Sarvodaya Newspaper_May

i¾fjdaoh

.ñka .ug hñka ieug fiajh lruq 2013 uehs l,dmfha $ 56 jk ldKavh $ 12 jk m;%h $ ñ, re 35$mqj;am;la jYfhka YS% ,xldfõ ,shdmosxÑ lrk ,oS

w;yer,d hkak kï nE.uy;a;fhda ula ;=< iñ;shla msysgqùu yß f,aishs· kuq;a ta iñ;sh f.dvk.kak yß wudrehs¡ f.dvkeÕSu l%uj;aj bÈßhg f.k hkak Bg;a jeäh wudrehs¡ .u ;=< bkafka fkdfhl=;a woyia ork ñksiaiq· ldka;djka fyda fõjd msßñka fyda fõjd yeu wfhlau úúOhs· .Ekq tlaflkd Kh .kak tl msßñ flkd okafka kE¡ Kh §fï§ tfyu m%Yak jqKd· 11 msgqj

we;=`M msgq

úÿ,s ìf,a hqoaOh - msgqj 6

w;S; jdß ;dCIKh - msgqj 3 wï;d ñ;%r;ak

^iNdm;sks- w¿fndauq,a, i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;sh&

mdkSh c, myiqlï imhk i¾fjdaoh JAFS jHdmD;sh i¾fjdaoh u.ska l%shd;aul jk

orejd iy uõlsß - msgqj 8

JAFS jHdmD;shg iu.dój fï jk úg wkqrdOmqr" r;akmqr" lE.,a," wïmdr" ud;f,a" fudKrd., hk Èia ; % s l a l hka y s <s x bÈfjñka mj;shs¡

uõjrekaf.a yd orejkaf.a fi!LH idhkh lsrdka j,§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ uõjrekaf.a yd <orejkaf.a fi!LH fmdaIKh iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul jk i¾fjdaoh Tdh jHdmD;shg wod<j uõjrekaf.a yd orejkaf.a fi!LH msßlaiSfï idhkhla 2013¡04¡24 jk Èk uvl<mqj Èia;%slalfha lsrdka m%foaYfha meje;aúKs¡ fï hgf;a tu m%foaYfha jhi wjq 5 g wvq

11 msgqj

i¾fjdaoh <ud l|jqr ;%sl=Kdu,fha§¡ ¡ ¡

i¾fjdaoh <ud m%j¾Ok wxYh uÕska SWS jHdmD;sh hgf;a <ud l|jqrla uehs ui 12 jk Èk ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%sla uOHia:dkfha § meje;aùug kshñ;h¡ wkd.; m%cdj ;=< iduh yd iyÔjkh f.dvkxjñka ;u hq;=lï yd j.lSï jgyd.;a wkd.; mrmqrla we;s lsÍu 10 msgqj

oshjeähdj - msgqj 5

i¾fjdaofha m%n, l%shdldßlfhl=f.a fjkaj hdu

bkaoshdfõ i¾fjdaoh jHmdrfha m%Odkshd jYfhka lghq;= l< wêkS;s{ tï¡ udßhmamka uy;d 2013¡04¡29 jk Èk wNjm%dma; úh¡

—úl,am wd¾Ól l%uhg msúisfï m%Odk fodrgqj foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.uhs˜ iSäia wdh;kfha iNdm;s ohd uq;= l=udrK uy;d

i¾fjdaoh foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.fï (DDFC) kS;suh miqìu iy l%fudamdhka ms<sn| foaYkhla" nexl= lghq;= yd uq,H lghq;= ms<sn| cd;Hka;r úfYaI{fhl= jQ wdpd¾h úl%u ùriQßh uy;df.a m%Odk;ajfhka 2013 wfma%,a 05 jk isl=rdod WoEik 11¡00 g i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkfha úYaj iudê iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ§ meje;aúKs¡ 11 msgqj

10 msgqj

ßh wk;=rlos jkaos .kafka flfiao msgqj 7

2013 - f,dal c, oskh ksñ;sfldg f.k y;r,sheoao m%dfoaYslfha ,sola m%;sixialrKhg 04 msgqj

ksod.kakd ldurj, ?g u,a fmdaÉÑ ;nd.ekSu fyd| keoao@ - msgqj 2

fi!LH whs;sfha wdrËdj i|yd

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iq.sh jljdkqj ;=< wm úiska ish¨u fi!LH o;a;hkaf.a ch.%yKhka ,nd.kq ,enqfõ ksoyia fiajdfõ m%;sM,hla f,isks¡ tfukau ta i|yd ksoyia wOHdmkh fukau wdydr i|yd ,enqKq iykdOdr mx.=ldrhka úh¡ fuu whs;sjdislï › ,xflah ckhd úiska Èkd.kq ,enqfõ wêrdcHjd§ka úiska rg wdKavq lrkq ,enq ld,fha njo wu;l fkdl< hq;af;ah¡ fuu whs;Ska › ,xld jdiSka ;=<ska .s,sfykak .s,sfykak fi!LH ;;a;ajhkao msßySug ,lajQ nj fkdryils¡ ksoyi ,eîfuka miqj 1977 olajd f.k hk ,o iqNidOl wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sfha mj;skq ,nk rchka w;yer ±óu fuu msßySug uQ, idOlh jQ nj fkdryils¡ úfYaIfhkau 1980 .Kkaj, werUqKQ fi!LH fiajdfõ fm!oa.,SlrKh msßyqkq fi!LH fiajdjla we;s lsÍug m%n,;u idOlhla úh¡ ta ksidfjka fi!LH fiajdfjka 50] lg;a jvd fi!LH fiajdjka ,eîug ck;djg n, fldg we;af;a fm!oa.,sl fi!LH fiajdfjkah¡ fuu o;a; lsisÿ ysßls;lska f;drj rch bÈßm;a lsÍug rdcH yd fi!LH fiajdjka w;r mj;sk iïnkaOfha msßisÿ iajNdjh fmkakqï lrkq ,nkakla fjhs¡ rdcH fiajdfõ fhfok ffjoHjrekag wfkl=;a fiajdjkago fm!oa.,sl fiajdfõ fh§ug wjir§u fuu msßySug fya;= idOl úh¡ rdcH fiajhg jvd fm!oa.,sl fiajdfjka ,nd.; yels uQ,Huh jdis fï i|yd n,mdkq ,eîh¡ tfyhska fi!LH fiajdj fukau fi!LH wdh;kfhys mßmd,khg o w;aù we;af;a fÄockl ;;a;ajhlah¡ T!IO ysÕh" fiajl ysÕh" fukau wdïmkak ysÕhg fuho m%n, idOlhla úh¡ j¾;udkfha fi!LH fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,s lsÍug lsisÿ wgqjdàld wjYH fkdfõ¡ ta i|yd fndfyda idOl Èkm;du wm w;g m;afjñka mj;shs¡ fi!LH fiajdj mßfNdack fj<| NdKavhla njg m;afjñka mj;sk w;r tys fj<| ksfhdað;hka njg uyck fi!LH mÍËljre" mjq,a fi!LH fiaúldjka yd fi!LH ffjoH ks,Odßka m;aù we;¡ tneúka ngysr ffjoH fË;%fha taldêldrhg Yla;sh imhk ikaksfõok cd,fha fmr.ukalrejka njg Wla; ks,OdÍka m;aù ;sfí¡ ta ksidu iajfoaYSh ffjoH fiajdjka mSvkhg yd fldkalsÍug ,laj we;s w;ru ffjoH ks,OdÍjdoh wksl=;a fi!LH fiajdjka u; n,y;aldrh msysgqjd l%shd;aul fjñka mj;shs¡ by; i|yka lreKq fya;=fldg f.k iajfoaYS ffjoH fiajdjka Èhlr yeÍug rdcH ;ka;%h;a fi!LH fomd¾;fïka;=j;a wjYH miqìu ilia lrñka isáhs¡ tfukau fi!LH wOHdmk fiajhg fukau ffjoH fiajhg odhljk fi!LH wOHdmk úfYaI fiajdjlao iyldr ffjoH fiajho" j;= ffjoH iyldr fiajhgo ;s; ;eîug ks,Odßjdoh Yla;su;a ù ;sfí¡ oka; Ñls;aidjgo w;ajkafka fuhuh¡ ck;djd§ fi!LH fiajdjla i|yd 1978 § fi!LH ixúOdkh úiska wrUk ,o m%d:ñl fi!LH ixrËK jevigyk kdu mqjrejlg muKla iSud fldg ;sfí¡ m%d:ñl fi!LH fiajdfõ uq,O¾u f,i i,lk nyq md¾Yùh fi!LH i;aldrh" WÑ; ;dËKh" iajYla;sh¡ ixúOdkh" m%fõYh" iudkd;au;djh" m%cd iyNd.S;ajh iy iudc idOdrK;ajh uq¿ukskau wu;l fldg we;¡ Bg m%;súreoaOj fm!oa.,sl fiajdfõ odhl;ajh iïnkaOj iqkaor .S .dhkdjlg fi!LH fiajdj m;afldg ;sfí¡ Èfkka Èk msßfyk fi!LH fiajdj ksidu fmdfydif;l=g tla fiajdjlao ÿmam;=kag ;j;a fiajdjlao Wreufldg § ;sfí¡ T!IO m%;sm;a;shla f.k tau óg ms<shula fkdfõ¡ th yqÿ udhdjla muKla jkq we;¡ Okm;s wd¾Ólh ;=< w;HjYH T!IO ck;dj w;g m;al< yelshehs is;kafka kï th uq,djla muKs¡ idOdrKjQ;a iudkjQ;a fi!LH fiajdjka wm ,nd.; yels tlu ud¾.h njg m;aj we;af;a m<uqfldg fi!LH whs;sh wdKavql%u jHjia:djkag we;=<;a fldg m%Odk udkj whs;shla f,i ms<s.ekSuh¡ th mj;sk rchkaf.a m%uqL fiajdjla njg m;alr,sh yelsjkafka ta u.ska muKhs¡ ck;d fi!LH whs;ska iq/lSu i|yd f,dj rgj,a 96 m%uqLj f.dvkef`.k ck;d fi!LH jHdmdrh fï i|yd f.k hk Woaf>daIKh Yla;su;a l< hq;=h¡ › ,xldj ;=< ck;d fi!LH ixioh tu Woaf>daIKhg yjq,a ù isáhs¡ ta i|yd › ,xldfõ wdKavql%u jHjia:djkag we;=¿ lsÍu i|yd ck;d fi!LH ixioh u.ska b,a,d isákq ,nk j.ka;sh fufiah¡ —iEu mqrjeishl= ygu ;ukag je<fok frda.hla fyda wdndOhla i|yd rcfha úhoñka m%;sldr ,nd .ekSugo" fnda fkdjk frda. iy wdndO j,ld .ekSu i|yd wjYH;u ksjdrK iy WmfoaYk fiajd .=Kd;aulj iy idOdrKj mj;ajd .ekSug ish¨u mqrjeishkag uQ,sl whs;shla we;s nj fuhska jHjia:dms; lrkq ,ef혡 isßu,a mSßia ck;d fi!LH ixioh

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—ksod.kakd ldurj, u,ame, ysgjmq u,afmdÉÑ ;shd.kak fyd| kE¡¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡˜ hkqfjka mjik l;dj Tn;a ks;r wid we;s¡

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;S;fha f.j,aj, ueo id,fh;a ksod.kakd ldurj,;a u,afmdÉÑ ;shd.ekSfï isß;la ;snqKd¡ oj,a ld,fha Ydl tkï .yfld< wdydr ksmojd .kakjd¡ túg jd;fha ;sfhk wmg wm%fhdackj;a ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj wrf.k Tlaiscka jdhqj msglrkjd¡ fï jdhqj wmg wdYajdi lrkak b;du;a jeo.;a jdhqjla¡ rd;%s ld,fha§ Ydl wdydr ksmojkafka kE¡ tajd Tlaiscka jdhqj ,ndf.k ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj msglrkjd¡ tksid rd;%sfha ldurj, ksod isák whg fuu jdhqj wdYajdi lsßug fyd| keye¡ rd;%s ld,fha§ l=mams ,dïmq m;a;= lrf.k ksod.kak fyd| ke;ehs mjikafkao tksidh¡ N+ñf;,a .sks.ekSug Tlaiscka jdhqj wjYHhs¡ ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj ta u.ska msg lrkjd¡ oyj,a ld,fha§ Ydl j,ska wmg lrkqfha úYd, fiajhls¡ fndfyda wh fmd;a" mqj;am;a lshjkak .iaj,g ke.,d ,e,a,la od,d mqgqjla jf.a yodf.k bkakjd¡ fuys§ wm m%dYajdi jd;fhka msglrk ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqj Ydl Wrd .kakd w;r wmg wdYajdi lsÍug wjYH Tlaiscka jdhqj fokjd¡ ta ú;rla fkdfõ Ydl m;% fyj;a fld<j, ;sfhk yß;m%o u.ska ysre wdf,dalh Wrd.kakjd¡ thska wmg isis,ila yd fijKla ,efnkjd¡ oj,a ld,hg m;%j, ;sfhk mqáld kï isÿre j,ska c, jdIam msglrkjd¡ thska .i hg isis,a mßirhla we;s lrkjd¡ th yßhg j;=r ìola úiqrejd yßkjd jf.a ls%hdjla¡ ta ksid wfma YÍrhg iykhla ,efnkjd¡ Ydl j,ska ¥ú,s jeksfoa Wrd.kakjd¡ thska mßirhg jd;h msßisÿ lsÍug fuh Woúfjkjd¡ tmuKla fkdfõ Yío mjd Ydlj,g Wrd.kq ,nkjd¡ tksid Ydl msß ;sfnk m%foaYhl hula wmg ±fkkjd¡ .ia fma,S jYfhka isgqjd we;s ud¾.hl .uka lrkafkl=g tau .ia háka hk úg YÍrhg ±fkk isis,i ys;g ±fkk i;=g fldmuKo lshd ksu l< fkdyels¡ tl Ydlhla lmk fldg ;j;a Ydl folla ysgjkak lsh,d lshkafka fukak fï ksihs¡ Ydl j,ska wmg wdydr ,ndfokjd¡ iq¾hhdf.a Yla;sh wdydr njg yrjkak mq¿jka tlu c.;d Ydlhs¡ b;ska Ydl ke;sj .sfhd;a uq,skau Ydl i;a;= uefrkjd¡ Bg miafia Ydl iy i;a;= lk wm iEufokdu l=i.skafka ñh hkjd¡ óg jir lsysmhlg fmr fldá ;%ia;jd§ka le,Efõ ie.ù isáh§ Tjqka w,a,d .ekSfï l%uhla fhdackd lrkakehs tjlg ysgmq kdhlhd m%ldY l<d¡ túg tla ;eke;af;la l< m%ldYh mqj;am;aj, uq,a msgqfõ úYd, wl=ßka m<jqKd¡ Tyq lSfõ fldáka w,a,d .ekSug uq¿ jkdka;rhu t<slrk f,ihs¡ kuq;a jkdka;r t<s lf<d;a fldá ú;rla fkdfõ wm;a úkdYù hk nj Tyqg wjfndaO fkdùh¡ Ydl j,ska c, jdIam msg lrk ksid jdhqf.da,hg c,jdIam tl;=fj,d jeiai we;s lrkjd¡ b;ska jeiai ke;sfjkjd¡ .yfld< ksid fmd<fõ úh<Shdu wvq lrkjd¡ W,am;a is|Shdu wju lrkjd¡ mia wxY= tlg uq,aj,ska w,a,d .kakd ksid fidaod md¿j Ydlhg isÿfkdfõ¡ fufia i,ld ne,Sfï§ fmkShkafka Ydl úiska wfma Ôú;hg yd mßirhg lrkq ,nk fufyh wkka;hs wm%udKhs¡ ta ksid yels;dla Ydl jeùug;a ;sfnk Ydl fírd.ekSug;a wms W;aidyd l<hq;= njhs¡

fcdaima veksh,a l=f¾ úoHd úfYaI mqyqKq

i¾fjdaoh iñ;s ixj;air /iaùï fika fika ksfhdað; lKavdhu i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;s jHjia:djg wkql+,j 2012-2013 j¾Ihkag wod<j i¾fjdaoh iñ;s ixj;air /iaùï meje;aùug yd tys jd¾;djka iud.ï frðiagd¾;=uka fj; heùu iïnka O fhka is h ¨u i¾fjda o h i ñ ; s j , y d m < d ; a iïnka ë ldrljreka g yd ks h uq fiajlhkag okajd heùug lghq;= ie,iqï flf¾¡

i¾fjdaoh u.ska l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk fika fika jHdmD;sfha wëËK lghq;= yd jHdmD;sh i|yd iyNd.sùug jd¾Islj furgg meñfKk fikafika cmka ksfhdað; lKavdhu uehs ui 25 jk Èk furgg meñKsug kshñ;h¡ 25 jk Èk isg 31 jk Èk olajd furg ;=< /§ isáug fuu ksfhdað; lKavdhu wfmaËs;h¡ fuu lKavdhu úiska kqjrt<sh Èia;%slalfha jevigyka wëËKh lsÍug wfmaËd lrk w;r tu Èia;%slalhkays meje;aùug kshñ; Y%uodk l|jqre i|yd o iyNd.S ùug kshñ;h¡

i¾fjdaoh

2

› ,dxflah w;S; jdß ;dËKfha úYsIag;ajh

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,dj fndfydauhla YsIagdpdr c,h uq,sl lr.ksñka wdrïN jQj;a ta fndfydauhla mdfya we;af;a b;d ir, yd m%d:ñl uÜgfï c, mßjyk l%ufõohls¡ kuq;a ,dxflah YsIagdpdrh ;=< th l%u l%ufhka j¾Okh ù b;d ÈhqKq uÜgulg <Õd jQ ;;a;ajhla ±l .; yelsh¡ úfYaIfhka th f,dj fld;ekl fyda ±l.; fkdyels jk wka o fï is x y,hkg wkkH jQ tfuka u ta ks i dfjka u f,dalhdf.a wjOdkhg md;% jQjls¡ w;S; jdß ;dËKh we;eï úg kQ;k wmgo úYauh okjkakla jk neõ we;eï ks¾udK wmg mila lrhs¡

f,da l fha bmerKs Ys I a g dpdrhka ish,a,lau mdfya fukau ,xldfjyso ckdjdi wdrïNh;a iuÕ c,h hkak jeo.;a wjYH;djhla jQfhka" c,dY%s;j tu YsIagdpdr ìys úh¡ úfYaIfhka ,xldfõ isÿjQ uq,au wd¾hh ixl%uKh jk úchf.a ixl%uKfha isg iEu ixl%uKslfhlau ;u ckdjdi ìyslr.;af;a .x.d¡ ksïk wdYs%;jh¡ tkï w¾hhka úiska werô bmerKs wd¾hh ckmo jk wkq r dO .% d u" Wm;siai .%du" úð; .%du" Wrefj, ckmoh" §>dhq" l;r.u" i÷ka.u" ud.u" rduf.dKak" l,HdKs jeks ckmo u,aj;= Th" l,d Th" ±ÿre Th" uyje,s .Õ" .,a Th" l=Tqlalka Th" ueKsla .Õ" lsß|s Th" j,fõ .Õ" le<Ks .Õ hk .x.d ñáhdj;a wdY%s;j msysgd ;sfí¡ úh<s l,dmfha .x.d ñáhdj;a wdY%s;j ckmo msysgjQ wd¾hhkag ck.ykfha j¾Okh;a iuÕ wdydr ksIamdokh jeä lsÍug isÿùu ksid Tjqka úh<s l,dmfhka rg ;=<g ixl%uKh jQy¡ tfia úh<s l,dmfhka rg ;= < g ixl%uKh ùfï§ tu m%foaYfha mej;s ;eks ; ,djka y s N+ f .da , S h ,la I Kh wd¾hhka f .a m% O dk fnda . h jQ ù f.dú;ekg jvd;a fhda.H úh¡ tfy;a úh<s l,dmS h m% f oa Y hg j¾Idj ,enqfKa jirlg tla ld,hl§ muKs¡ ta w;r th wÕ,a 50-75;a w;r m%udKfha j¾Idjla úh¡ úh<s l,dmhg fkdfhla ld,j, id.;" kshÕ wdÈhg uqyqK §ugo isÿúh¡ úh<s l,dmhg j¾Idj ,enqfKa jirlg tla ld,hl§ jQj;a lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=j,g jir mqrd c,h wjYH jQfhka tu jirlg jrla w;sßla;j ,enqKq c,h iqrËs;j .nvd lrf.k mßyrKh ls Í ug isÿúh¡ tu wruqfKka hqla;j jeõ bÈlsÍu werô nj meyeÈ,sh¡ j¾Ih mqrdjg ,enqKq w;sßla; c,h iqrËs;j ;nd.ekSfï uq,sl mrud¾:fhka jdß l¾udka; flfrys › ,dxlslhka keUqre jQ neõ wm uq,slj wjfndaO lr .;af;uq¡ tys§ c,myrla iajNdúlj msysá Wia N+ñ follg

