka isÿ jQ úg ta wmg i;=gqodhl fohlehs is;d tfia fyd| fjkiaùula isÿùu —ixj¾Okh˜ f,i wm i,luq
˜
tneúka wm ixj¾Okh <Õd lr.; hq;af;a ish,a,kaf.au hym; we;sjk whqßks¡ fuh ie<iqïlrKfha § wm úiska fnfyúka ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= lreKls¡ fï ixl,amhka ms<sn|j wm fuys§ m< lrk woyia l,amkdfjka hq;=j lshùfuka tajd ;ukag;a ;u m%cdjg fukau rgg;a n,mdk wdldrh ±l .; yelsfõ¡
wm jgd we;s wka ish,a,la fukau wms o ksr;=rej fjkia fjuq¡ iuyr úg fï fjkiaùï fl;rï fiñka isÿfõo h;a wmg ±fkkafka lsisÿ fjkila we;s ù ke;s f,ih¡ tfia fjkiaùu wmg t;rï fkd±fkk neúka lsisÿ fjkila we;sù ke;s nj;a ish,a, tfiau mj;sk nj;a ñksiqka lshkq wms wid we;af;uq¡ ;j;a iuyr wjia:dj,§ fjkiaùï b;d fõ.fhka isÿfõ¡ túg th wmg meyeÈ,sj ±fkk w;r ls i s j la ;jÿrg;a ;s n q mßoafoka fkdue;s nj;a ish,a, fjkiaù
we;s nj;a lshkq wefia¡ fï fjkiaùï jvd fyd| whqßka isÿ jQ úg ta wmg i;=gqodhl fohlehs is;d tfia fyd| fjkiaùula isÿùu —ixj¾Okh˜ f,i wm i,luq¡ ukao th wmf.a Ôú;hg úYd, ;Dma;shla f.k fokakla neúks¡ fjkiaùu whym;a w;g yereKq úg ths k a wmg fkdfhl= ; a ÿIalr;d we;s ùfuka wi;=gqodhl fukau w;Dma;slr ;;a;ajhla o we;sfõ¡ iuyr m%foaYhkays jeishka frda.d;=r jQ úg ffjoH myiqlï fkd;sîfuka Tjqka fnfyúka ÿlaú|Su;a iuyr úg urKhg f.dÿreùu;a isÿfõ¡ tjeks m%foaYj, fi!LH myiqlï iemhsh yels kï frda.Ska yg m%;sldr ,eìh yels w;r Tjqkag ÿlska ñ§ ;u fi!LH kej; kxjd.; yel¡ fï fyd| w;g isÿjk fjkiaùuls¡ th ckhd frda.S nfjka yd mSvdfjka uqod.ekSu ;=<ska i;= g f.k foka k ls ¡ tfia u iuyr m%foaYhkays mj;sk kshÕ ksid f.dùkag ,efnkafka b;d iq¿ wiajekakls¡ ;j;a iuyr m% f oa Y hka y s f.dùyq Èhq K q f.dú;eka l%u ms<sn|j lsisjla fkd±kS f uka wvq wia j eka k la ,n;s ¡ Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, whg N=la;s ú|Su i|yd we;af;a b;d wvq wdydr m%udKhla jk w;r iuyr úg Tjqkag id.skafka isàug o isÿfõ¡ tjeks m%foaYhkays jdß ud¾. l%u we;s l< yels kï" tfiau ÈhqKq j.d l%u Tjqka bf.k .ks;a kï" Tjqkaf.a wiajekq fnfyúka jeä jkq we;s w;r wjqreoao mqrdu m%udKj;a wdydr m%udKhla mj;skq we;¡ fï fya;=fjka fmr l=i.skafka isá wh ú|s ÿlamSvd wvqù i;=g Wodjkq we;¡ fï WodyrKhka folu uÕska olajk ,o fjkialï jvd fyd| w;g isÿjk tajdh¡ thska meje;s ;;a;ajh by< kexjqKd muKla fkdj ñksia Ôú;hg w;HdjYH iuyrla foa iemhSu o isÿ úh¡ wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi yd fi!LH myiqlï jeks wmf.a uq,sl wjYH;djhka iemsß we;s úg
bf.k .ekSu" frda.S núka je<lS isàu" úfõlSj isàu yd úfkdaoùu jeks fjk;a oE flfrys o wmg keUqre úh yelsh¡
iuyr úg fjkiaùula ksid ÈhqKqjla we;s jQfha o keoao hkak ;SrKh lsÍug wmyiq lreKls¡ iuyr m<d;aj, ckhd ueáfhka W¿;kd Ôúldj lr.ks;s¡ túg hï iud.ula meñK tu m% f oa Y h ;= < weianeiafgdaia lïy,la msysgqjd,kafka kï isÿjkafka W¿ ;ekq whg ;j ÿrg;a ish W¿ wf,úlr .ekSug fkdyelsùuhs¡ thska Tjqkaf.a Ôjk uÕ weysÍ hhs¡ Tjqkag fï fjki úm;ls¡ tfy;a lïyf,a /lshd ,enq whg kï thska isÿjkafka jdishls¡ tfia u weia n eia f gda i a ;yvq ,dN fukau mdúÉÑhg myiq øjHhla fia i,lk ks j di ;kka k ka g o thska isÿjkafka jdishls¡ iuyr úg jeäu jdish w;aúh yelafla lïyf,a whs ; s l reg k e ; f y d ; a whs;slrejkaygh¡ fufia isÿjk fjkiska iuyrekag hym;la jk w;r we;euqkag isÿjkafka whym;ls¡ kej;;a lsjhq;af;a fï whqreka isÿjk fjkila ixj¾Okhla f,i yeÈkaùu ÿIalr njh¡ flfia jqj;a bka w;ajk jdis" isÿúh yels wys;lr ;;a;ajhkg jvd fnfyúka by<ska mj;s kï th ixj¾Okhla f,i wmg ie,lsh yels o@ Tõ¡ fï ksid ixj¾Okfhka we;eful= g wjdis h la is ÿ úh yels h ¡ iuyr úg ixj¾Okh fya;=fjka lsisfjl=g lsisÿ ydkshla isÿ fkdfõ¡ tfy;a tjeks ;;a;ajhla yeu úgu n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh fkdyelsh¡ 1977 isg miq.sh wjqreÿ lsysmh ;=< f;,a ñ, by< hkq wms ÿgqfjuq¡ fuhska ta f;,a ksIamdokh lrk rgj,g fukau tajd m%jdykh" msßisÿ lsÍu" fnodyeÍu fukau f;,a yd tys w;=re ksIamdokhka úlsKsug wdÈ lghq;=j, fh§ isák iud.ïj,g o jeä wdodhula ,efí¡ tfy;a f,dj fndfyda rgj,g fuhska isÿjqfha tu rgj, Ôjk úhou by< hEuh¡ f;,a ñ, jeäùfuka Ôjk úhou jeäùu ksid mSvdjg m;ajQfjda úfYaIfhka u ÿmam;a ck fldgiah¡ isÿjQ fjki Tjqkag kï b;du;a wjdisodhl jk w;r thska ú|skakg isÿù we;s ÿla .eyeg fndfydah¡ fï wkaoñka iuyr rgj, ixj¾Okh ;j;a iuyr rgj, mßydksh we;s lrk fya;=jla ù ;sfí¡
ysrKH foa¡ vhia iy î¡ ví,sõ¡ B¡ úl%ukdhl .eñ ixj¾Ok ie<iqïlrKh lD;sh weiqßka
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Ökfha .%du ixj¾Okh uyck fldñhqkj,ska ,;a w;a±lSï
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ixj¾Okh flfrys Wkkaÿjla olajk ´kEu flfkl=g uyck Ökh keröug wjia:djla ,enqKfyd;a th uÕ yßkafka ke;¡ Bg fya;=j f,dalfha jeäu ck.yKh Ôj;ajk rg jQ uyck Ökh tys Ôj;a jk iEu ukqIHfhl=f.a u uQ,sl udkq I s l wjYH;djhka iïmQ ¾ K lr ;sfnk nj m%lg ksidh¡ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uKav,fhka ixúOdkh lrk ,o Ökfha uyck fldñhq k wOHhkh ls Í fï lKa v dhug › ,xldfõ ks f hda ð ;hd jYfhka iïnka O ùug wjia : dj ug ,enqfKAh¡ fï wOHhk pdßldjg ud we;=¿ rgj,a 15 lska ksfhdað;fhda 15 fofkla o tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uKav,fha ks,OdÍka 3 fofkla o iyNd.S jQy¡ wfma uq,sl wruqK jQfha" Ökfha uyck fldñhqk ;=<ska .%dóh ixj¾Okh isÿjk wdldrh wOHhkh lsÍu h¡ wmg lsisÿ wvqmdvqjla fkdue;sj ish¨ wd.ka;=l i;aldrh iemhq uyck Ök rch wfma pdßldfjka Wmßu m% f hda c kh wmg ,nd§u i|yd uyck fldñhq k j,g wu;rj rcfha f.dúm,j,a" l¾udka; wdh;k" ft;sydisl ia:dk lDIs ld¾ñl yd ld¾ñl m%o¾Yk" fhdaO kùlrK lghq;= isÿjk Iexyhs jrdh jeks ia:dk iy ixialD;sl Ôú;hg wod< ;eka o we;=<;a fldg iefyk w;a±lSï wmg ,efnk wkaoug wfma woHhk pdßldj ixúOdkh lr ;snqfKah¡ mSlsx j,ska wdrïN jQ wfma jevigyk fgkaðka" pqlaiska" Iexyhs" .ekahq hk m%Odk k.r iy m<d;a yryd fydxfldx j,ska wjika jk f,i fhdod ;sìKs¡ mqrd i;s ;=kl ld,h fuu wOHhkh i|yd .; úh¡ fï ld,h ;=< § Ök rcfha lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYfha uyck fldñhqk wxYh ndr m%Odk ks,OdÍka fofofkl= iy mßj¾;lhka fofofkl= o wm iuÕ jQ w;r ta ta m<d;aj, § m%foaYSh uyck fldñhqk kdhlfhda iy fiiq ks,OdÍyq o wfma iyhg wm yd tla jQy¡ iEu uágul§ u wmg uqK.eiqK Ök cd;slhka f.a ksy;udkS;ajh" újD;Ndjh" wm fkdo;a foa iy wm keÕ= m%Yak bjiSfuka iy l,amkdfjka f;areï lr§u" wdydr b÷ï ysgqï" iem myiqlï w;ska wmg ±lajQ wd.ka;=l i;aldr wdÈh ksid Ök ck;dj flfrys wm ieuf.au is;a iy yoj;a ;=< fkdueflk ne|Sula we;s úh¡ f,dalfha jeäu ck.yKhla Ôj;a jk rg jQ Ökfha f,dal ck;djf.ka 1$4 la muK jQ tkï fldaá 100la muK jQ ck;djla Ôj;a fj;s¡ fï ck;djg wdydr ksIamdokh jkafka f,dalfha j.d lrk ,o bvïj,s k a yf;ka mx.= j la muK jQ m% u dKhla h¡ fjk;a WodyrKhla ÿkfyd;a weußldfõ ck.yKh fuka y;r .=Khl ck.ykhla Ökfha jdih lr;s¡ tfy;a Ökfha j.d lr we;s bvï m%udKh weußldfõ j.d lr we;s bvï m%udKfhka 70]ls¡ bvlvï" i;=ka" uq,Ok iïm;a iy fhda.H ;dËKh fld;rï ld¾hËuj Ökfha lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Okh i|yd tla;eka fldg ;sfí o hkak fuhska fmfka¡
wmg .eUqrgu wOHhkh lsÍug ,enqfKA uyck fldñhqk 8la muKh¡ tfy;a Ökfha uq ¿ uks k a uyck fldñhq k 53"000la muK ;sfnk nj wms weiSuq¡ Ökfha ck.yKfhka fldaá 80la muK Ôj;a jkafka uyck fldñhqkj, h¡ uq¿ lDIsld¾ñl N+ñ m%udKfhka 90] la whs;s jkafka uyck fldñhqkj,g h¡ rcfha f.dúm,j,g wh;ajkafka 10] la muK jQ N+ñ m%udKhls¡ fu;rï úYd, rgl úYd, jev ms<sfj,la ms<sn| .eUqre woyila .ekSug wm .; l< ld,h iy wfma w;a±lSï m%udKj;a fkdjQj;a Ök .eñ ck;djf.a yeÕSï" ks¾udK Yla;sh iy iajhxj¾Okh i|yd Tjqka md we;s oialï .ek yeÕSula we;s lr.ekSug wm .; l< ld,h m%udKj;a hehs is;uq¡ 1949 Tlaf;dan¾ 01 od iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x ;=ud f.a m%Odk;ajfhka Ökfha kj rch msysgqjkq ,eî h¡ Ök úuqla;s yuqodj úiska Ökh uqojd .ekSug fmr tys bvï j,ska 80]la muK whs;s j ;snqfKA fmdfydi;a bvï ysñhkag iy fmdfydi;a f.dùkag h¡ fudjqka uq¿ ck.yKfhka 10] muK úh¡ b;sß 90] la muK jqfha ueo uÜgfï f.dúhka" ÿmam;a f.dúhka iy bvï wysñ lïlrejka h ¡ ÿma m ;a f.dúka g nÿ jYfhka Tjqkaf.a wiajekafkka 50]-60] w;r m%udKhla fmdfydi;a f.dùkag iy bvï ysñhkag §ug isÿúh¡ fï ksid Ök úuqla;s yuqodj úiska hï m%foaYhla ksoyia lr.;a jydu l< uq,a l%shdj kï bvï m%;sixialrK l%shdfõ fhoùu h¡ tkï bvï ysñhkaf.a iy fmdfydi;a f.dúhkaf.a bvï f.dú WmlrK iy ksjdi úma,ùh rch hg;g f.k tajd ÿmam;a f.dùka iy bvï wysñ f.dú lïlrejka w;r fnod §uhs¡ 1952 jk úg uyck Ökfha bvï m%;sixialrK lghq;= iïmQ¾K úh¡ 1943 isg u" tkï iEu m%foaYhla u uqod .kq iuÕ u" bvï m%;sixialrKh isÿ jqj;a Ökh tljr u iudcjd§ lDIs ld¾ñl ksIamdok l%uhlg t<UqfKA ke;¡ fjk;a jpk j,ska lsjfyd;a" f.dúkag fm!oa.,slj bvï whs;sh ;nd .ekSug;a tajd j.d lsÍug;a ksoyi ;snqfKAh¡ uyck fldñhq k kñka ye|s k a j k ksIamdok" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl" iudðl iy m<d;a md,ksl lghq;= tla;eka jQ tall ks, jYfhka ìys jQfha wjia:d y;rlska h¡ ta yeu wjia:djl§u rdcH ks;sh mekúug fmr uyck;dj f.a wjfndaOh o ixúOdkh o ksIamdokuh n, fõ.hka o m<uq j u;=ùug Ök kdhlfhda j. n,d .;ay¡ wm kerUQ iEu fldñhq k hl u f.dúka ft;s y dis l jYfhka Tjqka ixj¾Okh jQ wdldrh wmg úia;r lf<a fufiah¡ —hï m%foaYhla ksoyia lr .kq iuÕ u iNdm;s ud´ fia;=x tys Ôj;a jQ f.dúkag ixúOdkh jk fuka b,a,d isáfha h¡ ta wkqj wms ixúOdkh ùuq¡ mjq,a y;rla fyda yhla ne.ska wfkHdakHdOdr lKAvdhï jYfhka tl;= jQ wms lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd wkqkag Woõ úu wdydr mdk wdÈfhka ix.%y lsÍu yer f.ùula lsÍu fyda wiajekak fnod.ekSula fyda fï wjia:dfõ § isÿ fkdù h¡ wjqreÿ 03 - 04 g