fldgq lrñka tla milska muKla ,S o~q" fld< w;= oE yria fldg mq¾j hq.fha jdß ks¾udK isÿl< o" tajdfha jQ ;djld,s l nj fya ; = f jka l% u l%ufhka tu ks¾udKhka fj; foaYsh bxðfkare ±kqu Ndú; lrñka jvd ixlS ¾ K jQ ks ¾ udK njg ta j d mßj¾;kh lf<ah¡ fuf,i l%ufhka ,dxlSh jdÍ ks¾udK f,dj wka lsis÷ rgl ola k g fkdjk wdldrfhka iqúid, yd úYañ; jQ ks¾udKhkaf.a ;;a;ajhg j¾Okh úh¡ úfYaIfhka ;dËKfhka Wiia hehs lshd.kakd j;auka bxðfkare ;dËKhkag mjd yiq fkdjkakd jQ l%ufõohla wmf.a w;S; jdÍ ks¾udK Ys,amSka i;= jQ neõ we;eï jdß ks¾udK wmg mila lrhs¡ WodyrK f,i" ñkafkaßh jej" l,d jej" mrdl%u iuqøh wd§ jeú fhdaO we< wd§ jQ ks¾udK fmkajdÈh yelsh¡ › ,xldfõ w;S; jdÍ ks¾udKhkays jQ úYsIag;ajh úfoaYslhka mjd by<ska w.h fldg we;¡ ta neõ my; m%ldYfhka mjd meyeÈ,s fõ¡ —hqfrdamfha ksis Ys,dpdrlula we;sjkakg Y;j¾I .Kkdjlg fmr Wmka wd¾hh j¾.hd úiska ksmojk ,o foaj,a n,d mqÿuhg m;ajkakg hq f rda m S h ka g is ÿ ù ;s f í¡ ,la È j f.dú;ekg c,h iemhSu lr ;sfnk jeõ l¾udka;h .ek mßËd lr ne,Sfï§ mqrdK jeõ ne|Sfï ;dËKh úiauh ckl neõ lsj hq;=h¡ isxy, bxðfkarejkaf.a jev wm úiska lrkq ,nk mekud we< ne|S f ï jevg ixikaokh lrne,Sfï § tu jev fmr is x y, bxðfka r ejka g <ufhl= f .a l%Svdjla fuka jegfykjd we;˜¡ weußldkq foaYdgl ì.ef,da-1910 ^isßj¾Ok" m%idoa u,skao# › ,xldfõ wd¾Ól úldYh ixËsma; úuiqu¡2002¡& uq,a hq.fha bÈjq jdß l¾udka; b;d ir, jdß l¾udka; jk w;r l÷ mka;Ska follska jg jQ N+ñ m%foaYhla ir,j wdjrKh lrñka jejla bÈ lf<ah¡ tfukau Rcqju jefõ isg

l=Uqrg c,h ,nd.ekSu jeks ir, jdß l¾udka; uq,a hq.fha mej;=Ks¡ tfiau we< myrla yryd ;djld,sl wuqKla ne| f.dú ìï j,g c,h ,nd .ekSu mej;s iïm%odh neõ §> ksldh àldfõ i|yka fõ¡ fuu uq,a hq.fha bÈ jQ ir, jdß l¾udka; fndfyda úg mqoa.,sl fufyhùfuka ks¾udKh jQ w;r l%sia;= mq¾j hq.fha bÈ jQ fïjd .ï jeõ f,i ye|skafõ¡ l%sia;= mQ¾j hq.fha ,shù we;s Ys,d f,aLk j,ska mqoa.,sl jeõ ysñhka isá nj jõ yñl" jms yñl" .ñl hk ;k;=re kduhkaf.ka meyeÈ,s fõ¡ jxYl;d.; f;dr;= r ej,g wkq j ,xldfõ bÈlrkq ,enq merKsu .ï jej jYfhka i|yka jkafka úch yd meñKs wkqrdO wud;Hjrhd úiska wkqrdO .%dufha bÈl< jejhs¡ jxYl;d .; f;dr;=rej,g wkqj m%:u jrg rdcH wkq.%yh ;=<ska jejla bÈ lsßu ms<sn|j i|yka jkqfha wkqrdO wud;Hjrhd werô wkqrdO .%du wx. iïmQ¾K mqrhla njg m;a l< mKavqldNh rcq k.rh wdY%s;j bÈ l< wNh fyj;a nijlal=,u jejhs¡ th fuf;la ,la È j yuq ù we;s merKs;u jdß l¾udka;hhs¡ t;eka mgka ,laÈj rcjre úúO m%udKhkaf.ka jdß l¾udka;h i|yd odhl;ajh iemhq w;r b;d úYd, jYfhka jdß l¾udka; ixj¾Okh jQ wjê wd¾Ól w;skao iuDoaêu;a hq.hka úh¡ úfYa I fhka jdß l¾udka ; h ixj¾Okh jQ wjê wd¾Ól w;skao iuDoaêu;a hq.hka úh¡ úfYaIfhka jdß l¾udka;h i|yd c,h w;HjYH idOlhla jQ w;r th úYd, jYfhka ,eîu ;=< lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Okhla we;s ù w¾Ól iuDoaêh <Õd úh¡ tfukau rc;=ud ck;dj w;r wdor f.!rjhg yd ckm%sh;ajh g m;a ùu i|yd o fuu jdß ks¾udK bjy,a úh¡ we;eï rcjre jdß ks¾udK ksid ck;dj úiska foaj;ajfhys,d i,ld ;sfí¡ WodyrKhla f,i ls%¡ j¡ 274-301 w;r rc l< uyfika rcq —ñkafkaßh foúfhda fyj;a y;a rcjre

nKavdr˜f,i ck;dj w;r jkaokhg md;%j we;" jdß ks¾udK bÈ lsÍu ;=<ska rcq" ck;dj tajdhska ,nd.;a c,h fjkqfjka nÿ wh l< w;r th rcqf.a wdodhï by< hdugo fya;=úh¡ uq,slju ,xldfõ wkqrdOmqr hq.h yd fmdf<dkakre hq.hkays§ jdß l¾udka;h fú.fhka ixj¾Okh jQ w;r rdcH ueÈy;aùuo ta i|yd fkduoj ysñúh¡ tlS wjëka kï jiN rc;=ud ^l%s¡ j¡ 67-111& uOHu m%udKfha jeõ ;ekSfï wdrïNl md,lhdh¡ jdß ks¾udK i|yd uq,a jrg úYd, jYfhka rdcH wkq.%yh ysñ fõ¡ jeõ 11 la yd we< ud¾. 12la ksßudKh lf<ah¡ N+ñh uekSu yd ifudaÉc f¾LdlrKh ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhl mrj; we;¡ uyfika rc;=ud ^l%s¡ j¡ 465-473& úYd, m%udKfha jeõ ;ekSfï wdrïNl md,lhdh¡ jeõ 16la yd we< ud¾.hla ks¾udKh lf<ah¡ jdß l¾udka;hg l< úYsIaG fidjh ksidu ck;dj w;r foaj;ajhg m;aj ;sfí¡ Od;=fiak rc;=ud ^l%s¡ j¡ 465-473& wkq r dOmq r hq . fha jdß l¾udka ; b;sysifhys ixj¾ê; wjêhhs¡ uy jeõ 18la yd we< ud¾. lsysmhla ks¾udKh lf<ah¡ m<jk mrdl%undyq rc;=ud ^l%s¡ j¡ 11531186& fmdf<dkakre hq.fha rdcH md,kh lf<a h ¡ ,xldfõ jdß l¾udka ; b;s y s i fhys ixj¾ê;u wjêhhs ¡ —wyiska jefgk c,h uol=ÿ f,dafldamldrfhka f;drj lsis lf,l;a uq y q o g fkdfha j d˜ hk wdo¾Yfhka l%shd lr we;¡ wuqKq 165" uy jeõ 163" we< ud¾. 3910" l=vd jeõ 2376 la yd fidfrdõ 340la ksßudKh lf<ah¡

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2013 - f,dal c, oskh ksñ;sfldg f.k y;r,sheoao m%dfoaYslfha ,sola m%;sixialrKhg

uu jif¾ f,dal c, Èkh mdol fldg f.k uykqjr y;r,shoao m%dfoaYslfha ,s|la mq;sixialrKh lsßug iagev¾â pd¾g¾â nexl=j i¾fjdaoh l=,Õk ixioh yryd uq,Huh jYfhka wkq.%yh ±laùug bÈßm;a jQy'

f,dal c, Èkh fh§ ;snqK ud¾;= 22 jk Èk i¾fjdaoh l=,Õk ixio uQ,ia:dkfha meje;s flá W;aijhlska iagev¾â p¾g¾ä nexl=fõ m%Odk f;dr;=re ks,Odß cdkl fiarisxy uy;d fuu uQ,Huh jákdlñka hq;a fplam; i¾fjdaoh ixiofha .re iNdm;s wdpd¾h ta'á'wdßhr;ak ue;s;=ud fj; msßkuk ,È' t;=ud tu fplam; l=,Õk ixiofha .re iNdm;sks wdpd¾h iqcd;d úfÊ;s,l ue;sKsh fj; Ndr ÿkay' iage¾vâ pd¾g¾â nexl=fõ fufyhqï ^wjodkï& wxYfha m%Odks iqêr úfÊ;s,l iy l<ukdlre ksIamdok ^iïm;a& ßIdka cqudÜ hk uy;=ka o fuu wjia:djg iyNd.s jQy' uykqjr f.dv;f,a .ïudkfha msysá fuu ,sf|ka tu .ïudkfha mjq,a 125 la muK c,h m%fhdackhg .kq ,efí' j¾Idj fkdue;s úh<s ld,fhaÈ jqjo fuu ,sfoa c,h fkdis|s mj;s' f.dv;f,a i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;sh" uykqjr i¾fjdaoh Èia;s%la uOHia:dkh iy i¾fjdaoh l=,Õk ixioh u.ska fuys wêlaIK lghq;= flrk w;r" tu .ïudkfhka f;dard .;a ldka;djka 30 l muK msßila fuu m%;sixialrK ld¾hfhaÈ iafõÉPdfjka Y%u odhl;ajh ,nd §ug bÈßm;a ù isá;s'

f,djgu wdo¾Yhla úh yels úl,am wd¾Ólhla lrd'''''' i¾fjdaoh m%h;akh úl,amSh w¾: l%uhla wm rgg .e<fmk fia w;ayod n,d rchg;a uyck;djg;a ta;a;= .ekaùuh' rdcH uÜgfï isg wE; tmsg .ïudkhka olajd iEu ia:dkhlu l%shd;aul jkafka wêrdcHjd§ hq.fha isg l%u l%ufhka wm wkqlrKh lrk ngysr w¾: l%uhhs' fï ngysr w¾: l%ufhka isÿ jkafka fmdfydi;=ka fmdfydi;a lsÍu;a" ÿmam;d ;j;a ÿmam;a lsÍula isÿ lrk widOdrK iudc l%uhla ;jÿrg;a mj;ajd f.k hEuh' 1970 uq,a oYlfha§ ngysr n,jd§kag fuf;la fkd;snqKq wkaofï f.da,Sh wd¾Ól wNsfhda.hlg uqyqK§ug isÿ úh' kj wd¾Ól fjkialïj,ska fmdfydi;a mka;shg ;j;a fmdfydi;a ùug bv ie,iqKq w;r" ÿmam;=ka úYd, jYfhka /lshd ysÕh" uQ,sl wjYH;dj;a iïmQ¾K lr .ekSug wdodhula fkd,eîu wd§ m%Yak ksid wjqreÿ 18 - 24 w;r ;reK ;reKshka ishÈú kid .ekSï wd§ wka;j,g mjd fhduq jQy' ì%;dkHfha muKla 1992 jif¾§ wjqreÿ 18 ) 24 ;a w;r ;reK ;reKshka 500 la ishÈú kid .;ay' ;ju;a fï wd¾Ól w¾nqohg úi÷ula Tjqka fidhd f.k ke;' Y%S ,xldfõ jdudxYsl n,mEï ksid hï hï me,eia;r we,ùï isÿ jqj;a uQ,sl jYfhka fï m%Yakh úi£ug mshjrla cd;shla jYfhka .;af;a ke;' hï hï wxYj, iudcjd§ uqyqKqjrla fmkqK;a uQ,sl jYfhka ;ju;a wms ngysr OfkaIajr w¾: l%uhg hg;a ú isáuq' OfkaIajr w¾: l%uh ks;ru kdñlj m%cd;ka;%jdÈ jqj;a l%shdfjka jrm%ido ,;a mka;shg foaYmd,k n,h me;srùug bv ie,fik fia l%shd;aul fõ' fï ksid OfkaIajr wd¾Ólh;a" mj;sk foaYmd,k l%uh;a folu ksjqka fidfydhqrka nj wms u;l ;nd .; hq;= fjuq' hdfok iudc mßj¾;khla we;s lrkakg kï wd¾Ólh iy foaYmd,kh hk wxY foflau fjkila iu.dój we;s lsÍug wms lghq;= l<hq;= fjuq' mj;sk iudcfha uQ,sl wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k fjkila we;s lsÍug .; yels ud¾. folla ;sfí' tlla" ysxidjd§j wú wdhqO w;g f.k mj;sk rchg;a tu rch hgf;a md,kh jk fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fukau uyck wxYfha o wd¾Ól ixúOdkj,g;a úreoaOj keÕS isàuh' fï rfÜ ol=fKa fukau W;=f¾ o fujeks f,a y,k úma,j Èh;a lr wid¾:l ù we;s w;r" oYl myudrl ld, mßõfþoh ;=<§ i¾fjdaoh lsis úfgl ysxidjd§ f,a y,k úma,j wkqu; lf<aj;a tajdg iydh ÿkafkaj;a ke;' ysxidjg úreoaOùug fya;= rdYshla ;sfnk w;r tajd úia;r lsÍug uu ;e;a fkdlrñ' hï fohla ysxidfjka ,nd .;fyd;a th /l .ekSug ysxidj mdúÉÑ lsÍug isÿ fõ' fojeks ud¾.h kï" wysxidjd§ ud¾.hhs' wysxidjd§ ud¾.fha jeo.;au m%;sm;a;s jkafka fyd| wruqKla fyj;a idOdrK iudchla f.dvkexùug fyd| ud¾. Wmfhda.S lr .;hq;= isoaOdka;hhs' fuh w;sYhskau wudre ud¾.hls' fndfyda ld,hla .; jk ksid tajdfha fhfok wh w;sYhskau bjiSfuka hq;=j lghq;= l< hq;=h' fojeksj ck;djg úYd, jYfhka iudcfha iy ukqIH Ôú;fha iEu wxYhlau w<,d mq¿,a ixj¾Ok wOHdmkhla Èh hq;=h' fuu ixj¾Ok wOHdmkfha jeo.;a wxf.damdx. /ils' tajdhska iuyrla kï" udkj whs;sjdislï yd hq;=lï" ixj¾Okh i|yd ck iyNd.s;ajh" ixj¾Okhg wjYH m%cd kdhl;ajh" ixj¾Okhg wjYH od¾Yksl ;dlaIKsl yd ixúOdkd;aul kdhl;ajh" ck iyNd.s;ajl idudðl wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k jHqyhka f.dvkeÕSu" mQ¾K wOHdmkh" mQ¾K fi!LHh" Od¾ñlj Okh bmhSfï ud¾. i|yd jHjidhl;aj mqyqKqj" mßir ixrlaIKh" .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsÍu iy ixysÈhdj" ;sridr iduh wdÈh fuhska iuyfrls' oYl mylg lsÜgq ld,hla i¾fjdaoh úiska iudc ixj¾Okh hk f;audj hgf;a fuu úIhhka Tiafia úYd, ixj¾Ok wOHdmk fiajdjla Èh;a lrk ,§' fï ish,a, lf<a wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k fjkila i|yd wjYH wjfndaOh ck;djg úoHd;aulj ,nd §ugh' idudðl ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g wj;S¾K jQfha wfma iudcfha w;sYhskau jeo.;a wxY jQ wdOHd;añl" iodpdr iy ixialD;sl mokul msysgdh' fï ksid i¾fjdaoh o¾Ykh ck;dj úiska lsisÿ l=,u," cd;sfNao" NdId" f.da;% wd§ fNaohlska f;drj ms<s.;a w;r" wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k uQ,sl fjkilg hd yels ud¾.h ck;djg fmkajd §ug o ta ksid wmg ms<s.ekSula o ,enqfKah' i¾fjdaoh wjqreÿ 50 iïmQ¾K jQ miq wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k wysxidjd§ úma,jhlg m%úIagùug wms foafYdaoh ixioh Èh;a lf<uq' foafYdaoh ixiofha tlsfklg ne÷Kq wxY folls' m<uqjekak" .%duiajrdcH ixl,amfha msysgd i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;s Yla;su;a fldg rg mqrdu .%duiajrdcH wdrïN lsÍuhs' uq,ska .ï odylg o ^1000& miqj .ï ;=ka odyl o ^3000& .%duiajrdcH wruqKq wkqj ck;dj l%shd;aul ùug wms fm<U jQfhuq' tu .%duiajrdcH .ïudk uq,a fldg i¾fjdaoh jev lrk b;sß .ïudk fodf<diaody;a ^12000& rg mqrd ;sfnk fiiq .ïudk myf<diaody;a ^15000& fuu .%duiajrdcH ixl,amh jHdma; lsÍug fjfyiqfKuq' ta w;r m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï iy Èia;%slal uÜgfï foafYdaoh uKav, fï jk úg

;=kaiSh úiaila ^320& muK msysgqjd we;s w;r" cd;sl uÜgfï foafYdaoh iNdjla i|yd ,laIhl iafõÉPd fiajl msßila n|jd f.k hkq ,efí' fuu foafYdaoh iNdj lsisÿ l=," cd;s" f.da;%" wd.ï" NdId" foaYmd,k mlaI wd§ fNaohlska f;drj ta ish¨u lKavdhï .%dóh" m%dfoaYSh" Èia;%slal iy cd;sl wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu i|yd kdhl;ajh fokq we;' foafYdaoh ixiofha fojeks wxYh jQfha Bg iudka;rj f.dvkef.k foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uQ,H iud.uhs' (DDFC) fuu uQ,H iud.ug uy nexl=fõ wjirh ,enqfKa miq.sh tkï 2012 foieïn¾ ui 19 jeksodh' tfy;a fï i|yd .ïudk mkaodylg ^5000& wêl ck fldgia i¾fjdaoh wd¾Ól jHjidh ixj¾Ok fiajdj (SEEDS) hgf;a wjqreÿ 30 la muK yev .eiajQfhuq' nqÿ oyfï fmkajk “ Od¾ñlj Okh Wmhkak' thska y;frka tlla tÈfkod úhou msßuid .ekSug o" tu wdodhfuka foflka tlla ;ud lrk f.dú;eka" fj<fy,odï fyda jHdmdr ÈhqKq lr .ekSug o" b;sß y;frka tl yÈiaishlÈ m%fhdackhg .ekSug b;sß lr ;nkak' hk nqÿ jok wkqj b;sß lsÍfï l%uhla" .ug wjYH uQ,Okh ,nd .ekSfï l%uhla" ta w;ru jHjidh mqyqKqjla" úúO l¾udka; iy ;dlaIKsl mqyqKqjla wdÈh ck;d uÜgfï wd¾Ólhla f.dvkexùug wjYH há;, myiqlï iy ±kSï iSâia wdh;kfhka ,nd fok ,§' fï wdh;kh 1997 § muK .erkaá iud.ula njg m;a úh' iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l< iSâia jHdhduh ck;djg yß uÕla fmkajk úl,am wd¾Ól l%uhlg moku nj wmg iaÓrju f;areï .ekSug yels jkq we;' iuyr jxpksl iñ;s ks,OdÍka iy Tjqka úiska m;a lrkq ,en ;snQ fidr is;a we;s l<ukdlrejka ksid iuyr iñ;s ÿ¾j, úh' th iSâia wdh;kfha jrola fkdfõ' tfia jQfha tu iñ;s idudðlhka iñ;s jHjia:dj hgf;a Tjqkag ;sfnk n,;, yßyeá fhdod wjxl ks,OdÍ uKav,hla iy l<ukdlrejka f;dard m;a lr fkd.ekSu ksidh' tys j.lSu iñ;s úiskau ndr.; hq;= w;r iSâia wdh;khg fodia mejßh fkdyel' i¾fjdaofhka lr ;sfnkafka uÕ fmkaùula muKls' kS;suh j.lSu iñ;s idudðl idudðldjka wf;ah' wfma B,Õ b,lalh jQfha uQ,H iud.ula msysgqùfï iy;slh uy nexl=fjka ,nd .ekSuh' thg o jir 15 lg jeä ld,hla .; úh' flfia kuq;a uqo,a wud;H jYfhka w;s.re ckdêm;s;=udf.a o iyfhda.h we;sj tu n,m;%h ,nd .ekSug iSâia wdh;kh iu;a úh' fuh úYd, ch.%ykhla jk w;r Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg wfma ia;=;sh msßkuk w;r bÈßhg o fuu wysxidjd§ m%h;ak wfma wd¾Ól fCI;%fha bÈßhg f.k hEug Tjqkaf.a iyfhda.h fkduiqrej m%d¾:kd lruq' i¾fjdaoh wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok jHjidh fiajdj o" ^iSâia& bÈßhg;a .erkaá iud.ula yeáhg l%shd;aul jkq we;' Tjqka iñ;s Yla;su;a lsÍu" wd¾Ól jHjidh fiajdj,g Wmfoia §u" uQ,H iud.ug bÈßm;a l< yels jHdmD;s ilia lr§u" úúO m¾fhaIKhkays fh§u" .%dóh iñ;sj,g iy fjk;a wdh;kj,g mqyqKq mdGud,d meje;aùu wd§ ld¾hj, ksr; jkq we;' fuf;la iSâia wdh;kh isÿ l< uQ,Huh lghq;= ish,a,u foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uQ,H iud.ug (DDFC) mejfrkq we;' foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uQ,H iud.fï (DDFC) ys YdLd ,xldj mqrd msysjq jk w;r wfma

iñ;sj, idudðl idudðldjka fukau i¾fjdaohg ys;j;a i¾fjdaoh o¾Ykh flfrys úYajdih ;nk ±yeñka Okh Wmhk whg o (DDFC) iud.fï Tjqkaf.a uqo,a wdfhdackh lrk f,i fmd<Ujkak' Tjqka ±yeñka Wmhd (DDFC) iud.fï ;ekam;a lrk Okh lsisÿ Od¾ñl fkdjk jHdmdr i|yd fhdojkafka ke;s nj;a i¾fjdaofha fYa%IaG o¾Ykh iy m%;sm;a;s wkqj tajd fhdojk nj;a okajkak' wm ,dNh mru wNs,dIh lr f.k lghq;= lrk uQ,H iud.ula fkdfõ' wfma uQ,H iud.u hï ,dNhla ,nkjd kï tajdfha m%;sM, fmdÿfõ uyck;djg fn§ hkq we;' DDFC ys úYd, wdfhdaclhska lsisfjla fkdue;s ksidh' tu uQ,H iud.fï ;sfnkafka ,laI ixLHd; ÿmam;a ck;dj wdfhdackh l< iq¿ uqo,ah' tu ksid nqÿoyu Wv ieliqKq tlu uQ,H wdh;khg nefokak' th wdrlaId lr .kak' SEEDS isg DDFC olajd mßj¾;k hq.hla ;sfí' ta ksid iEu iñ;shlau bjis,af,ka l%shd lr uQ,H iud.u Yla;su;a fldg §¾>ld,Skj m%cdjg ,nd Èh yels wd¾Ól m%;sM, .ek l,amkd lrkak' wm id¾:l jqjfyd;a th uq¿ f,djgu úl,amSh wd¾Ólhla f.dvkexùug wdo¾Yhla jkq we;'

wdpd¾h ta'à' wdßhr;ak" ks¾ud;D" i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk ixioh'

i¾fjdaoh

4

mß.Klhla kv;a;= lsÍfï § miq.sh

l,dmfhka wm mß.Klhla ñ,§ .ekSfï § wkq.ukh lrk oE iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd lf<uq¡ mß.Klhla ñ,§ .ekSfï§ ta iïnkaOfhka ±kqu wjYH fjkjd fukau mß.Klh Ndú; lsÍu fukau th ksjerÈ f,i kv;a;= l<hq;= wdldrh ms<sn|j o ±kqu wjYHh¡ ffoksl ðú;fha § ;u mß.Klh ksjerÈ f,i kv;a;= lsÍu i|yd ±k.; hq;= lreKq iïnkaOfhka fujr l,dmfhka wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq lruq¡ fndfydafokd úiska ;u wjOdkh fhduq fkdlrk fË;%hla fukau mß.Kl Ndú;fha § m%;sfËam lrkq ,nk fohla jYfhka mß.Klh ksisf,i kv;a;= lr mj;ajd .ekSu i|yka l< yelsh¡ mß.Klfha hï fodaIhla tk;=reu mß.Klh Ndú;d lsÍu j¾;udkfha fndfydafokd úiska isÿlrkq ,nk l%shdjla nj mß.Kl moaO;s Ys,amsfhl= jYfhka ud w;a±l we;¡ uq,sl jYfhka mß.Klh jgd ±jà we;s l=Kq ÿú,s Èkm;d msi±óu iEufofkl=gu myiqfjka l< yels ld¾hhls¡ Tn ffokslj meh 2l ld,hla mß.Klh Ndú;d lrkjd kï ;j;a úkdä 5l ld,hla f.k th msioud msßisÿj mj;ajd f.k hEu b;d jeo.;a ld¾hhls¡ tfia ÿú,s msi fkd±óu u.ska mß.Klfha ÿú,s /§ ta u; f;;ukh ;ekam;aùfuka mß.Klfha wNHka;r mßm:j,g ydkshla ùug yelsh¡ ;jo uDÿldx. uÕska o ;u mß.Klfha ksis l%shdldÍ;ajh mj;ajd .ekSug Tng yelsh¡ kj;u fufyhqï moaO;s ^Wod#- Windows 7& i;=j fujeks uDÿldx. iajhxl%Shj l%shd;aul jk ksid Tn kj;u mß.Klhla Ndú; lrkafka kï uDÿldx. u.ska isÿl< hq;= kv;a;= l%u (Maintenance) ms<sn| mq¾K wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=u ke;¡ fufyhqï moaO;s (Opera ng system) i;=j we;s fujka uDÿldx. lsysmhla my; ±lafõ¡  Disc Defragmenter

 Disc cleanup  Security center Tnf.a mß.Klfha Ôj ld,h §¾> lr.ekSfï § ;j;a jeo.;a ldrKhla iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq l<hq;=j we;¡ tkï mß.Klhl oDvdx.j, WIaK;ajh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍuhs¡ fï i|yd tla úl,amhla jkafka m¾.Klhg isis,; Wmdx. (Cooling Equipment) tl;= lsÍuhs¡ ;jo oDvdx. i|yd iqÿiq jd;djrKhla i,id §uo l< yelsh¡ tfukau ldurfha W!IaK;ajh jeäùfï § mß.Klfha ld¾hËu;djh wju jk neúka mß.Klh ;nd we;s ldurfha W!IaK;ajh ms<sn|j o wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h¡ mß.Klh Ndú;fha fndfyda wjia:djkaj,§ mß.Klhg ydkslr ffjri we;=<;a ùu idudkHfhka iEu wfhl=gu we;sjk .eg¨jls¡ wmßËdldÍ whqßka ndysr o;a; .nvd Wmdx. ( Removable storage devices) mß.Klhg we;=<;a lsÍu ksid fujeks .eg¨j,g uqyqK§ug isÿfõ¡ fï ksid mß.Klhg ks¾jHdc fufyhqï moaO;shla yd m%;sffjri uDÿldx.hla Ndú;d lsÍu uÕska fujeks .eg¨ uÕyrjd .; yelsh¡ Microso iud.u u.ska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk fufyhqï moaO;s ñf,ka wêl ksid Linux, Ubuntu jeks fkdñf,a fok fufyhqï moaO;shla Tng fï i|yd Ndú;d l< yelsh¡ fuu l%ufõohkag wkqj iqmßËsldÍj Tfí mß.Klh kv;a;= lsÍu u.ska fndfyda ld,hla mß.Klh ld¾hËuj mj;ajdf.k hdug yelshdj ,efí¡ bÈß l,dmh u.ska mß.Kl fËa;%fha wdrïNfha isg j¾;udkh olajd ldka;djka uq,sl;ajh .;a wjia:d i<ld ne,Sug wm fhduq fjuq¡

È

jeälrk w;r iunrj wdydr .ekSfï l%uh md,kh lsÍu wmyiq lrhs¡ tuksid u;ameka mdkfhka je<lS isàu b;d fyd|h¡

liqka Èf,akaø msßia

i¾fjdaoh mß.Kl moaO;s ks,OdÍ

Èhjeähdfjka f;drj kSfrda.S iqjfhka fjfiuq

hjeähdj iaÓr f,i iqjlsÍfï l%uhla fyda th j<lajd .ekSfï l%uhla fuf;la fidhdf.k ke;¡ tu ksid fuu frda.h md,kh lsÍu ms<sn|j wmf.a úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=j we;¡

iEu wjia:djl§u reêrfha iSks m%udKh kshñ; uÜgfï mj;ajd .ekSu Èhjeähdj md,kh lsÍfï § b;d jeo.;a fõ¡ Èhjeähd frda.fhka wmf.a jl=.vq" weia" iakdhq" yDoh iy fud<hg isÿjk ;on, ydks j<lajd .; yels tlu l%uh reêrfha iSks uÜgu md,kh lr.ekSuhs¡ fuh l< yels tlu l% u h úêu;a md,khlska hq;=j wdydr .ekSuhs¡ iuyr Èhjeähd fmf,kakka úfYaI wdydr md,khlskau muKla hgm;a lr .ekSug yelsjk w;r wksl=;a fmf,kakka i|yd úêu;a wdydrj,g wu;rj T!IO yd bkaishq,ska tkak;a ,nd.; hq;=h¡ Èhjeähdj i|yd wkqu; úêu;a wdydr ie,eiafï uQ,sl isoaOdka; jkqfha reêrfha we;s iSks yd fldf,diagfrda,a jeks fïo iajNdúl uÜgulg mj;ajd .ekSu iy mqoa.,hdf.a Wig iß,k nr m%udKh mj;ajd .ekSuh¡ Èhjeähdj i|yd wkqu; lrk wdydr ie,eiafï uQ,sl wx. lsysmhla we;¡   

iSks iys; wdydr fkd.ekSu jeä fl|s wvx.= msIaGh iy jeä fl|s m%udKhlska hqla; wdydr .ekSu¡ wvq le,ß iy wvq fïo m%udKj,ska hqla; wdydr .ekSu iSks iys; wdydr fkd.ekSu

fuysÈ iSks hkqfjka y÷kajkafka .a¨fldaia" idudkH iSks" yl=re" iy meKs j¾.h¡ fuu wdydr b;d blaukska .a¨fldaia njg m;aù YÍrhg Wrdf.k reêrfha we;s iSks uÜgu jeä lrhs¡ fuu wdydr iq¿ jYfhka wkqNj lsÍu jqjo" Èhjeähd frda. md,khg wys;lr fõ¡ tu ksid fujeks wdydr j¾. j,ska je<lS isák f,ig wjjdo lrñ¡ fndfydafofkl=g f;a iy fldams iuÕ iSks .ekSu keje;aùu wmyiq lreKla ù we;s nj ióËK j,ska fmkShhs¡ tjka whg Èhjeähdj wys;lr fkdjk rildrl øjH rdYshla wo fj<|fmdf,a we;¡ fndfyda lEu j¾. ^fpdl,Ü" flala" mqäx j¾." w;=remi j¾. yd îu j¾. wd§& iEÈfï§ ie,lsh hq;= iSks m%udKhla tla lrkq ,efí¡ fujeks lEu j¾.j,ska wm je<lS isáh hq;=h¡ Èhjeähd frda.h i|yd ìh¾" wrlal=" lismamq" iy jhskaj, iSks wvx.= fõ¡ tuksid u;ameka mdkh Èhjeähd frda.skag wys;lrh¡ ;jo uOHidr u.ska lEu reÑh

jeä fl|s wvx.= msIaGh iys; wdydr .ekSu msIaGfha we;s iajNdúl flÈ wdjrKh iuÕ lEug .kafka kï fmrg jvd jeä m%udKhla msIaGh wkqNj lsÍug mq¿jk¡ fuu wdjrKfha we;s fl|s u.ska m%fhdack lsysmhla isÿfõ¡ msIaGh .a¨fldaia njg yrjd b;d fifuka yd iu;=,s;j reêrhg Wrd .ekSug Wmldr ùu yd jeä fl|s m%udKhla we;súg wdydrj,g wu;rj nr m%udKh jeäùu ksid iq¿ wdydr m%udKhlska l=i.skak ksjd.ekSug yelsfõ¡ tmuKla fkdj wdydr Èrùu iy u<my lsÍuo myiq lrhs¡ fujeks fl|s iys; msIaGuh wdydr kï r;= lel=¿ yd,a" r;= lel=¿ yd,a msá" l=rlalka msá" W¿ÿ msá" uqx weg" lv," fidahd" fufkaß jeks OdkH j¾." l=rlalka msá yd r;= lel=¿ yd,a msá ñY% lr idokq ,nk wdmam" msÜgq" b|s wdmam iy frdá jeks wdydr fõ¡ wvq le,ß m%udKhlska yd wvq fïo m%udKhlska hq;a wdydr .ekSu¡ fndfyda Èhjeähd frda.ska muKg jvd nr jeä neúka wdydrj, le,ß md,kh w;HdjYHh¡ fïo wdydr .ekSu b;du;au wvq lsÍu fuhg ms<shuls¡ fïoh m%Odk j¾. folls¡ tkï i;a;aj fïo iy Ydl fïohhs¡ i;a;aj fïo yd fmd,aj, wvx.= fïo u.ska reêrfha fldf,iagfrda,a uÜgu jeälr yDohdndO iE§ug bv we;s ksid tajd ydkslr fõ¡ f;,a ne÷ï iy f;ïmrdÿ j,ska je<ls isáh hq;=h¡ iïmq¾K fhdoh iys; lsß" Öia" ng¾" ì;a;r lyuo" W!re uia" t¿uia" yrla uia yd mSl=ÿ .ekSu fjkqjg fïo rys; ud.ßka j¾." ud¿" l=l=¿ uia wdydrhg ,nd.; yel¡ ì;a;r iqÿuoh muKla ;udg wjYH ;rï wdydrhg .; yel¡ Èhjeähd frda.sfhl=g i;shlg iïmq¾K ì;a;r ;=kla muK wdydrhg .ekSu iqÿiqh¡ fïjd Ndú;fhka YÍrhg wkjYH f,i fïo tl;=ùu je<flhs¡ fmd,aj, we;af;a i;a;aj fïohg iudk fïohla jk w;r fmd,a Ndú;h b;du;a wvq l< hq;=h¡ fmd,af;,a fjkqjg fidahd f;,a" ;, f;,a Ndú;d lsÍu jvd iqÿiqh¡ m<;=re .ek i|yka l<fyd;a ish¨u j¾.j, m<;=re iudkH jYfhka wdydrhg .ekSug iqÿiqh¡ fuu m<;=rej, iajNdúlj mj;sk iSks úfYaIh jk ,elafgdaia t;rïu ydkslr fkdjkafka th blaukska yd myiqfjka .a¨fldaia njg mßj¾;kh fkdùu ksidh¡ m<;=rej, we;s jeä fl|s m%udKh ksid tajd wkqNjfhka iSks Wrd.ekSu m%udo lrhs¡ tu ksid idudkH m%udKhla m<;=re wkqNj l< yelsh¡

i¾fjdaoh

5

Èhjeähd frda.ska .ek isysm;a lsÍfï§ t<j¨ .ek o wu;l l< fkdyelsh¡

rd;%S wdydrh i|yd

îÜrEÜ" n;," jÜglald" lerÜ" w¾;dm,a jeks iSks wvx.= t<j¨ j¾. jqjo iq¿ m%udKj,ska wdydrhg tl;=lr .ekSu jrola fkdfõ¡ Bg fya;=j jkafka fuu t<j¨ iy m<;=rej, wvx.= iSks YÍrhg Wrd.ekSu" fõ.h md,kh lsÍug tajdfha wvx.= fl|s m%udKh WmldÍjk neùks¡

r;= iy,a n;a" ud¿$l=l=,a uia" l=rlalka yd r;= lel=¿ yd,a msá ñY% lr idok ,o b|s wdmam" msÜgq" wdmam fyda frdá" fl|s iys; t<j¨" m,d j¾.hla ^lxl=x jvd iqÿiqhs&" m<;=re idudkH m%udKhla¡

msIaGh iys; t<j¿ j¾. w," n;," fo,a" yd iudk;ajfha ie,lsh yels w;r fuu wdydr uOHia: f,i m%udKh fkdblaujd wdydrhg .; yel¡ Èhjeähdfjka fmf,kafkl= i|ydu iqÿiq wdydr jÜfgdarej ;SrKh l< hq;af;a frda.shdf.a ffjoHjrhd iuÕ idlÉPd lsÍfuks¡ kuq;a ish¨u Èhjeähd frda.skag iqÿiq jk wkaofï wdydr j¾. lsysmhla my; i|yka l< yelsh¡

Wfoa 10¡00 g yd iji 4¡00g l=rlalka l%Sï lel¾" ls%iaflda jeks iSks rys; ìialÜ j¾.hla iuÕ iSks rys; f;a fldmamhla mdkh lrkak¡ Èhjeähd frda.h yg.ekSug wod<j jhia iSudjla ke;¡ rfÜ Ôjkd,sh nÿ ;reK mrmqrg o fuh uy;a mSvdldÍ ;;a;ajhlg uqyqKmEug isÿj we;¡ Èhjeähdj wdydrmdk u.ska md,kh lr.; hq;= wikSm ;;a;ajhla neúka ksfrda.s iqjh ,nd .ekSug wm leue;a;la olajkafka kï wksjd¾fhkau wmf.a wdydr rgdj fjkia l< hq;=h¡ Èhjeähdfjka fmf<kafkl= kï ;udg wdikak m%foaYhl udihlg jrla fyda idhkhlg bÈßm;a úh hq;=h¡ ke;fyd;a ;udg wod<j isák mjqf,a ffjoHjrhd yuqjg f.dia reêr mßËK (FBS) lrjd T!IO ,nd.; hq;=h¡

WoEik wdydrfõ, i|yd r;= yd,a n;a fyda lsßn;a" uqx weg fyda lv," l=rlalka yd r;= lel=¿ yd,a ñY%lr iEÿ b|s wdmam" msÜgq" wdmam fyda frdá" m<;=re idudkH m%udKhla

i¾fjdaoh iqjfi; fmdaIK uOHia:dkfha

Èjd wdydrh i|yd

fyÈ- à¡ tï¡ bkaÈld

r;= lel=¿ iy,a n;a" m,d j¾.hla" fl|s iys; t<j¨" l=l=¨ uia$ud¿" m<;=re idudkH m%udKhla¡

úhuk

l

jqre;a ìfhka ielfhka n,d isá w¾nqoh isÿù yudrh¡ b;is;ska wjqreÿ lE furg ck;djg w¨;a wjqreoafoa § iykh fkd,ndu iqiqï fy<kakg isÿjQfha úÿ,s úhou wyfia .Efjk ;rug by<g hñks¡ tÈfkod ðú;h f.jkakg ojig fojrla lE ñksidg ±ka lkakg jkafka tla fõ,ls¡ tla /lshdjlska hemqkq ñksidg bÈßfha§ fidhkakg jkafka ;j;a /lshdjls¡ msßuid todfõ, ilia lr.;a ñksidg ðj;a jkakg jkafka isyskfhka weúÈfkl= fuks¡ ta ;rugu fï rfá ðj;ajk idudkH ck;djf.a Ôjk iajrEmhka fjkia lsßug ksjig tk ;j;a ì,lg w;aN+; n,hla ,enqKs¡ fldf;la mdrla mdrla .dfka fyda ue;s ifí fyda fldñika bÈßfha fyda l;d l<o óg úiÿula ,efío hkak oj,a olakd ySkhla nÿh¡ ieugu l< yelafla lK.dgqj m%ldY lsÍu fyda fya;= ±laùu fyda miqjoka imhd is; ikid .ekSu muKs¡ tfy;a ojfia jegqfmka Ôj;a jk wysxil ck;djg ksjig tk r;= ,hsÜ ì,g ìfhka úÿ,s ì, f.jd ±ñug isÿjkafka osk fol ;=klg Ôj;a ùug wf;ys jk uqo,aj,sks¡

úÿ,s ìf,a iS;, hqoaOh

fkd,ndu ,dïmq t,sfhka fyda yq¿

by< hEug úÿ,s .dia;= jeäùu /l=,la

ì,s h k .Kkls k a wmf;a hk úÿ,s

w;a;l mkaoulska ;u wjYH;d bgq

imhkq we;¡ ksjig tk úÿ,s ì,g

m% u dKh md,kh ls Í u;a úÿ,s ier

lr.ksñka ;dËKfhka f;dr fkdÈhqKq

wu;rj wfkl=;a ì,a fukau NdKav yd

fkdje§ úÿ,s ì, ord.ekSug;a bjy,a

iudchla hym;ehs ´kEu wfhl= g

fiajd by< hEu ck;djg ord.ekSug

jkq we;¡ ld,hl is g fï i|yd

isf;kq ksielh¡

jkafka we~Q l÷<sks¡

ksrka;rfhka ±kqj;a lsßï isÿlrkq

iuia;hla jYfhka wju uágulska úÿ,s

tfy;a wo jk úg úÿ,s .dia;= jeäùu

,enqjo tu W;aidyh id¾:l

ñ, jeäùu ck;d wfmaËdj jqjo ta

iS ; , hq o a O hla njg m;a ù we;¡

lr.ekSug fkdyels jQj;a jk úÿ,s

lsis;a fkd;ld úÿ,sn, uKav,h u.ska

tlsfkldg fpdaokd lr.ksñka udOH

.dia;= ixfYdaokh;a iuÕ fï ms<sn|

.kakd ,o ;SrKhg Tjqka bÈßm;a lrkq

úldYkhka" /iaùï" idlÉPd u.ska

±kq j ;a ùu is h ,a , ka f .a u hym;g

,nk lreKq ±ka úuid ne,Su fidrdf.a

úÿ,s .dia;= kexùug tfrysj isÿlrk

fya;=fõ¡

wïudf.ka fmak weiSula jekSh¡ úÿ,s

l;d j,ska o úÿ,s .dia;= kexùug

ixj¾Okh jk iudchl ;SrK

.dia ; = jeä ls Í ï is ÿ ls ß ug hdug

ksoyig lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka lrkq

.ekSfï§ nyq;rh jk idudkH ck;djg

u;af;ka fldñika iNd m;a lrñka

,nk l;d u,djka j,ska o wvqjla ke;¡

ijka§u hym;a m%;sm, ,ndfokq ,efí¡

uyck;djf.a woyia fhdackd tl;=

úÿ,s ier je§ frda.SjQ idudkH ck;djg

kuq;a mj;akd iajrEmhkag wkq.;j

lrkq ,enqjo iykhla m;d

fï ish¨ rx.khka kerôug;a fuyS

uyck ;SrK .ekSu fyda tu ;SrK j,ska

uyck;djf.ka bÈßm;a jQ fhdackd mqia

wd§kj ord.ekS u g;a is ÿ ùu jvd;a

mßndysrj ck;djg n,mdkakdjQ ;SrK

fjä,a,la njg m;a lr we;af;a ta i|yd

lk.dgq o dhlh¡ tfy;a is h ,a f ,ka u

.ekSu iudcfha úfrdaO;d we;s úug

bÈßm;a j Q uyckhd ye,a ¨ jg ,la

mSvdjg m;ajk idudkH ck;djf.a

fya;=úh yelsh¡ fldñika m;a lrñka

lrñks¡ lsisÿ fhdackdjla ie<ls,a,g

ord.ekSfï iSudj wjidkjk wjia:dj

isÿlrkq ,nk u; úuiSï idOdrK f,i

fkdf.k lrk ,o úÿ,s tall .dia;=

jvd;a wdikak fj;a kï th ck;djf.a

i<ld ne,S u ;a ta j dg wkq j ;S r K

jeäùï úuiSfï§ fmkS hkafka fuu

iqNisoaêfha kj wdrïNhla jkq we;¡

.ekSu;a uyck ys;iqj msKsi mj;akd

.dia;= jeäùu n,md we;af;a furg

flfia kuq;a ±ka úÿ,s .dia;= jeäùu

wdh;khkaf.a ld¾hla úh hq;=h¡ iq¿

ck;djf.ka nyq;rhla jk idudkH

iïnkaOfhka yeçu fyda tlsfkldg

msßilf.a foaYmd,ksl fyda wd¾Ól jdis

ck;djg njh¡ th ;jÿrg;a úÿ,sn,

nek.ekSu fyda .dia;=j kej; wju

;ld nyq;r ck;djla mSvdjg m;alsÍu

uKav,fha mdßfNda.sl j¾.SlrKhg

lsßu isÿlrk f;la n,d isàu fyda

iudcfha bÈß meje;a u g w¾nq o hka

úÿ,s tallhl .dia;=j yd tys

wkq j mjikjd kï .Dyia : " l= v d

is ÿ fkdl< hq ; = h ¡ l<hq ; = j we;a f ;a

/ila we;s lrkakls¡ tksidu

m%;sY;hla f,i úÿ,s ì,g tl;= jk

mßudK

yd

flfia fyda úÿ,s mßfNdackh wju

uyck;djg w;HjYH fiajdjla jk

bkaok .e<mqï .dia;= by< hEu ,Ë

l¾udka;lrejkagh¡ úÿ,s .dia;= jeä

lr.ksñka úÿ,s ì, md,kh lr.ekSuhs¡

úÿ,s .dia;= idOdrK úiÿula lrd fhduq

mkylg wêl úÿ,s mßfNdackhla iys;