miq mjq,a 40 - 50 ne.ska tl;= ù wms wfma bvlvï" i;= k a iy f.dú WmlrK tla;eka fldg m%d:ñl iuqmldr yeáhg ixúOdkh ù lDIs l d¾ñl lghq ; = j , fhÿfKuq ¡ tla tla mjq , a úis k a fï iuqmdldr jHdhduh i|yd fhdok ,o iïm;a wkqj wfma wodhu wms fnod .;suq¡ jdßud¾.sl lghq;= iy fjk;a m%cd ixj¾Ok lghq ; = o wfma m% d :ñl iuqmdldr iñ;sfhka bgqúh¡ fï wkaoñka fojirla muK jevlrk úg wmg yeÕS .sfha wfma ksIamdok ish,a,u fmdÿfõ fhdojd wfma mjq,a 400 la 500 la muK f.dú ksIamdolhskaf.a Wiia iuqmdldr iñ;s yeáhg mßj¾;kh jQjfyd;a jvd úYd, wkaoñka jdß ud¾. iy N+ñh ilia lrf.k wmg jeä wdodhula ,nd.; yels njhs¡ fï wkqj wfma bvï" ksIamdok WmlrK" f.dú;ekg fhdojd .;a i;=ka wdÈh tlg fhdojd tla tla idudðlhd fhdojQ Y%uh wkqj muKla wdodhu fnod .ekSug wms ;SrKh lf<uq¡ 1958 § fï ;;a;ajfhkq;a bÈßhg .sh wms lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= muKla fkdj .eñ l¾udka; iy fiiq wd¾Ól lghq;= o fi!LH" wOHdmk wdÈ iqNidOl lghq;= o fj<fy<|dï iy m<d;a md,k lghq;= o ish,a, u taldnoaO fldg jvd úYd, ixúOkhka jYfhka rcfha ;SrKh o wkqj" uyck fldñhqk kñka ye|skafjk md,k tall f,ig ixúOdkh ùuq˜ 1871 m%xY úma,jfhka miq msysg jQ meßia fldñhqkh mej;=fKa ojia 73ls¡ 1930 § reishdfõ f.dúhka fldñhqk l%uhg ixj¾Okh lsßfï woyi fcdaima iagd,ska úiska w;ayer oukq ,enqfõ" fldñhqk l%uh wkd.; iudcjd§ iduchlg ñi iudcjdÈ j¾;udkhg fkd.e<fmkakla nj m%ldY lrñka hhs lshkq ,efí¡ l,ska l, jQ fujeks w;ayod ne,Sïj, wid¾:l;ajh .ek fyd|ska ±k isáñka u Ökfha uyck fldñhqk msysgqùu mqÿu fõ.hlska tys kdhlhka úiska isÿlrk ,§¡ wiQ fldaáhl muK jQ Ök ck;djla jdih lrk uyck fldñhqk 53"000 lg Ökfha lDIs ld¾ñl bvïj,ska 90]la whs;sjk w;r rcfha f.dúm,j,g whs;s jkafka" 10] la muK h¡ uyck fldñhq k hl uq , s l ta l lh ks I a m dok lKa v dhuls ¡ ks I a m dok lKa v dhula idudkHfhka wfma .ulg fyda .ï f.dvlg iudk l< yelsh¡ B<Õ uÜgfï ;s f nka f ka ks I a m dok ì% f .a v kñka ye|skafjk ksIamdok lKAvdhïj,g jvd f,dl= tallhkah¡ fï folgu jvd by<ska ;sfnkafka" uyck fldñhqkh hs¡
uyck fldñhqkhl bvï whs;sh fmdÿ h¡ wdodhu fnfokafka fhdojk ,o Y%uhg wkqmd;sljh¡ fldñhqkhl uq,sl ksIamdok lghq;a; m%Odk lDIsld¾ñl fnda. j.d lsÍuh¡ tfy;a fndfyda uyck fldñhqkj, l¾udka; Yd,d" uiqka we;s lsÍu" i;=ka we;s lsÍu wd§ fiiq ksIAmdok lghq;= o rdYshla lrkq ,efí¡ wOHdmk" fi!LHh iy iudc lghq;= i|yd j.lsu o uyck fldñhqk Wiq,hs¡ WodyrKhla jYfhka Iexyhs k.rhg jhU foiska msysá ,skafvka keue;s uyck
fldñhqkh úia;r lsßu idudkH fldñhqk ;;a;ajh jgyd .ekSug m%fhdackj;a fõ¡ tys iïmq¾K N+ñ m%udKh fylaghd¾ 2"495 ls¡ fuhska 65] l muK N+ñh uqyqÿ uÜgug my<ska msysgd ;sfí¡ fuys mjq,a 6"600 la Ôj;a jk w;r uq¿ ck.yKh 23"500 ls¡ 15"086 la muK jQ jev lrk idudðl ixLHdj ksIamdok ì%f.av 24 g iy ksIAmdok lKAvdhï 171 g wh;a fõ¡
fuys fylagd¾ia 1595 l ù j.dj o fylagd¾ia 467 l lmq j.dj o fylagd¾ia 196 l t<j¿ j.dj o lrk w;r fm!oa.,sl f.j;= j.d i|yd fnod § ;snqKq bvï m%udKh fylagd¾ia 184 ls¡ fylagd¾ia 24 l muK b;d ,ËK g j.d lrk ,o WK ng .ia j;a;ls¡ 1958 § fldñhqk msysgqjdg miq Tjqyq jákd .ia j¾. kj ,Ëhla muK j.d lr ;sfn;a¡ fïjdhska iuyr .ia fm!oa.,sl iudÔlhskag o iuyr tajd ksIAmdok ì%f.avj,g iy fldñhqkj,g o hkqfjka wxY 04 lg wh;a fõ¡ uq¿ wd¾Ólhu lDIsld¾uh" i;=ka we;s ls Í u" jk j.dj" ëjr l¾udka ; h" l¾udka ; iy fjk;a ks I a m dokj,s k a hqla;h¡ wmg fok ,o ixLHd f,aLk wkqj 1965 iy 1979 w;r ld,mßÉfPoh ;=< § Tjqka f.a idudkH fm!oa.,sl wdodhu 145]lska jeäjqKq w;r wjYH uq,sl øjH jQ wdydr" iSks" frÈ ms<S iy wdydr f;,a j¾.j, ñf,ys fjkila isÿ ù ke;¡ ,skafvka uyck fldñhqkh msysg jQfha úYd, iajNdúl ndOd rdYshla ueoafoa h¡ Tjqka f.a bvlvï fm!oa.,sl j j.d l< hq.j, § ks;r u Tjqkg .xj;=r fukau bfvdarhg o uqyqK §ug isÿúKs¡ .ukd .ukho iy m% j dyk lghq ; = ls i s ÿ ms<sfj<lg ixj¾Okh ù ;snqfKa ke;¡ 1954 isg f.dúfhda tl;= ù lh fjfyid jev fldg Tjqka f.a ish¨u bvlvï ia j Ndúl úm;a j ,g f.dÿre fkdjk wkaoug we< fõ,s idod ilia lr .;ay¡ wjqreÿ 9 l ld,h ;=< § >K ógr 7 l uq¿ È. m%udKhka we;s óg¾ 2 1$2 la .eUqre we;s óg¾ 10 lg jvd m<, we;s c,ud¾. 193 la muK Tjqyq iïmq¾K l<y¡ rcfha o wdOdr we;sj úÈ,sfhka c, fmdïm lrk uOHia:dk 54 la o Tjqka úiska iïmq¾K lrk ,§¡ c, .e,aul fyda bfvdarhl ìhla fkdue;s j jirlg lkak ;=k;a Tjqyq fuu bvï j, ù iy ;sßÕ= j.d lr;s¡ m%Odk jYfhka nvq m% j dykh lrka f ka c, ud¾. m%fhdackhg .ksñks¡ j.d lrk ,o uq¿ m%foaYh ;=< u úÈ,s n,h fhdod ;sfí¡ hdhl msßila f.dhï lmk .uka u ;j;a msßila úÈ,sfhka jev lrk f.dhï md.k hka;% l%shd lrj;s¡ 1978 isg 1676 olajd jQ wjqreoao ;=< ù wiajekak 13¡02] lska jeä ù ;sfí¡ ,skavka uyck fldñhqkfhys m%d:ñl mdie,a 24 la o lksIaG mdie,a 5 la o tla fcHIaG mdie,la o ;sfí¡ fï ish,a, u md,kh lrkq ,nkafka" ksIamdok ì%f.av uÕsks¡ Tjqkag fldñhqk frdy,a o" fnfy;a Yd,d lsysmhla o ;sfí¡
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8
ffjoH úoHd,fha Wmdê ,;a ffjoHjre hkqfjka ye|skafjk fi!LH fiaúldfjda o fïjdfha fiajh lr;s¡ ksIamdok lKAvdhï uÕska fmr mdie,a iy m%:udOdr tall mj;ajd f.k hkq ,efí¡ ,skafvka uyck fldñhqk md,kh lrkq ,nkafka" fldñhqk idudðlhka úiska
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iq.sh uehs l,dmfhka rdjK mqrdjD;fhka u;=jk ,xldfõ ia:dk yd t;=ukaf.a uõmsh fm<m; yd ;j;a fndfyda lreKq meyeÈ,s lf<uq¡ fu;eka isg rdjK mqj; mq¿,a jYfhka úia;r lsÍug woyia flf¾¡ l,am úkdYfhka miq f,dalh ilia ù fndfyda l,lg miqj wdNiair n%yau f,dalfhka (world of Radiant Brahmas) mD;=ú ;,hg meñK ñksiqka ckdjdi msysgqjd .;anj n%yaucd, iQ;%fhka yd w.a.[a[ iQ;%fhka meyeÈ,s fõ¡ fufia meñKs ñksiqka w;r l,a hdfï § jia;= ;Kaydj bm§ wdYdfjka" oafõYfhka yd fl%daOfhka fm,s l,flda,dy, yd wdrjq,a yg.;a nj;a tajd úiod .ekSug Tjqka úiskau ck iïu;fhka rfcl= m;afldg .;a nj;a mejfia¡ fufia m;afldg .kakd ,o ;eke;a;d —uydiïu; rcq˜ kñka ye|ska jqfKAh¡
Pkaofhka f;dard m;a lr .kakd ,o iNdm;sjrfhla Wm iNdm;sjreka y;r fofkla we;=¿ idudðlhka 26 fofkl= f.a lñgqjlsks¡ ksIamdok lKavdhïj, iy ksIamdok ì%f.avj, kdhlhka o f;drd .kq ,nkafka" tajdfha idudðlhkaf.a Pkaofhks¡
i;=rka fkdùh¡
wdpd¾H ta.à. wdßhr;ak
› ,xldêm;s rdjK m%Nd,o rcqf.ka miqj n,hg m;ajkafka t;=udf.a mq;a úfrdajkh fu;=ud iqr mËh iuÕ ys;j;alï fkdmeje;ajQ w;r wiqr rdcHh jHdma; fldg f,dalhu md,kh lf<ah¡ t;=udf.a mq;a n,s wiqr n,hg m;ajQ w;r fu;=ud o ukaod;= rcq fuka N=jk;%hu md,kh lf<ah¡ n,s wiqr rcqf.a úl%uhka fkdßiaiq iqrmËfha kdhlfhda l=uka;%Kh fldg t;=ud >d;kh fldg
k.rh foaie;% l¿;r úh¡ me/kafkda l¿;rg lSfõ foaie;% l¿;r lshdh¡ thu ;drl tys úiq njg idËs fõ¡ oUÈfjka l,ska l, u;=j wd iqr mËfha rcjre ;drl rcqf.a úl%uhka .ek B¾IHd l<y¡ Tjqyq m<uqfjkau Ndr;fha úiq iqr.=ma; yd isxyuqL hk l=udrjreka fofokd l=,S ñksurejka fhdojd urd
fuu uydiïu; rcqg frdc" jrfrdc" l,HdK" jrl,HdK" Wfmdai;" ukaod;=" pr" Wmpr" fÉ;sh" uqp," uyduqp," uqp,skao" i.r" id.r" foaj" Nr;" N.Sr:" reÑ" iqreÑ" m%;dm" uyd m%;dm" mKdo" uyd mKdo" iq o ¾Yk" uyd iqo¾Yk" fkre" uyd fkre" hkqfjka mq;=ka úis y;a fofkla jQy¡ fuu mrmqf¾ ih jekakd jQ ukaod;= l=udrhd wm fy< Èjhsfka uq,au md,lhd yeáhg .efka¡ ukaod;= rc;=ud ,xldfõ isg N=jk;%hu md,kh l< nj mejfia¡ t;=ud ilaú;s rfcla úh¡ fuu ukaod;= rcqka .ek wfma merKs .%ka:j, fukau ixialD; NdIdfjka ,shejqKq bkaÈhdkq .%ka:j, o ±lafõ¡ fu;=udg pl%r;akh kï jQ wyiska .uka hd yels úudkhla jQ nj;a wÕyre yd isl=re f,djo t;=udf.a md,khg hg;aj ;snq njo mejfia¡ t;=ud kï .Kkdjlska y÷kajkq ,eîh¡ whsrka" ysrKH" ldYHm" ysrKs" BrKs" ysrdka h;a" brKSh wiqr hk kï j,ska y÷kajkq ,enqfha fu;=udh¡ l,ahdfï § Ndr;fhka krisxy kï i;=re rfcl= n,hg m;aj" l=uka;%Khla u.ska fu;=ud urd ±uq nj m%lgh¡ tfy;a i;=rkag ,xldj hg;a lr.; fkdyels úh¡ bkamiq ,xldfõ rdcH n,hg m;ajQfha ukaod;= rcqf.a mq;a m%Nd,o rcqh¡ fu;=ud mshd fuka fkdj iqr mËfha rcqka iuÕ iu.sfhka úiq ksid