ùu fuu nyq;r msßiaf.a Ôjk nr

fï i|yd úÿ,sh wrmsßueiafuka Ndú;d

fõ kï th miqld,Skj jQjo ck;djf.a

jHdmdßlhkag

furg ck;djf.a Ôjk ia j rEmhka

jeäùug fya;=ù we;¡ tall wkq tl;a

lrk wdldrh ms<sn| mdßfNda.slhka

meiiSug ,lajkq ksh;h¡

fjkia lsßug ;rï n,fõ.hla njg

tlish úis yh;a w;r isÿjQ jeäùu

±kqj;a lsÍu fï iïnkaOfhka jv

ldrd,ï

m;aùu mqÿuh okjkakla fkdfú¡ iq¿

f.ùug mdßfNda.slhkag kj wdodhï

jvd;a lK.dgqjg m;aj lE.ik ieuf.a

jYfhka ±Íug fkdyels jkfia isÿjQ

ud¾. fidhd.; hq;=fõ¡ .Dyia:" l=vd

hq;=luls¡

úÿ,s ì, .dia;= jeäùu jvd;au n,mEï

mßudK

yd

idudkHfhka úÿ,s mßfNda c kfha §

isÿlr we;af;a furg Ôj;ajk idudkH

l¾udka;lrejkag n,mdkq ,nk .dia;=

ksIamdokfhka 25]la wmf;a hhs¡ fï

ck;djgh¡ tkï yeg;a wkqj;a w;r

jeä lsßïj,g idfmaËj iq¿ ;rhla

w;ßka .Dyia: mßfNdackfha § o úÿ,sh

úÿ,sh mßfNdackh lrkakkagh¡

jk uyd mßudKs l lßudka ; Yd,d"

wmf;a hEu j<ld.ekSu" úÿ,s ì,

ixj¾Okh hka k miq m i yUdhk

fydag,a" úYd, jHdmdßlhkag n,mdkd

±lsfï§ iykhla jkq we;¡ wkjYH

jHdmdßlhkag

iudchl úÿ,s Ndú;fha m%udKh u; o

.dia;= jeäùula isÿ fkdùu .eg¨

úÿ,s myka ±,aùfuka yd úÿ,s WmlrK

ixj¾Ok uágu ks¾Kh lsßu isÿfõ¡

iy.;h¡

ld¾hËuj Ndú; ls Í fuka fuka u

tfy;a fuf,i jeäjk úÿ,s .dia;=j

úáka úg by< hk nvq ñ,g idfmaËj

úÿ,sh wrmsßueiafuka ksis l%ufõohkag

yuqfõ úÿ,sn,fha wjYH;djh

;jÿrg;a bÈßfha§ NdKav yd fiajd

wkq.;j Ndú; lsÍu ;=<ska jd¾Islj

Tfí .fï” iñ;sfha” osia;s%lalfha mqj;a” ks¾udK wm fj; ,shd tjkak l;D” i¾fjdaoh mqj;am;” fkd’ 98” rdj;dj;a; mdr” fudrgqj’ *elaia 0112656512 ÿl 0112647159

i¾fjdaoh

6

ßh wk;=rl§ jkaÈ whlr .kafka flfiao@ fojk fldgi

wod< tka;rjdishg wkqj ú;a;slre fyda ú;a;slrejka úiska tys olajk ,o uqo, fkdf.õjfyd;a tlS tka;rjdisfha olajk ,o ld,h wjika jQ miq jkaÈ wh lr.ekSu i|yd Èid wêlrKfha kvqj f.dkq l< hq;=fõ¡

miq.sh l,dmfha § wmrdOuh yd wmrdOuh fkdjk fkdie,ls,su;a ßh Odjkh fya;=fjka we;sjk ßh wk;=re iïnkaOj wms úuid neÆ whqre Tng u;l we;s¡ fujeks wk;=rl§ jkaÈ kvqjla mjrkafka flfia ±hs wo wms ir,j úuid n,uq¡

ß

fufia Èid wêlrKh bÈßfha jkaÈ b,a,d kvqjla mejrE miq fudag¾ r: jdyk wd{d mkf;a 106 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a tlS kvqj mejrE Èk isg Èk 07la we;=<; fyda Èk y;la bl=;aùug fmr tlS kvqj mjrk ,o njg meñKs,af,a msgm;la o iys;j fkd;sishla heúh hq;= w;r meñKs,slre úiska tfia ±kqï §u meyer yeßhfyd;a tlS uqo,a f.ùug rËKlre fj; mejfrk j.lSfuka rËKlre ksoyiafõ¡

h wk;=rla isÿjQ wjia:djl§ th Odjkh lrñka isá ßhÿre jdykfha ,shdmÈxÑ whs;slre fkdjk úg tu jdykh mojk ,oafoa ,shdmÈxÑ whs;slref.a —±kqu yd wjirh˜ msg fyda /lshd fËa;%h ;=< kï fiajdfhdaclhdf.a fiajlfhl= jYfhka fyda fiajdfhdaclhdf.a ±kqu yd wjirh Tyqf.a ks f hda ð ;fhl= jYfhka jk wjia:djl§ muKla jdykfha ,shdmÈxÑ whs;slre fj; j.lSu mejf¾¡ hï wjia : djl § jdykfha ,s h dmÈxÑ whs ; s l re fojk md¾Yjlrefjl= fj; újD; lvodis ( Open papers) u; wod< jdykh mjrd we;akï fojk md¾Yjlre jdykfha ,shdmÈxÑ whs;slref.a ksfhdað;fhl=f.a ;;a;ajhg m;a jk w;r fujeks wjia:djl§ jkaÈ wh lr.ekSu iïnkaO isú,a kvqfõ§ wod< ßh wk;=r isÿjq wjia:dfõ ßh Odjkh ;=< ßhÿre o jdykfha ,shdmÈxÑ whs;slref.a ksfhdað;hd jYfhka —fojk md¾Yjh˜ o hk ;sfokdu ^3& úreoaOj kvqj mejßh hq;=fõ¡ tlS ksfhdað;hdf.a tkï fojk md¾Yjfha ku yd ,smskh fidhd .ekSu iïnkaOj w.;shg m;a md¾Yjhg fmd,sisfha iyh ,nd f.k f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSug yelshdj we;¡

m%dfhda.slj úuik l< fndfyda jkaÈ kvq widudkH f,i l,ahdug fya;= ù we;af;a kvqj mejÍfuka miq wêlrKh u.ska ú;a ; s l re fj; is ; dis ks l = ; a lsÍfï ld¾h mámdáfha§ wk;=r isÿjQ wjia:dfõ§ jQ ú;a;slre fyda ú;a;slrejkaf.a ,smskhg is;dis ksl=;a l< o tu ia:dkfha mÈxÑh ú;a;slre úiska yerf.dia we;s nj olajd,Suhs¡ fujeks wjia:djl§ ú;a;slref.a kj ,smskh fidhd .ekSug lsisÿ yelshdjla fkdue;s ùu ksid is;dis Ndr§u b;d ÿIalr fõ¡ fuys§ tlS ßhÿrd wk;=r iïnkaOfhka fmd,sish fj; § we;s ,smskhg is;dis Ndr§fuka fulS .eg¨j uÕyrjd .; yelsh¡ fudag¾ r: jdyk mk; wkqj iEu fudag¾ r:hlau ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu fukau rËKh lsßu o wksjd¾h fõ¡

jkaÈ wh lr.ekSu iïnkaO kvqjl§ uQ,sl mshjr jkafka kS;s{jrfhl= ud¾.fhka tka;rjdishla (Letter of Demand) ú;a;slre fyda ú;a;slrejka fj; heùuhs¡ fuys§ ú;a;slrejka úiska iduqyslj yd fjka fjkaj w.;shg m;a md¾Yjh fj; jkaÈ f.ùug ne§ we;s nj olajñka fulS tka;rjdish ú;a;slrejka fj; hjkq ,nhs¡ meñKs,slreg isÿjQ uq,Huh yd YdÍßl mSvd ksid isÿjQ mdvqj uqo,ska ;lafiare lr tlS uqo, tka;rjdisfha i|yka ld,h ;=< f.jk fuka tlS tka;rjdisfha i|yka lrkq ,nhs¡ kvqj mejÍug wvqu jYfhka i;s ;=klg ^3& fmr by; lS mßÈ tka;rjdish ú;a;slrejka fj; heúh hq;=fõ¡ idudkHfhka wod< ;lafiare l< uqo, i;s folla we;=<; f.jk fuka tka;rjdishl i|yka lrkq ,nhs¡



wod< wk;=r isÿjQfha ßhÿrdf.a fkdie,ls,su;alu ksid yd$fyda wk;=rla j<lajd .ekSug l%shd fkdlsßu yd $ fyda uyd ud¾.fha .uka lrkakka iïnkaOfhka ksis ie<ls,a, yd Wkkaÿj fkd±laùfï fya;=j u; tlS ßh wk;=r isÿjQ nj o



meñKs,slreg isÿjQ YdÍßl yd uQ,Huh mdvqjg iïmq¾Kfhkau fya;=jQfha tlS ßh wk;=r ksid nj o



tu ksid tlS uqo, meñKs,slre fj; f.ùug ú;a;slrejka $ fyda ú;a;slre ne|S we;s nj o - tka;rjdisfha úfYaIfhkau i|yka úh hq;=h¡



tlS tka;rjdisfha i|yka ;eke;a;d tu uqo, f.jkq fkd,enqjfyd;a tu ;eke;a;dg tfrysj kvq mjrk njo tka;rjdisfha úfYaIfhkau i|yka l<hq;=fõ¡

1¡

wod< jdykfha ,shdmÈxÑ whs;slre rËs;hd fkdjk wjia:djl ta nj rËK iud.ug fy<s fkdlr rËK .súiqug t<U we;s úgl §

2¡

rËs;hd úiska rËK .súiqfï i|yka fldkafoais lvñka ßh wk;=rlg Ndckh jQ úgl §

3¡

j,x.= n,m;%hla fkdue;sj rËs;h wk;=r isÿjQ wjia:dfõ r:h mojd we;s úgl §

4¡

uq,a wjia:dfõ § rËKh iud.u fj; is;dis bosßm;a lr fkdue;s úgl §

5¡

rËs;hd yd ßhÿrd kvqj i|yd fmkS fkdisáfuka kvqj tal md¾Yslj ;SrKh ù we;s úgl §

hk wjia:dj, yer rËKh lrk ,o jdykhla ßh wk;=rlg Ndckh jqjfyd;a tlS ßh wk;=r ksid rËs;hd yd Tyqf.a ßhÿre nefok j.lSfuka Tjqka uqojd.ekSu fyda f.úh hq;= jkaÈ uqo,a f.ùu rËK iud.u u.ska isÿlrkq ,nhs¡ ßh wk;=rla isÿjQ úgl jkaÈ whlr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka m%udKj;a ±kqula Tng iïmdokh lsÍug wm W;aidyd .;suq¡ bÈß l,dmfhka —kS;shhs Tnhs˜ úfYaIdx.h u.ska ffoksl Ôú;hg wjYH ;j;a kS;suh lreKla idlÉPd lruq¡

kS;s{ wkacdkd iS¡ udmd Èidkdhl i¾fjdaoh

7

orejdf.a Ôù;hg iaj¾Kuh wdrïNhla §ug ujlg WmldÍ jkak

w

—uõlsߧu iefjdu ch.%yKh lsÍfï uÕhs˜

o › ,xldj orejka g ujqlsߧu ms<sn|j úYd, ch.%yKhla ,ndf.k we; ol=Kq wdishdkq wka;¾ cd;sl <ore yd <ud wdydr ms<sn| ls%hdldÍ cd,h ujqlsß ,nd §u ms<sn| lrk ,o ;;a;aj úYaf,aIKh ^2011 2012& wkqj Ys% ,xldj m%:u ia:dkh f.k we; fuh wm ish¨fokdg úÑ;%j;a is;=juls tfia jqjo tu ;lafiarej wkqj y÷kd.;a ysveia mqrjd,Sug wm läkï mshjrla .;fyd;a iuia; wdishdkq l,dmh wfmalaId lrk ujqlsߧu ms<sn| wdo¾Yh f,djg y÷kajd §ug Ys% ,xldj iu;a jkq we; Ys% ,xldfõ f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh" tla i ;a cd;S k a f .a ck.yk wruqo," tlai;a cd;Skaf.a <ud wruqo," wka;¾ cd;sl lïlre ixúOdkh" ujqlsß m%j¾Ok f,dal ixúOdkh" wka;¾ cd;sl <ore yd <ud wdydr ms<sn| ls % h dldÍ cd,h" mjq , a fi!LH ld¾hdxYh" fi!LH wOHdmk ld¾hdxYh" cd;sl fmdaIK f,alï ld¾hd,h fuu m%h;akhg iydh jk cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;sl wkq.%dyl cd,hg we;=<;a fõ tu wkq.%dyl cd,fha WmfoaYd;aul l%ufõo Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka rdcH wdh;k yd isú,a iudc ixúOdk taldnoaOj <ore yd ud;D fmdaIKh ms<sn| taldnoaOj cd;sl Ñka;kh talrdYs lsÍu yd ujq j reka g yd orejka g udkj ys;jd§ f,djla ìyslsßu Wfoid m%Yia: m%fõYhla lrd fhduqùuo ld,Sk wjYH;djhls

mjd orejka f .a meje;a u g yd fi!LHhg ;¾ckhla ù we;af;a ujqlsߧfuka je<lSuhs

lD;su lsß <ore urK jeä lsÍug fya;= ù we;' yqfola ujqlsfrka muKla m<uq yh udih ;=< orejka fmdaIKh lsÍfuka orejkaf.a Ôú; iq / ls h yels h ' ujq l s ß j,s k a fmdaIs; orejka yd ii|k l,ays lD;s u fmda I Kh ,o orefjda idudkH f,i fkdjefvhs' Tjqkaf.a fi!LH ÿ¾j,h urK wkqmd;slh by<h nqoaê M,h wvqh fï ksidu iEu <orefjl=gu ujqlsß §ug ujla Èß.ekaùug lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu b;d jeo.;a fõ ujqlsß §ug iydhùu b;d jeo.;a h' ujqlsߧu ye¢kafjkafka —<ore fmdaIKfha iaj¾Kuh iïu;h˜ f,ih fndfyda ixialD;skaj, r;arka ie,flkafka jákd w.h l< hq;= jia;=jla f,ih r;arka fjkqjg ms;a;, kï Tng ,enqfka l= u la is f ;kq we;a o @ ujq l s ß fjkqjg wdfoaYl fhdod.;a l,ays isÿjkafka fujekaklau fkdfõo@ ujqlsß fok ujlg ^wïudjrekg& Èh hq ; = iydh yd ffO¾hh ksfhdackh lsÍug wms fuu mxp

ta i|yd ujqjrekag ^uQ,sl jYfhka& iylïmkfhka hqla;j weyqïlka §u uq,sl ksjerÈ ld,Sk f;dr;=re iemhSu l=i,;d mq¾K m%dfhda.sl iydh ujq j reka Èß.eka ù u" is ÿ l< hq;=h¡ ujqlsߧu i|yd ujla Èß.ekaúh hq;af;a wehs@ <orejka ie§ isákafka ujqlsfrka fmdaIKh ùugh ish¿ j¾Ok ls%hdj,sskag fyd|u wdrïNh iemfhkafka thsks ixj¾ê; rgj,

ljh Wmfhda.s lr .ksuq ldka;dj ^uj& (iduqysl;ajh yd w;a±lSï weiqßka

{dkh f.fkkafkda ldka;dfjda fj;s ldka;dfjda iydh ,nkafkda muKla fkdj iydh fokafkdao fj;s ish¨ lafIa;%j, m%Odk ls%hdldÍka Tjqyq fj;s msáka we;s lj j,ska ,efnk iydh lrk fldg flakaøSh ljh n,j;a jka k dfia u fla k a ø fhka úys f ok Yla ; s h m¾hka ; lj n,.kajhs f,dj mqrd ia:dms; lr we;s ujg uj iydhl ixúOdk cd,h fï ixl,amh úoyd olajkakls¡

cd,.;j isáfï jeo.;alu ldka ; dj ±k is á nj wfma b;sydifhka o fy<sfõ hym;a ld, jljdkqj, tlsfkld w;r fnodyod .ksñka o ÿIalr jljdkq j , tls f kldg Wmldr ùfuka o Tjqyq iïnkaO;d yd l=i,;d f.dvk.d .;ay iïm%odhsl mßirj,È ;ukg ióm úialD; mjq,a idudðlhskao cd,hg yjq,a lr .;ay ldka;djkaf.a j¾;udk N+ñldj ksji yd mjq,g wu;rj /lsrlaId iudc fiajd wOHdmkh wd§ fndafyda oE we;=<;a jk mßÈ mq¿,a ù we; fufia m%idrkh jk N+ñldj Èfkka Èk cd,.; ùfuka wjYH;dj jeä l r ; s tfy;a lK.d gq o dhl lreK l a jkafka fnda f yda ldka;d j k a g msysg me;Su i|yd Wmldr l cd, fkdue;s ù u h j¾;ud k f h a úia l D; mjqf,a idudðl f h d a i E u úgu N+f.da,Sh jYfhka iómj fkdisá;s tfyhska Tjqkg m%Odk jYfhka hemSug isÿjkafka mjqf,a idudðlhska u;h ke;fyd;a wod<

myiqlï wef;d;a ÿrl:k fyda wka ; ¾cd,h jeks ;dla I Ks l fuj,ï u;h tfy;a by; i|yka ish¨u lj m%n, kï tajdhska ujqlsß §ug ,efnk iydh iydfhys m%;sm,h jkafka wkd.; mrmq r Yla ; s u la ùuh wjika wruqK jkafka flakaø%fha isák ldka;dj l=uk ÈYdjlg yereK;a wef.a ujqlsß §fï w;a±lSï i|yd Okd;aul jq iylïmkfhka hq;a iydhla wehg Wreu lr §uhs

mjq, yd iudch (- ^m<uq mßjdr ljh& is h ¨ ldka ; dfjda mjq , hy¿ fhfy,shka yd wi,a jdiSka iuÕ in|;d mj;a j k w;r m% c dj iuÕo wkHdldrfhka in|;d mj;aj;s Ôjk ;;a;ajh iudc wd¾Ól uÜgu yd wfkl=;a ls%hdldrlï wkqj mjq,a ljfha yd wfkl=;a iïnkaO;dj, iajNdjh fjkia fõ ldka;djlg ^ujlg& ióm;u jQ;a wLkav jQ;a iydh ,eìh hq;af;a wef.a iajdñmqreIhdf.ks thg wehf.a uj ms h d ifyda o r ifyda o ßhka uq;a;d$ñ;a;ksh yd wfkl=;a ióm kEoEhska o mjqf,a tlu cd,hla f,i ujlg Wojq l< hq;=h iydh yqfola mjq,g iSud fkdúh hq;=h th bka Tíng isák ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka wi,ajdiSka yd m%cdj ;=< wehg uqK.efik ish¨u wdldrfha mqoa.,hka olajd úysÈh hq;=h ^ . f ï kdhlhska$ffjoHjre$fi!LH ld¾h uKav,h wd§& fudjqka ujqlsß §u iqúfYaI w.kd ld¾hhla f,i fkdolskafka kï th ienúka u ujg wNs f hda . d;a u l ld¾hhls tneúka uj ;=< Okd;aul wdl,am Yla;su;a lrñka yels iEu wjia:djl §u uj iy orejd tlg ;eîug wkqn, §u yd Woõ lsßu ujqlsß §ug iydh §ula fõ ldka;dfjda Tjqka jik iudch yd ixialD;sl miqìu ;=< udOH Tiafia Tjqkag wikakg olskakg lshjkakg ,efnk fohska Okd;aul fiau iDKd;aul n,meïj,g o md;% fj;s m%n, iudc cd,hlg iDKd;aul n,mEï hgm;a fldg ujf.a Okd;aul Yla;Ska jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug iydh úh yelsh

i¾fjdaoh

8

fi!LH iq/lSu (- ^fojk ljh& fi!LH wdrlaIl moaO;s yd tajdg iïnkaO mqoa.,fhda ujqlsß §ug iDcq f,i yd jl% f,i n,mdk Tjqka iudcfha f.!rjhg md;% jka f kda fj;s tneúka Tjq k a iudcfha lshk lrk oE fi!LH p¾hd flfrys fnfyúka n,mdka f ka a h Tjq k a úIhfhys id¾:l ujqlsß §fï mqreÿ we;s lsÍug kï orejd ,eîug fmr yd miq wÈhrhkag .e<fmk m%Yia; ms<sfj;a ms<sn| j;auka ±kqu ks;r ks;r Yla;sula l< hq;=h fï i|yd iydh §ug rcfha$rdcH fkdjk wdh;k úYd, lem ùula lrkq ,nhs fuhs k a Wmßu M, ,nd .ekSug Tjqka Èßu;a lsÍu yd we.ehSug ,la lsÍu w;SYhskau jeo.;a lreKls¡

m%iq;sfhka miq jegqma iys; ksjdvq mä rys;j ,nd Èh yels ksjdvq jevfmdf<ys yd Bg iómj we;s <ore iq/l=ï myiqlï fjkia f,i fkdie,lSu ujf.a leue;a; mßÈ /lshdfõ kshe,Sug we;s kuHYs,s nj wd§ foa ms<sn|j l<ukdlrKh wjOdkh fhduq lsßu wehg ujqlsß §ug Wmldrl rduqjla ilikafkah¡ ta rduqj ;=< —jevlrk wïudjrekaf.a iydhl lKavdhï˜ tkï mjq, wi,ajdiSka iudcfha úúO lKavdhï yd wdh;kfha fiajlhska yd m%OdkSka olajd jq ish,af,dau ujf.a wdOdrlrefjda fj;s fï ish,a,f.a Okd;a u l

la I Ks l j we;s j k mjq , a m% Y a k Èlalido ùu ysrndrhg m;aùu jeks w¾nQoldÍ isoaêj,§ jqjo ujqlsß fok ujlg iydh ùug l%ufõo we; wjYH jkafka tjeks ldka;djka ms<sn|j wjfndaOhlska hq ; q = j lghq ; = ls Í uhs ujf.ka orejd fjka fkdlsÍug;a wehg WmfoaYk fiajd ,nd §ug;a orejd wdfoaYl lD;su lsßj,g fhduq lsÍfuka fírd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu j.lsjhq;a;kaf.a$iydhl

wdl ,am wehg ujqlsß oSfï iaj¾K iïu;h idlaId;a lr .ekSug w;aje,la fõ

lKavdhï j, iy iïm;a mqoa.,hskaf.a j.lSu fõ

úfYaI wjia:d

rch yd kS;s iïmdokh(- ^;=ka jk ljh& ldka;djkaf.a Ôú;fhys fndfyda wxYj,g wod< iydh iemhSu i|yd rdcH m%;sm;a;s yd jHjia:d iïmdokh jeo.;a wjYH;djhls kS;s iïmdokfhys u;fNao ksrdlrKh lsÍfuys yd mßmd,k ;SrK .ekSfuys,d wêldÍ;ajh orkafka rchhs ujqlsß §u m%j¾Okh i|yd kS;s yd rdcH m%;sm;a;s b;d jeo.;a fõ rdcHhka úiska wdfoaYl lsß j¾.

Ndú;h ms<sn| cd;Hka;r Í;s ud,dj ls%hd;aul lsÍfïÈ ujqlsrg úk lrk jdKsc n,mEï j,ska ujqjreka wdrlaId lr .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu ±äf,i wjOdkh fhduq l<hq;= lreKls¡ /lshd ia:dkh yd /lshdj (^y;rjk ljh& —iEu ujlau jev lrk ujls˜ hk fuu mdGfhka ujlf.a Ôú;fha h:d¾:h ms<sônq fõ ujla ùu hkq orejkaf.a /ljrKh yd iqNidOkh ms<sn| j.lSu ±Íuhs¡ wef.a fuu ld¾hh i|yd mjqf,a$iudcfha$jev lrk ia:dkfha mq¾K iyfhda.h ,nd§u w;SYhska jeo.;a jkafka h¡ orejd ;kslr ujqlsfrka fmdaIKh jk ih uilg jvd wvq orejkag iEu meh 24 lgu idudkHfhka tfldf,dia jrlaj;a Èjd ? ujqlsß Èh hq;=h¡ th uq¿ oji mqrd uj jev lrk w;r úfõl .kakd w;r muKla fkdj rd;s% ld,h ;=<o isÿ jkakls ujqlsß fok ujlg ksoyi udkisl i;=g úfõlh yd ujqlsß §ug oß .ekaùu wksj¾hfhka u jeo.;a jkafka h¡ tfia jq l< ;u orejdg ujqlsr ,nd §fï Yla;sh wE ;=< j¾Okh lrhs ¡ ks j fia fuka u /lshd lrk ia:dkh ;=<È ujlg ,eìh hq;= wdorh lreKdj ms<s.ekSu wehg ,nd Èh hq;=h wehf.a wjYH;d ms<sn| m%OdkSka wE iuÕ idlÉPd lsÍu b;du jeo.;a fõ¡ /lshdfõ iqrlaIs; nj we;s lrk ud;D wdrla I l m% ; s m ;a ; s ore

ujqlsß fok ujqjreka w¾nQo j,g yd yÈis wjia:dj,g uqyqK §u (^miajk ljh& ujla ;u md,kfhka f;dr mSvkhlg hg;ajk l,ays wef.a m%Odk j.lSu njg m;ajkafka orejdf.a id;a;=j fkdj meje;auhs tysÈ wehg iqrlaIs; jdiia:dkfhla wdydrmdk we÷ï me<ÿï wdÈh Wmhd .ekSug;a mjqf,a idudðlhska yd wfkl=;a Wmldrl lKavdhï iuÕ iïnkaO;d meje;aùug;a wjYH mßirh ilid §u b;d jeo.;a fõ fï ;=<ska wef.a ukig n,mdk mSvkh wju ùu;a wef.a udkisl ;Dma;sh j¾Okh ùu;a ksid ;u orejdg ujqlsß §ug weh ks;e;skau fhduq fõ¡ iajNdúl wmodj,§ o hqoaOh yd .egqï mj;sk wjia:dj,§ o mjqf,a ;u yqremqreÿ mßirfhka fjkalr kqmqreÿ ia:dkj, mÈxÑ flfr;s¡ fujka wjia:dj,§ o ujqlsß fok ujq j reka f .a wjYH;d ms < s n |j ^jdiia:dk wdydr fi!LH we÷ï me<÷ï ikS m drla I l myiq l ï m%:udOdr c,h& wd§ foa ms<sn|j ksr;=rej fidhd ne,Su jeo.;a jka f ka h fujeks wjia : dj,È ujlg ;u orejdg Èh yels jvd;a u wdrla I dldÍ wdydrh jkafka ujqlsßh

fi!LH .eg¨ fi!LH .eg¨jlg md;% jq mjq,lg úfYaI wjYH;d we; ujla frda y ,a . ;j is á k wjia : djl lsßfndk orejl= isàkï orejd frday,g f.k hEug we;s jrm%ido ms<sn| fidhd n,d lghq;= lsÍu fyda ;j;a tjeksu ksfrda.s lsß wïu,df.a Woõfjka orejd fmdaIKh lsÍug lghq;= iïmdokh lsßu b;du;a jeo.;a jkafkah HIV/AIDS wdidokhlhg ,la jq ujlg ujqlsß §u wNsfhda.ldÍ fohla jqj;a f.da,Sh fi!LH iïu; j,g wkqj ffjoHjreka ks¾foaYs; lr we;a f ;a m<uq yh udih ujq l s ß j,s k a u orejd fmda I Kh lsÍug iqÿiq mßirh Yla;sula lsÍug lghq;= lsßu jeo.;a njhs¡ ish¨ ujqjre wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK fo;s taksid jeo.;a jkafka ish¨ lsß wuudjreka ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug - Tjqkag iydh úh yels lKa v dhï iudch ;= < ia:dms; lsÍu iqÿiq ls%hdj,shka ks¾udKh lsÍuhs WodyrK (- jYfhka .;fyd;a wd¾Ól w;s k a ÿn, ;;a ; a j hl isák ujla uqyqK fokafka fjk;a wdldrhl wNsfhda. iuQyhlgh wOHdmkh iïm;a há;, myiqlï yd uQ,sl wjYH;d fkdue;s ùu hk

fï is h ,a , ujla uq y q K fok wys;lr wNsfhda.hkah fñjd ixj¾ê; rgl jqjo ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgl jqjo tl yd iudkj mej;sh yelsh tksid ujqlsß fok uj iqúfYaIs mqqoa.,fhla nj iuia; iudch ±kqj;a ùu jeo.;a fõ lsß fok ujlg iydh ùu hkq iaj¾Kuh wkd.;hlg nqoaêu;a ore mrmqrla we;s lsÍug iydh ùuh ujqlsß fok ujlg ^iydh jkakkaf.a & ueÈy;alrejkaf.a j.lS u jka f ka fuu ldrKh iunka O j is h ¨ f;dr;= r e^m%dfhda.sl yd kHdhsl& ms<sn| ±kqu l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu¡ yels iEu úgu tu ±kqu - mqoa.,hkag$mjq,aj,g iudchg$jev lrk ia:dkj,g ,nd §ug lghq;= iïmdokh lsßu¡ ujqjreka wjYH;dj,g ixfõ§j iydhùug;a Tjqkag ys;lr mßirhla f.dv ke.Sug ks¾udKYS,s l%ufõo y÷kd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu¡¡ úfYaIfhka mjq,a tall ;=< i;=g iu.sh wdorh lreKdj ms<s.ekSu wd§ foa Yla;Sula lsÍug ks;r wjOdkh fhduq lsßu¡ ujqlsß fok ujlg iydh ùu iudcfha Ôj;ajk ish,a,f.a j.lSula nj ;yjqre ls Í ug lghq ; = ls Í u¡ iEu ldka;djlgu Wodr ujla ùfï Nd.H Wodlr .ekS u g wo iudch ;=< fi!LH fiajdfõ úoHd;aul Yla;Ska j¾Okh ù we;s nj;a wod, f;dr;=re ksr;=rej ,nd .ekSug ^iïm;aodhl wdh;k$mqoa.,hska& ldka;djkag uqK.eiaùug myiqlï i,id§u yd f;dr;=re ,nd§u&¡ iEu ujlgu ;u orejdg ;udg leu;s ld,hla ujqlsß ,nd §ug yels njg úYajdihla weh ;=< ;yjqre lsÍu - ksr;=rej ujqjrekag ta nj mejiSu lsßfok ujf.a fmdaIKh yd fi!LH ms<sn| jeä wjOdkhlska lghq;= lsÍug wehj Wkkaÿ lrùu ujqlsß fok ujlg ys x idjka g uq y q K §ug isÿjk wjia:d iïmq¾Kfhka ke;s lsÍug yels ;rï W;aidy lrkak wkafkdakH iïnkaO;d Yla;sula lr .ekSug iydhùu orejdg uq,a udi 06 iïmq ¾ Kfhka ujq l s ß muKla ,nd§ug;a udi 6 ka miq ujqlsßj,g wu;rj fjk;a wdydr §ug ujf.a ±kqu wdl,am l=i,;d yels iEu úgu Yla;sula lsÍug iydhùu hkdÈhhs¡ fï wkqj ujqlsß fok ujla osß.ekaùu m%cdfõ wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= jeo.;a lreKls' th id¾:l lsßfuys,d ish,a,ka úiska bgql< hq;= N+ñldjla we;' tkï" <ore ñ;=re mßirhla we;s lsÍug ish,a,kaf.au iydh ,nd §uhs' úu,d rK;=x. fmdaIK jevigyka iïnkaêldrl i¾fjdaoh l=,Õk ixioh

i¾fjdaoh

9

fodU.iaúkak fyakahdh Y%uodkh 2013 fmnrjdß 09 yd 10 Èkhkays isÿlrk ,o fodU.iaúkak fyakahdh Y%uodkfha § Bg iyNd.s jQ m%cdj úiska fnodyod .;a ish w;a±lSï iïnkaOfhka wm fj; tjd we;s rij;a ks¾udKhls¡

foafYdaoh hy md,kh úksúo nj fmrg ck ú{dkfhka ck iqj yod fmdÿ ck;djf.a ÿla.sks ksjd —foafYdaoh˜ Èfka ck yo Èkd

f.k f.k f.k f.k

me,auvq,a, m%d¡ f,a fldgig whs;s fyakahdh ÿmam;a .uls fndre ke;s tys .eñhkaf.a is;a ;=< fï nj fkdue;s i¾fjdaofha ßoauh ta yfoys we;s

tlafjuq" tlg buq" ÿl iem fnod ke;sneß whf. ÿla.sks wms ksjd iodpdrlï hy.=K jvd foafYdaofhka cd;sh wms k.d

.uq ,uq ,uq ,uq

ÿkafkuq Woõjla i¾fjdaoh .ïuqka msìÿKd foafYdaoh oEf;a ùßh uy n,hla hhs f,dl= jEhla l<d foafYdaoh

oiqkska yeÕ=fuka is;ñka kdfuka

w,a,i ÿIKh ;j f.dv f,dl= Wkaf.a iem; ñi wkq iem ÿre bj;g oud .=Kul=lï jeä foafYdaofhka i|yg fï rg

flreug flreug flreug /l=ug

fmdä Wka f,dl= tjqka ljqre;a tl lhshka l+ôhka Wka yg mrd je,s.,a isfuka;s iuÕska fmdr fyakahdh i¾fjdaofhka mryla

jdf.hs ohs w,a,hs ,nhs

n,.ekaúh hq;=hs ÿmam;a ck we;s l< hq;=hs .=Kj;alï fkdm ysf;a iúh wúhla l< ck i¾fjdaofha Yla;sh .eñ ck

;dj udj ;dj ;dj

.=fKa,d rEmkS,d w,s we;a;= i¾fjdaohg fï wh rcjreka .eyeKqka Wk;a fï foh fkdlshd ck mqnqÿjg fï wh —WmfoaYl˜

jf.hs jf.hs neßfjhs fidhhs

Ôj;ajk fuf,dj yeu ñksfyl= whs;sjdislï ±k.;= ;u i;= n,h fldmuK±hs fkd± ú{dkfha wvqjla hhs lshñ

f.au fiau kSu uu

giauka wfma ys;j;a kshuqjd Tn,d .;a fjfyi u,aM, ±rejd uf.a w;a±lSug kj ux tl;= —i¾fjdofhka˜ —foafYdaoh˜ M,

Kks fuks jqKs ±reKs

fï yeufoau meyeÈ,s lr ±k ú{dkh" n,h Yla;sh f.dkq Tnf.a Èúuf.a fjkila lr —foafYdaoh˜ jgd lõre;a tla

.kak jkak .kak jkak

Èjdyuqj rij;a jQ fufyd;la lsõ lú l;d yeu fndfydu;a M, ug isÿjqK ÿlla Wyq,d.kq —.sksje, o¾Yfkka˜ ne¨jd kï

h nrh neßh fyd`oh

wä myl ÿrla mdrl w¨;a .eñ ck yog foafYdaoh we;=¿ fï hk .uk yßhg .sfhd;a ien —wdßhr;ak f,dj˜ wo fyg ìys

jqKd jqKd úkd fjkd

—

foafYdaohg ys;e;af;da˜ foafYdaoh uKav,h me,auvq,a, 2013¡02¡09"10 fodT.iaúkak fyakahdh .fï§

m%cd ysñldÍ;ajhla ;=<ska m%fndaou;a l%shdldÍ;ajhla jHdmD;sfha m<uq jevuq¿j ;%sl=Kdu,fha§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ iaúiag¾,ka; ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha uq,H wdOdr u; i¾fjdaoh uÕska l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk —m%cd ysñldÍ;ajh ;=<ska m%fndaOu;a l%shdldÍ;ajhla lrd jHdmD;sfha m<uqjk jevuq¿j 2013 wfma%,a 26 jk Èk isg 29 jk Èk olajd ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%sla uOHia:dkfha § meje;a úh¡ fï i|yd wïmdr" uvl,mqj" ;%sl=Kdu,h" uq,;sõ" ls , s f kdÉÑ" hdmkh" jõks h dj yd ukakdru hk Èia;%slalhkays f;drd.;a foa f Yda o h uKa v , idudðlhka 40 fofkl= wod< m%foaYsh kshuq fiajl fiaúldjka yd Èia;%sla kshuq fiajl fiaúldjka o iyNd.s úh¡ LLRC ks.uk" tys miqìu yd wod<;ajh" hymd,kh" yd WmfoaYkh"

m%cd jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍug wod< uq,sl lreKq ms < s n |j fuu jevuq ¿ fõ § idlÉPdjg ,la úh¡ › ,xldfõ cd;sl m%;sikaOdk l%shdj,sfhys fïid jeo.;a N+ñldjla rÕ olajk LLRC ks.uk ms<sn|j ckudOH uÕska wid we;s kuq;a tys l%shdldÍ;ajh wod< lr.ekSu ms<sn| ks i s ±kq u la ;uka ,enq f ha fuu jevuq¿fõ mqyqKqfõ § nj iyNd.slhka mejiQy¡ fuu jevigyfkys B<Õ ms h jr jYfhka wod< m% d foa Y s h foa f Yda o h uKAv, idudðlhka yd Tjqkaf.a m,d;a md,k wdh;k iuÕ m%cd jHdmD;shla ie<iqï lsÍfï jevuq¿ uehs udifha § tla tla m%foaYhkays§ isÿ flf¾¡

foafYdaoh ys;e;af;da foafYdaoh uKav,h me,auvq,a,¡

i¾fjdaoh cd;Hka;r wxYh EU-ACAP-OXFAM-GB jHdmD;sh mska,ka;fha fy,aiskals úYaj úoHd,fha uypd¾hjreka fofofkl= yd tys YsIHhka odyih fofkl=f.ka iukaú; lKavdhula uehs 20 jk Èk i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkfha cd;Hka;r wxYhg meñKsug ie<iqï fldg ;sfí¡ uehs 22 isg 25 Èk olajd lE.,a, Èia ; % s l a l fha nq , ;a f ldyq m s á h m% f oa Y fha mka k , .ïudkh ms < s n | úúO fËa ; % h ka f .a k a .fõIKd;a u l wOHhkhla lsßug fuu lKavdhu wfmaËs;h¡ fuu ld¾hh iïnka ê lrK lrñka i¾fjdaoh cd;Hka;r wxYh úiska uehs ui uq,a i;sh ;=< wjika jrg mkak, .ïudkfha fË;% ksßËKh lghq;= isÿlsßug kshñ;h¡

01 msgqfjka - i¾fjdaofha m%n, ls%hdldrlfhlaf.a i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkh yd ksrka;rfhka iïnkaOfjñka lghq;= lrñka wjq 75la wdhq j<|d wm w;ßka fjkajQ wêkS;s{ tï¡ udßhma m ka uy;d is y s l rñka 2013¡04¡30 jk Èk WoEik i¾fjdaoh Wm iNdm;sks kS;d wdßhr;ak ue;skshf.a m%Odk;ajfhka mjq,a yuqjla meje;aúKs¡ fï i|yd i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkfha ish¨u idudðlhka iyNd.S jQ w;r tys§ i¾fjdaoh Wm iNdm;sks kS;d wdßhr;ak ue;sksh úiska tï¡ udßhmamka uy;df.a .=K isyslrñka fYdalh m<lrk ,§¡ bkaÈhdfõ .dkaê .%dï úYaj úoHd,fha

i

¾fjdaoh u.ska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk EU-ACAP-OXFAM-GB jHdmD;sh hgf;a 2013¡04¡23 jk os k uvl<mq f õ id¾la f.dvke.s , a , m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hg Ndrfok ,§¡ tÈku tu m%foaYfha ldka;djka i|yd iajhx /lshd u.ska wdodhka Wmhd.ekSfï ld¾hhg Èßh foñka wjYH øjHhka ,nd§uo isÿlrk ,§¡ bÈßld,hka ;=< ;%sl=Kdu,h" l,auqfka Èia;%slalhka ;=< ;ekSug kshñ; f.dvke.s,s i|yd wjYH lghq;= mßËd fldg Bg wod< ñksï ;s r Kh ls ß u o is ÿ úh¡ ;% s l = K du,h" uvl,mqj" wïmdr hk Èia;%slalhkays f.dvke.s,s ieliSug wjYH jd¾;djka ilia lsÍu o fï jk úg isÿfõ¡