fldñhqk uÜgfuka by< ;sfnk ljqkaá uÜgfï n,Odßka iuÕ ksIamdÈ; øjH iemhsfï .súiqïj,g w;aika ;eîfï § o ksIamdok lKAvdhï iy ì%f.aâ iajdëkj ls%hd lr;s. u;= iïnkaOhs
ks I a m dok ì% f .a v j,g iy ks I a m dok lKAvdhïj,g fldñhqk úiska foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhla fok kuq;a wd¾Ólh ms<sn| md,kh iy .Kka ;eìu ms < s n | lghq;=j, § fï uÜgï ;=fka wdh;k iajdëkj l%shdlrhs¡ we;a; jYfhkau ksIamdok b,lal ;SrKh lsÍfï § iy
±uqy¡ tfy;a Tjqkag ,xld foaYh hg;a lr .; yels fkdùh¡ fuhska miq n,hg m;a jQfha foúhkag;a Ydia;Djrfhl= jk ;drl wiqr rc;=udh¡ t;=udf.a iydhg iqr.=ma; yd isxyuqL hk fidfydhq r ka fofokd bÈßm;a fj;s ¡ ;drl rcq k a fjkqfjka Tjqyq Ndr;h;a fiiq f,dalh;a md,kh l<y¡ ;drl rc;=ud úiqfha l¿;rh¡ t;=ud uqyqog iómj —fõ,dmqrh˜ kï jQ uyd k.rhl is g f,dj md,kh lf<ah¡ t;=ud foúhkag;a Ydia;D fkdfyd;a .=rejrfhl= jQ fyhska foaie;% kñka o ye|skaúh¡ foaie;% ;drl úiQ
±uqy¡ thska miqj Ndr;fha n,hg m;a jQ ialkaO kï l=udrfhla ^fudyq l;r.u foú fkdfõ& n,j;a ù ;drl rcq;a iuÕ uyd hqoaOhlg wj;S¾K jQfhah¡ Ndr;fha ixialD; NdIdfjka ,shejqK ialkaOmqrdKh kï jQ .%ka:fha fuu hqoaOh .ek i|yka fõ¡ fuu hqoaOfha § uyd n,j;a kHIaÀl wdhqO mjd Ndú;d ù ;sfí¡ fuu hqoaOfha § l;r.u l÷hdh .sksf.k ±ù w¿ù .sh njo m%lgh¡ ;drl rcq urKhg m;a jQjo iqrhkag ,xldj hg;a fldg .; yels jqfhao ke;¡ thska miqj l;r.u rdcOdksfhys n,hg m;a jkafka ukaod;= mrmqf¾u jQ ukqrdc l=urejrekah¡ ta mrmqf¾ ih jekakd jQfha iQhH– mq;%h¡ iQhH_ mq;%f.a md,kfhka miq Tyqf.a mq;a O¾urdc n,hg m;a jkafkah¡
rdjK ft;sydislhs¡ fojk fldgi
O¾urdcdf.ka miqj rcjkafka t;=udf.a mq ; % fya ; s rdËi h¡ fya ; s rdËi l,dN.sks l=ußh yd újdy jkafkah¡ Tjqkag úoahq;aflaY kï jQ mqf;l= jkafkah¡ ful, ,xldj ;= < i;rlg wh;a ck;djla úiqy¡ Tjqyq rdËi" hË" foaj yd kd. kï jqy¡ fmdÿfõ tl, ck;dj isjqfy<hka jYfhka ye|skaúh¡ Èjhskg fy< hk kduh o úh¡ isjqfy< hkak Ndú;fha § l%ufhka isxy, kï úh¡ fya;s rdËi rcqf.a mq;a úoHq;afË l=urd ikaOHd ÿys;D kï jQ l=ußhla m%dKs.%yKhg .;af;ah¡ Tjqkag WmÈk orejd iqflaY kï jkafkah¡ úoahq;aflaYf.a md,kfhka miqj iqflaY n,hg m;ajkafkah¡ Tyqf.a ìiõ jkafka foajj;S kï foajf.da;%fha l=ußhls¡ uyd Ndr;h olajk whqre iqflaY wh;a jkafka rdËi f.da;%hg h¡ fuu iqflaY kï jQ rcq yd foajj;S ìijg ud,Hjka;" iqud,s yd ud,s kñka mq;=ka ;sfofkla yd ;dvld kïka ÈhKshla o fj;s¡ ^miq lf,l úYajñ;% yd rdu l=ure tlaj urd oukafka fuu ;dvldh¡ tjlg weh rdjK rcqf.a hg;a úð;hla jQ Ndr;fha wx. foaYfha isoaOd.%dufha md,sldj ù isáhdh¡& iqflaY rc;=ud ;u mq;=ka ;sfokd fj; ud,Hjka;" iqud,s yd ud,s ix.S;h" kegqï yd úúO l,dYs,am bf.k .ekSu i|yd f,dj m%isoaO Ndr;fha k¾uod .dkaO¾j hqj, fj; heùh¡ k¾uod .x;Srfha k¾uod .dkaO¾j wimqfõ ix.S;h yd úúO l,d Ys,am m%.=K l< fuu l= u rejka ;s f okd .dka O ¾j hq j <f.a ÈhKs h ka ;s f ofkl= fj; iqkaoÍ" fla;=u;S yd jiQod iuÕ fmñka nef|;s¡ miqj Tjqka újdy ù ,xldjg meñfK;s¡ iqflaY rcqf.ka miq l;r.u isg oËsK foaYh md,kh lsÍfï n,h ud,Hjka;g ysñfõ¡ iqud,s mshrcqf.a wjir u; uy;,dj ^ud;f,a& m%foaYhg wh;a N+ ñ hl ,xldmq r h kñka iq ú Yd, k.rhla f.dvk.d ud,s.hla o ;kjd f.k rdcHh f.k hkakg úh¡ iqud,s yd fla ; = u ;s hq j ,g m% y ia ; " wlïm;" úlg" ld,s l duq L " OQ u % d Ë" oKa v " iqm¾Yj" ixN%dÈ" m%>i yd ydilrK hk kñka mq;=ka oi fofkla yd fflliS yd rdld kñka ÈhKshka fofofkla o jka f ka h ¡ rdjKdf.a uEKs h ka jka f ka fflliSh¡ ud,Hjka;g jc%uqIaÀ" úrEmdlaI" ÿ¾uqL" iqma;.al" hd{fldam" u;a; yd Wkau;a; kñka mq;=ka i;afofkla jkafkah¡ ud,sg wk," wks," yr" iïmd;s hk kñka mq;=ka isjq fofkl= yd ud,sks kñka ÈhKshlao jkafkah¡ ^úNsIKhkf.a uEKsh jkafka fuu ud,ks l=ußhhs¡& u;= iïnkaOhs
wfYdal fm%aupkaø ^rdjK lS¾;s › idys;H Y+Í" fldf<dïf;dg N+IK yd l,d N+IK iïudk ,dNS&
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wkqka .; i;md ;uka ÿla ú|sk wfma ldka;dfjda
j
ir oyia .Kkl isg ñksiqka ish meje;au ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd úúO Ôjfkdamdhkays ksr; fõ¡ ovhu" i;a ; a j md,kh" lDIs l ¾uh" l¾udka;" fj<odu yd fjk;a fiajd iemhS u wd§ b;d mq ¿ ,a la f Ia ; % h ka jHdma ; j mj;s h s ¡ úfYa I ;a j h jka f ka we;eï Ôjfkdamdhka iudch yd ixialD;sh úiska ms<s.ekSug yd f.!rjhg md;% ùu yd we;eï Ôjfkdamdhka iudc ms<sl=,g yd m%;slafIam lsÍug Ndckh ùuhs¡ fya;= idOl ljf¾ jQj o ia;%Ska wE; w;S;fha isg .Ksld jD;a;shg fm<ö we;s njg idËs ;sfí¡ j¾;udkfha o .Ksld jD;a;shg f,dj iEu rglu mdfya wvq jeä jYfhka olakg ,efí¡ we;eï rgj, .Ksld jD;a;shg kS;sfhka bvlv ,eî ;snqK o › ,xldj jeks fndfyda rgj, .Ksld jD;a;sh jerÈ l%shdjls¡ tfy;a ldka;dfjda ;u Ôjk ud¾.h f,i ,sx.sl ld¾hfha kshe,Su ^ish isrer úlsKsu& wm rfÜ o ±lsh yelsh¡ tjka jQ ldka;djka wms .Ksldjka f,i y÷kajuq¡ fï jpkh wefik úg fndfydauhla fokd Tjqka ms<sl=,a lr;s¡ fldka lr;s¡ wka whg úl=Kk ldka;djka .Ksldjka fyj;a ,sx.sl jD;a;slhka f,i y÷kajhs¡ ,sx.sl wjYH;djka imqrd .ekSfï mrud¾:fhka f;drj wka whf.a ,s x .s l wjYH;d fjkqfjka ^okakd fyda fkdokakd& ,sx.sl iqjh fjkqfjka ;u Ôú;h lem lr we;s fudjqka fndfydauhla wfmalaId lrkafka flfia fyda lshla yß yïn lr.ekSugh¡ tfia ;u wd¾Ólh Yla;su;a lr.ekSugh¡ flfia jQ j o fudjq k a f .a wfma l a I d ta wdldrfhka isÿjk wjia:d ke;=j fkdfõ¡ nyq;rhla fujeks ldka;djka msßñkaf.a /já,s, .eyeKqkaf.a /já,s" ;¾ck" n, lsÍï" ysßyer jo ysxidj,g fhduqjk wjia:d b;du;a úr,h¡ fndfyda wjia:djkaj, ldka;djka .Ksldjka njg m;ajkafka fujeks wjia:djkaj,g uqyqK Èfuka wk;=rejh¡ fuh ys;d u;d fkdjk fohla njg fndfyda WodyrK we;¡ ;udg uqyqK §ug isÿjk .eg¨j,g ms<s;=re fidhd hk fndfyda ldka;djkag tu ms<s;=r o .eg¨jla" m%Yakhla ù we;¡ iudch úiska ldka;djka ms<sn| ;ju;a we;s RKjd§" miq.dó woyia" ñ;Hdu;" ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| .eg¨, ldka;djkag wvq ;lafiarejlska ie,lSu iy udOH ;=<ska ldka;djka biau;= lr fmkajk wdldrh iy iuyr ldka;djka ;ud ;=< we;s jákdlï" Yla;Ska ms<sn| wjfndaOhlska lghq;= fkdlsÍu ksid fndfyda ldka;djka udkisl ì| jeàï j,g f.dÿrefõ¡ fujeks wjia : dj, iudchg uqyqK §ug we;s ìh" ,eÊcdj mjqf,a idudðlhkag uqyqK §ug we;s ìh ksidu Tjqka yqol,d Ôú;hlg keUqre fõ¡ fï ;=< ;ud Ôj;ajk mßirh ;=< ,efnk Wmfoia u. fmka ù u wef.a ðú;h yiqrejkakg mgka .kS¡ fyd| fyda fõjd krl fyda fõjd weh B<Õg ish¨ ;SrK .kq ,nkafka ta n,mEï wkqjh¡ fuu lka;djkag Tjqkaf.a .eg¨ lSug flfkla ke;¡ ÿl fõokdj fnodyod .ekSug flfkl= ke;¡ fyd| krl lshd §ug Tjqkg flfkl= ke;¡ Tjqka Èßu;a lsÍug flfkla ke;¡ Tjq k a n, .eka ù ug
flfkla ke;¡ ìh" pls;h" ÿl" fõokdj ysxidj Tjqkaf.a ðú; fj,df.k we;¡ ud fï l;d lrkafka iqmsß .Kfha .Ksldjka ms<sn| fkdfõ¡ .fï isg k.rhg meñKs idudkH Ôú; .; lrk .Ks l djka ms < s n |jhs ¡ fï wdldrhg iudcfha Ôj;a j k ldka ; djka ls y s m fofkl= f .a Ôú; l:d ud fm<.iaikafka ;j ÿrg;a ldka;djka jk wms wfma j.lSï .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrhs hk wfmalaIdfjks¡
isoaêh - 01 uf.a ku ud,s¡ jhi wjqreÿ 24 ol=Kq m<df;a isg fld<U wdfõ /lshdjla lr,d lShla yß yïn lrf.k i;=áka bkak¡ ug /lshdjla ,enqfKA fld<Ug kqÿßka msysá we.¿ï l¾udka; Yd,djl¡ uf.a wïuhs ;d;a;hs f.dú;eka lrkafka¡ ug u,a,s,d fokafkla iy kx.s flfkla bkakjd¡ uu /lshdjg tkjg wïuhs ;d;a;hs leu;s jqfKa keye¡ uf.a hd¿fjla ;uhs ug /lshdj fydh,d ÿkafka¡ fld<Ug weú,a,d udi 06 la ú;r fyd|ska jevlrf.k ,efnk uqo,a" f.or wvqmdvq yod.kak wïuf.a w;g ÿkakd¡ Bg miafia wïuhs ;d;a;hs ud /lshdj lrkjdg úreoaO jqfKa keye¡ udi 08lg ú;r miafia ud jev lrk ;ek fiajh lrk i¾ flfkla ud tlal hd¿fj,d udj lido n|skjd lsh,d fmdfrdkaÿ fj,d ta wi, ldurhla l=,shg wrf.k mÈxÑ jqKd¡ uu hd¿jkag lsfõ wms ne|,d lsh,d¡ wfma iïnkaOh .ek i¾f.a f.org wdrxÑ fj,d wïud udj fydhdf.k weú,a,d fyd|gu nek,d .shd¡ ta;a wfma iïnkaOh ta úêhgu wrf.k .shd¡ udi folla ú;r .shdg miafia i¾ ug lsõjd Thdj n|skjg f.oßka leu;s keye¡ ta ksid ug f.oßka fhdackdjla f.k,a,d ;sfhkjd talg ug leu;s fjkak isoaO fjkjd lsh,d¡ ta lsh,d udihla ú;r .shdg miafia ug lSjd ta;a Thdj wu;l lrkafka keye¡ uu Thdj yeuodu fï úêhg n,d.kakjd lsh,d¡ fï ksid uu f,dl= udkisl mSvkhg ,la jqKd¡ Bg miq ud fuu ldurfhka msg ù f.dia ryfia u fhfy<s h lf.a f.or kej;= k d¡ fhfy<s h g is h ¨ úia ; r mejiqjd¡ ta fj,dfõ thd ug b;du;a wdorfhka lreKdfjka ie<l=jd¡ weh ta wi, .dukaÜ tll /lshdjl=;a fydh,d ÿkakd¡ Ôú;fha ish¨ ÿla lïlfgd¨ ú| ordf.k uu ta fndaäug msúiqfka w¿;ska Ôú;h wdrïN lsÍug¡ uu ta f.or fndaäfï ish¨ ;;= fy<s lf<a wdrËj, wdorh, lreKdj ,nd.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka¡ ta;a ug isÿjqfKa n,dfmdfrd;a;= ke;s fohla¡ i;s ;=klg ú;r miafia wehug ks;ru lshkafka Th .duÜ tfla ,efnk i,a,s j,g jvd i,a,s yïn lrk l%u ;sfhkjd¡ ta l%u uu lsh,d fokakï lsh,d¡ ojila rd;%shl msßñfhlaj uf.a lduf¾g tj,d Tyqf.ka ug fíÍug yelshdjla ;snqfKa kE¡ Tyq ug remsh,a 1000la ;sh,d .shd¡ Bg miafia ;j tlaflfkla wdjd Tyq remsh,a 1000 la ;sh,d .shd¡ thska miafia ug uf.a uq¿ Ôú;hu tmd jqKd¡ wo uu f.or hkafk;a ke;=j f.org fndre lsh