01 msgqfjka - i¾fjdaofha <ud l`ojqr wruqfKka fuu <ud l|jqr ixúOdkh flf¾¡ fï hgf;a tu m%foaYfha wjq¡ 5 isg 16 olajd orejka /ia fldg isÕs;s yjq,a msysgqjd Tjqkaf.a olaI;d yd kdhl;aj .=Kdx. we;s lsÍu i|yd <ud l|jqr meje;a ù ug ks h ñ;h¡ fuu jHdmD;s h hgf;a i¾fjdaoh SRTS uq,sl;ajfhka uq,;sõ" ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%slalhkays fmr mdie,a f.dvke.s,s m%;sixialrKh lsÍuo isÿfõ¡ i¾fjdaoh o¾Ykfha ms<sn| b.ekaùï isÿ l< tï¡ udßhmamka uy;d i¾fjdaofha b.ekaùï m%.=K lrkafkls¡ i¾fjdaoh yd ±ä iïnkaOhla mej;s tï¡ udßhmamï uy;d isyslrñka i¾fjdaoh kdhl .re iNdm;s wdpd¾h ta¡ à¡ wdßhr;ak uy;df.a m%Odk;ajfhka wd.ñl j;dj;a ixúOdkh lsÍugo bÈßfha§ kshñ;h¡

i¾fjdaoh

10

lukSh mrsirh .ek rukSh woyia mßirh

ixrËKh ms<sn|j lf,l isgu ±ä l;dnyla u;=ù ;sfí¡ fuhg fya;=j mßirhg nrm;, f,i ;¾ck t,a,ùu hehs lsjfyd;a th wi;Hhla fkdfõ¡ mßirh úúO whqßka w¾: ±laúh yelsh¡ f,dj uyd mßirfõÈhdKka jQ nqÿrcdKka jykafia foiq fujoka úuid n,kak¡

we,aâia ylaia,s mßirh .ek fufia lshhs¡ — fidndoyug fyd|ska i,lkak túg fidndoyu Tng fyd|ska i,lkq we;¡ fidndoyug hï mSvdjla fyda úkdYhla l<fyd;a fidndoyu Tn blauKska úkdY lrkq we;¡ › cjy¾,d,a fkare;=ukaf.a mßir ±lau fun÷h¡ —ck.ykh by< hk úg wdydr fnda. jeäfhka j.d l<hq;af;a iQlaIu j.dl%u u.sks¡ cd;sfha wd¾Ólhg n,mdk jkdka;r úkdY lsÍu thg ms<shula fkdfõ˜¡

—jkdka;rh jQ l,S iajlSh meje;au Wfoid b,a,Sï fkdlrkakdjQ o wiSñ; ohdkqlïmdjlska iy mß;Hd.YS,sNdjhlskao hq;a wmqre Ôúfhls¡ th il< Ôúkag /ljrKh i,ihs¡ fmdfrda myßka ish úkdYh i,ikakdg mjd fijk fohs¡

fkd¾fõ ysgmq w.ue;s fkdyd,ï nDks,kaâ mßirh w¾: olajkafka fumßoafoks —mßirh hkq wm jdih lrk ia:dkhhs¡ ixj¾Okh hkq tu ia:dkh ;=< wfma ÈhqKqj we;s lsßu i|yd wm ish¨fokdu isÿlrk fohhs¡ fï fol tlska tl fjka l< fkdyel¡

jk frdamiq;%fha fujka i|ykla fjhs¡ —hï flfkla u,a m, Whka jjkafkda fj;ao mshú jk j.dfldg fo;ao" ta o~q md,ï ;k;a o" meka y¨ka" meka fmdl=Kq;a" wdjdi;a idohso" Tjqkaj oyj¨;a" /fhys;a iEu l,ayS;a l=i,a jef☡ fï i|yk we;=<;a jkafka f;añh cd;lfhah¡ —hï .ia fijKlska úvd ixis|jd .;a wfhl= ta .fia w;a;la fyda lvd oukafka kï fyf;u ñ;% fødaysfhls¡ ñ;% >d;lfhls¡ wOu mqoa.,fhls˜¡ i;aj ysxikh .ek fï i|yk tkafka Oïu mofhysh — hfula ;udf.a iem n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka iem leu;s wka i;ajhka oKafvka fkdfm<hs kï Tyq mrf,dfjys § iem ,nkafkah¡ ñysÿ uy ry;ka jykafia úiska fojk mE;sia rcq wrUhd lS fujoka úuid n,kak¡ —uyrc f;dmg fukau ish¨ isõmd i;=kago mËskago fï foaYfha ´kEu ;ekl úiSug yeisßug whs;shla we;¡ N+ñh wh;a jkafka uyck;djg yd fiiq i;=kagh¡ f;dm tys Ndrlrejd muKshs˜¡

01 msgqfjka - w;yer,d hkak kï nE uy;a;fhda

B

g miafia wms ks;shla f.kdjd Kh re 25000g jeä kï fokaku weú;a w;aika lrkak ´fka lsh,d¡ wkak ta úÈyghs wmsu l% u fõohka yodf.k fï úÈyg iñ;sh .u ;=< f.dvkÕd .;af;a· tfyu f.dvk.mq iñ;shg ljodj;a jefgkak fokak nE' fï iNdm;s OQrh ug ;j;a ld,hla orkak nE¡ fï ;k;=re .kak miqfm<la ie§ meye§ bkakjd¡ tys lsisu .eg¨jla kE¡ fyg jqK;a msßisÿ ú.Kkhla tlal iNdm;slu ´k flfkl=g lrka k mq ¿ jka ¡ ta ;rï ms ß is ÿ ú.Kkhla uu jd¾Islj bÈßm;a lrkjd· uu jd¾Is l uy iNd /iaùu lrkjd· ljodj;a Pkafoka iNdm;s fj,d kE¡ Pkafoka f;arej;a uu iNm;sfjkakE¡ ug orejka 4 fofkla bka k jd' uy;a ; fhla bka k jd· ta fia r u jevlr,d ojfika jeä m%udKhla i¾fjdaofha fjkqfjka uf.a Ôúf;a lem lr,d bjrhs¡ th ux fndfydu wdidfjka lrkafka· orefjda nKskjd wïug i¾fjdaofhka f;dr f,dalhla kE ls h ,d¡ ux ls h kjd Tõ we;a ; i¾fjdaofhka f;dr f,dalhla kE ug¡ wms Tn;=ud tlalhs hkafka¡ Tn;=ud oka k jd we;s .ug wd od wms Tn;= u ka g ie<l= f õ fldfyduo lsh,d ta ie<l=fõ ojila folla fkfï wjqreÿ .Kkdjla ;siafia wm iñ;sh Tn;=udg lrk ,o ie<ls,a,la¡ i¾fjdaofha uq,H iud.ula we;sjqKdu wms i;=gg m;a jQKd¡ uq,H iud.u Kh ÿkafkd;a ta Kh wh lr.kak iEu Yla;shlau

orkak w¿fndauq,a, iñ;sfha wOHË uKav,h ,eia;shs¡ iNdm;s jYfhka tys lsis .eg¨jla kE lsh,d ug lshkak mq¿jka¡ .sh i;sfh ojil ug ÿrl;kfhka iñ;s f ha tla ks , OdÍ uy;a ; fhla l:dlr,d lsõjd ;eóm;a .;af;d;a ysf¾ hkakfjhs lsh,d· ux lsõjd lula kE wms ysf¾ huq¡ wms krl jevla lr,d fkfïfka ysf¾ hkafka .ug hula lr,d¡ wo .fï iñ;s .Kkdjlau ;sfhkjd¡ kuq;a i¾fjdaoh iñ;s ;rï Èf,k iñ;shla w¿fndauq,af,a kE lsh,d ug wjxlju lshkak mq¿jka¡ ta ux f.k.s h m% ; s m ;a ; s f ha fyd|lu ls h ,d ux ldka ; djla jYfhka wdvïnrfhka lshkjd¡ wfma iñ;sfha ria i dj,a lrk ;= k a foka f kla bkakjd¡ ta whg wms jegqmla fokafka ,dNhla Wmh,d¡ ta k s i d kej; kej;;a ux wdßhr;ak ue;s;=udg lshkafka Tnj" i¾fjdaoh w;er,d wmg hkak nE uy;a;fhd'a wms hkafka Tn;=ud tlalhs¡ wms Tn;=ud f.k wd m%;sm;a;shlgj;a" jpkhlgj;a tydhska jevlr,d kE¡ ljodj;a Tn;= u df.a jpkhlg msáka wms jevlr,d kE¡ DDFC foafYdaoh uq,H iud.u ms<sn|j i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;s okqj;a lsßu fjkqfjka 2013¡04¡05 osk i¾fjdaoh úYaj iudê iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ§ isÿlrk ,o okqj;a lssßu wjidkfha § iï;S ks,OdÍka f.a woyia yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lsßfï § w¿fndauq,a, i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;sfha iNdm;sks wï;d ñ;%r;ak uy;aïh úiska isÿlrk ,o woyia m%ldY lsßuls¡

—foúhka jäkafka;a msßisÿ ;eklghs˜ w,a l=rdKh lshhs¡ r;= bkaÈhdkq kdhl isheg,af.a ú.%yh wmqreh¡ —fï ìï;,h wmg isoaOia:dkhls¡ .x.d we<fod< Tiafia Èfjk Èhlÿ yqfola c,h muKlau fkdfõ¡ tajd wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;kaf.a Ôj reêrhhs¡ tajdo wmg Y=oaO jia;= nj wm u;l ;nd .; hq;=h¡ tmuKla o fkdj tajd Y=oaO jia;= nj wm wfma ¥ orejkago b.ekaúh hq;=hs¡ ta úúO foaYfm%añ kdhlhkaf.a mßir is;=jïh¡ tajd —wmg mßirh rlsk is;=ú,s j¾Okhg rel=,la fkdjkafkao˜

ofòf.dv ðkodi

01 msgqfjka - úl,am wd¾Ól l%uhg msúisfï m%Odk i¾fjdaoh foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.fï (DDFC) kS;suh miqìu iy l%fudamdhka uq,sl lr.ksñka meje;ajQ fuu foaYkfha wruqK meyeÈ,s lsÍu yd wdrdê; wuq;a;ka ms<s.ekSu ix.ufha kdhl .re iNdm;s wdpd¾h ta¡ à wdßhr;ak uy;d úiska isÿlrk ,o w;r tys§ i¾fjdaoh meñKs §¾> .uka uÕ;a bÈßhg hd hq;= .uka u.;a" bÈßfha§ i¾fjdaoh ix.uhla jYfhka bjiSfuka yd m%{dfjka lghq;= bgqlrkafka flfiao hkak;a meyeÈ,s lrk ,§¡ iSäia wdh;kfha iNdm;s ohd uq;= l=udrK uy;d úiska i¾fjdaoh foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.fï ixhq;sh tys iajNdjh bÈßm;a lrñka lshd isáfha i¾fjdaoh u.ska bÈßm;a l< úl,am wd¾Ól l%uhg msúisfï m%Odk fodrgqj f,i DDFC wdh;khg úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= njhs¡ DDFC wdh;kh hkq isâia wdh;kh úiska ish¨u uq,H Okh fhdojd wdrïN lrk ,o › ,xld uyd nexl=fõ wkque;sh yd n,m;%h ,;a uq,H iud.uhs¡ fuys§ t;=uka úiska jeä ÿrg;a DDFC wdh;kh ;=<ska kS;Hdkql+,j .kqfokq mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh yd Kh ,ndÈh hq;= wdldrh fuys§ meyeÈ,s lrk ,§¡ kS;s" nexl= yd uq,H lghq;= ms<sn| foaYSh" cd;Hka;r" úfYaI{ wdpd¾h úl%u úriQßh ue;s;=ud úiska foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.fï ks;suh miqìu yd l%fudamdhka ms<sn| úfYaI foaYk isÿ lrk ,o w;r tys§ uE;ld,Skj › ,xldfõ uq,H wdh;khkays isÿjQ ì|jeàï yd tys§ uy nexl=j úiska .kakd ,o l%shdud¾.hka fukau uq,H iud.ï i|yd ld,Skj mekjQ kS;sß;ska iïnkaOfhka ±kqj;a lsÍu isÿlrk ,oS¡ óg wu;rj uq,H iud.ula jYfhka foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.u uq,H kS;suh mokula hgf;a ìysùfï iajrEmho meyeÈ,s lrk ,§¡ foaYkh wjidkfha § Bg iyNd.Slrejkaf.a woyia yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lsßu úfYaI;ajhla úh¡ fuu foaYkh fufyhùu úOdhl wOHË iqnfiak o is,ajd uy;d úiska isÿlrk ,o w;r fï i|yd foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.fï m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ$ l<ukdldr wOHËl Yls, úfÊj¾Ok uy;d" foafYdaoh ixj¾Ok uq,H iud.fï yd iSâia wdh;kfha wOHË uKav,fha idudðlhka we;=¿ tys ks,OdÍka fukau i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkfha fcHIaGhska /ila yd ish¨u fiajl fiaúldjka" ,xldfõ ish¨u Èia;%slalhl j, i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk iñ;s ks<OdÍka yd l<ukdlrejka we;=¿ msßia iyNd.S úh¡

01 msgqfjka - uõjrekaf.a yd orejkaf.a fi!LH idhkh

orejka iys; uújreka talrdYS fldg ±kqj;a lsßï yd ksfjia fj; f.dia <orejkaf.a fmdaIKh iïnkaOfhka ±kqj;a lsÍu isÿfõ¡ <orejkaf.a fmdaIK jd¾;djkag wkq j wvq nr orejka g úfYa I

wjOdkh fhduq lrñka mjq,a fi!LH fiaúldjka yryd uõjreka ±kqj;a lsÍu isÿflf¾¡ bÈß i;s lsysmh ;=<o lsrdka m%foaYfha fuu jHdmD;s f ha jevigyka folla lsÍug kshñ;j mj;shs¡

i¾fjdaoh

11

f

mdfydi;=ka iy ÿmam;=ka w;r mj;sk n, wiu;=,s;;dj iy ixj¾Ok úIu;djka msgq ±lSu Wfoid l%shd;aul lrk úúO;ajfhka hq;= jHdmD;s i|yd jvd;a WÑ; m%fõYhla jYfhka iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Ok (Participatory Development - PD) Wmk;sh uE; ld,Skj j¾Okh ù ;sfí¡ ish¨ fldgialrejka ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg il%Shj iyNd.s úh hq;= nj;a ixj¾Ok m%h;akhkays§ iajfoaYSl {dkh fkdi,ld yeÍu fkdl< hq;= nj;a bka m%ldY úh¡ ixj¾Ok ld¾hhkays § m%cd iyNd.S;ajh ,nd .ekSfuka tlS ixj¾Ok lghq;=j, M,odhsl;ajh iy ;sridrNdjh jvd by< kexfjk nj tu.ska wjOdrKh úh¡ ixj¾Ok l%shdj,skaj, § fuf;la mej;s —by< isg my<g ixj¾Okh fufyhùfï m%fõYhg˜ (Top - Down Development Approach) úl,amhla jYfhka bÈßm;a úh¡ fuu ikao¾Nh udkqIjd§ Wmldrlhka (Humanitarian Aids) iy ixj¾Ok m%h;ak (Development Works) fË;%fhys kj udkhka (New Dimensions) úodrKh lrk ,§¡ ksoiqka f,i —läkï .%dóh úuiqu˜ (Rapid Rural Approach) iy —iyNd.S;aj .%dóh úuiqu˜ (Participatory Rural Approach) Ndú;hg meñKSu fmkajdÈh yelsh¡ úfYaIfhkau ixj¾Ok l%shdldrlïj, m%;s,dN Rcqj N=la;s ú|skakka iy msgia;r wdOdr lKavdhï tlaj l%shd;aul lrk ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj,§ iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Ok ixl,amh m%dfhda.sl ;,fha § fhdod .kq ,efí¡ ixj¾Ok jHdmD;skag mdol jk ixl,am fhdackdjka bÈßm;a ùfï isg l%shd;aul wjêh olajd mßKduh ùfï § foaYmd,ksl jYfhka ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh ta yd noaO ù mj;sk neúka lsisÿ ixj¾Ok m%fõYh fhdod f.k isÿ lrk ixj¾Ok ld¾hhkao foaYmd,ksl uqyqKqjrla .kq ,efí¡ tys § úfYaIfhkau isÿ jkqfha ixj¾Ok jHdmD;skays § .%dóh uÜgfï ;SrK .ekSu n,jka;lrKhg (Emowering) ,la lsÍu iy tu ;SrK cd;sl ;,fha § iqcd;Ndjhg (Legitimizing) m;a lsÍuh¡ tu l%shdj,sfha § ìï uÜgfï ck;dj iún, .ekafõ¡ tu ;;a;ajh tla;rd wkaoulg .%dóh m%cdjg iajhx ks¾Kh (Self-Determination) whs;sh ,nd§u yd iudklula olajhs¡ foaYmd,kh iy ixj¾Okh w;r wka;¾ ine|shdjla fmkakqï lrk ksidu iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okh iy foaYmd,kh o tlsfklska fjka l< fkdyels wdldrhg wfkHdakH jYfhka tlsfkl yd ne|s mj;shs¡ fujeks m%dfhda.sljd§ ixo¾Nhla ;=< iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okfha § foaYmd,k{hdf.a ld¾h Nd¾h úu¾Ykhg ,la lsÍu jeo.;alula w;a lr .kshs¡ wfkla w;g j¾;udk rch uyskao Ñka;khg wkq.;j › ,xldj fhdaO ixj¾Okhla lrd /f.k hñka isák h:d¾:jd§ iudc foaYmd,k ikao¾Nhla ;=< iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Okh iy foaYmd,k{hdf.a N+ñldj idlÉPdjg ,la lsÍu ld,Sk jákdlula w;a lr.kS¡ fuys § m% : ufhka u iyNd.s ; a j ixj¾Ok l% s h dj,S k a y s § foa Y md,k ksfhdað;hdf.a ueÈy;a ùu wjYH jkafka ukao hk lreK úuiSug ,la l< yelsh¡ › ,xldj we;=¿ ol=Kq wdishd;sl rdcHhkays iudc ixo¾Nfhys mj;sk fnÿKq iajNdjh fya;= fldg f.k we;eï wjia : djka j , § ks,OdÍ yq .ï uÜgug hdug wlue;a;la olaj;s¡ tjka ixo¾Nhl § .%dóh ck;djf.a woy ia Woyia iy wod< ixj¾Ok ld¾h h ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a ±kqu k s i s mßÈ wka;¾.%yKh lr.ekS u wiSre fõ¡ fuje k s wjia : d j , § ck;d iyNd.S ; a j f hka isÿ flfrk i x j ¾ O k ld¾hhka f y j ; a iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s wid¾:l fõ¡ ´kEu ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shl wjidk j.lSu mejfrkqfha ck;d ksfhdað;fhla jYfhka foaYmd,{hdgh¡ tneúka ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s flfrys úfYa I fhka u iyNd.S ; a j ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s flfrys foaYmd,{hdf.a ueÈy;a ùu wjYH fõ¡ ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s hkq ;dËKsl l%shdj,shls¡ jHdmD;s ixl,amh bÈßm;a lsßfï isg jHdmD;s fhdackd ilia lsÍu we;=¿ ish,a, úúO iajrEmfha ;dËKsl l%shdj,Ska iuÕ ne|S mj;shs¡ úúO ;k;=re kduhkaf.ka y÷kajk ks,OdÍka i;=j ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj,g wjYH lrk ;dËKsl ±kqu ;sfí¡ iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok m%h;akhl § jqjo tu ks,OdÍyq by< isg my<g ;u ±kqu fmdïm lrñka ixj¾Okh <Õd lr .ekSug W;aiy lsÍu fndfyda úg ±lsh yels ;;a;ajhla fõ¡ fujeks wjia:djkaj, § ks,OdÍka ksis ud¾.hg f.k iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok m%h;akh id¾:l lr .ekSug foaYmd,{hdf.a ueÈy;a ùu w;HdjYH fõ¡ tjeks ueÈy;aula isÿ lsÍfï§ wod< ixj¾Ok lafIa;%h ms<sn| úfYaI{;djla foaYmd,k{hd i;=úh hq;=h¡ fkdtfiakï ks<OdÍkaf.a /jàïj,g foaYmd,k{hd yiq jkq we;¡ ke;akï foaYmd,k{hd yd ks,OdÍka w;r .eàï we;s ù wod< ixj¾Ok m%h;akfhka wfmaËs; m%;sM, fkd,eîug bv ;sfí¡ tneúka iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okh we;=¿ iEu ixj¾Ok m%h;akhl§u foaYmd,k{hdf.a ueÈy;a ùu wjYH jQj;a tu ueÈy;aùu l< hq;af;a b;du;a mßiaiñkah¡ wfkla w;g foaYmd,k{hd ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s iE§fuka u muKla yqfola iEySug m;aù iuia: ixj¾Ok l%shdj,shu ks,OdÍkayg mejÍfuka je<lS isàu w;HdjYH fõ¡

wfkla w;g ks,OdÍkag idfmaËj foaYmd,k{hdg ìï uÜgug myiqfjka <Õd úh yelsh¡ foaYmd,k{hdg ish Pkao fldÜGdYh iy tys fjfik ck;djf.a wfmaËdjka iy wjYH;djka ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla we;¡ wfkla w;g ck;dj o ks , OdÍka g idfma Ë j ;u ck;d ks f hda ð ;hd flfrys f<ka . ;= l ula iy mËmd;S;ajhla olaj;s¡ tfiau ks<OdÍkag idfmaËj foaYmd,{hkag b;d by< ms<s.ekSula .ï uÜgfï§ ysñ fõ¡ tneúka ìï uÜgfï l%shd;aul jk iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Ok jHdmD;skays § foaYmd,k{hdf.a iyNd.S;ajh iy ueÈy;a ùu wjYH fõ¡ fuu lreKq ldrKd ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï§ fmkS hk lreKla kï ixj¾Ok jHdmD;Skaj,§ úfYaIfhkau iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok m%h;akfha § ck;djf.a ksfhdað;hd fyj;a foaYmd,{hdf.a ueÈy;a ùu wjYH njh¡ tfy;a m¾hdh jYfhka iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok m%h;akhkays § foaYmd,k{hdf.a ueÈy;aùu fya;= fldgf.k ixj¾Ok idxl+,;djka o we;s úh yelsh¡ › ,xldj jeks ksfhdað; m%cd;ka;%jdoh l%shd;aul jk rgj, foaYmd,k l%uh foaYmd,k mË l%uhla u; yev .eiS mj;shs¡ tu foaYmd,k mË l%uh oaú mË fyda nyq mË jYfhka yev .eiS ;sîu fuu rgj,a fj;ska ±lsh yels fõ¡ ck;d ksfhdað;hd f;dard .ekSu foaYmd,k mË mokula u; isÿflf¾¡ tneúka iEu foaYmd,k{fhl=gu foaYmd,k mË ne|Sï we;¡ wfkla w;g ue;sjrKj,g bÈßm;a ùug iy ue;sjrKj,§ myiqfjka ch ,eîug foaYmd,k mË ne|Sï Yla;su;a lr .ekSug Tyqg fyda wehg isÿfõ¡ fujka ikao¾Nhla ;=< iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Ok m%h;akhg iyNd.s jk ck;d ksfhdað;hd fyj;a foaYmd,k{hd wh;a fkdjk foaYmd,k mËj, idudðlfhda fyda Woõlrefjda iïnkaO lr.ekSu uy;au ÿIalr lghq;a;la jkq we;¡ fndfyda úg Tjqkaf.a iyh wod< ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shg iïmQ¾Kfhkau fkd,eîhdug fuu ;;a ; a j h fya ; = úh yels h ¡ tmuKla fkdj wod< ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh lvd lmam,a lsÍug úúO W;aidyhkao Tjqka úiska .kq ,eîh yelsh¡ wfkla w;g" ixj¾Okh

iyNd.s;aj f j k ; a O k m%h;akhka i | y d m% ; s m ; a ; s iïm dokh blaujd il%Sh ueÈ y ; a u l a l r k foa Ymd,k{hd i;=j ta ms<sn| u k d ±kqula ;sîu w;HdjYH fõ¡ tn÷ ±kqu lska f;drj ixj¾Ok ld¾hhka i|yd foa Ymd,k{hka ueÈy;a ùfï § foaYmd ,k{hd wNsnjd ks<OdÍka biau;= ùu fyda ixj¾Ok m%h;akhka foaYmd,kSlrKh ùu fyda isÿfõ¡ tys wjidka m%;sM,h ixj¾Ok m%h;akhka wid¾:l ùuh¡ tneúka iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok m%h;akhka i|yd foaYmd,k{hkaf.a ueÈy;aùfï § th b;d m%fõYfuka l< hq;= jQjla jYfhka y÷kajdÈh yelsh¡ tfy;a tfia jQ muKska ixj¾Ok m%h;akhka fj;ska foaYmd,k{hd neyer ùu iqÿiq fkdjk nj fmkajd Èh yels h¡ › ,xldfõ j¾;udkfha isÿfjñka mj;sk ixj¾Ok ix.%duh i|yd úfYaIfhka u iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Okh mokï lr.ks ñ ka is ÿ flfrk .% d u ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s i|yd foaYmd,k{hdf.a ueÈy;aùu wjYH nj fuu kHdhd;aul ixo¾Nh ;=< t<ôh yels ks.ukh fõ¡ rúkaø pkaøisß m,a,sh.=ref.a foaYmd,k úoHdj ms<sn| lÓldpd¾h iudÔh úoHd wOHhkdxYh iudÔh úoHd iy NdId mSGh › ,xld inr.uqj úYajúoHd,h

foafYdaoh i¾fjda o h foa f Yda o h jevigyk uÕs k a foafYdaohla lrd ,Ëhl ck;djla n,.ekaùfï wruqfKka miq.sh j¾I fol ;=kl§ Èia;%sla foafYdaoh uy iNd /iaùï /ila meje;aúh¡ .%dóh ck;djg il%Sh iyNd.S;ajhla iys;j m%foaYShj f.dvkeÕSu fï u.ska isÿúh¡ fï jk úg i¾fjdaoh uq,ia:dkfha foafYdaoh wxYfha m%Odk;ajfhka iEu Èia;%slalhlu f;dard.;a m%foaYSh folla ne.s k a f.k tu m% f oa Y hka f .a tla Èk m%dfoaYSh uKav, folla ne.ska ixúOdkh lsÍu fï jk úg isÿflf¾¡ ta wkqj miq.sh udi ;=k ;=< Èia;%slal 25l m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdY 49 l§ foafYdaoh m%dfoaYsh iïfï,k 50la mj;ajd we;¡ tu iïfï,khka j,§ iyNd.Slrejka 20"000la b,lal ù ;snq w;r 15"531 fofkla foafYdaoh m%dfoaYsh iïfï,k i|yd iyNd.S ù we;¡ fïjk úg 11"142 msßila foafYdaoh uKav,

f y d a ixj¾

idudðl;ajh ,nd we;s w;r 11"142"000l wruqo,la foafYdaoh uKav, i|yd ,eî we;¡ fuu foafYdaoh m%dfoaYSh iïfï,k j,§ hymd,k l% s h dj,s h i|yd ck;djf.a odhl;ajh j¾Okh lsÍu wfmaËd lrk w;r iudc úIu;d bj;a lr,Su i|yd m%cdj n,j;a lsÍu fuu jevigyk uÕska isÿjk ;j;a úfYaI fiajdjls¡ m%dfoaYsh foafYdaoh iïfï,k ;=<ska Bg iyNd.s jk m%cdjf.a .eg¨ idlÉPdjg Ndckh fõ¡ fï hgf;a .% d óh wjYH;d imq r e.ekS f ï § rdcH ;ka ; % f hka iy foa Y md,k wêldrfhka idudkH ck;djg jk wmyiq;d ms<sn|j;a iïuq;s foaYmd,k u; mokï jQ hymd,k l% u hla fjkq f jka lemjq K q foa f Yda o h jevigyka u.ska l%shd;aul jk m%dfoaYSh foafYdaoh uKAv, Èia;%sla foafYdaoh uKav, cd;sl foafYdaoh iNd meje;aùfuka ck ú{dkh mqnqÿjd,Sug lghq;= l< yels nj;a iq¿ fldgia we;=¿ rfÜ ck;djg wod< m%Yak i|yd rdcH uÕska úiÿï ,nd§ug ck;djg n,mEï lsÍu jeä l< yels njg;a fuu iïfï,khka j,§ woyia bÈßm;a ù we;¡

i¾fjdaoh

12

rdjK ft;sydislhs tfy;a fï ;r ï ft ;s y d i sl f;dr;= re mejf;oa§;a rdjK mqj; ñ;Hdjla hehs lshkakg wm rg mqrdúoHdj fukau wdishd;sl ix.uh o blauka ù we;¡ Tjqka ta i|yd 2010 jif¾§ iuq¿jlao mj;ajd ;sfí¡ wmf.a b;sydih jir fooyia mkaishhlg iSud fldg ;eîu Tjqkaf.a wruqK jQfha ±hs fkdoksuq¡

wmf.a

b;sydih jir fooyia mkaishhlg fldgq fldg ;enq hq.hla úh¡ tfy;a ta wLKav b;sydih fï jk úg jir fooyilg;a jvd ÿrd;S;hlg .uka lrñka ;sfí¡ tjka ÿrd;S;hlska u;=jk fY%aIaG krm;sfhla jk rdjK .ek wo f,dju l;d lrñka isá;s¡ tfy;a wm rg mqrdúoHdj ;ju;a isákafka rdjK jD;a ; dka ; h ñ;Hdjla hk u;fha ±äj t,anf.kh¡ tfy;a wisßu;a rdjK hq.h ms<sn|j jeä wjOdkh fhduq fldg we;af;a wmg;a jvd tf;r úoaj;=ka nj mejish hq;=j ;sfí¡

mq , ;s i s bis j rhdKka g odj Wmka úY% d jdi uqksjrhd rdjKf.a mshdKka úh¡ ueKshka iqud,s kï jQ ,xldmqrfha rdcH l< rcqf.a tlf<dia jeks orejd yeáhg Wmka fflliSh¡ rdjK hk ku orejdg § we;af;a mq,;sis bisjrhdKka úh yelsh¡ ixialD; NdIdfjka —rd˜ hkq iqhH_d h¡ iuld,Sk ñir jeishka iQ¾hhdg —rd˜ hk jok fhdodf.k ;sfí¡ ñirfha mdrdfjda rdcH iufha§ wm foaYh;a ñirh;a w;r iudk jpk Ndú;hla jQ njg th;a WodyrKhls¡ —jK˜ hkakg we;eï W.;=ka úúO w¾: l:k ±lajqjo tho ixialD; NIdjg wkqj /i fkdfyd;a rYañh hk wre; f.fka¡ rd ¬ jK } rdjK hkqfjka ye|skafjkafka ysre /ih¡ thska rdjKf.a f;aci fmkajhs¡

úYaj lS¾;sOr wmf.a Wodr rdjK wêrdcHhdf.a j; f.d; Ndr;h we;=¿ wdishdkq rdcH /il W.;=ka jßkajr ,shd ;nd ;sfí¡ yskaÿ idys;Hhg wh;a uyd ldjHhka w;ßka wd§u ldjHhehs y÷kajkafka rdudhKhhs¡ fuu rdjK ldjH ,xldj;a Ndr; foaYh;a w;r isÿjQ w;s Nhdkl igkla ms<sn| úia;r olajd ;sfí¡ tfia fyhska wmf.a rdjK fYa%IaGhd .ek l;d lsÍfï§ rdudhK ldjHh uÕyeßh fkdyel¡ rdjK kñka rdËi fkdfyd;a Ndr;Shka mjik fia wiqr rfcla ,xldfjys úiq nj;a Ndr; foaYfha iS;d foaúh Tyqf.a ovqfudKr wyia hdkfhka meyerf.k wjq;a ,xldfjys wfYdal jkfhys isrfldg ;nd isá nj;a" wfma rfÜ l=vd orefjda mjd oks;s¡ tfiau ms<s.ks;s¡ iS;duf,a" iS;d t<sh" rdjKdf.dv" Wvq rdjK" há rdjK" rdjK we,a," rdjK fldaÜfÜ wd§ ia:dk kdu wm iudcfhys jHjydrhg md;%j we;af;a o tfyhsks¡ rdjKdf.a rdcOdksh j¾;udk ud;f,a Èia;%slalhg wh;aj ;snQ nj fndfyda úoaj;=kaf.a fmdÿ ms<s.ekSu njg m;aj ;sfí¡ iqm%isoaO úfoaYSh úoajf;l= jQ —iafmkaia ydä˜ ,xldmqr rdcOdksh ud;f,a Èia;%slalh ;=< msysgd we;ehs mjid ;sfí¡ ,la., m%foaYfha iS;d f,k" iS;d .," rdjK we," rdjK ., hk ia:dk kdu ±kqÿ Ndú;fha mj;shs¡ rdjK jdi.ï we;s ñksiqkao isá;s¡

rdjKf.a ,xldmq r h ms y s á ia : dkh .ek ykqukaf.a jpk j,ska uydNdr;h fufia mjid ;sfí¡ —rdjfK úÈf;d uhsyx - ,Xldjdi uydmqÍ oDIaGd mdfr iuqøiH - ;%Sl+g .sßlkaof¾˜ —iuqøfhka tyd .sßl=¿ ;=kla ueo msysá ,xld uyd mqrfhys jik rdjK .ek uu oksñ˜ hkak tys wre; fõ¡

rdjK rcqf.a uõ md¾Yjh fufia ±laúh yelsh¡ ^l;r.u&

ud,s.djla f.dvk.d rdcHh l< nj mqrdK .%ka:hla jQ uydNdr;h olajd ;sfí¡ ,xldmqr k.rh ks ¾ udKh lf<a úYa j l¾u yeáhg uydNdr;h ±lajqjo th lf<a rdjK rcqf.a uduKaäh jQ u>u; kï .%ka:fha l;=jr uyd ks¾udK Ys,amsfhl= jQ o ukafodaoßhf.a mshdKka fjk uhodkj úiska nj fmdÿ u;h fõ¡ ,xldjg —,xld˜ hk kduh ,enqfKa flfiao hkak;a wmf.a fuu .fõIKhg rel=,la fõ¡ wm wid we;s whqßka ta fufiah¡ iQ¾hhdf.a .uk wkqj fmd<fõ flakaøia:dkh" uOHh" ueo fkdfyd;a ,Ëh hk wre;ska ,xld hk kduh we;s ù ;sfí¡ mqrdK RIsjreka f,dalh ms<sn|j l< ñkqul§ iQ¾hh .uk wkqj i,ld n,d mD;=úfha uOHh yeáfhka i<ld we;af;a ,xld fmdf<dj nj mejfia¡ uOHh" ueo hk wre;ska tod wm Èjhsk ,xld kñka y÷kajd ;sfí¡

O¾urdc fya;s rdËi ¬ l,dN.sks

fuu ,xldmqrh msysáfha ,xldfõ ljr m%foaYhl ±hs hkak fuys§ jeo.;a fõ¡ ,xldmqrh msysáfha iqflaY ¬ foajj;S ,xldfõ j¾;udk ud;f,a Èia;%slalh ;=< hehs ud,s ;dv;d ^ÈhKs& ud,Hjka; iqud,s iafmkaia ydä u;= l< u;h fuúg úfYaIfhka ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=j ;sfí¡ ud;f,a Èia;%slalh iqud,s ¬ fla;=u;S ^k¾uod .dkaO¾j uoaÿu ÈhKs& ;=< ;ekska ;ek u;= ù fmfkk ,.a.," iS.sßh wd§ Wia .,a l÷ ksid uydNdr;fha lshefjk ;%sl+g .sßlkaorh msysáfha tysu njg idol ,efí¡ ud;f,a Èia;%slalh msysgd we;af;a o ,xld N+ñfha ueog fjkakgh¡ ,xld N+ñfha kef.kysr fl<jr msysgd we;af;a foaYdxYl 81 l,d 50 wdikakfhah¡ ,xld N+ñfha ngysr ìï fldK fuys§ 11 jeks orejd rdjKf.a uEKshka jk tfiau rdjK yd iS;d foaúh ms<sn|j fldaÜfÜ" foaYdxYl 79 l,d 40 wdikakfha f.ù f.dia we;¡ ffll>Sh¡ weh újdy jkafka mq,;sisf.a mq;a iS;djl yd uykqjr hq.hkays§ ,shejqKq merKs fuh tl;= l< úg 81¡ 50 ¬ 79¡ 40 } 160¡90 ,efí¡ úY%djdi iuÕh¡ rdjKf.a msh md¾Yjh lvhs ï fmd;a " ú;a ; s fmd;a yd fkdfhla fuh h<s;a folg fnÿ úg foaYdxl 80¡45 ,efí¡ fufia h ¡ ft;sydisl f,aLkj, úia;r ±lafõ¡ mq,;sis ¬ Nú¾N= ud;f,a Èia;%slalfha iS.sßhg iS.sß., yd jej wdY%s; m%foaYh foaYdxl 80¡45g we;=¿jk nj W;=re Ndr;fha wfhdaOHd mqrfha oYr: rcqf.a mq;a úY%djdi ¬ fflliS fmfka¡ fï cHdñ;s fya;=ka ie,ls,a,g f.k iqud,s rdu" ñÓ,d k.rfha ckl rcqf.a ÈhKs iS;d yd rcq ka ,xldmqr k.rh f.dvke.= nj is;d.; rdjK ,xldfõ mq,;sis RIsjrhdKkaf.a uqKqmqre fiau l=ïNlrK iqm¾K;d yelsh¡ úY%djdi uqksjrhdf.a ^fudyq jrï foõ rcqka jk uydjxYhg wkqj iS.sßh msysá m%foaYh y÷kajd fodaoÍ ^uh yd ksl=ïN l=ïN ffjY%jK kñka o ye|skafõ& mq;a rdjK hk rdjK ¬ uka fyaud hqj,f.a ÈhKs& we;af;a fïrelkaor rÜG hkqfjks¡ Ndú;fha§ ta úY%djdi ¬ rdld ;sfokd ,xldj;a" Ndr;h;a w;r jQ uyd ìysiqKq fuf,i fjkig m;aj ;sfí¡ fïrelkaor rÜG ix.%dufha m%Odk pß; jYfhka u;=fõ¡ tfiau fï>kdo wlaIh l=udr w;sldh ¥IK ^ksjqka& ^rdjK u,h lkaor > fu,kaÿr > fu,d÷r > ue,E~qr Or ^ksjqka& ^rdjK rdjK l;dj ±la f jk rdudhKh kdro ^bkaøð;a& rcfha fifkú& rcfha fifkú& hkqfjks¡ ue,E~qr hk kduh l=reKE., rdcH RIsjrhdf.a werhqñka jd,añlS kï bisjrhd iufha § Ndú;fha ;snQ nj ú,a.ïuq, ix>rdc úY%djdi ¬ ud,s;s iS;df.ka wid ±k.;a f;dr;=re u; rpkd lrk ud,s yd jiqod hqj,f.a ÈhKs l;r.u ysñhka ^tl, fu;=uka le,Ks úydrdêm;sh& ,o nj —NjN+;s˜ lúhd úiska ,shk ,o W;a;r merKs wkqrdOmqr iufha§ ,shd ;snqK kdu úfYaI rdudhKfhys ±lafõ¡ úNSIK ¬ irud me,s f nda ê jxYh wkq j hñka ,s h q is x y, fndaêjxYfha —,xldjlrK l:d˜ hk Ys¾Ih fujeks jeo.;a f;dr;=re úuid n,oa§ rdjK lrKs l=udre^mshdg úreoaOj hgf;a ;ekl fufia ±lafõ¡ —wef.a wdkqNdjfhka rdjK mig f.dia Èú ms¥ ms<sn|j fndfyda ft;sydisl f;dr;=re /|S ^fuys wef.a hkq l=fõKsh fõ& YS¾Ijia;= kï jQ úrefjls& we;af;a rdu iy iS;d úiq Ndr;fha fkdj rdjK hËmqrhg jeo tys uydld,fiak isßu;dKka úiq wmf.a foaYfhys nj wújdÈ;h¡ kï m%Odk hËhdg ue,E~qfrys ,xldmqrfhka rjdKdf.a ujf.a mshdKka jQ iqud,s rc;=ud ;u rdjK rcqf.a ft;sydisl Wreuhg tjka úia;r f.k tk ,o hË lkHdjf.a újduÕ=,a i|yd jeäuy,a fidfydhq r e ud,Hjka ; l;r.u b;du jeo.;ah¡ /iajQ ish¨ hË iuqyhd urd iuqø;Srh fl<jr rdcHh lroa§ W;=re foig fjkakg ,xldmqrh fldg we;s ,Xld;,h tlafiai;a fldg¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡˜ kñka k.rhla ;kd tys .sßl=,la u; mshlre rdld ^rdjKf.a iq¿ uj&

ffll>s ^rdjKf.a uj&

ydilrK

m%>i

ixN%dÈ

iqm¾Yj

oKav

Oqu%dË ^rdjK rcqf.a fikam;s&

ld,slduqL

úlg

wlïmk

m%yia;