lshsh fï /lshdj lrf.k hkjd¡ uf.a ÿl uu ;ksfhu ordf.k Ôj;a fjkjd¡
isoaêh 02 uf.a .u r;akmqf¾¡ uf.a wïuhs ;d;a;hs fokaku ßh wk;=rlska t;ku uereKd¡ kekaod <Õ ;uhs Ôj;a jqfKa¡ ál ojila hk fldg kekaod fjkialï l<d¡ Bg miafia f.j,a <Õ ;snqK lfâ uqo,d,sg lsõjd ug /lshdjla fydh,d fokak lsh,d¡ i;shlg ú;r miafia lfâ uqo,d,s lsõjd fld<U lfâl leIsh¾ jevla ;sfhkjd bkak" lkak Tlafldu §,d udfilg remsh,a 8000 la fokjd lsh,d¡ i;shlg ú;r miafia ug lfâ uqo,d,s
,smskhla ÿrl:k wxlh;a ÿkakd¡ uu kekaog hd¿fjlaf.a f.or odfkl hkjd lsh,d ta ,smskh fidhdf.k .shd¡ uu ta lfâg .sys,a,d uqo,d,s yuqjqKd¡ f,dl= lvhla uqo,d,s;a ;j tl msßñ <ufhla ú;rhs jev lf<a¡ Tyq b;du lreKdfjka udj ms<s.;a;d ug lfâ jev lrk yeá lsh,d ÿkakd¡ —ÿj fïj fyd|ska n,df.k jev lrkak ´ks˜ uqo,d,s lsõjd¡ fï uqo,d,sf.a fkdakd ueß,d <uhs fokakd" wjqreÿ 12 l ÿjhs¡ wjqreÿ 15 mq;dhs fï wh;a n,df.k jev ál uu fyd|ska l<d¡ uqo,d,s ug fndfydau wdofrka lreKdfjka ie,l=jd¡ udihlg ú;r miafia tl ojila rd;s% uqo,d,s uf.a ldurhg wdfõ fyd|gu î,d¡ ug thdf.ka fífrkak neß jqKd¡ uu uqo,d,sf.ka wkd: jqKd¡ uqo,d,s lSj nhfjka k tmd uu Thdg fyd|g i,lkjd¡ lsh,d¡ fï úÈyg yeuodu uf.a ldurhg weú;a ug yßhg ysxidldß úÈyg yeisreKd¡ ug wka;hg l,lsreKd¡ uqo,d,s lfâ ke;s fj,djl lfvka mek,d uf.a hd¿fjlaf.a f.or .shd¡ ta bkak w;r;=r ug im;a;= jevm<l /lshdjla ,enqKd¡ tu jevmf<A wlald flfkl= ud iuÕ fyd|ska hd¿ jqKd¡ uu thdg uf.a ish¨ úia;r lsõjd¡ weh udj fyd|ska n,d.ka k jd ls h ,d thdf.a f.or kjd;eka ÿka k d¡ tfyu ál ojila hkfldg ug f;areKd fï wlald lrkafka thdf.a fndaäfï bkak <uhskaf.ka thd yïn lrf.k lkjd lsh,d¡ ug fudkjd Wkdo okafka keye¡ uu;a ta
<uhs;a tlal tl;= fj,d ta Ôúf;ag yqre jqKd¡ ud .ek n,kak flkla keye¡ uu fï riaidj lrkafka leue;af;ka fkdfjhs¡ Ôj;a fjkak ´ks yskaod¡ fujeks isoaêka ;j fldf;l=;a we;¡ ta is h ,a , ;= < ieÕù we;a f ;a wfma u fidhqßhkaf.a wfodakdjka /ils¡ Tjqka fujeks Ôú; .; lrkafka i;=áka o@ ke;¡ Tjqkag lr lshd .; yels fohla fkdjk neúks¡ wms Tjqkag Woõ l< hq;=h¡ Tjqkag hym;a Ôú;hlg msh keÕSug miqìu ilia l< hq;=h ±kqu wjfndaOh ,ndÈh hq;=h¡ kdhl;ajh i|yd n,.ekaùula l< hq;=h¡
ta flfiao" 01¡ ish¨u › ,dxflah ldka;djka tÈfkod Ôú;fha uqyqK §ug we;s .eg¨ wNsfhda. yd tajdg uqyqK fok wdldrh ms<sn| ±kqj;a lsÍu¡ 02¡ úfYaIfhka" úúO /lshd lafIa;%j, Ôj;ajk ldka;djkag Tjqkag uqyqK §ug isÿjk .eg¨" wNsfhda." tajdg uqyqK fok wdldrh ms<sn| ±kqula" wdl,am" l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍu Tjqkag Ôj;a ùug iß,k jegqmla ,nd §ug lghq;= lsÍu¡ ldka;djka iy ;reKshka jxpdldß f,i /lshdj,a ,ndfok njg fmdfrdkaÿ fjñka Tjqka .Ksld jD;a;shg fhduq lrk ;erõlrejka fnda ä ï whs ; s l rejka " whs;sldßhka iy tjeks foag wkqn, fok mqoa.,hska i|yd ;on, ovqjï ,nd§ug kS;sß;s iïmdokh¡ 03¡ ldka;djkag yd ;reKshkag Tjqkaf.a m%Yak .eg¨ l;d lsÍug yels wdh;k we;s lsÍu yd ta i|yd mqyqKqj ,;a ks,OdÍka fhoùu¡ 04¡ m%ckk fi!LH" ldka;d fi!LH .eg¨" iudc frda." taâia jeks fi!LH úIhka ms < s n | is h ¨ fokdg ±kq j ;a ùfï wjia:djka ia:dms; lsÍu¡ 05¡ ±kg .Ks l d jD;a ; s f ha fhfok .Ksldjka talrdYs lr Tjqkaf.a ±kqu wdl,am l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍfï jev ms < s f j,la wdrïN ls Í u¡ ^fi!LH" fmdaIKh yd wdrËs; ,sx.sl yeisÍï ms<sn|&
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06¡ fuu lKavdhï i|yd jD;a;sh mqyqKq jevigyka yd mqkre;a;dmk fiajdjka ls%hd;aul lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu¡ 07 ldka;djka uqyqKfok úfYAI udkisl fi!LH .eg¨ i|yd iqúfYaI jQ fiajdjka Èh;a lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu¡ 08¡ újdyhg fmr ;reK ;reKshka i|yd n,.ekaùfï úfYaI mqyqKq jevigykla l%shd;aul lsÍu¡ 09 ldka;djka jYfhka ;udf.a
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iajdñmqreIhd" orejka" mjq," iudch fjkqfjka ;ukaf.a hq;=lï j.lSï ms<sn| wjfndaOhlska lghq;= lsÍug wjYH ±kqu wdl,am l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍu¡ 10¡ mjqf,a tÈfkod ld¾hNd¾hka ;=< ±kqu" wdl,am" l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍug wjYH lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu¡ 11¡ ckudOh ;=<ska ldka;djkaf.a .re;ajh /flk wdpdrYS,S mKsúv" ikaksfõok lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu foudmsh" orejka"
ksIamdok uOH.; ixj¾Okh
kjd§ rgj, fukau iudcjd§ rgj,o j;aufkys l%shd;auljk m%Odk ixj¾Ok l%uh ksIamdok uOH.; jQ ixj¾Ok l%uhhs¡ fuys yrh jkafka fidnd iïm;a" ñksia iïm;a" uq,H iïm;a" l<ukdldÍ;ajh" ;dËKh wd§ idOl ld¾hËuj iïnkaO fldg NdKAv iy fiajdjka ksmoùuhs¡ Okjd§ iudcj, Wmßu ,dNh ,efnk wkaoñka fuu NdKav yd fiajdjka ksIamdokh flfrk w;r" mdßfNda.slhka ;=< úúO jdKsc Wml%u ud¾.fhka iemhqug jvd b,a¨ula we;s lrhs ¡ iudcjd§ rgj, ,dNhg jvd mdßfNda.slhdf.a wjYH;d flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq fldg ta i|yd" ie<iqï l< ksIamdok moaO;s l%shd;aul lrhs¡ ,dNh" wjYH;djh idOdrKj fn§hEu wd§ wxYj, fjkialï ;snq kuq;a" cd;sl ixj¾Okh uekSfï § o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h j¾Okh ùfï fõ.h iy ta l mq o a . , wdodhu hk wd§ tlu wkaofï ñkqïo~q fõ¡ fomd¾Yjfhau wd¾Ól úoHd{fhda fmdÿfõ Ndú;d l<y¡ ksIamdokh uOH.; jQ ixj¾Ok l%uh f,dalfha l%shd;aul jQ m%Odku ixj¾Ok l%uh yeáhg wm i|yka lf<a fï ksidh¡ foaYmd,k oDIaá jYfhka fjkia jQj;a" wfma l a I s ; iudc l% u hka úúO jQ j ;a fmdÿfõ ks I a m dok uOH.; ixj¾Ok l% u hla wkq . ukh ls Í u ks i d fõ¡ fohdldrfhau rgj, we;s jQ wd§kj ljf¾o@ hkq úuid ne,Su jà¡ uy mßudK ksIAmdo;h ksid fidnd iïm;a mdúÉÑ ls Í fï fõ.h" ta j d kej; W;amdokh lsÍfï fõ.hg jvd jeäfhka isÿúh¡ WodyrKhla jYfhka" iajNdúl jk iïm;a Nhdkl wkaoug wvqù hEu i|yka l< yels h ¡ uydmßudKfha ksIamdolhka i|yd Wiia .Kfha ;dlaIKhla Wmfhda.s lr.ekSug isÿúh¡ úYd, jYfhka yhsfv%dldnka" bkaOk Wmfhda.s lr.ekSfuka jdhqf.da,fha ldnka fudfkdla i hs â jdhq j wêl ùu ks i d Ôj;aùug wjYH jQ W!IaK;aj iSudjka /lfok ´fidaka jdhq ia:rh wo isÿre ù we;s nj úoHd{fhda m%ldY lr;s¡ fï ksid W!IaK;ajh by< hhs¡ id.r c, uÜgu Wia f õ¡ fjk;a jpk j,s k a ls j fyd;a ukqIH" i;aj" Ydl wd§ Ôj jia;+ka i|yd wjYH iajNdúl mßirh flfrys n,mEï we;slr ;sfí¡ jdhqf.da,h muKla fkdj iuqø" .x.d" N+.; c,h" mi wd§ iEu
fldgilau wo úI ù ;sfí¡ ldka;dr jeä ùu" mi fia§hEu" l÷fy,a md;aùu" úYd, c, .e,Sï wdosh o fuu ksIAmdok uOH.; ixj¾Okfha wd§kj fukS¡ ñksia is; iy iudc ixúOdk flfrys fuu ksIamdok l%uh iy wd§kj j,ska we;s jQ n,mEuo iq¿mgq fkdfõ¡ mqoa.,hd mjq, hk l=vd m%cdj úiska Tjqka Ôj;a jQ mßirh iy mßir idOl flfrys ;snq md,kh Tjqkaf.a w;ska .s,syS hEu;a iuÕu uQ,sl udkqIsl wjYH;djhka ;u mßirh ;=<skau imqrd .ekSug Tjqkag ;snqKq wjYH;djh ta i|yd ;snqKq uq,sl udkj whs;sjdisluq;a Tjqkag wysñj .sfhah¡ Okjd§ rgj, úYd, nyqcd;sl iud.ï rdcHdh;k j,g jvd n,j;a fia Yla;su;a jQ w;r uOH.; rdcHhkao" ;dËK jHqyhka o" ikakoaO yuqod moaO;Skao mqoa.,hd" mjq, iy wi,a j eis h ka wìnjd ke.S is á fha h ¡ iudcjd§ rgj,o mqoa.,hd iy Tyqf.a iudðl hk fN!;sl mßirh wNsnjd tjeksu wkaofï rdcH uOH.;j, jHqyhka keÕS isáfhah¡ l=uk rdcHuh fyda jdKscuh fyda fjk;a ndysr n,fõ.hlska ukqIHhdf.a Ñ;a;dNHka;rfhys ksoyig ;sfnk ±ä ´kElu jeä ld,hla u¾okh lsÍug kqmq¿jk¡ m%xYh" weußldj jeks rgj, 1960 .Kkaj, isÿjQ YsIH iy ;reK wr., j,s k q ; a fmda , ka ; h" fida ú hÜ reishdj jeks rgj, j¾;udkfha § isÿjqKq úuq l a ; s l dó igka j ,s k q ; a meyeÈ,s j u fmfkkafka ksIamdÈ; uOH.; ixj¾Ok l%uh ;j ÿrg;a f,dal ñksia iudch fkdms<s.kakd njhs¡ fï ksid ,xldj jeks rgj, Ôj;ajk wm È<s÷lug tfrysj lrkq ,nk igkl§ fï ksIamdÈ; uOH.; ixj¾Ok l% u h ;jÿrg;a wkq l rKh lruqo@ ke;s kï ta fjkqjg ks¾Nhj ck;d uOH.; ixj¾Ok l% u hlg fhuqfjuqo@ hk m%Yakh .ek ks¾udKd;aul mshjrla .; hq;=hs¡
wdpd¾h ta¡ à¡ wdßhr;ak
.=rejreka w;r wka;¾ mqoa., iïnkaO;d Yla;su;a flfrk jevms<sfj,la ia:dms; lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu¡ 12¡ ;Skaÿ ;SrK .kakd by< uÜgfï /lshd la f Ia ; % j , ks r ; jk ldka ; djka f .a m%;sY;h jeä lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu¡ 13¡ rdcH/rdcH fkdjk wdh;k j, kdhl;ajhg fhduq lsÍug iqÿiq ldka;djka n,.ekaùfï mqyqKq jevigyka Èjhsk mqrd ixúOdkh lsÍu yd
fufyhùug wjYH miqìu iqodkï lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu¡ 14¡ rdcH" rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj, kdhl;ajh ±kqj;a lsÍu ^WoafoaYkh& 15¡ ldka;djkag Ôj;a ùug iqÿiq ys;lr iduldó mßirhla iudch ;=< f.dvkeÕSug lghq;= lsÍu¡
úu,d rK;=x. i¾fjdaoh l=,Õk ixioh
f.or úoHdj nfâ weisâ .;shg ñ,ala ´*a ue.akSishd
—
Th nfâ weisâ .;sh jeä kï ñ,ala ´*a ue.akSishd álla ìõjd kï bjrhsfka¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡˜ hs nd.od Tng;a lsh,d we;s¡ wfma wdudYfha ta ls h ka f ka nfâ yhs f v% d la f ,dßla ls h ,d wï,hla ;sfhkjd¡ fï wï, .;sh jeäjqKdu wmsg nvg wudrehs¡ b;ska ta wudrej wvq lr.kak kï wï,j,g m%;súreoaO øjHhla fndkak ´k¡ tajdg lshkafka m%;swï, lsh,hs¡ fï i|yd iqÿiq øjHla ;uhs ñ,ala ´*a ue.akSishd fyj;a ue.akSishï yhsfv%dlaihsâ wï,hg fï NdIañl øjH tl;= jqKdu ta foj¾.h m% ; s l % s h d lr,d WodiS k øjHhka jk ,jK fyj;a ¨Kq iy c,h idokjd¡ t;fldg nvg myiq j la ±fkkjd¡ iuyre ishÈú ydks lr.kak weisâ fndkjd¡ weisála weisâ jf.a ier wï, ìújdu uq,skau lrkak ´fka fyd|g j;=r fndkak fok tl¡ t;fldg wr ier wï, .;sh wvqfjkjd¡ Bg miafia ñ,ala ´*a ue.akSishd jf.a m%;swï, fndkak ÿkakdu yß¡ tajf.auhs ier NdIañl øjHla ìõjdu wms ys;uq fldaiaÜla fidavd î,d ;sfhkjd lsh,d uq,ska fyd|g j;=r fndkak fokak ´k¡ Bg miafia m%;sNdIAu fndkak fokak ´fka¡ foys hqI weUq,a fodvï hqI fndkak ÿkakdu yß¡ ier wï,hla fyda ier NIauhla î,d ;sfnk fldkl=g jukh lrjkak fyd| keye¡ jukh lrkfldg ta øjH wdmyq wNHka ; r Èúh .uka l rk fldg wdfhu;a mdrla ta ud¾.h ms<siaiSulg Ndckh fjkjd¡ ta ksihs jukh lrùu fyd| ke;af;a¡
wms f.j;af;a miaj, wdï,sl Ndjh jeä jqKdu .iaj,g fyd| keye¡ ta ksid wï, .;sh wvq lr.kak ´k¡ ta i|yd wdmyq le,aishï Tlaihsâ ,sfma w¿ jeks NdIsñl øjHhla mig tl;= lrkak ´k¡ ó ueia f ila oIa g l<du" läfhla lEjdu" ±ú,a,la we;s fjkafka Wka iug wï,hla tl;= lrk ksihs¡ th ke;s lsÍug NIauhla oukak ´fka¡ w¿yqKq" wdmam fidavd ^fidaähï nhs ldnfkaÜ& oukak ´fka¡ iuyre yu ;=jd,h u; fl< álla .dkafk;a fl< j, NdIañl ;;a;ajhla ;sfnk ksihs¡ nq,;aúg lEug .kakd yqKq álla .Eug;a yelsh¡ yenehs foUr úI NdIañlhs¡ b;ska foUfrla oIag l<du;a th wvqlr.ekSug wï,hla tl;= lrkak ´fka¡ foys úkdlsß fï i|yd iqÿiq øjH fjkjd¡ fuhs k a fmkS hka f ka wï," NdIa u ±kf.k isàfuka Tng f.or§ we;sjk iq¿ iq¿ m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re §ug mq¿jka fjkjd¡ úoHdj .ek ys;k úg wms ys;kafka th úoHd.drj, úoHd fmd;am;aj, mdie,aj, muKla ;sfnk fohla lsh,hs¡ kuq ; a úoHdj wfma tÈfkod f.or ld¾hkag fhdod.; yels nj f;areï.; hq;=hs¡ wfma f.or;a" wfma YÍrh;a tlu úoHd.drhla ls h ,d lsõfjd;a Tn Nd.od mqÿu fjkak;a mq¿jka¡
fcdaima veksiag¾ l=f¾ ^úoHd úfYAI mqyqKq&
i¾fjdaoh
11
w
êlrKfha ia j dëk;dj ,s n r,a m%cd;ka;%jdofha w;HjYH wx. ,ËKhla fõ¡ ,xldfõ j¾;udk foaYmd,k ixo¾Nh ;=< biau;= jqKq hï lreKq ldrKd fya;= fldg f.k ld,Skj wêlrKfha iajdëk;dj ms<sn| úúO u; m< úh¡ fuu ikao¾Nh ;=< wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh hkq l=ula o th /l.ekSfuys,d idudkH ck;dj fyj;a fmdÿ ck;dj i;= j.lSu l=ula o hkak ms<sn| úuiSug fuu ,smsfhka W;aiy flf¾¡ foaYmd,k úoHdkql+,j l,amkd lrk úg rdcHh ñys ; ,h u; ola k g ,efnk W;a;Í;ru yd jeo.;au wdh;kh fõ¡ fuys§ rdcH hk moh Ndú;d lr we;af;a tÈfkod jHjydrhka ;=< —rdcHh˜ iy —rch˜ hk moj,ska weÕfjk wre; ±kùu i|yd fkdfõ¡ rdcH i;= j W;a;Í;r n,hla we;s w;r tu n,h m%fhda.slj l%shdjg k.kq ,nk wdh;kh wdKavqj hk kñka ye|skafõ¡ wdKavqjg o n,hla we;s w;r th rdcH u.ska wjOdß; tkï mjrd fok ,o n,hla nj foaYmd,k úoHdkql+,j b.ekaùu fõ¡ wdKAvqj i;= fuu n,h wdldr ;=klska l%shdjg k.kq ,efí¡ tkï” 1¡ úOdhl n,h 2¡ jHjia:dodhl n,h 3¡ wêlrK n,h jYfhks¡ ,snr,a m%cd;dka;%sh foaYmd,k l%uhkays wêlrK n,h kS;sh úiska m%;sia:dms; wêlrK wdh;k uÕska ls%hdjg kxjkq ,efí¡ wêlrK wdh;khka úiska ;uka i;= n,h iajdëk iy ksoyia tfy;a kS;shg wkql+,j l%shdjg ke.sh hq;= nj ,snr,a m%cd;dka;%sh foaYmd,k l%uhkays újdo rys;j ms<s.ekSug ,lafõ¡ foaYmd,k úoHdkql+, w¾:hlska ú.%yd lrk úg wêlrKfha ia j dëk;dj hkafkka uq,sl jYfhka lreKq ;=kla woyia fõ¡ tkï 1¡ úksYaphlrejka m;a lrk wdldrh 2¡ úksYaphlrejkaf.a fiajfhys iqrËs;Ndjh 3¡ wêlrKfha lghq;=j,g whq;= f,i ueÈy;a ùï j<lajd .ekSug wêlrKh i;= yelshdj úksYaplrejka m;a lsÍfï § tla tla rgj, úúOdldr mshjr wkq.ukh lrkq ,efí¡ ta w;ßka fmdÿ jYfhka fhdod .efkk l%u lsysmhla jkafka" 1¡ úOdhlh úis k a úks Y a p hldrjre m;alsÍu 2¡ jHjia:dodhlh úiska úksYaphldrjre m;alsÍu 3¡ ck;dj úiska úksYaphldrjrekaj m;a lsÍu hkd§ l%fudamdhhkah¡ úOdhlh úiska úksYphlrejka m;a lsÍu hkqfjka woyia jkafka kdñl úOdhlh úiska úksYaphldrjre m;a lsÍu fõ¡ tkï rcq /ðK fyda kdñl ckdêm;s úiska by< wêlrK wdh;kj, úksYaphldrjre m;a l s Í u f u y s § w o y i a f õ ¡ úksYaphldrjrekaf.a f.!rjh wdrËd
jk mßÈ wmËmd;sj Tjqkaf.a m;alsÍï isÿ ls Í ug wjYH ks i d úks Y a p hldrjre m;alsÍfï n,h kdñl úOdhlhg mjrd § ;sfí¡ › ,xldfõ o 1972 m%:u ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:d úê úOdk wkqj kdñl úOdhlhla kS;sfhka ia:dms; lr fkdue;s úgl § i;H úOdhlh úis k a by< wêlrK wdh;kj, úksYaphldrjrekaj m;a lsÍu olakg ,efí¡ ksoiqkla jYfhka 1978 isg › ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk fojk ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:djg wkqj kdñl úOdhl OQrhla olakg fkd,efnk w;r ckdêm;sjrhd wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ;uka fj; jHjia:dkql+,j mejÍ we;s n,;, l%shdjg k.ñka by< wêlrK wdh;khkays úksYaphldrjreka m;alsÍu fmka j dÈh yels h ¡ 1678 wdKa v q l % u jHjia:djg wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd rcfha úOdhl n,ho l%shd;aul lrk fyhska" úOdhl ckdêm;s j rhd wêlrKfha úks Y a p hldrjreka j m;a l s Í u ks i d wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh ì|S hkafka hhs ;¾lhla hï wfhl=g u;= l< yelsh¡ t f y ; a c k d ê m ; s j r h d úks Y a p hldrjreka j m;a l< muKs k a wêlrKfha iajëk;djh ì|S hkafkah¡ hk ;¾lh fya ; = folla ks i d tlfy<d ms<s.ekSug o fkdyelsh¡ weußld tlai;a ckmofha o úOdhl n,h ork ckdêm;s j rhf úis k a by< wêlrK wdh;kj, úksYaphldrjre m;a l<;a úks i q r ka f,i m;a ù fuka miq Tjq y q wmËmd;Sj ish OQrhkays lghq;= lrkq ola k g ,eîu bka m<uq jeka k fõ¡ úOdhlh úis k a wêlrK wdh;kj, úksYaphldrjre m;a lsÍug idfmaËj jHjia : dodhlh fyda ck;dj úis k a úksYaphldrjre m;a lsÍu uÕska wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh m%udKj;a mßÈ tkï m% Y ia ; uÜgfuka bgq fkdùu fojekakhs¡ ta i|yd n,md ;s f nk fya ; = idOl .Kkdjls¡ jHjia:dohlh úiska úksYaphldrjre m;a lsÍfï § úks Y a p hldrjreka f,i m;a flfrk ;eke;a;kaf.a iqÿiqlï ms<sn| újdohka jHjia : dohlh ;= < we;s fõ¡ tjeks újdohkayS § u;= lrkq ,eìh yels we;eï lreKQ fya;= fldg f.k úksYaphldrjrekaf.a f.!re;ajhg iy iajdëk;djhg n,mEï t,a, úh yels h¡ tneúka jHjia:dodhlh úiska úksYaphldrjreka m;a lsßfuka wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh m%Yia; uÜgfuka iqrËs; fkdfõ¡ úOdhl n,h iys; ckdêm;sOQrh úiska by< wêlrK wh;khka y s wêlrK ks , OdÍka m;a lsÍug m¾hdh l%uhla f,i jHjia:dodhlh úiska úksYaphldrjre m;a lr wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh wdrËd lsÍug wfmaËd l< o th jdia;úl ;;a;ajhka ;=< fhdod .; yels úl,amhla ie,lsh fkdyelsh¡ ck;dj úiska wêlrKfha úksYaphldrjreka m;a lsÍfï § jvd;a ckm%sh ;eke;a;d úksYaphldrjrhd f,i m;a lsÍfï fm<Uùula we;s úh yels h¡ tneúka ck;dj úiska úksiqrka m;a lsÍu