úoHq;a flaY ¬ ikaOHd ÿys;D

i¾fjdaoh

13

by; mqj; wkqj rdjK mqrdjD;h ms<sn| lreKq /ila u;=fõ¡ l=fõKsh ms<sn|j;a" ld,fiak kï jQ m%Odk hË rfcl= .ek;a tys ±lafõ¡ l=fõKsh yd ld,fiak hk fofokd rdjK mrmqf¾ nj fuhska meyeÈ,s fõ¡ rdjK hq.fha§ jQ ,xldmqr k.rh o úch meñfKk ld,fhao ta kñkau ;snq nj o meyeÈ,s fõ¡ úch hgf;a l< Ys¾Ijia;= mqrh o hË f.da;%sl md,kh hgf;a mej;s ;sfí¡ ue,E~qr iS.sß ckmohg ú,a. uq,a, ysñhkaf.a ld,fha§ fh§ ;snqKq kduh nj;a ,xld mqr ta ckmofha k.rh nj;a isxy, fndaêjxYh wkqj meye È,sh¡ isxy, fndaê jxYfha meye È,sj tfia olajd ;sìh§ iuy r W.;=ka —,xldmqr k.r h˜ fjk;a ia:dkj, msysá fha hehs idjoH u; m<f ldg ;sfí¡ uydNdr; ldjHfhays olajd we;s ;%sl+g .sßlkaof¾ hkak ;a uyjxYfha ±lafjk —fïre lkaor˜ hkak;a iudk w¾:h .kshs¡ fïre hkafkka lshefjkafka lkao - m¾j;h hkakh¡ uyd fïre lshkafka uyfuIagh fkdfyd;a uylkaogh¡ tfyhska fïrelkaor .sßlkaor tlu w¾:fha isáhs¡ ;%sl+g .sßlkaor hkqfjka lshefjk úg l÷ ;=kla w;r msysá ìu hkqfjka wre; f.fka¡ ud;f,a Èia;%slalfha ,.a.,;a" iS.sßh;a" oUq¨.,;a w;r msysá ìu ;%sl+g .sßlkaor fia .; yelsh¡ tfyhska ,xldmqr k.rh msysáfha iS.sßh wdY%s;j hehs o rdjK ud,s.h msysáfha iS.sß ., uqÿk u; hehso lSug lreKq ;sfí¡

h

ldYHm rc;=ud iS.sßh u; Tyqf.a ud,s.h ;ekqfõ bka jir oyia .Kklg fmr tys jQ rdjKf.a ud,s.fha f.m, u; hehs wmg lsj yelsj ;sfí¡ úch fuys th úg rdjK mrmqf¾ ^ÿ¾j,& rcorejka isá nj l=fõKshf.a yd uydld,fiakf.a kï i|ykaj ;sîfuka fy<sù ;sfí¡ úch l=fõKshf.a wdrdOkh ,en >d;kh fldg ouk ,oafoa rdjK mrmqfrka mej; wd uydld,fiak rcqka yd Tyqf.a kEishkah¡ úch úiska miq l,l§ mkakd ouk ,o l=fõKsh úchf.a orejka fofokd;a iuÕ wdrËdj m;d wdmiq ,xldmqrhg .shnj;a ,xldmqr md,lhska weh urd ±uq nj;a uydjxYhu i|yka fldg we;¡ ,xldmqr k.rh todo úchg hg;aj fkd;snq nj tu m%jD;a;sfhkau meyeÈ,s lr .; yelsh¡ fï ksid wm rdjK kr fY%aIaGhdf.a ku ;j ÿrg;a b;sydifhka iÕjd ;eîug fkdyels jkq we;¡ bkaÈhdkq b;sydihg rdu we;=¿j ;sìh§ ,xld b;sydifhka rdjK msgux lr ±ñh yelafla flfia±hs m%Yak lsÍug ±ka ld,h meñK ;sfí¡ rdjK ft;sydislhs¡ th lsisfjl=g m%;slafIam l< fkdyel¡

wfYdal fm%aupkaø

^rdjK lS¾;s › idys;H Y+Í" fldf<dïf;dg N+IK yd l,d N+IK iïudk ,dNS&

nqoaêu;a .=K.rel iudchlg ±kqu fnodfok i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h

ym;a nqoaêu;a yd .=K.rel iudchla f.dvke.Su Wfoid ±kqu fnod§u" ±kqu .nvdlr ;eîu yd m¾fhaIK lsÍu mrud¾:h lr.;a i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h fï jk úg úYd, m%.;shla olakg we;' 1969 cQks 19 uy;aud .dkaê Y; ixj;airh ksñ;af;ka .ïudk 100 ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%uh hgf;a .ïmy Èia;%slalfha Wrefj, .%dufhka" .%dóh mqia;ld, fiajh wdrïN jQ w;r fn,aðhfï n%I,aia kqjr isg meñKs f,dal ;reK iuq¿fõ uy f,alï fcda;s ixl¾ isx.a uy;d w;ska l=vd ±ßhlg m<uq fmd;a lÜg,h msß keófuka fuu i;a ld¾hh wdrïN úh¡

kùk ;dCIKh yryd ±kqu msmdidfjka fmf<k mdGl msßi i|yd ±kqu .fõIKh lsÍfï ld¾hNdrhg iyh ùu Wfoid cd;sl mqia;ld,fha taldnoaO iqÑhg odhl ùfï wNs,dYfhka fï jk úg i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,fha f;dr;=re cd,h hdj;ald,Sk lrñka mj;s' taldnoaO iqÑh u.ska i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h wka;¾cd,h Tiafia .fõIKh lsÍfï yelshdj bÈßfha§ ,ndfokq we;' fï jk úg i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h fldgia yhlska iukaú;h’

j¾;udkh jk úg i¾fjdaoh uOHu mq i a ; ld,h i;= j fmd;a 20000 lg wêl ixLHdjla we;s w;r oyilg wdikak jq mdGl msßila fuu fmd;a " iÕrd yd Èkm;d mq j ;a m ;a mßYS , kh lrhs ' úfYaIfhkau m%foaYfha mj;akd ld¾h nyq, mdßißl ;;a;ajh u; ksikai, mßirhl mj;sk i¾fjdaoh uOHu mq i a ; ld,h mdi,a is i q k a y g uyÕ= iïm;ls ' Èkm;d úYd, YsIH YsIHdjka msßila ;u wOHhk lghq;= i|yd mqia;ld, lshùï Yd,dj Ndú; lrhs' ix.uh fj; tk úfoaYsh YsIH YsIHdjkaf.a úúO fiajd i|yd úfYaIfhkau Wiia wOHdmk lghq;= i|yd ±kqu wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug iyh ±laùu o uOHu mqia;ld,h u.ska isÿfõ¡

idudkH lD;s tl;=j' ^neyer §fï wxYh& fmdÿfõ ishÆu úIhkag wod, fmd;am;a j,ska hqla; jk w;r meñK mßyrKh lsÍug fukau neyer§u i|yd lghq;= lr we;' ish¨u úIhkag wod< fmd;am;a j,ska fuh hqla;h’

úúO úIh fCIa;%hkag wh;a fmd;am;a rdYshlska hq;a uOHu mqia;ld,h ´kEu úIh Odrdjlska wOHdmkh yodrk mdi,a YsIH YsIHdjkaf.a isg úoHd¾:hska olajd jq ish¨fokdf.a ±kqu wjYH;d i|yd wjYH fmd;am;a j,ska hqla;h' bx.%sis yd isxy, hk udOH foflkau ,shjqKq fndfydauhla fmd;a fuys olakg ,efí' ld,Sk f;dr;=re wjYH;djh imqrd,ñka iuia; ix.ufha ixj¾Ok ld¾hhg odhl ùu Wfoid i¾fjda o h uOHu mq i a ; ld,h l% s h dls Í u iq ú fYa I s ld¾hls' tys§ i¾fjdaoh uõ ix.ufha wruqK jk .%dóh úYajúoHd, olajdjQ .uka uf.ys úYajúoHd, mqia;ld,h f.dvke.Su i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,fha mrud¾:hhs' úfYaI mqia;ld,hla f,i l%shd;aul jk i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h m¾fhaIK mqia;ld, wdrïN lsÍug ie,iqï lr we;' ta i|yd úYd, iïm;a m%udKhla mqia;ld,h i;= jk w;r bÈßfha§ m%cd fi!LH wxYh yd uydpd¾h kkaofiak r;akmd, .=kdkqiaurK tallh mokï lr.;a úfYaI úIh Odrd fol hgf;a fuu m¾fhaIK mqia;ld,h wdrïN lsÍug wfmaCId lr we;'

i¾fjdaoh m%ldYk tl;=j' .re iNdm;s wdpd¾h ta'à'wdßhr;ak uy;audf.a m%ldYk yd i¾fjdaoh ix.uh úiska m%ldYhg m;alrk ,o .%ka: iy m%ldYk tl;=jla fï hgf;a jk w;r fuys fmd;a neyer§u isÿ fkdfõ' úu¾Ykh i|yd muKla i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h úiska fuh mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs’

uy;aud .dkaê .%ka: tl;=j' uy;aud .dkaê ;=ud ms<snoj yd t;=udf.a o¾Ykh ms<snoj NdId ;=fkkau ,shjqKq m%ldYk tl;=jls¡ fmd;a neyer§u isÿ fkdjk w;r úu¾Ykh i|yd muKla fuh mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs'

uydpd¾h kkaofiak r;akmd, .=KdkqiaurK tallh' iudc úoHd m¾fhaIK fCIa;%hg Ôjk woa±lSï l%uh yÿkajdoSfï f.!rjdorhg md;%jq uydpd¾h kkaofiak r;akmd, uy;audf.a fm!oa.,sl .%ka: tl;=j fï hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí' t;=udf.a úfhdafjka miq uydpd¾h kkaofiak r;akmd, moku úiska tu .%ka: tl;=j i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h fj; mß;Hd. lrk ,È' fuys úúO úIhhkag wod<j fmd;a fooyilg wêl m%udKhlska hqla; jk w;r bx.%sis yd isxy, hk NdId foflkau hqla;h' fmd;a neyer§u isÿ fkdjk w;r úu¾Ykh i|yd muKla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs’

LRC wxYh' ^bf.kq ï iïm;a uOHia:dkh& fuh úfYaI úu¾Yk tallhla jk w;r wOHhk lghq;= i|yd wjYH ud¾f.damfoaYk .%ka: tl;=jls' fmd;a neyer§u isÿ fkdjk w;r úu¾Ykh i|yd muKla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs'

i¾fjdaoh

14

K d u ks ¾

m%cd fi!LH m¾fhaIK tallh' fuh ffjoH úoHd yd m%cd fi!LH hk fCI;% folg wh;a ffjoH úkahd wdßhr;ak uy;audf.a fm!oa.,sl .%ka: tl;=jls' fuh t;=ud úiska ,shk ,o yd t;=udf.a wOHk lghq;= i|yd Ndú; lrk ,o fmd;am;a j,ska hqla; fjhs' fmd;a neyer§u isÿ fkdjk w;r úu¾Ykh i|yd muKla ilialrf.k hkq ,nhs’ miq . s h jljdkq j ;= < Èia ; % s l a yd .% d óh uÜgfuka mqia;ld, wdrïNlr tjd mj;ajdf.k hdug lghq;= isÿl< w;r fï jk

f,dj fjfikd iEu mqoa.,fhl=u yelshdjf.ka wkQkh¡ ta w;ßka yelshdjka jgyd .ksñka tajd Tma kxjñka ðj;a jkafka iq¿ msßils¡ <ud ld,fha isgka ;u oË;d /l.ksñka jeäysáfhl= olajd yelshdjka ÈhqKq lr.ksñka Ôj;aúu jvd jeo.;ah¡ th meíf,d msldfidaf.a —iEu orefjlau l,dlrefjl= fõ¡ .eg¨j th fkdj Tyq jeäysáfhl= jQ miq;a l,dlrefjl= f,i isákafka flfiao hkakhs˜ hk m%ldYfhkau meyeÈ,s fõ¡ úg;a Èia ; % s l a ls y s m hl id¾:lj mq i a ; ld, mj;a j df.k hkq ,nhs ' úfYaIfhkau ud;r yd ;%sl=Kdu<h Èia;s%laj, l%shd;aul idu mqia;ld, fuu jevms<sj, ;=< úfYaI fõ’

i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,fha iyfhka wdrïNlrk ,o fyda i¾fjdaoh fjk;a wxYhl iyfhka wdrïNlrk ,o mqia;ld,hla Tfí .fï we;akï ta ms<snoj i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,hg ,shkak wxl 98" rdj;dj;a; mdr"fudrgqj' .%dóh ¥ orejka i|yd muKla fkdj jeäysá Tng o ±kqu ,nd§ug wm yeuúgu wem lemù isáuq' .%dóh mqia;ld, fiajdj h<s f.dvkexùug yels iEu iyhlau ,nd§ug i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h jYfhka wm wem lemù isáuq'

khkd l=udß

mqia;ld,dêm;s i¾fjdaoh uOHu mqia;ld,h

rEmjdysksh yd wOHdmkh

ljr rgl jqjo trg ckudOH w;=frka m%n,u ckudOH jkq we;af;a rEmjdyskshhs¡ th ckm%sh udOHh ùuo fkdje<elsúh yelsh¡ ckudOHhkaf.a ld¾hNd¾h úh hq;af;a rfÜ iudc ixialD;sl mokug ydks fkdjk mßÈ" rfÜ m%.;shg wod< iuia=; ixj¾Ok l%shdoduhg wjYH ux fm;a újr lr fmkaùuhs¡ rdcH wxYfhka tu fufyjr bgqjk úg tajdfha ÿn, ;eka" fkd.e<fmk ;eka tys§ isÿjk ¥IK l%shd wdÈh j.lsj hq;a;kag fmkajd§uhs¡ fï ld¾hh rEmjdyskshg b;d myiqfjka yd id¾:l f,i bgql< yelsh¡ tfia f,dalfha isÿjk foa j,ska wfma Ôú;j,g jeo.;ajk yd mqoa., ixj¾Okhg wjYH oE muKla m%pdrKh lsÍu ;=<ska rEmjdysksh Tiafia iudchg hï fufyjrla bgql< yelsh¡ tfiau" wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka jeo.;alula we;s foaj,a wm yuqjg f.k tau o rEmjdysks udOHhg l< yelsh¡ f,dalfha hï isoaêhla isÿù b;d iq¿ ld,hla ;=< § th uq¿ f,dalhgu isoaêh yd iïnkaO miq;,hka iuÕ rEmrduq o bÈßm;a lsÍu rEmjdyskshg l< yelsh¡ wOHdmksl ld¾h i|yd rEmjdysksh fhdod.; yelsh¡ tfy;a .=rejrhd mka;sfha fufyhqï ldrlhd jYfhka iÔù ùu wjYHhs¡ iudc wOHdmkhg yd iïnkaO mdvï b.ekaùfï§ thg wod< ÿria: rgl f;,a ksê" i;a;aj f.dúm<j,a jeks w;sf¾l úIh lreKq b.ekaùug;a" iÔù f,i fyda ùäfhda má u.ska tu rEmrduq isheiska oel .ekSug;a yelsùu ksid mdvu M,odhsùug fndfyda ÿrg bv ;sfí¡ cd;Hka;r iïfï,k" cd;Hka;r l%Svd W;aij jeks úúO wjia:djka wo rEmjdysksh u.ska iÔù f,i oel.ekSug yelsùu wOHdmksl jYfhka tys jeo.;alu jeä ÈhqKqùug fya;=ù ;sfí¡

lud l< ueKú ug mska idr uõ ìfï yuq jqfka ukao wms fjka jkak fkdis;du yels fõo fyg Èfka hd hq;=h yer oud f,da oï whqßka lud l< ueKú ug fkdyel ie.ú bkak ßfok nj oksñ yo lud ù jrolg iuq fokak b; is;ska fkdÈ foia kqfò uqúka neÿkq is;a ßÿï fohs úfhdajkq olsk úg u;=odl yuqfõú fld;eklÈ fyda h,s;a

kqU bmÿKq Èk uf.a is; msreKs ud ;ks ke;s n jug ±ka ±kqKs lsß iqÿ w;a md iqisksÿ f,i

fmkqKs

foúhka ug ÿka mska rej mq;=Ks ug we;s jia;=j Tn fkao mqf;a fkduÕ fkdhd yß uÕ hkak

mqf;a

f,djg W;=ï f,i ye|shka

mqf;a

foúhka ug ÿka mska rej Tnhs

mqf;a

udfijK wjqreÿ wisßh r;= mdáka trnÿ u,a msms

;sfnkafka

fldjq,a yçka .u ieu ;ek mskù hkafka yks ykslg lejqï fldlsia f;f,a nefokafka

fkdyÿkk f,i ysÈuq yl=,dk w;s;h fkdolajd is; lÿ¨ f,djg yi/,a, md

rnka iqr,a y~ wm is;a i;=gq

lrkafka

pkl=

TxÑ,s jdrï lú ieu ;eku

wefikafka

wiïu; kElu lsß ri ú|skd lsß leá mq; ud Èj.ska lsß ri fkd.sh ujls ud weis kgjk fndakslaflla ÿre rglska f.k tkakg biqre ;sfnk foaYhlg wïñ .shd ud ;ks fldg yo .efykd weia kgkd iskd lgla uqj rokd Wl=,a ;f,a w;a .ikd lsß Wrkd fndakslald yh y;rla f;afrK od lsß leáfhda wykafkmd —u,a,s fkdù kqU udyg mq;d jqfKa˜ flf,i lshd ixfõ§ pQ,d mshiqkaor

fkdÿgq fkdweiq foa iÔù f,i oel wid.ekSug rEmjdyskS jevigyka w;aoelSï jk fyhska bf.kSï lghq;= i|yd rEmjdysksh fhdod.ekSu M,odhS fõ¡ kuq;a wo rEmjdysks udOH Tiafia úldYkh jk we;eï fj<| m%pdrl jevigyka fya;=fjka <ud is;a ¥IKh fyda úlD;s ;;a;ajhkag m;aùug we;s bvlv by<h¡ fï w;ska we;eï jHdmdßl iud.ï ;u wdh;kh fjkqfjka ksmo jQ yd m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,nk iuyr fj<| oekaùï iy fg,skdgH i|yd fhdod.kakd we;eï rEmrduq wdÈh fndfydaúg <ud is;a oeä fia ¥IKhg ,la lrjk iq¿h¡ wo fndfyda fg,skdgH" fj<| m%pdrl oekaùï úldYkh lrkqfha" <uhska" ;reKhka" jeäysáhka" lsisu jhia fNaohlska f;drj tlu ;,hl ;ndh¡ fï ksid iqÿiq kqiqÿiq hehs jevigyka fnod fjkalr .ekSug mjd <uqkag wjfndaO fkdjkq we;¡ j¾;udkfha we;s Mega Drama ke;fyd;a §¾> ld,Sk fg,skdgH wdÈh ksid orejkaf.a fukau jeäysáhkaf.a ld,h ld ouk ;;a;ajhla Wod lr we;¡ foudmshka ¥ orejka tlg jdä ù krUk jevigyka fndfyda ;snqK o tajd o hï iSudjlg lrkafka kï iudchg wys;lr fkdfõ¡ <ud ukig fkd.e<fmk jevigyka orejka úiska krUkjd muKla fkdj" wo jeäysá foudmshkaf.a uqo,a o kdia;slrjk ;;a;ajhgo rEmjdysksh keröu fndfyda m%p,s;j we;¡ rEmjdysksh fldf;la ÿrg .e<fmkafkao" fldf;la ÿrg fkd.e<fmkafka o hkak u; iudch úiska rEmjdysksh fyd| hehso" ;j;a iuyre krl hehso woyia lr;s¡ flfia fj;;a fyd|g krlg folg fhdod.; yels fï udOH úiska ,ndfok fyd| mKsúv muKla wm Ôú;j,g wdo¾Y lr.; hq;= nj ;rfha isyshg .; hq;=h¡

uf.a mq;d

wjqreoaola <Õ tk nj wmg

lshkafka

rEmjdysksh wOHdmkhg fhdod .; yels ksid id¾:l wOHdmk l%shdj,shla f.dvk.d .; yelsh¡ ta u.ska <uqkag w;aoelSï iïNdrhla /ialr .ekSug yelsfjhs¡ úúO uÜgfï oekqu ñkqu ;r. jeksfoa" úoHd;aul yd ;dËsKl oekqu ,ndfok jevigyka wOHdmkh uqjy;a lrk hym;a jevigyka fõ¡ iqúfYaIS wOHdmksl jevigyka u.ska <uqkag mdie,a úIh ikaOdrhg wu;rj oekqï$f;dr;=re ,nd.; yels ksid ldf,daÑ; oekqula orejkag ,nd.; yel¡ fï wkqj wOHdmkh i|yd rEmjdysksh fhdod.ekSu M,odhS ùug fndfyda ÿrg bv ;sfnk nj lsj yelsh¡

pla .=vq pla .=vq lshñka ÿj mek hkafka wjqreÿ isßhhs fï Tng

lshkafka

l=re,a,kaf.a lsÑ ìÑ ko oi;

wefikafka

mqxÑ <uqka isky y~;a me;sÍ

hkafka

wjqreÿ W;aij we;af;a i;r

È.skafka

wjqreÿ ,en ieu is;a i;=gq

lrkafka

liqka nqoaêl

udfijK

fhdjqka yjq, kef.kysr werõj, i¾fjdao Y%uodk iñ;sh l=re,af,da

Wfoa mdkaor wjÈ

ù,d

;d,hlg .S;hla

.hd,d

lEu fidhd b.s,S

weúÈ,a,d

l=re¿ ?k mshUd

weúÈ,a,d

l=re¿ wïud wdydr /f.khs

tkafka

w;af;ka w;a;g b.s,S

hkjd

mqxÑ megõ th N=la;s

ú|skafka

pQálald isxÿ

lshkjd

l=re¿ mshd th n,d

isákafka

lr jg r;= udf,a

ou,d

tluq;= nj fï lshd

mdkafka

kegqï kgkjd wr rK

fudKrd

udfijK

i¾fjdaoh

15

uykqjr Èia;%slalfha wd.ñl kdhl tluq;=j 2013'03'02 jk Èk fld<U meje;ajQ wd.ñl kdhl iuq¿jg f.dia iuq¿j wjikaj i¾fjdaoh kdhl wdpd¾h ta'á' wdßhr;ak ue;s;=uka yuqù iqyo l;dnyl ksh,Sfuka wk;=rej PdhdrEmhlg fmkS isáñka'

Design & Edit By Charith Karunanayake 077 621 35 46

2013 wfm%a,a 11 jk Èk i¾fjdaoh m%cd ysñldÍ;ajhla ;=<ska m%fndaou;a l%shdldÍ;ajhla uq,ia:dkfha mej;s w¨;a wjqreÿ jHdmD;sfha m<uq jevuq¿j ;%sl=Kdu,fha§¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ W;aijfha wisßu;a wjia:d¡¡¡¡¡¡

fudrgqj rdj;dj;a; mdf¾ ,xld cd;sl i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk ^ixia:dms;& ix.uh u.ska fudrgqj rdj;dj;a; mdf¾ wxl 77 orK i¾fjdaoh úYaj f,aLd uqøKd,fha uqøKh lrjd m%isoaO lrk ,oS