;=<ska wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh ksis mßÈ wdrlaId fõ hehs o mejish fkdyelsh¡ fï wkq j n,k úg j¾;udkfhys m%ia;=;hg ,la ù ;sfnk wêlrKfha ia j dëk;djh m% Y ia ; whq ß ka wdrËd lsÍfï § jvd;au iqÿiq jkafka by< wêlrK wdh;kj, úksYaphldrjreka ckdêm;sjrhd úiska m;a lsÍu iy my< wêlrK wdh;kj, úksYaphldrjreka úIhdkq n oa O fldñIula úis k a m;a lsÍu;ah¡ flfia kuq;a ckdêm;sjrhd m;a lrk úksYaphldrjreka Tjqkaf.a OQrhkaf.ka bj;a lsÍfï ;ks wNsu;dkqidÍ n,h ckdêm;sjrhd fj; u r|jd ;eîu iqÿiq fkdjk w;r ta i|yd f,dj fndfyda rgj,a wkq.ukh lrk l%uh jkafka úOdhlh iy jHjia : dodhlfha tlÕ;a j h u; kdñl úOdhlh úiska úksYaphldrjreka bj;a lsÍu fõ¡ úksiqrkaf.a úkh md,kh we;=¿ mßmd,k lghq;= úIh fldñiug mjrd § ;sîu f,dj rgj,a wkq.ukh lrk iïm%odh fõ¡ › ,xldfõ wêlrK moaO;sh ;=< o úksYaphlrejka m;a lsÍu bj;a lsÍu iy fiajfha iqrËs;Ndjh ;yjqre ls Í u fya ; = fldgf.k wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh m%Yia: uÜgfuka wdrËd ù we;ehs m%ldY l< yelsh¡ tjka miq ìula ;= < mq o a . ,jdoh bia u ;= fldgf.k wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh ì| jeà we;ehs m%ldY lsÍu ck;dj fkduÕ heùula nj mejish yelsh¡ wêlrK l%shdj,Skays § ish¨ mqoa.,hka tl yd iudkh hk uq,O¾uh u; msysgd lghq;= lrk w;r mqoa., flakaøSh idOl mokï lr f.k rfÜ ck;dj fkduÕ hjd kS;sh w;g f.k l%shd lsÍu lsisfia;a wkq.ukh l< fkdyelsh¡ hï mqoa.,fhla rfÜ mj;akd kS;shg wkql+,j w;awvx.=jg f.k wêlrK mÍËKhlg n÷ka lr we;s úgl tu ;eke;a ; d w;awvx.=jg m;a ùug fmr ork ,o ;k;=r l=ula jqj;a th ie,ls,a,g f.k tu ;eke;a;dg iïnkaO mÍËKj,g ndOd jk whq ß ka úúO foa Y md,k Wkka ÿ ls Í ï u; idudkH ck;djf.a yeisÍu wêlrK lghq;= ukdj mj;ajdf.k hdug ndOdjlau fõ¡ tn÷ ls%hdjka u.ska rfÜ W;a;Í;r kS;sh flf<iSug ,lajk w;r ck;d mrudêm;H W,a,x>Kh fõ¡ mgq foaYmd,k jdis mokï lrf.k we;eï foa Y md,k mË" cd;s l iy úcd;s l n,fõ. jeä ÿr is;d fkdn,k iq¿ idudkH ck;dj ovóud lrf.k wêlrK lghq;=j,g whq;= f,i n,mEï lsÍug W;a i dy ±Íu ls i s f ia ; a wkq u ; l< fkdyelsh¡ tn÷ fkduÕ heùïj,ska je<lS isáug ;rï idudkH ck;djf.a ck uki m%cd;dka;%Sh uq,O¾uhka iy l%shdldÍ;ajhkaf.ka fmdaIs; úh hq;=h¡ ;j;a wjia:dj, § wêlrK úks Y a p hldrjre" kS ; s { jre fuka u wêlrK fiajlhka o úúOdldr ;¾ckhkag iy uer m%ydrhkag f.dÿre ùu › ,xldfõ j¾;udk iudc ikao¾Nh ;=< j¾Okh ù we;s m%jK;djhls¡ thg fya ; = j j¾;udk › ,xfla h iudc
ikao¾Nh fj;ska úoHudk —uer.;sl˜ iajNdjhhs¡ tkï iuia: iudchu uerjr l%shd i|yd olajk wkqn,hhs¡ fujeks iudchl wêlrKfha iajdëk;dj h:d¾;hla ùu ÿIalrh¡ tneúka iudc uer.;sl iajNdjhg tfrysj iú{dkl ck;d l%shdldÍ;ajhla wjYH fõ¡ tys § m<uqfjka u wjYH jkafka m%cd;dka;%sh uq,O¾u iy l%shdldÍ;ajh yd ne÷Kq úêu;a yd wúêu;a wOHdmkhla ck;djg ,nd §ug rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl yjq,aldÍ;ajh úiska flá ld,Sk yd È.= ld,Sk mshjr .ekSuh¡ tfia fkdue;sj wêlrKfha iajdëk;dj m%Yia: uÜgfuka <Õd lr.ekSu wiSreh¡ wfkla w;g we;eï wjia:djkaj, idudkH ck;dj yeisfrk wdldrh wkqj wêlrKfha iajdëk;djhg n,mEï t,a, jk wdldrh olakg ,efí¡ ksoiqka f,i ßh wk;=rla fyda ìysiqKq wmrdOhla isÿjQ iekska ck;dj kS;sh w;g f.k ieyeis f,i l%shd lsßug fm<öu u.ska wmrdOlrejka kS;sfha /yekg yiq lsÍug w;HjYHjk idCIs úkdYlsÍug idudkH ck;dj o ±kqj;aj fyda fkd±kqj;a j iyNd.s ùu tjeks tla wjia:djla f,i fmka j dÈh yels h ¡ tn÷ wjia : djl§ ck;djf.a l% s h dldÍ;a j h wêlrKfha lghq;= iqLkuH whqßka mj;ajdf.k hdug ndOdjla jk neúka ck;dj tn÷ wjia:djkaj, § óg jvd iqmßËdldÍ úh hq;= w;ru j.lSfuka lghq;= l< hq;= o fõ¡ we;eï wmrdOldÍ wjia:djkaj, § —ñkSurejdg urK o~qjï ,ndfokq æ˜ " —ñkSurejd t,a,d urKq æ˜ hkd§ jYfhka i|yka mqjre Wiq,df.k fm<md<s hñka wêlrKh u.ska mj;ajk mÍËK lghq;= ks i s mßÈ yudr ùug;a fmr mQ ¾ j úks Y a p hka g t<fUñka wêlrKfha lghq;=j,g n,mEï t,a, jk whqßka idudkH ck;dj yeis f rk wdldrh tÈfkod ck Ôú;h weiqßka w;aolsk isÿùï j,ska úoHdudk fõ¡ wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh ksis mßÈ /l.ekSfï § idudkH ck;dj ±k fyda fkd±k lrk fun÷ l%shdjkaf.ka je<lS isáh hq;= w;r jrolrejd ljq r eka o ks j erÈlrejd ljq r eka o hka k ks Y a p h ls Í u .re W;a;Í;r wêlrKfha n, lafIa;%hg wh;ajk l%shdjla neúka ta i|yd l%shd ls Í ug n,mEïj,s k a f;drj ks o yia jmißhla ks¾udKh lr§u rcfha fukau idudkH ck;dj jk wm ieuf.a hq;=lu iy j.lSu o fõ¡ tneúka wêlrKfha iajdëk;djh wdrËd lsßfï § idudkH ck;dj o f.!rjkSh ld¾hNd¾hla fukau f.!rjkSh j.lSula o mejÍ we;s nj fmkajdÈh yelsh¡
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kj fiajd ia:dkfha fiajhg jd¾;d lsÍfuka miq" fuys ia:dkNdr ks,OdÍ uy;d ud yg Tyqf.a wjxl woyia WmfoaYhla jYfhka mejiqfõh¡ —ñiag¾ chr;ak fïl Thdf.a ody;r jeks fiajd ia:dkh Thd fïl fydog ysf;a ;shd.kak¡ wmsg f,dalh yokak nE¡ f,dalh hk úÈyg wms;a hkak ´kE¡ Thdf.a wkd.;h .ek;a ys ; ka k ¡ tfyu ys;,d jevlrkak˜¡ uu fudyqg uo iskdjlska ms<s;=re § ksy~ jqfKñ¡ fuu fia j d ia : dkfha uu iuÕ ,smslrejka y;rfofkla isá w;r fofofkla .eyeKq Woúh úh¡ msßñ uy;d wurisxy úh¡ miqj ug ±k.kakg ,enKq úÈyg fuu fiajd ia:dkfha ud yer b;sß ish¨fokdu fuu .ï m%foaYfha whuh¡ fuys fiajh l< ld¾hd, ld¾h iydhl úfÊodi uy;d .ek uu uq,§ ys;=fõ fuu wdh;kfha by< ks,OdÍfhla f,ih¡ tys widOdrKhla o ke;¡ fÊ;a;=jg ye| me<| f.k tk fudyq fudyqf.a rdcldßh w;yer fjk;a j.lsjhq;= ;k;=rej, fiajh l< w;r ia:dkNdr ks,OdÍ uy;dgo Wmfoia foñka ld¾hd,fha wdêm;H fudyq w;g f.k lghq;= flfrk nj ug fmkqKs¡ fudyqg wh;a rdcldÍ i|yd fi!LH lïlrefjl= fhdojd fudyq lïlre mßmd,l yd .nvd Ndrlre jYfhka fiajh l< w;r fuu lghq;= j,ska fudyq fyd|g yïnlrk nj miqj wurisxy uy;df.ka ±k.;sñ¡ ld¾hd,hg hk yeu Èkhlu WoEik ld¾hd, ñÿf,a yßu f>daIdjls¡ tkï ld¾hd, ld¾h iyhl úfÊodi uy;d fi!LH lïlrejka f .a fmfrÜgq j .ekSfï wjia:djhs¡ fudyq úkdähla fyda mrla l = ù meñfKk fiajlhkag wïud uQ ke;sj neK jÈhs¡ meñK isák fiajlhkag Tjqkaf.a fkdfhla wvqmdvq lshñka uy yçka fodia lshhs¡ iuyr úg Tjqkag .yk wjia:do ud ±l we;¡ flfia fyda fia j lhka tla f lfkla foka f kl= g ksjdvq ,l=Kq lr Tjqka wdmiq hjk wjia:d b;d iq,n oiqkla úh¡ fujeks wjia : dj, úfÊodi wdmiq hjk fiajlhka fjkqjg wdfoaYl fiajlhka fhdojhs¡ fï i|yd wdfoaYl fiajlhka udia m ;d Tjq k a f .a fõ;kfhka hï uqo,la wksjd¾fhkau úfÊodig Èh hq;= nj wurisxy uy;df.ka uu ±k.;sñ¡ fuh úfÊodif.a kskaÈ; uxfld,a,lEula jYfhkqhs ud olskqfha¡ ld¾hdf,a fiajlhkaf.a ksjdvq iïnkaOj lghq;= lsÍfï § ug meyeÈ,s jqKq lreKls lïlrejkaf.a wkqu; ksjdvq ;sìh§ Tjqkag jegqma rys; ksjdvq oud we;s nj¡ fï ms<sn|j miq Èfkl fi!LH lïlrejka ld¾hd,hg wd úg uu Tjqkag mejiqjd" —Th f.d,a,kag j¾Ihlg ;j ysñ Èk myf<djl ksjdvq ;sìh§ wehs jegqma rys; ksjdvq ,l=Kq lr,d ;sfhkafka¡ Th f.d,af,da fïl fmdâvla ia:dk Ndr
ks¾udK msgqj
ks,OdÍ;=udg lshkak˜¡ —i¾ Tõjd wms okafka kE¡ ´jd .ek l;d lrkak .sfhd;a úfÊodi uy;a;hf.ka .=álkak ú;rla fkdfjhs" thd wfma mkka y;rla .kak rlaIdj;a ke;s lrhs¡ i¾g mq¿jka kï fï .ek lsh,d wmsg ta ksjdvq wrka fokak¡˜ lshd udáka keu;s lïlrejd ug mejiqfõh¡ fuÈkg miq Èk ud Wfoa ld¾hd,hg f.dia ál fõ,djla .shúg úfÊodi wE; ;shdu ug yhsfhka nksñka tkjd ÿgqfjñ¡ —chr;a k uy;a ; hd Thd wdjkï Thdf.a mdvqfõ bkak¡ uf.a jevj,g w; odkak tkak tmd¡ yaï æ lïlrejkag whs;sjdislï lsh,d fokak¡ fyd|g ysáhs¡ Bg miafia Wka wfma T¿jg;a myrhs ¡ chr;a k uy;a ; hd fjk ;ekaj, fl,mq fl<s fufy nE¡ tal u;l ;shd .kak¡ ux fkdlsõjdhs lsh,d miafia w~kak tmd˜¡ fjkod fujka is o a ê hl§ bla u ks k a lsfmk ud fuys§ bjis,af,ka lghq;= lf<ñ¡ —úfÊodi ´l tÉpr .Kka .kak tmd¡ ´l tÉpr ÿrg uu ys;=fõ kE¡ ´l uu lsõjd lsh,d Th ñksiqkag lrkak mq¿jka fohla kEfka¡ úfÊodi l,n, fkdù bkak˜¡ —wdx tfyu tkak chr;ak uy;a;hd¡ chr;ak uy;a;hdf.a jevla m,la ;sfhkjd kï ug lshkak ux Wka ,õjd lrj,d fokakï¡ uu l=Uqre wlalr myla lrkjd¡ Wka ,õjd jev lrjd .kafka fohshfka ls h ,d wjq r eoa o g fomdrla tllg lsÜgqj uu .kakjd¡˜ uu Tyqg uo iskdjlska ms<s;=re § ud lrñka isá jefvys ksr; jqfKñ¡ ud T¿j Wiaid n,k úg ud foi mqÿufhka jf.a n,disá ia:dkNdr ks,OdÍ ál fj,djls k a b;du;a i;= á ka —ñia g chr;ak" Tkak ±ka Thd kshu g%ela tlg jeá,d bkafka keoao wurisxy uy;a;hd˜ lshñka wurisxy uy;a;hd foi ne,S h ¡ wuris x y uy;a ; h;a —myqfj,d yß chr;ak uy;a;hdf.a fudf,a mEÿkq tl f,dl= fohla˜ hehs mejiSh¡ ud o Tjqkag reÑ fohla ys;d.kak § ksy~j ud fh§ isá ld¾hhg wjOdkh fhduq lf<ñ¡ ál Èklska ug ±k.ka k g ,enq f Ka lïlrejka f .a whs;sjdislï .ek l< l:dj úfÊodif.a lfka ;s h d we;a f ;a lïlrejkau fofofkls¡ fï .ek uu Tjqka iuÕ WrK fkdúks¡ th Tjqkaf.a kQ.;alu ksid .;a ksjg l%shdjla nj ug wjfndaO jqKq neúks¡
fÊ¡ tï¡ Ô¡ nKavdr
u;= iïnkaOhs i¾fjdaoh
13
w,shd ;u ;ru fkdokS kï
r
gu wo ck;djg ke;sjqK ck;d whs;ska .ek l;d lrhs¡ tfyu jeämqr l;d lrkafka wfma foaYmd,{fhda ta wh lshk úÈyg uyck;djf.a mrudêm;H whs;sh lshk tl wo wfydais fj,d" ke;s fj,d¨¡ ta ke;sjqK whs;sh kej; uyck;djg ,ndfokak ´k lsh,;a ta wh fõÈldj, lE.yk tl wo idudkH fohla fj,d¡
uOH;k hq.fha isg mej;s rdcdKavq taldêm;s md,k l%uh ta lshkafka rcq úiska ish¨ ;skaÿ ;SrK .ksñka ta l dêm;dj f.k .s h md,khka f,dalfha m<uq j;djg wfydais lrñka 1651 § rcq oxf.ähg hejq tx.,ka; ck;dj ck;djf.a whs;sfha mk; bÈßm;a lrñka rgl" rdcHhl foa Y md,k n,fha whs ; s l rejka uyck;djg njg m;alsßu mk;la uÕska iïu; lr.;a;d¡ t;eka mgka taldêm;s rdcdKavql%u ìo ±ïuuSka uyckhd foaYmd,k n,fha ysñlrejd jQjd¡ th ck;d mrudêm;H n,h f,ig wo wms l;d lrkjd¡ uyck;djf.a ta mrudêm;H n,h fyj;a foaYmd,k n,h jHjia:dodhlh" úOdhl iy wêlrK n,;, mßoafoka l%shd;aul jk wxYhka njg miqj ;jÿrg;a
mßKduh ùu isÿúh¡ tys§ kshu m% c d;ka ; % j d§ rgl ckn,fhka m;ajk wdKAvqjl n,h jHjia:dodhl n,h" úOdhl n,h yd wêlrK n,h hkqfjka fn§ hEula isÿúh hq;=hs¡ thg fya;=j jkafka fï ;% s ú O n,;, ;ks mq o a . ,fhl= i;=ùfuka f.dvkefÕk taldêm;s;ajh ke;slr m%cd;ka;%jdoh we;s lsÍughs¡ ta ksid wdKa v q l a hkq ck;d foa Y md,k whs;sska fyj;a ck;d mrudêm;Hfhka m;al< js H jia : dodhlhg" úOdhlg iy wêlrKhghs ' ta ls h ka f ka fï wdh;k ;=ku ck;dj úiska f.dvkÕmq wdh;khs¡ fï ;=kgu we;af;a ck;dj úiska mjrd ÿka ck;d n,hls ¡ ta n,h ´kEu wjia : djl ck i;= lr.ekS f ï whs;sh uyck;dj i;=hs¡ ta nj wm lS f hka lS f ofkla is ; = j do hka k m%Yakhls¡ ck n,fhka md¾,s f ïka ; = hejq foaYmd,{hska mdß,sfïka;=j muKla W;a;Í;rhs lsùj;a rgg n,mdk ish¨u ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSfï ;ks n,hla ck;dj úiska TjQkag mjrd§ ke;¡ tfukau
jHjia:dodhlhg yd úOdhlhg o ta l dêm;s j ;S k a ÿ ;S r K .ekS f ï n,hla" whs;shla o mjrd§ keye¡ wdKavql%u jHjia:djla Tiafia n,h mejfrk wêlrKhlg úOdhlh iy jHjia:dodhlh úiska rgg wys ; lrj .kq ,nk m% c d;ka ; % úfrdaë ;Skaÿ ;SrK fjkqfjka fmkS isáñka Bg úreoaOj kS;suh ;skaÿ ;SrK .ekSfï whs;sh i;=fõ¡ tfukau úOdhlhg jHjia:dodhlh wêlrKh flfrys n,mEï we;s lsÍfï n,hla o wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska n,hla mjrd § we;¡ kuq;a ta wdh;k ;=ku tlsfkld flfrys j.lsj hq;= w;ru ck;dj flfrys o j.ls j hq ; = f õ¡ tks i d wdKa v q l % u jHjia : dfjka jHjia : dodhlhg úOdhlhg yd wêlrKhg ,ndÿka n,fhka fldgila tfia;a ke;akï Ndf.g Nd.hla jYfhka ck;djg o ,nd § we;¡ tfia ne,Sfï§ md¾,sfïka;=j muKla W;a;Í;s o? lshñka ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSu idOdrKh¡ WodyrK f,ig m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgl wêlrKhg tfrysj .kq ,nk ;skaÿ ;SrKhl§ úOdhl" jsHjia:dodhl n,;, muKla Ndú;d lrñka
isÿlrkjdkï th iïmq¾Kfhkau iodpdrhg mgyeks tlla fõ¡ thg f y a ; = j ú O d h l h g " jHjia:dodhlhg" wêlrKh flfrys ;S k a ÿ jla .ekS f ï § ta ms<sn|j ck;djf.a u;h úuiSula m%cd;ka;%jd§kï isÿúh hq;=h¡ túghs rgl ck;d mrudêm;H n,fhka m;al< úOdhlh" jHjia:dodhlh yd wêlrKh idOdrKh bgql<d jkafka¡ kuq;a fndfyda m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgj, is ÿ jka f ka m% n , úOdhlh úis k a m;a l rkq ,nk úfYa I iNdjla " lñgqjla bÈßfha .kq ,nk ;Skaÿ ;srKhlska muKla lghq;= lsÍuhs¡ fïl yßhg kvq;a yduqÿrejkaf.a nvq;a yduqÿrejkaf.a jf.a l;djls¡ tfiakï is;kakg we;af;a uyck;djg fuu n,h ke;s ù we;af;a fjk ljqrej;a ksid fkdj tfyu n,hla ms<sn| ±kqj;a lula ck;dj ;=< fkdue;s ksidh¡ tal yßhg w,shdf.a ;ru w,shd fkd±k isáhd jf.a jevls¡ tksid yelsf,kak fkdj ke.sákak ¥IKhg NSIKhg widOdrKhg tfrysj ta i|yd jQ n,h Tn i;=hs¡
trkao ksYdka
wkqnqÿ ysñ fy<sl< uÕg msúfiuq
ñ
ys÷ udysñmdfKda wog jir 2297 lg fmr fmdfidka mq k a fmda o dl › ,xldjg jevu l< fya ; = j Wka jykafiaf.a u uqúka foaYkd lf<a —iukduhx uyd rdc Oïu rdciai Y%djld
iEu mq o a . ,fhla u ixidßl úuq l a ; s h la
yqreùu" wysxil úfkdao iqjh ,nk weia lka
f,i ±kqï ÿkafkuq¡ udi ;=kla .; úh¡ ug
wfmalaId l<hq;= fõ¡ fï ksid iEu
mskùu ixhufhka hq;= j lsÍu" wdYdjkag uq,a
ms<s;=re ,enqfKa" y;a fofkl=f.ka muKh¡
fn!oaOfhlau nqÿka jykafia fmkajdÿka wd¾hh
;ek fkd§ wjYH;djkag uq,a ;ek § lghq;=
n,fha isák foaYmd,lfhla jeo.eïulg
wIa G dx.s l ud¾.h Tia f ia .uka ls Í u
lsßu hk m%;sm;a;s wm cd;shla jYfhka
ke;s l%shdjlg remsh,a ,Ëhla b,a¨jfyd;a ,Ë folla fok Okm;sfhda wm rfÜ isá;s¡
mrudo¾Yh lr.;af;ah¡ fï i|yd O¾uh
ms<s.; fyd;a muKls¡
;fuj wkqlïmdh
bf.kSu" O¾uh ms<sme§u ks;sm;d Ndjkd
idudðl jYfhka wms my;a wählg o jeà
wfka wkqnqÿ ysñhks æ Tn jykafia wmg
cïnq §md bod .;d˜ hk jokaj,sks¡ Wka
lsÍu" mkais,a wgis,a iudokaùu wdÈh iudch
isáuq¡ Èfkka Èk u wfma fN!;sl mßirh
b.ekajQ mdvï wm iudcfha by< we;a;kag
jykafiag miq fndfyda úfoaYslfhda ,xldjg
ms<s.;A wOHd;añl l%shd jQy¡
wmsßisÿ fõ¡ ñysÿ udysñhka úiska wU M,h
wu;l ù we;s yeá ¦
meñKshy¡ tfy;a —;fuj wkqlïmdh - f;dfm
fï ksid wka ñksiqka iuÕ mj;ajk ish¨
j<|d wU wegh me< l< yeá wu;l l< wms
wOHdmkh hkq ñksiqka" i;=ka" .ia fld<ka
flfrys wkqlïmdfjka˜ hk fÉ;kdj fmrgq
hym;a iïnkaOlï iodpdr .Khg jegqKs¡
wfma jk iïm; mqÿu fõ.hlska úkdY
Ôj;a lrùfï Ys,amhls¡ tfy;a wkqnqÿ ysñhfka
fldg lSfhka lS fofkla tfia meñKshdyq o@
fnod f.k mßfNdackh lsÍfï .=Kh" is;a
lrf.k hkafkuq¡ r:jdykj,ska msg lrk úi
fï rfÜ i;=ka fkdurd úoHdj bf.k .;
wfma cd;shg ñysÿ ud ysñmdKka jykafia
fkdßojd l;d lsÍfï .=Kh" ÿIK jxpd
jdhq ksid wfma jd;h wmsßisÿ lrkafkuq¡
fkdyelsh¡ i;=kag mK § Ôj;a lrjkq fjkqjg
jevuùfuka wjqreÿ oyia .Kkla bÈßhg hï
wmrdO wdÈfhka f;drùu ;sßika i;=kg"
fN!;sl mßirh jekiSfuka fkd kej;S Yío
wysxil ;sßika i;=ka we;s ±älr urdf.k
od¾Yks l m% d fhda . s l iy ixúOdkd;a u l
jDË,;d wdÈhg mjd isys nqoaêfhka hq;= j
úldYk hka ; % j ,s k a foa Y md,kh fõÈld
lEfï l%uhla o wo W.kajkq ,efí¡ i;=ka
mokula jegqfKa o iEu mqka fmdfidka fmdfyda
ie<lSu fï ish,a, wdOHd;añl W,am;ska .,d
foorjd mreI jpk ìKsfuka úIu o=woyia
udf.k lk l%Er ñksid ñksiqkg tu wkaoñka
ojilau wm fhdod .; hq;af;a" tu cd;sl
wd iodpdr c,Odrdfjda jQy¡
uqojd yeÍfuka wfma Ñ;a;dNHdjldYh o
ie,lSu mqÿuhla o@ mmqfõ f;;ukhla ke;s
mokï w¨;a lsÍug nj uf.a l,amkdjhs¡ ñysÿ
wdOHd;añl yd ioxpdr Ôú;hg ydks fkdjk
wmsßisÿ lr.kafkuq¡
ñksiqka w;r wmrdO jeäùu mqÿuhla fkdfõ¡
ud ysñhka f.a mshd wfYdal uydêrdchd ±yeñ
fia ;uka mßyrKh lrk ish¨ u foa;a"
fï úIu l%shdoduhkag m%;súfrdaê j wm úiska
ñys÷ udysñhkaf.a › ,xldj i;r ix.%y
uÕg t<UqfKA ksf.%daO idufKarhka jykafia
bka ø hka iekiùug m% f hda c khg .ka k d
ks¾udKd;aul l%shdoduhka uqojd yeßh hq;=h¡
jia;= u; ilia jQjls¡ j;auka wfma ,xldj
Ydka; j uy uÕ jäkq Èàfuks" i;a yeúßÈ
kegqï- .ehqï - jehqï - l,d - idys;H wd§
§m jHdma;j wrUd we;s oyï myk ±,aùfï
i;r w.;sh uq,a ù ixúOdkh jk nj fmfka¡
l=vd orefjl= f.a Ydka; úkh .rel nj ksid
ish¨ foa;a ixialD;sl wxYh yeáhg uu olsñ¡
jevigyk ñksiqka f.a is;ai;kaj, myka is;a
fuhg kdhl;ajh fokafka ñ;Hd oDIaál
pKavd fYdalfhla O¾udfYdalfhla úh¡
l=i.skafka fmf<k mjq,a w;r lsysm fofkla
Wmojd ú;a;dNHjldYh msßisÿ lsÍuls¡ fï"
foaYmd,k ixúOdk l%uhla jQ mË foaYmd,k
wfma f,dalh" wfma ckau N+ñh jQ › ,xldj wo
muKla Tjqka .ek fkd;ld iqfLdamfnda.S
f.hska f.g .ñka .ug me;srúh hq;a;ls¡
l%uh hs¡ ñksiqkaf.a is;a ;=< fn§ï we;s lsÍu"
pKav n,hg hg;aj ;sfí¡ ñksiqka f.a .uka
wdydr wkqNj flfr;a kï" ;uka wjg
tfukau jk j.dj" T!IO j.dj iajNdj
ta ksid we;s jk oafõYh úúO wkaoñka uqjy;a
ìuka l;d ny wd§ p¾hdj, fkd±uqKq njla
Ôj;ajkakjqka w|skakg we÷ula ke;slñka
oyug Tfrd;a ; = fok úÈfha n,Yla ; s
lsÍu tla lKavdhula úiska ;j;a lKavdhul
pKav njla olakg ,efí¡ ishÈú kid .ekSï"
isák w;r iqfLdamfNda.S we÷ï i|yd úYd,
mdúÉÑh wdÈh o wfma ud¾.fha wx. úh hq;=
ìh we;s lsÍu iy fuu Pkao" oafõY" Nh uq,a
ßh wk;=re" odußl l%shd wmrdOj, jeäùula
jYfhka úhoï flfr;a kï" wjg ñksiqka
h¡
fldg ;u mË ;=< ish¨u i;Hh we;s nj;a"
ñila wvqùula fmfkkakg ke;¡ wfma orejkag
me,am;aj, Ôj;a jkafka kï ta mßirfha
fï fmdfidka fmdaod" îug msßisÿ c,h wi,l
wka wh ;=< lsisu i:Hhla ke;s nj;a wd§
ksfrdaO idufKarhka jykafia f.a l;dj lshd §
hfula Tjqka .ek fkd;ld ud<s.d jeks f.j,a
ke;s oyia .Kka wm rfÜ Ôj;ajk mjq,a .ek
fudav ixl,amkd /ila tla;ekaùu fyj;a
orejka f.a úkh ;=<ska u jeäysáhka f.a úkh
io;a kï Tjqyq tu ixialD;shg wh;a yeáhg
Okn, iún, we;af;da is;sh hq;af;dah¡ wvqu
fudayh ixúOdkh ùula foaYmd,k mË j,ska
.rel nj we;s ls Í u i|yd wêIa G dk
uu .Kka fkd.ksñ¡ ukao Tjqka wdOHd;añl
jYfhka ÿmam;a .ulg fmdÿ <s|la lmd §ug"
is ÿ fõ¡ iudcfha is ÿ jk iEu mdmldÍ
lr.ekSug fmdfidka oji uyÕ= Èkhls¡
iodpdr idrO¾u wu;l fldg we;s ksidh¡
ÿmam;a mjq,lg ksjykla idod §ug" ÿmam;a
ls%hdjlgu fuu úIu l%uh uq,a jQfha fõ¡
wm iudch bÈßfha uq,ska u O¾uoaùm wruqKla
wfma rfÜ u;a m eka " u;a ø jH" iQ ÿ j wd§
orejl= f.a wOHdmkhg w;§ug wêIaGdk
wkq n q ÿ ys ñ hka foa j dkï ms h ;s i a i uy
OdkHd.dr wruqKla wfma ixj¾Ok b,lal
kdia;sldrlïj, fhfok wh fukau wkqka
lr.; hq;af;dah¡
rc;=udf.a ud¾.fhka Èh;a fldg miqj ,laÈj
yeáhg ms<s.ekqfKa fmdfidka fmda ojil wm
.ek fkd;ld ;uka .ek muKla is;d iem
isxy, cd;sh fjkqfjka fou< cd;sh fjkqfjka
rcl< fiiq ±yeñ rcjreka úiska uyd ix>hd
cd;sh ,;a kj Wm; ksidh¡ O¾uoaùm wruqK
jykafiaf.a Wmfoia mßÈ ÈhqKq l< O¾uoaùm
úyrKfhka Ôj;a jk wh o wkqkq ;=< my;a
b;d Woafõ.j;a j l;d lrk wo jeks hq.hl
kï wdOHd;a ñ l iodpdr yd ixia l D;s l
reÑka Wmojd wiNH m; fmd;" Ñ;%mg ksmojd
fmdÿfõ fkdyels kï ;ud whs;s j¾.hdf.a
OdkHd.dr ud¾.hg kej; jrla wfma iudch
idrO¾u mokul isg lghq;= lsÍu jk w;r
uqo,a .rk wh o wm ixialD;shg y;=relï
j;a wvq¨yq~lï fidhd Woú ùu we;s wh f.a
fhduq lsÍug wêIaGdk lr.; fyd;a fï
OdkHd.dr wruqK kï" tu idrO¾uj,g
lrk wh yeáhg uu i,lñ¡
hq ; =luls ¡ fufia we;s wh hehs is ; +
fmdfidka mqka fmdaod wkqnqÿ ysñhka ienE f,i
mgyeks fkdjk fia idudðl wd¾Ól iy
ñys ÿ udys ñ hka wmg ,ndÿka Wreuh
› ,xldfõ fj<| iud.ï ;=kaishl muK
jkaokd l<d fkdfõ o@
foaYmd,ksl Ôú;h yev.id .ekSuhs¡
/flka f ka ir, pdï Èúfmfj;lg wm
wOHËljrekag jev fldgila ndr .kakd
wdpd¾h ta¡ à¡ wdßhr;ak i¾fjdaoh 14
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jHdhduh iy úY%duh
dÍßl fi!LHdrËKh msKsi jHdhduh iy úY%duh bjy,a jk nj ms<s.ekSug yel¡ iqÿiq mrÈ jHdhdufhys fkdfh§fuka YÍrfha we;eï fldgia laIhù wm%dKsl úh yelsh¡ w;l wdndOhla ksid th ;djld,slj l%shdúrys; jk fia me,eia;r oud uilg miq me,eia;rh bj;a l< úg wf;a udxY fmaYSkaf.a laIhùu ksid Yla;sh msßySula we;sfõ¡ ta wf;a m%lD;s ;;a;ajh kej; we;s fjkafka th l%shdfjys fh§fuka miqjh¡ fud<h jQjo ksis mßÈ jHdhdufhys fkdfhoùu tys j¾Okhg ndOdjls¡ jHdhduh fukau úY%duh o iqÿiq mßÈ fkd,eîfuka YÍrhg ydks isÿúh yelsh¡ YÍrh iy fud<h fjfyiSfuka úvdjg m;ajQ miq úY%duh iy kskao wjYHh¡ jHdhduh mqrd;k ukqIHhkaf.a Ôú;h .ek i<ld n,k úg Tjqkag wjYH m%udK jHdhduhla ks;ru ,enqK nj wikakg ,efí¡ i;=ka ovhï lsÍfï § o OdkH j¾." t<j¿ wdÈh j.d lsÍfuka o Tjqkag fndfyda fihska YÍrh fjfyiSug isÿúh¡ tfy;a ful, Ôj;ajk fndfydafokdg jHdhduhla ,efnkafka l,d;=rlska neúka iqÿiq mßÈ udxY fmaYSka l%shdlrùu msKsi YdÍßl jHdhdufhys fhÈh hq ; = nj úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;= lreKls¡ jHdhdufhka we;s m%fhdack 1. udxY fmaYskaf.a Yla;sh we;s lsÍu 2. udxY fma Y S k a myiq f jka l% s h d lrkakg ie,eiaùu jHdhduh yd reêr ixirKh hfula jHdhdufhys fh§ isák l< Tyqf.a $ wehf.a yDo iamkaok fõ.h jeäjk neúka reêr ixirKh YS>% fõ¡ fuu fya;=fjka fmkye,s j,ska iy fmaYSkaf.ka
ldnkavfhdlaihsâ myiqfjka msgù ta fjkqjg Tlaiscka meñfKhs¡ fmaYskaf.a jHdhdufhka tajd ;=< WmÈk ksYaM, øjHfhda o reêr ixirKh ÈhqKq ùu ksid myiqfjka msgù h;s¡ jHdhdufhka yDofha iEu ixflda p khl§u ms f jk reêr m%udKh jeäfõ¡ reêr ixirKh fõ.j;a ù u ms K s i ma,sydfjka jeämqr ,nd.kakd reêrh lrKfldg f.k reêrjdys k S ;=< ixirKh jk reêr m%udKh o jeä fjhs¡ fmaYSka ;=< idudkHfhka yels,S mj;sk lDY,l jeä jQ reêr m%udKh wvq lr .ekSu msKsi úia;drKh fõ¡ fmaYSkaf.a
l%shdlsÍfuka we;sjk iajik fõ.h ksid Ysrd uÕska reêrh yDoh lrd meñKsu o blauka fõ¡ jHdhduh lrKfldgf.k reêr ixirKfha we;s jk fjkialïj, iïmQ¾K m%fhdackh kï l%shdfjys fh§ we;s fmaYSkag ukdfia Tlaiscka iemhSu nj ñka meyeÈ,sh¡ tfy;a fuu ld¾h ksis mßÈ isÿjkafka fmye,sj, ls%hdldÍ;ajh o fõ.j;a jQjfyd;a muKs¡ fhda.H mßÈ jHdhdufhys fh§fuka my; ±lafjk ld¾hhka isÿfj;s¡ 1. YdÍßl bkaøshkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh úêu;a ùu 2. fmaYSkaf.a Yla;sh iy ;dkh ÈhqKq ùu 3. iakdhq moaO;sh m%fndaOu;a ùu¡ 4. wdydr reÑh we;sùu¡ 5. wdydr Ô¾Kh myiqùu 6. nvje,a iy jl=.vq ukdfia l%shd lsÍu¡ 7. úêu;a whqßka u<uq;%dÈh myùu¡
hq;=h¡ ,smslrefjl= fuka ld¾hd,hl kshqla;ù isák mqoa.,fhla úfkdaoh msKsi t<s u yfka ld,h .; ls Í u iq ÿ iq h ¡ yqol,dj iajlSh lghq;=j, kshqla;j is á k wfhla ñ;% h ka iuÕ ia j ,a m fõ,djla jQjo" úfkdao iqjh N=la;s ú|Sug wjYHh¡ ix.S ; h kegq ï wd§ l,d Ys,amhkays fh§fuka o fudfyd;lg fyda úfkdaofhka .; lsÍu hym;ah¡
kskao #wm ksok úg YdÍßl bkaøShhka l%shd
wkqj muKla T!IO Ndú;d l< hq;=h¡ ffjoH Wmfoia j,ska f;drj T!IO Ndú;d lsÍu b;du wk;=reodhlh¡ udrdka;sl ;;a;ajhg m;ajk wjia:d o wikakg ,eî ;sfí¡ fuhska we;súh yels ;j;a n,j;a ydkshla kï tu T!IO j¾. fkdue;sj ksod.eKsug kqmq¿jka ùu muKla fkdj tajd úI ùfuka w;=re wdndO o we;súh yel¡ ksÈu; .;sh je<elaúug fyda th u¾okh lsÍug fyda lsisÿ T!IOhla Ndú;d fkdl< hq;=h¡ jDË,;dj, jeãug fl,skau m;s;jk
úY%duh YÍrhg jHdhduh fuka u úY% d uh o w;HjYHh¡ rd;%S ld,fha § kskao" Èjd ld,fha § iq¿ úfõlhka o YÍrhg wjYH fõ¡ fuh YÍr fi!LHhg ufydamldÍ fõ¡ úY%dufha kshu m%fhdack ,eîug kï th iïmQ¾K úY%duhla úh hq;=h¡ iuyr mqoa.,fhla ;ukaf.a ld¾hhkays fh§ isák w;ru iq¿ úfõlhla N=la;s ú|Sug mq r eÿj is á ;s ¡ tfy;a fuh iïmq ¾ K úfõlhla fkdjk w;ru ;uka f .a ld¾hhkago ndOdjla jkafka h¡ tneúka hï ld¾hhl fh§ isák úg iïmq¾K tys fh§fuka th wjika jQ miqj iïmq¾K úfõl iqjh N=la;s ú|Sula l< hq;=h¡ Èkm;d jefvys fhfokafkda ;ukaf.a YÍrfha fmaYS" ikaê wdÈhg iqÿiq mßÈ úfõlh ,eîu msKsi myiqjk fia iem mqgqjl ydlaisù fyda we|l ydkais ù iïmq¾K úfõl iqjh N=la;s ú|sh hq;=h¡ mqrdK ld,fha mgka i;shlg jrla §¾> úfõlhla N=la;s ú|Sug ukqIHhka mqreÿ ù isá nj wm ljqre;a oks;s¡ ±kqÿ i;sfha bre Èkhkays § fyda fmda h Èkhka y S fndfyda mqoa.,fhda ;ukaf.a mqreÿ ld¾hhka j , ks h e,S is á ;s ¡ úY% d u .ks ñ ka o wd.ñl lghq;=j, fh§fuka o ld,h .; lr;s¡ fmdah Èkhkays § is,a .ekSfuka fyda fjk;a wd.ñl lghq;= lsÍfuka fyda i;s h lg jrla iïmQ ¾ K úY%duhla ,nd .; yelsh¡ i;shlg jrla fufia .; yels iïmq¾K úY%duh" YdÍßl jYfhka o" udkisl jYfhka o wdOHd;añl jYfhka o b;d w.fkah¡ fï yer ;ukaf.a /lS rlaId iïnka O fhka ks ; ru fjfyfika f kda uilg jrlaj;a §¾> úrduhla ,eìh hq;=h¡
úfkdaoh #Èkm;d iq¿ ld,hla jqjo úfkdaod;aul l%shdjkays fh§fuka YdÍßl yd udkisl m% f nda O h we;s lr.; yels h ¡ fï úfkdaod;aul l%shdfjys fh§fuka YdÍßl iy udkisl m%fndaOh we;slr .; yelsh¡ fï úfkda o d;a u l l% s h djka ;uka f .a rdcldÍ ;;a;ajh wkqj yev.iajd .;
lrkafka u| jYfhks¡ kdä fõ.h" YÍßl W!IaKh" reêr mSvkh" iajik fõ.h wm ksok l< wvq fõ¡ tfy;a oyäh jykh jeäfõ¡ wdydr Èrùu jeks ld¾hhka idudkH mßÈ isÿfõ¡ kskafoa§ YÍrfha fndfyda bkaøShkag úfõl iqjh ,eîu muKla fkdj tajdfha jeãu o w¿;a jeähdj o isÿlsÍu we;s fõ¡ <uhskaf.a jeãu fndfyda ÿrg isÿjkafka Tjqka ksok l,h¡ Ôj úoHdj wkqj n,k l< kskao l%shdúrys; ;;a;ajhla fkdj YÍrhg fnfyúkau wjYH ls%hdjla nj fmkS hhs¡ jd;h" c,h" wdydr wdodh fukau kskao o fi!LH wdrËd lr.ekSu msKsi wjYH nj ie,lsh hq;= lreKls¡ ksÈueÍfuka we;súh yels m%;sM,
blaukska fldamh we;sfõ¡ fofk;aj, oDIAÀh ySkùu fjfyi wêl f,i ±kSu
ksÈueÍfï § Yla;sh tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a YdÍßl iajNdjh wkqj fjkia fõ¡ tfy;a idudkHfhka i,ld n,k l< ksÈueÍfuka by; i|yka m%;sM, we;s úh yelsh¡ kskao wjYH m%udKh rod mj;skafka tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a YdÍßl fi!LH iajNdjh wkqjh¡ idudkHfhka fyd|ska jeä we;s mqoa.,fhl=g kskao meh wgla muK wjYHh fõ¡ fuhs k a meyeÈ,s jka f ka ojfika ;=fkka fldgila muK kskaog ld,h .; l< hq;= njhs¡ tfy;a <uqkag fuhg jvd kskao wjYH njg úfYaIfhka f;areï.; hq;=h¡ w¿; Wmka orefjla ojig meh 18 la muK ksod.kshs¡ iqjfia ksod.ekSu i|yd w÷r;a ksYaYío;djh;a isis,i;a b;d jeo.;ah¡ tfyhska wm ish¨fokdgu fuu lreKq tlfia wjYH fkdfõ¡ ksod.ekSu myiqjk msKsi fyda ksÈu; .;sh we;slr .ekSu msKsi ffjoH Wmfoia
iq¾hdf,dalh wjYH kuq;a ukqIHhd tfia fkdfõ¡ tfy;a iQ¾hdf,dalh ukqIHhdf.a fi!LH msKsi ufydamldÍ fõ¡ ,xldfõ jeks WIaK rgj, jdih lrk ñksiqkag iq ¾ hdf,da l h b;d myiq f jka ,efnk neúka Tjqyq th t;rï uyÕ= fohla fia fkdi,l;s¡ tfy;a YS; rgj, jdih lrk whg iq¾hdf,dalh b;d w.kd jia;=jls¡ iQ¾h rYañfha WKqiqu we;sjkafka tys wvx.= wjrla; rYañh ksidh¡ úÿ,sfhys o fuu rYa ñ h wka ; ¾.; fõ¡ iuyr frda.j,g m%;sldrhla jYfhka wjrla; rYañh fhdokq ,efí¡ mdrcïnq, rYañh Wrd.kakd YÍrfha mglhka y s ridhks l l% s h d we;s fõ¡ ukqIHdf.a ifuys wvx.= —iafgfrda,aia˜ keu;s fïouh øjH mdrcïnq, rYañh lrKfldg f.k úgñka “D” njg mßj¾;kh fõ¡ ifuys /iajkakdjQ fuh YÍrfha m%fhdackh msKsi l%ufhka .kq ,efí¡ l=vd <uqkaf.a weg iy o;a jeãu msKsi úgñka “D” wjYH nj wms oksuq¡ fuh fkdue;s ùfuka Tjq k a g wia Ó úlD;s frda.h kï W!k;d frda.hla je<|sh yelsh¡ mdrcïnq, rYañh lrKfldg f.k fmaYSkaf.a ixfldapkh we;sfõ¡ ;j o th jd;fhys iy c,fhys wvx.= úIîc úkdY lsÍfuys oË;djhla o mj;shs¡ fuys§ fndfyda ÿrg úia;r lrk ,o f;dr;=re wkqj úfõlh ,nd .ekSu i|yd t<suyk o fndfyda fia iqÿiq nj lsj hq;=h¡ úêu;a whqfrka ,nd .kakd úY%duhg ksjerÈ f,iska úfõlh ,nd ksfrda.s iqjfhka ld,h .; lruq¡ i¾fjdaoh iqjfi; fmdaIK uOHia:dkfha
fyÈ- à¡ tï¡ bkaÈld
i¾fjdaoh
15
uehs 24 isg uehs 27 uykqjr § rgj,a 09 l m%Odk;ajfhka mej;s cd;Hka;r wdishdkq ;reK flakaøfha 9 jk iuq¿fõ úfYAI wjia:d
uehs 24 isg uehs 27 uykqjr § › ,xldj" nx.,dfoaYh" lekvdj" cmdkh" ;dhs,ka;h" bkaÈhdj" fkamd,h" mdlsia;dkh" uef,aishdj hk rgj, m%Odk;ajfhka cd;Hka;r wdishdkq ;reK flakaøfha 9 jk iuq¿j meje;aúh¡ fï i|yd m%Odk wuq;a;d jYfhka uOHu m<d;a uy weu;s ir;a talkdhl uy;d iyNd.S úh¡
i¾fjdaofha mjq, úiska 6jk jrg;a mj;ajkq ,nk u[af[dalald okai, fujr;a i¾fjdao uq,ia:dkfha meje;ajqKs
Design & Edit By Charith Karunanayake 077 621 35 46
;%sl=Kdu,fha <ud l|jqf¾ PdhdrEm lsysmhla
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